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Japanese yen

日本円 (Japanese)


2000 yen note printed Shureimon	The 6 types of coins of the Japanese yen

ISO 4217

Code

JPY (numeric: 392)

Unit

yen

Plural

The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.

Symbol

¥‎

Denominations

Banknotes

Freq. used

¥1,000, ¥5,000, ¥10,000

Rarely used

¥2,000

Coins

Freq. used

¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥50, ¥100, ¥500

Demographics

User(s)

Japan

Issuance

Central bank

Bank of Japan

Website

boj.or.jp

Printer

National Printing Bureau

Website

npb.go.jp

Mint

Japan Mint

Website

mint.go.jp

Valuation

Inflation

2.6% (July 2022)

Source

Statistics Bureau of Japan^[1]

The yen (Japanese: 円, symbol: ¥; code: JPY) is the official currency of Japan. It is the third-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar (US$) and the euro.^[2] It is also widely used as a third reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro.

The New Currency Act of 1871 introduced Japan’s modern currency system, with the yen defined as 1.5 g (0.048 troy ounces) of gold, or 24.26 g (0.780 troy ounces) of silver, and divided decimally into 100 sen or 1,000 rin. The yen replaced the previous Tokugawa coinage as well as the various hansatsu paper currencies issued by feudal han (fiefs). The Bank of Japan was founded in 1882 and given a monopoly on controlling the money supply.^[3]

Following World War II, the yen lost much of its prewar value. To stabilize the Japanese economy, the exchange rate of the yen was fixed at ¥360 per US$ as part of the Bretton Woods system. When that system was abandoned in 1971, the yen became undervalued and was allowed to float. The yen had appreciated to a peak of ¥271 per US$ in 1973, then underwent periods of depreciation and appreciation due to the 1973 oil crisis, arriving at a value of ¥227 per US$ by 1980.

Since 1973, the Japanese government has maintained a policy of currency intervention, so the yen is under a «dirty float» regime. The Japanese government focused on a competitive export market, and tried to ensure a low exchange rate for the yen through a trade surplus. The Plaza Accord of 1985 temporarily changed this situation; the exchange rate fell from its average of ¥239 per dollar in 1985 to ¥128 in 1988 and led to a peak rate of ¥80 against the US$ in 1995, effectively increasing the value of Japan’s GDP in dollar terms to almost that of the United States.^[4] Since that time, however, the world price of the yen has greatly decreased. The Bank of Japan maintains a policy of zero to near-zero interest rates and the Japanese government has previously had a strict anti-inflation policy.^[5]

Pronunciation and etymology[edit]

Yen derives from the Japanese word 圓 (えん, en, [eɴ]; «round»), which borrows its phonetic reading from Chinese yuan, similar to North Korean won and South Korean won. Originally, the Chinese had traded silver in mass called sycees, and when Spanish and Mexican silver coins arrived from the Philippines, the Chinese called them «silver rounds» (Chinese: 銀圓; pinyin: yínyuán) for their circular shapes.^[6] The coins and the name also appeared in Japan. While the Chinese eventually replaced 圆; 圓 with 元,^{[note 1]} the Japanese continued to use the same word, which was given the shinjitai form 円 in reforms at the end of World War II.

The spelling and pronunciation «yen» is standard in English because when Japan was first encountered by Europeans around the 16th century, Japanese /e/ (え) and /we/ (ゑ) both had been pronounced [je] and Portuguese missionaries had spelled them «ye».^{[note 2]} By the middle of the 18th century, /e/ and /we/ came to be pronounced [e] as in modern Japanese, although some regions retain the [je] pronunciation. Walter Henry Medhurst, who had neither been to Japan nor met any Japanese people, having consulted mainly a Japanese-Dutch dictionary, spelled some «e»s as «ye» in his An English and Japanese, and Japanese and English Vocabulary (1830).^[8] In the early Meiji era, James Curtis Hepburn, following Medhurst, spelled all «e»s as «ye» in his A Japanese and English dictionary (1867); in Japanese, e and i are slightly palatalized, somewhat as in Russian.^[9] That was the first full-scale Japanese-English/English-Japanese dictionary, which had a strong influence on Westerners in Japan and probably prompted the spelling «yen». Hepburn revised most «ye»s to «e» in the 3rd edition (1886)^[10] to mirror the contemporary pronunciation, except «yen».^[11] Since 1946, the spelling «yen» is depicted on Japanese banknotes.^{[citation needed]}

History[edit]

Introduction[edit]

Early silver 1-yen coin, 24.26 g fine silver, minted in 1870 (Meiji year 3)

Early one-yen coin, 1.5 g fine gold

Ōkuma Shigenobu was in charge of Japan’s fiscal and foreign policy in the early Meiji period, and he worked with Inoue Kaoru, Itō Hirobumi, and Shibusawa Eiichito run the Ministry of Finance, seeking to introduce a modern monetary system into Japan. Ōkuma proposed that coins, which were previously square, be made into circles, and that the names of the traditional currencies, ryō (両), bu (分) and shu (朱), be unified into yen (円), which was accepted by the government.^[12]

On June 27, 1871, the Meiji government officially adopted the «yen» as Japan’s modern unit of currency under the New Currency Act of 1871.^[13] While initially defined at par with the Spanish and Mexican dollars then circulating in the 19th century at 0.78 troy ounce (24.26 g) of fine silver, the yen was also defined as 1.5 grams of fine gold, considering recommendations to put the currency on the bimetallic standard. The Act also stipulated the adoption of the decimal accounting system of yen (1, 圓), sen (1⁄100, 錢), and rin (1⁄1000, 厘), with the coins being round and manufactured using Western machinery acquired from Hong Kong. The new currency was gradually introduced beginning from July of that year.

The yen replaced the complex monetary system of the Edo period in the form of Tokugawa coinage as well as the various hansatsu paper currencies issued by Japan’s feudal fiefs in an array of incompatible denominations. The former han (fiefs) became prefectures and their mints private chartered banks, which initially retained the right to print money. To bring an end to this situation, the Bank of Japan was founded in 1882 and given a monopoly on controlling the money supply.^[3]

Early 1-yen banknote (1873), engraved and printed by the Continental Bank Note Company of New York

Following the silver devaluation of 1873, the yen devalued against the US and Canadian dollars (since those two countries adhered to a gold standard), and by 1897, the yen was worth only about US$0.50. In that year, Japan adopted a gold exchange standard, defining the yen as 0.75 g fine gold or US$0.4985.^[14] This exchange rate remained in place until Japan left the gold standard in December 1931, after which the yen fell to $0.30 by July 1932 and to $0.20 by 1933.^[15] It remained steady at around $0.30 until the start of the Pacific War on December 7, 1941, at which time it fell to $0.23.^[16] The sen and the rin were eventually taken out of circulation at the end of 1953.^[17]

Fixed value of the yen to the U.S. dollar[edit]

No true exchange rate existed for the yen between December 7, 1941, and April 25, 1949; wartime inflation reduced the yen to a fraction of its prewar value. After a period of instability, on April 25, 1949, the U.S. occupation government fixed the value of the yen at ¥360 per US$ through a United States plan, which was part of the Bretton Woods system, to stabilize prices in the Japanese economy.^[18] That exchange rate was maintained until 1971, when the United States abandoned the gold standard, ending a key element of the Bretton Woods system, and setting in motion changes that eventually led to floating exchange rates in 1973.

Yen and major currencies float[edit]

By 1971, the yen had become undervalued. Japanese exports were costing too little in international markets, and imports from abroad were costing the Japanese too much. This undervaluation was reflected in the current account balance, which had risen from the deficits of the early 1960s, to a then-large surplus of US$5.8 billion in 1971. The belief that the yen, and several other major currencies, were undervalued motivated the United States’ actions in 1971.

Following the United States’ measures to devalue the dollar in the summer of 1971, the Japanese government agreed to a new, fixed exchange rate as part of the Smithsonian agreement, signed at the end of the year. This agreement set the exchange rate at ¥308 per US$. However, the new fixed rates of the Smithsonian agreement were difficult to maintain in the face of supply and demand pressures in the foreign-exchange market. In early 1973, the rates were abandoned, and the major nations of the world allowed their currencies to float.

Yen adoption in Okinawa[edit]

After World War II the United States-administered Okinawa issued a higher-valued currency called the B yen from 1946 to 1958, which was then replaced by the U.S. dollar at the rate of $1 = 120 B yen. Upon the reversion of Okinawa to Japan in 1972 the Japanese yen then replaced the dollar. In light of the dollar’s reduction in value from ¥360 to ¥308 just before the reversion, an unannounced «currency confirmation» took place on October 9, 1971, wherein residents disclosed their dollar holdings in cash and bank accounts; dollars held that day amounting to US$60 million were entitled for conversion in 1972 at a higher rate of ¥360.^[19]

Japanese government intervention in the currency market[edit]

In the 1970s, Japanese government and business people were very concerned that a rise in the value of the yen would hurt export growth by making Japanese products less competitive and would damage the industrial base. The government, therefore, continued to intervene heavily in foreign-exchange marketing (buying or selling dollars), even after the 1973 decision to allow the yen to float.^[20]

Despite intervention, market pressures caused the yen to continue climbing in value, peaking temporarily at an average of ¥271 per US$ in 1973, before the impact of the 1973 oil crisis was felt. The increased costs of imported oil caused the yen to depreciate to a range of ¥290 per US$ to ¥300 per US$ between 1974 and 1976. The re-emergence of trade surpluses drove the yen back up to ¥211 in 1978. This currency strengthening was again reversed by the second oil shock in 1979, with the yen dropping to ¥227 per US$ by 1980.^[20]

Yen in the early 1980s[edit]

During the first half of the 1980s, the yen failed to rise in value, though current account surpluses returned and grew quickly. From ¥221 per US$ in 1981, the average value of the yen actually dropped to ¥239 per US$ in 1985. The rise in the current account surplus generated stronger demand for yen in foreign-exchange markets, but this trade-related demand for yen was offset by other factors. A wide differential in interest rates, with United States interest rates much higher than those in Japan, and the continuing moves to deregulate the international flow of capital, led to a large net outflow of capital from Japan. This capital flow increased the supply of yen in foreign-exchange markets, as Japanese investors changed their yen for other currencies (mainly dollars) to invest overseas. This kept the yen weak relative to the dollar and fostered the rapid rise in the Japanese trade surplus that took place in the 1980s.

Effect of the Plaza Accord[edit]

In 1985, a dramatic change began. Finance officials from major nations signed an agreement (the Plaza Accord) affirming that the dollar was overvalued (and, therefore, the yen undervalued). This agreement, and shifting supply and demand pressures in the markets, led to a rapid rise in the value of the yen. From its average of ¥239 per US$ in 1985, the yen rose to a peak of ¥128 in 1988, virtually doubling its value relative to the dollar. After declining somewhat in 1989 and 1990, it reached a new high of ¥123 to US$ in December 1992. In April 1995, the yen hit a peak of under 80 yen/US$, temporarily making Japan’s economy nearly the size of that of the US.^[21]

Post-bubble years[edit]

The yen declined during the Japanese asset price bubble and continued to do so afterwards, reaching a low of ¥134 to US$ in February 2002. The Bank of Japan’s policy of zero interest rates has discouraged yen investments, with the carry trade of investors borrowing yen and investing in better-paying currencies (thus further pushing down the yen) estimated to be as large as $1 trillion.^[22] In February 2007, The Economist estimated that the yen was 15% undervalued against the dollar, and as much as 40% undervalued against the euro.^[23]

After the global economic crisis of 2008[edit]

Comparison of the GNP-weighted nominal exchange rates: CHF and JPY versus CNY, EUR, USD, and GBP

However, this trend of depreciation reversed after the global economic crisis of 2008. Other major currencies, except the Swiss franc, have been declining relative to the yen.

On April 4, 2013, the Bank of Japan announced that they would expand their asset purchase program by $1.4 trillion in two years. The Bank of Japan hopes to bring Japan from deflation to inflation, aiming for 2% inflation. The number of purchases is so large that it is expected to double the money supply, but this move has sparked concerns that the authorities in Japan are deliberately devaluing the yen to boost exports.^[24] However, the commercial sector in Japan worried that the devaluation would trigger an increase in import prices, especially for energy and raw materials.

Redenomination proposals[edit]

Numerous proposals have been made since the 1990s to redenominate the yen by introducing a new unit or new yen, equal to 100 yen, and nearly worth one U.S. dollar. This has not happened to date, since the yen remains trusted globally despite its low unit value, and due to the huge costs of reissuing new currency and updating currency-reading hardware. The negative impact of postponing upgrades to various computer software until redenomination occurs, in particular, was also cited.^[25]

Coins[edit]

Gold 20-yen coin, 1870, 33.33 grams of 90% fine gold, fine gold content 0.9645 troy ounce^[26]

Early 1-yen coin, 26.96 grams of 90% fine silver, Japan, Meiji year 34 (1901)

Coins were introduced in 1870, in silver 5, 10, 20 and 50 sen and 1 yen, and gold 2, 5, 10 and 20 yen. Gold 1 yen were introduced in 1871, followed by copper 1 rin, 1⁄2, 1 and 2 sen in 1873.

Cupronickel 5 sen coins were introduced in 1889. In 1897, the silver 1 yen coin was demonetized and the sizes of the gold coins were reduced by 50%, with 5, 10 and 20 yen coins issued. After 1920, all previous series of silver coins were discontinued in favor of cupro-nickel 10 sen and reduced-size silver 50 sen coins.

Production of silver 50 sen coins ceased in 1938, after which a variety of base metals were used to produce 1, 5 and 10 sen coins during the Second World War. Clay 5 and 10 sen coins were produced in 1945, but not issued for circulation.

After the war, brass 50 sen, 1 and 5 yen were introduced between 1946 and 1948. The current-type holed brass 5 yen was introduced in 1949, the bronze 10 yen in 1951, and the aluminum 1 yen in 1955.

Coins in denominations of less than 1 yen became invalid on December 31, 1953, following enforcement of the Small Currency Disposition and Fractional Rounding in Payments Act (小額通貨の整理及び支払金の端数計算に関する法律, Shōgaku tsūka no seiri oyobi shiharaikin no hasūkeisan ni kan suru hōritsu).

In 1955 the first unholed, nickel 50 yen was introduced. In 1957, silver 100 yen pieces were introduced, followed by the holed 50 yen coin in 1959. These were replaced in 1967 by the current cupro-nickel 100 yen along with a smaller 50 yen.^[27]

In 1982, the first cupronickel 500 yen coin was introduced. Alongside with the 5 Swiss franc coin, the 500 yen coin is one of the highest-valued coin to be used regularly in the world, with value of US$4.5 as of October 2017. Because of its high face value, the 500 yen coin has been a favorite target for counterfeiters, resulting in the issuance in 2000 of the second nickel-brass 500 yen coin with added security features. Continued counterfeiting of the latter resulted in the issuance in 2021 of the third bi-metallic 500 yen coin with more improvements in security features.

The observe side of all coins shows the coin’s value in kanji as well as the country name (through 1945, Dai Nippon (大日本, «Great Japan»); after 1945, Nippon-koku (日本国, «State of Japan») (except for the current 5-yen coin with the country name on the reverse). The reverse side of all coins shows the year of mintage, which is not shown in Gregorian calendar years, but instead in the regnal year of the current emperor’s reign. For reference:

Coins minted in 1900 bear the year 明治 (Meiji) 33, the 33rd year of Emperor Meiji’s reign
Coins minted in 1920 bear the year 大正 (Taisho) 9, the 9th year of Emperor Taisho’s reign
Coins minted in 1980 bear the year 昭和 (Showa) 55, the 55th year of Emperor Hirohito’s reign
Coins minted in 2000 bear the year 平成 (Heisei) 12, the 12th year of Emperor Akihito’s reign
Coins minted in 2020 bear the year 令和 (Reiwa) 2, the 2nd year of Emperor Naruhito’s reign

Currently circulating coins^[28]
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of first minting
Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse
	¥1	20 mm	1.5 mm	1 g	100% aluminium	Smooth	Young tree, state title, value	Value, year of minting	1955
	¥5	22 mm	1.5 mm	3.75 g	60–70% copper 30–40% zinc	Smooth	Ear of Rice, gear, water, value	State title, year of minting	1959
	¥10	23.5 mm	1.5 mm	4.5 g	95% copper 3–4% zinc 1–2% tin	Reeded	Phoenix Hall, Byōdō-in, state title, value	Evergreen tree, value, year of minting	1951 (rarely)
Smooth	1959
	¥50	21 mm	1.7 mm	4 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Reeded	Chrysanthemum, state title, value	Value, year of minting	1967
	¥100	22.6 mm	1.7 mm	4.8 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Reeded	Cherry blossoms, state title, value	Value, year of minting	1967
	¥500	26.5 mm	1.85 mm	7.2 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Lettered	Paulownia, state title, value	Bamboo, Mandarin orange, Value, year of minting	1982
	¥500	26.5 mm	2 mm	7 g	(Nickel-brass) 72% copper 20% zinc 8% nickel	Reeded slantingly	Paulownia, state title, value	Bamboo, Mandarin orange, Value, year of minting	2000
	¥500	26.5 mm	1.81 mm	7.1 g	Bi-metallic (75% copper 12.5% zinc 12.5% nickel)	Reeded helically	Paulownia, state title, value	Bamboo, Mandarin orange, Value, year of minting	2021
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Due to the great differences in style, size, weight and the pattern present on the edge of the coin they are easy for people with visual impairments to tell apart from one another.

	Unholed	Holed
Smooth edge	¥1 (light) ¥10 (medium)	¥5
Reeded edge	¥100 (medium) ¥500 (heavy)	¥50

Commemorative coins have been minted on various occasions in base metal, silver and gold.^[29] The first of these were silver ¥100 and ¥1,000 Summer Olympic coins issued for the 1964 games. The largest issuance by denomination and total face value were 10 million gold coins of ¥100,000 denomination for the 60th anniversary of reign of the Shōwa Emperor in 1986, totalling ¥1 trillion and utilizing 200,000 kg fine gold. ¥500 commemorative coins have been regularly issued since 1985. In 2008 commemorative ¥500 and ¥1,000 coins were issued featuring Japan’s 47 prefectures. Even though all commemorative coins can be spent like ordinary (non-commemorative) coins, they do not normally circulate, and ¥100,000 coins are treated with caution due to the discovery of counterfeits.^[30]

The 1 yen coin is made out of 100% aluminum and can float on water if placed correctly.

Banknotes[edit]

The issuance of yen banknotes began in 1872, two years after the currency was introduced. Denominations have ranged from 1 yen to 10,000 yen; since 1984, the lowest-valued banknote is the 1,000 yen note. Before and during World War II, various bodies issued banknotes in yen, such as the Ministry of Finance and the Imperial Japanese National Bank. The Allied forces also issued some notes shortly after the war. Since then, the Bank of Japan has been the exclusive note issuing authority. The bank has issued five series after World War II.

Japan is generally considered a cash-based society, with 38% of payments in Japan made by cash in 2014.^[31] Possible explanations are that cash payments protect one’s privacy, merchants do not have to wait for payment, and it does not carry any negative connotation like credit.

At present, portraits of people from the Meiji period and later are printed on Japanese bank notes. The reason for this is that from the viewpoint of preventing forgery, it is desirable to use a precise photograph as an original rather than a painting for a portrait.^[32]^[33]

Series E banknotes[edit]

Series E banknotes were introduced in 2004 in ¥1000, ¥5000, and ¥10,000 denominations. The EURion constellation pattern is present in the designs.

Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description	Series	Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse
		¥1000	150 × 76 mm	Blue	Hideyo Noguchi	Mount Fuji, Lake Motosu and cherry blossoms	Series E	November 1, 2004
		¥2000	154 × 76 mm	Green	Shureimon	The Tale of Genji and portrait of Murasaki Shikibu	Series D	July 19, 2000
		¥5000	156 × 76 mm	Purple	Ichiyō Higuchi	Kakitsubata-zu (Painting of irises, a work by Ogata Kōrin)	Series E	November 1, 2004
		¥10,000	160 × 76 mm	Brown	Fukuzawa Yukichi	Statue of hōō (phoenix) from Byōdō-in Temple	Series E	November 1, 2004

Series F banknotes[edit]

On April 9, 2019, Finance Minister Tarō Asō announced new designs for Series F banknotes ¥1000, ¥5000, and ¥10,000 notes, for use beginning in 2024.^[34] The ¥1000 bill will feature Kitasato Shibasaburō and The Great Wave off Kanagawa, the ¥5000 bill will feature Tsuda Umeko and Wisteria flowers, and the ¥10,000 bill will feature Shibusawa Eiichi and Tokyo Station. The Ministry decided to not redesign the ¥2000 note due to low circulation.

Series F (2024, scheduled)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description	Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse
		¥1000	150 × 76 mm	Blue	Kitasato Shibasaburō	The Great Wave off Kanagawa (from Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji series by Hokusai)	2024, scheduled
		¥5000	156 × 76 mm	Purple	Umeko Tsuda	Wisteria flowers
		¥10,000	160 × 76 mm	Brown	Shibusawa Eiichi	Tokyo Station (Marunouchi side)

Determinants of value[edit]

Most traded currencies by value
Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover^[35]

Rank	Currency	ISO 4217 code	Symbol or abbreviation	Proportion of daily volume, April 2019	Proportion of daily volume, April 2022
1	U.S. dollar	USD	US$	88.3%	88.5%
2	Euro	EUR	€	32.3%	30.5%
3	Japanese yen	JPY	¥ / 円	16.8%	16.7%
4	Sterling	GBP	£	12.8%	12.9%
5	Renminbi	CNY	¥ / 元	4.3%	7.0%
6	Australian dollar	AUD	A$	6.8%	6.4%
7	Canadian dollar	CAD	C$	5.0%	6.2%
8	Swiss franc	CHF	CHF	5.0%	5.2%
9	Hong Kong dollar	HKD	HK$	3.5%	2.6%
10	Singapore dollar	SGD	S$	1.8%	2.4%
11	Swedish krona	SEK	kr	2.0%	2.2%
12	South Korean won	KRW	₩ / 원	2.0%	1.9%
13	Norwegian krone	NOK	kr	1.8%	1.7%
14	New Zealand dollar	NZD	NZ$	2.1%	1.7%
15	Indian rupee	INR	₹	1.7%	1.6%
16	Mexican peso	MXN	$	1.7%	1.5%
17	New Taiwan dollar	TWD	NT$	0.9%	1.1%
18	South African rand	ZAR	R	1.1%	1.0%
19	Brazilian real	BRL	R$	1.1%	0.9%
20	Danish krone	DKK	kr	0.6%	0.7%
21	Polish złoty	PLN	zł	0.6%	0.7%
22	Thai baht	THB	฿	0.5%	0.4%
23	Israeli new shekel	ILS	₪	0.3%	0.4%
24	Indonesian rupiah	IDR	Rp	0.4%	0.4%
25	Czech koruna	CZK	Kč	0.4%	0.4%
26	UAE dirham	AED	د.إ	0.2%	0.4%
27	Turkish lira	TRY	₺	1.1%	0.4%
28	Hungarian forint	HUF	Ft	0.4%	0.3%
29	Chilean peso	CLP	CLP$	0.3%	0.3%
30	Saudi riyal	SAR	﷼	0.2%	0.2%
31	Philippine peso	PHP	₱	0.3%	0.2%
32	Malaysian ringgit	MYR	RM	0.1%	0.2%
33	Colombian peso	COP	COL$	0.2%	0.2%
34	Russian ruble	RUB	₽	1.1%	0.2%
35	Romanian leu	RON	L	0.1%	0.1%
…	Other		2.2%	2.5%
Total^{[note 3]}	200.0%	200.0%

Beginning in December 1931, Japan gradually shifted from the gold standard system to the managed currency system.^[36]

The relative value of the yen is determined in foreign exchange markets by the economic forces of supply and demand. The supply of the yen in the market is governed by the desire of yen holders to exchange their yen for other currencies to purchase goods, services, or assets. The demand for the yen is governed by the desire of foreigners to buy goods and services in Japan and by their interest in investing in Japan (buying yen-denominated real and financial assets).

Since the 1990s, the Bank of Japan, the country’s central bank, has kept interest rates low to spur economic growth. Short-term lending rates have responded to this monetary relaxation and fell from 3.7% to 1.3% between 1993 and 2008.^[37] Low interest rates combined with a ready liquidity for the yen prompted investors to borrow money in Japan and invest it in other countries (a practice known as carry trade). This has helped to keep the value of the yen low compared to other currencies.^{[citation needed]}

International reserve currency[edit]

The special drawing rights (SDR) valuation is an IMF basket of the world’s major reserve currencies, including the Japanese yen. Its share of 8.33% as of 2016 has declined from 18% as of 2000.^[38]

The percental composition of currencies of official foreign exchange reserves from 1995 to 2021.^[39]^[40]^[41]

Historical exchange rate[edit]

Before the war commenced, the yen traded on an average of 3.6 yen to the dollar. After the war the yen went as low as 600 yen per USD in 1947, as a result of currency overprinting in order to fund the war, and afterwards to fund the reconstruction.

When MacArthur and the US forces entered Japan in 1945, they decreed an official conversion rate of 15 yen to the USD. Within 1945–1946: the rate tanked to 50 yen to the USD because of the ongoing inflation. During the first half of 1946, the rate fluctuated to 66 yen to the USD and eventually plummeting to 600 yen to the dollar by 1947 because of the failure of the economic remedies. Eventually, the peg was officially moved to 270 yen to the dollar in 1948 before being adjusted again from 1949 to 1971 to 360 yen to the dollar.

Beginning in 2022 the Yen rate has become increasingly weaker with each passing month. The reasoning behind this is the US moving towards higher interest rates, while Japan remains «ultra-low». Other factors include the strength of the US economy and its labor market, while Japan continues to lag behind its peers to bring its economy back to its pre-pandemic size. Japan’s trade balance staying in the red is also likely feeding into the weaker yen.^[42]

The table below shows the monthly average of the U.S. dollar–yen spot rate (JPY per USD) at 17:00 JST:^[43]^[44]^[45]

Year	Month
Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1949–1971	360
1972	308
1973	301.15	270.00	265.83	265.50	264.95	265.30	263.45	265.30	265.70	266.68	279.00	280.00
1974	299.00	287.60	276.00	279.75	281.90	284.10	297.80	302.70	298.50	299.85	300.10	300.95
1975	297.85	286.60	293.80	293.30	291.35	296.35	297.35	297.90	302.70	301.80	303.00	305.15
1976	303.70	302.25	299.70	299.40	299.95	297.40	293.40	288.76	287.30	293.70	296.45	293.00
1977	288.25	283.25	277.30	277.50	277.30	266.50	266.30	267.43	264.50	250.65	244.20	240.00
1978	241.74	238.83	223.40	223.90	223.15	204.50	190.80	190.00	189.15	176.05	197.80	195.10
1979	201.40	202.35	209.30	219.15	219.70	217.00	216.90	220.05	223.45	237.80	249.50	239.90
1980	237.73	244.07	248.61	251.45	228.06	218.11	220.91	224.34	214.95	209.21	212.99	209.79
1981	202.19	205.76	208.84	215.07	220.78	224.21	232.11	233.62	229.83	231.40	223.76	219.02
1982	224.55	235.25	240.64	244.90	236.97	251.11	255.10	258.67	262.74	271.33	265.02	242.49
1983	232.90	236.27	237.92	237.70	234.78	240.06	240.49	244.36	242.71	233.00	235.25	234.34
1984	233.95	233.67	225.52	224.95	230.67	233.29	242.72	242.24	245.19	246.89	243.29	247.96
1985	254.11	260.34	258.43	251.67	251.57	248.95	241.70	237.20	236.91	214.84	203.85	202.75
1986	200.05	184.62	178.83	175.56	166.89	167.82	158.65	154.11	154.78	156.04	162.72	162.13
1987	154.48	153.49	151.56	142.96	140.47	144.52	150.20	147.57	143.03	143.48	135.25	128.25
1988	127.44	129.26	127.23	124.88	124.74	127.20	133.10	133.63	134.45	128.85	123.16	123.63
1989	127.24	127.77	130.35	132.01	138.40	143.92	140.63	141.20	145.06	141.99	143.55	143.62
1990	145.09	145.54	153.19	158.50	153.52	153.78	149.23	147.46	138.96	129.73	129.01	133.72
1991	133.65	130.44	137.09	137.15	138.02	139.83	137.98	136.85	134.59	130.81	129.64	128.07
1992	125.05	127.53	132.75	133.59	130.55	126.90	125.66	126.34	122.72	121.14	123.84	123.98
1993	125.02	120.97	117.02	112.37	110.23	107.29	107.77	103.72	105.27	106.94	107.81	109.72
1994	111.49	106.14	105.12	103.48	104.00	102.69	098.54	099.86	098.79	098.40	098.00	100.17
1995	099.79	098.23	090.77	083.53	085.21	084.54	087.24	094.56	100.31	100.68	101.89	101.86
1996	105.81	105.70	105.85	107.40	106.49	108.82	109.25	107.84	109.76	112.30	112.27	113.74
1997	118.18	123.01	122.66	125.47	118.91	114.31	115.10	117.89	120.74	121.13	125.35	129.52
1998	129.45	125.85	128.83	131.81	135.08	140.35	140.66	144.76	134.50	121.33	120.61	117.40
1999	113.14	116.73	119.71	119.66	122.14	120.81	119.76	113.30	107.45	106.00	104.83	102.61
2000	105.21	109.34	106.62	105.35	108.13	106.13	107.90	108.02	106.75	108.34	108.87	112.21
2001	117.10	116.10	121.21	123.77	121.83	122.19	124.63	121.53	118.91	121.32	122.33	127.32
2002	132.66	133.53	131.15	131.01	126.39	123.44	118.08	119.03	120.49	123.88	121.54	122.17
2003	118.67	119.29	118.49	119.82	117.26	118.27	118.65	118.81	115.09	109.58	109.18	107.87
2004	106.39	106.54	108.57	107.31	112.27	109.45	109.34	110.41	110.05	108.90	104.86	103.82
2005	103.27	104.84	105.30	107.35	106.94	108.62	111.94	110.65	111.03	114.84	118.45	118.60
2006	115.33	117.81	117.31	117.13	111.53	114.57	115.59	115.86	117.02	118.59	117.33	117.26
2007	120.59	120.49	117.29	118.81	120.77	122.64	121.56	116.74	115.01	115.77	111.24	112.28
2008	107.60	107.18	100.83	102.41	104.11	106.86	106.76	109.24	106.71	100.20	096.89	091.21
2009	090.35	092.53	097.83	098.92	096.43	096.58	094.49	094.90	091.40	090.28	089.11	089.52
2010	091.26	090.28	090.56	093.43	091.79	090.89	087.67	085.44	084.31	081.80	082.43	083.38
2011	082.63	082.52	081.82	083.34	081.23	080.49	079.44	077.09	076.78	076.72	077.50	077.81
2012	076.94	078.47	082.37	081.42	079.70	079.27	078.96	078.68	078.17	078.97	080.92	083.60
2013	089.15	093.07	094.73	097.74	101.01	097.52	099.66	097.83	099.30	097.73	100.04	103.42
2014	103.94	102.02	102.30	102.54	101.78	102.05	101.73	102.95	107.16	108.03	116.24	119.29
2015	118.25	118.59	120.37	119.57	120.82	123.7	123.31	123.17	120.13	119.99	122.58	121.78
2016	118.18	115.01	113.05	109.72	109.24	105.44	103.97	101.28	101.99	103.81	108.33	116.01
2017	114.69	113.13	113.02	110.08	112.24	110.89	112.50	109.90	110.67	112.94	112.89	112.96
2018	110.74	107.90	106.01	107.49	109.74	110.02	111.41	111.06	111.91	112.81	113.36	112.38
2019	108.97	110.36	111.22	111.63	109.76	108.07	108.23	106.34	107.40	108.12	108.88	109.18
2020	109.38	109.96	107.67	107.83	107.23	107.64	106.76	106.00	105.61	105.21	104.30	103.75
2021	103.79	105.44	108.81	109.10	109.17	110.12	110.26	109.85	110.15	113.14	113.99	113.84
2022	114.84	115.24	118.67	126.31	128.82	134.10	136.39
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Month

JPY/USD exchange rate since 1950

JPY/USD exchange rate in the Heisei and Reiwa eras

JPY/CAD exchange rate

JPY/EUR exchange rate

JPY/GBP exchange rate

JPY/CHF exchange rate

JPY/AUD exchange rate

JPY/NZD exchange rate

JPY/ZAR exchange rate

JPY/CNY exchange rate

KRW/JPY exchange rate

JPY/INR exchange rate

Current JPY exchange rates
From Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD USD KRW EUR USD
From Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD USD KRW EUR USD
From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD USD KRW EUR USD
From OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD USD KRW EUR USD

Notes[edit]

^ 元; yuán is not a simplified form of 圆; 圓; yuán, but a completely different character. One of the reasons for replacements is said to be that the previous character had too many strokes.^[6] Both characters have the same pronunciation in Mandarin, but not in Japanese. In 1695, certain Japanese coins were issued whose surface has the character gen (元), but this is an abbreviation of the era name Genroku (元禄).
^ It is known that in ancient Japanese there were distinct syllables /e/ /we/ /je/. From middle of the 10th century, /e/ (え) had merged with /je/, and both were pronounced [je], while a kana for /je/ had disappeared. Around the 13th century, /we/ (ゑ) and /e/ ceased to be distinguished (in pronunciation, but not in writing system) and both came to be pronounced [je].^[7]
^ The total sum is 200% because each currency trade always involves a currency pair; one currency is sold (e.g. US$) and another bought (€). Therefore each trade is counted twice, once under the sold currency ($) and once under the bought currency (€). The percentages above are the percent of trades involving that currency regardless of whether it is bought or sold, e.g. the US dollar is bought or sold in 88% of all trades, whereas the euro is bought or sold 32% of the time.

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

^ «Statistics Bureau Home Page/Consumer Price Index». Stat.go.jp. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
^ «Foreign exchange turnover in April 2013: preliminary global results» (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Mitsura Misawa (2007). Cases on International Business and Finance in Japanese Corporations. Hong Kong University Press. p. 152.
^ «ECONOMIC SUPERPOWERS AT ODDS: As Yen rises, Japanese and U.S. GDPs Go Head-to-Head, A forecast that Japan’s economy will surpass America’s by 2000 almost came true on April 19». Los Angeles Times. May 8, 1995. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
^ «History of Japanese Yen». Currency History. August 24, 2014.
^ ^a ^b Ryuzo Mikami [ja], an article about the yen in Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, Kato Shuichi(ed.), Vol. 3, Tokyo: Heibonsha, 2007.
^ S. Hashimoto (1950). 国語音韻の変遷 [The History of Japanese Phonology] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
^ Medhurst (1830), p. 296.
^ Hepburn (1867).
^ «明治学院大学図書館 – 和英語林集成デジタルアーカイブス». www.meijigakuin.ac.jp. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
^ 明治学院大学図書館 – 和英語林集成デジタルアーカイブス (in Japanese). Meijigakuin.ac.jp. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
^ 日本の通貨はなぜ「円」なのか大隈重信と新1万円札・渋沢栄一【前編】 (in Japanese). Waseda University. October 21, 2019. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
^ A. Piatt Andrew, Quarterly Journal of Economics, «The End of the Mexican Dollar», 18:3:321–356, 1904, p. 345
^ «EH.Net Encyclopedia: Gold Standard». Archived from the original on November 24, 2005. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
^ pp. 347–348, «Average Exchange Rate: Banking and the Money Market», Japan Year Book 1933, Kenkyusha Press, Foreign Association of Japan, Tokyo
^ pp. 332–333, «Exchange and Interest Rates», Japan Year Book 1938–1939, Kenkyusha Press, Foreign Association of Japan, Tokyo
^ A law of the abolition of currencies in a small denomination and rounding off a fraction, July 15, 1953, Law No.60 (小額通貨の整理及び支払金の端数計算に関する法律, Shōgakutsūka no seiri oyobi shiharaikin no hasūkeisan ni kansuru hōritsu))
^ p. 1179, «Japan – Money, Weights and Measures», The Statesman’s Year-Book 1950, Steinberg, S. H., Macmillan, New York
^ Shimbun-, The Yomiuri (January 25, 2022). «50 years on / Shift from dollar to yen triggered upheaval in Okinawa». japannews.yomiuri.co.jp. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Nanto, Dick K., Japan’s Currency Intervention: Policy Issues, RL33178; Congressional Research Service, 2007
https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL33178.pdf
^ Hongo, Jun (September 13, 2011). «Despite mounting debt, yen still a safe haven». The Japan Times. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
^ Kambayashi, Satoshi (February 1, 2007). «What keeps bankers awake at night?». The Economist. London. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. (Note: archive contains original version of article in full)
^ Kambayashi, Satoshi (February 8, 2007). «Carry on living dangerously». The Economist. London. Archived from the original on February 11, 2007. (Note: archive contains original version of article in full)
^ «Japan aims to jump-start economy with $1.4tn of quantitative easing». The Guardian. April 4, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
^ «Coalition sets up talks on yen’s redenomination. — Free Online Library».
^ Cuhaj, George S., ed. (2009). Standard Catalog of World Coins 1801–1900 (6 ed.). Krause. p. 862. ISBN 978-0-89689-940-7.
^ Japan Mint. «Number of Coin Production (calendar year)». Archived from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved September 7, 2006.
^ «Operations Coins Presently Minted: Japan Mint». Retrieved December 8, 2022.
^ Japan Mint. «Commemorative Coins issued up to now». Archived from the original on November 9, 2006. Retrieved September 7, 2006.
^ Sanger, David E.; Times, Special To the New York (February 8, 1990). «Fake Coins Embarrass The Japanese». The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
^ Soble, Jonathan (February 28, 2014). «Cash remains king in Japan». Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022.
^ 紙幣の肖像の選定理由を教えてください (in Japanese). Ministry of Finance. Japan. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021.
^ 紙幣肖像の変遷（2019年4月） (in Japanese). Jiji Press. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021.
^ «Japan announces new ¥10,000, ¥5,000 and ¥1,000 bank notes as Reiwa Era looms». Japan Times. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
^ «Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022» (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. October 27, 2022. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 27, 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
^ Japan Mint. «75th anniversary of Japan’s shift from gold standard to managed currency system». Archived from the original on November 7, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
^ Bank of Japan: «Statistics» Archived October 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. 2008.
^ «IMF Launches New SDR Basket Including Chinese Renminbi, Determines New Currency Amounts». IMF. September 30, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
^ For 1995–99, 2006–21: «Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER)». Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. December 16, 2022.
^ For 1999–2005: International Relations Committee Task Force on Accumulation of Foreign Reserves (February 2006), The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves (PDF), Occasional Paper Series, Nr. 43, Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank, ISSN 1607-1484ISSN 1725-6534 (online).
^ Review of the International Role of the Euro (PDF), Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank, December 2005, ISSN 1725-2210ISSN 1725-6593 (online).
^ «Why Japan’s Yen Is the Weakest in 20 Years and What That Means». Bloomberg News. June 10, 2022.
^ Bank of Japan: «Foreign Exchange Rates». 2006. Archived June 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^ Bank of Japan: US.Dollar/Yen Spot Rate at 17:00 in JST, Average in the Month, Tokyo Market Archived June 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine for duration January 1980 ~ September 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2016
^ «US Dollar to Japanese Yen Spot Exchange Rates for 2021». www.exchangerates.org.uk. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

Sources[edit]

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Japan: A Country Study. Federal Research Division.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 日本円.

Look up JPY, JP¥, JP円, or 円 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Japanese currency FAQ in Currency Museum, Bank of Japan
Images of historic and modern Japanese bank notes
Catalog of the coins of Japan (Numista)
Chart: US dollar in yen) (in German)
Chart: 100 yen in euros (in German)
Historical Currency Converter Estimates the historical value of the yen into other currencies

Preceded by:
Japanese mon

Currency of Japan
1870 –

Succeeded by:
Current

Источник

йен — перевод на английский

Йен, что это?

Ian, what is it?

Йен, вот сапоги.

BARBARA: Ian, there are your boots.

Обрати внимание как уложены блоки, Йен.

Look at the joins in the blocks, Ian.

Йен, подожди минуту.

Ian, wait a minute.

Извини, Йен, но мы ничего не можем поделать.

I’m sorry, Ian, there’s nothing we can do.

Показать ещё примеры для «ian»…

У меня нет даже 5 йен.

I wouldn’t get five yen for this stuff.

Он никогда не одолжит мне 300 йен без особой причины.

He’d never lend me 300 yen. Not without good reason.

Они могли легко списать эти 300 йен.

After everything I’ve done for them, they can’t write off 300 yen?

— Здесь 300 йен, как я обещал.

Three hundred yen as promised.

Он сказал, что надо около 200 йен.

He says about 200 yen.

Показать ещё примеры для «yen»…

Йен МакКензи, ортопед,

Lan McKenzie, podiatrist.

Я в порядке, Йен.

I’m fine, lan.

Йен, немного опусти свой конец.

Down a bit your end, lan.

Йен, я могу.

No. I’ll get one of the members to do it. Lan, I can do it.

Показать ещё примеры для «lan»…

Йен, проводи сюда Тая.

Yan escort the Thais here

Йен, сколько ты уже работаешь на меня?

Yan How long have you worked for me?

Йен, из всех братьев, я доверяю тебе больше всего.

Yan Of all the brothers, I trust you the most

Босс, Йен вернулся.

Boss, Yan is back

Показать ещё примеры для «yan»…

Отправить комментарий

Источник

Предложения:
йена

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «Йен» на английский

Ian

Iain

Jähn

Yeen

Lan

Yan

Somerhalder

Yuen

Jen

Но Йен не сдастся легко и добьется чего-то удивительного.

But Ian won’t give up easily and will achieve something amazing.

Хорошо. Йен провёл диагностику взлома.

Ian’s been running diagnostics on the hack.

Зигмунд Йен — первый немец, побывавший в космосе.

In 1978, Sigmund Jähn was the first German cosmonaut in space.

Этот Йен знает, как соблазнить девушку.

This Ian really knows how to woo a girl.

Я приду через минуту, Йен.

I’ll be out in a minute, Ian.

Я видел сумку что Йен дал ей.

And I saw the bag that ian gave her.

Девчонки, Йен шпионил за всеми нами.

But you guys, Ian was watching all of us.

Йен сказал, это я виновата.

Ian told me it was all my fault.

Моя мама и Йен собирались пойти в больницу вместе после ланча.

My mother and Ian were going to go to the hospital together after lunch.

Йен, я зная как держать розы.

Ian, I know how to hold a rose.

Они порезали его ножом, Йен.

They used a knife on them, Ian.

Обрати внимание как уложены блоки, Йен.

Look at the joins in the blocks, Ian.

Прости, Йен, я не совершаю никаких плаваний сейчас.

Sorry, Ian, I’m not taking any charters right now.

Йен, ты всегда говорил, что это наука нанометров.

Ian, you’ve always said this is a science of nanometres.

Майкл и Йен, самая счастливая пара во вселенной.

Michael and Ian, the happiest couple in the entire universe.

Йен будет так рад видеть тебя.

Ian will be so pleased to see you.

Может быть, девушку столкнул не Йен.

I’m saying maybe it wasn’t Ian who pushed that girl.

Йен может прятаться в соседнем доме.

Ian might be hiding out next door to my house.

Ты готовил завтрак посреди ночи, Йен.

You were making breakfast in the middle of the night, Ian.

Не знаю, этим занимался Йен.

I don’t know, Ian had a way of finding things.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 2888. Точных совпадений: 2888. Затраченное время: 256 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Источник

иена, страсть, сильное желание, жаждать, стремиться

существительное ↓

- иена (японская денежная единица)

yen denominated — выраженный в иенах
2000 yen in silver — 2000 йен серебром; 2000 иен серебром
rate of the yen — курс иены

- разг. страсть, неудержимое желание

to have a yen — иметь желание сделать что-л.
a yen for far-off places — страсть к путешествиям
to have a yen for smth. — разг. страшно хотеть /желать/ чего-л.
a yen for drugs — наркомания

глагол

- разг. жаждать (чего-л.), неудержимо стремиться (к чему-л.)

Мои примеры

Примеры с переводом

She had a yen to go bowling.

Она очень хотела поиграть в боулинг.

She’d always had a yen to write a book.

Она всегда жаждала написать книгу.

Формы слова

noun
ед. ч.(singular): yen
мн. ч.(plural): yen

Источник

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jɛn/
Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1[edit]

From Medhurst^[1] and Hepburn’s^[2] romanizations, under the influence of earlier Portuguese romanizations, of Japanese 圓 (“round; a round object”) as ye or yen, now 円 (en), from Chinese 銀圓／银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”): 銀／银 (“silver”) + 圓／圆 (“circular, round; yuan, yen, dollar”).^[3] Cognate with Chinese 元 (yuán, “monetary unit, especially RMB”) and Korean 원 (won, “North or South Korean won”). Doublet of won and yuan.

Noun[edit]

yen (plural yen)

The unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen.
- 1872 February 24, “The Export of Rice”, in The Japan Weekly Mail: A Political, Commercial, and Literary Journal, volume III, number 8, Yokohama: ジャパンメール新聞社 = Japan Meru Shinbunsha, OCLC 931924335, page 95, column 1:
  
  Passing by those clauses of it which demand no notice, we arrive at that which provides that «each proposal (for purchase) must state the price per picul of rice in gold yen.» But why in gold yen, a coin as yet so scarce as to be almost beyond the ken of the foreign merchant?
- 1906 March 28, G[opal] K[rishna] Gokhale, “Budget Speech, 1906”, in Speeches of the Honourable Mr. G. K. Gokhale, C.I.E., Madras: Published by G[anapathi] A[graharam] Natesan & Co., Esplanade, published [1908], OCLC 19902031, pages 171–172:
  
  Does any one however believe that Japan’s glorious achievements would have been possible, if the Government of that country had merely poured money like water on its standing battalions, unaugmented by reserves, and the magnificent spirit of every man, woman and child in that country had not been behind the Army to support it? Japan’s ordinary budget for the Army is only about 37.3 millions yen, or a little under six crores of rupees.
- 2011, Rei Kimura, chapter 7, in Japanese Orchid, [Bangkok?]: Bangkok Books, →ISBN, page 38:
  
  Taking the cue from his neighbours, Paul fed three 1000 yen notes into a machine beside the TV screen and the silent screen immediately exploded into a kaleidoscope of colours and instructions in Japanese below at least twenty pictures of sexy girls. […] Paul hesitated staring intently at the screen and the waiting girl while the 3,000 yen he had fed into the machine steadily dwindled at the rate of 50 yen a minute.
A coin or note worth one yen.
- 2003, Richard Werner, “Preface”, in Princes of the Yen: Japan’s Central Bankers and the Transformation of the Economy, Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN:
  
  When banks lend, they create money out of nothing, without withdrawing it from other parts of the economy. This way, fiscal policy would not have crowded out private-sector activity yen by yen, as actually happened.

Synonyms[edit]

Translations[edit]

unit of Japanese currency

Arabic: يَن‎ m (yan)
Armenian: յեն (yen)
Azerbaijani: iena
Belarusian: іе́на f (ijéna)
Bulgarian: йе́на f (jéna)
Burmese: ယန်းငွေ (yan:ngwe)
Catalan: ien (ca) m
Chinese:

Cantonese: 日元 (jat⁶ jyun⁴), 日圓／日圆 (jat⁶ jyun⁴)

Mandarin: 日元 (zh) (rìyuán), 日圓／日圆 (zh) (rìyuán), (slang) 老日 (lǎorì)

Min Nan: 日圓／日圆 (ji̍t-ôan)
Czech: jen (cs) m
Dutch: yen (nl) m
Esperanto: eno, jeno
Estonian: jeen
Faroese: jennur m
Finnish: jeni (fi)
French: yen (fr) m
Galician: ien (gl) m
Georgian: იენა (iena)
Greek: γιεν (el) n (gien)
Hindi: येन (hi) ? (yen)
Hungarian: jen (hu)
Icelandic: jen n
Indonesian: yen (id)
Italian: yen (it) m
Japanese: 円 (ja) (えん, en), also: 圓 (ja) (えん, en)
Kazakh: иен (ien)
Korean: 엔 (ko) (en)
Kyrgyz: иен (iyen)
Lao: ເຢນ (yēn)
Latin: ienum n
Latvian: jena f
Lithuanian: jena f
Macedonian: јен m (jen)
Malay: yen
Maori: iene
Marathi: येन ? (yen)
Mongolian: иен (ijen)
Persian: ین‎ (yen)
Polish: jen (pl) m
Portuguese: iene (pt) m
Romanian: yen (ro) m
Russian: ие́на (ru) f (ijéna)
Samogitian: jena ?
Scottish Gaelic: yen m
Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: јен m

Roman: jen m
Spanish: yen (es) m
Swedish: yen (sv) ?
Tagalog: yen
Tajik: йен (yen)
Thai: เยน (yeen)
Turkish: yen (tr)
Ukrainian: є́на f (jéna)
Uzbek: yena
Vietnamese: yên (vi)
Waray-Waray: yen
Yiddish: יען‎ ? (yen)

coin or note of one yen

Chinese:

Mandarin: 日圓／日圆 (zh) (rìyuán), 日元 (zh) (rìyuán), (slang) 老日 (lǎorì)
Czech: jen (cs) m
Dutch: yen (nl) m
Finnish: jeni (fi)
Hungarian: jen (hu)
Japanese: 円 (ja) (えん, en)
Korean: 엔 (ko) (en)
Malay: yen
Marathi: येन ? (yen)
Russian: ие́на (ru) f (ijéna)
Scottish Gaelic: yen m

Etymology 2[edit]

A painting of an opium-smoker which used to hang in Ah Sing’s opium den on Victoria Street in London, England.

Origin uncertain, but probably from Cantonese 癮／瘾 (jan⁵, “craving”) originally in reference to opium addiction, 煙癮／烟瘾 or 菸癮／烟瘾 (jin¹-jan⁵): 煙／烟, 菸／烟 (jin¹, “smoke, specifically opium”). Compare the later yen (“opium”) and yen-yen.^[4]

Noun[edit]

yen (plural yens)

A strong desire, urge, or yearning.

Synonyms: craving, desire, hankering, jones, longing, urge, yearning

humankind’s yen for knowledge
- 1934, Lew Levenson, chapter XX, in Butterfly Man, New York, N.Y.: Castle Books, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: Castle Books, [1960?], →OCLC, page 208:
  
  She repeated the words: «You for me and me for you,» then hummed: «Two for tea and tea for two …» Her voice trailed off … «All I got is a yen for Diana and my sweet little cute little Zigzag.»
- 1936 February, F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Crack-Up”, in Esquire‎^[1]:
  
  Like most middle-westerners, I have never had any but the vaguest race prejudices—I always had a secret yen for the lovely Scandinavian blondes who sat on porches in St. Paul but hadn’t emerged enough economically to be part of what was then society.
- 1999, Natalie Angier, “Of Hoggamus and Hogwash: Putting Evolutionary Psychology on the Couch”, in Woman: An Intimate Biography, New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 382:
  
  If a fellow chooses to tell himself that his yen for the fetching young intern in his office and his concomitant disgruntlement with his aging wife’s housekeeping lacunae make perfect Darwinian sense, who am I to argue with him?

Translations[edit]

strong desire

Bulgarian: копнеж (bg) m (kopnež), жадуване (bg) n (žaduvane)
Dutch: verlangen (nl) n, hartstocht (nl) f
Maori: matenui, tōrere
Plautdietsch: Janka m
Spanish: deseo (es) m, ganas (es) f pl

Verb[edit]

yen (third-person singular simple present yens, present participle yenning, simple past and past participle yenned)

(transitive) To have a strong desire for.
- [1876, F[rancis] K[ildale] Robinson, A Glossary of Words Used in the Neighbourhood of Whitby (Series C. Original Glossaries, and Glossaries with Fresh Additions; IV), London: Published for the English Dialect Society by Trübner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill, OCLC 24890139, page 227:
  
  Yenning, groaning, longing after.]
- 1953, Alfred Bester, “Who He?”, New York, N.Y.: Dial Press, OCLC 1509090, page 205:
  
  «Listen, I’m in Tom Bleutcher’s suite at The Brompton House. Been here the whole Almighty morning. Olga wants you to have lunch with us.» / «Olga? Who’s she?» / «His daughter. You made a big hit with her last time they was in town. Come on down.» / «Get the new writer.» / «I got no new writer. Anyway she yens for you. Come on down.»
- 1992, Peter Jordan, “Acknowledgements”, in Re-Entry: Making the Transition from Missions to Life at Home, Seattle, Wash.: YWAM Publishing, →ISBN:
  
  C. S. Lewis warned, «The yen to publish is spiritually dangerous.» The «yen» in this case is spread around, so perhaps the danger is diminished! This book has been «yenned» into existence by many, and is a two-team effort ….

Translations[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Chinese 煙／烟, 菸／烟 (yān), or Cantonese 煙／烟, 菸／烟 (jin¹, “smoke, specifically opium”). Compare the earlier yen (“strong desire”) and later yen-yen.^[5]

Noun[edit]

yen (uncountable)

(slang) Opium.

Synonyms: see Thesaurus:opium

Derived terms[edit]

yen hock
yen hop
yen pok
yen she
yen siang
yen sleep

References[edit]

^ W[alter] H[enry] Medhurst (1830) An English and Japanese, and Japanese and English Vocabulary: Compiled from Native Works, Batavia: [s.n.], OCLC 758334277.
^ J[ames] C[urtis] Hepburn (1867) A Japanese and English Dictionary: With an English and Japanese Index, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, OCLC 695232154.
^ “Yen”, in 世界大百科事典 [Sekai dai Hyakka Jiten = Heibonsha World Encyclopedia], volume III, Tokyo: Heibonsha, 2007, OCLC 693636727.
^ «yen, n.²», in the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
^ «yen, n.³», in the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Anagrams[edit]

-yne, NYE, Ney, Nye, eny, ney, nye

Bambara[edit]

Adverb[edit]

yen

there

Breton[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective[edit]

yen

cold

An dour zo yen.

The water is cold.

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English yen, from Japanese 円 (en, “yen, circle”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Cantonese (Jyutping): jen¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jen¹
  - Yale: colloquial sounds not defined
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jen¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: colloquial sounds not defined
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛːn⁵⁵/

Noun[edit]

yen

(Hong Kong Cantonese, colloquial) yen; Japanese monetary unit and coin

Synonyms[edit]

日元 (rìyuán)
日幣／日币 (rìbì)

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Japanese 円 (en, “yen, circle”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jɛn/
Hyphenation: yen
Rhymes: -ɛn

Noun[edit]

yen m (plural yens)

yen, Japanese monetary unit and coin.

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /jɛn/
Homophone: hyène (hyène can have aspirate or mute h, whereas yen is always «aspirate»)

Noun[edit]

yen m (plural yens)

yen (currency)

Ido[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Esperanto jen, from German jener.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jɛn/

Interjection[edit]

yen

look here, behold, lo

Yen la volfo!

Here is the wolf!, Look, the wolf!

Conjunction[edit]

yen

here is, there is

Synonyms[edit]

yen hike
yen ibe

Preposition[edit]

yen

here is

Yen (ke) la treno arivas!

Here comes the train!

Synonyms[edit]

yen ke

Derived terms[edit]

yena
yene

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Japanese 円.

Noun[edit]

yen (plural yen)

(money) yen (Japanese currency)

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the influence of earlier Portuguese romanizations, of Japanese 圓 (“round; a round object”) as ye or yen, now 円 (en), from Chinese 銀圓／银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”): 銀／银 (“silver”) + 圓／圆 (“circular, round; yuan, yen, dollar”).^[1] Cognate with Chinese 元 (yuán, “monetary unit, especially RMB”) and Korean 원 (won, “North or South Korean won”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jɛn/, /jen/
Hyphenation: yèn

Noun[edit]

yen (first-person possessive yenku, second-person possessive yenmu, third-person possessive yennya)

yen, the unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen.

References[edit]

^ “Yen”, in 世界大百科事典 [Sekai dai Hyakka Jiten = Heibonsha World Encyclopedia], volume III, Tokyo: Heibonsha, 2007, OCLC 693636727.

Koko-Bera[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

yen (accusative yintéw, dative yintéw)

you; second person singular pronoun, nominative case

References[edit]

2008, Paul Black, Pronominal Accretions in Pama-Nyungan, in Morphology and Language History →ISBN, edited by Claire Bowern, Bethwyn Evans, Luisa Miceli)

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Noun[edit]

yen m (plural yenen)

References[edit]

“yen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Papiamentu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Spanish lleno.

Adjective[edit]

yen

full

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unadapted borrowing from English yen or French yen.

Noun[edit]

yen m (plural yeni)

yen (currency)

Declension[edit]

Declension of yen

	singular	plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) yen	yenul	(niște) yeni	yenii
genitive/dative	(unui) yen	yenului	(unor) yeni	yenilor
vocative	yenule	yenilor

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Japanese 円 (en).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʝen/ [ˈɟ͡ʝẽn]
IPA^(key): (Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈjen/ [ˈjẽn]

Rhymes: -en

Noun[edit]

yen m (plural yenes)

Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Turkic *yegn (“sleeve”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Hyphenation: yen

Noun[edit]

yen (definite accusative yeni, plural yenler)

sleeve

Kısa yenli bir gömlek.

A shirt with short sleeves.

Etymology 2[edit]

From English yen.

Noun[edit]

yen

yen («Japanese currency»)

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

yen

second-person singular imperative of yenmek

References[edit]

yen in Turkish dictionaries at Türk Dil Kurumu

Volapük[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Japanese 円 (en).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [jen]

Noun[edit]

yen (nominative plural yens)

Declension[edit]

Zhuang[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Mandarin 縣／县 (xiàn).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /jeːn˧˥/
Tone numbers: yen⁵
Hyphenation: yen

Noun[edit]

yen (1957–1982 spelling yen)

county

Источник

1
yen

Ⅰ

yen [jen]

n

(

pl без измен.

)

Ⅱ

yen [jen]

разг.

2.

v

жа́ждать, стреми́ться (сделать что-л.)

Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > yen
2
yen

Персональный Сократ > yen
3
yen

иена
имя существительное:

глагол:

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > yen
4
yen

1. n иена

2. n разг. страсть, неудержимое желание

3. v разг. жаждать, неудержимо стремиться

Синонимический ряд:

1. longing (noun) craving; desire; hankering; hunger; longing; urge; wish; yearning

2. long (verb) ache; crave; dream; hanker; hunger; itch; long; lust; pine; sigh; suspire; thirst; yearn

Антонимический ряд:

English-Russian base dictionary > yen
5
yen

English-Russian big medical dictionary > yen
6
yen

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > yen
7
yen

Politics english-russian dictionary > yen
8
yen

[jen]
I

;

фин.

;

мн.

yen; буквенный код JPY, цифровой код 392

II
1.

;

разг.

She had a yen to go bowling. — Она очень хотела заняться боулингом.

2.

;

разг.

1) быть наркоманом, испытывать тягу к наркотикам

2) жаждать, стремиться к

Англо-русский современный словарь > yen
9
yen

I

infml

1)

2)

II

infml esp AmE

The new dictionary of modern spoken language > yen
10
yen

[̈ɪjen]

yen жаждать, стремиться (сделать что-л.) yen (pl без измен.) иена (денежная единица Японии) yen иена yen разг. сильное желание

English-Russian short dictionary > yen
11
yen

I
[jen]

(pl без измен.)

II

страсть, неудержимое желание

to have a yen for smth. — страшно хотеть /желать/ чего-л.

жаждать (), неудержимо стремиться ()

НБАРС > yen
12
yen

сущ.

Syn:

See:

* * *

иена: национальная денежная единица Японии.

* * *

Финансы/Кредит/Валюта

денежная единица Японии abbr JPY

Англо-русский экономический словарь > yen
13
yen

Тоска по чему-либо. Это слово вошло в употребление в середине XIX в. в Америке вместе с появлением китайской рабочей силы. Для китайского работника (кули) — yen — это дым от трубки опия.

I have a yen to see my childhood friends before I die. — Я очень тоскую по друзьям детства и хочу их увидеть перед тем, как умру.

English-Russian dictionary of expressions > yen
14
yen

The new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > yen
15
Yen

(noun), yen + yearn

шутл. страстное желание перевести деньги в Йены

Англо-русский словарь. Современные тенденции в словообразовании. Контаминанты. > Yen
16
yen
1. иена
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > yen
17
yen

̈ɪjenиена (денежная единица в Японии)

Англо-русский словарь экономических терминов > yen
18
YEN

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > YEN
19
Yen

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Yen
20
yen

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > yen

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

yen — yen … Dictionnaire des rimes
Yen — Staat: Japan Unterteilung: 100 Sen, 1000 Rin (historisch) ISO 4217 Code: JPY Abkürzung: ¥ … Deutsch Wikipedia
Yen — 円 en Idioma japonés Billetes del yen japonés … Wikipedia Español
YEN — YE C’est en 1869 que furent pour la première fois frappées des pièces d’argent portant le nom de yen. Celui ci devait devenir l’unité monétaire du Japon à la faveur de la réforme de 1871, remplaçant les monnaies de papier que les féodaux avaient… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Yen — 日本円 (ja) Unité monétaire moderne actuelle Pays officiellement utilisateur(s) Japon Banque centrale … Wikipédia en Français
yen — [jen] yen PLURALFORM noun [countable] the standard unit of money in Japan: • The company already has debts of 127 billion Yen. • The dollar closed at 125.75 yen on the Tokyo foreign exchange market. * * * yen UK US /jen/ noun [C] (plural yen) … Financial and business terms
yen — YEN, yeni, s.m. Unitate bănească în Japonia – Din engl., fr. yen. Trimis de spall, 27.02.2002. Sursa: DEX 98 yen s. m., pl. yeni Trimis de siveco, 10.08.2004. Sursa: Dicţionar ortografic YEN yeni m … Dicționar Român
yen — [jen] n plural yen [Sense: 1 2; Date: 1800 1900; : Japanese; Origin: en, from Chinese yuan; YUAN] [Sense: 3; Date: 1900 2000; : Chinese; Origin: yan] 1.) the standard unit of money in Japan: symbol ¥ … Dictionary of contemporary English
Yen — Yen, n. The unit of value and account in Japan. The yen is equal to 100 sen. From Japan s adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, to about 1913 the value of the yen was about 50 cents. In 1997 and 1998 the value of the yen varied from 80 per U. S … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
yen — ☆ ☆ yen yen1 [yen] n. pl. yen [SinoJpn en, lit., round] the basic monetary unit of Japan: see the table of monetary units in the Reference Supplement yen2 [yen] n. [prob. < Cantonese yan, smoke (n.), opium ] Informal a strong longing or desire … English World dictionary
Yen My — ( vi. Yên Mỹ) is a district ( huyện ) of Hung Yen Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam … Wikipedia

Источник

Примеры из текстов

One day he called and asked, «What do you think of the yen?»

Однажды он позвонил мне и спросил: «Что вы думаете о иене?»

Schwager, Jack D. / The New Market Wizards: Conversations with America’s Top TradersШвагер, Джек Д. / Новые маги рынка: беседы с лучшими трейдерами Америки

Новые маги рынка: беседы с лучшими трейдерами Америки

Швагер, Джек Д.

© Альпина Бизнес Букс, перевод, оформление, 2004

© Jack D. Schwager, 1992

The New Market Wizards: Conversations with America’s Top Traders

Schwager, Jack D.

© 1992 by Jack D. Schwager

When the first group predominates, the forward price of yen is likely to be less than the expected spot price.

Если доминирует первая группа, форвардная цена иены, видимо, будет ниже ожидаемой цены «спот».

Brealey, Richard,Myers, Stewart / Principles of Corporate FinanceБрейли, Ричард,Майерс, Стюарт / Принципы корпоративных финансов

Принципы корпоративных финансов

Брейли, Ричард,Майерс, Стюарт

© 2003, 2000, 1996, 1991, 1988, 1984, 1981 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

© ЗАО «Олимп-Бизнес», перевод на рус. яз., оформление, 2004

Principles of Corporate Finance

Brealey, Richard,Myers, Stewart

© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2003

We have already examined some aspects of the yen/dollar exchange rate in Chapters 2 and 4. This exchange rate is, along with the mark/dollar exchange rate, an extremely interesting one.

Мы уже исследовали некоторые аспекты обменного курса иена/доллар в Главах 2 и 4. Этот обменный курс, наряду с обменным курсом марка/доллар, чрезвычайно интересен.

Peters, Edgar E. / Fractal market analysis : applying chaos theory to investment and economicsПетерс, Эдгар Э. / Фрактальный анализ финансовых рынков: применение теории Хаоса в инвестициях и экономике

Фрактальный анализ финансовых рынков: применение теории Хаоса в инвестициях и экономике

Петерс, Эдгар Э.

© Originally published by John Wiley&Sons, Inc., 2003

© ООО «Интернет-трейдинг», 2004 г. (перевод)

Fractal market analysis : applying chaos theory to investment and economics

Peters, Edgar E.

© 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

«I think the yen is going straight down, and I’m short,» I replied.

«Думаю, иена здорово упадет, и поэтому у меня короткая позиция», — ответил я.

Schwager, Jack D. / The New Market Wizards: Conversations with America’s Top TradersШвагер, Джек Д. / Новые маги рынка: беседы с лучшими трейдерами Америки

Новые маги рынка: беседы с лучшими трейдерами Америки

Швагер, Джек Д.

© Альпина Бизнес Букс, перевод, оформление, 2004

© Jack D. Schwager, 1992

The New Market Wizards: Conversations with America’s Top Traders

Schwager, Jack D.

© 1992 by Jack D. Schwager

IFC issued securities in four main currencies — U.S. dollars, pounds sterling, Hong Kong dollars, and Japanese yen.

МФК производила выпуск ценных бумаг в четырех OCHOBHЫX валютах, включая доллар США, фунты стерлингов, гонконгские доллары и японские иены.

“Little human,” the giant retorted, “I’ve squashed a hunnerd o’ yen puny kin!”

– Жалкий человечишка! – рявкнул гигант. – На своем веку я раздавил больше сотни твоих тщедушных сородичей!

Salvatore, Robert / The Crystal ShardСальваторе, Роберт / Магический кристалл

Магический кристалл

Сальваторе, Роберт

© 1988 TSR, Inc.

© С. Топоров, перевод, 2008

© ООО «Фантастика», 2008

The Crystal Shard

Salvatore, Robert

It contracted to 6.8 trillion yen in January-November 2005 as compared with 9.2 trillion yen in January-November 2004.

В январе-ноябре 2005 г. оно уменьшилось до 6,8 трлн. иен (в январе-ноябре 2004 г. — 9,2 трлн. иен).

If they haven’t exercised their call, they won’t know if I’m net long yen or neutral, again depending on whether or not I’m hedged.

Если они не исполнили свой колл, они не будут знать, есть ли у меня длинная позиция по иене или у меня нейтральная позиция, опять же, в зависимости от того, хеджировался я или нет.

Schwager, Jack D. / The New Market Wizards: Conversations with America’s Top TradersШвагер, Джек Д. / Новые маги рынка: беседы с лучшими трейдерами Америки

Новые маги рынка: беседы с лучшими трейдерами Америки

Швагер, Джек Д.

© Альпина Бизнес Букс, перевод, оформление, 2004

© Jack D. Schwager, 1992

The New Market Wizards: Conversations with America’s Top Traders

Schwager, Jack D.

© 1992 by Jack D. Schwager

“Sure,” said Nick. He slid over ten 10,000-yen notes.

— Хорошо, — сказал Ник, протягивая десять купюр по десять тысяч йен.

Hunter, Stephen / The 47th samuraiХантер, Стивен / 47-й самурай

47-й самурай

Хантер, Стивен

© С.Саксин, перевод на русский язык, 2009

© Издание на русском языке ООО «Издательство «Эксмо», 2009

© 2007 by Stephen Hunter

The 47th samurai

Hunter, Stephen

At the same time, the dollar gained 0.1% against the Japanese yen.

Относительно иены доллар укрепился на 0,1%.

In the event of a call referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article, payment shall be made by the member in ECU, in United States dollars or in Japanese yen.

В случае требования, упомянутого в пункте 4 настоящей статьи, выплата будет производиться членом в ЭКЮ, в долларах США или японских иенах.

© European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Besides, Makimura’s check for three hundred thousand yen still graced my desk top.

Кроме того, на моем столе красовался в рамке чек на триста тысяч от Хираку Макимуры.

Murakami, Haruki / Dance, dance, danceМураками, Харуки / Дэнс, дэнс, дэнс

Дэнс, дэнс, дэнс

Мураками, Харуки

© Haruki Murakami 1991 «Dansu, dansu, dansu»

© Дмитрий Коваленин, 2001

Dance, dance, dance

Murakami, Haruki

© 1994 by Kodansha International Ltd.

These companies may, therefore, be willing to buy forward even if the forward price of yen is a little higher than the expected spot price.

Скорее всего они, как и вы, с готовностью пойдут на это, даже если форвардный курс иены несколько выше ожидаемой цены «спот».

Brealey, Richard,Myers, Stewart / Principles of Corporate FinanceБрейли, Ричард,Майерс, Стюарт / Принципы корпоративных финансов

Принципы корпоративных финансов

Брейли, Ричард,Майерс, Стюарт

© 2003, 2000, 1996, 1991, 1988, 1984, 1981 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

© ЗАО «Олимп-Бизнес», перевод на рус. яз., оформление, 2004

Principles of Corporate Finance

Brealey, Richard,Myers, Stewart

© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2003

The other exchange rates have similar characteristics, but the yen/pound exchange rate is virtually identical to a random walk at the higher frequencies.

Другие обменные курсы имеют схожие характеристики, но обменный курс иена/фунт фактически идентичен случайному блужданию на более высоких частотах.

Peters, Edgar E. / Fractal market analysis : applying chaos theory to investment and economicsПетерс, Эдгар Э. / Фрактальный анализ финансовых рынков: применение теории Хаоса в инвестициях и экономике

Фрактальный анализ финансовых рынков: применение теории Хаоса в инвестициях и экономике

Петерс, Эдгар Э.

© Originally published by John Wiley&Sons, Inc., 2003

© ООО «Интернет-трейдинг», 2004 г. (перевод)

Fractal market analysis : applying chaos theory to investment and economics

Peters, Edgar E.

© 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Have you been buying yen again?

Ты опять покупаешь иены?

Brealey, Richard,Myers, Stewart / Principles of Corporate FinanceБрейли, Ричард,Майерс, Стюарт / Принципы корпоративных финансов

Принципы корпоративных финансов

Брейли, Ричард,Майерс, Стюарт

© 2003, 2000, 1996, 1991, 1988, 1984, 1981 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

© ЗАО «Олимп-Бизнес», перевод на рус. яз., оформление, 2004

Principles of Corporate Finance

Brealey, Richard,Myers, Stewart

© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2003

Добавить в мой словарь

yen1/5

jenСуществительноеиена

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йен — перевод на английский

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