Эмодзи как пишется на английском

The «Grinning Face» emoji, from the Twemoji set

An emoji ( i-MOH-jee; plural emoji or emojis[1]) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation.[2] Examples of emoji are 😂, 😃, 🧘🏻‍♂️, 🌍, 🌦️, 🥖, 🚗, 📱, 🎉, ❤️, 🍆, 🍑 and 🏁. Emoji exist in various genres, including facial expressions, common objects, places and types of weather, and animals. They are much like emoticons, except emoji are pictures rather than typographic approximations; the term «emoji» in the strict sense refers to such pictures which can be represented as encoded characters, but it is sometimes applied to messaging stickers by extension.[3] Originally meaning pictograph, the word emoji comes from Japanese e (絵, ‘picture’) + moji (文字, ‘character’); the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental.[4] The ISO 15924 script code for emoji is Zsye.

Originating on Japanese mobile phones in 1997, emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after being added to several mobile operating systems.[5][6][7] They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West and around the world.[8][9] In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the Face with Tears of Joy emoji (😂) the word of the year.[10][11]

History

Evolution from emoticons (1990s)

The emoji was predated by the emoticon,[12] a concept implemented in 1982 by computer scientist Scott Fahlman when he suggested text-based symbols such as  :-) and  :-( could be used to replace language.[13] Theories about language replacement can be traced back to the 1960s, when Russian novelist and professor Vladimir Nabokov stated in an interview with The New York Times: «I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile — some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket.»[14] It did not become a mainstream concept until the 1990s when Japanese, American and European companies began developing Fahlman’s idea.[15][16] Mary Kalantzis and Bill Cope point out that similar symbology was incorporated by Bruce Parello, a student at the University of Illinois, into PLATO IV, the first e-learning system, in 1972.[17][18] The PLATO system was not considered mainstream, and therefore Parello’s pictograms were only used by a small number of people.[19] Scott Fahlman’s emoticons importantly used common alphabet symbols, and aimed to replace language/text to express emotion, and for that reason are seen as the actual origin of emoticons.

Wingdings icons, including smiling and frowning faces

Wingdings, a font invented by Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes, was released by Microsoft in 1990.[20] It could be used to send pictographs in rich text messages, but would only load on devices with the Wingdings font installed.[21] In 1995, the French newspaper Le Monde announced that Alcatel would be launching a new phone, the BC 600. Its welcome screen displayed a digital smiley face, replacing the usual text seen as part of the «welcome message» often seen on other devices at the time.[22] In 1997, J-Phone launched the SkyWalker DP-211SW, which contained a set of 90 emoji. It is thought to be the first set of its kind. Its designs, each measuring 12 by 12 pixels were monochrome, depicting numbers, sports, the time, moon phases and the weather. It contained the Pile of Poo emoji in particular.[21] The J-Phone model experienced low sales, and the emoji set was thus rarely used.[23]

In 1999, Shigetaka Kurita created 176 emoji as part of NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode, used on its mobile platform.[24][25][26] They were intended to help facilitate electronic communication, and to serve as a distinguishing feature from other services.[5] Due to their influence, Kurita’s designs were once claimed to be the first cellular emoji;[21] however, Kurita has denied that this is the case.[27][28] According to interviews, he took inspiration from Japanese manga where characters are often drawn with symbolic representations called manpu (such as a water drop on a face representing nervousness or confusion), and weather pictograms used to depict the weather conditions at any given time. He also drew inspiration from Chinese characters and street sign pictograms.[26][29][30] The DoCoMo i-Mode set included facial expressions, such as smiley faces, derived from a Japanese visual style commonly found in manga and anime, combined with kaomoji and smiley elements.[31] Kurita’s work is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.[32]

Kurita’s emoji were brightly colored, albeit with a single color per glyph. General-use emoji, such as sports, actions and weather, can readily be traced back to Kurita’s emoji set.[33] Notably absent from the set were pictograms that demonstrated emotion. The yellow-faced emoji in current use evolved from other emoticon sets and cannot be traced back to Kurita’s work.[33] His set also had generic images much like the J-Phones. Elsewhere in the 1990s, Nokia phones began including preset pictograms in its text messaging app, which they defined as «smileys and symbols».[34] A third notable emoji set was introduced by Japanese mobile phone brand au by KDDI.[21][35]

Development of emoji sets (2000–2007)

The basic 12-by-12-pixel emoji in Japan grew in popularity across various platforms over the next decade. This was aided by the popularity of DoCoMo i-mode, which for many was the origins of the smartphone.[clarification needed] The i-mode service also saw the introduction of emoji in conversation form on messenger apps. By 2004, i-mode had 40 million subscribers, exposing numerous people to emoji for the first time between 2000 and 2004. The popularity of i-mode led to other manufacturers offering their own emoji sets. While emoji adoption was high in Japan during this time, the competitors failed to collaborate to create a uniform set of emoji to be used across all platforms in the country.[36]

Smiley faces from DOS code page 437

The Universal Coded Character Set (Unicode), controlled by the Unicode Consortium and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2, had already been established as the international standard for text representation (ISO/IEC 10646) since 1993, although variants of Shift JIS remained relatively common in Japan. Unicode included several characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji, including some from North American or Western European sources such as DOS code page 437, ITC Zapf Dingbats or the WordPerfect Iconic Symbols set.[37][38] Unicode coverage of written characters was extended several times by new editions during the 2000s, with little interest in incorporating the Japanese cellular emoji sets (deemed out of scope),[39] although symbol characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji continued to be added. For example, Unicode 4.0 contained 16 new emoji, which included direction arrows, a warning triangle, and an eject button.[40] Besides Zapf Dingbats, other dingbat fonts such as Wingdings or Webdings also included additional pictographic symbols in their own custom pi font encodings; unlike Zapf Dingbats, however, many of these would not be available as Unicode emoji until 2014.[41]

The Smiley Company developed The Smiley Dictionary, which was launched in 2001. The desktop platform was aimed at allowing people to insert smileys as text when sending emails and writing on a desktop computer.[42] The smiley toolbar offered a variety of symbols and smileys and was used on platforms such as MSN Messenger.[43] Nokia, then one of the largest global telecom companies, was still referring to today’s emoji sets as smileys in 2001.[44] The digital smiley movement was headed up by Nicolas Loufrani, the CEO of The Smiley Company.[42] He created a smiley toolbar, which was available at smileydictionary.com during the early 2000s to be sent as emoji are today.[45]

Beginnings of Unicode emoji (2008–2014)

Mobile providers in both the United States and Europe began discussions on how to introduce their own emoji sets from 2004 onwards. Many companies did not begin to take emoji seriously until Google employees requested that Unicode look into the possibility of a uniform emoji set. Apple quickly followed and began to collaborate with not only Google, but also providers in Europe and Japan. In August 2007, Mark Davis and his colleagues Kat Momoi and Markus Scherer wrote the first draft for consideration by the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC), to introduce emoji into the Unicode standard. The UTC, having previously deemed emoji to be out of scope for Unicode, made the decision to broaden its scope to enable compatibility with the Japanese cellular carrier formats which were becoming more widespread.[39] Peter Edberg and Yasuo Kida joined the collaborative effort from Apple Inc. shortly after, and their official UTC proposal came in January 2009.

Pending the assignment of standard Unicode code points, Google and Apple implemented emoji support via Private Use Area schemes. Google first introduced emoji in Gmail in October 2008, in collaboration with au by KDDI,[35] and Apple introduced the first release of Apple Color Emoji to iPhone OS on 21 November 2008.[46] Initially, Apple’s emoji support was implemented for holders of a SoftBank SIM card; the emoji themselves were represented using SoftBank’s Private Use Area scheme and mostly resembled the SoftBank designs.[47] Gmail emoji used their own Private Use Area scheme, in a supplementary Private Use plane.[48][49]

Separately, a proposal had been submitted in 2008 to add the ARIB extended characters used in broadcasting in Japan to Unicode. This included several pictographic symbols.[50] These were added in Unicode 5.2 in 2009, a year before the cellular emoji sets were fully added; they include several characters which either also appeared amongst the cellular emoji[48] or were subsequently classified as emoji.[51]

After iPhone users in the United States discovered that downloading Japanese apps allowed access to the keyboard, pressure grew to expand the availability of the emoji keyboard beyond Japan.[52] The Emoji application for iOS, which altered the Settings app to allow access to the emoji keyboard, was created by Josh Gare in February 2010.[53] Before the existence of Gare’s Emoji app, Apple had intended for the emoji keyboard to only be available in Japan in iOS version 2.2.[54]

Throughout 2009, members of the Unicode Consortium and national standardization bodies of various countries gave feedback and proposed changes to the international standardization of the emoji. The feedback from various bodies in the United States, Europe, and Japan agreed on a set of 722 emoji as the standard set. This would be released in October 2010 in Unicode 6.0.[55] Apple made the emoji keyboard available to those outside of Japan in iOS version 5.0 in 2011.[56] Later, Unicode 7.0 (June 2014) added the character repertoires of the Webdings and Wingdings fonts to Unicode, resulting in approximately 250 more Unicode emoji.[41]

The Unicode emoji whose code points were assigned in 2014 or earlier are therefore taken from several sources. A single character could exist in multiple sources, and characters from a source were unified with existing characters where appropriate: for example, the «shower» weather symbol (☔️) from the ARIB source was unified with an existing umbrella with raindrops character,[57] which had been added for KPS 9566 compatibility.[58] The emoji characters named «Rain» («雨», ame) from all three Japanese carriers were in turn unified with the ARIB character.[48] However, the Unicode Consortium groups the most significant sources of emoji into four categories:[59]

Source category Abbreviations Unicode version (year) Included sources Example
Zapf Dingbats ZDings, z 1.0 (1991) ITC Zapf Dingbats Series 100 ❣️ (U+2763 ← 0xA3)[60]
ARIB ARIB, a 5.2 (2008) ARIB STD-B24 Volume 1 extended Shift JIS ⛩️ (U+26E9 ← 0xEE4B)[61]
Japanese carriers JCarrier, j 6.0 (2010) NTT DoCoMo mobile Shift JIS 🎠 (U+1F3A0 ← 0xF8DA)[62]
au by KDDI mobile Shift JIS 📌 (U+1F4CC ← 0xF78A)[62]
SoftBank 3G mobile Shift JIS 💒 (U+1F492 ← 0xFB7D)[62]
Wingdings and Webdings WDings, w 7.0 (2014) Webdings 🛳️ (U+1F6F3 ← 0x54)[63]
Wingdings 🏵️ (U+1F3F5 ← 0x7B)[63]
Wingdings 2 🖍️ (U+1F58D ← 0x24)[63]
Wingdings 3 ▶️ (U+25B6 ← 0x75)[63][a]

UTS #51 and modern emoji (2015–present)

In late 2014, a Public Review Issue was created by the Unicode Technical Committee, seeking feedback on a proposed Unicode Technical Report (UTR) titled «Unicode Emoji». This was intended to improve interoperability of emoji between vendors, and define a means of supporting multiple skin tones. The feedback period closed in January 2015.[64] Also in January 2015, the use of the zero width joiner to indicate that a sequence of emoji could be shown as a single equivalent glyph (analogous to a ligature) as a means of implementing emoji without atomic code points, such as varied compositions of families, was discussed within the «emoji ad-hoc committee».[65]

Unicode 8.0 (June 2015) added another 41 emoji, including articles of sports equipment such as the cricket bat, food items such as the taco, new facial expressions, and symbols for places of worship, as well as five characters (crab, scorpion, lion face, bow and arrow, amphora) to improve support for pictorial rather than symbolic representations of the signs of the Zodiac.[b][67]

Also in June 2015, the first approved version («Emoji 1.0») of the Unicode Emoji report was published as Unicode Technical Report #51 (UTR #51). This introduced the mechanism of skin tone indicators, the first official recommendations about which Unicode characters were to be considered emoji, and the first official recommendations about which characters were to be displayed in an emoji font in absence of a variation selector, and listed the zero width joiner sequences for families and couples that were implemented by existing vendors.[68] Maintenance of UTR #51, taking emoji requests, and creating proposals for emoji characters and emoji mechanisms was made the responsibility of the Unicode Emoji Subcommittee (ESC), operating as a subcommittee of the Unicode Technical Committee,[69][70]

With the release of version 5.0 in May 2017 alongside Unicode 10.0, UTR #51 was redesignated a Unicode Technical Standard (UTS #51), making it an independent specification rather than merely an informative document.[71] As of July 2017, there were 2,666 Unicode emoji listed.[72] The next version of UTS #51 (published in May 2018) skipped to the version number Emoji 11.0, so as to synchronise its major version number with the corresponding version of the Unicode Standard.[73]

The popularity of emoji has caused pressure from vendors and international markets to add additional designs into the Unicode standard to meet the demands of different cultures. Some characters now defined as emoji are inherited from a variety of pre-Unicode messenger systems not only used in Japan, including Yahoo and MSN Messenger.[74]

Corporate demand for emoji standardization has placed pressures on the Unicode Consortium, with some members complaining that it had overtaken the group’s traditional focus on standardizing characters used for minority languages and transcribing historical records.[75] Conversely, the Consortium recognises that public desire for emoji support has put pressure on vendors to improve their Unicode support,[76] which is especially true for characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane,[77] thus leading to better support for Unicode’s historic and minority scripts in deployed software.[76]

Cultural influence

Oxford Dictionaries named U+1F602 😂 FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY[78] its 2015 Word of the Year.[79] Oxford noted that 2015 had seen a sizable increase in the use of the word «emoji» and recognized its impact on popular culture.[79] Oxford Dictionaries President Caspar Grathwohl expressed that «traditional alphabet scripts have been struggling to meet the rapid-fire, visually focused demands of 21st Century communication. It’s not surprising that a pictographic script like emoji has stepped in to fill those gaps—it’s flexible, immediate, and infuses tone beautifully.»[80] SwiftKey found that «Face with Tears of Joy» was the most popular emoji across the world.[81] The American Dialect Society declared U+1F346 🍆 AUBERGINE to be the «Most Notable Emoji» of 2015 in their Word of the Year vote.[82]

Some emoji are specific to Japanese culture, such as a bowing businessman (U+1F647 🙇 ), the shoshinsha mark used to indicate a beginner driver (U+1F530 🔰 ), a white flower (U+1F4AE 💮 ) used to denote «brilliant homework»,[83] or a group of emoji representing popular foods: ramen noodles (U+1F35C 🍜 ), dango (U+1F361 🍡 ), onigiri (U+1F359 🍙 ), curry (U+1F35B 🍛 ), and sushi (U+1F363 🍣 ). Unicode Consortium founder Mark Davis compared the use of emoji to a developing language, particularly mentioning the American use of eggplant (U+1F346 🍆 ) to represent a phallus.[84] Some linguists have classified emoji and emoticons as discourse markers.[85]

In December 2015 a sentiment analysis of emoji was published,[86] and the Emoji Sentiment Ranking 1.0[87] was provided. In 2016, a musical about emoji premiered in Los Angeles.[88][89] The computer-animated The Emoji Movie was released in summer 2017.[90][91]

In January 2017, in what is believed to be the first large-scale study of emoji usage, researchers at the University of Michigan analyzed over 1.2 billion messages input via the Kika Emoji Keyboard[92] and announced that the Face With Tears of Joy was the most popular emoji. The Heart and the Heart eyes emoji stood second and third, respectively. The study also found that the French use heart emoji the most.[93] People in countries like Australia, France, and the Czech Republic used more happy emoji, while this was not so for people in Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina, where people used more negative emoji in comparison to cultural hubs known for restraint and self-discipline, like Turkey, France and Russia.[94]

There has been discussion among legal experts on whether or not emoji could be admissible as evidence in court trials.[95][96] Furthermore, as emoji continue to develop and grow as a «language» of symbols, there may also be the potential of the formation of emoji «dialects».[97] Emoji are being used as more than just to show reactions and emotions.[98] Snapchat has even incorporated emoji in its trophy and friends system with each emoji showing a complex meaning.[99] Emojis can also convey different meanings based on syntax and inversion. For instance, ‘fairy comments’ involve heart, star, and fairy emojis placed between the words of a sentence. These comments often invert the meanings associated with hearts and may be used to ‘tread on borders of offense.’[100]

In 2017, the MIT Media Lab published DeepMoji, a deep neural network sentiment analysis algorithm that was trained on 1.2 billion emoji occurrences in Twitter data from 2013 to 2017.[101][102] DeepMoji was found to outperform human subjects in correctly identifying sarcasm in Tweets and other online modes of communication.[103][104][105]

Use in furthering causes

On March 5, 2019,[106] a drop of blood (U+1FA78 🩸 ) emoji was released, which is intended to help break the stigma of menstruation.[107] In addition to normalizing periods, it will also be relevant to describe medical topics such as donating blood and other blood-related activities.[107]

A mosquito (U+1F99F 🦟 ) emoji was added in 2018 to raise awareness for diseases spread by the insect, such as dengue and malaria.[108]

Linguistic function of emojis

Linguistically, emoji are used to indicate emotional state, they tend to be used more in positive communication. Some researchers believe emoji can be used for visual rhetoric. Emoji can be used to set emotional tone in messages. Emoji tend not to have their own meaning but act as a paralanguage adding meaning to text. Emoji can add clarity and credibility to text.[109]

Sociolinguistically, the use of emoji differ depending on speaker and setting. Women use emoji more than men. Men use a wider variety of emoji. Women are more likely to use emoji in public communication than private communication. Extraversion and agreeableness are positively correlated with emoji use, neuroticism is negative correlated. Emoji use differ between cultures: studies in terms of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory found that cultures with high power distance and tolerance to indulgence used more negative emojis, while those with high uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation use more positive emojis.[109]

Emoji communication problems

Research has shown that emoji are often misunderstood. In some cases, this misunderstanding is related to how the actual emoji design is interpreted by the viewer;[110] in other cases, the emoji that was sent is not shown in the same way on the receiving side.[111]

The first issue relates to the cultural or contextual interpretation of the emoji. When the author picks an emoji, they think about it in a certain way, but the same character may not trigger the same thoughts in the mind of the receiver[112] (see also Models of communication).

For example, people in China have developed a system for using emoji subversively, so that a smiley face could be sent to convey a despising, mocking, and even obnoxious attitude, as the orbicularis oculi (the muscle near that upper eye corner) on the face of the emoji does not move, and the orbicularis oris (the one near the mouth) tightens, which is believed to be a sign of suppressing a smile.[113]

The second problem relates to technology and branding. When an author of a message picks an emoji from a list, it is normally encoded in a non-graphical manner during the transmission, and if the author and the reader do not use the same software or operating system for their devices, the reader’s device may visualize the same emoji in a different way. Small changes to a character’s look may completely alter its perceived meaning with the receiver. As an example, in April 2020, British actress and presenter Jameela Jamil posted a tweet from her iPhone using the Face with Hand Over Mouth emoji (🤭) as part of a comment on people shopping for food during the COVID-19 pandemic. On Apple’s iOS, the emoji expression is neutral and pensive, but on other platforms the emoji shows as a giggling face. Many fans were initially upset thinking that she, as a well off celebrity, was mocking poor people, but this was not her intended meaning.[114]

Researchers from German Studies Institute at Ruhr-Universität Bochum found that most people can easily understand an emoji when it replaces a word directly – like an icon for a rose instead of the word ‘rose’ – yet it takes people about 50 percent longer to comprehend the emoji.[citation needed]

Variation and ambiguity

Emoji characters vary slightly between platforms within the limits in meaning defined by the Unicode specification, as companies have tried to provide artistic presentations of ideas and objects.[115] For example, following an Apple tradition, the calendar emoji on Apple products always shows July 17, the date in 2002 Apple announced its iCal calendar application for macOS. This led some Apple product users to initially nickname July 17 «World Emoji Day».[116] Other emoji fonts show different dates or do not show a specific one.[117]

Some Apple emoji are very similar to the SoftBank standard, since SoftBank was the first Japanese network on which the iPhone launched. For example, U+1F483 💃 DANCER is female on Apple and SoftBank standards but male or gender-neutral on others.[118]

Journalists have noted that the ambiguity of emoji has allowed them to take on culture-specific meanings not present in the original glyphs. For example, U+1F485 💅 NAIL POLISH has been described as being used in English-language communities to signify «non-caring fabulousness»[119] and «anything from shutting haters down to a sense of accomplishment».[120][121] Unicode manuals sometimes provide notes on auxiliary meanings of an object to guide designers on how emoji may be used, for example noting that some users may expect U+1F4BA 💺 SEAT to stand for «a reserved or ticketed seat, as for an airplane, train, or theater».[122]

Controversial emoji

Some emoji have been involved in controversy due to their perceived meanings. Multiple arrests and imprisonments have followed usage of pistol (U+1F52B 🔫 ), knife (U+1F5E1 🗡 ), and bomb (U+1F4A3 💣 ) emoji in ways that authorities deemed credible threats.[123]

In the lead-up to the 2016 Summer Olympics, the Unicode Consortium considered proposals to add several Olympic-related emoji, including medals and events such as handball and water polo.[124] By October 2015, these candidate emoji included «rifle» (U+1F946 🥆 ) and «modern pentathlon» (U+1F93B 🤻 ).[125][126] However, in 2016, Apple and Microsoft opposed these two emoji, and the characters were added without emoji presentations, meaning that software is expected to render them in black-and-white rather than color, and emoji-specific software such as onscreen keyboards will generally not include them. In addition, while the original incarnations of the modern pentathlon emoji depicted its five events, including a man pointing a gun, the final glyph contains a person riding a horse, along with a laser pistol target in the corner.[123][126][127]

Drawing of a revolver

Drawing of a water pistol

On August 1, 2016, Apple announced that in iOS 10, the pistol emoji (U+1F52B 🔫 ) would be changed from a realistic revolver to a water pistol.[123] Conversely, the following day, Microsoft pushed out an update to Windows 10 that changed its longstanding depiction of the pistol emoji as a toy ray-gun to a real revolver.[128] Microsoft stated that the change was made to bring the glyph more in line with industry-standard designs and customer expectations.[128] By 2018, most major platforms such as Google, Microsoft, Samsung, Facebook, and Twitter had transitioned their rendering of the pistol emoji to match Apple’s water gun implementation.[129] Apple’s change of depiction from a realistic gun to a toy gun was criticised by, among others, the editor of Emojipedia, because it could lead to messages appearing differently to the receiver than the sender had intended.[130] Insider‘s Rob Price said it created the potential for «serious miscommunication across different platforms», and asked «What if a joke sent from an Apple user to a Google user is misconstrued because of differences in rendering? Or if a genuine threat sent by a Google user to an Apple user goes unreported because it is taken as a joke?»[131]

The eggplant (aubergine) emoji (U+1F346 🍆 ) has also seen controversy due to it being used to represent a penis.[82][84][132][133] Beginning in December 2014, the hashtag #EggplantFridays began to rise to popularity on Instagram for use in marking photos featuring clothed or unclothed penises.[132][133] This became such a popular trend that, beginning in April 2015, Instagram disabled the ability to search for not only the #EggplantFridays tag, but also other eggplant-containing hashtags, including simply #eggplant and #🍆.[132][133][134]

The peach emoji (U+1F351 🍑 ) has likewise been used as a euphemistic icon for buttocks, with a 2016 Emojipedia analysis revealing that only seven percent of English language tweets with the peach emoji refer to the actual fruit.[135][136][137] In 2016, Apple attempted to redesign the emoji to less resemble buttocks. This was met with fierce backlash in beta testing, and Apple reversed its decision by the time it went live to the public.[138]

In December 2017, a lawyer in Delhi, India, threatened to file a lawsuit against WhatsApp for allowing use of the middle finger emoji (U+1F595 🖕 ) on the basis that the company is «directly abetting the use of an offensive, lewd, obscene gesture» in violation of the Indian Penal Code.[139]

Emoji implementation

Early implementation in Japan

Various, often incompatible, character encoding schemes were developed by the different mobile providers in Japan for their own emoji sets.[48][62] For example, the extended Shift JIS representation F797 is used for a convenience store (🏪) by SoftBank, but for a wristwatch (⌚️) by KDDI.[62][48] All three vendors also developed schemes for encoding their emoji in the Unicode Private Use Area: DoCoMo, for example, used the range U+E63E through U+E757.[48] Versions of iOS prior to 5.1 encoded emoji in the SoftBank private use area.[140][141]

Unicode support considerations

Most, but not all, emoji are included in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP) of Unicode, which is also used for ancient scripts, some modern scripts such as Adlam or Osage, and special-use characters such as Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols.[142] Some systems introduced prior to the advent of Unicode emoji were only designed to support characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), on the assumption that non-BMP characters would rarely be encountered,[77] although failure to properly handle characters outside of the BMP precludes Unicode compliance.[143]

The introduction of Unicode emoji created an incentive for vendors to improve their support for non-BMP characters.[77] The Unicode Consortium notes that «[b]ecause of the demand for emoji, many implementations have upgraded their Unicode support substantially», also helping support for minority languages that use those features.[76]

Color support

Any operating system that supports adding additional fonts to the system can add an emoji-supporting font. However, inclusion of colorful emoji in existing font formats requires dedicated support for color glyphs. Not all operating systems have support for color fonts, so in these cases emoji might have to be rendered as black-and-white line art or not at all. There are four different formats used for multi-color glyphs in an SFNT font,[144] not all of which are necessarily supported by a given operating system library or software package such as a web browser or graphical program.[145] This means that color fonts may need to be supplied in several formats to be usable on multiple operating systems, or in multiple applications.

Implementation by different platforms and vendors

Apple first introduced emoji to their desktop operating system with the release of OS X 10.7 Lion, in 2011. Users can view emoji characters sent through email and messaging applications, which are commonly shared by mobile users, as well as any other application. Users can create emoji symbols using the «Characters» special input panel from almost any native application by selecting the «Edit» menu and pulling down to «Special Characters», or by the key combination ⌘ Command+⌥ Option+T. The emoji keyboard was first available in Japan with the release of iPhone OS version 2.2 in 2008.[146] The emoji keyboard was not officially made available outside of Japan until iOS version 5.0.[147] From iPhone OS 2.2 through to iOS 4.3.5 (2011), those outside Japan could access the keyboard but had to use a third-party app to enable it. Apple has revealed that the «face with tears of joy» is the most popular emoji among English speaking Americans. On second place is the «heart» emoji followed by the «Loudly Crying Face».[148][149]

An update for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 brought a subset of the monochrome Unicode set to those operating systems as part of the Segoe UI Symbol font.[150] As of Windows 8.1 Preview, the Segoe UI Emoji font is included, which supplies full-color pictographs. The plain Segoe UI font lacks emoji characters, whereas Segoe UI Symbol and Segoe UI Emoji include them. Emoji characters are accessed through the onscreen keyboard’s 😀 key, or through the physical keyboard shortcut ⊞ Win+..

Facebook and Twitter replace all Unicode emoji used on their websites with their own custom graphics. Prior to October 2017, Facebook had different sets for the main site and for its Messenger service, where only the former provides complete coverage. Messenger now uses Apple emoji on iOS, and the main Facebook set elsewhere.[151] Facebook reactions are only partially compatible with standard emoji.[152]

Modifiers

Emoji versus text presentation

Unicode defines variation sequences for many of its emoji to indicate their desired presentation.

Emoji characters can have two main kinds of presentation:

  • an emoji presentation, with colorful and perhaps whimsical shapes, even animated
  • a text presentation, such as black & white

    — Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode Emoji[59]

Specifying the desired presentation is done by following the base emoji with either U+FE0E VARIATION SELECTOR-15 (VS15) for text or U+FE0F VARIATION SELECTOR-16 (VS16) for emoji-style.[153]

Sample emoji variation sequences

U+ 2139 231B 26A0 2712 2764 1F004 1F21A
default presentation text emoji text text text emoji emoji
base code point ℹ ⌛ ⚠ ✒ ❤ 🀄 🈚
base+VS15 (text) ℹ︎ ⌛︎ ⚠︎ ✒︎ ❤︎ 🀄︎ 🈚︎
base+VS16 (emoji) ℹ️ ⌛️ ⚠️ ✒️ ❤️ 🀄️ 🈚️
Twemoji image Twemoji2 2139.svg Twemoji2 231b.svg Twemoji2 26a0.svg Twemoji2 2712.svg Twemoji2 2764.svg Twemoji2 1f004.svg Twemoji2 1f21a.svg

Skin color

Five symbol modifier characters were added with Unicode 8.0 to provide a range of skin tones for human emoji. These modifiers are called EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-1-2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 (U+1F3FB–U+1F3FF): 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿. They are based on the Fitzpatrick scale for classifying human skin color. Human emoji that are not followed by one of these five modifiers should be displayed in a generic, non-realistic skin tone, such as bright yellow (■), blue (■), or gray (■).[59] Non-human emoji (like U+26FD ⛽ FUEL PUMP) are unaffected by the Fitzpatrick modifiers.
As of Unicode version 15.0, Fitzpatrick modifiers can be used with 131 human emoji spread across seven blocks: Dingbats, Emoticons, Miscellaneous Symbols, Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs, Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs, Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A, and Transport and Map Symbols.[154]

The following table shows both the Unicode characters and the open-source «Twemoji» images, designed by Twitter:

Sample use of Fitzpatrick modifiers

Code point Default FITZ-1-2 FITZ-3 FITZ-4 FITZ-5 FITZ-6
U+1F9D2: Child Text 🧒 🧒🏻 🧒🏼 🧒🏽 🧒🏾 🧒🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f9d2.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3ff.svg
U+1F466: Boy Text 👦 👦🏻 👦🏼 👦🏽 👦🏾 👦🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f466.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3ff.svg
U+1F467: Girl Text 👧 👧🏻 👧🏼 👧🏽 👧🏾 👧🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f467.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3ff.svg
U+1F9D1: Adult Text 🧑 🧑🏻 🧑🏼 🧑🏽 🧑🏾 🧑🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f9d1.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3ff.svg
U+1F468: Man Text 👨 👨🏻 👨🏼 👨🏽 👨🏾 👨🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f468.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3ff.svg
U+1F469: Woman Text 👩 👩🏻 👩🏼 👩🏽 👩🏾 👩🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f469.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3ff.svg

Joining

Behaviour of the ZWJ and

ZWNJ format controls with various types of character, including emoji.

Implementations may use a zero-width joiner (ZWJ) between multiple emoji to make them behave like a single, unique emoji character.[59] For example, the sequence U+1F468 👨 MAN, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F469 👩 WOMAN, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F467 👧 GIRL (👨‍👩‍👧) could be displayed as a single emoji depicting a family with a man, a woman, and a girl if the implementation supports it. Systems that do not support it would ignore the ZWJs, displaying only the three base emoji in order (👨👩👧).

Unicode previously maintained a catalog of emoji ZWJ sequences that were supported on at least one commonly available platform. The consortium has since switched to documenting sequences that are recommended for general interchange (RGI). These are clusters that emoji fonts are expected to include as part of the standard.[155]

The ZWJ has also been used to implement platform specific emojis. For example, in 2016 Microsoft released a series of Ninja Cat emojis for their Windows 10 Anniversary Update. The sequence U+1F431 🐱 CAT FACE, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F464 👤 BUST IN SILHOUETTE were used to create Ninja Cat (🐱‍👤) .[c][156] Ninja Cat and variants were removed in late 2021’s Fluent emoji redesign.[157]

In Unicode

Unicode 15.0 represents emoji using 1,424 characters spread across 24 blocks, of which 26 are Regional indicator symbols that combine in pairs to form flag emoji, and 12 (#, * and 0–9) are base characters for keycap emoji sequences:[154][59]

637 of the 768 code points in the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block are considered emoji. 242 of the 256 code points in the Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs block are considered emoji. All of the 107 code points in the Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A block are considered emoji. All of the 80 code points in the Emoticons block are considered emoji. 105 of the 118 code points in the Transport and Map Symbols block are considered emoji. 83 of the 256 code points in the Miscellaneous Symbols block are considered emoji. 33 of the 192 code points in the Dingbats block are considered emoji.

  • v
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List of Unicode single emojis[1][2][3][4]
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+00Ax ©️ ®️
U+203x ‼️
U+204x ⁉️
U+212x ™️
U+213x ℹ️
U+219x ↔️ ↕️ ↖️ ↗️ ↘️ ↙️
U+21Ax ↩️ ↪️
U+231x ⌚️ ⌛️
U+232x ⌨️
U+23Cx ⏏️
U+23Ex ⏩️ ⏪️ ⏫️ ⏬️ ⏭️ ⏮️ ⏯️
U+23Fx ⏰️ ⏱️ ⏲️ ⏳️ ⏸️ ⏹️ ⏺️
U+24Cx Ⓜ️
U+25Ax ▪️ ▫️
U+25Bx ▶️
U+25Cx ◀️
U+25Fx ◻️ ◼️ ◽️ ◾️
U+260x ☀️ ☁️ ☂️ ☃️ ☄️ ☎️
U+261x ☑️ ☔️ ☕️ ☘️ ☝️
U+262x ☠️ ☢️ ☣️ ☦️ ☪️ ☮️ ☯️
U+263x ☸️ ☹️ ☺️
U+264x ♀️ ♂️ ♈️ ♉️ ♊️ ♋️ ♌️ ♍️ ♎️ ♏️
U+265x ♐️ ♑️ ♒️ ♓️ ♟️
U+266x ♠️ ♣️ ♥️ ♦️ ♨️
U+267x ♻️ ♾️ ♿️
U+269x ⚒️ ⚓️ ⚔️ ⚕️ ⚖️ ⚗️ ⚙️ ⚛️ ⚜️
U+26Ax ⚠️ ⚡️ ⚧️ ⚪️ ⚫️
U+26Bx ⚰️ ⚱️ ⚽️ ⚾️
U+26Cx ⛄️ ⛅️ ⛈️ ⛎️ ⛏️
U+26Dx ⛑️ ⛓️ ⛔️
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+26Ex ⛩️ ⛪️
U+26Fx ⛰️ ⛱️ ⛲️ ⛳️ ⛴️ ⛵️ ⛷️ ⛸️ ⛹️ ⛺️ ⛽️
U+270x ✂️ ✅️ ✈️ ✉️ ✊️ ✋️ ✌️ ✍️ ✏️
U+271x ✒️ ✔️ ✖️ ✝️
U+272x ✡️ ✨️
U+273x ✳️ ✴️
U+274x ❄️ ❇️ ❌️ ❎️
U+275x ❓️ ❔️ ❕️ ❗️
U+276x ❣️ ❤️
U+279x ➕️ ➖️ ➗️
U+27Ax ➡️
U+27Bx ➰️ ➿️
U+293x ⤴️ ⤵️
U+2B0x ⬅️ ⬆️ ⬇️
U+2B1x ⬛️ ⬜️
U+2B5x ⭐️ ⭕️
U+303x 〰️ 〽️
U+329x ㊗️ ㊙️
U+1F00x 🀄
U+1F0Cx 🃏
U+1F17x 🅰️ 🅱️ 🅾️ 🅿️
U+1F18x 🆎
U+1F19x 🆑 🆒 🆓 🆔 🆕 🆖 🆗 🆘 🆙 🆚
U+1F20x 🈁 🈂️
U+1F21x 🈚
U+1F22x 🈯
U+1F23x 🈲 🈳 🈴 🈵 🈶 🈷️ 🈸 🈹 🈺
U+1F25x 🉐 🉑
U+1F30x 🌀 🌁 🌂 🌃 🌄 🌅 🌆 🌇 🌈 🌉 🌊 🌋 🌌 🌍 🌎 🌏
U+1F31x 🌐 🌑 🌒 🌓 🌔 🌕 🌖 🌗 🌘 🌙 🌚 🌛 🌜 🌝 🌞 🌟
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F32x 🌠 🌡️ 🌤️ 🌥️ 🌦️ 🌧️ 🌨️ 🌩️ 🌪️ 🌫️ 🌬️ 🌭 🌮 🌯
U+1F33x 🌰 🌱 🌲 🌳 🌴 🌵 🌶️ 🌷 🌸 🌹 🌺 🌻 🌼 🌽 🌾 🌿
U+1F34x 🍀 🍁 🍂 🍃 🍄 🍅 🍆 🍇 🍈 🍉 🍊 🍋 🍌 🍍 🍎 🍏
U+1F35x 🍐 🍑 🍒 🍓 🍔 🍕 🍖 🍗 🍘 🍙 🍚 🍛 🍜 🍝 🍞 🍟
U+1F36x 🍠 🍡 🍢 🍣 🍤 🍥 🍦 🍧 🍨 🍩 🍪 🍫 🍬 🍭 🍮 🍯
U+1F37x 🍰 🍱 🍲 🍳 🍴 🍵 🍶 🍷 🍸 🍹 🍺 🍻 🍼 🍽️ 🍾 🍿
U+1F38x 🎀 🎁 🎂 🎃 🎄 🎅 🎆 🎇 🎈 🎉 🎊 🎋 🎌 🎍 🎎 🎏
U+1F39x 🎐 🎑 🎒 🎓 🎖️ 🎗️ 🎙️ 🎚️ 🎛️ 🎞️ 🎟️
U+1F3Ax 🎠 🎡 🎢 🎣 🎤 🎥 🎦 🎧 🎨 🎩 🎪 🎫 🎬 🎭 🎮 🎯
U+1F3Bx 🎰 🎱 🎲 🎳 🎴 🎵 🎶 🎷 🎸 🎹 🎺 🎻 🎼 🎽 🎾 🎿
U+1F3Cx 🏀 🏁 🏂 🏃 🏄 🏅 🏆 🏇 🏈 🏉 🏊 🏋️ 🏌️ 🏍️ 🏎️ 🏏
U+1F3Dx 🏐 🏑 🏒 🏓 🏔️ 🏕️ 🏖️ 🏗️ 🏘️ 🏙️ 🏚️ 🏛️ 🏜️ 🏝️ 🏞️ 🏟️
U+1F3Ex 🏠 🏡 🏢 🏣 🏤 🏥 🏦 🏧 🏨 🏩 🏪 🏫 🏬 🏭 🏮 🏯
U+1F3Fx 🏰 🏳️ 🏴 🏵️ 🏷️ 🏸 🏹 🏺 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿
U+1F40x 🐀 🐁 🐂 🐃 🐄 🐅 🐆 🐇 🐈 🐉 🐊 🐋 🐌 🐍 🐎 🐏
U+1F41x 🐐 🐑 🐒 🐓 🐔 🐕 🐖 🐗 🐘 🐙 🐚 🐛 🐜 🐝 🐞 🐟
U+1F42x 🐠 🐡 🐢 🐣 🐤 🐥 🐦 🐧 🐨 🐩 🐪 🐫 🐬 🐭 🐮 🐯
U+1F43x 🐰 🐱 🐲 🐳 🐴 🐵 🐶 🐷 🐸 🐹 🐺 🐻 🐼 🐽 🐾 🐿️
U+1F44x 👀 👁️ 👂 👃 👄 👅 👆 👇 👈 👉 👊 👋 👌 👍 👎 👏
U+1F45x 👐 👑 👒 👓 👔 👕 👖 👗 👘 👙 👚 👛 👜 👝 👞 👟
U+1F46x 👠 👡 👢 👣 👤 👥 👦 👧 👨 👩 👪 👫 👬 👭 👮 👯
U+1F47x 👰 👱 👲 👳 👴 👵 👶 👷 👸 👹 👺 👻 👼 👽 👾 👿
U+1F48x 💀 💁 💂 💃 💄 💅 💆 💇 💈 💉 💊 💋 💌 💍 💎 💏
U+1F49x 💐 💑 💒 💓 💔 💕 💖 💗 💘 💙 💚 💛 💜 💝 💞 💟
U+1F4Ax 💠 💡 💢 💣 💤 💥 💦 💧 💨 💩 💪 💫 💬 💭 💮 💯
U+1F4Bx 💰 💱 💲 💳 💴 💵 💶 💷 💸 💹 💺 💻 💼 💽 💾 💿
U+1F4Cx 📀 📁 📂 📃 📄 📅 📆 📇 📈 📉 📊 📋 📌 📍 📎 📏
U+1F4Dx 📐 📑 📒 📓 📔 📕 📖 📗 📘 📙 📚 📛 📜 📝 📞 📟
U+1F4Ex 📠 📡 📢 📣 📤 📥 📦 📧 📨 📩 📪 📫 📬 📭 📮 📯
U+1F4Fx 📰 📱 📲 📳 📴 📵 📶 📷 📸 📹 📺 📻 📼 📽️ 📿
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F50x 🔀 🔁 🔂 🔃 🔄 🔅 🔆 🔇 🔈 🔉 🔊 🔋 🔌 🔍 🔎 🔏
U+1F51x 🔐 🔑 🔒 🔓 🔔 🔕 🔖 🔗 🔘 🔙 🔚 🔛 🔜 🔝 🔞 🔟
U+1F52x 🔠 🔡 🔢 🔣 🔤 🔥 🔦 🔧 🔨 🔩 🔪 🔫 🔬 🔭 🔮 🔯
U+1F53x 🔰 🔱 🔲 🔳 🔴 🔵 🔶 🔷 🔸 🔹 🔺 🔻 🔼 🔽
U+1F54x 🕉️ 🕊️ 🕋 🕌 🕍 🕎
U+1F55x 🕐 🕑 🕒 🕓 🕔 🕕 🕖 🕗 🕘 🕙 🕚 🕛 🕜 🕝 🕞 🕟
U+1F56x 🕠 🕡 🕢 🕣 🕤 🕥 🕦 🕧 🕯️
U+1F57x 🕰️ 🕳️ 🕴️ 🕵️ 🕶️ 🕷️ 🕸️ 🕹️ 🕺
U+1F58x 🖇️ 🖊️ 🖋️ 🖌️ 🖍️
U+1F59x 🖐️ 🖕 🖖
U+1F5Ax 🖤 🖥️ 🖨️
U+1F5Bx 🖱️ 🖲️ 🖼️
U+1F5Cx 🗂️ 🗃️ 🗄️
U+1F5Dx 🗑️ 🗒️ 🗓️ 🗜️ 🗝️ 🗞️
U+1F5Ex 🗡️ 🗣️ 🗨️ 🗯️
U+1F5Fx 🗳️ 🗺️ 🗻 🗼 🗽 🗾 🗿
U+1F60x 😀 😁 😂 😃 😄 😅 😆 😇 😈 😉 😊 😋 😌 😍 😎 😏
U+1F61x 😐 😑 😒 😓 😔 😕 😖 😗 😘 😙 😚 😛 😜 😝 😞 😟
U+1F62x 😠 😡 😢 😣 😤 😥 😦 😧 😨 😩 😪 😫 😬 😭 😮 😯
U+1F63x 😰 😱 😲 😳 😴 😵 😶 😷 😸 😹 😺 😻 😼 😽 😾 😿
U+1F64x 🙀 🙁 🙂 🙃 🙄 🙅 🙆 🙇 🙈 🙉 🙊 🙋 🙌 🙍 🙎 🙏
U+1F68x 🚀 🚁 🚂 🚃 🚄 🚅 🚆 🚇 🚈 🚉 🚊 🚋 🚌 🚍 🚎 🚏
U+1F69x 🚐 🚑 🚒 🚓 🚔 🚕 🚖 🚗 🚘 🚙 🚚 🚛 🚜 🚝 🚞 🚟
U+1F6Ax 🚠 🚡 🚢 🚣 🚤 🚥 🚦 🚧 🚨 🚩 🚪 🚫 🚬 🚭 🚮 🚯
U+1F6Bx 🚰 🚱 🚲 🚳 🚴 🚵 🚶 🚷 🚸 🚹 🚺 🚻 🚼 🚽 🚾 🚿
U+1F6Cx 🛀 🛁 🛂 🛃 🛄 🛅 🛋️ 🛌 🛍️ 🛎️ 🛏️
U+1F6Dx 🛐 🛑 🛒 🛕 🛖 🛗 🛜 🛝 🛞 🛟
U+1F6Ex 🛠️ 🛡️ 🛢️ 🛣️ 🛤️ 🛥️ 🛩️ 🛫 🛬
U+1F6Fx 🛰️ 🛳️ 🛴 🛵 🛶 🛷 🛸 🛹 🛺 🛻 🛼
U+1F7Ex 🟠 🟡 🟢 🟣 🟤 🟥 🟦 🟧 🟨 🟩 🟪 🟫
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F7Fx 🟰
U+1F90x 🤌 🤍 🤎 🤏
U+1F91x 🤐 🤑 🤒 🤓 🤔 🤕 🤖 🤗 🤘 🤙 🤚 🤛 🤜 🤝 🤞 🤟
U+1F92x 🤠 🤡 🤢 🤣 🤤 🤥 🤦 🤧 🤨 🤩 🤪 🤫 🤬 🤭 🤮 🤯
U+1F93x 🤰 🤱 🤲 🤳 🤴 🤵 🤶 🤷 🤸 🤹 🤺 🤼 🤽 🤾 🤿
U+1F94x 🥀 🥁 🥂 🥃 🥄 🥅 🥇 🥈 🥉 🥊 🥋 🥌 🥍 🥎 🥏
U+1F95x 🥐 🥑 🥒 🥓 🥔 🥕 🥖 🥗 🥘 🥙 🥚 🥛 🥜 🥝 🥞 🥟
U+1F96x 🥠 🥡 🥢 🥣 🥤 🥥 🥦 🥧 🥨 🥩 🥪 🥫 🥬 🥭 🥮 🥯
U+1F97x 🥰 🥱 🥲 🥳 🥴 🥵 🥶 🥷 🥸 🥹 🥺 🥻 🥼 🥽 🥾 🥿
U+1F98x 🦀 🦁 🦂 🦃 🦄 🦅 🦆 🦇 🦈 🦉 🦊 🦋 🦌 🦍 🦎 🦏
U+1F99x 🦐 🦑 🦒 🦓 🦔 🦕 🦖 🦗 🦘 🦙 🦚 🦛 🦜 🦝 🦞 🦟
U+1F9Ax 🦠 🦡 🦢 🦣 🦤 🦥 🦦 🦧 🦨 🦩 🦪 🦫 🦬 🦭 🦮 🦯
U+1F9Bx 🦰 🦱 🦲 🦳 🦴 🦵 🦶 🦷 🦸 🦹 🦺 🦻 🦼 🦽 🦾 🦿
U+1F9Cx 🧀 🧁 🧂 🧃 🧄 🧅 🧆 🧇 🧈 🧉 🧊 🧋 🧌 🧍 🧎 🧏
U+1F9Dx 🧐 🧑 🧒 🧓 🧔 🧕 🧖 🧗 🧘 🧙 🧚 🧛 🧜 🧝 🧞 🧟
U+1F9Ex 🧠 🧡 🧢 🧣 🧤 🧥 🧦 🧧 🧨 🧩 🧪 🧫 🧬 🧭 🧮 🧯
U+1F9Fx 🧰 🧱 🧲 🧳 🧴 🧵 🧶 🧷 🧸 🧹 🧺 🧻 🧼 🧽 🧾 🧿
U+1FA7x 🩰 🩱 🩲 🩳 🩴 🩵 🩶 🩷 🩸 🩹 🩺 🩻 🩼
U+1FA8x 🪀 🪁 🪂 🪃 🪄 🪅 🪆 🪇 🪈
U+1FA9x 🪐 🪑 🪒 🪓 🪔 🪕 🪖 🪗 🪘 🪙 🪚 🪛 🪜 🪝 🪞 🪟
U+1FAAx 🪠 🪡 🪢 🪣 🪤 🪥 🪦 🪧 🪨 🪩 🪪 🪫 🪬 🪭 🪮 🪯
U+1FABx 🪰 🪱 🪲 🪳 🪴 🪵 🪶 🪷 🪸 🪹 🪺 🪻 🪼 🪽 🪿
U+1FACx 🫀 🫁 🫂 🫃 🫄 🫅 🫎 🫏
U+1FADx 🫐 🫑 🫒 🫓 🫔 🫕 🫖 🫗 🫘 🫙 🫚 🫛
U+1FAEx 🫠 🫡 🫢 🫣 🫤 🫥 🫦 🫧 🫨
U+1FAFx 🫰 🫱 🫲 🫳 🫴 🫵 🫶 🫷 🫸
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
Notes

1.^ As of Unicode version 15.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-emoji or non-assigned code points
3.^ «UTR #51: Unicode Emoji». Unicode Consortium.
4.^ «UCD: Emoji Data for UTR #51». Unicode Consortium. August 2, 2022.

Additional emoji can be found in the following Unicode blocks: Arrows (8 code points considered emoji), Basic Latin (12), CJK Symbols and Punctuation (2), Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement (41), Enclosed Alphanumerics (1), Enclosed CJK Letters and Months (2), Enclosed Ideographic Supplement (15), General Punctuation (2), Geometric Shapes (8), Geometric Shapes Extended (13), Latin-1 Supplement (2), Letterlike Symbols (2), Mahjong Tiles (1), Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows (7), Miscellaneous Technical (18), Playing Cards (1), and Supplemental Arrows-B (2).

Additions

Some vendors, most notably Microsoft, Samsung and HTC, add emoji presentation to some other existing Unicode characters or coin their own ZWJ sequences.

Microsoft displays all Mahjong tiles (U+1F000‥2B, not just U+1F004 🀄 MAHJONG TILE RED DRAGON) and alternative card suits (U+2661 ♡ , U+2662 ♢ , U+2664 ♤ , U+2667 ♧ ) as emoji. They also support additional pencils (U+270E ✎ , U+2710 ✐ ) and a heart-shaped bullet (U+2765 ❥ ).

While only U+261D ☝ is officially an emoji, Microsoft and Samsung add the other three directions as well (U+261C ☜ , U+261E ☞ , U+261F ☟ ).
Both vendors pair the standard checked ballot box emoji U+2611 ☑ with its crossed variant U+2612 ☒ , but only Samsung also has the empty ballot box U+2610 ☐ .

Samsung almost completely covers the rest of the Miscellaneous Symbols block (U+2600‥FF) as emoji, which includes Chess pieces, game die faces, some traffic sign as well as genealogical and astronomical symbols for instance.

HTC supports most additional pictographs from the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs (U+1F300‥5FF) and Transport and Map Symbols (U+1F680‥FF) blocks. Some of them are also shown as emoji on Samsung devices.

The open source projects Emojidex and Emojitwo are trying to cover all of these extensions established by major vendors.

In popular culture

  • The 2009 film Moon featured a robot named GERTY who communicates using a neutral-toned synthesized voice together with a screen showing emoji representing the corresponding emotional content.[158]
  • In 2014, the Library of Congress acquired an emoji version of Herman Melville’s Moby Dick created by Fred Benenson.[159][160]
  • A musical called Emojiland premiered at Rockwell Table & Stage in Los Angeles in May 2016,[88][89] after selected songs were presented at the same venue in 2015.[161][162]
  • In October 2016, the Museum of Modern Art acquired the original collection of emoji distributed by NTT DoCoMo in 1999.[163]
  • In November 2016, the first emoji-themed convention, Emojicon, was held in San Francisco.[164]
  • In March 2017, the first episode of the fifth season of Samurai Jack featured alien characters who communicate in emoji.[165]
  • In April 2017, the Doctor Who episode «Smile» featured nanobots called Vardy, which communicate through robotic avatars that use emoji (without any accompanying speech output) and are sometimes referred to by the time travelers as «Emojibots».[166]
  • On July 28, 2017, Sony Pictures Animation released The Emoji Movie, a 3D computer animated movie featuring the voices of Patrick Stewart, Christina Aguilera, Sofía Vergara, Anna Faris, T. J. Miller, and other notable actors and comedians.[167]
  • On September 3, 2021, Drake released his sixth studio album, Certified Lover Boy with album cover art featuring twelve emoji of pregnant women in varying clothing colors, hair colors and skin tones.[168][169]

See also

  • Blob emoji
  • Emojipedia
  • Emojli
  • Hieroglyphics
  • iConji
  • Kaomoji
  • Pictogram

Notes

  1. ^ Also has ARIB (ARIB SJIS 0xEECE)[61] and JCarrier (SoftBank SJIS 0xF7DA, au SJIS 0xF74A)[62] sources.
  2. ^ Older au by KDDI devices had used pictorial representations of all zodiac signs, displaying for instance the pisces sign (♓️) as a fish (🐟). Later devices had changed these to symbols, for consistency with other vendors.[66]
  3. ^ Five other Ninja Cat emojis were released: Ninja Cat Flying (🐱‍🏍), Ninja Cat at Computer (🐱‍💻), Ninja Cat riding T-Rex (🐱‍🐉), Ninja Cat with Coffee (🐱‍👓) and Ninja Cat in Space (🐱‍🚀).

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  162. ^ BWW News Desk (October 15, 2015). «EMOJILAND Premieres Two Additional Songs at Rockwell LA». BroadwayWorld. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  163. ^ «These Emoji Are Now Part of MoMA’s Permanent Collection». Mashable. October 26, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  164. ^ Steinmetz, Katy (November 6, 2016). Written at San Francisco. «What It’s Like Inside the World’s First Emoji Convention». Time. New York City. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  165. ^ DeAngelo, Daniel (June 14, 2017). «The Face-palming Finale of ‘Samurai Jack’«. Study Breaks. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  166. ^ Mulkern, Patrick. «Doctor Who Smile review: ‘A grief tsunami! It’s a tough one to sell and I’m not buying it’«. Radio Times. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  167. ^ Perry, Spencer (December 22, 2015). «Emoji Movie, Animated Spider-Man and Peter Rabbit Get Release Dates». ComingSoon.net. Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  168. ^ Cowen, Trace William (August 30, 2021). «Drake’s ‘Certified Lover Boy’ Cover Art Featuring Pregnant Emoji Has Everyone Scratching Their Heads». Complex. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  169. ^ Ahlgrim, Callie (August 30, 2021). «Drake’s new album art oddly features 12 pregnant women as emojis, and everyone from Lil Nas X to his fans are making fun of it». Insider. Archived from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.

Further reading

  • Pardes, Arielle (February 1, 2018). «The WIRED Guide to Emoji». Wired. ISSN 1059-1028.

External links

  • Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode emoji
  • The Unicode FAQ – Emoji & Dingbats
  • Emoji Symbols – the original proposals for encoding of Emoji symbols as Unicode characters
  • Background data for Unicode proposal
  • emojitracker – list of most popularly used emoji on the Twitter platform; updated in real-time

The «Grinning Face» emoji, from the Twemoji set

An emoji ( i-MOH-jee; plural emoji or emojis[1]) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation.[2] Examples of emoji are 😂, 😃, 🧘🏻‍♂️, 🌍, 🌦️, 🥖, 🚗, 📱, 🎉, ❤️, 🍆, 🍑 and 🏁. Emoji exist in various genres, including facial expressions, common objects, places and types of weather, and animals. They are much like emoticons, except emoji are pictures rather than typographic approximations; the term «emoji» in the strict sense refers to such pictures which can be represented as encoded characters, but it is sometimes applied to messaging stickers by extension.[3] Originally meaning pictograph, the word emoji comes from Japanese e (絵, ‘picture’) + moji (文字, ‘character’); the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental.[4] The ISO 15924 script code for emoji is Zsye.

Originating on Japanese mobile phones in 1997, emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after being added to several mobile operating systems.[5][6][7] They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West and around the world.[8][9] In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the Face with Tears of Joy emoji (😂) the word of the year.[10][11]

History

Evolution from emoticons (1990s)

The emoji was predated by the emoticon,[12] a concept implemented in 1982 by computer scientist Scott Fahlman when he suggested text-based symbols such as  :-) and  :-( could be used to replace language.[13] Theories about language replacement can be traced back to the 1960s, when Russian novelist and professor Vladimir Nabokov stated in an interview with The New York Times: «I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile — some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket.»[14] It did not become a mainstream concept until the 1990s when Japanese, American and European companies began developing Fahlman’s idea.[15][16] Mary Kalantzis and Bill Cope point out that similar symbology was incorporated by Bruce Parello, a student at the University of Illinois, into PLATO IV, the first e-learning system, in 1972.[17][18] The PLATO system was not considered mainstream, and therefore Parello’s pictograms were only used by a small number of people.[19] Scott Fahlman’s emoticons importantly used common alphabet symbols, and aimed to replace language/text to express emotion, and for that reason are seen as the actual origin of emoticons.

Wingdings icons, including smiling and frowning faces

Wingdings, a font invented by Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes, was released by Microsoft in 1990.[20] It could be used to send pictographs in rich text messages, but would only load on devices with the Wingdings font installed.[21] In 1995, the French newspaper Le Monde announced that Alcatel would be launching a new phone, the BC 600. Its welcome screen displayed a digital smiley face, replacing the usual text seen as part of the «welcome message» often seen on other devices at the time.[22] In 1997, J-Phone launched the SkyWalker DP-211SW, which contained a set of 90 emoji. It is thought to be the first set of its kind. Its designs, each measuring 12 by 12 pixels were monochrome, depicting numbers, sports, the time, moon phases and the weather. It contained the Pile of Poo emoji in particular.[21] The J-Phone model experienced low sales, and the emoji set was thus rarely used.[23]

In 1999, Shigetaka Kurita created 176 emoji as part of NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode, used on its mobile platform.[24][25][26] They were intended to help facilitate electronic communication, and to serve as a distinguishing feature from other services.[5] Due to their influence, Kurita’s designs were once claimed to be the first cellular emoji;[21] however, Kurita has denied that this is the case.[27][28] According to interviews, he took inspiration from Japanese manga where characters are often drawn with symbolic representations called manpu (such as a water drop on a face representing nervousness or confusion), and weather pictograms used to depict the weather conditions at any given time. He also drew inspiration from Chinese characters and street sign pictograms.[26][29][30] The DoCoMo i-Mode set included facial expressions, such as smiley faces, derived from a Japanese visual style commonly found in manga and anime, combined with kaomoji and smiley elements.[31] Kurita’s work is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.[32]

Kurita’s emoji were brightly colored, albeit with a single color per glyph. General-use emoji, such as sports, actions and weather, can readily be traced back to Kurita’s emoji set.[33] Notably absent from the set were pictograms that demonstrated emotion. The yellow-faced emoji in current use evolved from other emoticon sets and cannot be traced back to Kurita’s work.[33] His set also had generic images much like the J-Phones. Elsewhere in the 1990s, Nokia phones began including preset pictograms in its text messaging app, which they defined as «smileys and symbols».[34] A third notable emoji set was introduced by Japanese mobile phone brand au by KDDI.[21][35]

Development of emoji sets (2000–2007)

The basic 12-by-12-pixel emoji in Japan grew in popularity across various platforms over the next decade. This was aided by the popularity of DoCoMo i-mode, which for many was the origins of the smartphone.[clarification needed] The i-mode service also saw the introduction of emoji in conversation form on messenger apps. By 2004, i-mode had 40 million subscribers, exposing numerous people to emoji for the first time between 2000 and 2004. The popularity of i-mode led to other manufacturers offering their own emoji sets. While emoji adoption was high in Japan during this time, the competitors failed to collaborate to create a uniform set of emoji to be used across all platforms in the country.[36]

Smiley faces from DOS code page 437

The Universal Coded Character Set (Unicode), controlled by the Unicode Consortium and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2, had already been established as the international standard for text representation (ISO/IEC 10646) since 1993, although variants of Shift JIS remained relatively common in Japan. Unicode included several characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji, including some from North American or Western European sources such as DOS code page 437, ITC Zapf Dingbats or the WordPerfect Iconic Symbols set.[37][38] Unicode coverage of written characters was extended several times by new editions during the 2000s, with little interest in incorporating the Japanese cellular emoji sets (deemed out of scope),[39] although symbol characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji continued to be added. For example, Unicode 4.0 contained 16 new emoji, which included direction arrows, a warning triangle, and an eject button.[40] Besides Zapf Dingbats, other dingbat fonts such as Wingdings or Webdings also included additional pictographic symbols in their own custom pi font encodings; unlike Zapf Dingbats, however, many of these would not be available as Unicode emoji until 2014.[41]

The Smiley Company developed The Smiley Dictionary, which was launched in 2001. The desktop platform was aimed at allowing people to insert smileys as text when sending emails and writing on a desktop computer.[42] The smiley toolbar offered a variety of symbols and smileys and was used on platforms such as MSN Messenger.[43] Nokia, then one of the largest global telecom companies, was still referring to today’s emoji sets as smileys in 2001.[44] The digital smiley movement was headed up by Nicolas Loufrani, the CEO of The Smiley Company.[42] He created a smiley toolbar, which was available at smileydictionary.com during the early 2000s to be sent as emoji are today.[45]

Beginnings of Unicode emoji (2008–2014)

Mobile providers in both the United States and Europe began discussions on how to introduce their own emoji sets from 2004 onwards. Many companies did not begin to take emoji seriously until Google employees requested that Unicode look into the possibility of a uniform emoji set. Apple quickly followed and began to collaborate with not only Google, but also providers in Europe and Japan. In August 2007, Mark Davis and his colleagues Kat Momoi and Markus Scherer wrote the first draft for consideration by the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC), to introduce emoji into the Unicode standard. The UTC, having previously deemed emoji to be out of scope for Unicode, made the decision to broaden its scope to enable compatibility with the Japanese cellular carrier formats which were becoming more widespread.[39] Peter Edberg and Yasuo Kida joined the collaborative effort from Apple Inc. shortly after, and their official UTC proposal came in January 2009.

Pending the assignment of standard Unicode code points, Google and Apple implemented emoji support via Private Use Area schemes. Google first introduced emoji in Gmail in October 2008, in collaboration with au by KDDI,[35] and Apple introduced the first release of Apple Color Emoji to iPhone OS on 21 November 2008.[46] Initially, Apple’s emoji support was implemented for holders of a SoftBank SIM card; the emoji themselves were represented using SoftBank’s Private Use Area scheme and mostly resembled the SoftBank designs.[47] Gmail emoji used their own Private Use Area scheme, in a supplementary Private Use plane.[48][49]

Separately, a proposal had been submitted in 2008 to add the ARIB extended characters used in broadcasting in Japan to Unicode. This included several pictographic symbols.[50] These were added in Unicode 5.2 in 2009, a year before the cellular emoji sets were fully added; they include several characters which either also appeared amongst the cellular emoji[48] or were subsequently classified as emoji.[51]

After iPhone users in the United States discovered that downloading Japanese apps allowed access to the keyboard, pressure grew to expand the availability of the emoji keyboard beyond Japan.[52] The Emoji application for iOS, which altered the Settings app to allow access to the emoji keyboard, was created by Josh Gare in February 2010.[53] Before the existence of Gare’s Emoji app, Apple had intended for the emoji keyboard to only be available in Japan in iOS version 2.2.[54]

Throughout 2009, members of the Unicode Consortium and national standardization bodies of various countries gave feedback and proposed changes to the international standardization of the emoji. The feedback from various bodies in the United States, Europe, and Japan agreed on a set of 722 emoji as the standard set. This would be released in October 2010 in Unicode 6.0.[55] Apple made the emoji keyboard available to those outside of Japan in iOS version 5.0 in 2011.[56] Later, Unicode 7.0 (June 2014) added the character repertoires of the Webdings and Wingdings fonts to Unicode, resulting in approximately 250 more Unicode emoji.[41]

The Unicode emoji whose code points were assigned in 2014 or earlier are therefore taken from several sources. A single character could exist in multiple sources, and characters from a source were unified with existing characters where appropriate: for example, the «shower» weather symbol (☔️) from the ARIB source was unified with an existing umbrella with raindrops character,[57] which had been added for KPS 9566 compatibility.[58] The emoji characters named «Rain» («雨», ame) from all three Japanese carriers were in turn unified with the ARIB character.[48] However, the Unicode Consortium groups the most significant sources of emoji into four categories:[59]

Source category Abbreviations Unicode version (year) Included sources Example
Zapf Dingbats ZDings, z 1.0 (1991) ITC Zapf Dingbats Series 100 ❣️ (U+2763 ← 0xA3)[60]
ARIB ARIB, a 5.2 (2008) ARIB STD-B24 Volume 1 extended Shift JIS ⛩️ (U+26E9 ← 0xEE4B)[61]
Japanese carriers JCarrier, j 6.0 (2010) NTT DoCoMo mobile Shift JIS 🎠 (U+1F3A0 ← 0xF8DA)[62]
au by KDDI mobile Shift JIS 📌 (U+1F4CC ← 0xF78A)[62]
SoftBank 3G mobile Shift JIS 💒 (U+1F492 ← 0xFB7D)[62]
Wingdings and Webdings WDings, w 7.0 (2014) Webdings 🛳️ (U+1F6F3 ← 0x54)[63]
Wingdings 🏵️ (U+1F3F5 ← 0x7B)[63]
Wingdings 2 🖍️ (U+1F58D ← 0x24)[63]
Wingdings 3 ▶️ (U+25B6 ← 0x75)[63][a]

UTS #51 and modern emoji (2015–present)

In late 2014, a Public Review Issue was created by the Unicode Technical Committee, seeking feedback on a proposed Unicode Technical Report (UTR) titled «Unicode Emoji». This was intended to improve interoperability of emoji between vendors, and define a means of supporting multiple skin tones. The feedback period closed in January 2015.[64] Also in January 2015, the use of the zero width joiner to indicate that a sequence of emoji could be shown as a single equivalent glyph (analogous to a ligature) as a means of implementing emoji without atomic code points, such as varied compositions of families, was discussed within the «emoji ad-hoc committee».[65]

Unicode 8.0 (June 2015) added another 41 emoji, including articles of sports equipment such as the cricket bat, food items such as the taco, new facial expressions, and symbols for places of worship, as well as five characters (crab, scorpion, lion face, bow and arrow, amphora) to improve support for pictorial rather than symbolic representations of the signs of the Zodiac.[b][67]

Also in June 2015, the first approved version («Emoji 1.0») of the Unicode Emoji report was published as Unicode Technical Report #51 (UTR #51). This introduced the mechanism of skin tone indicators, the first official recommendations about which Unicode characters were to be considered emoji, and the first official recommendations about which characters were to be displayed in an emoji font in absence of a variation selector, and listed the zero width joiner sequences for families and couples that were implemented by existing vendors.[68] Maintenance of UTR #51, taking emoji requests, and creating proposals for emoji characters and emoji mechanisms was made the responsibility of the Unicode Emoji Subcommittee (ESC), operating as a subcommittee of the Unicode Technical Committee,[69][70]

With the release of version 5.0 in May 2017 alongside Unicode 10.0, UTR #51 was redesignated a Unicode Technical Standard (UTS #51), making it an independent specification rather than merely an informative document.[71] As of July 2017, there were 2,666 Unicode emoji listed.[72] The next version of UTS #51 (published in May 2018) skipped to the version number Emoji 11.0, so as to synchronise its major version number with the corresponding version of the Unicode Standard.[73]

The popularity of emoji has caused pressure from vendors and international markets to add additional designs into the Unicode standard to meet the demands of different cultures. Some characters now defined as emoji are inherited from a variety of pre-Unicode messenger systems not only used in Japan, including Yahoo and MSN Messenger.[74]

Corporate demand for emoji standardization has placed pressures on the Unicode Consortium, with some members complaining that it had overtaken the group’s traditional focus on standardizing characters used for minority languages and transcribing historical records.[75] Conversely, the Consortium recognises that public desire for emoji support has put pressure on vendors to improve their Unicode support,[76] which is especially true for characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane,[77] thus leading to better support for Unicode’s historic and minority scripts in deployed software.[76]

Cultural influence

Oxford Dictionaries named U+1F602 😂 FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY[78] its 2015 Word of the Year.[79] Oxford noted that 2015 had seen a sizable increase in the use of the word «emoji» and recognized its impact on popular culture.[79] Oxford Dictionaries President Caspar Grathwohl expressed that «traditional alphabet scripts have been struggling to meet the rapid-fire, visually focused demands of 21st Century communication. It’s not surprising that a pictographic script like emoji has stepped in to fill those gaps—it’s flexible, immediate, and infuses tone beautifully.»[80] SwiftKey found that «Face with Tears of Joy» was the most popular emoji across the world.[81] The American Dialect Society declared U+1F346 🍆 AUBERGINE to be the «Most Notable Emoji» of 2015 in their Word of the Year vote.[82]

Some emoji are specific to Japanese culture, such as a bowing businessman (U+1F647 🙇 ), the shoshinsha mark used to indicate a beginner driver (U+1F530 🔰 ), a white flower (U+1F4AE 💮 ) used to denote «brilliant homework»,[83] or a group of emoji representing popular foods: ramen noodles (U+1F35C 🍜 ), dango (U+1F361 🍡 ), onigiri (U+1F359 🍙 ), curry (U+1F35B 🍛 ), and sushi (U+1F363 🍣 ). Unicode Consortium founder Mark Davis compared the use of emoji to a developing language, particularly mentioning the American use of eggplant (U+1F346 🍆 ) to represent a phallus.[84] Some linguists have classified emoji and emoticons as discourse markers.[85]

In December 2015 a sentiment analysis of emoji was published,[86] and the Emoji Sentiment Ranking 1.0[87] was provided. In 2016, a musical about emoji premiered in Los Angeles.[88][89] The computer-animated The Emoji Movie was released in summer 2017.[90][91]

In January 2017, in what is believed to be the first large-scale study of emoji usage, researchers at the University of Michigan analyzed over 1.2 billion messages input via the Kika Emoji Keyboard[92] and announced that the Face With Tears of Joy was the most popular emoji. The Heart and the Heart eyes emoji stood second and third, respectively. The study also found that the French use heart emoji the most.[93] People in countries like Australia, France, and the Czech Republic used more happy emoji, while this was not so for people in Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina, where people used more negative emoji in comparison to cultural hubs known for restraint and self-discipline, like Turkey, France and Russia.[94]

There has been discussion among legal experts on whether or not emoji could be admissible as evidence in court trials.[95][96] Furthermore, as emoji continue to develop and grow as a «language» of symbols, there may also be the potential of the formation of emoji «dialects».[97] Emoji are being used as more than just to show reactions and emotions.[98] Snapchat has even incorporated emoji in its trophy and friends system with each emoji showing a complex meaning.[99] Emojis can also convey different meanings based on syntax and inversion. For instance, ‘fairy comments’ involve heart, star, and fairy emojis placed between the words of a sentence. These comments often invert the meanings associated with hearts and may be used to ‘tread on borders of offense.’[100]

In 2017, the MIT Media Lab published DeepMoji, a deep neural network sentiment analysis algorithm that was trained on 1.2 billion emoji occurrences in Twitter data from 2013 to 2017.[101][102] DeepMoji was found to outperform human subjects in correctly identifying sarcasm in Tweets and other online modes of communication.[103][104][105]

Use in furthering causes

On March 5, 2019,[106] a drop of blood (U+1FA78 🩸 ) emoji was released, which is intended to help break the stigma of menstruation.[107] In addition to normalizing periods, it will also be relevant to describe medical topics such as donating blood and other blood-related activities.[107]

A mosquito (U+1F99F 🦟 ) emoji was added in 2018 to raise awareness for diseases spread by the insect, such as dengue and malaria.[108]

Linguistic function of emojis

Linguistically, emoji are used to indicate emotional state, they tend to be used more in positive communication. Some researchers believe emoji can be used for visual rhetoric. Emoji can be used to set emotional tone in messages. Emoji tend not to have their own meaning but act as a paralanguage adding meaning to text. Emoji can add clarity and credibility to text.[109]

Sociolinguistically, the use of emoji differ depending on speaker and setting. Women use emoji more than men. Men use a wider variety of emoji. Women are more likely to use emoji in public communication than private communication. Extraversion and agreeableness are positively correlated with emoji use, neuroticism is negative correlated. Emoji use differ between cultures: studies in terms of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory found that cultures with high power distance and tolerance to indulgence used more negative emojis, while those with high uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation use more positive emojis.[109]

Emoji communication problems

Research has shown that emoji are often misunderstood. In some cases, this misunderstanding is related to how the actual emoji design is interpreted by the viewer;[110] in other cases, the emoji that was sent is not shown in the same way on the receiving side.[111]

The first issue relates to the cultural or contextual interpretation of the emoji. When the author picks an emoji, they think about it in a certain way, but the same character may not trigger the same thoughts in the mind of the receiver[112] (see also Models of communication).

For example, people in China have developed a system for using emoji subversively, so that a smiley face could be sent to convey a despising, mocking, and even obnoxious attitude, as the orbicularis oculi (the muscle near that upper eye corner) on the face of the emoji does not move, and the orbicularis oris (the one near the mouth) tightens, which is believed to be a sign of suppressing a smile.[113]

The second problem relates to technology and branding. When an author of a message picks an emoji from a list, it is normally encoded in a non-graphical manner during the transmission, and if the author and the reader do not use the same software or operating system for their devices, the reader’s device may visualize the same emoji in a different way. Small changes to a character’s look may completely alter its perceived meaning with the receiver. As an example, in April 2020, British actress and presenter Jameela Jamil posted a tweet from her iPhone using the Face with Hand Over Mouth emoji (🤭) as part of a comment on people shopping for food during the COVID-19 pandemic. On Apple’s iOS, the emoji expression is neutral and pensive, but on other platforms the emoji shows as a giggling face. Many fans were initially upset thinking that she, as a well off celebrity, was mocking poor people, but this was not her intended meaning.[114]

Researchers from German Studies Institute at Ruhr-Universität Bochum found that most people can easily understand an emoji when it replaces a word directly – like an icon for a rose instead of the word ‘rose’ – yet it takes people about 50 percent longer to comprehend the emoji.[citation needed]

Variation and ambiguity

Emoji characters vary slightly between platforms within the limits in meaning defined by the Unicode specification, as companies have tried to provide artistic presentations of ideas and objects.[115] For example, following an Apple tradition, the calendar emoji on Apple products always shows July 17, the date in 2002 Apple announced its iCal calendar application for macOS. This led some Apple product users to initially nickname July 17 «World Emoji Day».[116] Other emoji fonts show different dates or do not show a specific one.[117]

Some Apple emoji are very similar to the SoftBank standard, since SoftBank was the first Japanese network on which the iPhone launched. For example, U+1F483 💃 DANCER is female on Apple and SoftBank standards but male or gender-neutral on others.[118]

Journalists have noted that the ambiguity of emoji has allowed them to take on culture-specific meanings not present in the original glyphs. For example, U+1F485 💅 NAIL POLISH has been described as being used in English-language communities to signify «non-caring fabulousness»[119] and «anything from shutting haters down to a sense of accomplishment».[120][121] Unicode manuals sometimes provide notes on auxiliary meanings of an object to guide designers on how emoji may be used, for example noting that some users may expect U+1F4BA 💺 SEAT to stand for «a reserved or ticketed seat, as for an airplane, train, or theater».[122]

Controversial emoji

Some emoji have been involved in controversy due to their perceived meanings. Multiple arrests and imprisonments have followed usage of pistol (U+1F52B 🔫 ), knife (U+1F5E1 🗡 ), and bomb (U+1F4A3 💣 ) emoji in ways that authorities deemed credible threats.[123]

In the lead-up to the 2016 Summer Olympics, the Unicode Consortium considered proposals to add several Olympic-related emoji, including medals and events such as handball and water polo.[124] By October 2015, these candidate emoji included «rifle» (U+1F946 🥆 ) and «modern pentathlon» (U+1F93B 🤻 ).[125][126] However, in 2016, Apple and Microsoft opposed these two emoji, and the characters were added without emoji presentations, meaning that software is expected to render them in black-and-white rather than color, and emoji-specific software such as onscreen keyboards will generally not include them. In addition, while the original incarnations of the modern pentathlon emoji depicted its five events, including a man pointing a gun, the final glyph contains a person riding a horse, along with a laser pistol target in the corner.[123][126][127]

Drawing of a revolver

Drawing of a water pistol

On August 1, 2016, Apple announced that in iOS 10, the pistol emoji (U+1F52B 🔫 ) would be changed from a realistic revolver to a water pistol.[123] Conversely, the following day, Microsoft pushed out an update to Windows 10 that changed its longstanding depiction of the pistol emoji as a toy ray-gun to a real revolver.[128] Microsoft stated that the change was made to bring the glyph more in line with industry-standard designs and customer expectations.[128] By 2018, most major platforms such as Google, Microsoft, Samsung, Facebook, and Twitter had transitioned their rendering of the pistol emoji to match Apple’s water gun implementation.[129] Apple’s change of depiction from a realistic gun to a toy gun was criticised by, among others, the editor of Emojipedia, because it could lead to messages appearing differently to the receiver than the sender had intended.[130] Insider‘s Rob Price said it created the potential for «serious miscommunication across different platforms», and asked «What if a joke sent from an Apple user to a Google user is misconstrued because of differences in rendering? Or if a genuine threat sent by a Google user to an Apple user goes unreported because it is taken as a joke?»[131]

The eggplant (aubergine) emoji (U+1F346 🍆 ) has also seen controversy due to it being used to represent a penis.[82][84][132][133] Beginning in December 2014, the hashtag #EggplantFridays began to rise to popularity on Instagram for use in marking photos featuring clothed or unclothed penises.[132][133] This became such a popular trend that, beginning in April 2015, Instagram disabled the ability to search for not only the #EggplantFridays tag, but also other eggplant-containing hashtags, including simply #eggplant and #🍆.[132][133][134]

The peach emoji (U+1F351 🍑 ) has likewise been used as a euphemistic icon for buttocks, with a 2016 Emojipedia analysis revealing that only seven percent of English language tweets with the peach emoji refer to the actual fruit.[135][136][137] In 2016, Apple attempted to redesign the emoji to less resemble buttocks. This was met with fierce backlash in beta testing, and Apple reversed its decision by the time it went live to the public.[138]

In December 2017, a lawyer in Delhi, India, threatened to file a lawsuit against WhatsApp for allowing use of the middle finger emoji (U+1F595 🖕 ) on the basis that the company is «directly abetting the use of an offensive, lewd, obscene gesture» in violation of the Indian Penal Code.[139]

Emoji implementation

Early implementation in Japan

Various, often incompatible, character encoding schemes were developed by the different mobile providers in Japan for their own emoji sets.[48][62] For example, the extended Shift JIS representation F797 is used for a convenience store (🏪) by SoftBank, but for a wristwatch (⌚️) by KDDI.[62][48] All three vendors also developed schemes for encoding their emoji in the Unicode Private Use Area: DoCoMo, for example, used the range U+E63E through U+E757.[48] Versions of iOS prior to 5.1 encoded emoji in the SoftBank private use area.[140][141]

Unicode support considerations

Most, but not all, emoji are included in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP) of Unicode, which is also used for ancient scripts, some modern scripts such as Adlam or Osage, and special-use characters such as Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols.[142] Some systems introduced prior to the advent of Unicode emoji were only designed to support characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), on the assumption that non-BMP characters would rarely be encountered,[77] although failure to properly handle characters outside of the BMP precludes Unicode compliance.[143]

The introduction of Unicode emoji created an incentive for vendors to improve their support for non-BMP characters.[77] The Unicode Consortium notes that «[b]ecause of the demand for emoji, many implementations have upgraded their Unicode support substantially», also helping support for minority languages that use those features.[76]

Color support

Any operating system that supports adding additional fonts to the system can add an emoji-supporting font. However, inclusion of colorful emoji in existing font formats requires dedicated support for color glyphs. Not all operating systems have support for color fonts, so in these cases emoji might have to be rendered as black-and-white line art or not at all. There are four different formats used for multi-color glyphs in an SFNT font,[144] not all of which are necessarily supported by a given operating system library or software package such as a web browser or graphical program.[145] This means that color fonts may need to be supplied in several formats to be usable on multiple operating systems, or in multiple applications.

Implementation by different platforms and vendors

Apple first introduced emoji to their desktop operating system with the release of OS X 10.7 Lion, in 2011. Users can view emoji characters sent through email and messaging applications, which are commonly shared by mobile users, as well as any other application. Users can create emoji symbols using the «Characters» special input panel from almost any native application by selecting the «Edit» menu and pulling down to «Special Characters», or by the key combination ⌘ Command+⌥ Option+T. The emoji keyboard was first available in Japan with the release of iPhone OS version 2.2 in 2008.[146] The emoji keyboard was not officially made available outside of Japan until iOS version 5.0.[147] From iPhone OS 2.2 through to iOS 4.3.5 (2011), those outside Japan could access the keyboard but had to use a third-party app to enable it. Apple has revealed that the «face with tears of joy» is the most popular emoji among English speaking Americans. On second place is the «heart» emoji followed by the «Loudly Crying Face».[148][149]

An update for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 brought a subset of the monochrome Unicode set to those operating systems as part of the Segoe UI Symbol font.[150] As of Windows 8.1 Preview, the Segoe UI Emoji font is included, which supplies full-color pictographs. The plain Segoe UI font lacks emoji characters, whereas Segoe UI Symbol and Segoe UI Emoji include them. Emoji characters are accessed through the onscreen keyboard’s 😀 key, or through the physical keyboard shortcut ⊞ Win+..

Facebook and Twitter replace all Unicode emoji used on their websites with their own custom graphics. Prior to October 2017, Facebook had different sets for the main site and for its Messenger service, where only the former provides complete coverage. Messenger now uses Apple emoji on iOS, and the main Facebook set elsewhere.[151] Facebook reactions are only partially compatible with standard emoji.[152]

Modifiers

Emoji versus text presentation

Unicode defines variation sequences for many of its emoji to indicate their desired presentation.

Emoji characters can have two main kinds of presentation:

  • an emoji presentation, with colorful and perhaps whimsical shapes, even animated
  • a text presentation, such as black & white

    — Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode Emoji[59]

Specifying the desired presentation is done by following the base emoji with either U+FE0E VARIATION SELECTOR-15 (VS15) for text or U+FE0F VARIATION SELECTOR-16 (VS16) for emoji-style.[153]

Sample emoji variation sequences

U+ 2139 231B 26A0 2712 2764 1F004 1F21A
default presentation text emoji text text text emoji emoji
base code point ℹ ⌛ ⚠ ✒ ❤ 🀄 🈚
base+VS15 (text) ℹ︎ ⌛︎ ⚠︎ ✒︎ ❤︎ 🀄︎ 🈚︎
base+VS16 (emoji) ℹ️ ⌛️ ⚠️ ✒️ ❤️ 🀄️ 🈚️
Twemoji image Twemoji2 2139.svg Twemoji2 231b.svg Twemoji2 26a0.svg Twemoji2 2712.svg Twemoji2 2764.svg Twemoji2 1f004.svg Twemoji2 1f21a.svg

Skin color

Five symbol modifier characters were added with Unicode 8.0 to provide a range of skin tones for human emoji. These modifiers are called EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-1-2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 (U+1F3FB–U+1F3FF): 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿. They are based on the Fitzpatrick scale for classifying human skin color. Human emoji that are not followed by one of these five modifiers should be displayed in a generic, non-realistic skin tone, such as bright yellow (■), blue (■), or gray (■).[59] Non-human emoji (like U+26FD ⛽ FUEL PUMP) are unaffected by the Fitzpatrick modifiers.
As of Unicode version 15.0, Fitzpatrick modifiers can be used with 131 human emoji spread across seven blocks: Dingbats, Emoticons, Miscellaneous Symbols, Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs, Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs, Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A, and Transport and Map Symbols.[154]

The following table shows both the Unicode characters and the open-source «Twemoji» images, designed by Twitter:

Sample use of Fitzpatrick modifiers

Code point Default FITZ-1-2 FITZ-3 FITZ-4 FITZ-5 FITZ-6
U+1F9D2: Child Text 🧒 🧒🏻 🧒🏼 🧒🏽 🧒🏾 🧒🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f9d2.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3ff.svg
U+1F466: Boy Text 👦 👦🏻 👦🏼 👦🏽 👦🏾 👦🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f466.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3ff.svg
U+1F467: Girl Text 👧 👧🏻 👧🏼 👧🏽 👧🏾 👧🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f467.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3ff.svg
U+1F9D1: Adult Text 🧑 🧑🏻 🧑🏼 🧑🏽 🧑🏾 🧑🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f9d1.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3ff.svg
U+1F468: Man Text 👨 👨🏻 👨🏼 👨🏽 👨🏾 👨🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f468.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3ff.svg
U+1F469: Woman Text 👩 👩🏻 👩🏼 👩🏽 👩🏾 👩🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f469.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3ff.svg

Joining

Behaviour of the ZWJ and

ZWNJ format controls with various types of character, including emoji.

Implementations may use a zero-width joiner (ZWJ) between multiple emoji to make them behave like a single, unique emoji character.[59] For example, the sequence U+1F468 👨 MAN, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F469 👩 WOMAN, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F467 👧 GIRL (👨‍👩‍👧) could be displayed as a single emoji depicting a family with a man, a woman, and a girl if the implementation supports it. Systems that do not support it would ignore the ZWJs, displaying only the three base emoji in order (👨👩👧).

Unicode previously maintained a catalog of emoji ZWJ sequences that were supported on at least one commonly available platform. The consortium has since switched to documenting sequences that are recommended for general interchange (RGI). These are clusters that emoji fonts are expected to include as part of the standard.[155]

The ZWJ has also been used to implement platform specific emojis. For example, in 2016 Microsoft released a series of Ninja Cat emojis for their Windows 10 Anniversary Update. The sequence U+1F431 🐱 CAT FACE, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F464 👤 BUST IN SILHOUETTE were used to create Ninja Cat (🐱‍👤) .[c][156] Ninja Cat and variants were removed in late 2021’s Fluent emoji redesign.[157]

In Unicode

Unicode 15.0 represents emoji using 1,424 characters spread across 24 blocks, of which 26 are Regional indicator symbols that combine in pairs to form flag emoji, and 12 (#, * and 0–9) are base characters for keycap emoji sequences:[154][59]

637 of the 768 code points in the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block are considered emoji. 242 of the 256 code points in the Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs block are considered emoji. All of the 107 code points in the Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A block are considered emoji. All of the 80 code points in the Emoticons block are considered emoji. 105 of the 118 code points in the Transport and Map Symbols block are considered emoji. 83 of the 256 code points in the Miscellaneous Symbols block are considered emoji. 33 of the 192 code points in the Dingbats block are considered emoji.

  • v
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List of Unicode single emojis[1][2][3][4]
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+00Ax ©️ ®️
U+203x ‼️
U+204x ⁉️
U+212x ™️
U+213x ℹ️
U+219x ↔️ ↕️ ↖️ ↗️ ↘️ ↙️
U+21Ax ↩️ ↪️
U+231x ⌚️ ⌛️
U+232x ⌨️
U+23Cx ⏏️
U+23Ex ⏩️ ⏪️ ⏫️ ⏬️ ⏭️ ⏮️ ⏯️
U+23Fx ⏰️ ⏱️ ⏲️ ⏳️ ⏸️ ⏹️ ⏺️
U+24Cx Ⓜ️
U+25Ax ▪️ ▫️
U+25Bx ▶️
U+25Cx ◀️
U+25Fx ◻️ ◼️ ◽️ ◾️
U+260x ☀️ ☁️ ☂️ ☃️ ☄️ ☎️
U+261x ☑️ ☔️ ☕️ ☘️ ☝️
U+262x ☠️ ☢️ ☣️ ☦️ ☪️ ☮️ ☯️
U+263x ☸️ ☹️ ☺️
U+264x ♀️ ♂️ ♈️ ♉️ ♊️ ♋️ ♌️ ♍️ ♎️ ♏️
U+265x ♐️ ♑️ ♒️ ♓️ ♟️
U+266x ♠️ ♣️ ♥️ ♦️ ♨️
U+267x ♻️ ♾️ ♿️
U+269x ⚒️ ⚓️ ⚔️ ⚕️ ⚖️ ⚗️ ⚙️ ⚛️ ⚜️
U+26Ax ⚠️ ⚡️ ⚧️ ⚪️ ⚫️
U+26Bx ⚰️ ⚱️ ⚽️ ⚾️
U+26Cx ⛄️ ⛅️ ⛈️ ⛎️ ⛏️
U+26Dx ⛑️ ⛓️ ⛔️
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+26Ex ⛩️ ⛪️
U+26Fx ⛰️ ⛱️ ⛲️ ⛳️ ⛴️ ⛵️ ⛷️ ⛸️ ⛹️ ⛺️ ⛽️
U+270x ✂️ ✅️ ✈️ ✉️ ✊️ ✋️ ✌️ ✍️ ✏️
U+271x ✒️ ✔️ ✖️ ✝️
U+272x ✡️ ✨️
U+273x ✳️ ✴️
U+274x ❄️ ❇️ ❌️ ❎️
U+275x ❓️ ❔️ ❕️ ❗️
U+276x ❣️ ❤️
U+279x ➕️ ➖️ ➗️
U+27Ax ➡️
U+27Bx ➰️ ➿️
U+293x ⤴️ ⤵️
U+2B0x ⬅️ ⬆️ ⬇️
U+2B1x ⬛️ ⬜️
U+2B5x ⭐️ ⭕️
U+303x 〰️ 〽️
U+329x ㊗️ ㊙️
U+1F00x 🀄
U+1F0Cx 🃏
U+1F17x 🅰️ 🅱️ 🅾️ 🅿️
U+1F18x 🆎
U+1F19x 🆑 🆒 🆓 🆔 🆕 🆖 🆗 🆘 🆙 🆚
U+1F20x 🈁 🈂️
U+1F21x 🈚
U+1F22x 🈯
U+1F23x 🈲 🈳 🈴 🈵 🈶 🈷️ 🈸 🈹 🈺
U+1F25x 🉐 🉑
U+1F30x 🌀 🌁 🌂 🌃 🌄 🌅 🌆 🌇 🌈 🌉 🌊 🌋 🌌 🌍 🌎 🌏
U+1F31x 🌐 🌑 🌒 🌓 🌔 🌕 🌖 🌗 🌘 🌙 🌚 🌛 🌜 🌝 🌞 🌟
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F32x 🌠 🌡️ 🌤️ 🌥️ 🌦️ 🌧️ 🌨️ 🌩️ 🌪️ 🌫️ 🌬️ 🌭 🌮 🌯
U+1F33x 🌰 🌱 🌲 🌳 🌴 🌵 🌶️ 🌷 🌸 🌹 🌺 🌻 🌼 🌽 🌾 🌿
U+1F34x 🍀 🍁 🍂 🍃 🍄 🍅 🍆 🍇 🍈 🍉 🍊 🍋 🍌 🍍 🍎 🍏
U+1F35x 🍐 🍑 🍒 🍓 🍔 🍕 🍖 🍗 🍘 🍙 🍚 🍛 🍜 🍝 🍞 🍟
U+1F36x 🍠 🍡 🍢 🍣 🍤 🍥 🍦 🍧 🍨 🍩 🍪 🍫 🍬 🍭 🍮 🍯
U+1F37x 🍰 🍱 🍲 🍳 🍴 🍵 🍶 🍷 🍸 🍹 🍺 🍻 🍼 🍽️ 🍾 🍿
U+1F38x 🎀 🎁 🎂 🎃 🎄 🎅 🎆 🎇 🎈 🎉 🎊 🎋 🎌 🎍 🎎 🎏
U+1F39x 🎐 🎑 🎒 🎓 🎖️ 🎗️ 🎙️ 🎚️ 🎛️ 🎞️ 🎟️
U+1F3Ax 🎠 🎡 🎢 🎣 🎤 🎥 🎦 🎧 🎨 🎩 🎪 🎫 🎬 🎭 🎮 🎯
U+1F3Bx 🎰 🎱 🎲 🎳 🎴 🎵 🎶 🎷 🎸 🎹 🎺 🎻 🎼 🎽 🎾 🎿
U+1F3Cx 🏀 🏁 🏂 🏃 🏄 🏅 🏆 🏇 🏈 🏉 🏊 🏋️ 🏌️ 🏍️ 🏎️ 🏏
U+1F3Dx 🏐 🏑 🏒 🏓 🏔️ 🏕️ 🏖️ 🏗️ 🏘️ 🏙️ 🏚️ 🏛️ 🏜️ 🏝️ 🏞️ 🏟️
U+1F3Ex 🏠 🏡 🏢 🏣 🏤 🏥 🏦 🏧 🏨 🏩 🏪 🏫 🏬 🏭 🏮 🏯
U+1F3Fx 🏰 🏳️ 🏴 🏵️ 🏷️ 🏸 🏹 🏺 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿
U+1F40x 🐀 🐁 🐂 🐃 🐄 🐅 🐆 🐇 🐈 🐉 🐊 🐋 🐌 🐍 🐎 🐏
U+1F41x 🐐 🐑 🐒 🐓 🐔 🐕 🐖 🐗 🐘 🐙 🐚 🐛 🐜 🐝 🐞 🐟
U+1F42x 🐠 🐡 🐢 🐣 🐤 🐥 🐦 🐧 🐨 🐩 🐪 🐫 🐬 🐭 🐮 🐯
U+1F43x 🐰 🐱 🐲 🐳 🐴 🐵 🐶 🐷 🐸 🐹 🐺 🐻 🐼 🐽 🐾 🐿️
U+1F44x 👀 👁️ 👂 👃 👄 👅 👆 👇 👈 👉 👊 👋 👌 👍 👎 👏
U+1F45x 👐 👑 👒 👓 👔 👕 👖 👗 👘 👙 👚 👛 👜 👝 👞 👟
U+1F46x 👠 👡 👢 👣 👤 👥 👦 👧 👨 👩 👪 👫 👬 👭 👮 👯
U+1F47x 👰 👱 👲 👳 👴 👵 👶 👷 👸 👹 👺 👻 👼 👽 👾 👿
U+1F48x 💀 💁 💂 💃 💄 💅 💆 💇 💈 💉 💊 💋 💌 💍 💎 💏
U+1F49x 💐 💑 💒 💓 💔 💕 💖 💗 💘 💙 💚 💛 💜 💝 💞 💟
U+1F4Ax 💠 💡 💢 💣 💤 💥 💦 💧 💨 💩 💪 💫 💬 💭 💮 💯
U+1F4Bx 💰 💱 💲 💳 💴 💵 💶 💷 💸 💹 💺 💻 💼 💽 💾 💿
U+1F4Cx 📀 📁 📂 📃 📄 📅 📆 📇 📈 📉 📊 📋 📌 📍 📎 📏
U+1F4Dx 📐 📑 📒 📓 📔 📕 📖 📗 📘 📙 📚 📛 📜 📝 📞 📟
U+1F4Ex 📠 📡 📢 📣 📤 📥 📦 📧 📨 📩 📪 📫 📬 📭 📮 📯
U+1F4Fx 📰 📱 📲 📳 📴 📵 📶 📷 📸 📹 📺 📻 📼 📽️ 📿
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F50x 🔀 🔁 🔂 🔃 🔄 🔅 🔆 🔇 🔈 🔉 🔊 🔋 🔌 🔍 🔎 🔏
U+1F51x 🔐 🔑 🔒 🔓 🔔 🔕 🔖 🔗 🔘 🔙 🔚 🔛 🔜 🔝 🔞 🔟
U+1F52x 🔠 🔡 🔢 🔣 🔤 🔥 🔦 🔧 🔨 🔩 🔪 🔫 🔬 🔭 🔮 🔯
U+1F53x 🔰 🔱 🔲 🔳 🔴 🔵 🔶 🔷 🔸 🔹 🔺 🔻 🔼 🔽
U+1F54x 🕉️ 🕊️ 🕋 🕌 🕍 🕎
U+1F55x 🕐 🕑 🕒 🕓 🕔 🕕 🕖 🕗 🕘 🕙 🕚 🕛 🕜 🕝 🕞 🕟
U+1F56x 🕠 🕡 🕢 🕣 🕤 🕥 🕦 🕧 🕯️
U+1F57x 🕰️ 🕳️ 🕴️ 🕵️ 🕶️ 🕷️ 🕸️ 🕹️ 🕺
U+1F58x 🖇️ 🖊️ 🖋️ 🖌️ 🖍️
U+1F59x 🖐️ 🖕 🖖
U+1F5Ax 🖤 🖥️ 🖨️
U+1F5Bx 🖱️ 🖲️ 🖼️
U+1F5Cx 🗂️ 🗃️ 🗄️
U+1F5Dx 🗑️ 🗒️ 🗓️ 🗜️ 🗝️ 🗞️
U+1F5Ex 🗡️ 🗣️ 🗨️ 🗯️
U+1F5Fx 🗳️ 🗺️ 🗻 🗼 🗽 🗾 🗿
U+1F60x 😀 😁 😂 😃 😄 😅 😆 😇 😈 😉 😊 😋 😌 😍 😎 😏
U+1F61x 😐 😑 😒 😓 😔 😕 😖 😗 😘 😙 😚 😛 😜 😝 😞 😟
U+1F62x 😠 😡 😢 😣 😤 😥 😦 😧 😨 😩 😪 😫 😬 😭 😮 😯
U+1F63x 😰 😱 😲 😳 😴 😵 😶 😷 😸 😹 😺 😻 😼 😽 😾 😿
U+1F64x 🙀 🙁 🙂 🙃 🙄 🙅 🙆 🙇 🙈 🙉 🙊 🙋 🙌 🙍 🙎 🙏
U+1F68x 🚀 🚁 🚂 🚃 🚄 🚅 🚆 🚇 🚈 🚉 🚊 🚋 🚌 🚍 🚎 🚏
U+1F69x 🚐 🚑 🚒 🚓 🚔 🚕 🚖 🚗 🚘 🚙 🚚 🚛 🚜 🚝 🚞 🚟
U+1F6Ax 🚠 🚡 🚢 🚣 🚤 🚥 🚦 🚧 🚨 🚩 🚪 🚫 🚬 🚭 🚮 🚯
U+1F6Bx 🚰 🚱 🚲 🚳 🚴 🚵 🚶 🚷 🚸 🚹 🚺 🚻 🚼 🚽 🚾 🚿
U+1F6Cx 🛀 🛁 🛂 🛃 🛄 🛅 🛋️ 🛌 🛍️ 🛎️ 🛏️
U+1F6Dx 🛐 🛑 🛒 🛕 🛖 🛗 🛜 🛝 🛞 🛟
U+1F6Ex 🛠️ 🛡️ 🛢️ 🛣️ 🛤️ 🛥️ 🛩️ 🛫 🛬
U+1F6Fx 🛰️ 🛳️ 🛴 🛵 🛶 🛷 🛸 🛹 🛺 🛻 🛼
U+1F7Ex 🟠 🟡 🟢 🟣 🟤 🟥 🟦 🟧 🟨 🟩 🟪 🟫
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F7Fx 🟰
U+1F90x 🤌 🤍 🤎 🤏
U+1F91x 🤐 🤑 🤒 🤓 🤔 🤕 🤖 🤗 🤘 🤙 🤚 🤛 🤜 🤝 🤞 🤟
U+1F92x 🤠 🤡 🤢 🤣 🤤 🤥 🤦 🤧 🤨 🤩 🤪 🤫 🤬 🤭 🤮 🤯
U+1F93x 🤰 🤱 🤲 🤳 🤴 🤵 🤶 🤷 🤸 🤹 🤺 🤼 🤽 🤾 🤿
U+1F94x 🥀 🥁 🥂 🥃 🥄 🥅 🥇 🥈 🥉 🥊 🥋 🥌 🥍 🥎 🥏
U+1F95x 🥐 🥑 🥒 🥓 🥔 🥕 🥖 🥗 🥘 🥙 🥚 🥛 🥜 🥝 🥞 🥟
U+1F96x 🥠 🥡 🥢 🥣 🥤 🥥 🥦 🥧 🥨 🥩 🥪 🥫 🥬 🥭 🥮 🥯
U+1F97x 🥰 🥱 🥲 🥳 🥴 🥵 🥶 🥷 🥸 🥹 🥺 🥻 🥼 🥽 🥾 🥿
U+1F98x 🦀 🦁 🦂 🦃 🦄 🦅 🦆 🦇 🦈 🦉 🦊 🦋 🦌 🦍 🦎 🦏
U+1F99x 🦐 🦑 🦒 🦓 🦔 🦕 🦖 🦗 🦘 🦙 🦚 🦛 🦜 🦝 🦞 🦟
U+1F9Ax 🦠 🦡 🦢 🦣 🦤 🦥 🦦 🦧 🦨 🦩 🦪 🦫 🦬 🦭 🦮 🦯
U+1F9Bx 🦰 🦱 🦲 🦳 🦴 🦵 🦶 🦷 🦸 🦹 🦺 🦻 🦼 🦽 🦾 🦿
U+1F9Cx 🧀 🧁 🧂 🧃 🧄 🧅 🧆 🧇 🧈 🧉 🧊 🧋 🧌 🧍 🧎 🧏
U+1F9Dx 🧐 🧑 🧒 🧓 🧔 🧕 🧖 🧗 🧘 🧙 🧚 🧛 🧜 🧝 🧞 🧟
U+1F9Ex 🧠 🧡 🧢 🧣 🧤 🧥 🧦 🧧 🧨 🧩 🧪 🧫 🧬 🧭 🧮 🧯
U+1F9Fx 🧰 🧱 🧲 🧳 🧴 🧵 🧶 🧷 🧸 🧹 🧺 🧻 🧼 🧽 🧾 🧿
U+1FA7x 🩰 🩱 🩲 🩳 🩴 🩵 🩶 🩷 🩸 🩹 🩺 🩻 🩼
U+1FA8x 🪀 🪁 🪂 🪃 🪄 🪅 🪆 🪇 🪈
U+1FA9x 🪐 🪑 🪒 🪓 🪔 🪕 🪖 🪗 🪘 🪙 🪚 🪛 🪜 🪝 🪞 🪟
U+1FAAx 🪠 🪡 🪢 🪣 🪤 🪥 🪦 🪧 🪨 🪩 🪪 🪫 🪬 🪭 🪮 🪯
U+1FABx 🪰 🪱 🪲 🪳 🪴 🪵 🪶 🪷 🪸 🪹 🪺 🪻 🪼 🪽 🪿
U+1FACx 🫀 🫁 🫂 🫃 🫄 🫅 🫎 🫏
U+1FADx 🫐 🫑 🫒 🫓 🫔 🫕 🫖 🫗 🫘 🫙 🫚 🫛
U+1FAEx 🫠 🫡 🫢 🫣 🫤 🫥 🫦 🫧 🫨
U+1FAFx 🫰 🫱 🫲 🫳 🫴 🫵 🫶 🫷 🫸
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
Notes

1.^ As of Unicode version 15.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-emoji or non-assigned code points
3.^ «UTR #51: Unicode Emoji». Unicode Consortium.
4.^ «UCD: Emoji Data for UTR #51». Unicode Consortium. August 2, 2022.

Additional emoji can be found in the following Unicode blocks: Arrows (8 code points considered emoji), Basic Latin (12), CJK Symbols and Punctuation (2), Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement (41), Enclosed Alphanumerics (1), Enclosed CJK Letters and Months (2), Enclosed Ideographic Supplement (15), General Punctuation (2), Geometric Shapes (8), Geometric Shapes Extended (13), Latin-1 Supplement (2), Letterlike Symbols (2), Mahjong Tiles (1), Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows (7), Miscellaneous Technical (18), Playing Cards (1), and Supplemental Arrows-B (2).

Additions

Some vendors, most notably Microsoft, Samsung and HTC, add emoji presentation to some other existing Unicode characters or coin their own ZWJ sequences.

Microsoft displays all Mahjong tiles (U+1F000‥2B, not just U+1F004 🀄 MAHJONG TILE RED DRAGON) and alternative card suits (U+2661 ♡ , U+2662 ♢ , U+2664 ♤ , U+2667 ♧ ) as emoji. They also support additional pencils (U+270E ✎ , U+2710 ✐ ) and a heart-shaped bullet (U+2765 ❥ ).

While only U+261D ☝ is officially an emoji, Microsoft and Samsung add the other three directions as well (U+261C ☜ , U+261E ☞ , U+261F ☟ ).
Both vendors pair the standard checked ballot box emoji U+2611 ☑ with its crossed variant U+2612 ☒ , but only Samsung also has the empty ballot box U+2610 ☐ .

Samsung almost completely covers the rest of the Miscellaneous Symbols block (U+2600‥FF) as emoji, which includes Chess pieces, game die faces, some traffic sign as well as genealogical and astronomical symbols for instance.

HTC supports most additional pictographs from the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs (U+1F300‥5FF) and Transport and Map Symbols (U+1F680‥FF) blocks. Some of them are also shown as emoji on Samsung devices.

The open source projects Emojidex and Emojitwo are trying to cover all of these extensions established by major vendors.

In popular culture

  • The 2009 film Moon featured a robot named GERTY who communicates using a neutral-toned synthesized voice together with a screen showing emoji representing the corresponding emotional content.[158]
  • In 2014, the Library of Congress acquired an emoji version of Herman Melville’s Moby Dick created by Fred Benenson.[159][160]
  • A musical called Emojiland premiered at Rockwell Table & Stage in Los Angeles in May 2016,[88][89] after selected songs were presented at the same venue in 2015.[161][162]
  • In October 2016, the Museum of Modern Art acquired the original collection of emoji distributed by NTT DoCoMo in 1999.[163]
  • In November 2016, the first emoji-themed convention, Emojicon, was held in San Francisco.[164]
  • In March 2017, the first episode of the fifth season of Samurai Jack featured alien characters who communicate in emoji.[165]
  • In April 2017, the Doctor Who episode «Smile» featured nanobots called Vardy, which communicate through robotic avatars that use emoji (without any accompanying speech output) and are sometimes referred to by the time travelers as «Emojibots».[166]
  • On July 28, 2017, Sony Pictures Animation released The Emoji Movie, a 3D computer animated movie featuring the voices of Patrick Stewart, Christina Aguilera, Sofía Vergara, Anna Faris, T. J. Miller, and other notable actors and comedians.[167]
  • On September 3, 2021, Drake released his sixth studio album, Certified Lover Boy with album cover art featuring twelve emoji of pregnant women in varying clothing colors, hair colors and skin tones.[168][169]

See also

  • Blob emoji
  • Emojipedia
  • Emojli
  • Hieroglyphics
  • iConji
  • Kaomoji
  • Pictogram

Notes

  1. ^ Also has ARIB (ARIB SJIS 0xEECE)[61] and JCarrier (SoftBank SJIS 0xF7DA, au SJIS 0xF74A)[62] sources.
  2. ^ Older au by KDDI devices had used pictorial representations of all zodiac signs, displaying for instance the pisces sign (♓️) as a fish (🐟). Later devices had changed these to symbols, for consistency with other vendors.[66]
  3. ^ Five other Ninja Cat emojis were released: Ninja Cat Flying (🐱‍🏍), Ninja Cat at Computer (🐱‍💻), Ninja Cat riding T-Rex (🐱‍🐉), Ninja Cat with Coffee (🐱‍👓) and Ninja Cat in Space (🐱‍🚀).

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Further reading

  • Pardes, Arielle (February 1, 2018). «The WIRED Guide to Emoji». Wired. ISSN 1059-1028.

External links

  • Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode emoji
  • The Unicode FAQ – Emoji & Dingbats
  • Emoji Symbols – the original proposals for encoding of Emoji symbols as Unicode characters
  • Background data for Unicode proposal
  • emojitracker – list of most popularly used emoji on the Twitter platform; updated in real-time

Идеограммы или смайлы, используемые в электронных сообщениях и веб-страницах

Смайлики, созданные в рамках проекта Noto Цветные эмодзи из Google Noto Emoji Project, используемый Gmail, Google Hangouts, Chrome OS и Android

Emoji (японский : 絵 文字 （え も じ）, английский: ; Японский: ; смайлы в единственном числе, смайлы во множественном числе или смайлики) — это идеограммы и смайлы используется в электронных сообщениях и веб-страницах. Некоторые примеры смайликов: 😃, 🧘🏻‍♂️, 🌍, 🍞, 🚗, 📞, 🎉, ♥ ️ и 🏁. Эмодзи существуют в разных жанрах, включая выражения лица, обычные предметы, места и типы погоды, а также животных. Они очень похожи на смайлики, но смайлики — изображения это, а не типографические аппроксимации ; термин «эмодзи» в строгом смысле относится к таким изображениям, которые могут быть представлены как закодированные символы, но иногда он применяется к стикерам для обмена сообщениями в виде расширения. Первоначально означающее пиктограмма, emoji происходит от японского e (絵, «картинка») + moji (文, «персонаж»); сходство с английскими словами «эмоция» и «смайлик» чисто случайное. Код сценария ISO 15924 для смайликов: Zsye.

. Эмодзи, появившийся на японских мобильных телефонов в 1997 году, стал более популярным во всем мире в 2010-х годах после того, как был добавлен несколько мобильных операционных систем. системы. Теперь они считаются большим частью национальной культуры на Западе. В 2015 году Oxford Dictionaries назвали смайлик Face with Tears of Joy (😂) Словом года.

Содержание

  • 1 История
    • 1.1 происхождение пиктограмм эмодзи (1990) -е)
    • 1.2 Разработка наборов эмодзи (2000–2009)
    • 1.3 Современные эмодзи (2010 — настоящее время)
    • 1.4 Культурное влияние
      • 1.4.1 Эмодзи, способствующие развитию современных идей
  • 2 Проблемы общения с эмодзи
    • 2.1 Спорные эмодзи
  • 3 Смайлы и текстовое представление
  • 4 Цвет кожи
  • 5 Присоединение к
  • 6 блоков Unicode
    • 6.1 Дополнения
  • 7 Реализация
    • 7.1 Технические аспекты
      • 7.1.1 Поддержка дополнительной многоязычной плоскости
      • 7.1.2 Поддержка формата шрифта
      • 7.1.3 Интернационализированные доменные имена
    • 7.2 Поставщики и платформы
      • 7.2.1 Google (Android и Chrome ОС)
      • 7.2.2 Apple
      • 7.2.3 Linux
      • 7.2.4 Microsoft Windows
      • 7.2.5 Платформы социальных сетей
      • 7.2.6 Другие поставщики шрифтов эмод зи
  • 8 В популярной культуре
  • 9 См. Также
  • 10 Примечания
  • 11 Ссылки
  • 12 Внешние ссылки

История

Происхождение пиктограмм эмодзи (1990-е годы)

Блок символов Unicode

Emoji
Наборы символов Emoji
Назначено 1329 кодовых точек
История версии Unicode
1.0.0 81 (+81)
3,0 83 (+2)
3,2 91 (+8)
4,0 99 (+8)
4, 1 116 (+17)
5,1 120 (+4)
5,2 148 (+28)
6, 0 870 (+722)
6,1 883 (+13)
7,0 989 (+106)
8,0 1019 (+30)
9,0 1091 (+72)
10,0 1,147 (+56)
11,0 1,213 (+66)
12,0 1,274 (+61)
13,0 1329 (+55)
Примечание . Эти подсчеты к смайликам, которые предоставляют собой одиночные символы Unicode; намного больше смайликов состоят из последовательностей двух или более символов. Эмодзи были впервые использованы в Unicode 6.0, а символы до 6.0 были впервые использованы в качестве эмодзи только в 6.0 или более поздних версиях.

Эмодзи предшествовал смайлик, базовая текстовая версия ныне установленного Unicode язык эмодзи и, вероятно, был вдохновлен пиктограммами. В 1990-х годах в Европе, Японии и в Штатах были предложены многочисленные варианты улучшения основного смайлик, чтобы сделать его более желательным для использования. Эмодзи основан на использовании текстовых маркеров для формирования изображений. Это восходит к 1960-м годам, когда русский прозаик и профессор Владимир Набоков заявил в интервью The New York Times «Я часто думаю, что должен существовать особый типографский знак улыбки — какой-то вогнутый знак, круглая скобка на спине «. Однако только в 1980-х годах компьютерный ученый Скотт Фалман изобрел смайлик, предположив, что :-) и :-( могут заменить язык.

В начале 1990-х там были несколько цифровых смайлов и смайликов, которые использовались в шрифтах, пиктограммах, графических изображений и даже в приветственных сообщениях. Шрифт Wingdings, подходящими и использовала в Microsoft, включала пиктограммы, такие как смайлики и грустные лица, впервые появившиеся в Windows и другие платформы Microsoft с 1990 г. В конце 1995 г. об этом было объявлено во французской газете Le Monde, эта телекоммуникационная компания Alcatel будет выпускать мобильный телефон, который будет выпущен в 1996 году. В газетной статье изображен BC 600 с цифровым смайликом на экране приветствия. Версии Nokia телефон также содержал наборы графических изображений, которые в 2001 году все еще назывались смайликами.

Хотя Wingdings и Webdings, как пользовательские закодированные шрифты pi, отправка для отправки пиктограмм в сообщениях форматированный текст на платформе, предоставляющие эти шрифты, они будут обозначены как буквы или другие символы где это не поддерживалось. Например, пиктограмма национальный парк (🏞) доступна в Webdings по адресу 0x 50, что соответствует заглавной букве P, закодированной в ASCII. В конце 1990-х годов операторы мобильных телефонов в Японии внедрили наборы эмодзи для использования на своих платформах; эти японские сотовые эмодзи отличались от шрифтов пи тем, поддерживали как пиктограммы, так и обычный текст в единой системе кодирования символов , что позволяло японло их свободно смешивать в текстовых сообщениях.

Emojipedia опубликовала результаты в начале 2019 года, заявив, что они считают SkyWalker DP-211SW, мобильный телефон, производимый J-Phone, который поддерживает набор из 90 смайликов, который, как известно, содержит набор смайликов в как части своего шрифта, начиная с 1997 года. К ним относятся смайлы, которые остаются популярными сегодня, например, Куча Poo. J-Phone DP-211SW плохо продавался из-за высокой розничной цены, поэтому массового внедрения смайлов в то время не было. J-Phone позже стал Vodafone Japan, а теперь — SoftBank Mobile ; более поздняя расширенная версия набора эмодзи SoftBank стала источником доступного на ранних iPhone.

Очень влиятельный ранний набор из 176 смайлов для сотовых телефонов Шигетака Курита в 1999 году, и развернут на NTT DoCoMo, i-mode, платформа Мобильный Интернет. Они былианы облегчить электронное общение и отличительной чертой среди других услуг. Из-за их влияния дизайны Куриты когда-то часто назывались первыми сотовыми смайликами; однако Курита отрицает, что это так. Согласно интервью, он черпал вдохновение в пиктограммах погоды, которые используются для изображения погодных условий в любой момент времени. Он также черпал вдохновение в китайских иероглифах и пиктограммах уличных знаков. Сейчас работы Куриты выставлены в Музее современного искусства в Нью-Йорке. Дополнительные 76 смайликов, помимо 176 основных смайлов, были добавлены телефоны с поддержкой C-HTML 4.0.

Первый набор смайликов J-Phone был черно-белым, а более поздние версии представили многоцветные глифы, тогда как Курита были ярко окрашены, хотя и с одним на глиф. Оба набора состояли из общих изображений, на которых представлены числа, спорт, время, фазы луны и погода. Дизайн Куриты и SoftBank представлял собой пиктограммы смайликов размером 12 × 12 пикселей. Третий примечательный набор эмодзи представлен японским брендом мобильных телефонов компанией KDDI, который оказал влияние на ранние разработки Google эмодзи.

Разработаны различные часто несовместимые кодировки символов, схемы различных операторов мобильной связи в Японии для собственных наборов эмодзи. При передаче в Shift JIS в NTT DoCoMo символы эмодзи указываются как последовательность из двух байтов в диапазоне от F89F до F9FC (как выражено в шестнадцатеричном формате ). Пиктограммы эмодзи на au от KDDI указываются с помощью тега IMG , кодируются в Shift JIS между F340 и F7FC или кодируются в расширенном JIS X 0208 между 7521 и 7B73. SoftBank Mobile поддерживает цвета и анимацию и использует разные форматы в 2G по сравнению с 3G: в формате 2G они кодируются последовательностями с помощью управляющих символов Escape и Shift In, тогда как в формате 3G они кодируются в Shift JIS между F741 и FBDE. Формат SoftBank 3G конфликтует с другими поставщиками: например, представление Shift JIS F797 используется SoftBank для круглосуточного магазина (🏪), но для наручных часов (⌚️) от KDDI.

DoCoMo и SoftBank разработали свои собственные схемы для своих представлений наборов эмодзи в расширенном JIS X 0208 между 7522 и 7E38. Они часто соответствовали кодировкам аналогичных эмодзи KDDI там, где они существовали: например, камера (📷) была представлена ​​в Shift JIS как F8E2 от DoCoMo, F6EE от KDDI и F948 от SoftBank, но как 7670 в JIS всеми тремя. Все три производителя также разработали схемы кодирования своих смайлов в Unicode Private Use Area : DoCoMo, например, использовал диапазон от U + E63E до U + E757.

Разработка наборов смайлов (2000–2009)

Базовые эмодзи 12 × 12 пикселей в Японии стали популярны на различных платформах в течение следующего десятилетия. Этой способствовала популярность DoCoMo i-mode, который стал для многих устройств смартфона . В сервисе i-mode также были представлены смайлы в разговора в мессенджерах apps. К 2004 году у i-mode было 40 миллионов подписчиков, что означает, что многие люди впервые увидели смайлики в период с 2000 по 2004 год. Популярность i-mode привела к тому, что другие производители стали конкурировать с аналогичными предложениями и разработали свои собственные наборы смайликов. В то время как в Япония смайлы были широко распространены в то время, компании не смогли сотрудничать и придумали единый набор смайликов, который можно было бы использовать на всех платформах в стране.

Универсальный кодированный набор символов (Unicode ), находящийся под контролем Консорциума Unicode и ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 2, уже был создан как международный стандарт для представления текста (ISO / IEC 10646 ) с 1993 года, хотя варианты Shift JIS оставались относительно распространенными в Японии. Юникод включает несколько символов, которые могут быть классифицированы как эмодзи, в том числе некоторые из североамериканских или западноевропейских источников, таких как ITC Zapf Dingbats или код ДОС. стр. 437. Покрытие Unicode письменных символов несколько раз расширялось новыми выпусками в течение 2000-х годов, с небольшим интересом к включению японских сотовых наборов эмодзи (которые считались выходными за рамки), хотя символы, которые были классифицированы как эмодзи, продолжали добавляться. Например, выпуск Unicode 4.0 содержит 16 новых смайлов, включая стрелки направления, предупреждающий треугольник и кнопку извлечения. Помимо Zapf Dingbats, других шрифтов dingbat, таких как Wingdings или Webdings, также включаются дополнительные пиктографические символы в свои собственные кодировки шрифтов pi; Однако есть отличие от Zapf Dingbats, многие из них не доступны в виде эмодзи Unicode до 2014 года.

The Smiley Company разработала Словарь смайлов, который был запущен в 2001 году. Платформа для настольных ПК была нацелена на то, чтобы люди могли вставлять смайлы в виде при отправке электронных писем и записей на настольном компьютере. Панель инструментов со смайликами предлагала множество символов и смайлов, которые использовались на таких платформах, как MSN Messenger. Nokia как одна из крупнейших телекоммуникационных компаний в мире в 2001 году смайлики были установлены как смайлы. Движение цифровых смайлов возглавил Николас Луфрани, генеральный директор компании Smiley. Он создал панель инструментов со смайликами, которая была доступна на сайте smileydictionary.com в начале 2000-х, чтобы ее можно было отправлять как смайлы сегодня.

Операторы мобильной связи в США и Европе начали обсуждение того, как ввести свои собственные наборы смайлов с 2004 года. Только когда сотрудники Google попросили Unicode изучить возможность единого набора смайлов, многие компании начали серьезно относиться к смайликам. Apple быстро последовала за ними и начала сотрудничать не только с Google, но и с поставщиками в Европе и Японии. В августе 2007 года Марк Дэвис и его коллеги Кэт Момои и Маркус Шерер написали первый черновик для рассмотрения Техническим комитетом Unicode (UTC), чтобы достичь смайлы в стандарт Unicode. UTC, который ранее считал, что смайлики выходят за рамки Unicode, принял решение расширить область, чтобы обеспечить совместимость с японскими форматами сотовых операторов, которые становились все более распространенными. Питер Эдберг и Ясуо Кида присоединились к совместным усилиям Apple Inc. вскоре после этого, и официальное предложение UTC в качестве соавторов поступило в 2009 году.

Отдельно предложение было подано в 2008 году. для добавления символов расширенного набора ARIB, используя в вещании в Японии, в Unicode. Это включало несколько пиктографических символов. Они были добавлены в Unicode 5.2 в 2009 году, за год до того, как были полностью добавлены наборы сотовых смайликов; они включают в себя несколько символов, которые либо присутствовали в сотовых смайликах, либо были классифицированы как смайлики.

На протяжении 2009 года члены Консорциума Unicode и национальные органы стандартизации различных стран давали отзывы и предлагали изменения в международной стандартизации эмодзи. В качестве стандартного набора выбран набор из 722 смайликов, который будет выпущен в 2010 году как Unicode 6.0.

Современные смайлики (с 2010 г. по настоящее время))

С появлением в 2009 году новых смайликов Unicode были представлены некоторые из самых известных смайлов, используемых сегодня. Появление новых смайликов вызвало множество проблем с прорезыванием зубов, многие из которых отзывались о различных странах, а также о неправильном использовании. Как известно, и персик, и баклажан использовались в других значениях, а другие часто использовались в преступных целях. Это привело к тому, что эмодзи с оружием были удалены и заменены водяным пистолетом.

Популярность эмодзи вызвала давление со стороны и международных рынков, чтобы они добавили дополнительные конструкции в стандарт Unicode для удовлетворения требований различных культур. В Unicode 7.0 добавлено около 250 смайлов, многие из шрифтов Webdings и Wingdings. Некоторые символы, теперь используемые как эмодзи, унаследованные от различных систем обмена сообщениями до Unicode, используются не только в Японии, включая Yahoo и MSN Messenger. В Unicode 8.0 добавлен еще 41 смайлик, включая предметы спортивного инвентаря, такие как крикетная бита, продукты питания, такие как тако, знаки Зодиака, новые выражения лица и символы мест. поклонения.

Есть несколько источников символов эмодзи. Один символ может существовать в нескольких источниках, и символы из источника были объединены с существующими символами, где это уместно: например, символ погоды «ливень» (☔️) из источника ARIB был объединен с существующим зонтом с символом капель дождя, который имел добавлено для совместимости с КПС 9566. Эмодзи по имени «Дождь» («雨», амэ) от всех трех японских перевозчиков, в свою очередь, были объединены с персонажем ARIB. Однако Консорциум Unicode классифицирует наиболее важные источники эмодзи в четырех категориях:

Категория источника Сокращения Версия Unicode (год) Включенные источники Пример
Zapf Dingbats ZDings, z 1.0 (1991) ITC Zapf Dingbats Series 100 ❣️ (U + 2763 ← 0xA3)
ARIB ARIB, a 5.2 (2008) ARIB STD-B24 Том 1 расширенный Shift JIS ⛩️ (U + 26E9 ← 0xEE4B)
Японские операторы JCarrier, j 6.0 (2010) NTT DoCoMo мобильный Shift JIS 🎠 (U + 1F3A0 ← 0xF8DA)
au от KDDI мобильный Shift JIS 📌 (U + 1F4CC ← 0xF78A)
SoftBank 3G мобильный Shift JIS 💒 (U + 1F492 ← 0xFB7D)
Крылья и Webdings WDings, w 7.0 (2014) Webdings 🛳️ (U + 1F6F3 ← 0x54)
Wingdings 🏵️ (U + 1F3F5 ← 0x7B)
Крылья 2 🖍️ (U + 1F58D ← 0x24)
Wingdings 3 ▶ ️ (U + 25B6 ← 0x75)

Корпоративный спрос или стандартизация эмодзи оказала давление на Консорциум Unicode, при этом некоторые участники жаловались, что он превзошел традиционную направленность группы на стандартизацию символов, используемых для языков меньшинств, и расшифровку исторических записей. И наоборот, Консорциум признает, что обеспечило поддержку поддержки Unicode, что особенно верно для символов за пределами Basic Multilingual Plane, что привело к лучшей поддержке исторического и меньшинства Unicode. сценарии в развернутом программном бизнесе.

Символы эмодзи незначительно различаются между платформами в пределах значений, определенных спецификацией Unicode, поскольку компании пытались обеспечить художественное представление идей и объектов. Например, следуя традиции Apple, смайлы календаря на продуктах Apple всегда показывают 17 июля, дату, когда в 2002 году Apple объявила о выпуске календарного приложения iCal для macOS. Это привело к тому, что некоторые пользователи продуктов Apple первоначально назвали 17 июля «Всемирным днем ​​эмодзи ». Другие шрифты смайликов показывают разные даты или не показывают конкретную дату.

Некоторые смайлы Apple очень похожи на стандарт SoftBank, поскольку SoftBank был первой японской сетью, в которой был запущен iPhone. Например, U + 1F483 💃 DANCER — женщина по стандартам Apple и SoftBank, но мужчина или гендерно нейтральный по другим стандартам.

Журналисты отметили, что двусмысленность смайликов позволила им взять на себя ответственность специфические для культуры значения, отсутствующие в исходных глифах . Например, U + 1F485 💅 NAIL POLISH был описан как используемый в англоязычных сообществах для обозначения «безразличной глупости» и «всего, что угодно от закрытия ненавистников вплоть до чувства выполненного долга «. Руководства по Unicode иногда содержат примечания к дополнительным значениям объекта, чтобы помочь дизайнерам понять, как можно использовать эмодзи, например, отмечая, что некоторые пользователи могут ожидать, что U + 1F4BA 💺 SEAT будет обозначать «зарезервированное или оплаченное место, самолет, поезд или театр ».

По состоянию на июль 2017 года в официальном списке стандарта Unicode было 2666 смайликов.

Культурное влияние

Цветные иллюстрации U + 1F602 😂 ЛИЦО СО СЛЕЗАМИ РАДОСТИ из Twitter, Noto Emoji Project и Firefox OS

Оксфордские словари названо U + 1F602 😂 ЛИЦО СО СЛЕЗАМИ РАДОСТИ его 2015 Слово года. Оксф орд отметил, что в 2015 году значительно увеличилось использование слова «эмодзи», и признал его влияние на популярную культуру. Президент Oxford Dictionaries Каспар Гратвол сказал, что «традиционные алфавитные шрифты изо всех сил пытаются удовлетворить стремительные, визуально сфокусированные требования коммуникации 21-го века. Неудивительно, что пиктографический шрифт, такой как эмодзи, вмешался, чтобы заполнить эти пробелы — он гибкий, немедленный, и красиво передает тон ». SwiftKey обнаружил, что« Лицо со слезами радости »было самым популярным смайликом во всем мире. Американское диалектное общество объявило U + 1F346 🍆 AUBERGINE «Самым заметным эмодзи» 2015 года в голосовании за «Слово года».

Некоторые эмодзи специфичны в японской культуре, например, кланяющийся бизнесмен (U + 1F647 🙇), знак шошинша используется для обозначения начинающего водителя (U + 1F530 🔰), белый цветок (U + 1F4AE 💮), используемый для обозначения «блестящего домашнего задания», или группа смайликов, представляющих популярные блюда: рамэн лапша (U + 1F35C 🍜), данго (U + 1F361 🍡), онигири (U + 1F359 🍙), Японское карри (U + 1F35B 🍛) и суши (U + 1F363 🍣). Юникод Консорциум основатель Марк Дэвис сравнил использование эмодзи с развивающимся языком, особенно упомянув американское использование баклажанов (U + 1F346 🍆) для обозначения фаллос. Некоторые лингвисты классифицировали смайлики и смайлики как маркеры дискурса.

В декабре 2015 года был опубликован анализ тональности смайликов и предоставлен рейтинг настроений Emoji 1.0. В 2016 году в Лос-Анджелесе состоялась премьера мюзикла об эмодзи. Анимированный на компьютере фильм The Emoji Movie был выпущен летом 2017 года.

В январе 2017 года, как считается, первое крупномасштабное исследование использования эмодзи, исследователи из Мичиганский университет проанализировал более 1,2 миллиарда сообщений, вводимых с помощью клавиатуры Kika Emoji Keyboard, и объявил, что Face With Tears of Joy — самый популярный смайлик. Смайлики Heart и Heart eyes заняли второе и третье места соответственно. Исследование также показало, что французы чаще всего используют смайлы в форме сердца. Люди в таких странах, как Австралия, Франция и Чешская Республика, использовали более счастливые смайлики, в то время как это было не так для жителей Мексики, Колумбии, Чили и Аргентины, где люди использовали более негативные смайлы по сравнению с культурными центрами, известными своей сдержанностью и самодисциплиной., например, Турция, Франция и Россия.

Среди юристов ведутся дискуссии о том, могут ли смайлики быть приемлемыми в качестве доказательства в судебных процессах. Кроме того, по мере того, как эмодзи продолжают развиваться и расти как «язык» символов, также может существовать потенциал формирования «диалектов» эмодзи. Эмодзи используются не только для демонстрации реакций и эмоций. Snapchat даже включил смайлики в свою систему трофеев и друзей, где каждый смайлик имеет сложное значение.

Смайлики, которые еще более актуальны в современном мире

Во второй половине 2019 года период Будут выпущены смайлы, которые помогут избавиться от клейма менструации. Помимо периодов нормализации, уместно будет описать медицинские темы, такие как сдача крови и другие виды деятельности, связанные с кровью.

Смайлик-комар был добавлен в 2018 году для повышения осведомленности о болезнях, распространяемых насекомыми, таких как как денге и малярия.

Проблемы общения с эмодзи

Исследования показали, что эмодзи часто понимают неправильно. В некоторых случаях это недоразумение связано с тем, как зритель интерпретирует фактический дизайн эмодзи; в других случаях отправленный смайлик не отображается на принимающей стороне таким же образом.

Первая проблема связана с культурной или контекстной интерпретацией смайликов. Когда автор выбирает смайлик, он думает об этом определенным образом, но один и тот же персонаж может не вызывать те же мысли в сознании получателя. (См. Также Модели общения.)

Например, люди в Китае разработали систему подрывного использования эмодзи, чтобы можно было отправить смайлик, чтобы передать презрение, насмешку, и даже неприятное отношение, так как orbicularis oculi (мышца около верхнего угла глаза) на лице смайлика не двигается, а orbicularis oris (та, что около рта) сжимается, что считается признаком подавления улыбка.

Вторая проблема связана с технологиями и брендингом. Когда автор сообщения выбирает смайлик из списка, он обычно кодируется неграфическим способом во время передачи, и если автор и читатель не используют одно и то же программное обеспечение или операционную систему для своих устройств, устройство читателя может визуализировать один и тот же смайлик по-разному. Небольшие изменения во внешности персонажа могут полностью изменить его воспринимаемое значение для получателя. Например, в апреле 2020 года британская актриса и ведущая Джамила Джамил опубликовала твит со своего iPhone, используя эмодзи «Лицо с рукой над ртом» (🤭) как часть комментария о людях, покупающих еду во время пандемия COVID-19. На Apple iOS выражение смайликов нейтрально и задумчиво, но на других платформах смайлики отображаются в виде хихикающего лица. Многие фанаты сначала были расстроены, думая, что она, как состоятельная знаменитость, издевалась над бедными людьми, но это не было ее намерением.

Спорные эмодзи

Эволюция эмодзи-пистолета, представленная на складе Системы Android. Слева направо: Jelly Bean (пистолет ), KitKat (мушкетон ), Lollipop (револьвер ), Oreo (револьвер) и Pie (вода пистолет ).

Некоторые эмодзи были вовлечены в споры из-за их предполагаемого значения. За использование пистолета (U + 1F52B 🔫), ножа (U + 1F5E1 🗡 <1658 последовало несколько арестов и тюремного заключения>) и взорвать (U + 1F4A3 💣) эмодзи способами, которые власти сочли представляющими реальную угрозу.

В преддверии летних Олимпийских игр 2016 Консорциум Unicode рассмотрел предложения о добавлении нескольких смайликов, связанных с Олимпийскими играми, в том числе медалей и соревнований, таких как гандбол и водное поло. К октябрю 2015 г. среди этих смайликов-кандидатов было «винтовка «(U + 1F946 🥆) и« современное пятиборье »(U + 1F93B 🤻). Однако в 2016 году Apple и Microsoft выступили против этих двух эмодзи, и перс онажи были добавлены без презентаций эмодзи, что означает, что программное обеспечение ожидается, что они будут отображаться в черно-белом режиме, а не в цвете, а программное обеспечение для смайлов, такое как экранные клавиатуры, как правило, их не включает. Кроме того, в то время как оригинальные воплощения эмодзи современного пятиборья изображали его пять событий, в том числе человека, указывающего на пистолет, последний символ содержит человека, едущего на лошади, а также мишень из лазерного пистолета в углу.

Чертеж револьвера Чертеж водяного пистолета Оригинал (слева).) и переработанный (справа) дизайн Twitter, демонстрирующий переход от револьвера к водяному пистолету

1 августа 2016 года Apple объявила, что в В iOS 10 эмодзи пистолета (U + 1F52B 🔫) будет изменен с реалистичного револьвера на водяной пистолет. И наоборот, на следующий день Microsoft выпустила обновление для Windows 10, которое изменило давнее представление эмодзи-пистолета как игрушечной лучевой пушки на настоящий револьвер. Microsoft заявила, что изменение было внесено, чтобы привести глиф в большее соответствие со стандартным дизайном и ожиданиями клиентов. К 2018 году большинство основных платформ, таких как Google, Microsoft, Samsung, Facebook и Twitter, изменили рендеринг эмодзи пистолета в соответствии с реализацией водяного пистолета Apple. Изменение изображения Apple с реалистичного пистолета на игрушечного парня было раскритиковано, в частности, редактором Emojipedia, потому что это могло привести к тому, что сообщения будут отображаться не так, как предполагал отправитель. Insider <Роб Прайс из 470>сказал, что это создает потенциал для «серьезного недопонимания между различными платформами», и спросил: «Что, если шутка, отправленная пользователем Apple пользователю Google, будет неправильно истолкована из-за различий в рендеринге? Или если отправлена ​​реальная угроза. пользователем Google пользователю Apple не сообщается, потому что это воспринимается как шутка? «

Смайлик баклажан (британский английский: баклажан) (U + 1F346 🍆) также вызвал споры из-за того, что он использовался почти исключительно в Северной Америке для обозначения полового члена. Начиная с декабря 2014 года, хэштег #EggplantFridays стал набирать популярность в Instagram для обозначения фотографий, на которых изображены одетые или обнаженные пенисы. Это стало такой популярной тенденцией, что начиная с апреля 2015 года Instagram отключил возможность поиска не только по тегу #EggplantFridays, но и по другим хэштегам, содержащим баклажаны, включая просто #eggplant и # 🍆.

Персик смайлики (U + 1F351 🍑) аналогичным образом использовались в качестве эвфемистических значков для ягодиц, при этом анализ Emojipedia 2016 года показал, что только 7% англоязычных твитов с смайликами персика относятся к настоящему фрукту. В 2016 году Apple попыталась изменить дизайн смайлов, чтобы они меньше напоминали ягодицы. Это вызвало резкую реакцию в ходе бета-тестирования, и Apple отменила свое решение к тому моменту, когда оно стало общедоступным.

В декабре 2017 года юрист из Дели, Индия, пригрозил подать иск против WhatsApp за разрешение использования среднего пальца эмодзи (U + 1F595 🖕) на том основании, что компания «напрямую способствует использованию наступательных, непристойный, непристойный жест »в нарушение Уголовного кодекса Индии.

Emoji по сравнению с текстовым представлением

Unicode определяет последовательности вариантов для многих своих смайлов, чтобы указать желаемое представление.

Персонажи эмодзи могут иметь два основных вида представления:

  • представление смайликов с красочными и, возможно, причудливыми формами, даже анимированное
  • текстовое представление, например, черно-белое — Технический отчет Unicode # 51: Unicode Emoji

Указание желаемой презентации осуществляется путем следования базовым смайликам с помощью либо U + FE0E VARIATION SELECTOR-15 (VS15) для текста, либо U + FE0F VARIATION SELECTOR-16 (VS16) для смайлов. -стиль.

Примеры последовательностей вариантов эмодзи

U+ 2139 231B 26A0 2712 2764 1F004 1F21A
представление по умолчанию текст эмодзи текст текст текст emoji emoji
базовая кодовая точка ℹ ⌛ ⚠ ✒ ❤ 🀄 🈚
base + VS15 (текст) ℹ︎ ⌛︎ ⚠︎ ✒︎ ❤︎ 🀄︎ 🈚︎
base + VS16 (emoji) ℹ️ ⌛️ ⚠️ ✒️ ❤️ 🀄️ 🈚️
изображение Twemoji Twemoji2 2139.svg Twemoji2 231b.svg Twemoji2 26a0.svg Twemoji2 2712.svg Twemoji2 2764.svg Twemoji2 1f004.svg Twemoji2 1f21a.svg

Skin color

Five symbol modifier characters were added with Unicode 8.0 to provide a range of skin tones for human emoji. These modifiers are called EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-1-2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 (U+1F3FB–U+1F3FF): 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿. They are based on the Fitzpatrick scale for classifying human skin color. Human emoji that are not followed by one of these five modifiers should be displayed in a generic, non-realistic skin tone, such as bright yellow (■), blue (■), or gray (■). Non-human emoji (like U+26FD ⛽ FUEL PUMP) are unaffected by the Fitzpatrick modifiers. As of Unicode 13.0, Fitzpatrick modifiers can be used with 118 human emoji spread across six blocks: Dingbats, Emoticons, Miscellaneous Symbols, Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs, Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs, and Transport and Map Symbols.

The following table shows both the Unicode characters and the open-source «Twemoji» images, designed by Twitter :

Sample use of Fitzpatrick modifiers

Code point Default FITZ-1-2 FITZ-3 FITZ-4 FITZ-5 FITZ-6
U+1F9D2: Child Text 🧒 🧒🏻 🧒🏼 🧒🏽 🧒🏾 🧒🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f9d2.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3ff.svg
U+1F466: Boy Text 👦 👦🏻 👦🏼 👦🏽 👦🏾 👦🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f466.svg Twemoji2 1f466 -1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3ff.svg
U+1F467: Girl Text 👧 👧🏻 👧🏼 👧🏽 👧🏾 👧🏿
Image Twemoji 1f467.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3ff.s
U+1F9D1: Adult Text 🧑 🧑🏻 🧑🏼 🧑🏽 🧑🏾 🧑🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f9d1.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3ff.svg
U+1F468: Man Text 👨 👨🏻 👨🏼 👨🏽 👨🏾 👨🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f 468.svg Twemoji2 1f468 -1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3ff.svg
U+1F469: Woman Text 👩 👩🏻 👩🏼 👩🏽 👩🏾 👩🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f469.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fb.svg Twemoji3 1f469-1f.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3ff.svg

Joining

Behaviour of the ZWJ and ZWNJ format controls with various types of character, including emoji.

Implementations may use U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER (ZWJ) between emoji to make them behave like a single, unique emoji character. (Systems that don’t support this should ignore the ZWJ character.)

For example, the sequence U+1F468 MAN, U + 200D ZWJ, U + 1F469 WOMAN, U + 200D ZWJ, U + 1F467 GIRL (👨‍👩‍👧) могут отображаться как один смайлик, изображающий семью с мужчиной, женщиной и девушкой, если реализация поддерживает Это. Системы, которые его не поддерживают, игнорируют ZWJ, показывая базовые смайлы в следующей последовательности: U + 1F468 MAN, U + 1F469 WOMAN, U + 1F467 GIRL (👨👩👧).

Unicode ранее поддерживал каталог последовательностей эмодзи ZWJ, которые поддерживаются по крайней мере на одной общедоступной платформе. С тех пор консорциум переключился на только последовательности документов, рекомендованные для общего обмена (RGI).

Блоки Unicode

Unicode 13.0 представляет смайлики с использованием 1367 символов, распределенных по 24 блокам, из которых 26 Региональные символы индикаторов, которые объединяются попарно для формирования флаговых эмодзи, а 12 (#, * и 0–9) являются базовыми символами для клавиш последовательностей эмодзи:

637 из 768 кодовых точек в блоке Разные символы и пиктограммы считаются эмодзи. 240 из 254 кодовых точек в блоке дополнительных символов и пиктограмм считаются эмодзи. Все 57 кодовых точек в блоке Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A считаются эмодзи. Все 80 кодовых точек в блоке смайликов считаются смайликами. 101 из 114 кодовых точек в блоке Транспортные символы и символы карты считаются смайликами. 83 из 256 кодовых точек в блоке Прочие символы считаются эмодзи. 33 из 192 кодовых точек в блоке Дингбаты считаются смайликами.

Список эмодзи
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U + 00Ax ©️ ®️
U + 203x ‼️
U + 204x ⁉️
U + 212x ™️
U + 213x ℹ️
U + 219x ↔️ ↕️ ↖️ ↗️ ↘️ ↙️
U + 21Ax ↩️ ↪️
U + 231x ⌚️ ⌛️
U + 232x ⌨️
U + 23Cx ⏏️
U + 23Ex ⏩️ ⏪️ ⏫️ ⏬️ ⏭️ ⏮️ ⏯️
U + 23Fx ⏰️ ⏱️ ⏲️ ⏳️ ⏸️ ⏹️ ⏺️
U + 24Cx Ⓜ️
U + 25Ax ▪️ ▫️
U + 25Bx ▶️
U + 25Cx ◀️
U + 25Fx ◻️ ◼️ ◽️ ◾️
U + 260x ☀️ ☁️ ☂️ ☃️ ☄️ ☎️
U + 261x ☑️ ☔️ ☕️ ☘️ ☝️
U + 262x ☠️ ☢️ ☣️ ☦️ ☪️ ☮️ ☯️
U + 263x ☸️ ☹️ ☺️
U + 264x ♀️ ♂️ ♈️ ♉️ ♊️ ♋️ ♌️ ♍️ ♎️ ♏️
U + 265x ♐️ ♑️ ♒️ ♓️ ♟️
U + 266x ♠️ ♣️ ♥️ ♦️ ♨️
U + 267x ♻️ ♾️ ♿️
U + 269x ⚒️ ⚓️ ⚔️ ⚕️ ⚖️ ⚗️ ⚙️ ⚛️ ⚜️
U + 26Ax ⚠️ ⚡️ ⚧️ ⚪️ ⚫️
U + 26Bx ⚰️ ⚱️ ⚽️ ⚾️
U + 26Cx ⛄️ ⛅️ ⛈️ ⛎️ ⛏️
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U + 26Dx ⛑️ ⛓️ ⛔️
U + 26Ex ⛩️ ⛪️
U + 26Fx ⛰️ ⛱️ ⛲️ ⛳️ ⛴️ ⛵️ ⛷️ ⛸️ ⛹️ ⛺️ ⛽️
U + 270x ✂️ ✅️ ✈️ ✉️ ✊️ ✋️ ✌️ ✍️ ✏️
U + 271x ✒️ ✔️ ✖️ ✝️
U + 272x ✡️ ✨️
U + 273x ✳️ ✴️
U + 274x ❄️ ❇️ ❌️ ❎️
U + 275x ❓️ ❔️ ❕️ ❗️
U + 276x ❣️ ❤️
U + 279x ➕️ ➖️ ➗️
U + 27Ax ➡️
U + 27Bx ➰️ ➿️
U + 293x ⤴️ ⤵️
U + 2B0x ⬅️ ⬆️ ⬇️
U + 2B1x ⬛️ ⬜️
U + 2B5x ⭐️ ⭕️
U + 303x 〰️ 〽️
U + 329x ㊗️ ㊙️
U + 1F00x 🀄
U + 1F0Cx 🃏
U + 1F17x 🅰️ 🅱️ 🅾️ 🅿️
U + 1F18x 🆎
U + 1F19x 🆑 🆒 🆓 🆔 🆕 🆖 🆗 🆘 🆙 🆚
U + 1F20x 🈁 🈂️
U + 1F21x 🈚
U + 1F22x
U + 1F23x 🈲 🈳 🈴 🈵 🈶 🈷️ 🈸 🈹 🈺
U + 1F25x 🉐 🉑
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U + 1F30x 🌀 🌁 🌂 🌃 🌄 🌅 🌆 🌇 🌈 🌉 🌊 🌋 🌌 🌍 🌎 🌏
U + 1F31x 🌐 🌑 🌒 🌓 🌔 🌕 🌖 🌗 🌘 🌙 🌚 🌛 🌜 🌝 🌞 🌟
U + 1F32x 🌠 🌡️ 🌤️ 🌥️ 🌦️ 🌧️ 🌨️ 🌩️ 🌪️ 🌫️ 🌬️ 🌭 🌮 🌯
U + 1F33x 🌰 🌱 🌲 🌳 🌴 🌵 🌶️ 🌷 🌸 🌹 🌺 🌻 🌼 🌽 🌾 🌿
U + 1F34x 🍀 🍁 🍂 🍃 🍄 🍅 🍆 🍇 🍈 🍉 🍊 🍋 🍌 🍍 🍎 🍏
U + 1F35x 🍐 🍑 🍒 🍓 🍔 🍕 🍖 🍗 🍘 🍙 🍚 🍛 🍜 🍝 🍞 🍟
U + 1F36x 🍠 🍡 🍢 🍣 🍤 🍥 🍦 🍧 🍨 🍩 🍪 🍫 🍬 🍭 🍮 🍯
U + 1F37x 🍰 🍱 🍲 🍳 🍴 🍵 🍶 🍷 🍸 🍹 🍺 🍻 🍼 🍽️ 🍾 🍿
U + 1F38x 🎀 🎁 🎂 🎃 🎄 🎅 🎆 🎇 🎈 🎉 🎊 🎋 🎌 🎍 🎎 🎏
U + 1F39x 🎐 🎑 🎒 🎓 🎖️ 🎗️ 🎙️ 🎚️ 🎛️ 🎞️ 🎟️
U + 1F3A x 🎠 🎡 🎢 🎣 🎤 🎥 🎦 🎧 🎨 🎩 🎪 🎫 🎬 🎭 🎮 🎯
U + 1F3Bx 🎰 🎱 🎲 🎳 🎴 🎵 🎶 🎷 🎸 🎹 🎺 🎻 🎼 🎽 🎾 🎿
U + 1F3Cx 🏀 🏁 🏂 🏃 🏄 🏅 🏆 🏇 🏈 🏉 🏊 🏋️ 🏌️ 🏍️ 🏎️ 🏏
U + 1F3Dx 🏐 🏑 🏒 🏓 🏔️ 🏕️ 🏖️ 🏗️ 🏘️ 🏙️ 🏚️ 🏛️ 🏜️ 🏝️ 🏞️ 🏟️
U + 1F3Ex 🏠 🏡 🏢 🏣 🏤 🏥 🏦 🏧 🏨 🏩 🏪 🏫 🏬 🏭 🏮 🏯
U + 1F3Fx 🏰 🏳️ 🏴 🏵️ 🏷️ 🏸 🏹 🏺 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿
U + 1F40x 🐀 🐁 🐂 🐃 🐄 🐅 🐆 🐇 🐈 🐉 🐊 🐋 🐌 🐍 🐎 🐏
U + 1F41x 🐐 🐑 🐒 🐓 🐔 🐕 🐖 🐗 🐘 🐙 🐚 🐛 🐜 🐝 🐞 🐟
U + 1F42x 🐠 🐡 🐢 🐣 🐤 🐥 🐦 🐧 🐨 🐩 🐪 🐫 🐬 🐭 🐮 🐯
U + 1F43x 🐰 🐱 🐲 🐳 🐴 🐵 🐶 🐷 🐸 🐹 🐺 🐻 🐼 🐽 🐾 🐿️
U + 1F44x 👀 👁️ 👂 👃 👄 👅 👆 👇 👈 👉 👊 👋 👌 👍 👎 👏
U + 1F45x 👐 👑 👒 👓 👔 👕 👖 👗 👘 👙 👚 👛 👜 👝 👞 👟
U + 1F46x 👠 👡 👢 👣 👤 👥 👦 👧 👨 👩 👪 👫 👬 👭 👮 👯
U + 1F47x 👰 👱 👲 👳 👴 👵 👶 👷 👸 👹 👺 👻 👼 👽 👿
U + 1F48x 💀 💂 💃 💄 💅 💆 💇 💈 💉 💊 💋 💌 💍 💎 💏
U + 1F49x 💐 💑 💒 💓 💔 💕 💖 💗 💘 💙 💚 💛 💜 💝 💞 💟
U + 1F4Ax 💠 💡 💢 💣 💤 💥 💦 💧 💨 💩 💪 💫 💬 💭 💮 💯
U + 1F4Bx 💰 💱 💲 💳 💴 💵 💶 💷 💸 💹 💺 💻 💼 💽 💾 💿
U + 1F4Cx 📀 📁 📂 📃 📄 📅 📆 📇 📈 📉 📊 📋 📌 📍 📎 📏
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U + 1F4Dx 📐 📑 📒 📓 📔 📕 📖 📗 📘 📙 📚 📛 📜 📝 📞 📟
U + 1F4Ex 📠 📡 📢 📣 📤 📥 📦 📧 📨 📩 📪 📫 📬 📭 📮 📯
U + 1F4Fx 📰 📱 📲 📳 📴 📵 📶 📷 📸 📹 📺 📻 📼 📽️ 📿
U + 1F50x 🔀 🔁 🔂 🔃 🔄 🔅 🔆 🔇 🔈 🔉 🔊 🔋 🔌 🔍 🔎 🔏
U + 1F51x 🔐 🔑 🔒 🔓 🔔 🔕 🔖 🔗 🔘 🔙 🔚 🔛 🔜 🔝 🔞 🔟
U + 1F52x 🔠 🔡 🔢 🔣 🔤 🔥 🔦 🔧 🔨 🔩 🔪 🔫 🔬 🔭 🔮 🔯
U + 1F53x 🔰 🔱 🔲 🔳 🔴 🔵 🔶 🔷 🔸 🔹 🔺 🔻 🔼 🔽
U + 1F54x 🕉️ 🕊️ 🕋 🕌 🕍 🕎
U + 1F55x 🕐 🕑 🕒 🕓 🕔 🕕 🕖 🕗 🕘 🕙 🕚 🕛 🕜 🕝 🕞 🕟
U + 1F56x 🕠 🕡 🕢 🕣 🕤 🕥 🕦 🕧 🕯️
U + 1F57x 🕰️ 🕳️ 🕴️ 🕵️ 🕶️ 🕷️ 🕸️ 🕹️ 🕺
U + 1F58x 🖇️ 🖊️ 🖋️ 🖌️ 🖍️
U + 1F59x 🖐️ 🖕 🖖
U + 1F5Ax 🖤 🖥️ 🖨️
U + 1F5Bx 🖱️ 🖲️ 🖼️
U + 1F5Cx 🗂️ 🗃️ 🗄️
U + 1F5Dx 🗑️ 🗒️ 🗓️ 🗜️ 🗝️ 🗞️
U + 1F5Ex 🗡️ 🗣️ 🗨️ 🗯️
U + 1F5Fx 🗳️ 🗺️ 🗻 🗼 🗽 🗾 🗿
U + 1F60x 😀 😁 😂 😃 😄 😅 😆 😇 😈 😉 😊 😋 😌 😍 😎 😏
U + 1F61x 😐 😑 😒 😓 😔 😕 😖 😗 😘 😙 😚 😛 😜 😝 😞 😟
U + 1F62x 😠 😡 😢 😣 😤 😥 😦 😧 😨 😩 😪 😫 😬 😭 😮 😯
U + 1F63x 😰 😱 😲 😳 😴 😵 😶 😷 😸 😹 😺 😻 😼 😽 😾 😿
U + 1F64x 🙀 🙁 🙂 🙃 🙄 🙅 🙆 🙇 🙈 🙉 🙊 🙋 🙌 🙍 🙎 🙏
U + 1F68x 🚀 🚁 🚂 🚃 🚄 🚅 🚆 🚇 🚈 🚉 🚊 🚋 🚌 🚍 🚎 🚏
U + 1F69x 🚐 🚑 🚒 🚓 🚔 🚕 🚖 🚗 🚘 🚙 🚚 🚛 🚜 🚝 🚞 🚟
U + 1F6Ax 🚠 🚡 🚢 🚣 🚤 🚥 🚦 🚧 🚨 🚩 🚪 🚫 🚬 🚭 🚮 🚯
U + 1F6Bx 🚰 🚱 🚲 🚳 🚴 🚵 🚶 🚷 🚸 🚹 🚺 🚻 🚼 🚽 🚾 🚿
U + 1F6Cx 🛀 🛁 🛂 🛃 🛄 🛅 🛋️ 🛌 🛍️ 🛎️ 🛏️
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U + 1F6Dx 🛐 🛑 🛒 🛕 🛖 🛗
U + 1F6Ex 🛠️ 🛡️ 🛢️ 🛣️ 🛤️ 🛥️ 🛩️ 🛫 🛬
U + 1F6Fx 🛰️ 🛳️ 🛴 🛵 🛶 🛷 🛸 🛹 🛺 🛻 🛼
U + 1F7Ex 🟠 🟡 🟢 🟣 🟤 🟥 🟦 🟧 🟨 🟩 🟪 🟫
U + 1F90x 🤌 🤍 🤎 🤏
U + 1F91x 🤐 🤑 🤒 🤓 🤔 🤕 🤖 🤗 🤘 🤙 🤚 🤛 🤜 🤝 🤞 🤟
U + 1F92x 🤠 🤡 🤢 🤣 🤤 🤥 🤦 🤧 🤨 🤩 🤪 🤫 🤬 🤭 🤮 🤯
U + 1F93x 🤰 🤱 🤲 🤳 🤴 🤵 🤶 🤷 🤸 🤹 🤺 🤼 🤽 🤾 🤿
U + 1F94x 🥀 🥁 🥂 🥃 🥄 🥅 🥇 🥈 🥉 🥊 🥋 🥌 🥍 🥎 🥏
U + 1F95x 🥐 🥑 🥒 🥓 🥔 🥕 🥖 🥗 🥘 🥙 🥚 🥛 🥜 🥝 🥞 🥟
U + 1F96x 🥠 🥡 🥢 🥣 🥤 🥥 🥦 🥧 🥨 🥩 🥪 🥫 🥬 🥭 🥮 🥯
U + 1F97x 🥰 🥱 🥲 🥳 🥴 🥵 🥶 🥷 🥸 🥺 🥻 🥼 🥽 🥾 🥿
U + 1F98x 🦀 🦁 🦂 🦃 🦄 🦅 🦆 🦇 🦈 🦉 🦊 🦋 🦌 🦍 🦎 🦏
U + 1F99x 🦐 🦑 🦒 🦓 🦔 🦕 🦖 🦗 🦘 🦙 🦚 🦛 🦜 🦝 🦞 🦟
U + 1F9Ax 🦠 🦡 🦢 🦣 🦤 🦥 🦦 🦧 🦨 🦩 🦪 🦫 🦬 🦭 🦮 🦯
U + 1F9Bx 🦰 🦱 🦲 🦳 🦴 🦵 🦶 🦷 🦸 🦹 🦺 🦻 🦼 🦽 🦾 🦿
U + 1F9Cx 🧀 🧁 🧂 🧃 🧄 🧅 🧆 🧇 🧈 🧉 🧊 🧋 🧍 🧎 🧏
U + 1F9Dx 🧐 🧑 🧒 🧓 🧔 🧕 🧖 🧗 🧘 🧙 🧚 🧛 🧜 🧝 🧞 🧟
U + 1F9Ex 🧠 🧡 🧢 🧣 🧤 🧥 🧦 🧧 🧨 🧩 🧪 🧫 🧬 🧭 🧮 🧯
U + 1F9Fx 🧰 🧱 🧲 🧳 🧴 🧵 🧶 🧷 🧸 🧹 🧺 🧻 🧼 🧽 🧾 🧿
U + 1FA7x 🩰 🩱 🩲 🩳 🩴 🩸 🩹 🩺
U + 1FA8x 🪀 🪁 🪂 🪃 🪄 🪅 🪆
U + 1FA9x 🪐 🪑 🪒 🪓 🪔 🪕 🪖 🪗 🪘 🪙 🪚 🪛 🪜 🪝 🪞 🪟
U + 1FAAx 🪠 🪡 🪢 🪣 🪤 🪥 🪦 🪧 🪨
U + 1FABx 🪰 🪱 🪲 🪳 🪴 🪵 🪶
U + 1FACx 🫀 🫁 🫂
U + 1FADx 🫐 🫑 🫒 🫓 🫔 🫕 🫖
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
Примечания

1.^Начиная с версии Unicode 13.0
2.^Серые области указывают не смайлики или неназначенные кодовые точки
3.^»UTR № 51: Unicode Emoji «. Консорциум Unicode.
4.^«UCD: данные эмодзи для UTR №51». Консорциум Unicode. 28 января 2020 г.

Дополнительные эмодзи можно найти в следующих блоках Unicode: Стрелки (8 кодовых точек считаются эмодзи), Basic Latin (12), CJK Символы и знаки препинания (2), Дополнение к буквам и цифрам (41), Замкнутые буквенно-цифровые символы (1), Буквы и месяцы CJK (2), прилагаемое идеографическое приложение (15), Общая пунктуация (2), Геометрические формы (8), Расширенные геометрические формы (12), Приложение Latin-1 (2), Буквоподобные символы (2), Плитки маджонга (1), Разные символы и стрелки (7), Разное техническое (18), Игральные карты (1) и Дополнительные стрелки-B (2).

Дополнения

Некоторые поставщики, в первую очередь, Microsoft, Samsung и HTC, представляют представление эмодзи к некоторым другим существующим символам Unicode или их собственные собственные последовательности ZWJ.

Microsoft отображает все плитки маджонга (U + 1F000 ‥ 2B, а не только U + 1F004 🀄 MAHJONG TILE RED DRAGON) и альтернативные масти карт (U +2661 ♡, U + 2662 ♢, U + 2664 ♤, U + 2666 ♦) как смайлики. Они также дополнительные карандаши (U + 270E ✎, U + 2710 ✐) и пулю в форме сердца (U + 2765 ❥).

Хотя только U + 261D ☝ официально является эмодзи, Microsoft и Samsung также добавляют три других направления (U + 261C ☜, U + 261E ☞, U + 261F ☟). Оба поставщика сочетают стандартный смайлик для избирательной урны с галочкой U + 2611 ☑ с его скрещенным избирательным U + 2612 ☒, но только у Samsung есть пустая урна для голосования U + 2610 ☐.

Samsung почти полностью покрывает остальную часть блока Разные символы (U + 2600 ‥ FF) в виде эмодзи, который включает в себя шахматные фигуры, лица игровых кубиков, некоторые дорожные знаки, а также генеалогические и астрономические символы для пример.

HTC другие дополнительные пиктограммы из блоков Разные символы и пиктограммы (U + 1F300 ‥ 5FF) и Транспортные символы и символы карты (U + 1F680 ‥ FF). Некоторые из них также содержат как смайлы на устройства Samsung.

Проекты с открытым исходным кодом Emojidex и Emojitwo пытаются охватить все эти расширения, предлагаемого поставщиками.

Реализация

Точный внешний вид смайликов не предписан, но различается для разных шрифтов, так же, как обычные гарнитуры могут отображать буквы-разному. Например, шрифт Apple Color Emoji только на устройствах Apple (без дополнительного взлома ). Различные компьютерные компании разработали свои собственные шрифты для отображения эмодзи, некоторые из которых были открыты кодом с открытым кодом, чтобы их можно было повторно использовать. Существуют как цветные, так и монохромные шрифты эмодзи, а также как минимум один анимированный дизайн.

Технические аспекты

Поддержка дополнительной многоязычной плоскости

Большинство, но не все, смайлики включены в дальней многоязычной плоскости (SMP) Unicode. SMP также включает, например, древние шрифты, такие как египетские иероглифы, скрипты меньшинств, такие как Osage, и специальные символы, такие как математические буквенно-цифровые символы.

Unicode был изначально предоставлен как 16-битная кодировка, которая могла быть представлена ​​в чистой 16-битной форме, известной как UCS-2. Это соответствует типовой многоязычной плоскости (BMP) универсального набора кодированных символов . В Unicode 2.0 это было расширено до 17 плоскостей (пронумерованных от 0 до 16, где BMP — это плоскость 0), первые символы, отличные от BMP, были выделены в Unicode 3.1. UCS-2 теперь устаревшим и не рекомендуется в пользу UTF-16, кодировки стандартных, которая следует за UCS-2 для BMP, но расширяет ее четырехбайтовыми кодами, представляющими символы в формате BMP. Символы не-BMP (в SMP и других дополнительных плоскостях, таких как Дополнительная идеографическая плоскость ) теперь исчисляются десятками тысяч.

Некоторые системы, представленные до появления Unicode-эмодзи были разработаны только для поддержки символов в BMP, исходя из предположения, что символы, отличные от BMP, будут редко встречаться, хотя неправильная обработка символов вне BMP препятствует совместимости с Unicode. Например, более ранние версии MySQL поддерживали UCS-2 и вариант UTF-8, за исключением четырехбайтовых кодов, поэтому некорректно обрабатывали символы, отличные от BMP.. Поддержка UTF-32 и полная поддержка UTF-16 и UTF-8 (под именем utf8mb4) была добавлена ​​в версию 5.5 с utf8сохранен в псевдонима для версии размером до трех байтов, обязательством, что он будет изменен в будущем.

Введение смайликов Unicode, созданное для стимул для улучшения своей поддержки для символов, отличных от BMP. Консорциум Unicode отмечает, что «[b] из-за спроса на эмодзи, самую реализацию обновили поддержку Unicode».

Поддержка формата шрифта

Любая операционная система, поддерживающая добавление дополнительных шрифтов в систему может добавить шрифт, поддерживающий эмодзи. Однако включение дополнительных форматов шрифтов требует специальной поддержки цветных глифов. Не все операционные системы цветные шрифты, поэтому в этих случаях смайлы, возможно, придется отображать как черно-белые штриховые рисунки или вообще не отображать. Существует четыре различных формата, используемых для многоцветных глифов в шрифте SFNT. OpenType версии 1.8 стандартизирует все четыре.

  • CBDT— многоцветный растровый формат, использующий необработанные растровые данные или встроенные данные PNG. Для хранения информации о формате изображения требуется вспомогательная таблица CBLC, поэтому этот формат иногда называют CBDT / CBLC.
  • COLR— многоцветный вектор с использованием нескольких одноцветных глифов OpenType (TrueType или CFF ). Некоторому количеству глифов назначаются индивидуальные цвета блоки и слои, и они связаны санным одноцветным базовым глифом. Когда символ отображается как многоцветный, вместо основного глифа предоставляется многослойные глифы. На цвета выбираются из палитры, которая определяется в отдельной таблице CPAL, и этот формат иногда называют «COLR / CPAL».
  • sbix— это многоцветный растровый формат с использованием встроенных изображений JPEG, PNG или TIFF. Включение многоцветных растровых или векторных глифов во встроенных файлах PDF также разрешено спецификацией Apple Advanced Typography, но без спецификации OpenType, и планируется для будущих выпусков iOS и macOS.
  • SVG-in-OpenType (или OpenType-SVG) — это многоцветный графический формат (с поддержкой встроенных растров), использующий встроенные изображения SVG. Он также требует включения одноцветного глифа TrueType или CFF в качестве запасного варианта. Основанный на SVG, он включает поддержку цветовых градиентов . Шрифт OpenType-SVG может использовать палитру CPAL, аналогично COLR; однако это не требуется.

Формат COLRбыл введен Microsoft в Windows 8.1. Формат CBDTпредставлен представлен Google и представлен на Android, в то время как конкурирующий формат sbixпредставлен Apple и поддерживается в macOS и iOS. SVG-in-OpenType был разработан Mozilla и Adobe в качестве отраслевого стандарта.

Некоторая поддержка SVG-in-OpenType была добавлена ​​в более новые обновления Windows 10 и более новые версии iOS и macOS. DirectWrite поддерживает все четыре, начиная с юбилейного обновления Windows 10; однако Windows поддерживает только подмножество SVG-in-OpenType. В Интернете SVG-in-OpenType поддерживается последними версиями Firefox, Safari и Microsoft Edge, но не Google Chrome <470.>; Edge и Safari также включает sbix, тогда как Edge и Chrome CBDT, и все четыре пакета COLR.

. Это означает, что цветные шрифты могут потребоваться в нескольких форматах для использования в нескольких системах или в нескольких приложениях.

Интернационализированные доменные имена

Ограниченное количество доменов верхнего уровня позволяет регистрировать доменные имена, содержащие символы эмодзи. Поддомены, содержащие эмодзи, также возможны в любом домене верхнего уровня.

Поставщики и платформы

Google (Android и Chrome OS)

Проект Google Noto fonts включает шрифт Noto Color Emoji, который предоставляет цветные глифы для символов эмодзи. Chrome OS, благодаря включению шрифтов Noto, поддерживает набор эмодзи, представленный через Unicode 6.2. Начиная с Chrome OS 41, Noto Color Emoji является шрифтом по умолчанию для многих смайлов.

Устройства Android подсказка эмодзи по-разному в зависимости от версии операционной системы. Google добавил встроенную поддержку эмодзи в Android в июле 2013 года с Android 4.3 и в клавиатуру Google в ноябре 2013 года для устройств под управлением Android 4.4 и более поздних версий. В Android 7.0 Nougat добавлены эмодзи Unicode 9, модификаторы тона кожи и переработка многих эмодзи.

Emoji также добавлено приложение Google Hangouts (независимо от используемой клавиатуры), в режиме Hangouts и SMS. Некоторые сторонние приложения для обмена сообщениями и клавиатуру (например, IQQI Keyboard) для устройств Android использовать плагины, позволяющие использовать смайлы. Некоторые приложения, например WhatsApp, со смайликами Apple для внутреннего использования. В Android 8 (Oreo) компания Google добавила библиотеку совместимости, которая, если она поддерживает разработчиками приложений, делает последние эмодзи Noto доступными на любой платформе, начиная с Android 4.3.

Стандартные системы Android включают глифы Noto для символов эмодзи, хотя отдельные приложения для социальных сетей могут использовать эти собственные собственные глифы. Тем не менее, производители мобильных телефонов HTC и LG развернули варианты NotoColorEmoji.ttf с настраиваемыми глифами до 2017 года, а Samsung по-прежнему делает это. Некоторые японские операторы мобильной связи использовали для оснащения фирменных устройств Android смайликов, которые были ближе к оригинальным, но, по-видимому, прекратили обновлять их примерно в 2015 году.

Apple

Apple впервые представила смайлики на своих компьютерах. операционной системы с выпуском OS X 10.7 Lion в 2011 году. Пользователи могут просматривать символы эмодзи, отправленные через приложения электронной почты и обмена сообщениями, которые используются мобильными пользователями, а также другое приложение. Пользователи могут создавать символы эмодзи с помощью специальной панели ввода «Персонажи» практически из любого собственного приложения, выбрав меню «Правка» и выбрав «Специальные символы», или с помощью комбинации клавиш ⌘ Команда+ ⌥ Вариант+T. ОС для настольных ПК использует шрифт Apple Color Emoji, который был представлен ранее в iOS. Это предоставляет пользователям полноцветные пиктограммы.

Клавиатура эмодзи впервые доступна в Японии с выпуском iPhone OS версии 2.2 в 2008 году. Клавиатура эмодзи официально не доступна за пределами Японии до версии iOS 5.0. Начиная с iPhone OS 2.2 и заканчивая iOS 4.3.5 (2011 г.), те, кто находится за пределами Японии, могут использовать стороннее приложение для ее включения. Первое из таких приложений было разработано Джошем Гэром ; Эмодзи, которые начали принимать популярную культуру за пределами Японии, были приписаны этим приложениям. iOS была обновлена ​​для поддержки модификаторов тона кожи Фитцпатрика с версией 8.3.

OS X 10.9 Mavericks представила специальный палитру ввода эмодзи в большинстве текстовых полей ввода с использованием комбинаций клавиш ⌘ Команда+ Ctrl+ Пробел.

Apple показала, что «лицо со слезами радости» — самый популярный смайлик среди русскоязычных американцев. На втором месте смайлик «сердце», за которым следует «Громко плачущее лицо».

17 июля 2018 г., в рамках Всемирного дня смайликов, Apple заявила, что добавлено 70 больше смайликов в обновлении iOS 2018 года, включая долгожданные, рыжие, белые, вьющиеся и лысые смайлы.

12 сентября 2017 г. Apple объявила, что Сообщения в приложении iPhone с Face ID получат «анимодзи», которые являются версиями стандартных смайлов, которые анимированы с использованием движения лица . захватить, чтобы отразить выражения отправителя. Эти анимодзи также могут использовать синхронизацию, чтобы произносить губные звуковые сообщения, записанные отправителем. Apple создала 3D-модели всех стандартных эмодзи своих обновлений ОС в конце 2016 года, из которых была отрисована статическая 2D-графика по умолчанию. Выбранный набор повторно используется для динамического моделирования неподвижных изображений и коротких анимаций.

С выпуском iOS 13 Apple представила «мемодзи», который позволяет использовать аватар, который пользователь может использовать для персонализации сообщений; для этой функции не требуется Face ID.

Linux

Ubuntu 18.04 и Fedora 28 по умолчанию стандартные цветные эмодзи, используя Noto Color Emoji. Некоторые дистрибутивы Linux требуют установки дополнительных шрифтов. Цветные эмодзи поддерживаются FreeType и Cairo.

Microsoft Windows

. Обновление для Windows 7 и Windows Server 2008 R2 принесло подмножество монохромных Юникод, установленный для этих операционных систем как часть шрифта Segoe UI Symbol. Начиная с Windows 8.1 Preview, включен шрифт Segoe UI Emoji, который предоставляет полноцветные пиктограммы. В простом шрифте Segoe UI отсутствуют символы эмодзи, как в Segoe UI Symbol и Segoe UI Emoji они есть.

Доступ к символам эмодзи осуществляется с помощью клавиш «смайлик» на экранной клавиатуре.

В отличие от macOS и iOS, цветные глифы только в том случае, если приложение поддерживает Microsoft DirectWrite API и явно объявляется Segoe UI Emoji, в случае исчезновения появляются монохромные глифы. Формат Microsoft COLR / CPAL для многоцветных шрифтов, таких как Segoe UI Emoji, поддерживается текущими версиями нескольких веб-браузеров в Windows (включая Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer и Microsoft Edge ), но не во многих графических приложениях.

Юбилейное обновление Windows 10 добавило эмодзи Unicode 9.

Платформы социальных сетей

Facebook и Twitter заменяют все смайлы Unicode, используемые на своих веб-сайтах, собственной персонализированной графикой.

До октября 2017 года у Facebook были разные наборы для основного сайта и для своей службы Messenger, где только первый обеспечивает полное покрытие. Messenger теперь использует смайлики Apple на iOS, а основной Facebook установлен в другом месте. Реакции Facebook только частично совместимы со стандартными смайликами.

Twitter выпустил Twemoji, который представляет их графику смайликов вместе с Библиотекой JavaScript для их обработки под лицензией Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 и лицензией MIT с открытым исходным кодом соответственно. Несмотря на это, приложения Twitter для Android и iOS используют графику эмодзи, которая является родной для платформы, на которой они работают (Apple и Google), вместо графики Twemoji.

Другие поставщики шрифтов эмодзи

логотип EmojiOne 2.2 на билете emoji

EmojiOne версии 2.2, шрифт с открытым исходным кодом, доступный по лицензии на бесплатный контент, поддерживает полный набор смайликов в цвете через Unicode Emoji 3.0, то есть Unicode 9.0. Новые версии EmojiOne, переименованные в JoyPixels, поддерживают более свежие версии Unicode Emoji и используют более строгую лицензию, запрещающую распространение векторных изображений, а версия 2.x «больше не поддерживается и не распространяется». EmojiTwo, форк EmojiOne 2.2 с открытым исходным кодом, нацелен на добавление всех эмодзи с 2017 года и более поздних версий.

В рамках прекращенного в настоящее время проекта Firefox OS Mozilla разработала шрифт эмодзи под названием FxEmojis. Mozilla также содержит версию шрифта Twitter Twemoji, преобразованную в шрифт многоуровневого формата COLR / CPAL, под названием «Twemoji Mozilla». В более старых версиях последнего проекта Mozilla шрифт EmojiOne был упакован как «EmojiOne Mozilla».

Шрифт Symbola содержит все смайлики до версии 10.0 в виде обычных монохромных глифов. До версии 10 Symbola был шрифтом общественного достояния ; Начиная с версии 11 в 2018 году, Symbola была защищена авторским правом с запретом на коммерческое использование и производные работы. Другие гарнитуры, включающие значительное количество символов эмодзи, включают Noto Emoji, Adobe Source Emoji и Quivira.

В популярной культуре

  • В фильме 2009 года Moon изображен робот по имени GERTY, который общается с помощью синтезированного голоса нейтрального тона вместе с экраном, на котором отображаются смайлики, представляющие соответствующий эмоциональный контент.
  • В 2014 году Библиотека Конгресса приобрела версию смайликов Моби Дик Германа Мелвилла, созданный Фредом Бененсоном.
  • Премьера мюзикла под названием Emojiland состоялась в Rockwell Table Stage в Лос-Анджелесе в мае 2016 года после того, как избранные песни были представлены на то же место в 2015 году.
  • В октябре 2016 года Музей современного искусства приобрел оригинальную коллекцию эмодзи, распространенную NTT Docomo в 1999 году.
  • В ноябре 2016 года первый съезд на тему эмодзи, Emojicon, прошел в Сан-Франциско.
  • В марте 2017 года вышел первый эпизод пятого сезона Samura Я Джек показал инопланетных персонажей, которые общаются с помощью эмодзи.
  • В апреле 2017 года в эпизоде ​​Доктора Кто «Улыбка » были показаны наноботы по имени Варди, которые общаются через аватары роботов, которые используют смайлики (без сопроводительной речи) и иногда называются путешественниками во времени «смайликами».
  • 28 июля 2017 г. Sony Pictures Animation выпустила The Emoji Movie, трехмерный компьютерный анимационный фильм с участием Патрика Стюарта, Кристины Агилеры, Софии Вергары, Анны Фарис, Т. Дж. Миллер и другие известные актеры и комики.

См. Также

  • Пиктограмма
  • Emojipedia
  • iConji
  • Kaomoji
  • Emojli
  • Hieroglyphics
  • Blob emoji

Примечания

Ссылки

Внешние ссылки

  • Технический отчет Unicode # 51: Unicode emoji
  • The Unicode FAQ — Emoji Dingbats
  • Emoji Symbols — исходные предложения для кодирования символов Emoji как символов Unicode
  • Фоновые данные для предложения Unicode
  • emojitracker — список наиболее часто используемых эмодзи на платформе Twitter; обновляется в реальном времени
Источник

Если затрудняетесь, как писать, «эмодзи» или «эмоджи», то необходимо вспомнить традиционность произношения и написания в русском языке слов иностранного происхождения. Давайте вместе проанализируем, как писать и произносить это слово по-русски.

Как правильно пишется

В соответствии с традиционностью русской орфографии, правильно это слово пишется так – эмодзи.

Какое правило применяется

Слово «эмодзи», в общем понимании – картинки, пиктограммы, смайлы, появилось в русском языке из английского, куда в свою очередь попало из японского. В русском языке японские и китайские слова, оканчивающиеся на «-дза/-дзе/-дзи/-дзэ/-дзю/-дзя», традиционно произносятся и пишутся через «з»: якудза, камикадзе, дзэн, дзюдо, ниндзя. Поэтому, в соответствии с традицией, вышеупомянутое слово правильнее писать с буквой «з» – «эмодзи».

Примеры предложений

  • Письмо её – сплошь эмодзи: сердечки и поцелуи.
  • Эмоции были выражены не словами, а эмодзи.

Проверь себя: «Кашерный» или «кошерный» как пишется?

Как неправильно писать

Неправильно писать по-русски слово с буквой «ж» – эмоджи.

( 3 оценки, среднее 5 из 5 )

«Эмодзи» или «эмоджи»

Если вы все еще сомневаетесь, как пишется слово «Эмодзи» или «эмоджи»
, то знайте — правильное написание слова:

В соответствии с традиционностью русской орфографии, правильно это слово пишется так – эмодзи.

Для того, чтобы определиться, как пишется: «эмодзи» или «эмоджи«, сначала следует установить происхождение этого слова.

«Эмодзи» ― своего рода язык идеограмм и смайликов. Слово позаимствовано из английского языка, куда оно пришло из Японии. В соответствии с правилами русского языка японские слова, которые оканчиваются на «-дза«, «-дзе«, «-дзи«, «-дзе«, «-дзю«, «-дзя«, следует говорить и писать через согласную «з«. Поэтому и слово «эмодзи» нужно писать через «з«.

Примеры предложений, в которых используется слово эмодзи:

Финская коллекция игровых эмодзи представлена 56 видами эмоций.

17 июля отмечается Всемирный день эмодзи.

Данные о топе эмодзи в мире помогут людям разрабатывающих смайлики.

Как пишется слово эмодзи на английском

Слова «эмодзи» или «эмоджи» не так давно стали активно употребляться в русском языке. Именно поэтому возникает вопрос: эти лексемы пишутся с согласной буквой «з» или «ж»? Рассмотрим происхождение существительного, чтобы писать это слово без ошибок

Как правильно пишется?

Правильно писать данное существительное с буквосочетанием «дз» – «эмодзи».

Какое правило применяется?

«Эмодзи» – это неодушевлённое существительное, которое употребляется в значении «язык идеограмм и смайликов, который используется в электронных сообщениях; сами пиктограммы». Эта лексическая единица пришла в русский язык из английского. Однако в английский язык рассматриваемое слово перешло из японского. В соответствии с нормой японские слова, которые оканчиваются на «дза», «дзе», «дзи», «дзе», «дзю», «дзя», нужно произносить и писать через согласную букву «з». Значит, слово «эмодзи» также правильно писать через «з».

Отметим, что ударение в этой лексеме падает на гласную «о» – «эмо́дзи».

Примеры предложений

  • Девушка создала персональные эмодзи для своих коллег.
  • Самые популярные эмодзи в моей переписке – это сердечко и поднятый вверх большой палец.

Как неправильно писать

Написание существительного через согласную букву «ж» не соответствует норме – «эмоджи».

2017-10-15

Японский термин 絵文字 означает картинка-символ, но также оно напоминает европейское слово «эмоция».

Как же оно читается? [эмодзи], как часто пишут по-русски или [эмоджи] — emoji, как принято в английском?

Международная транскрипция [emodʑi] указывает, что это и не [dz], и не [d͡ʒ], а третий вариант — японский — .

Но в том-то и дело, что заимствованные слова, если они принимают русское написание, то должны принять и русское произношение. И, скорее всего, это будет «Эмодзи», ибо такова традиция.

Японский звук dʑ обычно передаётся на русский буквой З, а на английский — J.

Рассмотрим другие подобные слова:

  • ふじさん Fuji — Фудзи. Русскими буквами «Фуджи» ассоциируется с сортом яблок, стилем музыки и фотоплёнкой. 
  • じゅうどう — Judo — Дзюдо 
  • にんじゃ- Ниндзя — Ninja 
  • かみかぜ — Камикадзе — Kamikaze, без ‘Д’. 
  • ひろしま — Хиросима — Hiroshima 
  • ほんしゅう — Хонсю — Honshu 
  • すし — суши (иногда «суси», варианту с «ш» мы обязаны приёму слова из английского) — sushi 
  • ピカチュウ Пикатю (надо бы, но «Пикачу» — по той же причине) — Pikаchu 
  • ぜん — Дзэн/Дзен — Zen [см. также http://intensiv.ru/blog/blog_1/394.php?sphrase_id=76870]
  • 三菱グループ — Мицубиси -Mitsubishi 
  • ぶしどう — Бусидо — Bushido 

Поэтому неверно спрашивать «как правильно», корректнее спросить «как традиционнее». 

Вот список японских слогов ( хирагана/ катакана ) и как они традиционно звучат в русском (система Поливанова) и английском (система Хепбёрна).

あ / ア а a
い / イ и i
う / ウ у u
え / エ э e
お / オ о o
や / ヤ я ya
ゆ / ユ ю yu
よ / ヨ ё yo
か / カ ка ka
き / キ ки ki
く / ク ку ku
け / ケ кэ ke
こ/ コ ко ko
きゃ / キャ кя kya
きゅ / キュ кю kyu
きょ / キョ кё kyo
さ / サ са
し / シ си shi
す / ス су su
せ / セ сэ se
そ / ソ со so
しゃ / シャ ся sha
しゅ / シュ сю shu
しょ / ショ сё sho
た / タ та ta
ち / チ ти chi
つ / ツ цу tsu
て / テ тэ te
と / ト то to
ちゃ / チャ тя cha
ちゅ / チュ тю chu
ちょ / チョ тё cho
Н な / ナ на na
に / ニ ни ni
ぬ / ヌ ну nu
ね / ネ нэ ne
の / ノ но no
にゃ / ニャ ня nya
[см. также http://intensiv.ru/blog/blog_1/194.php?sphrase_id=76867]
にゅ / ニュ ню nyu
にょ / ニョ нё nyo
Х は / ハ ха ha
ひ / ヒ хи hi
ふ / フ фу fu
へ / ヘ хэ he
ほ / ホ хо ho
ひゃ / ヒャ хя hya
ひゅ / ヒュ хю hyu
ひょ / ヒョ хё hyo
ま / マ ма ma
み / ミ ми mi
む / ム му mu
め / メ мэ me
も / モ мо mo
みゃ / ミャ мя mya
みゅ / ミュ мю myu
みょ / ミョ мё myo
Р ら / ラ ра ra
り / リ ри ri
る / ル ру ru
れ / レ рэ re
ろ / ロ ро ro
りゃ / リャ ря rya
りゅ / リュ рю ryu
りょ / リョ рё ryo
わ / ワ ва wa
を / ヲ о wo
ん / ン н n
が / ガ га ga
ぎ / ギ ги gi
ぐ / グ гу gu
げ / ゲ гэ ge
ご / ゴ го go
ぎゃ / ギャ гя gya
ぎゅ / ギュ гю gyu
ぎょ / ギョ гё gyo
ざ / ザ дза za
じ / ジ дзи ji
ず / ズ дзу zu
ぜ / ゼ дзэ ze
ぞ / ゾ дзо zo
じゃ / ジャ дзя ja
じゅ / ジュ дзю ju
じょ / ジョ дзё jo
だ / ダ да da
ぢ / ヂ дзи ji
づ / ヅ дзу zu
で / デ дэ de
ど / ド до do
ぢゃ / ヂャ дзя ja
ぢゅ / ヂュ дзю ju
ぢょ / ヂョ дзё jo
ば / バ ба ba
び / ビ би bi
ぶ / ブ бу bu
べ / ベ бэ be
ぼ / ボ бо bo
びゃ / ビャ бя bya
びゅ / ビュ бю byu
びょ / ビョ бё byo
ぱ / パ па pa
ぴ / ピ пи pi
ぷ / プ пу pu
ぺ / ペ пэ pe
ぽ / ポ по po
ぴゃ / ピャ пя pya
ぴゅ / ピュ пю pyu
ぴょ / ピョ пё pyo

Источник

«Эмодзи» или «эмоджи»: как пишется?

Слова «эмодзи» или «эмоджи» не так давно стали активно употребляться в русском языке. Именно поэтому возникает вопрос: эти лексемы пишутся с согласной буквой «з» или «ж»? Рассмотрим происхождение существительного, чтобы писать это слово без ошибок

Как правильно пишется?

Правильно писать данное существительное с буквосочетанием «дз» – «эмодзи».

Какое правило применяется?

«Эмодзи» – это неодушевлённое существительное, которое употребляется в значении «язык идеограмм и смайликов, который используется в электронных сообщениях; сами пиктограммы». Эта лексическая единица пришла в русский язык из английского. Однако в английский язык рассматриваемое слово перешло из японского. В соответствии с нормой японские слова, которые оканчиваются на «дза», «дзе», «дзи», «дзе», «дзю», «дзя», нужно произносить и писать через согласную букву «з». Значит, слово «эмодзи» также правильно писать через «з».

Отметим, что ударение в этой лексеме падает на гласную «о» – «эмо́дзи».

Примеры предложений

  • Девушка создала персональные эмодзи для своих коллег.
  • Самые популярные эмодзи в моей переписке – это сердечко и поднятый вверх большой палец.

Как неправильно писать

Написание существительного через согласную букву «ж» не соответствует норме – «эмоджи».

«Эмодзи» или «эмоджи» как пишется?

Если затрудняетесь, как писать, «эмодзи» или «эмоджи», то необходимо вспомнить традиционность произношения и написания в русском языке слов иностранного происхождения. Давайте вместе проанализируем, как писать и произносить это слово по-русски.

Как правильно пишется

В соответствии с традиционностью русской орфографии, правильно это слово пишется так – эмодзи.

Какое правило применяется

Слово «эмодзи», в общем понимании – картинки, пиктограммы, смайлы, появилось в русском языке из английского, куда в свою очередь попало из японского. В русском языке японские и китайские слова, оканчивающиеся на «-дза/-дзе/-дзи/-дзэ/-дзю/-дзя», традиционно произносятся и пишутся через «з»: якудза, камикадзе, дзэн, дзюдо, ниндзя. Поэтому, в соответствии с традицией, вышеупомянутое слово правильнее писать с буквой «з» – «эмодзи».

Примеры предложений

  • Письмо её – сплошь эмодзи: сердечки и поцелуи.
  • Эмоции были выражены не словами, а эмодзи.

Как неправильно писать

Неправильно писать по-русски слово с буквой «ж» – эмоджи.

Поиск ответа

Всего найдено: 3

Добрый день, уважаемая грамота. Подскажите, пожалуйста, как поступать, если перед перечнем стоит точка, а не двоеточие, сам перечень обозначен с помощью эмодзи / значков, а пункты перечня простые? Следует ли первый пункт перечня писать с большой буквы? То есть примерно так: «Мы проводим классный конкурс. — пункт 1, — пункт 2, — пункт 3.» Ставить двоеточие перед перечнем нельзя, менять обозначение пунктов на цифру / букву с точкой тоже (так требует клиент), можно «работать» только с заглавной и знаками в конце перечней. Как в таком случае лучше поступить? Спасибо!

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

На наш взгляд, каждый пункт лучше оформить как самостоятельное предложение.

Какого рода слово » эмодзи » (или «эмоджи»). Не в значении языка, а в значении одного конкретного символа. (Вы получили новый эмодзи .)

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Употребление существительного эмодзи в м.р. корректно.

Как правильно, эмодзи или эмоджи?

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

источники:

http://kakpishem.ru/pishem-pravilno-slova/emodzi-ili-emodzhi.html

http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer/?s=%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8

Источник


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «эмоджи» на английский


Показано, как использование эмоджи влияет на восприятие различного рода информации.



It shows how the use of emoji affects the perception of various kinds of information.


Выявлена зависимость между использованием эмоджи в сообщениях и степенью привлекаемого ими внимания.



The dependence was revealed between the use of emoji in messages and the degree of attracted attention.


Не рекомендуется использовать только эмоджи самостоятельно без текста.



It is not a good idea to use just emojis on their own with no text.


Это как будто прокручивать эмоджи на моем телефоне.



It’s like scrolling through the emojis on my phone.


Наибольший отклик получили посты, не содержащие эмоджи.



The greatest response was given to the posts that did not contain emoji.


Это эмоджи, или в простонародье смайлики, развлекаются.



This emoji, or in the common people smiley, have fun.


Дети могут самостоятпельно программировать этого робота, используя эмоджи.



Kids can program this robot, named Coji, by using emojis.


Ввиду широкого применения, некоторые символы языка эмоджи были включены в Юникод.



Due to its wide use, some emoji language symbols have been included in Unicode.


Язык смайликов и идеограмм называется эмоджи (эмодзи, emoji).



The language of emoticons and ideograms is called emoji.


Дело в том, что в 2018 году этот эмоджи был заменен на водяной пистолет.



The thing is, in 2018, this emoji was replaced with a water pistol.


Также в конце поздравления мужчина поставил «эмоджи» красного сердца, после которого написал слово «you».



Also late congratulations man put the «Emoji» red heart, after which he wrote the word «you».


Люблю, когда ты прибегаешь к эмоджи.



I love it when you speak emoji.


А затем они сделают снэп эмоджи.



And then they do this snap emoji.


Написали вы, например, «очень рад», а клавиатура предлагает заменить это соответствующим эмоджи.



You wrote, for example, «very happy», and the keyboard offers to replace it with the appropriate Emoji.


В ближайших планах — добавление видеозвонка, красивых эмоджи, внутренних групп для компаний.



In the nearest plans — adding video call, beautiful Emoji, internal teams for companies.


Однако обогащенные push-уведомления, которые содержат эмоджи, открываются существенно чаще — в 4.51% случаев.



On the other hand, rich push notifications that contain emojis have a much higher open rate at 4.51%.


Кроме того, пользователи могут анимировать эмоджи, которые остаются анимированными даже при размещении в других социальных сетях.



Also, users can animate emojis which stay animated even when posted to other social media.


Все это, по моему мнению, сделало эмоджи успешными, а так же нашу дружбу.



All this is what I believe made the emoji successful, our friendship through design.


По задумке, в каждом телефоне существует свой мир, где живут и работают эмоджи.



There is a world within your phone where emoji’s live and work.


Иногда наши эмоджи оказывались более смешными, чем предполагалось, а у некоторых даже была предыстория.



Sometimes our emoji turned out more comical than intended and some have a backstory.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 108. Точных совпадений: 108. Затраченное время: 99 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Источник

Слова «эмодзи» или «эмоджи» не так давно стали активно употребляться в русском языке. Именно поэтому возникает вопрос: эти лексемы пишутся с согласной буквой «з» или «ж»? Рассмотрим происхождение существительного, чтобы писать это слово без ошибок

Читайте в статье

  • Как правильно пишется?
  • Какое правило применяется?
    • Примеры предложений
  • Как неправильно писать

Как правильно пишется?

Правильно писать данное существительное с буквосочетанием «дз» – «эмодзи».

Какое правило применяется?

«Эмодзи» – это неодушевлённое существительное, которое употребляется в значении «язык идеограмм и смайликов, который используется в электронных сообщениях; сами пиктограммы». Эта лексическая единица пришла в русский язык из английского. Однако в английский язык рассматриваемое слово перешло из японского. В соответствии с нормой японские слова, которые оканчиваются на «дза», «дзе», «дзи», «дзе», «дзю», «дзя», нужно произносить и писать через согласную букву «з». Значит, слово «эмодзи» также правильно писать через «з».

Отметим, что ударение в этой лексеме падает на гласную «о» – «эмо́дзи».

Примеры предложений

  • Девушка создала персональные эмодзи для своих коллег.
  • Самые популярные эмодзи в моей переписке – это сердечко и поднятый вверх большой палец.

Как неправильно писать

Написание существительного через согласную букву «ж» не соответствует норме – «эмоджи».

Источник

эмоджи — перевод на английский

emoji

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эмоджи — emoji

Ты можешь показывать мне, как отправлять эмоджи и все такое.

You can show me how to emoji things and stuff.

Используешь эмоджи — и я врежу тебе по сиське.

And if you use an emoji, I will fucking tit-punch you.

Эмоджи?

An emoji?

А затем они сделают снэп эмоджи.

And then they do this snap emoji.

Есть только четыре эмоджи, которые похожи на член.

There’s only four emojis that look like penises.

Показать ещё примеры для «emoji»…

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The «Grinning Face» emoji, from the Twemoji set

An emoji ( i-MOH-jee; plural emoji or emojis[1]) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation.[2] Examples of emoji are 😂, 😃, 🧘🏻‍♂️, 🌍, 🌦️, 🥖, 🚗, 📱, 🎉, ❤️, ✅, and 🏁. Emoji exist in various genres, including facial expressions, common objects, places and types of weather, and animals. They are much like emoticons, except emoji are pictures rather than typographic approximations; the term «emoji» in the strict sense refers to such pictures which can be represented as encoded characters, but it is sometimes applied to messaging stickers by extension.[3] Originally meaning pictograph, the word emoji comes from Japanese e (絵, ‘picture’) + moji (文字, ‘character’); the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental.[4] The ISO 15924 script code for emoji is Zsye.

Originating on Japanese mobile phones in 1997, emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after being added to several mobile operating systems.[5][6][7] They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West and around the world.[8][9] In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the Face with Tears of Joy emoji (😂) the word of the year.[10][11]

History

Evolution from emoticons (1990s)

The emoji was predated by the emoticon,[12] a concept implemented in 1982 by computer scientist Scott Fahlman when he suggested text-based symbols such as  :-) and  :-( could be used to replace language.[13] Theories about language replacement can be traced back to the 1960s, when Russian novelist and professor Vladimir Nabokov stated in an interview with The New York Times: «I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile — some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket.»[14] It did not become a mainstream concept until the 1990s when Japanese, American and European companies began developing Fahlman’s idea.[15][16] Mary Kalantzis and Bill Cope point out that similar symbology was incorporated by Bruce Parello, a student at the University of Illinois, into PLATO IV, the first e-learning system, in 1972.[17][18] The PLATO system was not considered mainstream, and therefore Parello’s pictograms were only used by a small number of people.[19] Scott Fahlman’s emoticons importantly used common alphabet symbols, and aimed to replace language/text to express emotion, and for that reason are seen as the actual origin of emoticons.

Wingdings icons, including smiling and frowning faces

Wingdings, a font invented by Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes, was released by Microsoft in 1990.[20] It could be used to send pictographs in rich text messages, but would only load on devices with the Wingdings font installed.[21] In 1995, the French newspaper Le Monde announced that Alcatel would be launching a new phone, the BC 600. Its welcome screen displayed a digital smiley face, replacing the usual text seen as part of the «welcome message» often seen on other devices at the time.[22] In 1997, J-Phone launched the SkyWalker DP-211SW, which contained a set of 90 emoji. It is thought to be the first set of its kind. Its designs, each measuring 12 by 12 pixels were monochrome, depicting numbers, sports, the time, moon phases and the weather. It contained the Pile of Poo emoji in particular.[21] The J-Phone model experienced low sales, and the emoji set was thus rarely used.[23]

In 1999, Shigetaka Kurita created 176 emoji as part of NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode, used on its mobile platform.[24][25][26] They were intended to help facilitate electronic communication, and to serve as a distinguishing feature from other services.[5] Due to their influence, Kurita’s designs were once claimed to be the first cellular emoji;[21] however, Kurita has denied that this is the case.[27][28] According to interviews, he took inspiration from Japanese manga where characters are often drawn with symbolic representations called manpu (such as a water drop on a face representing nervousness or confusion), and weather pictograms used to depict the weather conditions at any given time. He also drew inspiration from Chinese characters and street sign pictograms.[26][29][30] The DoCoMo i-Mode set included facial expressions, such as smiley faces, derived from a Japanese visual style commonly found in manga and anime, combined with kaomoji and smiley elements.[31] Kurita’s work is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.[32]

Kurita’s emoji were brightly colored, albeit with a single color per glyph. General-use emoji, such as sports, actions and weather, can readily be traced back to Kurita’s emoji set.[33] Notably absent from the set were pictograms that demonstrated emotion. The yellow-faced emoji in current use evolved from other emoticon sets and cannot be traced back to Kurita’s work.[33] His set also had generic images much like the J-Phones. Elsewhere in the 1990s, Nokia phones began including preset pictograms in its text messaging app, which they defined as «smileys and symbols».[34] A third notable emoji set was introduced by Japanese mobile phone brand au by KDDI.[21][35]

Development of emoji sets (2000–2007)

The basic 12-by-12-pixel emoji in Japan grew in popularity across various platforms over the next decade. This was aided by the popularity of DoCoMo i-mode, which for many was the origins of the smartphone.[clarification needed] The i-mode service also saw the introduction of emoji in conversation form on messenger apps. By 2004, i-mode had 40 million subscribers, exposing numerous people to emoji for the first time between 2000 and 2004. The popularity of i-mode led to other manufacturers offering their own emoji sets. While emoji adoption was high in Japan during this time, the competitors failed to collaborate to create a uniform set of emoji to be used across all platforms in the country.[36]

Smiley faces from DOS code page 437

The Universal Coded Character Set (Unicode), controlled by the Unicode Consortium and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2, had already been established as the international standard for text representation (ISO/IEC 10646) since 1993, although variants of Shift JIS remained relatively common in Japan. Unicode included several characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji, including some from North American or Western European sources such as DOS code page 437, ITC Zapf Dingbats or the WordPerfect Iconic Symbols set.[37][38] Unicode coverage of written characters was extended several times by new editions during the 2000s, with little interest in incorporating the Japanese cellular emoji sets (deemed out of scope),[39] although symbol characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji continued to be added. For example, Unicode 4.0 contained 16 new emoji, which included direction arrows, a warning triangle, and an eject button.[40] Besides Zapf Dingbats, other dingbat fonts such as Wingdings or Webdings also included additional pictographic symbols in their own custom pi font encodings; unlike Zapf Dingbats, however, many of these would not be available as Unicode emoji until 2014.[41]

The Smiley Company developed The Smiley Dictionary, which was launched in 2001. The desktop platform was aimed at allowing people to insert smileys as text when sending emails and writing on a desktop computer.[42] The smiley toolbar offered a variety of symbols and smileys and was used on platforms such as MSN Messenger.[43] Nokia, then one of the largest global telecom companies, was still referring to today’s emoji sets as smileys in 2001.[44] The digital smiley movement was headed up by Nicolas Loufrani, the CEO of The Smiley Company.[42] He created a smiley toolbar, which was available at smileydictionary.com during the early 2000s to be sent as emoji are today.[45]

Beginnings of Unicode emoji (2008–2014)

Mobile providers in both the United States and Europe began discussions on how to introduce their own emoji sets from 2004 onwards. Many companies did not begin to take emoji seriously until Google employees requested that Unicode look into the possibility of a uniform emoji set. Apple quickly followed and began to collaborate with not only Google, but also providers in Europe and Japan. In August 2007, Mark Davis and his colleagues Kat Momoi and Markus Scherer wrote the first draft for consideration by the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC), to introduce emoji into the Unicode standard. The UTC, having previously deemed emoji to be out of scope for Unicode, made the decision to broaden its scope to enable compatibility with the Japanese cellular carrier formats which were becoming more widespread.[39] Peter Edberg and Yasuo Kida joined the collaborative effort from Apple Inc. shortly after, and their official UTC proposal came in January 2009.

Pending the assignment of standard Unicode code points, Google and Apple implemented emoji support via Private Use Area schemes. Google first introduced emoji in Gmail in October 2008, in collaboration with au by KDDI,[35] and Apple introduced the first release of Apple Color Emoji to iPhone OS on 21 November 2008.[46] Initially, Apple’s emoji support was implemented for holders of a SoftBank SIM card; the emoji themselves were represented using SoftBank’s Private Use Area scheme and mostly resembled the SoftBank designs.[47] Gmail emoji used their own Private Use Area scheme, in a supplementary Private Use plane.[48][49]

Separately, a proposal had been submitted in 2008 to add the ARIB extended characters used in broadcasting in Japan to Unicode. This included several pictographic symbols.[50] These were added in Unicode 5.2 in 2009, a year before the cellular emoji sets were fully added; they include several characters which either also appeared amongst the cellular emoji[48] or were subsequently classified as emoji.[51]

After iPhone users in the United States discovered that downloading Japanese apps allowed access to the keyboard, pressure grew to expand the availability of the emoji keyboard beyond Japan.[52] The Emoji application for iOS, which altered the Settings app to allow access to the emoji keyboard, was created by Josh Gare in February 2010.[53] Before the existence of Gare’s Emoji app, Apple had intended for the emoji keyboard to only be available in Japan in iOS version 2.2.[54]

Throughout 2009, members of the Unicode Consortium and national standardization bodies of various countries gave feedback and proposed changes to the international standardization of the emoji. The feedback from various bodies in the United States, Europe, and Japan agreed on a set of 722 emoji as the standard set. This would be released in October 2010 in Unicode 6.0.[55] Apple made the emoji keyboard available to those outside of Japan in iOS version 5.0 in 2011.[56] Later, Unicode 7.0 (June 2014) added the character repertoires of the Webdings and Wingdings fonts to Unicode, resulting in approximately 250 more Unicode emoji.[41]

The Unicode emoji whose code points were assigned in 2014 or earlier are therefore taken from several sources. A single character could exist in multiple sources, and characters from a source were unified with existing characters where appropriate: for example, the «shower» weather symbol (☔️) from the ARIB source was unified with an existing umbrella with raindrops character,[57] which had been added for KPS 9566 compatibility.[58] The emoji characters named «Rain» («雨», ame) from all three Japanese carriers were in turn unified with the ARIB character.[48] However, the Unicode Consortium groups the most significant sources of emoji into four categories:[59]

Source category Abbreviations Unicode version (year) Included sources Example
Zapf Dingbats ZDings, z 1.0 (1991) ITC Zapf Dingbats Series 100 ❣️ (U+2763 ← 0xA3)[60]
ARIB ARIB, a 5.2 (2008) ARIB STD-B24 Volume 1 extended Shift JIS ⛩️ (U+26E9 ← 0xEE4B)[61]
Japanese carriers JCarrier, j 6.0 (2010) NTT DoCoMo mobile Shift JIS 🎠 (U+1F3A0 ← 0xF8DA)[62]
au by KDDI mobile Shift JIS 📌 (U+1F4CC ← 0xF78A)[62]
SoftBank 3G mobile Shift JIS 💒 (U+1F492 ← 0xFB7D)[62]
Wingdings and Webdings WDings, w 7.0 (2014) Webdings 🛳️ (U+1F6F3 ← 0x54)[63]
Wingdings 🏵️ (U+1F3F5 ← 0x7B)[63]
Wingdings 2 🖍️ (U+1F58D ← 0x24)[63]
Wingdings 3 ▶️ (U+25B6 ← 0x75)[63][a]

UTS #51 and modern emoji (2015–present)

In late 2014, a Public Review Issue was created by the Unicode Technical Committee, seeking feedback on a proposed Unicode Technical Report (UTR) titled «Unicode Emoji». This was intended to improve interoperability of emoji between vendors, and define a means of supporting multiple skin tones. The feedback period closed in January 2015.[64] Also in January 2015, the use of the zero width joiner to indicate that a sequence of emoji could be shown as a single equivalent glyph (analogous to a ligature) as a means of implementing emoji without atomic code points, such as varied compositions of families, was discussed within the «emoji ad-hoc committee».[65]

Unicode 8.0 (June 2015) added another 41 emoji, including articles of sports equipment such as the cricket bat, food items such as the taco, new facial expressions, and symbols for places of worship, as well as five characters (crab, scorpion, lion face, bow and arrow, amphora) to improve support for pictorial rather than symbolic representations of the signs of the Zodiac.[b][67]

Also in June 2015, the first approved version («Emoji 1.0») of the Unicode Emoji report was published as Unicode Technical Report #51 (UTR #51). This introduced the mechanism of skin tone indicators, the first official recommendations about which Unicode characters were to be considered emoji, and the first official recommendations about which characters were to be displayed in an emoji font in absence of a variation selector, and listed the zero width joiner sequences for families and couples that were implemented by existing vendors.[68] Maintenance of UTR #51, taking emoji requests, and creating proposals for emoji characters and emoji mechanisms was made the responsibility of the Unicode Emoji Subcommittee (ESC), operating as a subcommittee of the Unicode Technical Committee,[69][70]

With the release of version 5.0 in May 2017 alongside Unicode 10.0, UTR #51 was redesignated a Unicode Technical Standard (UTS #51), making it an independent specification rather than merely an informative document.[71] As of July 2017, there were 2,666 Unicode emoji listed.[72] The next version of UTS #51 (published in May 2018) skipped to the version number Emoji 11.0, so as to synchronise its major version number with the corresponding version of the Unicode Standard.[73]

The popularity of emoji has caused pressure from vendors and international markets to add additional designs into the Unicode standard to meet the demands of different cultures. Some characters now defined as emoji are inherited from a variety of pre-Unicode messenger systems not only used in Japan, including Yahoo and MSN Messenger.[74]

Corporate demand for emoji standardization has placed pressures on the Unicode Consortium, with some members complaining that it had overtaken the group’s traditional focus on standardizing characters used for minority languages and transcribing historical records.[75] Conversely, the Consortium recognises that public desire for emoji support has put pressure on vendors to improve their Unicode support,[76] which is especially true for characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane,[77] thus leading to better support for Unicode’s historic and minority scripts in deployed software.[76]

Cultural influence

Oxford Dictionaries named U+1F602 😂 FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY[78] its 2015 Word of the Year.[79] Oxford noted that 2015 had seen a sizable increase in the use of the word «emoji» and recognized its impact on popular culture.[79] Oxford Dictionaries President Caspar Grathwohl expressed that «traditional alphabet scripts have been struggling to meet the rapid-fire, visually focused demands of 21st Century communication. It’s not surprising that a pictographic script like emoji has stepped in to fill those gaps—it’s flexible, immediate, and infuses tone beautifully.»[80] SwiftKey found that «Face with Tears of Joy» was the most popular emoji across the world.[81] The American Dialect Society declared U+1F346 🍆 AUBERGINE to be the «Most Notable Emoji» of 2015 in their Word of the Year vote.[82]

Some emoji are specific to Japanese culture, such as a bowing businessman (U+1F647 🙇 ), the shoshinsha mark used to indicate a beginner driver (U+1F530 🔰 ), a white flower (U+1F4AE 💮 ) used to denote «brilliant homework»,[83] or a group of emoji representing popular foods: ramen noodles (U+1F35C 🍜 ), dango (U+1F361 🍡 ), onigiri (U+1F359 🍙 ), curry (U+1F35B 🍛 ), and sushi (U+1F363 🍣 ). Unicode Consortium founder Mark Davis compared the use of emoji to a developing language, particularly mentioning the American use of eggplant (U+1F346 🍆 ) to represent a phallus.[84] Some linguists have classified emoji and emoticons as discourse markers.[85]

In December 2015 a sentiment analysis of emoji was published,[86] and the Emoji Sentiment Ranking 1.0[87] was provided. In 2016, a musical about emoji premiered in Los Angeles.[88][89] The computer-animated The Emoji Movie was released in summer 2017.[90][91]

In January 2017, in what is believed to be the first large-scale study of emoji usage, researchers at the University of Michigan analyzed over 1.2 billion messages input via the Kika Emoji Keyboard[92] and announced that the Face With Tears of Joy was the most popular emoji. The Heart and the Heart eyes emoji stood second and third, respectively. The study also found that the French use heart emoji the most.[93] People in countries like Australia, France, and the Czech Republic used more happy emoji, while this was not so for people in Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina, where people used more negative emoji in comparison to cultural hubs known for restraint and self-discipline, like Turkey, France and Russia.[94]

There has been discussion among legal experts on whether or not emoji could be admissible as evidence in court trials.[95][96] Furthermore, as emoji continue to develop and grow as a «language» of symbols, there may also be the potential of the formation of emoji «dialects».[97] Emoji are being used as more than just to show reactions and emotions.[98] Snapchat has even incorporated emoji in its trophy and friends system with each emoji showing a complex meaning.[99] Emojis can also convey different meanings based on syntax and inversion. For instance, ‘fairy comments’ involve heart, star, and fairy emojis placed between the words of a sentence. These comments often invert the meanings associated with hearts and may be used to ‘tread on borders of offense.’[100]

In 2017, the MIT Media Lab published DeepMoji, a deep neural network sentiment analysis algorithm that was trained on 1.2 billion emoji occurrences in Twitter data from 2013 to 2017.[101][102] DeepMoji was found to outperform human subjects in correctly identifying sarcasm in Tweets and other online modes of communication.[103][104][105]

Use in furthering causes

On March 5, 2019,[106] a drop of blood (U+1FA78 🩸 ) emoji was released, which is intended to help break the stigma of menstruation.[107] In addition to normalizing periods, it will also be relevant to describe medical topics such as donating blood and other blood-related activities.[107]

A mosquito (U+1F99F 🦟 ) emoji was added in 2018 to raise awareness for diseases spread by the insect, such as dengue and malaria.[108]

Linguistic function of emojis

Linguistically, emoji are used to indicate emotional state, they tend to be used more in positive communication. Some researchers believe emoji can be used for visual rhetoric. Emoji can be used to set emotional tone in messages. Emoji tend not to have their own meaning but act as a paralanguage adding meaning to text. Emoji can add clarity and credibility to text.[109]

Sociolinguistically, the use of emoji differ depending on speaker and setting. Women use emoji more than men. Men use a wider variety of emoji. Women are more likely to use emoji in public communication than private communication. Extraversion and agreeableness are positively correlated with emoji use, neuroticism is negative correlated. Emoji use differ between cultures: studies in terms of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory found that cultures with high power distance and tolerance to indulgence used more negative emojis, while those with high uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation use more positive emojis.[109]

Emoji communication problems

Research has shown that emoji are often misunderstood. In some cases, this misunderstanding is related to how the actual emoji design is interpreted by the viewer;[110] in other cases, the emoji that was sent is not shown in the same way on the receiving side.[111]

The first issue relates to the cultural or contextual interpretation of the emoji. When the author picks an emoji, they think about it in a certain way, but the same character may not trigger the same thoughts in the mind of the receiver[112] (see also Models of communication).

For example, people in China have developed a system for using emoji subversively, so that a smiley face could be sent to convey a despising, mocking, and even obnoxious attitude, as the orbicularis oculi (the muscle near that upper eye corner) on the face of the emoji does not move, and the orbicularis oris (the one near the mouth) tightens, which is believed to be a sign of suppressing a smile.[113]

The second problem relates to technology and branding. When an author of a message picks an emoji from a list, it is normally encoded in a non-graphical manner during the transmission, and if the author and the reader do not use the same software or operating system for their devices, the reader’s device may visualize the same emoji in a different way. Small changes to a character’s look may completely alter its perceived meaning with the receiver. As an example, in April 2020, British actress and presenter Jameela Jamil posted a tweet from her iPhone using the Face with Hand Over Mouth emoji (🤭) as part of a comment on people shopping for food during the COVID-19 pandemic. On Apple’s iOS, the emoji expression is neutral and pensive, but on other platforms the emoji shows as a giggling face. Many fans were initially upset thinking that she, as a well off celebrity, was mocking poor people, but this was not her intended meaning.[114]

Researchers from German Studies Institute at Ruhr-Universität Bochum found that most people can easily understand an emoji when it replaces a word directly – like an icon for a rose instead of the word ‘rose’ – yet it takes people about 50 percent longer to comprehend the emoji.[citation needed]

Variation and ambiguity

Emoji characters vary slightly between platforms within the limits in meaning defined by the Unicode specification, as companies have tried to provide artistic presentations of ideas and objects.[115] For example, following an Apple tradition, the calendar emoji on Apple products always shows July 17, the date in 2002 Apple announced its iCal calendar application for macOS. This led some Apple product users to initially nickname July 17 «World Emoji Day».[116] Other emoji fonts show different dates or do not show a specific one.[117]

Some Apple emoji are very similar to the SoftBank standard, since SoftBank was the first Japanese network on which the iPhone launched. For example, U+1F483 💃 DANCER is female on Apple and SoftBank standards but male or gender-neutral on others.[118]

Journalists have noted that the ambiguity of emoji has allowed them to take on culture-specific meanings not present in the original glyphs. For example, U+1F485 💅 NAIL POLISH has been described as being used in English-language communities to signify «non-caring fabulousness»[119] and «anything from shutting haters down to a sense of accomplishment».[120][121] Unicode manuals sometimes provide notes on auxiliary meanings of an object to guide designers on how emoji may be used, for example noting that some users may expect U+1F4BA 💺 SEAT to stand for «a reserved or ticketed seat, as for an airplane, train, or theater».[122]

Controversial emoji

Some emoji have been involved in controversy due to their perceived meanings. Multiple arrests and imprisonments have followed usage of pistol (U+1F52B 🔫 ), knife (U+1F5E1 🗡 ), and bomb (U+1F4A3 💣 ) emoji in ways that authorities deemed credible threats.[123]

In the lead-up to the 2016 Summer Olympics, the Unicode Consortium considered proposals to add several Olympic-related emoji, including medals and events such as handball and water polo.[124] By October 2015, these candidate emoji included «rifle» (U+1F946 🥆 ) and «modern pentathlon» (U+1F93B 🤻 ).[125][126] However, in 2016, Apple and Microsoft opposed these two emoji, and the characters were added without emoji presentations, meaning that software is expected to render them in black-and-white rather than color, and emoji-specific software such as onscreen keyboards will generally not include them. In addition, while the original incarnations of the modern pentathlon emoji depicted its five events, including a man pointing a gun, the final glyph contains a person riding a horse, along with a laser pistol target in the corner.[123][126][127]

Drawing of a revolver

Drawing of a water pistol

On August 1, 2016, Apple announced that in iOS 10, the pistol emoji (U+1F52B 🔫 ) would be changed from a realistic revolver to a water pistol.[123] Conversely, the following day, Microsoft pushed out an update to Windows 10 that changed its longstanding depiction of the pistol emoji as a toy ray-gun to a real revolver.[128] Microsoft stated that the change was made to bring the glyph more in line with industry-standard designs and customer expectations.[128] By 2018, most major platforms such as Google, Microsoft, Samsung, Facebook, and Twitter had transitioned their rendering of the pistol emoji to match Apple’s water gun implementation.[129] Apple’s change of depiction from a realistic gun to a toy gun was criticised by, among others, the editor of Emojipedia, because it could lead to messages appearing differently to the receiver than the sender had intended.[130] Insider‘s Rob Price said it created the potential for «serious miscommunication across different platforms», and asked «What if a joke sent from an Apple user to a Google user is misconstrued because of differences in rendering? Or if a genuine threat sent by a Google user to an Apple user goes unreported because it is taken as a joke?»[131]

The eggplant (aubergine) emoji (U+1F346 🍆 ) has also seen controversy due to it being used to represent a penis.[82][84][132][133] Beginning in December 2014, the hashtag #EggplantFridays began to rise to popularity on Instagram for use in marking photos featuring clothed or unclothed penises.[132][133] This became such a popular trend that, beginning in April 2015, Instagram disabled the ability to search for not only the #EggplantFridays tag, but also other eggplant-containing hashtags, including simply #eggplant and #🍆.[132][133][134]

The peach emoji (U+1F351 🍑 ) has likewise been used as a euphemistic icon for buttocks, with a 2016 Emojipedia analysis revealing that only seven percent of English language tweets with the peach emoji refer to the actual fruit.[135][136][137] In 2016, Apple attempted to redesign the emoji to less resemble buttocks. This was met with fierce backlash in beta testing, and Apple reversed its decision by the time it went live to the public.[138]

In December 2017, a lawyer in Delhi, India, threatened to file a lawsuit against WhatsApp for allowing use of the middle finger emoji (U+1F595 🖕 ) on the basis that the company is «directly abetting the use of an offensive, lewd, obscene gesture» in violation of the Indian Penal Code.[139]

Emoji implementation

Early implementation in Japan

Various, often incompatible, character encoding schemes were developed by the different mobile providers in Japan for their own emoji sets.[48][62] For example, the extended Shift JIS representation F797 is used for a convenience store (🏪) by SoftBank, but for a wristwatch (⌚️) by KDDI.[62][48] All three vendors also developed schemes for encoding their emoji in the Unicode Private Use Area: DoCoMo, for example, used the range U+E63E through U+E757.[48] Versions of iOS prior to 5.1 encoded emoji in the SoftBank private use area.[140][141]

Unicode support considerations

Most, but not all, emoji are included in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP) of Unicode, which is also used for ancient scripts, some modern scripts such as Adlam or Osage, and special-use characters such as Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols.[142] Some systems introduced prior to the advent of Unicode emoji were only designed to support characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), on the assumption that non-BMP characters would rarely be encountered,[77] although failure to properly handle characters outside of the BMP precludes Unicode compliance.[143]

The introduction of Unicode emoji created an incentive for vendors to improve their support for non-BMP characters.[77] The Unicode Consortium notes that «[b]ecause of the demand for emoji, many implementations have upgraded their Unicode support substantially», also helping support for minority languages that use those features.[76]

Color support

Any operating system that supports adding additional fonts to the system can add an emoji-supporting font. However, inclusion of colorful emoji in existing font formats requires dedicated support for color glyphs. Not all operating systems have support for color fonts, so in these cases emoji might have to be rendered as black-and-white line art or not at all. There are four different formats used for multi-color glyphs in an SFNT font,[144] not all of which are necessarily supported by a given operating system library or software package such as a web browser or graphical program.[145] This means that color fonts may need to be supplied in several formats to be usable on multiple operating systems, or in multiple applications.

Implementation by different platforms and vendors

Apple first introduced emoji to their desktop operating system with the release of OS X 10.7 Lion, in 2011. Users can view emoji characters sent through email and messaging applications, which are commonly shared by mobile users, as well as any other application. Users can create emoji symbols using the «Characters» special input panel from almost any native application by selecting the «Edit» menu and pulling down to «Special Characters», or by the key combination ⌘ Command+⌥ Option+T. The emoji keyboard was first available in Japan with the release of iPhone OS version 2.2 in 2008.[146] The emoji keyboard was not officially made available outside of Japan until iOS version 5.0.[147] From iPhone OS 2.2 through to iOS 4.3.5 (2011), those outside Japan could access the keyboard but had to use a third-party app to enable it. Apple has revealed that the «face with tears of joy» is the most popular emoji among English speaking Americans. On second place is the «heart» emoji followed by the «Loudly Crying Face».[148][149]

An update for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 brought a subset of the monochrome Unicode set to those operating systems as part of the Segoe UI Symbol font.[150] As of Windows 8.1 Preview, the Segoe UI Emoji font is included, which supplies full-color pictographs. The plain Segoe UI font lacks emoji characters, whereas Segoe UI Symbol and Segoe UI Emoji include them. Emoji characters are accessed through the onscreen keyboard’s 😀 key, or through the physical keyboard shortcut ⊞ Win+..

Facebook and Twitter replace all Unicode emoji used on their websites with their own custom graphics. Prior to October 2017, Facebook had different sets for the main site and for its Messenger service, where only the former provides complete coverage. Messenger now uses Apple emoji on iOS, and the main Facebook set elsewhere.[151] Facebook reactions are only partially compatible with standard emoji.[152]

Modifiers

Emoji versus text presentation

Unicode defines variation sequences for many of its emoji to indicate their desired presentation.

Emoji characters can have two main kinds of presentation:

  • an emoji presentation, with colorful and perhaps whimsical shapes, even animated
  • a text presentation, such as black & white

    — Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode Emoji[59]

Specifying the desired presentation is done by following the base emoji with either U+FE0E VARIATION SELECTOR-15 (VS15) for text or U+FE0F VARIATION SELECTOR-16 (VS16) for emoji-style.[153]

Sample emoji variation sequences

U+ 2139 231B 26A0 2712 2764 1F004 1F21A
default presentation text emoji text text text emoji emoji
base code point ℹ ⌛ ⚠ ✒ ❤ 🀄 🈚
base+VS15 (text) ℹ︎ ⌛︎ ⚠︎ ✒︎ ❤︎ 🀄︎ 🈚︎
base+VS16 (emoji) ℹ️ ⌛️ ⚠️ ✒️ ❤️ 🀄️ 🈚️
Twemoji image Twemoji2 2139.svg Twemoji2 231b.svg Twemoji2 26a0.svg Twemoji2 2712.svg Twemoji2 2764.svg Twemoji2 1f004.svg Twemoji2 1f21a.svg

Skin color

Five symbol modifier characters were added with Unicode 8.0 to provide a range of skin tones for human emoji. These modifiers are called EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-1-2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 (U+1F3FB–U+1F3FF): 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿. They are based on the Fitzpatrick scale for classifying human skin color. Human emoji that are not followed by one of these five modifiers should be displayed in a generic, non-realistic skin tone, such as bright yellow (■), blue (■), or gray (■).[59] Non-human emoji (like U+26FD ⛽ FUEL PUMP) are unaffected by the Fitzpatrick modifiers.
As of Unicode version 15.0, Fitzpatrick modifiers can be used with 131 human emoji spread across seven blocks: Dingbats, Emoticons, Miscellaneous Symbols, Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs, Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs, Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A, and Transport and Map Symbols.[154]

The following table shows both the Unicode characters and the open-source «Twemoji» images, designed by Twitter:

Sample use of Fitzpatrick modifiers

Code point Default FITZ-1-2 FITZ-3 FITZ-4 FITZ-5 FITZ-6
U+1F9D2: Child Text 🧒 🧒🏻 🧒🏼 🧒🏽 🧒🏾 🧒🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f9d2.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f9d2-1f3ff.svg
U+1F466: Boy Text 👦 👦🏻 👦🏼 👦🏽 👦🏾 👦🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f466.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f466-1f3ff.svg
U+1F467: Girl Text 👧 👧🏻 👧🏼 👧🏽 👧🏾 👧🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f467.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f467-1f3ff.svg
U+1F9D1: Adult Text 🧑 🧑🏻 🧑🏼 🧑🏽 🧑🏾 🧑🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f9d1.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f9d1-1f3ff.svg
U+1F468: Man Text 👨 👨🏻 👨🏼 👨🏽 👨🏾 👨🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f468.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f468-1f3ff.svg
U+1F469: Woman Text 👩 👩🏻 👩🏼 👩🏽 👩🏾 👩🏿
Image Twemoji2 1f469.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fb.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fc.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fd.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3fe.svg Twemoji2 1f469-1f3ff.svg

Joining

Behaviour of the ZWJ and

ZWNJ format controls with various types of character, including emoji.

Implementations may use a zero-width joiner (ZWJ) between multiple emoji to make them behave like a single, unique emoji character.[59] For example, the sequence U+1F468 👨 MAN, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F469 👩 WOMAN, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F467 👧 GIRL (👨‍👩‍👧) could be displayed as a single emoji depicting a family with a man, a woman, and a girl if the implementation supports it. Systems that do not support it would ignore the ZWJs, displaying only the three base emoji in order (👨👩👧).

Unicode previously maintained a catalog of emoji ZWJ sequences that were supported on at least one commonly available platform. The consortium has since switched to documenting sequences that are recommended for general interchange (RGI). These are clusters that emoji fonts are expected to include as part of the standard.[155]

The ZWJ has also been used to implement platform specific emojis. For example, in 2016 Microsoft released a series of Ninja Cat emojis for their Windows 10 Anniversary Update. The sequence U+1F431 🐱 CAT FACE, U+200D ZWJ, U+1F464 👤 BUST IN SILHOUETTE were used to create Ninja Cat (🐱‍👤) .[c][156] Ninja Cat and variants were removed in late 2021’s Fluent emoji redesign.[157]

In Unicode

Unicode 15.0 represents emoji using 1,424 characters spread across 24 blocks, of which 26 are Regional indicator symbols that combine in pairs to form flag emoji, and 12 (#, * and 0–9) are base characters for keycap emoji sequences:[154][59]

637 of the 768 code points in the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block are considered emoji. 242 of the 256 code points in the Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs block are considered emoji. All of the 107 code points in the Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A block are considered emoji. All of the 80 code points in the Emoticons block are considered emoji. 105 of the 118 code points in the Transport and Map Symbols block are considered emoji. 83 of the 256 code points in the Miscellaneous Symbols block are considered emoji. 33 of the 192 code points in the Dingbats block are considered emoji.

  • v
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List of Unicode single emojis[1][2][3][4]
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+00Ax ©️ ®️
U+203x ‼️
U+204x ⁉️
U+212x ™️
U+213x ℹ️
U+219x ↔️ ↕️ ↖️ ↗️ ↘️ ↙️
U+21Ax ↩️ ↪️
U+231x ⌚️ ⌛️
U+232x ⌨️
U+23Cx ⏏️
U+23Ex ⏩️ ⏪️ ⏫️ ⏬️ ⏭️ ⏮️ ⏯️
U+23Fx ⏰️ ⏱️ ⏲️ ⏳️ ⏸️ ⏹️ ⏺️
U+24Cx Ⓜ️
U+25Ax ▪️ ▫️
U+25Bx ▶️
U+25Cx ◀️
U+25Fx ◻️ ◼️ ◽️ ◾️
U+260x ☀️ ☁️ ☂️ ☃️ ☄️ ☎️
U+261x ☑️ ☔️ ☕️ ☘️ ☝️
U+262x ☠️ ☢️ ☣️ ☦️ ☪️ ☮️ ☯️
U+263x ☸️ ☹️ ☺️
U+264x ♀️ ♂️ ♈️ ♉️ ♊️ ♋️ ♌️ ♍️ ♎️ ♏️
U+265x ♐️ ♑️ ♒️ ♓️ ♟️
U+266x ♠️ ♣️ ♥️ ♦️ ♨️
U+267x ♻️ ♾️ ♿️
U+269x ⚒️ ⚓️ ⚔️ ⚕️ ⚖️ ⚗️ ⚙️ ⚛️ ⚜️
U+26Ax ⚠️ ⚡️ ⚧️ ⚪️ ⚫️
U+26Bx ⚰️ ⚱️ ⚽️ ⚾️
U+26Cx ⛄️ ⛅️ ⛈️ ⛎️ ⛏️
U+26Dx ⛑️ ⛓️ ⛔️
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+26Ex ⛩️ ⛪️
U+26Fx ⛰️ ⛱️ ⛲️ ⛳️ ⛴️ ⛵️ ⛷️ ⛸️ ⛹️ ⛺️ ⛽️
U+270x ✂️ ✅️ ✈️ ✉️ ✊️ ✋️ ✌️ ✍️ ✏️
U+271x ✒️ ✔️ ✖️ ✝️
U+272x ✡️ ✨️
U+273x ✳️ ✴️
U+274x ❄️ ❇️ ❌️ ❎️
U+275x ❓️ ❔️ ❕️ ❗️
U+276x ❣️ ❤️
U+279x ➕️ ➖️ ➗️
U+27Ax ➡️
U+27Bx ➰️ ➿️
U+293x ⤴️ ⤵️
U+2B0x ⬅️ ⬆️ ⬇️
U+2B1x ⬛️ ⬜️
U+2B5x ⭐️ ⭕️
U+303x 〰️ 〽️
U+329x ㊗️ ㊙️
U+1F00x 🀄
U+1F0Cx 🃏
U+1F17x 🅰️ 🅱️ 🅾️ 🅿️
U+1F18x 🆎
U+1F19x 🆑 🆒 🆓 🆔 🆕 🆖 🆗 🆘 🆙 🆚
U+1F20x 🈁 🈂️
U+1F21x 🈚
U+1F22x 🈯
U+1F23x 🈲 🈳 🈴 🈵 🈶 🈷️ 🈸 🈹 🈺
U+1F25x 🉐 🉑
U+1F30x 🌀 🌁 🌂 🌃 🌄 🌅 🌆 🌇 🌈 🌉 🌊 🌋 🌌 🌍 🌎 🌏
U+1F31x 🌐 🌑 🌒 🌓 🌔 🌕 🌖 🌗 🌘 🌙 🌚 🌛 🌜 🌝 🌞 🌟
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F32x 🌠 🌡️ 🌤️ 🌥️ 🌦️ 🌧️ 🌨️ 🌩️ 🌪️ 🌫️ 🌬️ 🌭 🌮 🌯
U+1F33x 🌰 🌱 🌲 🌳 🌴 🌵 🌶️ 🌷 🌸 🌹 🌺 🌻 🌼 🌽 🌾 🌿
U+1F34x 🍀 🍁 🍂 🍃 🍄 🍅 🍆 🍇 🍈 🍉 🍊 🍋 🍌 🍍 🍎 🍏
U+1F35x 🍐 🍑 🍒 🍓 🍔 🍕 🍖 🍗 🍘 🍙 🍚 🍛 🍜 🍝 🍞 🍟
U+1F36x 🍠 🍡 🍢 🍣 🍤 🍥 🍦 🍧 🍨 🍩 🍪 🍫 🍬 🍭 🍮 🍯
U+1F37x 🍰 🍱 🍲 🍳 🍴 🍵 🍶 🍷 🍸 🍹 🍺 🍻 🍼 🍽️ 🍾 🍿
U+1F38x 🎀 🎁 🎂 🎃 🎄 🎅 🎆 🎇 🎈 🎉 🎊 🎋 🎌 🎍 🎎 🎏
U+1F39x 🎐 🎑 🎒 🎓 🎖️ 🎗️ 🎙️ 🎚️ 🎛️ 🎞️ 🎟️
U+1F3Ax 🎠 🎡 🎢 🎣 🎤 🎥 🎦 🎧 🎨 🎩 🎪 🎫 🎬 🎭 🎮 🎯
U+1F3Bx 🎰 🎱 🎲 🎳 🎴 🎵 🎶 🎷 🎸 🎹 🎺 🎻 🎼 🎽 🎾 🎿
U+1F3Cx 🏀 🏁 🏂 🏃 🏄 🏅 🏆 🏇 🏈 🏉 🏊 🏋️ 🏌️ 🏍️ 🏎️ 🏏
U+1F3Dx 🏐 🏑 🏒 🏓 🏔️ 🏕️ 🏖️ 🏗️ 🏘️ 🏙️ 🏚️ 🏛️ 🏜️ 🏝️ 🏞️ 🏟️
U+1F3Ex 🏠 🏡 🏢 🏣 🏤 🏥 🏦 🏧 🏨 🏩 🏪 🏫 🏬 🏭 🏮 🏯
U+1F3Fx 🏰 🏳️ 🏴 🏵️ 🏷️ 🏸 🏹 🏺 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿
U+1F40x 🐀 🐁 🐂 🐃 🐄 🐅 🐆 🐇 🐈 🐉 🐊 🐋 🐌 🐍 🐎 🐏
U+1F41x 🐐 🐑 🐒 🐓 🐔 🐕 🐖 🐗 🐘 🐙 🐚 🐛 🐜 🐝 🐞 🐟
U+1F42x 🐠 🐡 🐢 🐣 🐤 🐥 🐦 🐧 🐨 🐩 🐪 🐫 🐬 🐭 🐮 🐯
U+1F43x 🐰 🐱 🐲 🐳 🐴 🐵 🐶 🐷 🐸 🐹 🐺 🐻 🐼 🐽 🐾 🐿️
U+1F44x 👀 👁️ 👂 👃 👄 👅 👆 👇 👈 👉 👊 👋 👌 👍 👎 👏
U+1F45x 👐 👑 👒 👓 👔 👕 👖 👗 👘 👙 👚 👛 👜 👝 👞 👟
U+1F46x 👠 👡 👢 👣 👤 👥 👦 👧 👨 👩 👪 👫 👬 👭 👮 👯
U+1F47x 👰 👱 👲 👳 👴 👵 👶 👷 👸 👹 👺 👻 👼 👽 👾 👿
U+1F48x 💀 💁 💂 💃 💄 💅 💆 💇 💈 💉 💊 💋 💌 💍 💎 💏
U+1F49x 💐 💑 💒 💓 💔 💕 💖 💗 💘 💙 💚 💛 💜 💝 💞 💟
U+1F4Ax 💠 💡 💢 💣 💤 💥 💦 💧 💨 💩 💪 💫 💬 💭 💮 💯
U+1F4Bx 💰 💱 💲 💳 💴 💵 💶 💷 💸 💹 💺 💻 💼 💽 💾 💿
U+1F4Cx 📀 📁 📂 📃 📄 📅 📆 📇 📈 📉 📊 📋 📌 📍 📎 📏
U+1F4Dx 📐 📑 📒 📓 📔 📕 📖 📗 📘 📙 📚 📛 📜 📝 📞 📟
U+1F4Ex 📠 📡 📢 📣 📤 📥 📦 📧 📨 📩 📪 📫 📬 📭 📮 📯
U+1F4Fx 📰 📱 📲 📳 📴 📵 📶 📷 📸 📹 📺 📻 📼 📽️ 📿
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F50x 🔀 🔁 🔂 🔃 🔄 🔅 🔆 🔇 🔈 🔉 🔊 🔋 🔌 🔍 🔎 🔏
U+1F51x 🔐 🔑 🔒 🔓 🔔 🔕 🔖 🔗 🔘 🔙 🔚 🔛 🔜 🔝 🔞 🔟
U+1F52x 🔠 🔡 🔢 🔣 🔤 🔥 🔦 🔧 🔨 🔩 🔪 🔫 🔬 🔭 🔮 🔯
U+1F53x 🔰 🔱 🔲 🔳 🔴 🔵 🔶 🔷 🔸 🔹 🔺 🔻 🔼 🔽
U+1F54x 🕉️ 🕊️ 🕋 🕌 🕍 🕎
U+1F55x 🕐 🕑 🕒 🕓 🕔 🕕 🕖 🕗 🕘 🕙 🕚 🕛 🕜 🕝 🕞 🕟
U+1F56x 🕠 🕡 🕢 🕣 🕤 🕥 🕦 🕧 🕯️
U+1F57x 🕰️ 🕳️ 🕴️ 🕵️ 🕶️ 🕷️ 🕸️ 🕹️ 🕺
U+1F58x 🖇️ 🖊️ 🖋️ 🖌️ 🖍️
U+1F59x 🖐️ 🖕 🖖
U+1F5Ax 🖤 🖥️ 🖨️
U+1F5Bx 🖱️ 🖲️ 🖼️
U+1F5Cx 🗂️ 🗃️ 🗄️
U+1F5Dx 🗑️ 🗒️ 🗓️ 🗜️ 🗝️ 🗞️
U+1F5Ex 🗡️ 🗣️ 🗨️ 🗯️
U+1F5Fx 🗳️ 🗺️ 🗻 🗼 🗽 🗾 🗿
U+1F60x 😀 😁 😂 😃 😄 😅 😆 😇 😈 😉 😊 😋 😌 😍 😎 😏
U+1F61x 😐 😑 😒 😓 😔 😕 😖 😗 😘 😙 😚 😛 😜 😝 😞 😟
U+1F62x 😠 😡 😢 😣 😤 😥 😦 😧 😨 😩 😪 😫 😬 😭 😮 😯
U+1F63x 😰 😱 😲 😳 😴 😵 😶 😷 😸 😹 😺 😻 😼 😽 😾 😿
U+1F64x 🙀 🙁 🙂 🙃 🙄 🙅 🙆 🙇 🙈 🙉 🙊 🙋 🙌 🙍 🙎 🙏
U+1F68x 🚀 🚁 🚂 🚃 🚄 🚅 🚆 🚇 🚈 🚉 🚊 🚋 🚌 🚍 🚎 🚏
U+1F69x 🚐 🚑 🚒 🚓 🚔 🚕 🚖 🚗 🚘 🚙 🚚 🚛 🚜 🚝 🚞 🚟
U+1F6Ax 🚠 🚡 🚢 🚣 🚤 🚥 🚦 🚧 🚨 🚩 🚪 🚫 🚬 🚭 🚮 🚯
U+1F6Bx 🚰 🚱 🚲 🚳 🚴 🚵 🚶 🚷 🚸 🚹 🚺 🚻 🚼 🚽 🚾 🚿
U+1F6Cx 🛀 🛁 🛂 🛃 🛄 🛅 🛋️ 🛌 🛍️ 🛎️ 🛏️
U+1F6Dx 🛐 🛑 🛒 🛕 🛖 🛗 🛜 🛝 🛞 🛟
U+1F6Ex 🛠️ 🛡️ 🛢️ 🛣️ 🛤️ 🛥️ 🛩️ 🛫 🛬
U+1F6Fx 🛰️ 🛳️ 🛴 🛵 🛶 🛷 🛸 🛹 🛺 🛻 🛼
U+1F7Ex 🟠 🟡 🟢 🟣 🟤 🟥 🟦 🟧 🟨 🟩 🟪 🟫
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1F7Fx 🟰
U+1F90x 🤌 🤍 🤎 🤏
U+1F91x 🤐 🤑 🤒 🤓 🤔 🤕 🤖 🤗 🤘 🤙 🤚 🤛 🤜 🤝 🤞 🤟
U+1F92x 🤠 🤡 🤢 🤣 🤤 🤥 🤦 🤧 🤨 🤩 🤪 🤫 🤬 🤭 🤮 🤯
U+1F93x 🤰 🤱 🤲 🤳 🤴 🤵 🤶 🤷 🤸 🤹 🤺 🤼 🤽 🤾 🤿
U+1F94x 🥀 🥁 🥂 🥃 🥄 🥅 🥇 🥈 🥉 🥊 🥋 🥌 🥍 🥎 🥏
U+1F95x 🥐 🥑 🥒 🥓 🥔 🥕 🥖 🥗 🥘 🥙 🥚 🥛 🥜 🥝 🥞 🥟
U+1F96x 🥠 🥡 🥢 🥣 🥤 🥥 🥦 🥧 🥨 🥩 🥪 🥫 🥬 🥭 🥮 🥯
U+1F97x 🥰 🥱 🥲 🥳 🥴 🥵 🥶 🥷 🥸 🥹 🥺 🥻 🥼 🥽 🥾 🥿
U+1F98x 🦀 🦁 🦂 🦃 🦄 🦅 🦆 🦇 🦈 🦉 🦊 🦋 🦌 🦍 🦎 🦏
U+1F99x 🦐 🦑 🦒 🦓 🦔 🦕 🦖 🦗 🦘 🦙 🦚 🦛 🦜 🦝 🦞 🦟
U+1F9Ax 🦠 🦡 🦢 🦣 🦤 🦥 🦦 🦧 🦨 🦩 🦪 🦫 🦬 🦭 🦮 🦯
U+1F9Bx 🦰 🦱 🦲 🦳 🦴 🦵 🦶 🦷 🦸 🦹 🦺 🦻 🦼 🦽 🦾 🦿
U+1F9Cx 🧀 🧁 🧂 🧃 🧄 🧅 🧆 🧇 🧈 🧉 🧊 🧋 🧌 🧍 🧎 🧏
U+1F9Dx 🧐 🧑 🧒 🧓 🧔 🧕 🧖 🧗 🧘 🧙 🧚 🧛 🧜 🧝 🧞 🧟
U+1F9Ex 🧠 🧡 🧢 🧣 🧤 🧥 🧦 🧧 🧨 🧩 🧪 🧫 🧬 🧭 🧮 🧯
U+1F9Fx 🧰 🧱 🧲 🧳 🧴 🧵 🧶 🧷 🧸 🧹 🧺 🧻 🧼 🧽 🧾 🧿
U+1FA7x 🩰 🩱 🩲 🩳 🩴 🩵 🩶 🩷 🩸 🩹 🩺 🩻 🩼
U+1FA8x 🪀 🪁 🪂 🪃 🪄 🪅 🪆 🪇 🪈
U+1FA9x 🪐 🪑 🪒 🪓 🪔 🪕 🪖 🪗 🪘 🪙 🪚 🪛 🪜 🪝 🪞 🪟
U+1FAAx 🪠 🪡 🪢 🪣 🪤 🪥 🪦 🪧 🪨 🪩 🪪 🪫 🪬 🪭 🪮 🪯
U+1FABx 🪰 🪱 🪲 🪳 🪴 🪵 🪶 🪷 🪸 🪹 🪺 🪻 🪼 🪽 🪿
U+1FACx 🫀 🫁 🫂 🫃 🫄 🫅 🫎 🫏
U+1FADx 🫐 🫑 🫒 🫓 🫔 🫕 🫖 🫗 🫘 🫙 🫚 🫛
U+1FAEx 🫠 🫡 🫢 🫣 🫤 🫥 🫦 🫧 🫨
U+1FAFx 🫰 🫱 🫲 🫳 🫴 🫵 🫶 🫷 🫸
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
Notes

1.^ As of Unicode version 15.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-emoji or non-assigned code points
3.^ «UTR #51: Unicode Emoji». Unicode Consortium.
4.^ «UCD: Emoji Data for UTR #51». Unicode Consortium. August 2, 2022.

Additional emoji can be found in the following Unicode blocks: Arrows (8 code points considered emoji), Basic Latin (12), CJK Symbols and Punctuation (2), Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement (41), Enclosed Alphanumerics (1), Enclosed CJK Letters and Months (2), Enclosed Ideographic Supplement (15), General Punctuation (2), Geometric Shapes (8), Geometric Shapes Extended (13), Latin-1 Supplement (2), Letterlike Symbols (2), Mahjong Tiles (1), Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows (7), Miscellaneous Technical (18), Playing Cards (1), and Supplemental Arrows-B (2).

Additions

Some vendors, most notably Microsoft, Samsung and HTC, add emoji presentation to some other existing Unicode characters or coin their own ZWJ sequences.

Microsoft displays all Mahjong tiles (U+1F000‥2B, not just U+1F004 🀄 MAHJONG TILE RED DRAGON) and alternative card suits (U+2661 ♡ , U+2662 ♢ , U+2664 ♤ , U+2667 ♧ ) as emoji. They also support additional pencils (U+270E ✎ , U+2710 ✐ ) and a heart-shaped bullet (U+2765 ❥ ).

While only U+261D ☝ is officially an emoji, Microsoft and Samsung add the other three directions as well (U+261C ☜ , U+261E ☞ , U+261F ☟ ).
Both vendors pair the standard checked ballot box emoji U+2611 ☑ with its crossed variant U+2612 ☒ , but only Samsung also has the empty ballot box U+2610 ☐ .

Samsung almost completely covers the rest of the Miscellaneous Symbols block (U+2600‥FF) as emoji, which includes Chess pieces, game die faces, some traffic sign as well as genealogical and astronomical symbols for instance.

HTC supports most additional pictographs from the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs (U+1F300‥5FF) and Transport and Map Symbols (U+1F680‥FF) blocks. Some of them are also shown as emoji on Samsung devices.

The open source projects Emojidex and Emojitwo are trying to cover all of these extensions established by major vendors.

In popular culture

  • The 2009 film Moon featured a robot named GERTY who communicates using a neutral-toned synthesized voice together with a screen showing emoji representing the corresponding emotional content.[158]
  • In 2014, the Library of Congress acquired an emoji version of Herman Melville’s Moby Dick created by Fred Benenson.[159][160]
  • A musical called Emojiland premiered at Rockwell Table & Stage in Los Angeles in May 2016,[88][89] after selected songs were presented at the same venue in 2015.[161][162]
  • In October 2016, the Museum of Modern Art acquired the original collection of emoji distributed by NTT DoCoMo in 1999.[163]
  • In November 2016, the first emoji-themed convention, Emojicon, was held in San Francisco.[164]
  • In March 2017, the first episode of the fifth season of Samurai Jack featured alien characters who communicate in emoji.[165]
  • In April 2017, the Doctor Who episode «Smile» featured nanobots called Vardy, which communicate through robotic avatars that use emoji (without any accompanying speech output) and are sometimes referred to by the time travelers as «Emojibots».[166]
  • On July 28, 2017, Sony Pictures Animation released The Emoji Movie, a 3D computer animated movie featuring the voices of Patrick Stewart, Christina Aguilera, Sofía Vergara, Anna Faris, T. J. Miller, and other notable actors and comedians.[167]
  • On September 3, 2021, Drake released his sixth studio album, Certified Lover Boy with album cover art featuring twelve emoji of pregnant women in varying clothing colors, hair colors and skin tones.[168][169]

See also

  • Blob emoji
  • Emojipedia
  • Emojli
  • Hieroglyphics
  • iConji
  • Kaomoji
  • Pictogram

Notes

  1. ^ Also has ARIB (ARIB SJIS 0xEECE)[61] and JCarrier (SoftBank SJIS 0xF7DA, au SJIS 0xF74A)[62] sources.
  2. ^ Older au by KDDI devices had used pictorial representations of all zodiac signs, displaying for instance the pisces sign (♓️) as a fish (🐟). Later devices had changed these to symbols, for consistency with other vendors.[66]
  3. ^ Five other Ninja Cat emojis were released: Ninja Cat Flying (🐱‍🏍), Ninja Cat at Computer (🐱‍💻), Ninja Cat riding T-Rex (🐱‍🐉), Ninja Cat with Coffee (🐱‍👓) and Ninja Cat in Space (🐱‍🚀).

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Further reading

  • Pardes, Arielle (February 1, 2018). «The WIRED Guide to Emoji». Wired. ISSN 1059-1028.

External links

  • Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode emoji
  • The Unicode FAQ – Emoji & Dingbats
  • Emoji Symbols – the original proposals for encoding of Emoji symbols as Unicode characters
  • Background data for Unicode proposal
  • emojitracker – list of most popularly used emoji on the Twitter platform; updated in real-time
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