Астана на английском как пишется

Astana,[a] previously known as Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, Akmola, and most recently Nur-Sultan,[13] is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

Astana

Астана (Kazakh)

Capital city

Central Downtown Astana 2.jpg

Ishim River in Nur-Sultan (cropped).jpg

Central Downtown Astana 1.jpg

Nazarbayev University.JPG

L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University.JPG

Astana SAM 0056 (15120213712).jpg

Astana SAM 0060 (15120204962).jpg

From top, left to right: Downtown Astana with Baiterek tower, Ishim River, Nurjol Boulevard, the Nazarbayev University, the L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana Opera, KazMunayGas Building

Flag of Astana

Flag

Coat of arms of Astana

Coat of arms

Location of Astana in Kazakhstan

Astana is located in Kazakhstan

Astana

Astana

Astana is located in Asia

Astana

Astana
Coordinates: 51°08′50″N 71°25′20″E / 51.14722°N 71.42222°ECoordinates: 51°08′50″N 71°25′20″E / 51.14722°N 71.42222°E
Country  Kazakhstan
Founded 1830 (as Akmola)[2]
Government
 • Type Mayor–Council
 • Body City Mäslihat
 • Äkim Zhenis Kassymbek[3]
Area
 • City proper 810.2 km2 (312.8 sq mi)
Elevation 347 m (1,138 ft)
Population

 (01 December 2022)[4]
 • City proper 1,350,228[1]
 • Metro

[5]

 1,200,000
Time zone UTC+6 (ALMT)
Postal code

010000–010015[6]
Area code +7 7172[7]
ISO 3166-2 AST[8]
License plate 01, Z
Website www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/astana?lang=kk Edit this at Wikidata

The city lies on the banks of the Ishim River in the north-central part of Kazakhstan, within the Akmola Region, though administered as a city with special status separately from the rest of the region. A 2020 official estimate reported a population of 1,136,008 within the city limits, making it the second-largest city in the country, after Almaty, which had been the capital until 1997.[4] The city became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997; since then it has grown and developed economically into one of the most modern cities in Central Asia.[14][15] In 2021, the government selected Astana as one of the 10 priority destinations for tourist development.[16]

Modern Astana is a planned city, following the process of other planned capitals.[15] After it became the capital of Kazakhstan, the city dramatically changed its shape. The city’s master-plan was designed by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa.[15] As the seat of the government of Kazakhstan, Astana is the site of the Parliament House, Supreme Court, Ak Orda Presidential Palace and numerous government departments and agencies. It is home to a range of futuristic buildings, including many skyscrapers.[17][18][19]

NamesEdit

Akmola settlement was founded in 1830, possibly named after a local landmark—Ақ мола literally means white grave in Kazakh—although this theory is not universally accepted.[2] In 1832, it was granted town status and renamed Akmolinsk.[2] In 1961 under Soviet government, it was renamed Tselinograd, Russian for «virgin lands city».[20] In 1991 following Kazakhstan’s independence, the name was changed to Akmola.[20]

In December 1997, the city replaced Almaty as the capital of Kazakhstan, and in May 1998, it was renamed Astana, which means «capital city» in Kazakh.[21] In March 2019, the capital was renamed to Nur-Sultan (;[9] Kazakh pronunciation: [nʊɾ sʊltɑn]; Kazakh: Нұр-Сұлтан, romanized: Nūr-Sūltan) in honor of the long-ruling President Nursultan Nazarbayev, shortly after his resignation.[22][23] In September 2022, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed a constitutional amendment to revert to the name Astana.[24][25] As of 2022, it holds the Guinness World Record for the capital city with the most name changes in modern times.[20]

HistoryEdit

Middle Ages (8th to 18th centuries)Edit

Many centuries ago, the Bozok settlement was located on the territory of modern Astana. It was a military fortress of the Steppe section of the Great Silk Road. The etymology of the Turkic word «Boz» carries several meanings such as ‘untouched earth’, ‘virgin soil’ and ‘feather grass’. It was a large settlement of the 12-14th centuries. At present, Astana is expanding to the territory of ancient Bozok.[26]

Early years (1830–1918)Edit

The settlement of Akmoly was established on the Ishim River in 1830 as the seat of an okrug. In 1832, the settlement was granted town status and named Akmolinsk.[2] The fairly advantageous position of the town was clear as early as 1863. It describes how picket roads and lines[definition needed] connected this geographic center to Kargaly in the East, Aktau fort in the South and through Atbasar to Kokshetau in the West. In 1838, at the height of the great national and liberation movement headed by Kenesary Khan, Akmolinsk fortress was burned.[27] After the repression of the liberation movement, the fortress was rebuilt. On 16 July 1863, Akmolinsk was officially declared an uyezd town.[28] In 1869, Akmolinsk external district and department were cancelled, and Akmolinsk became the center of the newly established Akmolinsk Oblast.[citation needed] In 1879, Major General Dubelt proposed to build a railway between Tyumen and Akmolinsk to the Ministry of Communications of Russia.[citation needed] In the course of the first 30 years of its existence, the population of Akmola numbered a trifle more than 2,000 people. However, over the next 30 years the city’s population increased by three times according to volosts and settlements of the Akmolinsk Oblast. In 1893, Akmolinsk was an uyezd with a 6,428 strong population, 3 churches, 5 schools and colleges and 3 factories.[citation needed]

Soviet era (1918–1991)Edit

During World War II, Akmolinsk served as a route for the transport of engineering tools and equipment from evacuated plants in the Ukrainian SSR, Byelorussian SSR, and Russian SFSR located in the oblasts of the Kazakh SSR. Local industries were appointed to respond to war needs, assisting the country to provide the battle and home fronts with all materials needed. In the post-war years, Akmolinsk became a beacon of economic revival in the west of the Soviet Union ruined by the war. Additionally, many Russian-Germans were resettled here after being deported under Joseph Stalin’s rule.[29]

In 1954, Northern Kazakh SSR oblasts became a territory of the Virgin Lands Campaign, in order to turn the region into a second grain producer for the Soviet Union.[30][31] In December 1960, Central Committee made a resolution to create the Tselinniy Krai, which comprised five regions of the Northern Kazakh SSR oblasts.[32] Akmolinsk Oblast was ceased to exist as a separate administrative entity.[32] Its districts were directly subordinated to the new krai administration, and Akmolinsk became the krai capital, as well as the administrative seat of the new Virgin Lands economic region.[32] On 14 March 1961, Khrushchev suggested the city should have a name corresponding to its role in the Virgin Lands Campaign.[33] On 20 March 1961, the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR renamed Akmolinsk Tselinograd.[33] On 24 April 1961, the region was reconstituted as Tselinograd Oblast.[32] In the 1960s, Tselinograd was completely transformed. In 1963, work on the first three new high-rise housing districts began.[34] In addition, the city received a number of new monumental public buildings, including the Virgin Lands Palace, a Palace of Youth, a House of Soviets, a new airport, and several sports venues.[35] In 1971, the Tselinniy Krai was abolished and Tselinograd became the centre of the oblast.[citation needed]

Contemporary era (1991–present)Edit

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the consequent independence of Kazakhstan, the city’s original name was restored in the modified form Akmola.[2] On 6 July 1994, the Supreme Council of Kazakhstan adopted the decree «On the transfer of the capital of Kazakhstan».[36] After the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Akmola on 10 December 1997, the city was consequently renamed Astana in 1998.[37] On 10 June 1998, Astana was presented as the capital internationally.[38] Due to several determined advantages, Astana was chosen as the capital: large urban areas, favorable geographical position, proximity to the major economic centers of the region, considerable demographic capacity, good transportation facilities, and a relatively favorable climate.[39] On 16 July 1999, Astana was awarded the medal and title of the City of Peace by UNESCO.[36]

In March 2019, the Kazakhstani government renamed the city Nur-Sultan to honour the country’s outgoing long-term authoritarian president, Nursultan Nazarbayev.[40] In September 2022, after a number of controversies and unrest resulting in Nazarbayev’s resignation from the Security Council of Kazakhstan, the name of the capital was changed back to Astana.[41]

GeographyEdit

Satellite image of Astana and vicinities

Astana is almost 1,000 km (620 mi) from the country’s largest city and former capital, Almaty. The nearest big cities are Karaganda (200 km [120 mi]) and Omsk in Russia (450 km [280 mi]).[42]

TopographyEdit

Astana is located in central Kazakhstan on the Ishim River in a very flat, semi-arid steppe region which covers most of the country’s territory. It is at 51° 10′ north latitude and 71° 26′ east longitude. The city encompasses 722.0 square kilometres (278.8 sq mi). The elevation of Astana is 347 metres (1,138 ft) above sea level. Astana is in a spacious steppe landscape, in the transitional area between the north of Kazakhstan and the extremely thinly settled national centre, because of the Ishim River. The older boroughs lie north of the river, whilst the new boroughs are located south of the Ishim.[42]

TimeEdit

The time offset from the UTC used by Astana is 6 hours ahead of UTC, or UTC+6:00. This is also used by most of Kazakhstan and Almaty.[42]

ClimateEdit

Astana is the second-coldest national capital in the world after Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, a position formerly held by Canada’s capital, Ottawa, until Astana attained capital city status in 1997.[43][44] Astana has an extreme continental climate with warm summers (featuring occasional brief rain showers) and long, very cold, dry winters. Summer temperatures occasionally reach 35 °C (95 °F) while −30 to −35 °C (−22 to −31 °F) is not unusual between mid-December and early March. Typically, the city’s river is frozen over between the second week of November and the beginning of April. Astana has a well-deserved reputation among Kazakhs for its frequent high winds, the effects of which are felt particularly strongly on the fast-developing but relatively exposed Left Bank area of the city.

Overall, Astana has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).[45] The average annual temperature in Astana is 3.5 °C (38.3 °F). January is the coldest month with an average temperature of −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) and record lowest is in January 1893’s cold wave reaching temperatures down to −51.6 °C (−60.9 °F).[46] July is the hottest month with an average temperature of 20.6 °C (69.1 °F).[46]

Climate data for Astana (1991–2020, extremes 1881–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		22.1
(71.8) 		29.7
(85.5) 		36.1
(97.0) 		40.1
(104.2) 		41.6
(106.9) 		38.7
(101.7) 		36.2
(97.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		18.5
(65.3) 		5.2
(41.4) 		41.6
(106.9)
Average high °C (°F) −10.3
(13.5) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		12.2
(54.0) 		20.9
(69.6) 		25.8
(78.4) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.5
(77.9) 		18.9
(66.0) 		10.4
(50.7) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		9.2
(48.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.5
(5.9) 		−13.6
(7.5) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		6.5
(43.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		19.1
(66.4) 		12.6
(54.7) 		5.0
(41.0) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		3.9
(39.0)
Average low °C (°F) −18.7
(−1.7) 		−18.0
(−0.4) 		−10.4
(13.3) 		1.2
(34.2) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.4
(56.1) 		14.9
(58.8) 		13.0
(55.4) 		6.8
(44.2) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−16.0
(3.2) 		−1.2
(29.8)
Record low °C (°F) −51.6
(−60.9) 		−48.9
(−56.0) 		−37.2
(−35.0) 		−27.8
(−18.0) 		−10.8
(12.6) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		−25.3
(−13.5) 		−39.2
(−38.6) 		−43.5
(−46.3) 		−51.6
(−60.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18
(0.7) 		17
(0.7) 		20
(0.8) 		22
(0.9) 		33
(1.3) 		40
(1.6) 		56
(2.2) 		31
(1.2) 		21
(0.8) 		26
(1.0) 		29
(1.1) 		25
(1.0) 		338
(13.3)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 19
(7.5) 		23
(9.1) 		19
(7.5) 		1
(0.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		4
(1.6) 		13
(5.1) 		23
(9.1)
Average rainy days 2 2 5 9 15 13 15 13 12 10 7 3 106
Average snowy days 25 23 19 6 1 0.1 0 0 1 7 18 24 124
Average relative humidity (%) 78 77 79 64 54 53 59 57 59 68 80 79 67
Mean monthly sunshine hours 103 147 192 238 301 336 336 294 230 136 100 94 2,507
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[46]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[47]

DemographicsEdit

Historical population

Year Pop. ±%
1989 281,252 —    
1999 326,900 +16.2%
2002 493,100 +50.8%
2010 649,139 +31.6%
2016 872,655 +34.4%
2020 1,136,008 +30.2%

PopulationEdit

As of January 2020, the population of Astana is 1,136,008;[4] over double the 2002 population of 493,000.[48]

As of 2018, ethnic Kazakhs made up 80.6% of the city population, representing a significant increase from only 17% at the time of the country’s independence.[49]

Ethnic groups (2020):[50]

  • Kazakh: 79.1%
  • Russian: 12.85%
  • Ukrainian: 1.32%
  • Tatar: 1.08%
  • Uzbek: 0.96%
  • Others: 4.65%

In 1989, Tselinograd had a population of 281,000. The ethnic mix was about 17.7% Kazakh, 54.1% Russian and 28.2% other ethnic groups.[51]

By 2007, Astana’s population had more than doubled since becoming the capital, to over 600,000, and it topped 1 million in 2017. Migrant workers—legal and illegal—have been attracted from across Kazakhstan and neighbouring states such as Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, and Astana is a magnet for young professionals seeking to build a career.[52]

ReligionEdit

Islam is the predominant religion of the city. Other religions practiced are Christianity (primarily Russian Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and Protestantism), Judaism, and Buddhism.[53]

The Palace of Peace and Reconciliation was specially constructed in 2006 to host the Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions. It contains accommodations for different religions: Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism and other faiths.

Central Asia’s largest mosque is found in Astana.[54]

Metropolitan areaEdit

The metropolitan area centered upon Astana includes the Arshaly, Shortandy, Tselinograd and (partially) Akkol districts of Akmola Region. The area contains 1.2 million people.[5]

EconomyEdit

Astana’s economy is based on trade, industrial production, transport, communication and construction. The city’s industrial production is mainly focused on producing building materials, foodstuff and mechanical engineering.

Astana is the leader in the CIS region on Global Financial Centers Index rank in 2022.[55]

The Astana International Financial Center (AIFC) opened in July 2018 to become a hub for financial services in Central Asia.[56]

Astana is the headquarters of state-owned corporations such as Samruk-Kazyna, Kazakhstan Temir Zholy, KazMunayGas, KazTransOil, Kazatomprom, KEGOC, Kazpost and Kazakhtelecom.

The shift of the capital has given it a powerful boost to Astana’s economic development. The city’s high economic growth rate has attracted numerous investors. In the 16 years since Astana became the capital, the volume of investments has increased by almost 30 times, the gross regional product has increased by 90 times,[57] and industrial output has increased by 11 times. The city’s Gross Regional Product makes up about 8.5 per cent of the republic’s Gross domestic product.[58]

The Astana – New City special economic zone was established in 2001 to help develop industry and increase the attractiveness of the city to investors.[59] The SEZ plans to commission five projects worth 20 billion KZT (around $108 million) in the Industrial Park No. 1 in 2015.[59] The projects include construction of a plant for production of diesel engines, a fast food complex, temporary storage warehouses and a business center, a furniture factory, and production of military and civil engineering machinery.[59] The new Astana International Financial Centre opened in July 2018.

Astana’s administration is promoting the development of small and medium-sized businesses through the cooperation of the Sovereign Welfare Fund Samruk-Kazyna and National Economic Chamber. Support is provided by a special programme of crediting.[60] As a result, the number of small and medium-sized businesses increased by 13.7% to over 96,000 compared to the previous year as of 1 July 2015.[61] In addition, the number of people employed in small and medium-sized business increased by 17.8% to over 234,000 people as of 1 April 2015.[61]

Astana was included in the list of top 21 intelligent communities of the world, according to the report released by the Intelligent Community Forum in October 2016. The rating list includes the cities, regions and communities which use digital instruments for the construction of local economy and society.[62]

In 2018, Astana attracted more than three trillion tenge (US$7.91 billion) in foreign direct investment, a record amount for the city. The growth was achieved due to a large number of construction projects.[63]

Tourism becomes one of the factors that drive economic growth in the city. Astana is among the top ten most attractive tourist cities in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).[64]

Diplomacy platformEdit

Astana has become a platform for high-profile diplomatic talks and summits on critical global issues. Astana has hosted multiple rounds of talks between the Syrian Arab Republic government led by Bashar al-Assad and Syrian opposition.[65] The 12th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was originally scheduled to take place in June 2020 in then Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2020, WTO members discussed Kazakhstan’s offer to reschedule the conference to June 2021 but postponed taking a decision due to the ongoing pandemic. In April 2021, members agreed that MC12 would take place in Geneva from 30 November to 3 December.[66] Since 2003, Astana has hosted the Congress on World and Traditional Religions, which is a diverse gathering of religious leaders to discuss religious harmony and ending terrorism and extremism.[67]

CityscapeEdit

The National Concert hall

Astana is subdivided into four districts. Almaty District was created on 6 May 1998 by presidential decree. The district’s territory encompasses an area of 21,054 hectares (52,030 acres; 81.29 square miles) with a population of 375,938 people. The district has five villages. Yesil District, which is also called left bank of the city, was created on 5 August 2008 by presidential decree. The district’s territory encompasses an area of 31,179 ha (77,040 acres; 120.38 sq mi) with a population of 119,929 people. Saryarka District was created on 6 May 1998 by presidential decree. The district’s territory encompasses an area of 19,202 ha (47,450 acres; 74.14 sq mi) with a population of 339,286 people. Baykonyr District was created on 16 March 2018 by presidential decree. The district’s territory encompasses an area of 18,129 ha (44,800 acres; 70.00 sq mi) with a population of 233 351 people.

In April 1998, the Government of Kazakhstan asked architects and urban planners of international renown to participate in a design competition for the new capital. On 6 October 1998, Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa was awarded the First Prize.[68] Kurokawa’s proposal aimed to preserve and redevelop the existing city, and create a new city at the south and the east sides of the Ishim River, enabling the Symbiosis of the History and the Future.[68]

North of the railway line, which crosses Astana in an east–west direction, are industrial and poorer residential areas. Between the railway line and the Ishim river is the city centre, where at present intense building activity is occurring. To the west and east are more elevated residential areas with parks and the new area of government administration to the south of the Ishim River. Here many large building projects are under way; for example, the construction of a diplomatic quarter, and government buildings. By 2030, these quarters are to be completed. Astana’s chief planner, Vladimir Laptev, wants to build a Berlin in a Eurasian style. He has stated that a purely administrative capital such as Canberra is not one of his goals.

Panoramic view of the governmental headquarters

SportEdit

The city has a variety of sports teams. The major association football team is the FC Astana of the Kazakhstan Premier League. Founded in 2009, the FC Astana won six league titles, three Kazakh Cups and five Kazakh Super Cups.[69] Their home stadium is the Astana Arena, which also serves as a home for the Kazakhstan national football team and the FC Bayterek. The FC Bayterek is a member of the Kazakhstan First Division. They were founded in 2012, to develop youth football.[70] The FC Astana-1964 is based in the Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium and plays in the Astana Municipal Football League. The club’s most successful years were 2000s, when they won 3 league titles.

Astana is home to several professional ice hockey teams. The Barys Astana, a founding member of the Kontinental Hockey League in 2008 and based in the Barys Arena.[71] The Nomad Astana and HC Astana play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship. The Snezhnye Barsy of the Junior Hockey League is a junior team of the Barys Astana.[72] Astana annually hosts the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan’s Cup ice hockey tournament.[73]

The Astana Pro Team, founded in 2007, participates in the UCI World Tour.[74] The team is one of the most successful road cycling teams of recent years, winning several grand tours. The BC Astana of the VTB United League and the Kazakhstan Basketball League is the only professional basketball team in Astana.[75] It is the most successful basketball team in Kazakhstan with three Kazakhstan Basketball League titles and four Kazakhstan Basketball Cups.[75] Its home arena is the Saryarka Velodrome, which is mainly used for track cycling events.[75] The Saryarka Velodrome hosted the UCI Track Cycling World Cup stage in 2011.[76] The Astana Presidential Sports Club was founded in 2012, to combine the main sports teams in Astana.[77] The organization is supported by Sovereign Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna.[78] The 2011 Asian Winter Games were partly held in the capital. The Alau Ice Palace, hosted the 2015 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships.[79] The President’s Cup tennis tournament is annually held at the Daulet National Tennis Centre.[80]

The martial art palace was opened on 6 July 2019.[81] Sports facilities for five thousand spectators can take part in international competitions in boxing, wrestling, judo, weightlifting, and other Olympic and non-Olympic disciplines. The palace has a 25-meter pool, fitness and wrestling rooms, a football field, as well as a comfortable hotel. The object will be made available to the pupils of the sports school.

EducationEdit

Kazakh National University of Arts

Astana has many universities and junior colleges. as of the 2013/2014 academic year, Astana had a total enrollment of 53,561 students in its 14 higher educational institutions, a 10% increase from the prior year.[82] The L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University is the biggest university in Astana with 16,558 students and 1,678 academic staff.[83] It was founded as the result of merging the Akmola Civil Engineering Institute with the Akmola Pedagogical Institute on 23 May 1996.[84] The oldest university in Astana is the S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University founded in 1957.[85] Nazarbayev University is an autonomous research university founded in 2010 in partnership with some of the world’s top universities.[86] The Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade is an economic institution in Astana.[87] The Kazakh Humanities and Law Institute is a law university founded by initiative of Ministry of Justice in 1994.[88] The Astana Medical University was the only medical school in Astana until the opening of the School of Medecine at Nazarbayev University in 2014.[89] The Kazakh National University of Arts is the premier music school and has provided Astana with highly qualified professional specialists in the field of Arts.[90]

Astana schools enrolls about 103,000 students across 83 schools, including 71 state schools and 12 private schools.[91][92] The Miras International School, established 1999, was the first private high school established in Astana.[93] The Haileybury Astana school was established in 2011, as a branch of the Haileybury and Imperial Service College, an independent school in The United Kingdom. The Astana Kazakh-Turkish High Schools are run by the International KATEV foundation. There are Kazakh-Turkish High Boarding Schools for gifted boys and girls, separately and the Nurorda International School.[94] Astana hosts two Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools (NIS), including the School of Physics and Mathematics and International Baccalaureate world school.[95] The QSI International School of Astana is an international school that provides an American curriculum to its students. The school is a branch of the Quality Schools International that started in the Middle East.[96]

TransportationEdit

City transportEdit

The city transport in Astana consists of buses and taxis. Over 720,000 people use public transport daily.[97] There are over 60 bus lines served by more than 1000 vehicles, with over 3000 people working in the public transport sector.[98] Just like buses, share taxis have their own predefined routes and work on a shared basis. There are three share taxi routes in total.[99]

Trolleybus routes were opened in 1983. There were originally 3 routes, however, by 2006, only one route was left. In 2008, the only trolleybus fleet by the special state commission was declared unprofitable due to debts to the energy supply company and as a result, it was completely closed.

In 2011, the Akimat of Astana established a company to implement a series of changes and programmes in the metropolis known as the «New transport system of Astana».[100] As part of these programmes, bus rapid transit (BRT) lines were opened. That same year, the construction of a light rail (LRT) was to begin. It was planned that the first stage of construction of a 16.4-kilometer line, which would’ve included nine stations, was planned to be completed by 1 December 2013. However, as of May 2020, construction has not started. In November 2013, President Nursultan Nazarbayev condemned the construction of LRT because of the high cost. In exchange, there was a promise to launch high-speed buses. Despite the controversy, the construction of the LRT began in 2017 with the flyovers along to which the trains will pass. The opening is planned for the end of 2020.

The bicycle-sharing program AstanaBike has been operating in Astana since 2014. In 2017, the system consisted of 40 stations with 1000 bicycles. The registration in the system for a season costs 5000 tenge ($28), plus a deposit for an RFID card ($5.50), the first half-hour of bike rental is free, the next hour is 100 tenge ($0.55). After more than 4 hours, the rent costs 1000 tenge.

AirEdit

Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport (IATA: NQZ, ICAO: UACC), located 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the city center, is the main gateway for the city’s domestic and international civilian air traffic.[101] It is the second-busiest airport in Kazakhstan, with 2,960,181 passengers passing through it in 2014.[102] The airport hosts 13 airlines operating regular passenger flights inside the country and internationally.[103] Air Astana maintains its second-largest hub at the airport.[104] An expected 50% increase in passenger traffic by 2017 has spurred the construction of a new terminal with an area of about 40,000 square metres (430,000 sq ft).[105][106]

Railway and roadsEdit

Astana is located in the centre of the country, serving as a well-positioned transport node for rail and automotive networks.[107]

Astana railway station is the city’s main railway station and serves approximately 7,000 people each day. A new railway station, Nurly Zhol was built during the Expo 2017 event with a customer capacity of 12,000. Tulpar Talgo is a daily express train to Almaty.[108] Short-term plans include the construction of a new railway station in the industrial district; in the vicinity of CHPP-3 a new terminal will be erected for freight cars.[109]

M-36 Chelyabinsk-Almaty and A-343 Astana-Petropavlovsk highways are routed through the city. The strategic geographical positioning of Astana allows the city to serve as a transport and reload centre for cargoes formed at adjacent stations in the area.[citation needed]

River transportEdit

Since 2008, navigation on the Esil River has been organized within the city. The Akimat of the city in the framework of the implementation of the «Shipping Esil» program created a specialized enterprise GKKP «Esil-Astana».

Expo 2017Edit

On 1 July 2010, at the 153rd General Assembly of Bureau International des Expositions held in Paris, representatives from then-Astana presented the city’s bid to host the Specialised Expo 2017.[110][111][112] The Kazakh concept for this exhibition relates to the impact of energy on society in the modern world. The theme of the Astana Expo was «Future Energy».[113]

Expo 2017 opened to much fanfare on 10 June 2017, with heads of state from 17 nations in attendance. It is the first world’s fair to be held in Central Asia and its central pavilion, Nur Alem, is the largest spherical building in the world. The two-millionth visitor was registered on 7 August. More than 4 million people attended the event.

SightseeingEdit

  • Akorda is the residence of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Astana Grand Mosque — the largest mosque in Central Asia, completed in 2022.[54]
  • Baiterek is the main attraction and symbol of Astana
  • «Ethnoaul National Cultural Complex» – a unique cultural, tourist and image project for Expo 2017.
    Ethnoaul is a real opportunity to travel to the past and feel like a real nomad, to feel the atmosphere of centuries past. The national-cultural complex will acquaint visitors with the rich history, culture, art and traditions of the Kazakh people, where anyone who is interested will be transferred to the ethno-cultural environment of the nomadic civilization and fully enjoy the daily and festive life of the aul
  • Gate of Eternal Land [kk] is a landmark architectural structure, erected in honour of the anniversary of independence of Kazakhstan on the idea of Nursultan Nazarbayev.
  • Independence Palace – a building designed for diplomatic and other events of international level; the building also has a large-scale layout plan of Astana with existing and future facilities
  • «Jastar» – the Palace of creativity of schoolchildren and youth
  • Kazakh Eli – («The Country of Kazakhs») – a monument on Independence Square. The 91-meter stele is crowned with the Samruk bird (Samұryқ, Simurg) – the king of all birds, the keeper of the peoples. The mythological image of Samruk also includes the second important monument of Kazakhstan – «Baiterek», in the translation «Tree of Life», under which the king of birds sits and spreads seeds on the ground from the flapping of wings
  • «Kazakhstan» – Central Concert Hall
  • Khan Shatyr is the largest shopping and entertainment center (considered the largest tent in the world). Architect Norman Foster
  • Kazakhstan Pavilion of Expo 2017
    • Kazakhstan Pavilion and Science Museum «Nur Alem» is the tallest building with a spherical shape, 30 meters in diameter, than the Ericsson-Glob Arena in Stockholm.
    • National Space Center Future Energy Museum «Nur Alem» EXPO 2017 – the spherical building «Nur Alem» (Kaz. Shining World). Its height is 100 meters and its diameter is 80 meters.
  • Nurjol Boulevard (formerly Water-Green Boulevard) is a recreational pedestrian zone with an Alley of Singing Fountains
  • Palace of Peace and Reconciliation is the Congress Hall, designed for summits and congresses of representatives of traditional Kazakhstan and world religions. Architect Norman Foster
  • Shabyt Palace – Kazakh National University of Arts.

Theaters, concert halls, and museumsEdit

There are 27 libraries in Astana, whose services in 2011 were used by 153 people for every thousand residents, 8 state museums, which were visited by 415,500 people in 2011 and which conducted 68,514 excursions, 10 recreation parks, in 2011 1492.2 thousand visitors were received and 99 events, 6 state museums and 6 cinemas were held.

  • The Central Concert Hall Kazakhstan is a unique complex of the young capital designed for events of various levels: concerts of world and domestic stars, celebrations and official meetings, exhibitions, conferences, presentations. Architect Manfredi Nicoletti
  • Astana Circus is an entertaining circus institution in the city of Nur Sultan. One of the three main circuses of Kazakhstan; in the territory of the former USSR, one of the newest circuses and one of two unique circus buildings in the form of a «flying saucer» (along with the Kazan circus).
  • The National Opera and Ballet Theater named after K. Baiseitova is the youngest musical theater in the country, the bearer of the traditions of the Kazakh and world musical culture, comprehending the classical heritage and realizing the spiritual needs of the renewed Kazakhstani society.
  • Astana Opera is a theater founded by the initiative of the first president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. The theater building, built in 2013, this Parthenon-styled edifice is one of the cultural centers of the city, staging both classical and original works,[114] is recognized as an architectural monument of national importance.
  • Kazakh Music and Drama Theater named after K. Kuanyshbaev
  • State Academic Russian Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky
  • The National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the largest museum in Central Asia. The museum was created on behalf of the first president of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. *Nazarbayev in the framework of the State program «Cultural Heritage»
  • Modern Art Museum
  • Presidential Center of Culture – created on the initiative of the head of state N. Nazarbayev. The uniqueness of the research, cultural and educational complex of the capital is that its structure includes a museum, a library, a concert hall.
  • ALZhIR (Akmola camp of wives of traitors to the motherland) – the largest Soviet women’s camp, one of the three «islands» of the «Gulag Archipelago»
  • Atameken is an ethno-memorial complex of nature, architecture and life on a large-scale map of Kazakhstan.
  • Museum of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
  • Memorial complex of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (in honor of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War in the capital).
  • Museum of The Future (Nur-Alem Pavilion) – is more than just a monument of EXPO2017. The museum exhibition is all about the energy of the future. You can learn everything there is to know about renewable, green, and solar-powered energy sources, as well as see a model of the city proposed for 2050.[115]

Twin towns – sister citiesEdit

Astana is twinned with:[116]

  •   Amman, Jordan (2005)
  •   Ankara, Turkey (2001)
  •   Ashgabat, Turkmenistan (2017)[117]
  •   Bangkok, Thailand (2004)
  •   Beijing, China (2006)
  •   Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (2011)
  •   Damascus, Syria
  •   Gdańsk, Poland (1996)
  •   Hanoi, Vietnam (2009)
  •   Islamabad, Pakistan
  •   Kazan, Russia (2004)
  •   Kyiv, Ukraine (1998)
  •   Manila, Philippines[118]
  •   Moscow, Russia
  •   Nice, France (2013)
  •   Oulu, Finland (2013)
  •   Putrajaya, Malaysia
  •   Riga, Latvia (1998)
  •   Saint Petersburg, Russia (1996)
  •   Seoul, South Korea (2004)
  •   Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  •   Tbilisi, Georgia (1996)
  •   Ufa, Russia (2010)
  •   Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (2019)[119]
  •   Uşak, Turkey
  •   Vilnius, Lithuania
  •   Warsaw, Poland (2002)

Friendly citiesEdit

Astana also cooperates with:[116]

  •   Baku, Azerbaijan
  •   Berlin, Germany
  •   Bucharest, Romania
  •   Budapest, Hungary
  •   Cairo, Egypt
  •   Chelyabinsk, Russia
  •   Chișinău, Moldova
  •   Kurgan, Russia
  •   Kursk, Russia
  •   Minsk, Belarus
  •   Omsk, Russia
  •   Penza, Russia
  •   Saratov, Russia
  •   Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
  •   Tomsk, Russia
  •   Ürümqi, China

Smart city initiativeEdit

The Smart Astana project is an initiative developed by the then-Astana city administration that incorporates technology-driven solutions in various sectors, like hospitals, schools, the ticket booking system and street lighting.[120] These projects run on an interconnected application, the Smart Astana.[120]

Astana’s smart city sector includes the annual Astana Innovations Challenge, designed to bring attention to the smart city concept.[121] In addition, the world’s first smart sustainable city acceleration hub is set to open in Astana. This hub was planned to integrate from 10 to 15 startup solutions into the infrastructure of Kazakhstan.[121]

See alsoEdit

  • List of people from Astana

FootnotesEdit

  1. ^ , also , ;[9][10][11][12] Kazakh pronunciation: [ɑstɑnɑ] ( listen), Kazakh: Астана

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

  • Pospelov, Evgeni M. (1993). Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь [City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary]. Русские словари.
  • Kozlov, Denis; Gilburd, Eleonory (2013). The Thaw: Soviet Society and Culture during the 1950s and 1960s. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442644601.
  • Khrushchev, Sergei (2010). Никита Хрущев. Реформатор Никита Хрущев. Реформатор [Nikita Khrushchev. Reformer]. Время. ISBN 9785969105331.
  • Mallone, Laura (23 September 2016). «The Eccentric Autocrat Who Spent Billions Inventing A City». Wired.
  • Whyte, Andy (2000). Kisho Kurokawa, Architect and Associates: Selected and Current Works. Images Publishing. ISBN 9781864700190.
  • Vale, Lawrence (2014). Architecture, Power and National Identity. Routledge. ISBN 9781134729210.

External linksEdit

  • Official website  
  • Official website of the BIE
  • Expo 2017 Astana-Kazakhstan
Источник

  • 1
    Астана

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Астана

  • 2
    Астана

    Русско-английский географический словарь > Астана

  • 3
    Астана

    Новый русско-английский словарь > Астана

  • 4
    Астана

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > Астана

  • 5
    Астана

    Американизмы. Русско-английский словарь. > Астана

  • 6
    Астана

    Русско-английский синонимический словарь > Астана

  • 7
    Астана Финанс

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Астана Финанс

  • 8
    Международный аэропорт г. Астана

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Международный аэропорт г. Астана

  • 9
    Национальный Медицинский Холдинг

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Национальный Медицинский Холдинг

См. также в других словарях:

  • Астана-64 — Полное название Футбольный клуб «Астана 64» Прозвища желто синие …   Википедия

  • Астана — (до 1961 г. Акмолинск, в 1961–92 гг. Целиноград, в 1992–98 гг. Акмола), столица Казахстана, на правом берегу р. Ишим при впадении в неё р. Ащилы озек. 313 тыс. жителей (1999). Казачья станица Акмола (Белая Могила, или Акмолинский приказ) возникла …   Географическая энциклопедия

  • Астана — (до 1961 Акмолинск, в 1961 1992  Целиноград, в 1992 1998  Акмола), столица Казахстана (с декабря 1997), центр Акмолинской области, на реке Ишим. Железнодорожный узел 280 тыс. жителей (1995). Машиностроение и металлообработка (заводы:… …   Энциклопедический словарь

  • астана — сущ., кол во синонимов: 5 • акмола (4) • акмолинск (4) • город (2765) • …   Словарь синонимов

  • Астана — іменник жіночого роду столиця Казахстану …   Орфографічний словник української мови

  • Астана — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Астана (значения). Город, столица Казахстана Астана каз. Астана …   Википедия

  • Астана финанс — АО «Астана Финанс» Тип Акционерное общество Лицензия лицензии возвращены добровольно 2009 Деятельность Все виды финансовой деятельности Девиз …   Википедия

  • Астана (значения) — Астана: Астана  столица Казахстана. Астана в Сибири место захоронения или местность, где ранее находился мавзолей исламского миссионера или местного мученика за веру. «Астана»  казахстанский аэропорт. «Астана»  казахстанско… …   Википедия

  • Астана (баскетбольный клуб) — Астана Основан 2000 Город Астана …   Википедия

  • Астана Арена (Астана) — Эта страница была удалена. Для справки ниже показаны соответствующие записи из журналов удалений и переименований. 05:40, 7 мая 2010 Torin (обсуждение | вклад) удалил «Астана Арена (Астана)» ‎ (П3: перенаправление с грубой ошибкой: {{уд… …   Википедия

  • Астана Парк Отель — (Астана,Казахстан) Категория отеля: Адрес: Туран Проспект 2, 010000 Астана, Казах …   Каталог отелей

Представлено сочинение на английском языке Астана/ Astana с переводом на русский язык.

Astana Астана
Today Astana is not only the capital of Kazakhstan but also one of the most beautiful Asian cities. Formerly, it was a small town known as Akmola, which served as a Russian fortification. The location for the town was chosen as a strategic point and a caravans’ route. For a long time the town was famous for its fairs and trade connections. People from all corners of Central Asia travelled there to buy and sell the goods. Сегодня Астана является не только столицей Казахстана, но и одним из красивейших городов Азии. Раньше это был небольшой город, известный как Акмола, который служил русской фортификацией. Место для города было выбрано как стратегический пункт и путь для караванов. В течение долгого времени город славился своими ярмарками и торговыми связями. Люди со всех уголков Центральной Азии отправлялись туда за покупкой и продажей товаров.
Being situated on the banks of scenic Ishim River, Astana attracts thousands of visitors each year. Today it is a rapidly growing modern city. It is full of magnificent attractions, educational institutions, hotels, office buildings and other commercial structures. It boasts well-developed transport infrastructure and rather favourable environment. Располагаясь на берегу живописной реки Ишим, Астана ежегодно привлекает тысячи посетителей. Сегодня это быстро растущий современный город. Он полон великолепных достопримечательностей, учебных заведений, гостиниц, офисных зданий и других коммерческих строений. Он может похвастаться хорошо развитой транспортной инфраструктурой и весьма благоприятными условиями.
The population of the city is a bit over 800, 000 people. The sights of the city are especially attractive. Among them, the Bayterek Tower, the Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center, the Nur Astana Mosque and many other picturesque attractions. The Bayterek Tower is especially important for local residents. It’s the symbol of happiness and prosperity. In fact, it accommodates the art gallery, the restaurant and the aquarium. Население города составляет чуть более 800, 000 человек. Достопримечательности города особенно привлекательны. Среди них, башня Байтерек, Хан Шатыр, мечеть Нур Астана и многие другие живописные места. Башня Байтерек особенно важна для местных жителей. Это символ счастья и процветания. На самом деле, она вмещает художественную галерею, ресторан и аквариум.
Generally speaking, the inhabitants of Astana are considered to be very friendly and magnanimous. That’s another reason to visit this welcoming south capital. В целом, жители Астаны считаются очень дружелюбными и великодушными. Это еще одна причина, из-за которой следует посетить эту радушную южную столицу.
Its present name the city got in 1998, when the President of the country decided to rename it. The summers in the city are hot and dry, while the winters are frosty and long. It goes without saying that all governmental organizations and large business centers of Kazakhstan are now placed there. Each year the city hosts numerous diplomatic and industrial meetings. Свое нынешнее название город получил в 1998-м году, когда президент страны решил переименовать его. Лето в городе жаркое и сухое, а зима морозная и долгая. Само собой разумеется, что все правительственные организации и крупные бизнес-центры Казахстана теперь находятся там. Каждый год в городе проходит множество дипломатических и промышленных встреч.

Здесь Вы найдете слово Казахстан на английском языке. Надеемся, это поможет Вам улучшить свой английский язык.

Вот как будет Казахстан по-английски:

Казахстан на всех языках

Другие слова рядом со словом Казахстан

Цитирование

«Казахстан по-английски.» In Different Languages, https://www.indifferentlanguages.com/ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8.

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astana

Транскрипция и произношение слова «astana» в британском и американском вариантах. Подробный перевод и примеры.

GSgen.RUинструменты веб-разработчика

Источник

В данной статье опубликован список городов Казахстана с переводом или транслитерацией, одобренной посольством США для анкеты DS-160 на неиммиграционную визу в США, формы DS-260 и других. Список правильного перевода городов для других стран по ссылкам здесь: Россия, Украина, Беларусь.

Для удобства поиска нужного города или области Казахстана, список расположен в алфавитном порядке. Либо можете воспользоваться браузерным поиском: нажмите одновременно на клавиатуре 2 клавиши «Ctrl и F», откроется окно с поиском, где указываете нужный город Казахстана для которого требуется найти перевод на английский язык для анкеты на визу в США или для американского посольства.

Города Казахстана на английском языке для анкеты на визу в США

Ниже список городов Казахстана по английски, как требуется указать в анкетах и формах на визу США, Грин Карту и прочих, например как правильно перевести и написать казахский город для анкеты DS-160.

На заметку

Для посольства США в России указываете перевод казахских городов слева — с русскоязычного названия города Казахстана. Если же собираетесь подавать документы на визу для посольства США в Казахстане, то используете для перевода казахстанских городов на английский язык, колонку справа — перевод городов Казахстана с казахского языка.

Если собеседование планируется не в местном консульском отделе, а заграничном.. к примеру, не в посольстве США в Нур-Султане, а в посольстве США в Италии или ином консульском отделе США за пределами Казахстана, то в названии региона указываете «Region» вместо «Oblysy».

Примеры,
Almaty oblysy — Almaty Region
Pavlodar oblysy — Pavlodar Region

А
Абай, Карагандинская область -> Abay, Karaganda Region | Абай, Қарағанды облысы -> Abay, Qaraghandy oblysy
Акколь, Акмолинская область -> Akkol, Akmola Region | Ақкөл, Ақмола облысы -> Akkol, Aqmola oblysy
Аксай, Западно-Казахстанская область -> Aksay, West Kazakhstan Region | Ақсай, Батыс Қазақстан облысы -> Aksay, Batys Qazaqstan oblysy
Аксу, Павлодарская область -> Aksu, Pavlodar Region | Ақсу, Павлодар облысы -> Aksu, Pavlodar oblysy
Актау, Мангистауская область -> Aktau, Mangystau Region | Ақтау, Маңғыстау облысы -> Aktau, Mangystau oblysy
Актобе, Актюбинская область -> Aktobe, Aktobe Region | Ақтөбе, Ақтөбе облысы -> Aqtobe, Aqtobe oblysy
Алга, Актюбинская область -> Alga, Aktobe Region | Алға, Ақтөбе облысы -> Alga, Aqtobe oblysy
Алма-Ата -> Alma-Ata | Алматы -> Almaty
Аральск, Кызылординская область -> Aralsk, Kyzylorda Region | Арал, Қызылорда облысы -> Aral, Qyzylorda oblysy
Аркалык, Костанайская область -> Arkalyk, Kostanay Region | Арқалық, Қостанай облысы -> Arqalıq, Qostanai oblysy
Арыс, Южно-Казахстанская область -> Arys, South Kazakhstan Region | Арыс, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Arys, Ontustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Астана -> Astana
Атбасар, Акмолинская область -> Atbasar, Akmola Region | Атбасар, Ақмола облысы -> Atbasar, Aqmola oblysy
Атырау, Атырауская область -> Atyrau, Atyrau Region | Атырау, Атырау облысы -> Atyray, Atyray oblysy
Аягоз, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Ayagoz, East Kazakhstan Region | Аягөз, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Aiagoz, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy

Б,Д,Е
Байконур -> Baikonur | Байқоңыр -> Baiqonyr
Балхаш, Карагандинская область -> Balkhash, Karaganda Region | Балқаш, Қарағанды облысы -> Balqash, Qaraghandy oblysy
Булаево, Северо-Казахстанская область -> Bulayevo, North Kazakhstan Region | Булаев, Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Bulayev, Soltustik Qazaqstan oblysy

Державинск, Акмолинская область -> Derzhavinsk, Akmola Region | Державинск, Ақмола облысы -> Derzhavinsk, Aqmola oblysy

Ерейментау, Акмолинская область -> Ereymentau, Akmola Region | Ерейментау, Ақмола облысы -> Ereymentau, Aqmola oblysy
Есик, Алматинская область -> Esik, Almaty Region | Есік, Алматы облысы -> Ecik, Almaty oblysy
Есиль, Акмолинская область -> Esil, Akmola Region | Есіл, Ақмола облысы -> Esil, Aqmola oblysy

Ж,З
Жанаозен, Мангистауская область -> Zhanaozen, Mangystau Region | Жаңаөзен, Маңғыстау облысы -> Janaozen, Mangystau oblysy
Жанатас, Жамбыльская область -> Zhanatas, Jambyl Region | Жаңатас, Жамбыл облысы -> Janatas, Jambyl oblysy
Жаркент, Алматинская область -> Zharkent, Almaty Region | Жаркент, Алматы облысы -> Jarkent, Almaty oblysy
Жезказган, Карагандинская область -> Zhezkazgan, Karaganda Region | Жезқазған, Қарағанды облысы -> Jezkazgan, Qaraghandy oblysy
Жем, Актюбинская область -> Zhem, Aktobe Region | Жем, Ақтөбе облысы -> Jem, Aqtobe oblysy
Жетысай, Южно-Казахстанская область -> Zhetisay, South Kazakhstan Region | Жетісай, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Jetisay, Ontustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Житикара, Костанайская область -> Zhetikara, Kostanay Region | Жітіқара, Қостанай облысы -> Zhitikara, Qostanai oblysy

Зайсан, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Zaisan, East Kazakhstan Region | Жайсан, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Zaysan, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy
Зыряновск, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Zyryanovsk, East Kazakhstan Region | Зырян, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Ziryan, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy

К
Казалинск, Кызылординская область -> Kazalinsk, Kyzylorda Region | Қазалы, Қызылорда облысы -> Kazaly, Qyzylorda oblysy
Кандыагаш, Актюбинская область -> Kandyagash, Aktobe Region | Қандыағаш, Ақтөбе облысы -> Kandyagash, Aqtobe oblysy
Капшагай, Алматинская область -> Kapshagai, Almaty Region | Қапшағай, Алматы облысы -> Kapshagay, Almaty oblysy
Караганда, Карагандинская область -> Karaganda, Karaganda Region | Қарағанды, Қарағанды облысы -> Qaraghandy, Qaraghandy oblysy
Каражал, Карагандинская область -> Karazhal, Karaganda Region | Қаражал, Қарағанды облысы -> Karazhal, Qaraghandy oblysy
Каратау, Жамбыльская область -> Karatau, Jambyl Region | Қаратау, Жамбыл облысы -> Qarataw, Jambyl oblysy
Каркаралинск, Карагандинская область -> Karkaralinsk, Karaganda Region | Қарқаралы, Қарағанды облысы -> Karkaraly, Qaraghandy oblysy
Кентау, Южно-Казахстанская область -> Kentau, South Kazakhstan Region | Кентау, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Kentaw, Ontustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Кокшетау, Акмолинская область -> Kokshetau, Akmola Region | Көкшетау, Ақмола облысы -> Kokshetau, Aqmola oblysy
Костанай, Костанайская область -> Kostanay, Kostanay Region | Қостанай, Қостанай облысы -> Qostanai, Qostanai oblysy
Курчатов, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Kurchatov, East Kazakhstan Region | Курчатов, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Kurchatov, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy
Кызылорда, Кызылординская область -> Kyzylorda, Kyzylorda Region | Қызылорда, Қызылорда облысы -> Qyzylorda, Qyzylorda oblysy

Л,М,П,Р
Ленгер, Южно-Казахстанская область -> Lenger, South Kazakhstan Region | Ленгер, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Lenger, Ontustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Лисаковск, Костанайская область -> Lisakovsk, Kostanay Region | Лисаковск, Қостанай облысы -> Lisakovsk, Qostanai oblysy

Макинск, Акмолинская область -> Makinsk, Akmola Region | Макинск, Ақмола облысы -> Makinsk, Aqmola oblysy
Мамлютка, Северо-Казахстанская область -> Mamlyutka, North Kazakhstan Region | Мамлют, Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Mamlyut, Soltustik Qazaqstan oblysy

Павлодар, Павлодарская область -> Pavlodar, Pavlodar Region | Павлодар, Павлодар облысы -> Pavlodar, Pavlodar oblysy
Петропавловск, Северо-Казахстанская область -> Petropavlovsk, North Kazakhstan Region | Петропавл, Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Petropavl, Soltustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Приозерск, Карагандинская область -> Priozersk, Karaganda Region | Приозерск, Қарағанды облысы -> Priozyorsk, Qaraghandy oblysy

Риддер, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Ridder, East Kazakhstan Region | Риддер, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Ridder, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy
Рудный, Костанайская область -> Rudny, Kostanay Region | Рудный, Қостанай облысы -> Rudnyy, Qostanai oblysy

С
Сарань, Карагандинская область -> Saran, Karaganda Region | Саран, Қарағанды облысы -> Saran, Qaraghandy oblysy
Сарканд, Алматинская область -> Sarkand, Almaty Region | Сарқан, Алматы облысы -> Sarkan, Almaty oblysy
Сарыагаш, Южно-Казахстанская область -> Saryagash, South Kazakhstan Region | Сарыағаш, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Saryagas, Ontustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Сатпаев, Карагандинская область -> Satpayev, Karaganda Region | Сәтбаев, Қарағанды облысы -> Satbayev, Qaraghandy oblysy
Семей, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Semey, East Kazakhstan Region | Семей, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Semei, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy
Сергеевка, Северо-Казахстанская область -> Sergeyevka, North Kazakhstan Region | Сергеев, Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Sergeyev, Soltustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Серебрянск, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Serebryansk, East Kazakhstan Region | Серебрянск, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Serebryansk, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy
Степногорск, Акмолинская область -> Stepnogorsk, Akmola Region | Степногор, Ақмола облысы -> Stepnogor, Aqmola oblysy
Степняк, Акмолинская область -> Stepnyak, Akmola Region | Степняк, Ақмола облысы -> Stepnyak, Aqmola oblysy

Т
Тайынша, Северо-Казахстанская область -> Taiynsha, North Kazakhstan Region | Тайынша, Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Taiynsha, Soltustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Талгар, Алматинская область -> Talgar, Almaty Region | Талғар, Алматы облысы -> Talgar, Almaty oblysy
Талдыкорган, Алматинская область -> Taldykorgan, Almaty Region | Талдықорған, Алматы облысы -> Taldiqorgan, Almaty oblysy
Тараз, Жамбыльская область -> Taraz, Jambyl Region | Тараз, Жамбыл облысы -> Taraz, Jambyl oblysy
Текели, Алматинская область -> Tekeli, Almaty Region | Текелі, Алматы облысы -> Tekeli, Almaty oblysy
Темир, Актюбинская область -> Temir, Aktobe Region | Темір, Ақтөбе облысы -> Temir, Aqtobe oblysy
Темиртау, Карагандинская область -> Temirtau, Karaganda Region | Теміртау, Қарағанды облысы -> Temirtaw, Qaraghandy oblysy
Туркестан, Южно-Казахстанская область -> Turkestan, South Kazakhstan Region | Түркістан, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Turkistan, Ontustik Qazaqstan oblysy

У,Х,Ч
Уральск, Западно-Казахстанская область -> Uralsk, West Kazakhstan Region | Орал, Батыс Қазақстан облысы -> Oral, Batys Qazaqstan oblysy
Усть-Каменогорск, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Ust-Kamenogorsk, East Kazakhstan Region | Өскемен, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Oskemen, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy
Ушарал, Алматинская область -> Usharal, Almaty Region | Үшарал, Алматы облысы -> Usharal, Almaty oblysy
Уштобе, Алматинская область -> Ushtobe, Almaty Region | Үштөбе, Алматы облысы -> Ushtobe, Almaty oblysy

Хромтау, Актюбинская область -> Khromtau, Aktobe Region | Хромтау, Ақтөбе облысы -> Xromtaw, Aqtobe oblysy

Чарск, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Charsk, East Kazakhstan Region | Шар, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Shar, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy

Ш,Щ,Э
Шалкар, Актюбинская область -> Shalkar, Aktobe Region | Шалқар, Ақтөбе облысы -> Shalkar, Aqtobe oblysy
Шардара, Южно-Казахстанская область -> Shardara, South Kazakhstan Region | Шардара, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Shardara, Ontustik Qazaqstan oblysy
Шахтинск, Карагандинская область -> Shakhtinsk, Karaganda Region | Шахтинск, Қарағанды облысы -> Shakhtinsk, Qaraghandy oblysy
Шемонаиха, Восточно-Казахстанская область -> Shemonaikha, East Kazakhstan Region | Шемонаиха, Шығыс Қазақстан облысы -> Shemonaikha, Sygys Qazaqstan oblysy
Шу, Жамбыльская область -> Shu, Jambyl Region | Шу, Жамбыл облысы -> Shu, Jambyl oblysy
Шымкент, Южно-Казахстанская область -> Shymkent, South Kazakhstan Region | Шымкент, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы -> Shymkent, Ontustik Qazaqstan oblysy

Щучинск, Акмолинская область -> Shchuchinsk, Akmola Region | Щучинск, Ақмола облысы -> Shchuchinsk, Aqmola oblysy

Экибастуз, Павлодарская область -> Ekibastuz, Pavlodar Region | Екібастұз, Павлодар облысы -> Ekibastuz, Pavlodar oblysy
Эмба, Актюбинская область -> Emba, Aktobe Region | Ембі, Ақтөбе облысы -> Embi, Aqtobe oblysy

Источник

Город Астана на транслите

Астана — Казахстан латинскими (английскими) буквами онлайн для анкеты или визы. Информация носит справочный характер. Документы могут заполнятся на транслите, английском или языке консульства. Детали уточняйте в визовом центре.

Город Астана на транслите (английскими буквами)

Регион или страна: Казахстан —
Kazakhstan

Пример транслитерации произвольного текста:

Любимов Денис Прохорович из г. Астана (Казахстан) — Liubimov Denis Prokhorovich iz g. Astana (Kazakhstan)

Регионы РФ и их административные столицы

Популярные страны и столицы

Этот сервис носит информационный характер. Ваши данные в анкете на визу (шенген) могут заполняться на транслите, английском или официальном языке консульства. Точный формат уточняйте в посольстве, консульстве или визовом центре. Данный скрипт помогает проверить написание улицы, города или страны на транслите (латинскими буквами).

Преобразование названия города, региона или улицы с русских букв на латинские или английские может пригодиться при покупках в зарубежных интернет магазинах. Это будет полезно, если у менеджера магазина не будет под рукой принтера или компьютера, который поддерживает кириллицу. В таком случае адрес, написанный русскими буквами, может напечататься кракозябрами.

Но с другой стороны, заграницей обычно люди не читают адреса на посылках. Им достотчно индекса и страны. А конкретный адрес читают наши почтальоны, которые приносят извещения с почты.

Источник


Перевод «Астана» на английский


Astana, Astana International Airport, Astana Team — самые популярные переводы слова «Астана» на английский.
Пример переведенного предложения: Астана — столица Казахстана. ↔ Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan.

Астана



proper
существительное женского рода


грамматика

Астана (аэропорт) [..]


  • the capital of Kazakhstan
    [..]

    Астана — столица Казахстана.

    Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan.

  • Astana International Airport

  • Astana Team

    • FC Astana

  • Glosbe

  • Google

  • Air Astana

В ноябре 2008 года стал лауреатом 5-го конкурса композиторов Казахстана патриотической песни «Елiм менiн» за песню «Астана» (за текст и музыку).

In November 2008 he became the winner of the 5th composer competition of Kazakhstan patriotic song «My Homeland» for the song «Astana«(for the text and music).

Именно для этих целей в Комитете по охране прав детей, в департаментах по защите прав детей областей, городов Алматы, Астаны действуют 211 телефонов доверия.

It is precisely for those purposes that 211 telephone hotlines are operated by the departments for the protection of children’s rights of the Committee for the Protection of Children’s Rights in the provinces and in the cities of Almaty and Astana.

Для широкого информирования населения о наличии этих служб по защите прав детей на четырех республиканских телеканалах «Хабар», «Казахстан», «Астана«, «Ел арна» осуществляется показ рекламных видеороликов.

To foster broad awareness of the availability of these services to protect children’s rights, four national television channels — Khabar, Kazakhstan, Astana and El Arna — are broadcasting public service videos.

Инициатива Астаны «Зеленый мост» была одобрена на шестой Конференции министров по окружающей среде и развитию Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона (КМОСР-6), проведенной Экономической и социальной комиссией для Азии и Тихого океана (ЭСКАТО) с 27 сентября по 2 октября 2010 года в Астане.

The Astana “Green Bridge” Initiative was approved at the sixth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development in Asia and the Pacific (MCED-6), organized by the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) in Astana from 27 September to 2 October 2010.

В частности, на территории бывшего СССР поезда серии Talgo 200 используются в Казахстане на ночном поезде Алма-Ата — Астана.

Talgo 200 series trains are also in use in Kazakhstan for the overnight train Almaty–Astana.

Кроме того, Тихоокеанское отделение ЭСКАТО созвало специальное совещание в ходе шестой Конференции министров по окружающей среде и развитию в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе (Астана, 27 сентября-2 октября 2010 года).

The ESCAP Pacific Office also convened a special meeting during the Sixth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development in Asia and the Pacific (Astana, 27 September-2 October 2010).

Ожидается, что участники предстоящей седьмой Конференции министров ОСЕ (2011 год, Астана) уделят внимание Программе ОРЭД и предложению Комитета в отношении разработки третьего цикла.

It is expected that the upcoming Seventh EfE Ministerial Conference (2011, Astana), will pay attention to the EPR Programme and to the proposal of the Committee regarding the development of the third cycle.

Предварительная оценка расходов на реализацию всех технических мер по повышению эффективности, которые будут осуществляться в зоне, включает в себя: первый этап реконструкции системы централизованного теплоснабжения — передача горячего водоснабжения и вентиляции независимым тепловым системам — 2,25 млн. долл.; строительство тепловых пунктов — 3 млн. долларов; газификация системы теплоснабжения — транзитный газопровод Омск — Астана.

DH reconstruction first stage — transfer of hot water-supply and ventilation to independent heating systems — $2.25 million; building of thermal points — $3 million.

В 2010 году выставка впервые проводится в новом выставочном комплексе КОРМЕ г. Астана, который представляет собой современные выставочные залы, развитую инфраструктуру и центральное месторасположение в городе.

In 2010 Exhibition will be held in the new exhibition complex KORME, which present the modern exhibition halls, well-developed infrastructure and centralized location in the city.

Министры окружающей среды общеевропейского региона, участвовавшие в седьмой Конференции министров «Окружающая среда для Европы» (Астана, 21–23 сентября 2011 года), признали наличие указанных выше проблем и приняли решение работать над их устранением.

The ministers of the environment from the pan-European region present at the Seventh Environment for Europe Ministerial Conference (Astana, 21–23 September 2011) recognized the challenges noted above and decided to address them.

Автор опротестовал 16 июня 2009 года решение Генерального прокурора от 3 июня 2009 года в районном суде No 2 Астаны.

On 16 June 2009, the author complained to Astana District Court No. 2 about the Prosecutor General’s decision of 3 June 2009.

:: Астана — рынок новых возможностей Астана — столица Республики Казахстан– динамично развивающийся административный и деловой центр Казахстана с современной инфраструктурой и отличными возможностями для ведения бизнеса.

:: Astana – A Market of New Opportunities Kazakhstan is the leader among the CIS countries for direct investment per capita. The Republic of Kazakhstan has become the first one of the Commonwealth nations to receive the international investment class rating.

Руководящему комитету будет представлена информация о проделанной за последнее время работе по поддержке ОУР в регионе Европейской экономической комиссии Организации Объединенных Наций − такой, как активное рассмотрение вопросов ОУР на седьмой Конференции министров «Окружающая среда для Европы» (Астана, 21−23 сентября 2011 года) и дискуссия за круглым столом в ходе регионального совещания по подготовке к Конференции Организации Объединенных Наций по устойчивому развитию («Рио+20») (Женева, 1 и 2 декабря 2011 года).

The Steering Committee will be informed about recent activities related to promoting ESD in the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe region, such as the promotion of ESD during the Seventh “Environment for Europe” Ministerial Conference (Astana, 21–23 September 2011), as well as a round-table discussion at the Regional Preparatory Meeting for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) (Geneva, 1–2 December 2011).

Однако осознание необходимости прагматичного, но абсолютно последовательного подхода ко всем сирийским проблемам в русле суверенитета, территориальной целостности и единства сирийского государства, наиболее последовательно продвигается именно астанинской «тройкой», потому что процесс Астаны весьма и весьма перспективен и принципиален.

However, it is precisely the Astana troika who are demanding that the concerned parties comprehend the need for a pragmatic and an absolutely consistent approach towards all Syrian issues in the context of the Syrian state’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity. Therefore the Astana process is highly promising and principled.

Старшие должностные лица приветствовали Инициативу Астаны «Зеленый мост» правительства Казахстана и одобрили ее в качестве одного из трех итоговых документов шестой Конференции министров по окружающей среде и развитию в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе для дальнейших региональных действий (E/ESCAP/MCED(6)/L.5/Rev.1).

The senior officials welcomed the Astana Green Bridge Initiative of the Government of Kazakhstan and endorsed it as one of the three outcome documents of the sixth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development in Asia and the Pacific for subsequent regional action (E/ESCAP/MCED(6)/L.5/Rev.1).

Комитет будет проинформирован о взаимодействии ОПТОСОЗ с соответствующими международными процессами в целях укрепления синергии, включая: Региональный форум по осуществлению решений Комиссии по устойчивому развитию; пятую Конференцию министров по вопросам окружающей среды и здоровья (март 2010 года), Международный транспортный форум (МТФ), седьмую Конференцию министров «Окружающая среда для Европы» (октябрь 2011 года, Астана, Казахстан).

The Committee will be informed about collaboration between THE PEP and related international processes with a view to strengthening synergies, including: the Regional Implementation Forum for the Commission on Sustainable Development; the Fifth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health (March 2010), the International Transport Forum (ITF), seventh “Environment for Europe” Ministerial Conference (October 2011, Astana, Kazakhstan).

Этими пятью мальчиками были # летний Акрам # летний Мохамед # летний Анеес # летний Омар и # летний Мохамед- все из расширенной семьи Аль-Астал

The five boys are # year-old Akram # year-old Mohamed # year-old Anees # year-old Omar and # year-old Mohamed, all from the Al-Astal extended family

12 мая т.г. в Национальной академической библиотеке РК в рамках цикла образовательных мероприятий прошёл День информации для преподавателей английского языка г. Астаны.

Research reading room is opened in the National Academic Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Международная конференция «Стратегия «Казахстан — 2030»: Итоги первого десятилетия и перспективы». Астана, 12 октября 2007.

International report “Strategy ‘Kazakhstan — 2030’: Results of the first decade and future prospects”, Astana, 12 October 2007.

Посещение Астаны станет ответом на состоявшийся 24 — 25 января с.г. официальный визит в Российскую Федерацию нового Министра иностранных дел Республики Казахстан Е.А.Идрисова.

The visit to Astana will be recognised as a response to the official visit made by the new Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Erlan Idrisov, on 24-25 January.

Седьмая Конференция министров «Окружающая среда для Европы» (ОСЕ) (Астана, 21−23 сентября 2011 года) рассмотрит следующие две темы: устойчивое управление водными ресурсами и связанными с ними экосистемами и экологизация экономики: выдвижение на первый план вопросов окружающей среды в процессе экономического развития.

The Seventh “Environment for Europe” (EfE) Ministerial Conference (Astana, 21–23 September 2011) will address the following two themes: sustainable management of water and water-related ecosystems, and greening the economy: mainstreaming the environment into economic development.

В ходе последующей деятельности по итогам шестой Конференции министров по окружающей среде и развитию Инициатива Астаны «Зеленый мост» стартует с проведения дополнительных консультаций с государствами – членами ЭСКАТО (в которых также могут принять участие ассоциированные члены) из Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона и странами Европейского региона, международными организациями, а также с ЭСКАТО, ЕЭК, Европейским союзом, Азиатско-Европейским экологическим форумом и другими партнерами в целях подготовки программы работы и мероприятий на период 2011-2020 годов.

As a follow-up to the sixth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development, the Astana “Green Bridge” Initiative will commence with the holding of additional consultations with ESCAP member States (associate members are also welcome) from Asia and the Pacific and countries of the European region, international organizations, and ESCAP, ECE, the European Union, the Asia-Europe Environment Forum and other partners to develop the work programme and activities of the Initiative for the period 2011-2020.

Участок Кокчетав‐Атбасар‐Астана, являющийся частью местной сети, следует исключить, поскольку он не соответствует ни международным, ни национальным стандартам.

The section Kokchetav – Atbasar – Astana, which is part of the local network should be omitted since it is not up to international or national standards.

Комитету по экологической политике предлагается рассмотреть предложение по Программе партнерства «Зеленый мост» в рамках Инициативы Астаны «Зеленый мост», содержащееся в части II настоящего документа, и принять решение о направлении согласованного текста седьмой Конференции министров «Окружающая среда для Европы».

The Committee on Environmental Policy is invited to consider a proposal for a “Green Bridge” Partnership Programme under the Astana “Green Bridge” Initiative contained in part II of the present document and to decide on a transmission of an agreed text to the Seventh “Environment for Europe” Ministerial Conference.

а) выступления, посвященные Конвенции и позитивным результатам ее осуществления, на проводимых в странах ЕЭК ООН совещаниях высокого уровня и на международных совещаниях, в частности на седьмой Конференции министров «Окружающая среда для Европы» (Астана # год

a) Presentations of the Convention and its achievements at high-level meetings in UNECE countries and at international meetings, in particular at the Seventh Ministerial Conference “Environment for Europe” (Astana

Источник

Contents

  • 1 English
    • 1.1 Etymology
    • 1.2 Pronunciation
    • 1.3 Proper noun
      • 1.3.1 Synonyms
      • 1.3.2 Translations
  • 2 Estonian
    • 2.1 Proper noun
  • 3 Polish
    • 3.1 Etymology
    • 3.2 Pronunciation
    • 3.3 Proper noun
      • 3.3.1 Declension
      • 3.3.2 Derived terms
    • 3.4 Further reading
  • 4 Portuguese
    • 4.1 Etymology
    • 4.2 Pronunciation
    • 4.3 Proper noun
  • 5 Turkish
    • 5.1 Proper noun

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Kazakh Астана (Astana), meaning capital, from Persian آستانه‎ (âstâne).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK) IPA(key): /əsˈtɑːnə/
  • (US) IPA(key): /æsˈtɑːnə/

Proper noun[edit]

Astana

  1. The capital city of Kazakhstan.

Synonyms[edit]

  • Akmoly/Akmolinsky prikaz (the settlement founded in 1830)
  • Akmolinsk (town status, 1832–)
  • Tselinograd (1961–)
  • Akmola (1992–1998; capital since 1997)
  • Aqmola
  • Nur-Sultan (2019–2022)

Translations[edit]

the capital city of Kazakhstan

  • Afrikaans: Astana
  • Albanian: Astana f
  • Amharic: አስታና (ʾästana)
  • Arabic: أَسْتَانَا‎ f (ʔastānā)
  • Armenian: Աստանա (Astana)
  • Azerbaijani: Astana (az)
  • Basque: Astana (eu)
  • Belarusian: Астана́ f (Astaná)
  • Bengali: আস্তানা (astana)
  • Bulgarian: Астана f (Astana)
  • Catalan: Astanà
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 阿斯塔納／阿斯塔纳 (zh) (Āsītǎnà)
  • Czech: Astana (cs) f
  • Danish: Astana n
  • Dutch: Astana n
  • Esperanto: Astano (eo)
  • Estonian: Astana (et)
  • Finnish: Astana (fi)
  • French: Astana (fr) f
  • Georgian: ასტანა (asṭana)
  • German: Astana (de) n
  • Greek: Αστανά f (Astaná)
  • Hebrew: אסטנה‎ f (astana)
  • Hindi: अस्ताना m (astānā)
  • Hungarian: Asztana (hu)
  • Indonesian: Astana (id)
  • Japanese: アスタナ (ja) (Asutana)
  • Kazakh: Астана (kk) (Astana)
  • Khmer: អាស្តាណា (km) (ʼaastaanaa)
  • Korean: 아스타나 (ko) (Aseutana)
  • Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: ئاستانا‎ (astana)
    Northern Kurdish: Astana
  • Kyrgyz: Астана (Astana)
  • Latvian: Astana f
  • Lithuanian: Astana f
  • Macedonian: Аста́на f (Astána)
  • Malay: Astana
  • Maltese: Astana
  • Mongolian:
    Cyrillic: Астана (Astana)
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: Astana n
  • Persian: آستانه‎ (fa) (âstâne)
  • Polish: Astana (pl) f
  • Portuguese: Astana (pt) f
  • Romanian: Astana (ro)
  • Russian: Астана́ (ru) f (Astaná)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: Астана f
    Roman: Astana f
  • Slovak: Astana (sk) f
  • Slovene: Astana f
  • Spanish: Astaná (es) f
  • Swedish: Astana (sv) n
  • Tajik: Остона (Ostona)
  • Tatar: Астана (Astana)
  • Thai: อัสตานา (th) (âs-dtaa-naa)
  • Turkish: Astana
  • Turkmen: Astana
  • Ukrainian: Астана́ (uk) f (Astaná)
  • Urdu: آستانہ‎ (ur) m (āstānā)
  • Uyghur: ئاستانا‎ (astana)
  • Uzbek: Ostona
  • Vietnamese: A-xta-na

Estonian[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Astana

  1. Astana (the capital city of Kazakhstan)

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Kazakh Астана (Astana, “capital”), from Persian آستانه‎ (âstâne).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /asˈta.na/
  • Rhymes: -ana
  • Syllabification: As‧ta‧na

Proper noun[edit]

Astana f

  1. Astana (the capital city of Kazakhstan)
    Synonym: Nur-Sułtan

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

adjective

  • astański

nouns

  • astanka
  • astańczyk

Further reading[edit]

  • Astana in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • Astana in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Kazakh Астана (Astana), from Persian آستانه‎.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /asˈtɐ̃.nɐ/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /aʃˈtɐ̃.nɐ/
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /asˈtɐ.na/
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐʃˈtɐ.nɐ/
  • Hyphenation: As‧ta‧na

Proper noun[edit]

Astana f

  1. Astana (the capital city of Kazakhstan)

Turkish[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Astana

  1. Astana (the capital city of Kazakhstan)
Источник

Astana

Астана (Kazakh)

Capital city
Central Downtown Astana 2.jpg
Ishim River in Nur-Sultan (cropped).jpg
Central Downtown Astana 1.jpg
Nazarbayev University.JPG
L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University.JPG
Astana SAM 0056 (15120213712).jpg
Astana SAM 0060 (15120204962).jpg

From top, left to right: Downtown Astana with Baiterek tower, Ishim River, Nurjol Boulevard, the Nazarbayev University, the L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana Opera, KazMunayGas Building
Flag of Astana

Flag

Coat of arms of Astana

Coat of arms

Location of Astana in Kazakhstan
Astana is located in Kazakhstan

Astana

Astana

Astana is located in Asia

Astana

Astana
Coordinates: 51°08′50″N 71°25′20″E / 51.14722°N 71.42222°E
Country  Kazakhstan
Founded 1830 (as Akmola)[2]
Government
 • Type Mayor–Council
 • Body City Mäslihat
 • Äkim Zhenis Kassymbek[3]
Area
 • City proper 810.2 km2 (312.8 sq mi)
Elevation 347 m (1,138 ft)
Population

 (01 December 2022)[4]
 • City proper 1,350,228[1]
 • Metro

[5]

 1,200,000
Time zone UTC+6 (ALMT)
Postal code

010000–010015[6]
Area code +7 7172[7]
ISO 3166-2 AST[8]
License plate 01, Z
Website www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/astana?lang=kk Edit this at Wikidata

Astana,[a] previously known as Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, Akmola, and most recently Nur-Sultan,[13] is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

The city lies on the banks of the Ishim River in the north-central part of Kazakhstan, within the Akmola Region, though administered as a city with special status separately from the rest of the region. A 2020 official estimate reported a population of 1,136,008 within the city limits, making it the second-largest city in the country, after Almaty, which had been the capital until 1997.[4] The city became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997; since then it has grown and developed economically into one of the most modern cities in Central Asia.[14][15] In 2021, the government selected Astana as one of the 10 priority destinations for tourist development.[16]

Modern Astana is a planned city, following the process of other planned capitals.[15] After it became the capital of Kazakhstan, the city dramatically changed its shape. The city’s master-plan was designed by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa.[15] As the seat of the government of Kazakhstan, Astana is the site of the Parliament House, Supreme Court, Ak Orda Presidential Palace and numerous government departments and agencies. It is home to a range of futuristic buildings, including many skyscrapers.[17][18][19]

Names

Akmola settlement was founded in 1830, possibly named after a local landmark—Ақ мола literally means white grave in Kazakh—although this theory is not universally accepted.[2] In 1832, it was granted town status and renamed Akmolinsk.[2] In 1961 under Soviet government, it was renamed Tselinograd, Russian for «virgin lands city».[20] In 1991 following Kazakhstan’s independence, the name was changed to Akmola.[20]

In December 1997, the city replaced Almaty as the capital of Kazakhstan, and in May 1998, it was renamed Astana, which means «capital city» in Kazakh.[21] In March 2019, the capital was renamed to Nur-Sultan (;[9] Kazakh pronunciation: [nʊɾ sʊltɑn]; Kazakh: Нұр-Сұлтан, romanized: Nūr-Sūltan) in honor of the long-ruling President Nursultan Nazarbayev, shortly after his resignation.[22][23] In September 2022, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed a constitutional amendment to revert to the name Astana.[24][25] As of 2022, it holds the Guinness World Record for the capital city with the most name changes in modern times.[20]

History

Middle Ages (8th to 18th centuries)

Many centuries ago, the Bozok settlement was located on the territory of modern Astana. It was a military fortress of the Steppe section of the Great Silk Road. The etymology of the Turkic word «Boz» carries several meanings such as ‘untouched earth’, ‘virgin soil’ and ‘feather grass’. It was a large settlement of the 12-14th centuries. At present, Astana is expanding to the territory of ancient Bozok.[26]

Early years (1830–1918)

The settlement of Akmoly was established on the Ishim River in 1830 as the seat of an okrug. In 1832, the settlement was granted town status and named Akmolinsk.[2] The fairly advantageous position of the town was clear as early as 1863. It describes how picket roads and lines[definition needed] connected this geographic center to Kargaly in the East, Aktau fort in the South and through Atbasar to Kokshetau in the West. In 1838, at the height of the great national and liberation movement headed by Kenesary Khan, Akmolinsk fortress was burned.[27] After the repression of the liberation movement, the fortress was rebuilt. On 16 July 1863, Akmolinsk was officially declared an uyezd town.[28] In 1869, Akmolinsk external district and department were cancelled, and Akmolinsk became the center of the newly established Akmolinsk Oblast.[citation needed] In 1879, Major General Dubelt proposed to build a railway between Tyumen and Akmolinsk to the Ministry of Communications of Russia.[citation needed] In the course of the first 30 years of its existence, the population of Akmola numbered a trifle more than 2,000 people. However, over the next 30 years the city’s population increased by three times according to volosts and settlements of the Akmolinsk Oblast. In 1893, Akmolinsk was an uyezd with a 6,428 strong population, 3 churches, 5 schools and colleges and 3 factories.[citation needed]

Soviet era (1918–1991)

During World War II, Akmolinsk served as a route for the transport of engineering tools and equipment from evacuated plants in the Ukrainian SSR, Byelorussian SSR, and Russian SFSR located in the oblasts of the Kazakh SSR. Local industries were appointed to respond to war needs, assisting the country to provide the battle and home fronts with all materials needed. In the post-war years, Akmolinsk became a beacon of economic revival in the west of the Soviet Union ruined by the war. Additionally, many Russian-Germans were resettled here after being deported under Joseph Stalin’s rule.[29]

In 1954, Northern Kazakh SSR oblasts became a territory of the Virgin Lands Campaign, in order to turn the region into a second grain producer for the Soviet Union.[30][31] In December 1960, Central Committee made a resolution to create the Tselinniy Krai, which comprised five regions of the Northern Kazakh SSR oblasts.[32] Akmolinsk Oblast was ceased to exist as a separate administrative entity.[32] Its districts were directly subordinated to the new krai administration, and Akmolinsk became the krai capital, as well as the administrative seat of the new Virgin Lands economic region.[32] On 14 March 1961, Khrushchev suggested the city should have a name corresponding to its role in the Virgin Lands Campaign.[33] On 20 March 1961, the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR renamed Akmolinsk Tselinograd.[33] On 24 April 1961, the region was reconstituted as Tselinograd Oblast.[32] In the 1960s, Tselinograd was completely transformed. In 1963, work on the first three new high-rise housing districts began.[34] In addition, the city received a number of new monumental public buildings, including the Virgin Lands Palace, a Palace of Youth, a House of Soviets, a new airport, and several sports venues.[35] In 1971, the Tselinniy Krai was abolished and Tselinograd became the centre of the oblast.[citation needed]

Contemporary era (1991–present)

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the consequent independence of Kazakhstan, the city’s original name was restored in the modified form Akmola.[2] On 6 July 1994, the Supreme Council of Kazakhstan adopted the decree «On the transfer of the capital of Kazakhstan».[36] After the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Akmola on 10 December 1997, the city was consequently renamed Astana in 1998.[37] On 10 June 1998, Astana was presented as the capital internationally.[38] Due to several determined advantages, Astana was chosen as the capital: large urban areas, favorable geographical position, proximity to the major economic centers of the region, considerable demographic capacity, good transportation facilities, and a relatively favorable climate.[39] On 16 July 1999, Astana was awarded the medal and title of the City of Peace by UNESCO.[36]

In March 2019, the Kazakhstani government renamed the city Nur-Sultan to honour the country’s outgoing long-term authoritarian president, Nursultan Nazarbayev.[40] In September 2022, after a number of controversies and unrest resulting in Nazarbayev’s resignation from the Security Council of Kazakhstan, the name of the capital was changed back to Astana.[41]

Geography

Satellite image of Astana and vicinities

Satellite image of Astana and vicinities

Astana is almost 1,000 km (620 mi) from the country’s largest city and former capital, Almaty. The nearest big cities are Karaganda (200 km [120 mi]) and Omsk in Russia (450 km [280 mi]).[42]

Topography

Astana is located in central Kazakhstan on the Ishim River in a very flat, semi-arid steppe region which covers most of the country’s territory. It is at 51° 10′ north latitude and 71° 26′ east longitude. The city encompasses 722.0 square kilometres (278.8 sq mi). The elevation of Astana is 347 metres (1,138 ft) above sea level. Astana is in a spacious steppe landscape, in the transitional area between the north of Kazakhstan and the extremely thinly settled national centre, because of the Ishim River. The older boroughs lie north of the river, whilst the new boroughs are located south of the Ishim.[42]

Time

The time offset from the UTC used by Astana is 6 hours ahead of UTC, or UTC+6:00. This is also used by most of Kazakhstan and Almaty.[42]

Climate

Astana is the second-coldest national capital in the world after Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, a position formerly held by Canada’s capital, Ottawa, until Astana attained capital city status in 1997.[43][44] Astana has an extreme continental climate with warm summers (featuring occasional brief rain showers) and long, very cold, dry winters. Summer temperatures occasionally reach 35 °C (95 °F) while −30 to −35 °C (−22 to −31 °F) is not unusual between mid-December and early March. Typically, the city’s river is frozen over between the second week of November and the beginning of April. Astana has a well-deserved reputation among Kazakhs for its frequent high winds, the effects of which are felt particularly strongly on the fast-developing but relatively exposed Left Bank area of the city.

Overall, Astana has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).[45] The average annual temperature in Astana is 3.5 °C (38.3 °F). January is the coldest month with an average temperature of −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) and record lowest is in January 1893’s cold wave reaching temperatures down to −51.6 °C (−60.9 °F).[46] July is the hottest month with an average temperature of 20.6 °C (69.1 °F).[46]

Climate data for Astana (1991–2020, extremes 1881–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		22.1
(71.8) 		29.7
(85.5) 		36.1
(97.0) 		40.1
(104.2) 		41.6
(106.9) 		38.7
(101.7) 		36.2
(97.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		18.5
(65.3) 		5.2
(41.4) 		41.6
(106.9)
Average high °C (°F) −10.3
(13.5) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		12.2
(54.0) 		20.9
(69.6) 		25.8
(78.4) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.5
(77.9) 		18.9
(66.0) 		10.4
(50.7) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		9.2
(48.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.5
(5.9) 		−13.6
(7.5) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		6.5
(43.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		19.1
(66.4) 		12.6
(54.7) 		5.0
(41.0) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		3.9
(39.0)
Average low °C (°F) −18.7
(−1.7) 		−18.0
(−0.4) 		−10.4
(13.3) 		1.2
(34.2) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.4
(56.1) 		14.9
(58.8) 		13.0
(55.4) 		6.8
(44.2) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−16.0
(3.2) 		−1.2
(29.8)
Record low °C (°F) −51.6
(−60.9) 		−48.9
(−56.0) 		−37.2
(−35.0) 		−27.8
(−18.0) 		−10.8
(12.6) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		−25.3
(−13.5) 		−39.2
(−38.6) 		−43.5
(−46.3) 		−51.6
(−60.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18
(0.7) 		17
(0.7) 		20
(0.8) 		22
(0.9) 		33
(1.3) 		40
(1.6) 		56
(2.2) 		31
(1.2) 		21
(0.8) 		26
(1.0) 		29
(1.1) 		25
(1.0) 		338
(13.3)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 19
(7.5) 		23
(9.1) 		19
(7.5) 		1
(0.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		4
(1.6) 		13
(5.1) 		23
(9.1)
Average rainy days 2 2 5 9 15 13 15 13 12 10 7 3 106
Average snowy days 25 23 19 6 1 0.1 0 0 1 7 18 24 124
Average relative humidity (%) 78 77 79 64 54 53 59 57 59 68 80 79 67
Mean monthly sunshine hours 103 147 192 238 301 336 336 294 230 136 100 94 2,507
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[46]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[47]

Demographics

Historical population

Year Pop. ±%
1989 281,252 —    
1999 326,900 +16.2%
2002 493,100 +50.8%
2010 649,139 +31.6%
2016 872,655 +34.4%
2020 1,136,008 +30.2%

Population

As of January 2020, the population of Astana is 1,136,008;[4] over double the 2002 population of 493,000.[48]

As of 2018, ethnic Kazakhs made up 80.6% of the city population, representing a significant increase from only 17% at the time of the country’s independence.[49]

Ethnic groups (2020):[50]

  • Kazakh: 79.1%
  • Russian: 12.85%
  • Ukrainian: 1.32%
  • Tatar: 1.08%
  • Uzbek: 0.96%
  • Others: 4.65%

In 1989, Tselinograd had a population of 281,000. The ethnic mix was about 17.7% Kazakh, 54.1% Russian and 28.2% other ethnic groups.[51]

By 2007, Astana’s population had more than doubled since becoming the capital, to over 600,000, and it topped 1 million in 2017. Migrant workers—legal and illegal—have been attracted from across Kazakhstan and neighbouring states such as Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, and Astana is a magnet for young professionals seeking to build a career.[52]

Religion

Islam is the predominant religion of the city. Other religions practiced are Christianity (primarily Russian Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and Protestantism), Judaism, and Buddhism.[53]

The Palace of Peace and Reconciliation was specially constructed in 2006 to host the Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions. It contains accommodations for different religions: Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism and other faiths.

Central Asia’s largest mosque is found in Astana.[54]

Metropolitan area

The metropolitan area centered upon Astana includes the Arshaly, Shortandy, Tselinograd and (partially) Akkol districts of Akmola Region. The area contains 1.2 million people.[5]

Economy

KazMunayGas headquarters

Astana’s economy is based on trade, industrial production, transport, communication and construction. The city’s industrial production is mainly focused on producing building materials, foodstuff and mechanical engineering.

Astana is the leader in the CIS region on Global Financial Centers Index rank in 2022.[55]

The Astana International Financial Center (AIFC) opened in July 2018 to become a hub for financial services in Central Asia.[56]

Astana is the headquarters of state-owned corporations such as Samruk-Kazyna, Kazakhstan Temir Zholy, KazMunayGas, KazTransOil, Kazatomprom, KEGOC, Kazpost and Kazakhtelecom.

The shift of the capital has given it a powerful boost to Astana’s economic development. The city’s high economic growth rate has attracted numerous investors. In the 16 years since Astana became the capital, the volume of investments has increased by almost 30 times, the gross regional product has increased by 90 times,[57] and industrial output has increased by 11 times. The city’s Gross Regional Product makes up about 8.5 per cent of the republic’s Gross domestic product.[58]

The Astana – New City special economic zone was established in 2001 to help develop industry and increase the attractiveness of the city to investors.[59] The SEZ plans to commission five projects worth 20 billion KZT (around $108 million) in the Industrial Park No. 1 in 2015.[59] The projects include construction of a plant for production of diesel engines, a fast food complex, temporary storage warehouses and a business center, a furniture factory, and production of military and civil engineering machinery.[59] The new Astana International Financial Centre opened in July 2018.

Astana’s administration is promoting the development of small and medium-sized businesses through the cooperation of the Sovereign Welfare Fund Samruk-Kazyna and National Economic Chamber. Support is provided by a special programme of crediting.[60] As a result, the number of small and medium-sized businesses increased by 13.7% to over 96,000 compared to the previous year as of 1 July 2015.[61] In addition, the number of people employed in small and medium-sized business increased by 17.8% to over 234,000 people as of 1 April 2015.[61]

Astana was included in the list of top 21 intelligent communities of the world, according to the report released by the Intelligent Community Forum in October 2016. The rating list includes the cities, regions and communities which use digital instruments for the construction of local economy and society.[62]

In 2018, Astana attracted more than three trillion tenge (US$7.91 billion) in foreign direct investment, a record amount for the city. The growth was achieved due to a large number of construction projects.[63]

Tourism becomes one of the factors that drive economic growth in the city. Astana is among the top ten most attractive tourist cities in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).[64]

Diplomacy platform

Astana has become a platform for high-profile diplomatic talks and summits on critical global issues. Astana has hosted multiple rounds of talks between the Syrian Arab Republic government led by Bashar al-Assad and Syrian opposition.[65] The 12th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was originally scheduled to take place in June 2020 in then Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2020, WTO members discussed Kazakhstan’s offer to reschedule the conference to June 2021 but postponed taking a decision due to the ongoing pandemic. In April 2021, members agreed that MC12 would take place in Geneva from 30 November to 3 December.[66] Since 2003, Astana has hosted the Congress on World and Traditional Religions, which is a diverse gathering of religious leaders to discuss religious harmony and ending terrorism and extremism.[67]

Cityscape

The National Concert hall

The National Concert hall

Astana is subdivided into four districts. Almaty District was created on 6 May 1998 by presidential decree. The district’s territory encompasses an area of 21,054 hectares (52,030 acres; 81.29 square miles) with a population of 375,938 people. The district has five villages. Yesil District, which is also called left bank of the city, was created on 5 August 2008 by presidential decree. The district’s territory encompasses an area of 31,179 ha (77,040 acres; 120.38 sq mi) with a population of 119,929 people. Saryarka District was created on 6 May 1998 by presidential decree. The district’s territory encompasses an area of 19,202 ha (47,450 acres; 74.14 sq mi) with a population of 339,286 people. Baykonyr District was created on 16 March 2018 by presidential decree. The district’s territory encompasses an area of 18,129 ha (44,800 acres; 70.00 sq mi) with a population of 233 351 people.

In April 1998, the Government of Kazakhstan asked architects and urban planners of international renown to participate in a design competition for the new capital. On 6 October 1998, Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa was awarded the First Prize.[68] Kurokawa’s proposal aimed to preserve and redevelop the existing city, and create a new city at the south and the east sides of the Ishim River, enabling the Symbiosis of the History and the Future.[68]

North of the railway line, which crosses Astana in an east–west direction, are industrial and poorer residential areas. Between the railway line and the Ishim river is the city centre, where at present intense building activity is occurring. To the west and east are more elevated residential areas with parks and the new area of government administration to the south of the Ishim River. Here many large building projects are under way; for example, the construction of a diplomatic quarter, and government buildings. By 2030, these quarters are to be completed. Astana’s chief planner, Vladimir Laptev, wants to build a Berlin in a Eurasian style. He has stated that a purely administrative capital such as Canberra is not one of his goals.

Panoramic view of the governmental headquarters

Panoramic view of the governmental headquarters

Sport

Astana Arena opened in 2009

Barys Arena in 2015

The city has a variety of sports teams. The major association football team is the FC Astana of the Kazakhstan Premier League. Founded in 2009, the FC Astana won six league titles, three Kazakh Cups and five Kazakh Super Cups.[69] Their home stadium is the Astana Arena, which also serves as a home for the Kazakhstan national football team and the FC Bayterek. The FC Bayterek is a member of the Kazakhstan First Division. They were founded in 2012, to develop youth football.[70] The FC Astana-1964 is based in the Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium and plays in the Astana Municipal Football League. The club’s most successful years were 2000s, when they won 3 league titles.

Astana is home to several professional ice hockey teams. The Barys Astana, a founding member of the Kontinental Hockey League in 2008 and based in the Barys Arena.[71] The Nomad Astana and HC Astana play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship. The Snezhnye Barsy of the Junior Hockey League is a junior team of the Barys Astana.[72] Astana annually hosts the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan’s Cup ice hockey tournament.[73]

The Astana Pro Team, founded in 2007, participates in the UCI World Tour.[74] The team is one of the most successful road cycling teams of recent years, winning several grand tours. The BC Astana of the VTB United League and the Kazakhstan Basketball League is the only professional basketball team in Astana.[75] It is the most successful basketball team in Kazakhstan with three Kazakhstan Basketball League titles and four Kazakhstan Basketball Cups.[75] Its home arena is the Saryarka Velodrome, which is mainly used for track cycling events.[75] The Saryarka Velodrome hosted the UCI Track Cycling World Cup stage in 2011.[76] The Astana Presidential Sports Club was founded in 2012, to combine the main sports teams in Astana.[77] The organization is supported by Sovereign Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna.[78] The 2011 Asian Winter Games were partly held in the capital. The Alau Ice Palace, hosted the 2015 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships.[79] The President’s Cup tennis tournament is annually held at the Daulet National Tennis Centre.[80]

The martial art palace was opened on 6 July 2019.[81] Sports facilities for five thousand spectators can take part in international competitions in boxing, wrestling, judo, weightlifting, and other Olympic and non-Olympic disciplines. The palace has a 25-meter pool, fitness and wrestling rooms, a football field, as well as a comfortable hotel. The object will be made available to the pupils of the sports school.

Education

Kazakh National University of Arts

Kazakh National University of Arts

Astana has many universities and junior colleges. as of the 2013/2014 academic year, Astana had a total enrollment of 53,561 students in its 14 higher educational institutions, a 10% increase from the prior year.[82] The L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University is the biggest university in Astana with 16,558 students and 1,678 academic staff.[83] It was founded as the result of merging the Akmola Civil Engineering Institute with the Akmola Pedagogical Institute on 23 May 1996.[84] The oldest university in Astana is the S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University founded in 1957.[85] Nazarbayev University is an autonomous research university founded in 2010 in partnership with some of the world’s top universities.[86] The Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade is an economic institution in Astana.[87] The Kazakh Humanities and Law Institute is a law university founded by initiative of Ministry of Justice in 1994.[88] The Astana Medical University was the only medical school in Astana until the opening of the School of Medecine at Nazarbayev University in 2014.[89] The Kazakh National University of Arts is the premier music school and has provided Astana with highly qualified professional specialists in the field of Arts.[90]

Astana schools enrolls about 103,000 students across 83 schools, including 71 state schools and 12 private schools.[91][92] The Miras International School, established 1999, was the first private high school established in Astana.[93] The Haileybury Astana school was established in 2011, as a branch of the Haileybury and Imperial Service College, an independent school in The United Kingdom. The Astana Kazakh-Turkish High Schools are run by the International KATEV foundation. There are Kazakh-Turkish High Boarding Schools for gifted boys and girls, separately and the Nurorda International School.[94] Astana hosts two Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools (NIS), including the School of Physics and Mathematics and International Baccalaureate world school.[95] The QSI International School of Astana is an international school that provides an American curriculum to its students. The school is a branch of the Quality Schools International that started in the Middle East.[96]

Transportation

City transport

City bus in Astana

City bus in Astana

The city transport in Astana consists of buses and taxis. Over 720,000 people use public transport daily.[97] There are over 60 bus lines served by more than 1000 vehicles, with over 3000 people working in the public transport sector.[98] Just like buses, share taxis have their own predefined routes and work on a shared basis. There are three share taxi routes in total.[99]

Trolleybus routes were opened in 1983. There were originally 3 routes, however, by 2006, only one route was left. In 2008, the only trolleybus fleet by the special state commission was declared unprofitable due to debts to the energy supply company and as a result, it was completely closed.

AstanaBike bicycle-sharing system

In 2011, the Akimat of Astana established a company to implement a series of changes and programmes in the metropolis known as the «New transport system of Astana».[100] As part of these programmes, bus rapid transit (BRT) lines were opened. That same year, the construction of a light rail (LRT) was to begin. It was planned that the first stage of construction of a 16.4-kilometer line, which would’ve included nine stations, was planned to be completed by 1 December 2013. However, as of May 2020, construction has not started. In November 2013, President Nursultan Nazarbayev condemned the construction of LRT because of the high cost. In exchange, there was a promise to launch high-speed buses. Despite the controversy, the construction of the LRT began in 2017 with the flyovers along to which the trains will pass. The opening is planned for the end of 2020.

The bicycle-sharing program AstanaBike has been operating in Astana since 2014. In 2017, the system consisted of 40 stations with 1000 bicycles. The registration in the system for a season costs 5000 tenge ($28), plus a deposit for an RFID card ($5.50), the first half-hour of bike rental is free, the next hour is 100 tenge ($0.55). After more than 4 hours, the rent costs 1000 tenge.

Air

Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport (IATA: NQZ, ICAO: UACC), located 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the city center, is the main gateway for the city’s domestic and international civilian air traffic.[101] It is the second-busiest airport in Kazakhstan, with 2,960,181 passengers passing through it in 2014.[102] The airport hosts 13 airlines operating regular passenger flights inside the country and internationally.[103] Air Astana maintains its second-largest hub at the airport.[104] An expected 50% increase in passenger traffic by 2017 has spurred the construction of a new terminal with an area of about 40,000 square metres (430,000 sq ft).[105][106]

Railway and roads

Tulpar Talgo express train to Almaty

Astana is located in the centre of the country, serving as a well-positioned transport node for rail and automotive networks.[107]

Astana railway station is the city’s main railway station and serves approximately 7,000 people each day. A new railway station, Nurly Zhol was built during the Expo 2017 event with a customer capacity of 12,000. Tulpar Talgo is a daily express train to Almaty.[108] Short-term plans include the construction of a new railway station in the industrial district; in the vicinity of CHPP-3 a new terminal will be erected for freight cars.[109]

M-36 Chelyabinsk-Almaty and A-343 Astana-Petropavlovsk highways are routed through the city. The strategic geographical positioning of Astana allows the city to serve as a transport and reload centre for cargoes formed at adjacent stations in the area.[citation needed]

River transport

Since 2008, navigation on the Esil River has been organized within the city. The Akimat of the city in the framework of the implementation of the «Shipping Esil» program created a specialized enterprise GKKP «Esil-Astana».

Expo 2017

On 1 July 2010, at the 153rd General Assembly of Bureau International des Expositions held in Paris, representatives from then-Astana presented the city’s bid to host the Specialised Expo 2017.[110][111][112] The Kazakh concept for this exhibition relates to the impact of energy on society in the modern world. The theme of the Astana Expo was «Future Energy».[113]

Expo 2017 opened to much fanfare on 10 June 2017, with heads of state from 17 nations in attendance. It is the first world’s fair to be held in Central Asia and its central pavilion, Nur Alem, is the largest spherical building in the world. The two-millionth visitor was registered on 7 August. More than 4 million people attended the event.

Sightseeing

  • Akorda is the residence of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Astana Grand Mosque — the largest mosque in Central Asia, completed in 2022.[54]
  • Baiterek is the main attraction and symbol of Astana
  • «Ethnoaul National Cultural Complex» – a unique cultural, tourist and image project for Expo 2017.
    Ethnoaul is a real opportunity to travel to the past and feel like a real nomad, to feel the atmosphere of centuries past. The national-cultural complex will acquaint visitors with the rich history, culture, art and traditions of the Kazakh people, where anyone who is interested will be transferred to the ethno-cultural environment of the nomadic civilization and fully enjoy the daily and festive life of the aul
  • Gate of Eternal Land [kk] is a landmark architectural structure, erected in honour of the anniversary of independence of Kazakhstan on the idea of Nursultan Nazarbayev.
  • Independence Palace – a building designed for diplomatic and other events of international level; the building also has a large-scale layout plan of Astana with existing and future facilities
  • «Jastar» – the Palace of creativity of schoolchildren and youth
  • Kazakh Eli – («The Country of Kazakhs») – a monument on Independence Square. The 91-meter stele is crowned with the Samruk bird (Samұryқ, Simurg) – the king of all birds, the keeper of the peoples. The mythological image of Samruk also includes the second important monument of Kazakhstan – «Baiterek», in the translation «Tree of Life», under which the king of birds sits and spreads seeds on the ground from the flapping of wings
  • «Kazakhstan» – Central Concert Hall
  • Khan Shatyr is the largest shopping and entertainment center (considered the largest tent in the world). Architect Norman Foster
  • Kazakhstan Pavilion of Expo 2017
    • Kazakhstan Pavilion and Science Museum «Nur Alem» is the tallest building with a spherical shape, 30 meters in diameter, than the Ericsson-Glob Arena in Stockholm.
    • National Space Center Future Energy Museum «Nur Alem» EXPO 2017 – the spherical building «Nur Alem» (Kaz. Shining World). Its height is 100 meters and its diameter is 80 meters.
  • Nurjol Boulevard (formerly Water-Green Boulevard) is a recreational pedestrian zone with an Alley of Singing Fountains
  • Palace of Peace and Reconciliation is the Congress Hall, designed for summits and congresses of representatives of traditional Kazakhstan and world religions. Architect Norman Foster
  • Shabyt Palace – Kazakh National University of Arts.

Theaters, concert halls, and museums

There are 27 libraries in Astana, whose services in 2011 were used by 153 people for every thousand residents, 8 state museums, which were visited by 415,500 people in 2011 and which conducted 68,514 excursions, 10 recreation parks, in 2011 1492.2 thousand visitors were received and 99 events, 6 state museums and 6 cinemas were held.

  • The Central Concert Hall Kazakhstan is a unique complex of the young capital designed for events of various levels: concerts of world and domestic stars, celebrations and official meetings, exhibitions, conferences, presentations. Architect Manfredi Nicoletti
  • Astana Circus is an entertaining circus institution in the city of Nur Sultan. One of the three main circuses of Kazakhstan; in the territory of the former USSR, one of the newest circuses and one of two unique circus buildings in the form of a «flying saucer» (along with the Kazan circus).
  • The National Opera and Ballet Theater named after K. Baiseitova is the youngest musical theater in the country, the bearer of the traditions of the Kazakh and world musical culture, comprehending the classical heritage and realizing the spiritual needs of the renewed Kazakhstani society.
  • Astana Opera is a theater founded by the initiative of the first president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. The theater building, built in 2013, this Parthenon-styled edifice is one of the cultural centers of the city, staging both classical and original works,[114] is recognized as an architectural monument of national importance.
  • Kazakh Music and Drama Theater named after K. Kuanyshbaev
  • State Academic Russian Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky
  • The National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the largest museum in Central Asia. The museum was created on behalf of the first president of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. *Nazarbayev in the framework of the State program «Cultural Heritage»
  • Modern Art Museum
  • Presidential Center of Culture – created on the initiative of the head of state N. Nazarbayev. The uniqueness of the research, cultural and educational complex of the capital is that its structure includes a museum, a library, a concert hall.
  • ALZhIR (Akmola camp of wives of traitors to the motherland) – the largest Soviet women’s camp, one of the three «islands» of the «Gulag Archipelago»
  • Atameken is an ethno-memorial complex of nature, architecture and life on a large-scale map of Kazakhstan.
  • Museum of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
  • Memorial complex of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (in honor of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War in the capital).
  • Museum of The Future (Nur-Alem Pavilion) – is more than just a monument of EXPO2017. The museum exhibition is all about the energy of the future. You can learn everything there is to know about renewable, green, and solar-powered energy sources, as well as see a model of the city proposed for 2050.[115]

Twin towns – sister cities

Astana is twinned with:[116]

  • Jordan Amman, Jordan (2005)
  • Turkey Ankara, Turkey (2001)
  • Turkmenistan Ashgabat, Turkmenistan (2017)[117]
  • Thailand Bangkok, Thailand (2004)
  • China Beijing, China (2006)
  • Kyrgyzstan Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (2011)
  • Syria Damascus, Syria
  • Poland Gdańsk, Poland (1996)
  • Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam (2009)
  • Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Russia Kazan, Russia (2004)
  • Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine (1998)
  • Philippines Manila, Philippines[118]
  • Russia Moscow, Russia
  • France Nice, France (2013)
  • Finland Oulu, Finland (2013)
  • Malaysia Putrajaya, Malaysia
  • Latvia Riga, Latvia (1998)
  • Russia Saint Petersburg, Russia (1996)
  • South Korea Seoul, South Korea (2004)
  • Uzbekistan Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  • Georgia (country) Tbilisi, Georgia (1996)
  • Russia Ufa, Russia (2010)
  • Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (2019)[119]
  • Turkey Uşak, Turkey
  • Lithuania Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Poland Warsaw, Poland (2002)

Friendly cities

Astana also cooperates with:[116]

  • Azerbaijan Baku, Azerbaijan
  • Germany Berlin, Germany
  • Romania Bucharest, Romania
  • Hungary Budapest, Hungary
  • Egypt Cairo, Egypt
  • Russia Chelyabinsk, Russia
  • Moldova Chișinău, Moldova
  • Russia Kurgan, Russia
  • Russia Kursk, Russia
  • Belarus Minsk, Belarus
  • Russia Omsk, Russia
  • Russia Penza, Russia
  • Russia Saratov, Russia
  • Russia Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
  • Russia Tomsk, Russia
  • China Ürümqi, China

Smart city initiative

The Smart Astana project is an initiative developed by the then-Astana city administration that incorporates technology-driven solutions in various sectors, like hospitals, schools, the ticket booking system and street lighting.[120] These projects run on an interconnected application, the Smart Astana.[120]

Astana’s smart city sector includes the annual Astana Innovations Challenge, designed to bring attention to the smart city concept.[121] In addition, the world’s first smart sustainable city acceleration hub is set to open in Astana. This hub was planned to integrate from 10 to 15 startup solutions into the infrastructure of Kazakhstan.[121]

See also

  • List of people from Astana

Footnotes

  1. ^ , also , ;[9][10][11][12] Kazakh pronunciation: [ɑstɑnɑ] (listen), Kazakh: Астана

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Further reading

  • Pospelov, Evgeni M. (1993). Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь [City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary]. Русские словари.
  • Kozlov, Denis; Gilburd, Eleonory (2013). The Thaw: Soviet Society and Culture during the 1950s and 1960s. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442644601.
  • Khrushchev, Sergei (2010). Никита Хрущев. Реформатор Никита Хрущев. Реформатор [Nikita Khrushchev. Reformer]. Время. ISBN 9785969105331.
  • Mallone, Laura (23 September 2016). «The Eccentric Autocrat Who Spent Billions Inventing A City». Wired.
  • Whyte, Andy (2000). Kisho Kurokawa, Architect and Associates: Selected and Current Works. Images Publishing. ISBN 9781864700190.
  • Vale, Lawrence (2014). Architecture, Power and National Identity. Routledge. ISBN 9781134729210.

External links

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Official website of the BIE
  • Expo 2017 Astana-Kazakhstan


This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 22:11

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