Грэпплинг как пишется правильно

Как правильно пишется слово «грепплинг»

гре́пплинг

гре́пплинг, -а

Источник: Орфографический
академический ресурс «Академос» Института русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова РАН (словарная база
2020)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about martial arts and combat sports. For other uses, see Grapple (disambiguation).

Masahiko Kimura vs. Hélio Gracie was a high-profile 1951 bout between two grapplers, Japanese judo fighter Masahiko Kimura and Brazilian jiu jitsu founder Hélio Gracie, in Brazil.
Famous practitioners	Royce Gracie, Rickson Gracie, Masahiko Kimura, Helio Gracie

Grappling is a full-contact combat sport based on throws, trips, sweeps, clinch fighting, ground fighting and submission holds.

Grappling contests often involve takedowns and ground control, and may end when a contestant concedes defeat. Should there be no winner after the match time-limit has lapsed, competition judges will determine the winner based on who exerted more control.^[1]

Grappling most commonly does not include striking or the use of weapons. However, some fighting styles or martial arts known especially for their grappling techniques teach tactics that include strikes and weapons either alongside grappling or combined with it.^[2]

Types of technique[edit]

Grappling techniques can be broadly subdivided into clinch fighting; takedowns and throws; submission holds and pinning or controlling techniques; and sweeps, reversals, turnovers, and escapes.

• Clinching: or clinch work, takes place with both competitors on their feet using various clinch holds applied to the upper body of the opponent. Clinch work is generally used to set up or defend against throws or takedowns.
• Takedowns : A takedown is used by one grappler to manipulate their opponent from a standing position to a position on the ground. The grappler completing the takedown aims to end in a dominant position.
• Throws: A throw is a technique in which one grappler lifts or off-balances their opponent and maneuvers them forcefully through the air or to the ground. The purpose of throws varies among the different disciplines of grappling with some emphasizing throws with the potential to incapacitate the opponent, while leaving the thrower standing, or to gain a takedown or controlling position.
• Sprawling : A sprawl is a defensive technique usually used when the opponent attempts a takedown. It is performed by shifting the legs backwards and spread out in one fast motion. If done correctly one will land on their opponent’s back and gain control.
• Submission holds: There are generally two types of submission holds: those that would potentially strangle or suffocate an opponent (chokes), and those that would potentially cause injury to a joint or other body part (locks ). In sport grappling, a competitor is expected to submit, either verbally or by tapping the opponent, to admit defeat when they are caught in a submission hold they cannot escape. Competitors who refuse to «tap out» risk unconsciousness or serious injury.
• Securing or controlling techniques : A pin involves holding an opponent on their back in a position where they are unable to attack. In some styles of competitive grappling a pin is an instant victory, and in other styles it is considered a dominant position that is awarded with points. Other controlling techniques are used to hold an opponent face down on the ground or on all fours in order to prevent an escape or attack. Either of these types of technique may also be used as a prelude to a submission hold.
• Escapes: In a general sense, an escape is accomplished by maneuvering out of danger or from an inferior position; for example when a grappler who is underneath side control moves to guard or gets back to a neutral standing position, or when a grappler is able to maneuver out of a submission attempt and back to a position where they are no longer in immediate danger of being submitted.
• Turnovers: used to maneuver an opponent who is on all fours or flat on their stomach to their back, in order to score points, prepare for a pin or in order to gain a more dominant position.
• Reversals or sweeps: These occur when a grappler who was underneath their opponent on the ground is able to maneuver so that they gain a top position over their opponent.

Use[edit]

The degree to which grappling is utilized in different fighting systems varies. Some systems, such as amateur wrestling, pehlwani, judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu are exclusively grappling arts and do not allow striking. Some other grappling arts allow some limited forms of striking, for example in sumo and in combat jiu jitsu it is possible to strike with open hands (slapping).^[3][4] Many combat sports, such as shooto and mixed martial arts competitions, use both grappling and striking extensively as part of the sport.^[5]
Grappling is not allowed in some martial arts and combat sports, usually for the sake of focusing on other aspects of combat such as punching, kicking or mêlée weapons. Opponents in these types of matches, however, still grapple with each other occasionally when fatigued or in pain; when either occurs, the referee will step in and restart the match, sometimes giving a warning to one or both of the fighters. Examples of these include boxing, kickboxing, taekwondo, karate, and fencing. While prolonged grappling in Muay Thai will result in a separation of the competitors, the art extensively uses the clinch hold known as a double collar tie.

Grappling techniques and defenses to grappling techniques are also considered important in self-defense applications and in law enforcement. The most common grappling techniques taught for self-defense are escapes from holds and application of pain compliance techniques.

Grappling can be trained for self-defense, sport, and mixed martial arts (MMA) competition.

Stand-up grappling[edit]

Stand-up grappling is arguably an integral part of all grappling and clinch fighting arts, considering that two combatants generally start fighting from a stand-up position. The aim of stand-up grappling varies according to the martial arts or combat sports in question. Defensive stand-up grappling concerns itself with pain-compliance holds and escapes from possible grappling holds applied by an opponent, while offensive grappling techniques include submission holds, trapping, takedowns and throws, all of which can be used to inflict serious damage, or to move the fight to the ground. Stand-up grappling can also be used both offensively and defensively simultaneously with striking, either to trap an opponents arms while striking, prevent the opponent from obtaining sufficient distance to strike effectively, or to bring the opponent close to apply, for instance, knee strikes.

In combat sports, stand-up grappling usually revolves around successful takedowns and throws. Grappling is a major part of combat glima and Løse-tak sport glima, and the fight continues on the ground if both combatants end up there. In other martial sports such as MMA, the fight may continue on the ground.

Ground grappling[edit]

Ground grappling refers to all the grappling techniques that are applied while the grapplers are no longer in a standing position. A large part of most martial arts and combat sports which feature ground grappling is positioning and obtaining a dominant position. A dominant position (usually on top) allows the dominant grappler a variety of options, including: attempting to escape by standing up, obtaining a pin or hold-down to control and exhaust the opponent, executing a submission hold, or striking the opponent. The bottom grappler is, on the other hand, concerned with escaping the situation and improving their position, typically by using a sweep or reversal. In some disciplines, especially those where the guard is used, the bottom grappler may also be able to finish the fight from the bottom by a submission hold. Some people feel more confident on the bottom because of the large number of submissions that can be accomplished from having the opponent in full-guard.

Applications[edit]

When unskilled fighters get embroiled in combat, a common reaction is to grab the opponent in an attempt to slow the situation down by holding them still, resulting in an unsystematic struggle that relies on brute force. A skilled fighter, in contrast, can perform takedowns as a way of progressing to a superior position such as a Mount (grappling) or side control, or using clinch holds and ground positions to set up strikes, choke holds, and joint locks. A grappler who has been taken down to the ground can use defensive positions such as the Guard (grappling), which protects against being mounted or attacked. If a grappler is strong and can utilize leverage well, a takedown or throw itself can be a fight-ending maneuver; the impact can render an opponent unconscious. On the other hand, grappling also offers the possibility of controlling an opponent without injuring them. For their reason, most police staff receive some training in grappling.^{[citation needed]} Likewise, grappling sports have been devised so that their participants can compete using full physical effort without injuring their opponents.

Grappling is called dumog in Eskrima. The term chin na in Chinese martial arts deals with the use of grappling to achieve submission or incapacitation of the opponent (these may involve the use of acupressure points). Some Chinese martial arts, aikido, some eskrima systems, the Viking martial art of glima, as well as medieval and Renaissance European martial arts, practice grappling while one or both participants is armed. Their practice is significantly more dangerous than unarmed grappling and generally requires a great deal of training.

Types of grappling[edit]

There are many different regional styles of grappling around the world that are practiced within a limited geographic area or country. Several grappling styles like judo, shoot wrestling, Cornish wrestling, catch wrestling, submission grappling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, sambo, hapkido and several types of wrestling including freestyle and Greco-Roman have gained global popularity. Judo, Freestyle Wrestling, and Greco-Roman Wrestling are Olympic Sports while Grappling, Brazilian Jiu-jitsu and Sambo have their own World Championship Competitions. Other known grappling-oriented systems are sumo, shuai jiao, malla-yuddha and aikido.

In these arts, the object is either to take down and pin the opponent, or to catch the adversary in a specialized chokehold or joint lock which forces them to submit and admit defeat or be rendered helpless (unconscious or broken limbs). There are two forms of dress for grappling that dictate pace and style of action: with a jacket, such as a gi^[6] or kurtka, and without (No-Gi). The jacket, or «gi», form most often utilizes grips on the cloth to control the opponent’s body, while the «no-gi» form emphasizes body control of the torso and head using only the natural holds provided by the body. The use of a jacket is compulsory in judo competition, sambo competition, and most Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition, as well as a variety of folk wrestling styles around the world. Jackets are not used in many forms of wrestling, such as Olympic Freestyle, Greco-Roman wrestling and Grappling.

Grappling techniques are also used in mixed martial arts along with striking techniques. Strikes can be used to set up grappling techniques and vice versa.

ADCC[edit]

The ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship is the most prestigious submission grappling tournament in the world and is held biannually.

Mundials[edit]

The World Jiu-Jitsu Championship, also commonly called the Mundials (Portuguese for «Worlds»), is the most prestigious jacketed full range (takedown, position, and submission inclusive) grappling tournament in the world. The event also hosts a non-jacketed division (no gi), but that sub-event is not as prestigious as ADCC in terms of pure non-jacketed competition.

United World Wrestling[edit]

United World Wrestling (UWW) is the international governing body for the sport of wrestling. It presides over international competitions for various forms of wrestling, including Grappling for men and women. The flagship Grappling’s event of UWW is the Grappling World Championships.

NAGA[edit]

The North American Grappling Association (NAGA) is an organization started in 1995 that holds Submission Grappling and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu tournaments throughout North America and Europe. NAGA is the largest submission grappling association in the world with over 175,000 participants worldwide, including some of the top submission grapplers and MMA fighters in the world.^[7] NAGA grappling tournaments consist of gi and no-gi divisions. No-Gi competitors compete under rules drafted by NAGA. Gi competitors compete under standardized Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu rules. Notable Champions Frank Mir, Joe Fiorentino, Jon Jones, Khabib Nurmagomedov, Anthony Porcelli and Antonio Bustorff.

GRiND[edit]

GRiND is the first Indian Pro Grappling tournament series started in May 2017 conducting grappling championships (position and submission included). There is a first time no «Gi» event series in India.^[8]

See also[edit]

• Clinch fighting
• Combatives
• Grappling hold
• Grappling position
• Ground fighting
• Submission wrestling
• Judo
• Brazilian Jiu Jitsu
• Luta Livre
• Wrestling

References[edit]

Other sources[edit]

• Gracie; Renzo, Gracie, Royler; Peligro, Kid; Danaher, John (2001). Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: Theory and technique. Invisible Cities Press. ISBN 1-931229-08-2.
• Ohlenkamp, Neil (2006) Judo Unleashed basic reference on judo. ISBN 0-07-147534-6.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about martial arts and combat sports. For other uses, see Grapple (disambiguation).

Masahiko Kimura vs. Hélio Gracie was a high-profile 1951 bout between two grapplers, Japanese judo fighter Masahiko Kimura and Brazilian jiu jitsu founder Hélio Gracie, in Brazil.
Famous practitioners	Royce Gracie, Rickson Gracie, Masahiko Kimura, Helio Gracie

Grappling is a full-contact combat sport based on throws, trips, sweeps, clinch fighting, ground fighting and submission holds.

Grappling contests often involve takedowns and ground control, and may end when a contestant concedes defeat. Should there be no winner after the match time-limit has lapsed, competition judges will determine the winner based on who exerted more control.^[1]

Grappling most commonly does not include striking or the use of weapons. However, some fighting styles or martial arts known especially for their grappling techniques teach tactics that include strikes and weapons either alongside grappling or combined with it.^[2]

Types of technique[edit]

Grappling techniques can be broadly subdivided into clinch fighting; takedowns and throws; submission holds and pinning or controlling techniques; and sweeps, reversals, turnovers, and escapes.

• Clinching: or clinch work, takes place with both competitors on their feet using various clinch holds applied to the upper body of the opponent. Clinch work is generally used to set up or defend against throws or takedowns.
• Takedowns : A takedown is used by one grappler to manipulate their opponent from a standing position to a position on the ground. The grappler completing the takedown aims to end in a dominant position.
• Throws: A throw is a technique in which one grappler lifts or off-balances their opponent and maneuvers them forcefully through the air or to the ground. The purpose of throws varies among the different disciplines of grappling with some emphasizing throws with the potential to incapacitate the opponent, while leaving the thrower standing, or to gain a takedown or controlling position.
• Sprawling : A sprawl is a defensive technique usually used when the opponent attempts a takedown. It is performed by shifting the legs backwards and spread out in one fast motion. If done correctly one will land on their opponent’s back and gain control.
• Submission holds: There are generally two types of submission holds: those that would potentially strangle or suffocate an opponent (chokes), and those that would potentially cause injury to a joint or other body part (locks ). In sport grappling, a competitor is expected to submit, either verbally or by tapping the opponent, to admit defeat when they are caught in a submission hold they cannot escape. Competitors who refuse to «tap out» risk unconsciousness or serious injury.
• Securing or controlling techniques : A pin involves holding an opponent on their back in a position where they are unable to attack. In some styles of competitive grappling a pin is an instant victory, and in other styles it is considered a dominant position that is awarded with points. Other controlling techniques are used to hold an opponent face down on the ground or on all fours in order to prevent an escape or attack. Either of these types of technique may also be used as a prelude to a submission hold.
• Escapes: In a general sense, an escape is accomplished by maneuvering out of danger or from an inferior position; for example when a grappler who is underneath side control moves to guard or gets back to a neutral standing position, or when a grappler is able to maneuver out of a submission attempt and back to a position where they are no longer in immediate danger of being submitted.
• Turnovers: used to maneuver an opponent who is on all fours or flat on their stomach to their back, in order to score points, prepare for a pin or in order to gain a more dominant position.
• Reversals or sweeps: These occur when a grappler who was underneath their opponent on the ground is able to maneuver so that they gain a top position over their opponent.

Use[edit]

The degree to which grappling is utilized in different fighting systems varies. Some systems, such as amateur wrestling, pehlwani, judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu are exclusively grappling arts and do not allow striking. Some other grappling arts allow some limited forms of striking, for example in sumo and in combat jiu jitsu it is possible to strike with open hands (slapping).^[3][4] Many combat sports, such as shooto and mixed martial arts competitions, use both grappling and striking extensively as part of the sport.^[5]
Grappling is not allowed in some martial arts and combat sports, usually for the sake of focusing on other aspects of combat such as punching, kicking or mêlée weapons. Opponents in these types of matches, however, still grapple with each other occasionally when fatigued or in pain; when either occurs, the referee will step in and restart the match, sometimes giving a warning to one or both of the fighters. Examples of these include boxing, kickboxing, taekwondo, karate, and fencing. While prolonged grappling in Muay Thai will result in a separation of the competitors, the art extensively uses the clinch hold known as a double collar tie.

Grappling techniques and defenses to grappling techniques are also considered important in self-defense applications and in law enforcement. The most common grappling techniques taught for self-defense are escapes from holds and application of pain compliance techniques.

Grappling can be trained for self-defense, sport, and mixed martial arts (MMA) competition.

Stand-up grappling[edit]

Stand-up grappling is arguably an integral part of all grappling and clinch fighting arts, considering that two combatants generally start fighting from a stand-up position. The aim of stand-up grappling varies according to the martial arts or combat sports in question. Defensive stand-up grappling concerns itself with pain-compliance holds and escapes from possible grappling holds applied by an opponent, while offensive grappling techniques include submission holds, trapping, takedowns and throws, all of which can be used to inflict serious damage, or to move the fight to the ground. Stand-up grappling can also be used both offensively and defensively simultaneously with striking, either to trap an opponents arms while striking, prevent the opponent from obtaining sufficient distance to strike effectively, or to bring the opponent close to apply, for instance, knee strikes.

In combat sports, stand-up grappling usually revolves around successful takedowns and throws. Grappling is a major part of combat glima and Løse-tak sport glima, and the fight continues on the ground if both combatants end up there. In other martial sports such as MMA, the fight may continue on the ground.

Ground grappling[edit]

Ground grappling refers to all the grappling techniques that are applied while the grapplers are no longer in a standing position. A large part of most martial arts and combat sports which feature ground grappling is positioning and obtaining a dominant position. A dominant position (usually on top) allows the dominant grappler a variety of options, including: attempting to escape by standing up, obtaining a pin or hold-down to control and exhaust the opponent, executing a submission hold, or striking the opponent. The bottom grappler is, on the other hand, concerned with escaping the situation and improving their position, typically by using a sweep or reversal. In some disciplines, especially those where the guard is used, the bottom grappler may also be able to finish the fight from the bottom by a submission hold. Some people feel more confident on the bottom because of the large number of submissions that can be accomplished from having the opponent in full-guard.

Applications[edit]

When unskilled fighters get embroiled in combat, a common reaction is to grab the opponent in an attempt to slow the situation down by holding them still, resulting in an unsystematic struggle that relies on brute force. A skilled fighter, in contrast, can perform takedowns as a way of progressing to a superior position such as a Mount (grappling) or side control, or using clinch holds and ground positions to set up strikes, choke holds, and joint locks. A grappler who has been taken down to the ground can use defensive positions such as the Guard (grappling), which protects against being mounted or attacked. If a grappler is strong and can utilize leverage well, a takedown or throw itself can be a fight-ending maneuver; the impact can render an opponent unconscious. On the other hand, grappling also offers the possibility of controlling an opponent without injuring them. For their reason, most police staff receive some training in grappling.^{[citation needed]} Likewise, grappling sports have been devised so that their participants can compete using full physical effort without injuring their opponents.

Grappling is called dumog in Eskrima. The term chin na in Chinese martial arts deals with the use of grappling to achieve submission or incapacitation of the opponent (these may involve the use of acupressure points). Some Chinese martial arts, aikido, some eskrima systems, the Viking martial art of glima, as well as medieval and Renaissance European martial arts, practice grappling while one or both participants is armed. Their practice is significantly more dangerous than unarmed grappling and generally requires a great deal of training.

Types of grappling[edit]

There are many different regional styles of grappling around the world that are practiced within a limited geographic area or country. Several grappling styles like judo, shoot wrestling, Cornish wrestling, catch wrestling, submission grappling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, sambo, hapkido and several types of wrestling including freestyle and Greco-Roman have gained global popularity. Judo, Freestyle Wrestling, and Greco-Roman Wrestling are Olympic Sports while Grappling, Brazilian Jiu-jitsu and Sambo have their own World Championship Competitions. Other known grappling-oriented systems are sumo, shuai jiao, malla-yuddha and aikido.

In these arts, the object is either to take down and pin the opponent, or to catch the adversary in a specialized chokehold or joint lock which forces them to submit and admit defeat or be rendered helpless (unconscious or broken limbs). There are two forms of dress for grappling that dictate pace and style of action: with a jacket, such as a gi^[6] or kurtka, and without (No-Gi). The jacket, or «gi», form most often utilizes grips on the cloth to control the opponent’s body, while the «no-gi» form emphasizes body control of the torso and head using only the natural holds provided by the body. The use of a jacket is compulsory in judo competition, sambo competition, and most Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition, as well as a variety of folk wrestling styles around the world. Jackets are not used in many forms of wrestling, such as Olympic Freestyle, Greco-Roman wrestling and Grappling.

Grappling techniques are also used in mixed martial arts along with striking techniques. Strikes can be used to set up grappling techniques and vice versa.

ADCC[edit]

The ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship is the most prestigious submission grappling tournament in the world and is held biannually.

Mundials[edit]

The World Jiu-Jitsu Championship, also commonly called the Mundials (Portuguese for «Worlds»), is the most prestigious jacketed full range (takedown, position, and submission inclusive) grappling tournament in the world. The event also hosts a non-jacketed division (no gi), but that sub-event is not as prestigious as ADCC in terms of pure non-jacketed competition.

United World Wrestling[edit]

United World Wrestling (UWW) is the international governing body for the sport of wrestling. It presides over international competitions for various forms of wrestling, including Grappling for men and women. The flagship Grappling’s event of UWW is the Grappling World Championships.

NAGA[edit]

The North American Grappling Association (NAGA) is an organization started in 1995 that holds Submission Grappling and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu tournaments throughout North America and Europe. NAGA is the largest submission grappling association in the world with over 175,000 participants worldwide, including some of the top submission grapplers and MMA fighters in the world.^[7] NAGA grappling tournaments consist of gi and no-gi divisions. No-Gi competitors compete under rules drafted by NAGA. Gi competitors compete under standardized Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu rules. Notable Champions Frank Mir, Joe Fiorentino, Jon Jones, Khabib Nurmagomedov, Anthony Porcelli and Antonio Bustorff.

GRiND[edit]

GRiND is the first Indian Pro Grappling tournament series started in May 2017 conducting grappling championships (position and submission included). There is a first time no «Gi» event series in India.^[8]

See also[edit]

• Clinch fighting
• Combatives
• Grappling hold
• Grappling position
• Ground fighting
• Submission wrestling
• Judo
• Brazilian Jiu Jitsu
• Luta Livre
• Wrestling

References[edit]

Other sources[edit]

• Gracie; Renzo, Gracie, Royler; Peligro, Kid; Danaher, John (2001). Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: Theory and technique. Invisible Cities Press. ISBN 1-931229-08-2.
• Ohlenkamp, Neil (2006) Judo Unleashed basic reference on judo. ISBN 0-07-147534-6.

Что Такое грепплинг- Значение Слова грепплинг

Русский[править]

В Викиданных есть лексема грепплинг (L102788).

Морфологические и синтаксические свойства[править]

гре́п—плинг

Существительное, неодушевлённое, мужской род, 2-е склонение (тип склонения 3a по классификации А. А. Зализняка).

Корень: —.

Произношение[править]

• МФА: [ˈɡrɛplʲɪnk]

Семантические свойства[править]

Значение[править]

1. вид спортивного единоборства, техника которого состоит преимущественно из болевых и удушающих приёмов ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).

Синонимы[править]

Антонимы[править]

Гиперонимы[править]

Гипонимы[править]

Родственные слова[править]

Этимология[править]

От ??

Фразеологизмы и устойчивые сочетания[править]

Перевод[править]

Библиография[править]

Для улучшения этой статьи желательно: Добавить описание морфемного состава с помощью {{морфо-ru}} Добавить пример словоупотребления для значения с помощью {{пример}} Добавить синонимы в секцию «Семантические свойства» Добавить гиперонимы в секцию «Семантические свойства» Добавить сведения об этимологии в секцию «Этимология» Добавить хотя бы один перевод в секцию «Перевод»

Грэпплинг
Другие названия	Борьба до сдачи, Тактическая борьба, Универсальная борьба
Дата основания	Середина 1990-х годов
Родоначальное БИ	Бразильское джиу-джитсу, Дзюдо, Греко-римская борьба, Вольная борьба, Самбо и др.
Грэпплинг на Викискладе

Грэ́пплинг (англ. Grappling, Submission Fighting, Submission Wrestling, BJJ
No-Gi) — 1) англоязычное определение стиля ближнего боя в единоборствах — борцовской техники с использованием захватов (от англ. grapple «захват», «абордажный крюк», отсюда и название, буквально «абордаж»), для отличия от стилевой противоположности — ударной техники (как например, в боксе, кикбоксинге и т.д.).

2) вид спортивного единоборства, совмещающий в себе технику всех борцовских дисциплин, с минимальными ограничениями по использованию болевых и удушающих приёмов. Считается европейской модификацией японской борьбы джиу-джитсу^[1].

Данная борьба не включает в себя нанесение ударов и использование оружия. Стремление закончить поединок досрочно, с помощью болевого или удушающего приёма, является отличительной особенностью грэпплинга, так как в некоторых видах борьбы основной целью является либо позиционное доминирование (вольная и греко-римская борьба) ^{[источник не указан 1099 дней]}, либо получение очков за определённое количество бросков и других технических действий (дзюдо и самбо), после чего спортсмену присуждается победа^{[источник не указан 1099 дней]}.

Другой отличительной чертой грэпплинга является форма. Одежда спортсмена состоит из шорт и рашгарда (обтягивающей футболки с коротким и длинным рукавом). Важно, что одежда должна полностью прилегать к телу, чтобы во время схватки не давать никому преимущества.

Техника

Техника грэпплинга представлена широким спектром методов, таких как: клинч, бросок и сваливание, болевой приём и удушение, позиционная борьба, ускользание, перевороты (свипы)

• Клинч

Клинчем является борьба спортсменов в положении стоя с участием верхней половины тела. Используется для того чтобы подготовить бросок, либо защиту от него.

• Бросок

Бросок — это техника, с помощью которой один из борцов выводит из равновесия другого, поднимает его в воздух и ударяет о землю. Броски характерны своей амплитудностью и красотой. Цель броска — вывести оппонента из строя сильным ударом о землю или занять доминирующую позицию.

• Сваливание (Тэйкдаун)

Тэйкдаун отличается от броска тем, что он проводится без подъёма противника в воздух и без характерной для броска амплитудности. По своей сути тэйкдаун представляет собой сваливание противника на землю, чтобы продолжить схватку там.

• Болевой приём и удушение

Удушение используется, чтобы привести оппонента в бессознательное состояние.

Различаются два типа удушений:

• • Воздушное удушение, применяется для прекращения поступления воздуха в лёгкие противника;
  • Кровяное удушение, применяется для прекращения поступления крови в мозг противника.

Болевые приёмы применяются для повреждения суставов противника, либо других частей тела, что причиняет сильную боль сопернику и приводит к его сдаче. Болевые приёмы подразделяются на:

• • Рычаги, с помощью которых сустав оппонента двигается по прямой вне его нормального диапазона движения;
  • Узлы, с помощью которых сустав оппонента вращается по своей оси вне его нормального диапазона движения;
  • Ущемления, с помощью которых мускул противника сжимается между костями (обычно голени и предплечья), либо ущемления, которые расширяет, разделяет сустав.
• Позиционная борьба.

Используется для приведения противника в положение, в котором он не способен атаковать. Типы позиций:

• • гард;
  • полугард;
  • удержание сбоку (сайд контрол);
  • удержание со спины (бэк маунт);
  • удержание верхом (маунт);
  • удержание со стороны головы («север-юг»);
  • «колено-на-животе»;
  • «распятие».
• Ускользание.

Ускользание применяется для того, чтобы борец смог сменить невыгодную борцовскую позицию на выгодную. Например, когда лежащему спортсмену удается вернуться в положение стоя, либо когда спортсмену, к которому применяют болевой приём или удушение, удается выскользнуть из него, либо когда спортсмен будучи в невыгодной позиции возвращает себя в положение гарда.

• Переворот (свип).

Данная техника применяется для смены невыгодной позиции на выгодную с помощью переворота противника.

Организации

• UWW (FILA) — старейшая организация, первые турниры которой (по греко-римской борьбе) прошли ещё в начале XX века, на данный момент UWW является флагманом в развитии мирового спортивного грэпплинга. Проводит ежегодно чемпионаты и первенства мира и Европы среди юношей/девушек, юниоров/юниорок и мужчин/женщин. Грэпплинг UWW входит в программу Всемирных Игр боевых искусств SportAccord.
• North American Grappling Association — NAGA — наиболее массовая организация, насчитывающая 46 000 борцов. Помимо грэпплинга, также проводит ММА турниры. Первые турниры по грэпплингу были проведены предшественницей NAGA в 1995 году в Нью-Йорке (США).
• ADCC — наиболее известная и престижная организация, проводит турниры с 1998 года. Мужчины соревнуются в пяти весовых категориях, не считая абсолютной; женщины — в двух. Многие призёры и чемпионы ADCC успешно принимают участие в боях смешанного стиля (ММА).
• Grapplers Quest — американская организация. Первый турнир которой состоялся в 1999 году, и приняло участие 298 спортсменов.

Ссылки

• United World Wrestling
• ADCC Submission Fighting
• ADCC Submission Fighting Italy
• NAGA
• Всероссийская федерация грэпплинга (UWW)
• Федерация грэпплинга России (ADCC) (недоступная ссылка)
• Санкт-Петербургская федерация грэпплинга
• История грэпплинга

Примечания

Грэпплинг
Грэпплинг. Чемпионат штата Гавайи
Другие названия:	Сабмишн Реслинг; Борьба до сдачи
Дата основания:	конец ХХ-го века
Страна:	ОАЭ
Родоначальное БИ:	Бразильское джиу-джитсу, Вольная борьба, Греко-римская борьба, Дзюдо, Кэтч-борьба, Самбо и др.

Грэпплинг (англ. Grappling, Submission Fighting, Submission Wrestling, No-Gi Grappling) — вид спортивного единоборства, совмещающего в себе технику всех борцовских дисциплин (см. «родоначальное БИ»), с минимальными ограничениями по использованию болевых и удушающих приемов. Данная борьба не включает в себя нанесение ударов и использование оружия. Стремление закончить поединок досрочно, с помощью болевого или удушающего приема, является отличительной особенностью грэпплинга, так как в некоторых видах борьбы основной целью является либо позиционное доминирование (вольная и греко-римская борьба), либо получение очков за определенное количество бросков и других технических действий (дзюдо и самбо), после чего спортсмену присуждается победа. Другой отличительной чертой грэпплинга является форма. Одежда спортсмена состоит из шорт и рашгарда (обтягивающей футболки). Важно, что одежда должна полностью прилегать к телу, чтобы во время схватки не давать никому преимущества.

Техника

Техника грэпплинга представлена широким спектром методов, таких как: клинч, бросок и тейкдаун, болевой прием и удушение, позиционная борьба, ускользание, перевороты (свипы).

• Клинч. Клинчем является борьба спортсменов в положении стоя с участием верхней половины тела. Используется для того чтобы подготовить бросок, либо защиту от него.
• Бросок и тэйкдаун. Бросок — это техника, с помощью которой один из борцов выводит из равновесия другого, поднимает его в воздух и ударяет о землю. Броски характерны своей амплитудностью и красотой. Цель броска — вывести оппонента из строя сильным ударом о землю или занять доминирующую позицию. Тэйкдаун отличается от броска тем, что он проводится без подъема противника в воздух и без характерной для броска амплитудности. По своей сути тэйкдаун представляет собой сваливание противника на землю, чтобы продолжить схватку там.
• Болевой прием и удушение. Удушение используется, чтобы привести оппонента в бессознательное состояние. Различаются два типа удушений:
  • воздушное удушение, применяется для прекращения поступления воздуха в легкие противника;
  • кровяное удушение, применяется для прекращения поступления крови в мозг противника.

Болевые приемы применяются для повреждения суставов противника, либо других частей тела, что причиняет сильную боль сопернику и приводит к его сдаче. Болевые приемы подразделяются на:

• • рычаги, с помощью которых сустав оппонента двигается по прямой вне его нормального диапазона движения;
  • узлы, с помощью которых сустав оппонента вращается по своей оси вне его нормального диапазона движения;
  • ущемления, с помощью которых мускул противника сжимается между костями (обычно голени и предплечья), либо ущемления, которые расширяет, разделяет сустав.
• Позиционная борьба. Используется для приведения противника в положение, в котором он не способен атаковать. Типы позиций:
  • гард;
  • полугард;
  • удержание сбоку (сайд маунт);
  • удержание со спины (бэк маунт);
  • маунт;
  • «север-юг»;
  • «колено-на-животе»;
  • «распятие».
• Ускользание. Ускользание применяется для того, чтобы борец смог сменить невыгодную борцовскую позицию на выгодную. Например, когда лежащему спортсмену удается вернуться в положение стоя, либо когда спортсмену, к которому применяют болевой прием или удушение, удается выскользнуть из него, либо когда спортсмен будучи в невыгодной позиции возвращает себя в положение гарда.
• Переворот (свип). Данная техника применяется для смены невыгодной позиции на выгодную с помощью переворота противника.

Организации

• FILA (Wrestling World Championships) — старейшая организация, первые турниры которой (по греко-римской борьбе) прошли ещё в начале XX века, на данный момент официальная Федерация грэпплинга.
• ADCC (Submission Wrestling World Championship) — наиболее известная и престижная организация, проводит турниры с 1998 года. Мужчины соревнуются в пяти весовых категориях, не считая абсолютной; женщины — в двух. Многие призёры и чемпионы ADCC успешно принимают участие в боях смешанного стиля (ММА).
• North American Grappling Association — NAGA — наиболее массовая организация, насчитывающая 46 000 борцов. Помимо грэпплинга, также проводит ММА турниры.
• Grapplers Quest — американская организация. На первом турнире, которой состоялся прошел в 1999 году, приняло участие 298 спортсменов.

Ссылки

• грэпплинг в Москве
• FILA Wrestling
• ADCC Submission Fighting
• ADCC Submission Fighting Italy
• NAGA

Примечания

• Всероссийская федерация грэпплинга
• История грэпплинга

Грэпплинг
Грэпплинг в других БИ	Бразильское джиу-джитсу • Самбо • Дзюдо • Кэтч-борьба • Вольная борьба • Вале-тудо
Основные техники	Клинч • Бросок • Переворот • Мост • Захват • Удержание • Проход в ноги
Позиции грэпплинга	Гард • Полугард • Сайд маунт • Бэк маунт • Маунт • Колено-на-животе • Север-Юг • Распятие
Типы приемов	Удушения • Рычаги • Ущемления • Узлы
Организации	Чемпионат Мира по Борьбе до сдачи (ADCC) (англ.) • NAGA • Grapplers Quest