Йокогама как пишется на английском

This article is about the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture. For other uses, see Yokohama (disambiguation).

Yokohama (Japanese: 横浜, pronounced [jokohama] (listen)) is the second-largest city in Japan by population^[1] and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. Yokohama is also the major economic, cultural, and commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area along the Keihin Industrial Zone.

Yokohama 横浜市
Designated city
City of Yokohama
From top, left to right: Minato Mirai 21 at dusk, Nippon Maru Memorial Park, Yokohama Chinatown, Motomachi Shopping Street, Sankei-en, Harbor View Park, Yokohama Marine Tower viewed from Yamashita Park and Ōsanbashi Pier
Flag Seal
Map of Kanagawa Prefecture with Yokohama highlighted in purple
Yokohama Yokohama Yokohama (Asia)
Coordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°ECoordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°E
Country	Japan
Region	Kantō
Prefecture	Kanagawa Prefecture
Government
• Mayor	Takeharu Yamanaka
Area
• Total	437.38 km2 (168.87 sq mi)
Population  (January 1, 2023)
• Total	3,769,595
• Density	8,606/km2 (22,290/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
– Tree	Camellia, Chinquapin, Sangoju Sasanqua, Ginkgo, Zelkova
– Flower	Dahlia Rose
Address	1-1 Minato-chō, Naka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken 231-0017
Website	www.city.yokohama.lg.jp

Yokohama
«Yokohama» in new-style (shinjitai) kanji
Japanese name
Hiragana	よこはま
Katakana	ヨコハマ
Kyūjitai	橫濱
Shinjitai	横浜
Transcriptions Romanization Yokohama

Yokohama was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1859 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city, after Kobe opened in 1853. Yokohama is the home of many Japan’s firsts in the Meiji period, including the first foreign trading port and Chinatown (1859), European-style sport venues (1860s), English-language newspaper (1861), confectionery and beer manufacturing (1865), daily newspaper (1870), gas-powered street lamps (1870s), railway station (1872), and power plant (1882). Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan’s prominent port city following the end of Japan’s relative isolation in the mid-19th century and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Tokyo and Chiba.

Yokohama is the largest port city and high tech industrial hub in the Greater Tokyo Area and the Kantō region. The city proper is headquarters to companies such as Isuzu, Nissan, JVCKenwood, Keikyu, Koei Tecmo, Sotetsu, Salesforce Japan and Bank of Yokohama. Famous landmarks in Yokohama include Minato Mirai 21, Nippon Maru Memorial Park, Yokohama Chinatown, Motomachi Shopping Street, Yokohama Marine Tower, Yamashita Park, and Ōsanbashi Pier.

EtymologyEdit

Yokohama (横浜) means «horizontal beach».^[2] The current area surrounded by Maita Park, the Ōoka River and the Nakamura River have been a gulf divided by a sandbar from the open sea. This sandbar was the original Yokohama fishing village. Since the sandbar protruded perpendicularly from the land, or horizontally when viewed from the sea, it was called a «horizontal beach».^[3]

HistoryEdit

Opening of the Treaty Port (1859–1868)Edit

Before the Western foreigners arrived, Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners.^[4] A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.^[5]

It was initially agreed that one of the ports to be opened to foreign ships would be the bustling town of Kanagawa-juku (in what is now Kanagawa Ward) on the Tōkaidō, a strategic highway that linked Edo to Kyoto and Osaka. However, the Tokugawa shogunate decided that Kanagawa-juku was too close to the Tōkaidō for comfort, and port facilities were instead built across the inlet in the sleepy fishing village of Yokohama. The Port of Yokohama was officially opened on June 2, 1859.^[6]

Yokohama quickly became the base of foreign trade in Japan. Foreigners initially occupied the low-lying district of the city called Kannai, residential districts later expanding as the settlement grew to incorporate much of the elevated Yamate district overlooking the city, commonly referred to by English speaking residents as The Bluff.

Kannai, the foreign trade and commercial district (literally, inside the barrier), was surrounded by a moat, foreign residents enjoying extraterritorial status both within and outside the compound. Interactions with the local population, particularly young samurai, outside the settlement inevitably caused problems; the Namamugi Incident, one of the events that preceded the downfall of the shogunate, took place in what is now Tsurumi Ward in 1862, and prompted the Bombardment of Kagoshima in 1863.

To protect British commercial and diplomatic interests in Yokohama a military garrison was established in 1862. With the growth in trade increasing numbers of Chinese also came to settle in the city.^[7] Yokohama was the scene of many notable firsts for Japan including the growing acceptance of western fashion, photography by pioneers such as Felice Beato, Japan’s first English language newspaper, the Japan Herald published in 1861 and in 1865 the first ice cream confectionery and beer to be produced in Japan.^[8] Recreational sports introduced to Japan by foreign residents in Yokohama included European style horse racing in 1862, cricket in 1863^[9] and rugby union in 1866. A great fire destroyed much of the foreign settlement on November 26, 1866, and smallpox was a recurrent public health hazard, but the city continued to grow rapidly – attracting foreigners and Japanese alike.

• Gallery

• Landing of Commodore Perry and men to meet the Imperial commissioners at Yokohama, 14 July 1853

• Foreign ships in Yokohama harbor in 1861

• A foreign trading house in Yokohama in 1861

Meiji and Taisho Periods (1868–1923)Edit

After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the port was developed for trading silk, the main trading partner being Great Britain. Western influence and technological transfer contributed to the establishment of Japan’s first daily newspaper (1870), first gas-powered street lamps (1872) and Japan’s first railway constructed in the same year to connect Yokohama to Shinagawa and Shinbashi in Tokyo. In 1872 Jules Verne portrayed Yokohama, which he had never visited, in an episode of his widely read novel Around the World in Eighty Days, capturing the atmosphere of the fast-developing, internationally oriented Japanese city.

In 1887, a British merchant, Samuel Cocking, built the city’s first power plant. At first for his own use, this coal power plant became the basis for the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company. The city was officially incorporated on April 1, 1889.^[10] By the time the extraterritoriality of foreigner areas was abolished in 1899, Yokohama was the most international city in Japan, with foreigner areas stretching from Kannai to the Bluff area and the large Yokohama Chinatown.

The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city toward Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, then the largest slum in Japan.

• Gallery

Great Kantō earthquake and the Second World War (1923–1945)Edit

• Gallery

• View of Yokohama after the bombing in 1945

Much of Yokohama was destroyed on September 1, 1923, by the Great Kantō earthquake. The Yokohama police reported casualties at 30,771 dead and 47,908 injured, out of a pre-earthquake population of 434,170.^[11] Fuelled by rumors of rebellion and sabotage, vigilante mobs thereupon murdered many Koreans in the Kojiki-yato slum.^[12] Many people believed that Koreans used black magic to cause the earthquake. Martial law was in place until November 19. Rubble from the quake was used to reclaim land for parks, the most famous being the Yamashita Park on the waterfront which opened in 1930.

Yokohama was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again by U.S. air raids during World War II. The first bombing was in the April 18, 1942 Doolittle Raid. An estimated 7,000–8,000 people were killed in a single morning on May 29, 1945, in what is now known as the Great Yokohama Air Raid, when B-29s firebombed the city and in just one hour and nine minutes, reducing 42% of it to rubble.^[10]

Postwar growth and developmentEdit

During the American occupation, Yokohama was a major transshipment base for American supplies and personnel, especially during the Korean War. After the occupation, most local U.S. naval activity moved from Yokohama to an American base in nearby Yokosuka.

Four years after the Treaty of San Francisco signed, the city was designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956.^{[citation needed]} The city’s tram and trolleybus system was abolished in 1972, the same year as the opening of the first line of Yokohama Municipal Subway. Construction of Minato Mirai 21 («Port Future 21»), a major urban development project on reclaimed land started in 1983, nicknamed the «Philadelphia and Boston of the Orient» was compared to Center City, Philadelphia and Downtown Boston located in the East Coast of the United States. Minato Mirai 21 hosted the Yokohama Exotic Showcase in 1989, which saw the first public operation of maglev trains in Japan and the opening of Cosmo Clock 21, then the tallest Ferris wheel in the world. The 860-metre-long (2,820 ft) Yokohama Bay Bridge opened in the same year. In 1993, Minato Mirai 21 saw the opening of the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the second-tallest building in Japan.

The 2002 FIFA World Cup final was held in June at the International Stadium Yokohama. In 2009, the city marked the 150th anniversary of the opening of the port and the 120th anniversary of the commencement of the City Administration. An early part in the commemoration project incorporated the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), which was held in Yokohama in May 2008. In November 2010, Yokohama hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting.

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GeographyEdit

Sentinel-2 image of Yokohama (2020)

TopographyEdit

Yokohama has a total area of 437.38 km² (168.87 sq mi) at an elevation of 5 metres (16 ft) above sea level. It is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, bordered to the east by Tokyo Bay and located in the middle of the Kantō plain. The city is surrounded by hills and the characteristic mountain system of the island of Honshū, so its growth has been limited and it has had to gain ground from the sea. This also affects the population density, one of the highest in Japan with 8,500 inhabitants per km².

The highest points within the urban boundary are Omaruyama (156 m [512 ft]) and Mount Enkaizan (153 m [502 ft]). The main river is the Tsurumi River, which begins in the Tama Hills and empties into the Pacific Ocean.^[13]

These municipalities surround Yokohama: Kawasaki, Yokosuka, Zushi, Kamakura, Fujisawa, Yamato, Machida.

GeologyEdit

The city is very prone to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and tropical cyclones because the island of Honshū has a high level of seismic activity, being in the middle of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Most seismic movements are of low intensity and are generally not perceived by people. However, Yokohama has experienced two major tremors that reflect the evolution of Earthquake engineering: the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake devastated the city and caused more than 100,000 fatalities throughout the region,^[14] while the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, with its epicenter on the east coast, was felt in the locality but only material damage was lamented because most buildings were already prepared to withstand them.^[15]

ClimateEdit

Yokohama features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, humid summers and chilly winters.^[16] Weatherwise, Yokohama has a pattern of rain, clouds and sun, although in winter, it is surprisingly sunny, more so than Southern Spain. Winter temperatures rarely drop below freezing, while summer can seem quite warm, because of the effects of humidity.^[17] The coldest temperature was on 24 January 1927 when −8.2 °C (17.2 °F) was reached, whilst the hottest day was 11 August 2013 at 37.4 °C (99.3 °F). The highest monthly rainfall was in October 2004 with 761.5 millimetres (30.0 in), closely followed by July 1941 with 753.4 millimetres (29.66 in), whilst December and January have recorded no measurable precipitation three times each.

Climate data for Yokohama (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1896−present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	20.8 (69.4)	24.8 (76.6)	24.5 (76.1)	28.7 (83.7)	31.3 (88.3)	36.1 (97.0)	37.2 (99.0)	37.4 (99.3)	36.2 (97.2)	32.4 (90.3)	26.2 (79.2)	23.7 (74.7)	37.4 (99.3)
Average high °C (°F)	10.2 (50.4)	10.8 (51.4)	14.0 (57.2)	18.9 (66.0)	23.1 (73.6)	25.5 (77.9)	29.4 (84.9)	31.0 (87.8)	27.3 (81.1)	22.0 (71.6)	17.1 (62.8)	12.5 (54.5)	20.2 (68.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	6.1 (43.0)	6.7 (44.1)	9.7 (49.5)	14.5 (58.1)	18.8 (65.8)	21.8 (71.2)	25.6 (78.1)	27.0 (80.6)	23.7 (74.7)	18.5 (65.3)	13.4 (56.1)	8.7 (47.7)	16.2 (61.2)
Average low °C (°F)	2.7 (36.9)	3.1 (37.6)	6.0 (42.8)	10.7 (51.3)	15.5 (59.9)	19.1 (66.4)	22.9 (73.2)	24.3 (75.7)	21.0 (69.8)	15.7 (60.3)	10.1 (50.2)	5.2 (41.4)	13.0 (55.4)
Record low °C (°F)	−8.2 (17.2)	−6.8 (19.8)	−4.6 (23.7)	−0.5 (31.1)	3.6 (38.5)	9.2 (48.6)	13.3 (55.9)	15.5 (59.9)	11.2 (52.2)	2.2 (36.0)	−2.4 (27.7)	−5.6 (21.9)	−8.2 (17.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	64.7 (2.55)	64.7 (2.55)	139.5 (5.49)	143.1 (5.63)	152.6 (6.01)	188.8 (7.43)	182.5 (7.19)	139.0 (5.47)	241.5 (9.51)	240.4 (9.46)	107.6 (4.24)	66.4 (2.61)	1,730.8 (68.14)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	4 (1.6)	4 (1.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	9 (3.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm)	5.7	6.3	11.0	10.7	11.1	13.5	12.0	8.8	12.7	12.1	8.6	6.2	118.8
Average relative humidity (%)	53	54	60	65	70	78	78	76	76	71	65	57	67
Mean monthly sunshine hours	192.7	167.2	168.8	181.2	187.4	135.9	170.9	206.4	141.2	137.3	151.1	178.1	2,018.3
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[18]

CityscapeEdit

• Yokohama night view (2014)

• View from Mosaic Mall Kohoku (2015)

Yokohama skyline from Grand Oriental Hotel rooftop (2015)

DemographicsEdit

PopulationEdit

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1870	64,602[19]	—
1880	72,630	+12.4%
1890	132,627	+82.6%
1900	196,653	+48.3%
1910	403,303	+105.1%
1920	422,942	+4.9%
1925	405,888	−4.0%
1930	620,306	+52.8%
1935	704,290	+13.5%
1940	968,091	+37.5%
1945	814,379	−15.9%
1950	951,188	+16.8%
1955	1,143,687	+20.2%
1960	1,375,710	+20.3%
1965	1,788,915	+30.0%
1970	2,238,264	+25.1%
1975	2,621,771	+17.1%
1980	2,773,674	+5.8%
1985	2,992,926	+7.9%
1990	3,220,331	+7.6%
1995	3,307,136	+2.7%
2000	3,426,651	+3.6%
2005	3,579,133	+4.4%
2010	3,670,669	+2.6%
2015	3,710,824	+1.1%
2020	3,760,157	+1.3%

Yokohama’s foreign population of 92,139 includes Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, and Vietnamese.^[20]

WardsEdit

Yokohama has 18 wards (ku):

Wards of Yokohama
	Place Name				Map of Yokohama
Rōmaji	Kanji	Population	Land area in km2	Pop. density per km2
1	Aoba-ku	青葉区	302,643	35.14	8,610
2	Asahi-ku	旭区	249,045	32.77	7,600
3	Hodogaya-ku	保土ヶ谷区	205,887	21.81	9,400
4	Isogo-ku	磯子区	163,406	19.17	8,520
5	Izumi-ku	泉区	155,674	23.51	6,620
6	Kanagawa-ku	神奈川区	230,401	23.88	9,650
7	Kanazawa-ku	金沢区	209,565	31.01	6,760
8	Kōhoku-ku	港北区	332,488	31.40	10,588
9	Kōnan-ku	港南区	221,536	19.87	11,500
10	Midori-ku	緑区	176,038	25.42	6,900
11	Minami-ku	南区	197,019	12.67	15,500
12	Naka-ku (administrative center)	中区	146,563	20.86	7,030
13	Nishi-ku	西区	93,210	7.04	13,210
14	Sakae-ku	栄区	124,845	18.55	6,750
15	Seya-ku	瀬谷区	126,839	17.11	7,390
16	Totsuka-ku	戸塚区	274,783	35.70	7,697
17	Tsurumi-ku	鶴見区	270,433	33.23	8,140
18	Tsuzuki-ku	都筑区	211,455	27.93	7,535

Government and politicsEdit

The Yokohama City Council consists of 86 members elected from a total of 18 Wards. The LDP has minority control with 36 seats. The incumbent mayor is Takeharu Yamanaka, who defeated Fumiko Hayashi in the 2021 Yokohama mayoral election.

List of mayors (from 1889)Edit

Nº Name Term start Term end 1 Tomo Masuda (増田知) 18 June 1889 15 February 1890 2 Kigiemon Sato (佐藤喜左衛門) 3 March 1890 2 March 1896 3 Yoshinobu Umeda (梅田義信) 3 June 1896 20 September 1902 4 Morihiro Ichihara (市原盛宏) 9 January 1903 2 May 1906 5 Nobutaka Mitsuhashi (三橋信方) 28 September 1906 25 June 1910 6 Yoshitaro Arakawa (荒川義太郎) 10 September 1910 13 November 1913 7 Kensuke Ando (安藤謙介) 24 July 1914 23 July 1918 8 Kiyochika Kubota (久保田政周) 26 August 1918 27 May 1922 9 Katsusaburo Watanabe (渡辺勝三郎) 29 November 1922 10 April 1925 10 Chuichi Ariyoshi (有吉忠一) 7 May 1925 26 February 1931 11 Ichiro Onishi (大西一郎) 3 March 1931 18 July 1935 12 Shuzo Aoki (青木周三) 3 August 1935 10 February 1941

Nº Name Term start Term end 13 Kiyoshi Nakarai (半井清) 10 February 1941 30 November 1946 14 Kyoichi Ishikawa (石河京市) 9 April 1947 4 April 1951 15-16 Ryozo Hiranuma (平沼亮三) 25 April 1955 13 February 1959 17 Kiyoshi Nakarai 25 April 1959 22 April 1963 18-21 Ichiyo Asukata (飛鳥田一雄) 23 April 1963 1 March 1978 22-24 Michikazu Saigo (細郷道一) 16 April 1978 15 February 1990 25-27 Hidenobu Takahide (高秀秀信) 8 April 1990 7 April 2002 28-29 Kiyoshi Nakada (中田宏) 8 April 2002 17 August 2009 30-33 Fumiko Hayashi (林文子) 30 August 2009 30 August 2021 33 Takeharu Yamanaka (山中竹春) 30 August 2021 Incumbent

Culture and sightsEdit

Cherry blossoms on the Kisha-michi Promenade

Yokohama’s cultural and tourist sights include:

• Yokohama Chinatown
• Yokohama Three Towers
• Yamashita Park (at the harbor)
• Harbor View Park
• The Hikawa Maru, historic passenger and cargo ship
• Yokohama Marine Tower
• Yokohama Triennale
• Minato Mirai 21
• Landmark Tower, 296 m high, second tallest skyscraper in Japan
• Nippon Maru, museum ship
• Yokohama Stadium (the Yokohama DeNA BayStars Pro baseball teams’s home field)
• Yokohama Foreign Cemetery
• Sankei-en Garden
• Kishine-Park
• Kanazawa Bunko, preserves the cultural heritage of the Hōjō clan
• Zō-no-Hana Terrace (象の鼻テラス)^[21]
• Gumyōji, oldest temple in the city

MuseumsEdit

Yokohama Triennale at Yamashita Pier venue

There are 42 museums in the city area, including.^[22]

• CupNoodles Museum (Momofuku Andō Instant Ramen Museum): Several-floors of interactive exhibits related to the invention of the Japanese instant noodle soup, including soup kitchens where you can try the culture-specific noodle soups.
• Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History: Located in the historic Yokohama Specie Bank building.
• Kanazawa Bunko: Traditional Japanese and Chinese art objects, many dating from the Kamakura period.
• Matsuri Museum: Dedicated to the shrine festivals (Japanese Matsuri) taking place in Yokohama.
• Silk Museum: Exhibits focusing on the production and processing of silk; including many clothes.
• Yokohama Archives of History: Located in the former British Consulate building with exhibits related to port development and the arrival of Matthew Perry.
• Yokohama Museum of Art: Founded in 1989, featuring modern works by well-known international and Japanese artists.

GalleryEdit

• Mitsui Outlet Park Yokohama Bayside

• Yokohama Municipal Kanazawa Zoo

• Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery

Excursion destinationsEdit

In 2016, 46,017,157 tourists visited the city, 13.1% of whom were overnight guests.^[22]

• Kodomo no kuni: Means «Children’s country». A nice destination to spend an eventful day with the family. Lots of space for walking and playing. There is also a petting zoo.
• Nogeyama Zoo: One of the few zoos that do not charge admission. It has a large number of animals and a petting zoo where children can play with small animals.
• Zoorasia: Nice zoo with lots of play options for children. However, in this zoo admission costs.
• Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise: A large park with an aquarium. Otherwise rides, shops, restaurants, etc.
• Since 2020, after six years of development, a giant robot named Gundam, which is 18 meters high and weighs 25 tons, has been watching over the port area as a tourist attraction. The giant robot, in which there is a cockpit and whose hands are each two meters long, is based as a figure on a science fiction television series, can move and sink to its knees.^[23] The giant robot was manufactured by the company «Gundam Factory Yokohama» under Managing Director Shin Sasaki.
• Kamonyama Park

In popular mediaEdit

• Yukio Mishima’s novel The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea is set mainly in Yokohama. Mishima describes the city’s port and its houses, and the Western influences that shaped them.
• From Up on Poppy Hill is a 2011 Studio Ghibli animated drama film directed by Gorō Miyazaki set in the Yamate district of Yokohama. The film is based on the serialized Japanese comic book of the same name.
• The main setting of James Clavell’s book Gai-Jin is in historical Yokohama.
• Vermillion City in the Kanto region from the Pokémon franchise is based on Yokohama.
• One of the Pretty Cure crossover movies takes place in Yokohama. In the fourth movie of the series, Pretty Cure All Stars New Stage: Friends of the Future, the Pretty Cure appear standing on top of the Cosmo Clock 21 in Minato Mirai.
• The main setting of the Japanese visual novel series Muv-Luv, first a school and then, in an alternate history, a military base is built in Yokohama with the objective of carrying out the Alternative IV Plan meant to save humanity.
• In Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3, Yokohama is under siege by the Soviet Union and Allied Nations to stop the Empire of The Rising Sun. The player must defend Yokohama and then lead a counterattack as the Empire.
• The manga Bungo Stray Dogs is set in Yokohama.
• The Japanese mixed-media project, Hamatora takes place in Yokohama.
• The final battle in Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack takes place in Yokohama.
• In My Hero Academia, it is the location of the Nomu Warehouse where they created artificial Humans (a.k.a. Nomus).
• Sumaru City in Persona 2: Innocent Sin and Eternal Punishment is based on Yokohama.
• Miyabi City in The Caligula Effect is based on Yokohama, including depictions of landmarks such as an unfinished Landmark Tower and Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise (referred to in game as Sea Paraiso).
• The video game Yakuza: Like a Dragon is set in Isezaki Ijincho, a fictional district in Yokohama based on Isezakichō.
• Yokohama is also represented in the multimedia project by King Records, Hypnosis Mic: Division Rap Battle
• Yokohama is the main setting of Japanese manga and anime series Komi Can’t Communicate. Multiple of the cities’ landmarks are featured on the manga, most notably in the more recently released chapters.
• Yokohama is the setting of the anime After the Rain as well as manga series with the same title by Jun Mayuzuki.
• In April 2022, The Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau announced the launch of a new interactive website to aid in the tourism and MICE elements of the city.^[24]

SportsEdit

• Baseball: Yokohama DeNA BayStars
• Soccer: Yokohama F. Marinos (J.League Division 1), Yokohama FC (J.League Division 1), YSCC Yokohama (J.League Division 3), NHK Yokohama FC Seagulls (Nadeshiko League Div.2)
• Velodrome: Kagetsu-en Velodrome
• Basketball: Yokohama B-Corsairs
• Rugby Union: Yokohama Eagles
• Tennis: Ai Sugiyama
• American football: Yokohama Harbors

Economy and infrastructureEdit

The city has a strong economic base, especially in the shipping, biotechnology, and semiconductor industries. Nissan moved its headquarters to Yokohama from Chūō, Tokyo, in 2010.^[25]
Yokohama’s GDP per capita (Nominal) was $30,625 ($1=¥120.13).^[26][27]

As of 2016, the total production in Yokohama city reached ¥13.56 billion. It is located between Shizuoka and Hiroshima Prefectures compared to domestic prefectures.^[28] It is located between Hungary, which ranks 26th, and New Zealand, which ranks 27th compared to OECD countries. Generally, the primary industry is 0.1%, the secondary industry is 21.7%, and the tertiary industry is 82.3%. The ratio of the primary industry is low, and the ratio of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry is high. Compared to other ordinance-designated cities, it is about 60% of the size of Osaka, which is almost the same as Nagoya. As shown in the attached table, there are not a few head office companies, but the major inferiority to Osaka is the traditional difference, the strong bed.^{[clarification needed]} In connection with this, the absence of large block-type companies (JR, NTT, electric power, gas, major commercial broadcasters, etc.) has had an impact.

The breakdown is ¥11.9 million yen (0.1%) for the primary industry, ¥2.75 billion (21.7%) for the secondary industry, and ¥10.44 billion yen (82.3%) for the tertiary industry. Compared to other government-designated cities, the amount of the primary industry, the ratio of the construction industry of the secondary industry, and the ratio of the real estate industry of the tertiary industry are large, and the finance, insurance, wholesale, and retail of the tertiary industry The ratio of industry and service industry is small, but the tertiary industry is almost the same as Nagoya.

Major companies headquarteredEdit

• Isuzu headquarters in Nishi-ku

TransportEdit

A route map in Yokohama and Tokyo (JR East)

Yokohama is serviced by the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed rail line with a stop at Shin-Yokohama Station. Yokohama Station is also a major station, with two million passengers daily. The Yokohama Municipal Subway, Minatomirai Line and Kanazawa Seaside Line provide metro services.

Maritime transportEdit

Yokohama is the world’s 31st largest seaport in terms of total cargo volume, at 121,326 freight tons as of 2011, and is ranked 37th in terms of TEUs (Twenty-foot equivalent units).^[29]

In 2013, APM Terminals Yokohama facility was recognized as the most productive container terminal in the world averaging 163 crane moves per hour, per ship between the vessel’s arrival and departure at the berth.^[30]

Rail transportEdit

Railway stationsEdit

■ East Japan Railway Company (JR East)

■ Tōkaidō Main Line

• – Yokohama – Totsuka –

■ Yokosuka Line

• – Yokohama – Hodogaya – Higashi-Totsuka – Totsuka –

■ Keihin-Tōhoku Line

• – Tsurumi – Shin-Koyasu – Higashi-Kanagawa – Yokohama

■ Negishi Line

• Yokohama – Sakuragichō – Kannai – Ishikawachō – Yamate – Negishi – Isogo – Shin-Sugita – Yōkōdai – Kōnandai – Hongōdai –

■ Yokohama Line

• Higashi-Kanagawa – Ōguchi – Kikuna – Shin-Yokohama – Kozukue – Kamoi – Nakayama – Tōkaichiba – Nagatsuta –

■ Nambu Line

• – Yakō –

■ Tsurumi Line

• Main Line : Tsurumi – Kokudō – Tsurumi-Ono – Bentembashi – Asano – Anzen –
• Umi-Shibaura Branch : Asano – Shin-Shibaura – Umi-Shibaura

■ Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central)

■ Tōkaidō Shinkansen

• – Shin-Yokohama –

■ Keikyu

■ Keikyu Main Line

• – Tsurumi-Ichiba – Keikyū Tsurumi – Kagetsuen-mae – Namamugi – Keikyū Shin-Koyasu – Koyasu – Kanagawa-Shinmachi – Naka-Kido – Kanagawa – Yokohama – Tobe – Hinodechō – Koganechō – Minami-Ōta – Idogaya – Gumyōji – Kami-Ōoka – Byōbugaura – Sugita – Keikyū Tomioka – Nōkendai – Kanazawa-Bunko – Kanazawa-Hakkei –

■ Keikyu Zushi Line

• Kanazawa-Hakkei – Mutsuura –

■ Tokyu Railways

■ Tōyoko Line

• – Hiyoshi – Tsunashima – Ōkurayama – Kikuna – Myōrenji – Hakuraku – Higashi-Hakuraku – Tammachi – Yokohama

■ Meguro Line

• – Hiyoshi

■ Den-en-toshi Line

• – Tama-Plaza – Azamino – Eda – Ichigao – Fujigaoka – Aobadai – Tana – Nagatsuta –

■ Kodomonokuni Line

• Nagatsuta – Onda – Kodomonokuni

■ Sagami Railway

■ Sagami Railway Main Line

• Yokohama – Hiranumabashi – Nishi-Yokohama – Tennōchō – Hoshikawa – Wadamachi – Kamihoshikawa – Nishiya – Tsurugamine – Futamatagawa – Kibōgaoka – Mitsukyō – Seya –

■ Izumino Line

• Futamatagawa – Minami-Makigahara – Ryokuentoshi – Yayoidai – Izumino – Izumi-chūō – Yumegaoka

■ Yokohama Minatomirai Railway

■ Minatomirai Line

• Yokohama – Shin-Takashima – Minato Mirai – Bashamichi – Nihon-ōdōri – Motomachi-Chūkagai

■ Yokohama City Transportation Bureau (Yokohama Municipal Subway)

■ Blue Line

• – Shimoiida – Tateba – Nakada – Odoriba – Totsuka – Maioka – Shimonagaya – Kaminagaya – Kōnan-Chūō – Kami-Ōoka – Gumyōji – Maita – Yoshinochō – Bandōbashi – Isezakichōjamachi – Kannai – Sakuragichō – Takashimachō – Yokohama – Mitsuzawa-shimochō – Mitsuzawa-kamichō – Katakurachō – Kishine-kōen – Shin-Yokohama – Kita Shin-Yokohama – Nippa – Nakamachidai – Center Minami – Center Kita – Nakagawa – Azamino

■ Green Line

• Nakayama – Kawawachō – Tsuzuki-Fureai-no-Oka – Center Minami – Center Kita – Kita-Yamata – Higashi-Yamata – Takata – Hiyoshi-Honchō – Hiyoshi

■ Yokohama New Transit

■ Kanazawa Seaside Line

• Shin-Sugita – Nambu-Shijō – Torihama – Namiki-Kita – Namiki-Chūō – Sachiura – Sangyō-Shinkō-Center – Fukuura – Shidai-Igakubu – Hakkeijima – Uminokōen-Shibaguchi – Uminokōen-Minamiguchi – Nojimakōen – Kanazawa-Hakkei

EducationEdit

Public elementary and middle schools are operated by the city of Yokohama. There are nine public high schools which are operated by the Yokohama City Board of Education,^[31] and a number of public high schools which are operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education. Yokohama National University is a leading university in Yokohama which is also one of the highest ranking national universities in Japan.

• 46,388 children attend the 260 kindergartens.
• Almost 386,000 students are taught in 351 primary schools.
• There are 16 universities including Yokohama National University. The number of students is around 83,000.
• 19 public libraries had 9.5 million loans in 2016.^[22]

International relationsEdit

Twin towns – sister citiesEdit

Yokohama is twinned with:^[32]

•   Constanța, Constanța County, Romania (since October 1977)
•   Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France (since April 1959)
•   Manila, Philippines (since July 1965)
•   Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (since June 1965)
•   Odesa, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine (since July 1965)
•   San Diego, CA, United States (former partnership, October 1957–October 2021)
•   San Francisco, CA, United States (since October 2021)
•   Shanghai, China (since November 1973)
•   Vancouver, BC, Canada (since July 1965)

Partner citiesEdit

•   Abidjan, Ivory Coast
•   Beijing, China (since May 2006)
•   Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (since June 2008)
•   Busan, South Korea (since June 2006)
•   Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany (since September 2011)
•   Hanoi, Vietnam (since November 2007)
•   Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (since October 2007)
•   Incheon, South Korea (since December 2009)
•   Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia (since August 2016)^[33]
•   Taipei, Taiwan (since May 2006)
•   Tel Aviv, Israel (since July 2012)
•   Tianjin, China (since May 2008)

Sister portsEdit

•   Port of Barcelona, Spain (since November 1989)
•   Port of Dalian (friendship port treaty, since September 1990)
•   Port of Hamburg, Germany (since October 1992)
•   Port of Melbourne, Australia (since May 1986)
•   Port of Oakland, United States (since May 1980)
•   Port of Vancouver, Canada (since May 1981)
•   Port of Shanghai (friendship port treaty, since October 1983)

Notable peopleEdit

• Toru Furuya, singer and seiyū
• Yuma Kagiyama, figure skater
• Miki Koyama, racing driver
• Takehito Koyasu, singer and seiyū
• Ryuji Kumita, racing driver and CEO of B-Max Racing
• Keisuke Kunimoto, racing driver
• Yuji Kunimoto, racing driver
• Minoru Suzuki, professional wrestler
• Yuta Watanabe, NBA player for the Toronto Raptors.
• Radwimps

ReferencesEdit

CitationsEdit

1. ^ «YOKOHAMA | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com». En.oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
2. ^ «Memories of old Honmoku». The Japan Times. May 19, 1999. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
3. ^ «Yokohama City History, pg. 3» (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
4. ^ Der Große Brockhaus. 16. edition. Vol. 6. F. A. Brockhaus, Wiesbaden 1955, p. 82
5. ^ «Official Yokohama city website it is fresh». City.yokohama.jp. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
6. ^ Arita, Erika, «Happy Birthday Yokohama! Archived August 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine», The Japan Times, May 24, 2009, p. 7.
7. ^ Fukue, Natsuko, «Chinese immigrants played vital role Archived August 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine», Japan Times, May 28, 2009, p. 3.
8. ^ Matsutani, Minoru, «Yokohama – city on the cutting edge Archived August 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine», Japan Times, May 29, 2009, p. 3.
9. ^ Galbraith, Michael (June 16, 2013). «Death threats sparked Japan’s first cricket game». Japan Times. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
10. ^ ^{a b} «Interesting Tidbits of Yokohama». Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2009.
11. ^ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 143. Archived February 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
12. ^ Hammer, pp. 149 Archived February 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine-170.
13. ^ «Tsurumi River Multipurpose Retarding Basin». www.japanriver.or.jp. Archived from the original on September 26, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
14. ^ «Collection of 1923 Japan earthquake massacre testimonies released». www.hani.co.kr. September 3, 2013. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
15. ^ «FNN Remembering 3/11: Yokohama station and surrounding areas at time of earthquake occurrence». www.fnn-news.com. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
16. ^ «Yokohama, Japan Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)». Weatherbase. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
17. ^ «Yokohama Weather, When to Go and Yokohama Climate Information». world-guides.com. Archived from the original on April 30, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
18. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
19. ^ Japanese Imperial Commission (1878). Le Japon à l’exposition universelle de 1878. Géographie et histoire du Japon (in French).
20. ^ 横浜市区別外国人登録人口（平成30年3月末現在）. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
21. ^ «Webseite des Kulturzentrums». Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
22. ^ ^{a b c} «Statistical Booklet Book of Yokohama 2018» (PDF). www.city.yokohama.lg.jp. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 16, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
23. ^ Tagesthemen. Beitrag in der Nachrichtensendung der ARD, Moderation: Ingo Zamperoni, 30. November 2020, 35 Min. Eine Produktion von Das Erste
24. ^ «Virtual Yokohama: Interactive Website Launched». Business wire. April 28, 2022. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
25. ^ «Nissan To Create New Global and Domestic Headquarters in Yokohama City by 2010». Japancorp.net. Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
26. ^ «Yokohama GDP 2015». Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
27. ^ «Yokohama 2015 population» (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
28. ^ «「平成28年度 横浜市の市民経済計算」がまとまりました。» (PDF). 横浜市. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
29. ^ «Ports & World Trade». www.aapa-ports.org. Archived from the original on May 4, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
30. ^ «Chinese Ports Lead the World in Berth Productivity, JOC Group Inc. Data Shows». Press Release. AXIO Data Group. JOC Inc. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
31. ^ «Official Yokohama city website». City.yokohama.jp. Archived from the original on June 19, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
32. ^ «Yokohama’s Sister／Friendship Cities». city.yokohama.lg.jp. Yokohama. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
33. ^ «MPSP sets sights on city status». The Star. August 1, 2016. Archived from the original on July 5, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018.

SourcesEdit

• Hammer, Joshua (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II Archived June 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6465-5 (cloth).
• Heilbrun, Jacob. «Aftershocks» Archived January 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times, September 17, 2006.

External linksEdit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yokohama.

• Official Website (in Japanese)
• Yokohama Tourism Website (in English)
•   Geographic data related to Yokohama at OpenStreetMap

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<>

Yokohama

существительное

Иокогама

ж.р.
(geogr)

Workshop on Feeding Asian Cities and Japan’s Role, 2 December 2000, Yokohama, Japan/CITYNET, FAO Japan Liaison Office

Практикум по вопросу о продовольственном снабжении азиатских городов и роли Японии, 2 декабря 2000 года, Иокогама, Япония/СИТИНЕТ, Отделение связи ФАО в Японии.

Йокогама

ж.р.

Tokyo is bigger than Yokohama.

Токио больше, чем Йокогама.

другие переводы 1

свернуть

Словосочетания (22)

1. Bank of yokohama — Банк Иокогамы
2. Bank of Yokohama — Bank of Yokohama
3. International stadium yokohama — International Stadium Yokohama
4. Pacifico Yokohama — Pacifico Yokohama
5. Pan Pacific Yokohama Bay Hotel Tokyu — Pan Pacific Yokohama Bay Hotel Tokyu
6. Shin — Yokohama — Shin-Yokohama
7. Toyoko Inn Yokohama Stadium-Mae Shinkan — Toyoko Inn Yokohama Stadium-Mae Shinkan
8. Toyoko Inn Yokohama Tsurumi-Eki Higashi-Guchi — Toyoko Inn Yokohama Tsurumi-Eki Higashi-Guchi
9. Yokohama Arena — спортивная арена Yokohama Arena
10. Yokohama Bay Sheraton Hotel And Towers — Yokohama Bay Sheraton Hotel And Towers

Контексты

Workshop on Feeding Asian Cities and Japan’s Role, 2 December 2000, Yokohama, Japan/CITYNET, FAO Japan Liaison Office
Практикум по вопросу о продовольственном снабжении азиатских городов и роли Японии, 2 декабря 2000 года, Иокогама, Япония/СИТИНЕТ, Отделение связи ФАО в Японии.

At its 1st meeting, the Preparatory Committee considered the agenda item 7, entitled “Draft annotated outline of the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action”.
На своем 1-м заседании Подготовительный комитет рассмотрел пункт 7 повестки дня, озаглавленный » Проект аннотированного плана Иокогамской стратегии и Плана действий «.

Tokyo is bigger than Yokohama.
Токио больше, чем Йокогама.

The Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly should launch a 10-year review of the implementation of the outcome of the Yokohama World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction preparatory process beginning in 2002 in order to ensure that a comprehensive assessment is made of progress in disaster reduction with a view to identifying ways of further strengthening the efforts of the international community in support of this objective.
Экономическому и Социальному Совету и Генеральной Ассамблее следует начать в 2002 году процесс подготовки к десятилетнему обзору хода выполнения решений состоявшейся в Йокохаме Всемирной конференции по уменьшению опасности стихийных бедствий, с тем чтобы обеспечить проведение всесторонней оценки прогресса в деле уменьшения опасности стихийных бедствий для определения путей дальнейшей активизации усилий международного сообщества по осуществлению этой цели.

The route, open from July to November, is about a third shorter than the almost 13,000-mile journey from Rotterdam to Yokohama via the Suez Canal, saving time and fuel.
Этот действующий с июля по ноябрь маршрут примерно на треть короче пути из Роттердама в Иокогаму через Суэцкий канал, что дает экономию времени и топлива.

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This article is about the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture. For other uses, see Yokohama (disambiguation).

Yokohama (Japanese: 横浜, pronounced [jokohama] (listen)) is the second-largest city in Japan by population^[1] and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. Yokohama is also the major economic, cultural, and commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area along the Keihin Industrial Zone.

Yokohama 横浜市
Designated city
City of Yokohama
From top, left to right: Minato Mirai 21 at dusk, Nippon Maru Memorial Park, Yokohama Chinatown, Motomachi Shopping Street, Sankei-en, Harbor View Park, Yokohama Marine Tower viewed from Yamashita Park and Ōsanbashi Pier
Flag Emblem
Interactive map outlining Yokohama
Location of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture
Yokohama
Coordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°ECoordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°E
Country	Japan
Region	Kantō
Prefecture	Kanagawa Prefecture
Government
• Mayor	Takeharu Yamanaka
Area
• Total	437.38 km2 (168.87 sq mi)
Population  (October 1, 2022)
• Total	3,771,961
• Density	8,600/km2 (22,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
– Tree	Camellia, Chinquapin, Sangoju Sasanqua, Ginkgo, Zelkova
– Flower	Dahlia Rose
Address	1-1 Minato-chō, Naka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken 231-0017
Website	www.city.yokohama.lg.jp

Yokohama
«Yokohama» in new-style (shinjitai) kanji
Japanese name
Hiragana	よこはま
Katakana	ヨコハマ
Kyūjitai	橫濱
Shinjitai	横浜
Transcriptions Romanization Yokohama

Yokohama was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1859 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city, after Kobe opened in 1853. Yokohama is the home of many Japan’s firsts in the Meiji period, including the first foreign trading port and Chinatown (1859), European-style sport venues (1860s), English-language newspaper (1861), confectionery and beer manufacturing (1865), daily newspaper (1870), gas-powered street lamps (1870s), railway station (1872), and power plant (1882). Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan’s prominent port city following the end of Japan’s relative isolation in the mid-19th century and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Tokyo and Chiba. Yokohama is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis.^[2]

Yokohama is the largest port city and high tech industrial hub in the Greater Tokyo Area and the Kantō region. The city proper is headquarters to companies such as Isuzu, Nissan, JVCKenwood, Keikyu, Koei Tecmo, Sotetsu, Salesforce Japan and Bank of Yokohama. Famous landmarks in Yokohama include Minato Mirai 21, Nippon Maru Memorial Park, Yokohama Chinatown, Motomachi Shopping Street, Yokohama Marine Tower, Yamashita Park, and Ōsanbashi Pier.

EtymologyEdit

Yokohama (横浜) means «horizontal beach».^[3] The current area surrounded by Maita Park, the Ōoka River and the Nakamura River have been a gulf divided by a sandbar from the open sea. This sandbar was the original Yokohama fishing village. Since the sandbar protruded perpendicularly from the land, or horizontally when viewed from the sea, it was called a «horizontal beach».^[4]

HistoryEdit

Opening of the Treaty Port (1859–1868)Edit

Before the Western foreigners arrived, Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners.^[5] A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.^[6]

It was initially agreed that one of the ports to be opened to foreign ships would be the bustling town of Kanagawa-juku (in what is now Kanagawa Ward) on the Tōkaidō, a strategic highway that linked Edo to Kyoto and Osaka. However, the Tokugawa shogunate decided that Kanagawa-juku was too close to the Tōkaidō for comfort, and port facilities were instead built across the inlet in the sleepy fishing village of Yokohama. The Port of Yokohama was officially opened on June 2, 1859.^[7]

Yokohama quickly became the base of foreign trade in Japan. Foreigners initially occupied the low-lying district of the city called Kannai, residential districts later expanding as the settlement grew to incorporate much of the elevated Yamate district overlooking the city, commonly referred to by English speaking residents as The Bluff.

Kannai, the foreign trade and commercial district (literally, inside the barrier), was surrounded by a moat, foreign residents enjoying extraterritorial status both within and outside the compound. Interactions with the local population, particularly young samurai, outside the settlement inevitably caused problems; the Namamugi Incident, one of the events that preceded the downfall of the shogunate, took place in what is now Tsurumi Ward in 1862, and prompted the Bombardment of Kagoshima in 1863.

To protect British commercial and diplomatic interests in Yokohama a military garrison was established in 1862. With the growth in trade increasing numbers of Chinese also came to settle in the city.^[8] Yokohama was the scene of many notable firsts for Japan including the growing acceptance of western fashion, photography by pioneers such as Felice Beato, Japan’s first English language newspaper, the Japan Herald published in 1861 and in 1865 the first ice cream confectionery and beer to be produced in Japan.^[9] Recreational sports introduced to Japan by foreign residents in Yokohama included European style horse racing in 1862, cricket in 1863^[10] and rugby union in 1866. A great fire destroyed much of the foreign settlement on November 26, 1866, and smallpox was a recurrent public health hazard, but the city continued to grow rapidly – attracting foreigners and Japanese alike.

• Gallery

• Landing of Commodore Perry and men to meet the Imperial commissioners at Yokohama, 14 July 1853

• Foreign ships in Yokohama harbor in 1861

• A foreign trading house in Yokohama in 1861

Meiji and Taisho Periods (1868–1923)Edit

After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the port was developed for trading silk, the main trading partner being Great Britain. Western influence and technological transfer contributed to the establishment of Japan’s first daily newspaper (1870), first gas-powered street lamps (1872) and Japan’s first railway constructed in the same year to connect Yokohama to Shinagawa and Shinbashi in Tokyo. In 1872 Jules Verne portrayed Yokohama, which he had never visited, in an episode of his widely read novel Around the World in Eighty Days, capturing the atmosphere of the fast-developing, internationally oriented Japanese city.

In 1887, a British merchant, Samuel Cocking, built the city’s first power plant. At first for his own use, this coal power plant became the basis for the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company. The city was officially incorporated on April 1, 1889.^[11] By the time the extraterritoriality of foreigner areas was abolished in 1899, Yokohama was the most international city in Japan, with foreigner areas stretching from Kannai to the Bluff area and the large Yokohama Chinatown.

The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city toward Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, then the largest slum in Japan.

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Great Kantō earthquake and the Second World War (1923–1945)Edit

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• View of Yokohama after the bombing in 1945

Much of Yokohama was destroyed on September 1, 1923, by the Great Kantō earthquake. The Yokohama police reported casualties at 30,771 dead and 47,908 injured, out of a pre-earthquake population of 434,170.^[12] Fuelled by rumors of rebellion and sabotage, vigilante mobs thereupon murdered many Koreans in the Kojiki-yato slum.^[13] Many people believed that Koreans used black magic to cause the earthquake. Martial law was in place until November 19. Rubble from the quake was used to reclaim land for parks, the most famous being the Yamashita Park on the waterfront which opened in 1930.

Yokohama was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again by U.S. air raids during World War II. The first bombing was in the April 18, 1942 Doolittle Raid. An estimated 7,000–8,000 people were killed in a single morning on May 29, 1945, in what is now known as the Great Yokohama Air Raid, when B-29s firebombed the city and in just one hour and nine minutes, reducing 42% of it to rubble.^[11]

Postwar growth and developmentEdit

During the American occupation, Yokohama was a major transshipment base for American supplies and personnel, especially during the Korean War. After the occupation, most local U.S. naval activity moved from Yokohama to an American base in nearby Yokosuka.

Four years after the Treaty of San Francisco signed, the city was designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956.^{[citation needed]} The city’s tram and trolleybus system was abolished in 1972, the same year as the opening of the first line of Yokohama Municipal Subway. Construction of Minato Mirai 21 («Port Future 21»), a major urban development project on reclaimed land started in 1983, nicknamed the «Philadelphia and Boston of the Orient» was compared to Center City, Philadelphia and Downtown Boston located in the East Coast of the United States. Minato Mirai 21 hosted the Yokohama Exotic Showcase in 1989, which saw the first public operation of maglev trains in Japan and the opening of Cosmo Clock 21, then the tallest Ferris wheel in the world. The 860-metre-long (2,820 ft) Yokohama Bay Bridge opened in the same year. In 1993, Minato Mirai 21 saw the opening of the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the third-tallest building in Japan.

The 2002 FIFA World Cup final was held in June at the International Stadium Yokohama. In 2009, the city marked the 150th anniversary of the opening of the port and the 120th anniversary of the commencement of the City Administration. An early part in the commemoration project incorporated the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), which was held in Yokohama in May 2008. In November 2010, Yokohama hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting.

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GeographyEdit

Sentinel-2 image of Yokohama (2020)

TopographyEdit

Yokohama has a total area of 437.38 km² (168.87 sq mi) at an elevation of 5 metres (16 ft) above sea level. It is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, bordered to the east by Tokyo Bay and located in the middle of the Kantō plain. The city is surrounded by hills and the characteristic mountain system of the island of Honshū, so its growth has been limited and it has had to gain ground from the sea. This also affects the population density, one of the highest in Japan with 8,500 inhabitants per km².

The highest points within the urban boundary are Omaruyama (156 m [512 ft]) and Mount Enkaizan (153 m [502 ft]). The main river is the Tsurumi River, which begins in the Tama Hills and empties into the Pacific Ocean.^[14]

These municipalities surround Yokohama: Kawasaki, Yokosuka, Zushi, Kamakura, Fujisawa, Yamato, Machida.

GeologyEdit

The city is very prone to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and tropical cyclones because the island of Honshū has a high level of seismic activity, being in the middle of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Most seismic movements are of low intensity and are generally not perceived by people. However, Yokohama has experienced two major tremors that reflect the evolution of Earthquake engineering: the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake devastated the city and caused more than 100,000 fatalities throughout the region,^[15] while the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, with its epicenter on the east coast, was felt in the locality but only material damage was lamented because most buildings were already prepared to withstand them.^[16]

ClimateEdit

Yokohama features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, humid summers and chilly winters.^[17] Weatherwise, Yokohama has a pattern of rain, clouds and sun, although in winter, it is surprisingly sunny, more so than Southern Spain. Winter temperatures rarely drop below freezing, while summer can seem quite warm, because of the effects of humidity.^[18] The coldest temperature was on 24 January 1927 when −8.2 °C (17.2 °F) was reached, whilst the hottest day was 11 August 2013 at 37.4 °C (99.3 °F). The highest monthly rainfall was in October 2004 with 761.5 millimetres (30.0 in), closely followed by July 1941 with 753.4 millimetres (29.66 in), whilst December and January have recorded no measurable precipitation three times each.

Climate data for Yokohama (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1896−present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	20.8 (69.4)	24.8 (76.6)	24.5 (76.1)	28.7 (83.7)	31.3 (88.3)	36.1 (97.0)	37.2 (99.0)	37.4 (99.3)	36.2 (97.2)	32.4 (90.3)	26.2 (79.2)	23.7 (74.7)	37.4 (99.3)
Average high °C (°F)	10.2 (50.4)	10.8 (51.4)	14.0 (57.2)	18.9 (66.0)	23.1 (73.6)	25.5 (77.9)	29.4 (84.9)	31.0 (87.8)	27.3 (81.1)	22.0 (71.6)	17.1 (62.8)	12.5 (54.5)	20.2 (68.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	6.1 (43.0)	6.7 (44.1)	9.7 (49.5)	14.5 (58.1)	18.8 (65.8)	21.8 (71.2)	25.6 (78.1)	27.0 (80.6)	23.7 (74.7)	18.5 (65.3)	13.4 (56.1)	8.7 (47.7)	16.2 (61.2)
Average low °C (°F)	2.7 (36.9)	3.1 (37.6)	6.0 (42.8)	10.7 (51.3)	15.5 (59.9)	19.1 (66.4)	22.9 (73.2)	24.3 (75.7)	21.0 (69.8)	15.7 (60.3)	10.1 (50.2)	5.2 (41.4)	13.0 (55.4)
Record low °C (°F)	−8.2 (17.2)	−6.8 (19.8)	−4.6 (23.7)	−0.5 (31.1)	3.6 (38.5)	9.2 (48.6)	13.3 (55.9)	15.5 (59.9)	11.2 (52.2)	2.2 (36.0)	−2.4 (27.7)	−5.6 (21.9)	−8.2 (17.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	64.7 (2.55)	64.7 (2.55)	139.5 (5.49)	143.1 (5.63)	152.6 (6.01)	188.8 (7.43)	182.5 (7.19)	139.0 (5.47)	241.5 (9.51)	240.4 (9.46)	107.6 (4.24)	66.4 (2.61)	1,730.8 (68.14)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	4 (1.6)	4 (1.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	9 (3.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm)	5.7	6.3	11.0	10.7	11.1	13.5	12.0	8.8	12.7	12.1	8.6	6.2	118.8
Average relative humidity (%)	53	54	60	65	70	78	78	76	76	71	65	57	67
Mean monthly sunshine hours	192.7	167.2	168.8	181.2	187.4	135.9	170.9	206.4	141.2	137.3	151.1	178.1	2,018.3
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[19]

CityscapeEdit

• Yokohama night view (2014)

• View from Mosaic Mall Kohoku (2015)

Yokohama skyline from Grand Oriental Hotel rooftop (2015)

DemographicsEdit

PopulationEdit

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1870	64,602[20]	—
1880	72,630	+12.4%
1890	132,627	+82.6%
1900	196,653	+48.3%
1910	403,303	+105.1%
1920	422,942	+4.9%
1925	405,888	−4.0%
1930	620,306	+52.8%
1935	704,290	+13.5%
1940	968,091	+37.5%
1945	814,379	−15.9%
1950	951,188	+16.8%
1955	1,143,687	+20.2%
1960	1,375,710	+20.3%
1965	1,788,915	+30.0%
1970	2,238,264	+25.1%
1975	2,621,771	+17.1%
1980	2,773,674	+5.8%
1985	2,992,926	+7.9%
1990	3,220,331	+7.6%
1995	3,307,136	+2.7%
2000	3,426,651	+3.6%
2005	3,579,133	+4.4%
2010	3,670,669	+2.6%
2015	3,710,824	+1.1%
2020	3,760,157	+1.3%

Yokohama’s foreign population of 92,139 includes Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, and Vietnamese.^[21]

WardsEdit

Yokohama has 18 wards (ku):

Wards of Yokohama
	Place Name				Map of Yokohama
Rōmaji	Kanji	Population	Land area in km2	Pop. density per km2
1	Aoba-ku	青葉区	302,643	35.14	8,610
2	Asahi-ku	旭区	249,045	32.77	7,600
3	Hodogaya-ku	保土ヶ谷区	205,887	21.81	9,400
4	Isogo-ku	磯子区	163,406	19.17	8,520
5	Izumi-ku	泉区	155,674	23.51	6,620
6	Kanagawa-ku	神奈川区	230,401	23.88	9,650
7	Kanazawa-ku	金沢区	209,565	31.01	6,760
8	Kōhoku-ku	港北区	332,488	31.40	10,588
9	Kōnan-ku	港南区	221,536	19.87	11,500
10	Midori-ku	緑区	176,038	25.42	6,900
11	Minami-ku	南区	197,019	12.67	15,500
12	Naka-ku (administrative center)	中区	146,563	20.86	7,030
13	Nishi-ku	西区	93,210	7.04	13,210
14	Sakae-ku	栄区	124,845	18.55	6,750
15	Seya-ku	瀬谷区	126,839	17.11	7,390
16	Totsuka-ku	戸塚区	274,783	35.70	7,697
17	Tsurumi-ku	鶴見区	270,433	33.23	8,140
18	Tsuzuki-ku	都筑区	211,455	27.93	7,535

Government and politicsEdit

The Yokohama City Council consists of 86 members elected from a total of 18 Wards. The LDP has minority control with 36 seats. The incumbent mayor is Takeharu Yamanaka, who defeated Fumiko Hayashi in the 2021 Yokohama mayoral election.

List of mayors (from 1889)Edit

Nº Name Term start Term end 1 Tomo Masuda (増田知) 18 June 1889 15 February 1890 2 Kigiemon Sato (佐藤喜左衛門) 3 March 1890 2 March 1896 3 Yoshinobu Umeda (梅田義信) 3 June 1896 20 September 1902 4 Morihiro Ichihara (市原盛宏) 9 January 1903 2 May 1906 5 Nobutaka Mitsuhashi (三橋信方) 28 September 1906 25 June 1910 6 Yoshitaro Arakawa (荒川義太郎) 10 September 1910 13 November 1913 7 Kensuke Ando (安藤謙介) 24 July 1914 23 July 1918

Nº Name Term start Term end 8 Kiyochika Kubota (久保田政周) 26 August 1918 27 May 1922 9 Katsusaburo Watanabe (渡辺勝三郎) 29 November 1922 10 April 1925 10 Chuichi Ariyoshi (有吉忠一) 7 May 1925 26 February 1931 11 Ichiro Onishi (大西一郎) 3 March 1931 18 July 1935 12 Shuzo Aoki (青木周三) 3 August 1935 10 February 1941 13 Kiyoshi Nakarai (半井清) 10 February 1941 30 November 1946 14 Kyoichi Ishikawa (石河京市) 9 April 1947 4 April 1951

Nº Name Term start Term end 15-16 Ryozo Hiranuma (平沼亮三) 25 April 1955 13 February 1959 17 Kiyoshi Nakarai 25 April 1959 22 April 1963 18-21 Ichiyo Asukata (飛鳥田一雄) 23 April 1963 1 March 1978 22-24 Michikazu Saigo (細郷道一) 16 April 1978 15 February 1990 25-27 Hidenobu Takahide (高秀秀信) 8 April 1990 7 April 2002 28-29 Kiyoshi Nakada (中田宏) 8 April 2002 17 August 2009 30-33 Fumiko Hayashi (林文子) 30 August 2009 30 August 2021 33 Takeharu Yamanaka (山中竹春) 30 August 2021 Incumbent

Culture and sightsEdit

Cherry blossoms on the Kisha-michi Promenade

Yokohama’s cultural and tourist sights include:

• Yokohama Chinatown
• Yokohama Three Towers
• Yamashita Park (at the harbor)
• Harbor View Park
• The Hikawa Maru, historic passenger and cargo ship
• Yokohama Marine Tower
• Yokohama Triennale
• Minato Mirai 21
• Landmark Tower, 296 m high, second tallest skyscraper in Japan
• Nippon Maru, museum ship
• Yokohama Stadium (the Yokohama DeNA BayStars Pro baseball team’s home field)
• Yokohama Foreign Cemetery
• Sankei-en Garden
• Kishine-Park
• Kanazawa Bunko, preserves the cultural heritage of the Hōjō clan
• Zō-no-Hana Terrace (象の鼻テラス)^[22]
• Gumyōji, oldest temple in the city

MuseumsEdit

Yokohama Triennale at Yamashita Pier venue

There are 42 museums in the city area, including.^[23]

• CupNoodles Museum (Momofuku Andō Instant Ramen Museum): Several-floors of interactive exhibits related to the invention of the Japanese instant noodle soup, including soup kitchens where you can try the culture-specific noodle soups.
• Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History: Located in the historic Yokohama Specie Bank building.
• Kanazawa Bunko: Traditional Japanese and Chinese art objects, many dating from the Kamakura period.
• Matsuri Museum: Dedicated to the shrine festivals (Japanese Matsuri) taking place in Yokohama.
• Silk Museum: Exhibits focusing on the production and processing of silk; including many clothes.
• Yokohama Archives of History: Located in the former British Consulate building with exhibits related to port development and the arrival of Matthew Perry.
• Yokohama Museum of Art: Founded in 1989, featuring modern works by well-known international and Japanese artists.

GalleryEdit

• Mitsui Outlet Park Yokohama Bayside

• Yokohama Municipal Kanazawa Zoo

• Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery

Excursion destinationsEdit

In 2016, 46,017,157 tourists visited the city, 13.1% of whom were overnight guests.^[23]

• Kodomo no kuni: Means «Children’s country». A nice destination to spend an eventful day with the family. Lots of space for walking and playing. There is also a petting zoo.
• Nogeyama Zoo: One of the few zoos that do not charge admission. It has a large number of animals and a petting zoo where children can play with small animals.
• Zoorasia: Nice zoo with lots of play options for children. However, in this zoo admission costs.
• Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise: A large park with an aquarium. Otherwise rides, shops, restaurants, etc.
• Since 2020, after six years of development, a giant robot named Gundam, which is 18 meters high and weighs 25 tons, has been watching over the port area as a tourist attraction. The giant robot, in which there is a cockpit and whose hands are each two meters long, is based as a figure on a science fiction television series, can move and sink to its knees.^[24] The giant robot was manufactured by the company «Gundam Factory Yokohama» under Managing Director Shin Sasaki.
• Kamonyama Park

In popular mediaEdit

• Yukio Mishima’s novel The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea is set mainly in Yokohama. Mishima describes the city’s port and its houses, and the Western influences that shaped them.
• From Up on Poppy Hill is a 2011 Studio Ghibli animated drama film directed by Gorō Miyazaki set in the Yamate district of Yokohama. The film is based on the serialized Japanese comic book of the same name.
• The main setting of James Clavell’s book Gai-Jin is in historical Yokohama.
• Vermillion City in the Kanto region from the Pokémon franchise is based on Yokohama.
• One of the Pretty Cure crossover movies takes place in Yokohama. In the fourth movie of the series, Pretty Cure All Stars New Stage: Friends of the Future, the Pretty Cure appear standing on top of the Cosmo Clock 21 in Minato Mirai.
• The main setting of the Japanese visual novel series Muv-Luv, first a school and then, in an alternate history, a military base is built in Yokohama with the objective of carrying out the Alternative IV Plan meant to save humanity.
• In Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3, Yokohama is under siege by the Soviet Union and Allied Nations to stop the Empire of The Rising Sun. The player must defend Yokohama and then lead a counterattack as the Empire.
• The manga Bungo Stray Dogs is set in Yokohama.
• The Japanese mixed-media project, Hamatora takes place in Yokohama.
• The final battle in Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack takes place in Yokohama.
• In My Hero Academia, it is the location of the Nomu Warehouse where they created artificial Humans (a.k.a. Nomus).
• Sumaru City in Persona 2: Innocent Sin and Eternal Punishment is based on Yokohama.
• Miyabi City in The Caligula Effect is based on Yokohama, including depictions of landmarks such as an unfinished Landmark Tower and Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise (referred to in game as Sea Paraiso).
• The video game Yakuza: Like a Dragon is set in Isezaki Ijincho, a fictional district in Yokohama based on Isezakichō.
• Yokohama is also represented in the multimedia project by King Records, Hypnosis Mic: Division Rap Battle
• Yokohama is the main setting of Japanese manga and anime series Komi Can’t Communicate. Multiple of the cities’ landmarks are featured on the manga, most notably in the more recently released chapters.
• Yokohama is the setting of the anime After the Rain as well as manga series with the same title by Jun Mayuzuki.
• In April 2022, The Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau announced the launch of a new interactive website to aid in the tourism and MICE elements of the city.^[25]

SportsEdit

• Baseball: Yokohama DeNA BayStars
• Football: Yokohama F. Marinos (J.League Division 1), Yokohama FC (J.League Division 1), YSCC Yokohama (J.League Division 3), NHK Yokohama FC Seagulls (Nadeshiko League Div.2)
• Velodrome: Kagetsu-en Velodrome
• Basketball: Yokohama B-Corsairs
• Rugby Union: Yokohama Eagles
• Tennis: Ai Sugiyama
• American football: Yokohama Harbors
• Ice Hockey: Yokohama Grits

Economy and infrastructureEdit

The city has a strong economic base, especially in the shipping, biotechnology, and semiconductor industries. Nissan moved its headquarters to Yokohama from Chūō, Tokyo in 2010.^[26]
Yokohama’s GDP per capita (Nominal) was $30,625 ($1=¥120.13).^[27][28]

As of 2016, the total production in Yokohama city reached ¥13.56 billion. It is located between Shizuoka and Hiroshima Prefectures compared to domestic prefectures.^[29] It is located between Hungary, which ranks 26th, and New Zealand, which ranks 27th compared to OECD countries. Generally, the primary industry is 0.1%, the secondary industry is 21.7%, and the tertiary industry is 82.3%. The ratio of the primary industry is low, and the ratio of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry is high. Compared to other ordinance-designated cities, it is about 60% of the size of Osaka, which is almost the same as Nagoya. As shown in the attached table, there are not a few head office companies, but the major inferiority to Osaka is the traditional difference, the strong bed.^{[clarification needed]} In connection with this, the absence of large block-type companies (JR, NTT, electric power, gas, major commercial broadcasters, etc.) has had an impact.

The breakdown is ¥11.9 million yen (0.1%) for the primary industry, ¥2.75 billion (21.7%) for the secondary industry, and ¥10.44 billion yen (82.3%) for the tertiary industry. Compared to other government-designated cities, the amount of the primary industry, the ratio of the construction industry of the secondary industry, and the ratio of the real estate industry of the tertiary industry are large, and the finance, insurance, wholesale, and retail of the tertiary industry The ratio of industry and service industry is small, but the tertiary industry is almost the same as Nagoya.

Major companies headquarteredEdit

• Isuzu headquarters in Nishi-ku

TransportEdit

A route map in Yokohama and Tokyo (JR East)

Yokohama is serviced by the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed rail line with a stop at Shin-Yokohama Station. Yokohama Station is also a major station, with two million passengers daily. The Yokohama Municipal Subway, Minatomirai Line and Kanazawa Seaside Line provide metro services.

Maritime transportEdit

Yokohama is the world’s 31st largest seaport in terms of total cargo volume, at 121,326 freight tons as of 2011, and is ranked 37th in terms of TEUs (Twenty-foot equivalent units).^[30]

In 2013, APM Terminals Yokohama facility was recognized as the most productive container terminal in the world averaging 163 crane moves per hour, per ship between the vessel’s arrival and departure at the berth.^[31]

Rail transportEdit

Railway stationsEdit

■ East Japan Railway Company (JR East)

■ Tōkaidō Main Line

• – Yokohama – Totsuka –

■ Yokosuka Line

• – Yokohama – Hodogaya – Higashi-Totsuka – Totsuka –

■ Keihin-Tōhoku Line

• – Tsurumi – Shin-Koyasu – Higashi-Kanagawa – Yokohama

■ Negishi Line

• Yokohama – Sakuragichō – Kannai – Ishikawachō – Yamate – Negishi – Isogo – Shin-Sugita – Yōkōdai – Kōnandai – Hongōdai –

■ Yokohama Line

• Higashi-Kanagawa – Ōguchi – Kikuna – Shin-Yokohama – Kozukue – Kamoi – Nakayama – Tōkaichiba – Nagatsuta –

■ Nambu Line

• – Yakō –

■ Tsurumi Line

• Main Line : Tsurumi – Kokudō – Tsurumi-Ono – Bentembashi – Asano – Anzen –
• Umi-Shibaura Branch : Asano – Shin-Shibaura – Umi-Shibaura

■ Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central)

■ Tōkaidō Shinkansen

• – Shin-Yokohama –

■ Keikyu

■ Keikyu Main Line

• – Tsurumi-Ichiba – Keikyū Tsurumi – Kagetsuen-mae – Namamugi – Keikyū Shin-Koyasu – Koyasu – Kanagawa-Shinmachi – Naka-Kido – Kanagawa – Yokohama – Tobe – Hinodechō – Koganechō – Minami-Ōta – Idogaya – Gumyōji – Kami-Ōoka – Byōbugaura – Sugita – Keikyū Tomioka – Nōkendai – Kanazawa-Bunko – Kanazawa-Hakkei –

■ Keikyu Zushi Line

• Kanazawa-Hakkei – Mutsuura –

■ Tokyu Railways

■ Tōyoko Line

• – Hiyoshi – Tsunashima – Ōkurayama – Kikuna – Myōrenji – Hakuraku – Higashi-Hakuraku – Tammachi – Yokohama

■ Meguro Line

• – Hiyoshi

■ Den-en-toshi Line

• – Tama-Plaza – Azamino – Eda – Ichigao – Fujigaoka – Aobadai – Tana – Nagatsuta –

■ Kodomonokuni Line

• Nagatsuta – Onda – Kodomonokuni

■ Sagami Railway

■ Sagami Railway Main Line

• Yokohama – Hiranumabashi – Nishi-Yokohama – Tennōchō – Hoshikawa – Wadamachi – Kamihoshikawa – Nishiya – Tsurugamine – Futamatagawa – Kibōgaoka – Mitsukyō – Seya –

■ Izumino Line

• Futamatagawa – Minami-Makigahara – Ryokuentoshi – Yayoidai – Izumino – Izumi-chūō – Yumegaoka

■ Yokohama Minatomirai Railway

■ Minatomirai Line

• Yokohama – Shin-Takashima – Minato Mirai – Bashamichi – Nihon-ōdōri – Motomachi-Chūkagai

■ Yokohama City Transportation Bureau (Yokohama Municipal Subway)

■ Blue Line

• – Shimoiida – Tateba – Nakada – Odoriba – Totsuka – Maioka – Shimonagaya – Kaminagaya – Kōnan-Chūō – Kami-Ōoka – Gumyōji – Maita – Yoshinochō – Bandōbashi – Isezakichōjamachi – Kannai – Sakuragichō – Takashimachō – Yokohama – Mitsuzawa-shimochō – Mitsuzawa-kamichō – Katakurachō – Kishine-kōen – Shin-Yokohama – Kita Shin-Yokohama – Nippa – Nakamachidai – Center Minami – Center Kita – Nakagawa – Azamino

■ Green Line

• Nakayama – Kawawachō – Tsuzuki-Fureai-no-Oka – Center Minami – Center Kita – Kita-Yamata – Higashi-Yamata – Takata – Hiyoshi-Honchō – Hiyoshi

■ Yokohama New Transit

■ Kanazawa Seaside Line

• Shin-Sugita – Nambu-Shijō – Torihama – Namiki-Kita – Namiki-Chūō – Sachiura – Sangyō-Shinkō-Center – Fukuura – Shidai-Igakubu – Hakkeijima – Uminokōen-Shibaguchi – Uminokōen-Minamiguchi – Nojimakōen – Kanazawa-Hakkei

EducationEdit

Public elementary and middle schools are operated by the Yokohama Municipal Board of Education [ja]. There are nine public high schools which are operated by the Yokohama City Board of Education,^[32] and a number of public high schools which are operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education. Yokohama National University is a leading university in Yokohama which is also one of the highest ranking national universities in Japan.

• 46,388 children attend the 260 kindergartens.
• Almost 386,000 students are taught in 351 primary schools.
• There are 16 universities including Yokohama National University. The number of students is around 83,000.
• 19 public libraries had 9.5 million loans in 2016.^[23]

International relationsEdit

Twin towns – sister citiesEdit

Yokohama is twinned with:^[33]

•   Constanța, Constanța County, Romania (since October 1977)
•   Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France (since April 1959)
•   Manila, Philippines (since July 1965)
•   Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (since June 1965)
•   Odesa, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine (since July 1965)
•   San Diego, CA, United States (former partnership, October 1957–October 2021)
•   San Francisco, CA, United States (since October 2021)
•   Shanghai, China (since November 1973)
•   Vancouver, BC, Canada (since July 1965)

Partner citiesEdit

•   Abidjan, Ivory Coast
•   Beijing, China (since May 2006)
•   Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (since June 2008)
•   Busan, South Korea (since June 2006)
•   Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany (since September 2011)
•   Hanoi, Vietnam (since November 2007)
•   Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (since October 2007)
•   Incheon, South Korea (since December 2009)
•   Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia (since August 2016)^[34]
•   Taipei, Taiwan (since May 2006)
•   Tel Aviv, Israel (since July 2012)
•   Tianjin, China (since May 2008)

Sister portsEdit

•   Port of Barcelona, Spain (since November 1989)
•   Port of Dalian (friendship port treaty, since September 1990)
•   Port of Hamburg, Germany (since October 1992)
•   Port of Melbourne, Australia (since May 1986)
•   Port of Oakland, United States (since May 1980)
•   Port of Vancouver, Canada (since May 1981)
•   Port of Shanghai (friendship port treaty, since October 1983)

Notable peopleEdit

• Toru Furuya, singer and seiyū
• Yuma Kagiyama, figure skater
• Teiko Kiwa, Japanese-Dutch opera singer in the 1920s and 1930s
• Miki Koyama, racing driver
• Takehito Koyasu, singer and seiyū
• Ryuji Kumita, racing driver and CEO of B-Max Racing
• Keisuke Kunimoto, racing driver
• Yuji Kunimoto, racing driver
• Minoru Suzuki, professional wrestler
• Yuta Watanabe, NBA player for the Toronto Raptors.

ReferencesEdit

CitationsEdit

1. ^ «YOKOHAMA | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com». En.oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
2. ^ Roberts, Toby; Williams, Ian; Preston, John (2021). «The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification». Maritime Policy & Management. 48 (4): 530–542. doi:10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785. S2CID 225502755.
3. ^ «Memories of old Honmoku». The Japan Times. May 19, 1999. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
4. ^ «Yokohama City History, pg. 3» (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
5. ^ Der Große Brockhaus. 16. edition. Vol. 6. F. A. Brockhaus, Wiesbaden 1955, p. 82
6. ^ «Official Yokohama city website it is fresh». City.yokohama.jp. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
7. ^ Arita, Erika, «Happy Birthday Yokohama! Archived August 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine», The Japan Times, May 24, 2009, p. 7.
8. ^ Fukue, Natsuko, «Chinese immigrants played vital role Archived August 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine», Japan Times, May 28, 2009, p. 3.
9. ^ Matsutani, Minoru, «Yokohama – city on the cutting edge Archived August 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine», Japan Times, May 29, 2009, p. 3.
10. ^ Galbraith, Michael (June 16, 2013). «Death threats sparked Japan’s first cricket game». Japan Times. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
11. ^ ^{a b} «Interesting Tidbits of Yokohama». Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2009.
12. ^ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 143. Archived February 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
13. ^ Hammer, pp. 149 Archived February 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine-170.
14. ^ «Tsurumi River Multipurpose Retarding Basin». www.japanriver.or.jp. Archived from the original on September 26, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
15. ^ «Collection of 1923 Japan earthquake massacre testimonies released». www.hani.co.kr. September 3, 2013. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
16. ^ «FNN Remembering 3/11: Yokohama station and surrounding areas at time of earthquake occurrence». www.fnn-news.com. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
17. ^ «Yokohama, Japan Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)». Weatherbase. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
18. ^ «Yokohama Weather, When to Go and Yokohama Climate Information». world-guides.com. Archived from the original on April 30, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
19. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
20. ^ Japanese Imperial Commission (1878). Le Japon à l’exposition universelle de 1878. Géographie et histoire du Japon (in French).
21. ^ 横浜市区別外国人登録人口（平成30年3月末現在）. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
22. ^ «Webseite des Kulturzentrums». Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
23. ^ ^{a b c} «Statistical Booklet Book of Yokohama 2018» (PDF). www.city.yokohama.lg.jp. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 16, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
24. ^ Tagesthemen. Beitrag in der Nachrichtensendung der ARD, Moderation: Ingo Zamperoni, 30. November 2020, 35 Min. Eine Produktion von Das Erste
25. ^ «Virtual Yokohama: Interactive Website Launched». Business Wire. April 28, 2022. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
26. ^ «Nissan To Create New Global and Domestic Headquarters in Yokohama City by 2010». Japancorp.net. Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
27. ^ «Yokohama GDP 2015». Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
28. ^ «Yokohama 2015 population» (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
29. ^ «「平成28年度 横浜市の市民経済計算」がまとまりました。» (PDF). 横浜市. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
30. ^ «Ports & World Trade». www.aapa-ports.org. Archived from the original on May 4, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
31. ^ «Chinese Ports Lead the World in Berth Productivity, JOC Group Inc. Data Shows». Press Release. AXIO Data Group. JOC Inc. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
32. ^ «Official Yokohama city website». City.yokohama.jp. Archived from the original on June 19, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
33. ^ «Yokohama’s Sister／Friendship Cities». city.yokohama.lg.jp. Yokohama. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
34. ^ «MPSP sets sights on city status». The Star. August 1, 2016. Archived from the original on July 5, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018.

SourcesEdit

• Hammer, Joshua (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II Archived June 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6465-5 (cloth).
• Heilbrun, Jacob. «Aftershocks» Archived January 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times, September 17, 2006.

External linksEdit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yokohama.

• Official Website (in Japanese)
• Yokohama Tourism Website (in English)
•   Geographic data related to Yokohama at OpenStreetMap

This article is about the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture. For other uses, see Yokohama (disambiguation).

Yokohama 横浜市
Designated city
City of Yokohama
From top, left to right: Minato Mirai 21 at dusk, Nippon Maru Memorial Park, Yokohama Chinatown, Motomachi Shopping Street, Sankei-en, Harbor View Park, Yokohama Marine Tower viewed from Yamashita Park and Ōsanbashi Pier
Flag Emblem
Interactive map outlining Yokohama
Location of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture
Yokohama
Coordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°ECoordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°E
Country	Japan
Region	Kantō
Prefecture	Kanagawa Prefecture
Government
• Mayor	Takeharu Yamanaka
Area
• Total	437.38 km2 (168.87 sq mi)
Population  (October 1, 2022)
• Total	3,771,961
• Density	8,600/km2 (22,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
– Tree	Camellia, Chinquapin, Sangoju Sasanqua, Ginkgo, Zelkova
– Flower	Dahlia Rose
Address	1-1 Minato-chō, Naka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken 231-0017
Website	www.city.yokohama.lg.jp

Yokohama
«Yokohama» in new-style (shinjitai) kanji
Japanese name
Hiragana	よこはま
Katakana	ヨコハマ
Kyūjitai	橫濱
Shinjitai	横浜
Transcriptions Romanization Yokohama

Yokohama (Japanese: 横浜, pronounced [jokohama] (listen)) is the second-largest city in Japan by population^[1] and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. Yokohama is also the major economic, cultural, and commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area along the Keihin Industrial Zone.

Yokohama was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1859 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city, after Kobe opened in 1853. Yokohama is the home of many Japan’s firsts in the Meiji period, including the first foreign trading port and Chinatown (1859), European-style sport venues (1860s), English-language newspaper (1861), confectionery and beer manufacturing (1865), daily newspaper (1870), gas-powered street lamps (1870s), railway station (1872), and power plant (1882). Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan’s prominent port city following the end of Japan’s relative isolation in the mid-19th century and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Tokyo and Chiba. Yokohama is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis.^[2]

Yokohama is the largest port city and high tech industrial hub in the Greater Tokyo Area and the Kantō region. The city proper is headquarters to companies such as Isuzu, Nissan, JVCKenwood, Keikyu, Koei Tecmo, Sotetsu, Salesforce Japan and Bank of Yokohama. Famous landmarks in Yokohama include Minato Mirai 21, Nippon Maru Memorial Park, Yokohama Chinatown, Motomachi Shopping Street, Yokohama Marine Tower, Yamashita Park, and Ōsanbashi Pier.

Etymology[edit]

Yokohama (横浜) means «horizontal beach».^[3] The current area surrounded by Maita Park, the Ōoka River and the Nakamura River have been a gulf divided by a sandbar from the open sea. This sandbar was the original Yokohama fishing village. Since the sandbar protruded perpendicularly from the land, or horizontally when viewed from the sea, it was called a «horizontal beach».^[4]

History[edit]

Opening of the Treaty Port (1859–1868)[edit]

Before the Western foreigners arrived, Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners.^[5] A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.^[6]

It was initially agreed that one of the ports to be opened to foreign ships would be the bustling town of Kanagawa-juku (in what is now Kanagawa Ward) on the Tōkaidō, a strategic highway that linked Edo to Kyoto and Osaka. However, the Tokugawa shogunate decided that Kanagawa-juku was too close to the Tōkaidō for comfort, and port facilities were instead built across the inlet in the sleepy fishing village of Yokohama. The Port of Yokohama was officially opened on June 2, 1859.^[7]

Yokohama quickly became the base of foreign trade in Japan. Foreigners initially occupied the low-lying district of the city called Kannai, residential districts later expanding as the settlement grew to incorporate much of the elevated Yamate district overlooking the city, commonly referred to by English speaking residents as The Bluff.

Kannai, the foreign trade and commercial district (literally, inside the barrier), was surrounded by a moat, foreign residents enjoying extraterritorial status both within and outside the compound. Interactions with the local population, particularly young samurai, outside the settlement inevitably caused problems; the Namamugi Incident, one of the events that preceded the downfall of the shogunate, took place in what is now Tsurumi Ward in 1862, and prompted the Bombardment of Kagoshima in 1863.

To protect British commercial and diplomatic interests in Yokohama a military garrison was established in 1862. With the growth in trade increasing numbers of Chinese also came to settle in the city.^[8] Yokohama was the scene of many notable firsts for Japan including the growing acceptance of western fashion, photography by pioneers such as Felice Beato, Japan’s first English language newspaper, the Japan Herald published in 1861 and in 1865 the first ice cream confectionery and beer to be produced in Japan.^[9] Recreational sports introduced to Japan by foreign residents in Yokohama included European style horse racing in 1862, cricket in 1863^[10] and rugby union in 1866. A great fire destroyed much of the foreign settlement on November 26, 1866, and smallpox was a recurrent public health hazard, but the city continued to grow rapidly – attracting foreigners and Japanese alike.

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  Landing of Commodore Perry and men to meet the Imperial commissioners at Yokohama, 14 July 1853

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  Foreign ships in Yokohama harbor in 1861

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  A foreign trading house in Yokohama in 1861

Meiji and Taisho Periods (1868–1923)[edit]

After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the port was developed for trading silk, the main trading partner being Great Britain. Western influence and technological transfer contributed to the establishment of Japan’s first daily newspaper (1870), first gas-powered street lamps (1872) and Japan’s first railway constructed in the same year to connect Yokohama to Shinagawa and Shinbashi in Tokyo. In 1872 Jules Verne portrayed Yokohama, which he had never visited, in an episode of his widely read novel Around the World in Eighty Days, capturing the atmosphere of the fast-developing, internationally oriented Japanese city.

In 1887, a British merchant, Samuel Cocking, built the city’s first power plant. At first for his own use, this coal power plant became the basis for the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company. The city was officially incorporated on April 1, 1889.^[11] By the time the extraterritoriality of foreigner areas was abolished in 1899, Yokohama was the most international city in Japan, with foreigner areas stretching from Kannai to the Bluff area and the large Yokohama Chinatown.

The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city toward Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, then the largest slum in Japan.

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  Street scene c. 1880

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  Yokohama c. 1880

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Great Kantō earthquake and the Second World War (1923–1945)[edit]

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  View of Yokohama after the bombing in 1945

Much of Yokohama was destroyed on September 1, 1923, by the Great Kantō earthquake. The Yokohama police reported casualties at 30,771 dead and 47,908 injured, out of a pre-earthquake population of 434,170.^[12] Fuelled by rumors of rebellion and sabotage, vigilante mobs thereupon murdered many Koreans in the Kojiki-yato slum.^[13] Many people believed that Koreans used black magic to cause the earthquake. Martial law was in place until November 19. Rubble from the quake was used to reclaim land for parks, the most famous being the Yamashita Park on the waterfront which opened in 1930.

Yokohama was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again by U.S. air raids during World War II. The first bombing was in the April 18, 1942 Doolittle Raid. An estimated 7,000–8,000 people were killed in a single morning on May 29, 1945, in what is now known as the Great Yokohama Air Raid, when B-29s firebombed the city and in just one hour and nine minutes, reducing 42% of it to rubble.^[11]

Postwar growth and development[edit]

During the American occupation, Yokohama was a major transshipment base for American supplies and personnel, especially during the Korean War. After the occupation, most local U.S. naval activity moved from Yokohama to an American base in nearby Yokosuka.

Four years after the Treaty of San Francisco signed, the city was designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956.^{[citation needed]} The city’s tram and trolleybus system was abolished in 1972, the same year as the opening of the first line of Yokohama Municipal Subway. Construction of Minato Mirai 21 («Port Future 21»), a major urban development project on reclaimed land started in 1983, nicknamed the «Philadelphia and Boston of the Orient» was compared to Center City, Philadelphia and Downtown Boston located in the East Coast of the United States. Minato Mirai 21 hosted the Yokohama Exotic Showcase in 1989, which saw the first public operation of maglev trains in Japan and the opening of Cosmo Clock 21, then the tallest Ferris wheel in the world. The 860-metre-long (2,820 ft) Yokohama Bay Bridge opened in the same year. In 1993, Minato Mirai 21 saw the opening of the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the third-tallest building in Japan.

The 2002 FIFA World Cup final was held in June at the International Stadium Yokohama. In 2009, the city marked the 150th anniversary of the opening of the port and the 120th anniversary of the commencement of the City Administration. An early part in the commemoration project incorporated the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), which was held in Yokohama in May 2008. In November 2010, Yokohama hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting.

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Geography[edit]

Topography[edit]

Yokohama has a total area of 437.38 km² (168.87 sq mi) at an elevation of 5 metres (16 ft) above sea level. It is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, bordered to the east by Tokyo Bay and located in the middle of the Kantō plain. The city is surrounded by hills and the characteristic mountain system of the island of Honshū, so its growth has been limited and it has had to gain ground from the sea. This also affects the population density, one of the highest in Japan with 8,500 inhabitants per km².

The highest points within the urban boundary are Omaruyama (156 m [512 ft]) and Mount Enkaizan (153 m [502 ft]). The main river is the Tsurumi River, which begins in the Tama Hills and empties into the Pacific Ocean.^[14]

These municipalities surround Yokohama: Kawasaki, Yokosuka, Zushi, Kamakura, Fujisawa, Yamato, Machida.

Geology[edit]

The city is very prone to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and tropical cyclones because the island of Honshū has a high level of seismic activity, being in the middle of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Most seismic movements are of low intensity and are generally not perceived by people. However, Yokohama has experienced two major tremors that reflect the evolution of Earthquake engineering: the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake devastated the city and caused more than 100,000 fatalities throughout the region,^[15] while the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, with its epicenter on the east coast, was felt in the locality but only material damage was lamented because most buildings were already prepared to withstand them.^[16]

Climate[edit]

Yokohama features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, humid summers and chilly winters.^[17] Weatherwise, Yokohama has a pattern of rain, clouds and sun, although in winter, it is surprisingly sunny, more so than Southern Spain. Winter temperatures rarely drop below freezing, while summer can seem quite warm, because of the effects of humidity.^[18] The coldest temperature was on 24 January 1927 when −8.2 °C (17.2 °F) was reached, whilst the hottest day was 11 August 2013 at 37.4 °C (99.3 °F). The highest monthly rainfall was in October 2004 with 761.5 millimetres (30.0 in), closely followed by July 1941 with 753.4 millimetres (29.66 in), whilst December and January have recorded no measurable precipitation three times each.

Cityscape[edit]

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  Yokohama night view (2014)

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  View from Mosaic Mall Kohoku (2015)

Demographics[edit]

Population[edit]

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1870	64,602[20]	—
1880	72,630	+12.4%
1890	132,627	+82.6%
1900	196,653	+48.3%
1910	403,303	+105.1%
1920	422,942	+4.9%
1925	405,888	−4.0%
1930	620,306	+52.8%
1935	704,290	+13.5%
1940	968,091	+37.5%
1945	814,379	−15.9%
1950	951,188	+16.8%
1955	1,143,687	+20.2%
1960	1,375,710	+20.3%
1965	1,788,915	+30.0%
1970	2,238,264	+25.1%
1975	2,621,771	+17.1%
1980	2,773,674	+5.8%
1985	2,992,926	+7.9%
1990	3,220,331	+7.6%
1995	3,307,136	+2.7%
2000	3,426,651	+3.6%
2005	3,579,133	+4.4%
2010	3,670,669	+2.6%
2015	3,710,824	+1.1%
2020	3,760,157	+1.3%

Yokohama’s foreign population of 92,139 includes Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, and Vietnamese.^[21]

Wards[edit]

Yokohama has 18 wards (ku):

Wards of Yokohama
	Place Name				Map of Yokohama
Rōmaji	Kanji	Population	Land area in km2	Pop. density per km2
1	Aoba-ku	青葉区	302,643	35.14	8,610
2	Asahi-ku	旭区	249,045	32.77	7,600
3	Hodogaya-ku	保土ヶ谷区	205,887	21.81	9,400
4	Isogo-ku	磯子区	163,406	19.17	8,520
5	Izumi-ku	泉区	155,674	23.51	6,620
6	Kanagawa-ku	神奈川区	230,401	23.88	9,650
7	Kanazawa-ku	金沢区	209,565	31.01	6,760
8	Kōhoku-ku	港北区	332,488	31.40	10,588
9	Kōnan-ku	港南区	221,536	19.87	11,500
10	Midori-ku	緑区	176,038	25.42	6,900
11	Minami-ku	南区	197,019	12.67	15,500
12	Naka-ku (administrative center)	中区	146,563	20.86	7,030
13	Nishi-ku	西区	93,210	7.04	13,210
14	Sakae-ku	栄区	124,845	18.55	6,750
15	Seya-ku	瀬谷区	126,839	17.11	7,390
16	Totsuka-ku	戸塚区	274,783	35.70	7,697
17	Tsurumi-ku	鶴見区	270,433	33.23	8,140
18	Tsuzuki-ku	都筑区	211,455	27.93	7,535

Government and politics[edit]

The Yokohama City Council consists of 86 members elected from a total of 18 Wards. The LDP has minority control with 36 seats. The incumbent mayor is Takeharu Yamanaka, who defeated Fumiko Hayashi in the 2021 Yokohama mayoral election.

List of mayors (from 1889)[edit]

Culture and sights[edit]

Yokohama’s cultural and tourist sights include:

Museums[edit]

There are 42 museums in the city area, including.^[23]

Gallery[edit]

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  Yokohama World Porters

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  Mitsui Outlet Park Yokohama Bayside

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  Yokohama Municipal Kanazawa Zoo

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  Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery

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  Iseyama Kotai Shrine

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Excursion destinations[edit]

In 2016, 46,017,157 tourists visited the city, 13.1% of whom were overnight guests.^[23]

• Kodomo no kuni: Means «Children’s country». A nice destination to spend an eventful day with the family. Lots of space for walking and playing. There is also a petting zoo.
• Nogeyama Zoo: One of the few zoos that do not charge admission. It has a large number of animals and a petting zoo where children can play with small animals.
• Zoorasia: Nice zoo with lots of play options for children. However, in this zoo admission costs.
• Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise: A large park with an aquarium. Otherwise rides, shops, restaurants, etc.
• Since 2020, after six years of development, a giant robot named Gundam, which is 18 meters high and weighs 25 tons, has been watching over the port area as a tourist attraction. The giant robot, in which there is a cockpit and whose hands are each two meters long, is based as a figure on a science fiction television series, can move and sink to its knees.^[24] The giant robot was manufactured by the company «Gundam Factory Yokohama» under Managing Director Shin Sasaki.
• Kamonyama Park

In popular media[edit]

• Yukio Mishima’s novel The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea is set mainly in Yokohama. Mishima describes the city’s port and its houses, and the Western influences that shaped them.
• From Up on Poppy Hill is a 2011 Studio Ghibli animated drama film directed by Gorō Miyazaki set in the Yamate district of Yokohama. The film is based on the serialized Japanese comic book of the same name.
• The main setting of James Clavell’s book Gai-Jin is in historical Yokohama.
• Vermillion City in the Kanto region from the Pokémon franchise is based on Yokohama.
• One of the Pretty Cure crossover movies takes place in Yokohama. In the fourth movie of the series, Pretty Cure All Stars New Stage: Friends of the Future, the Pretty Cure appear standing on top of the Cosmo Clock 21 in Minato Mirai.
• The main setting of the Japanese visual novel series Muv-Luv, first a school and then, in an alternate history, a military base is built in Yokohama with the objective of carrying out the Alternative IV Plan meant to save humanity.
• In Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3, Yokohama is under siege by the Soviet Union and Allied Nations to stop the Empire of The Rising Sun. The player must defend Yokohama and then lead a counterattack as the Empire.
• The manga Bungo Stray Dogs is set in Yokohama.
• The Japanese mixed-media project, Hamatora takes place in Yokohama.
• The final battle in Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack takes place in Yokohama.
• In My Hero Academia, it is the location of the Nomu Warehouse where they created artificial Humans (a.k.a. Nomus).
• Sumaru City in Persona 2: Innocent Sin and Eternal Punishment is based on Yokohama.
• Miyabi City in The Caligula Effect is based on Yokohama, including depictions of landmarks such as an unfinished Landmark Tower and Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise (referred to in game as Sea Paraiso).
• The video game Yakuza: Like a Dragon is set in Isezaki Ijincho, a fictional district in Yokohama based on Isezakichō.
• Yokohama is also represented in the multimedia project by King Records, Hypnosis Mic: Division Rap Battle
• Yokohama is the main setting of Japanese manga and anime series Komi Can’t Communicate. Multiple of the cities’ landmarks are featured on the manga, most notably in the more recently released chapters.
• Yokohama is the setting of the anime After the Rain as well as manga series with the same title by Jun Mayuzuki.
• In April 2022, The Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau announced the launch of a new interactive website to aid in the tourism and MICE elements of the city.^[25]

Sports[edit]

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• 

• 

• 

• 

• Baseball: Yokohama DeNA BayStars
• Football: Yokohama F. Marinos (J.League Division 1), Yokohama FC (J.League Division 1), YSCC Yokohama (J.League Division 3), NHK Yokohama FC Seagulls (Nadeshiko League Div.2)
• Velodrome: Kagetsu-en Velodrome
• Basketball: Yokohama B-Corsairs
• Rugby Union: Yokohama Eagles
• Tennis: Ai Sugiyama
• American football: Yokohama Harbors
• Ice Hockey: Yokohama Grits

Economy and infrastructure[edit]

The city has a strong economic base, especially in the shipping, biotechnology, and semiconductor industries. Nissan moved its headquarters to Yokohama from Chūō, Tokyo in 2010.^[26]
Yokohama’s GDP per capita (Nominal) was $30,625 ($1=¥120.13).^[27][28]

As of 2016, the total production in Yokohama city reached ¥13.56 billion. It is located between Shizuoka and Hiroshima Prefectures compared to domestic prefectures.^[29] It is located between Hungary, which ranks 26th, and New Zealand, which ranks 27th compared to OECD countries. Generally, the primary industry is 0.1%, the secondary industry is 21.7%, and the tertiary industry is 82.3%. The ratio of the primary industry is low, and the ratio of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry is high. Compared to other ordinance-designated cities, it is about 60% of the size of Osaka, which is almost the same as Nagoya. As shown in the attached table, there are not a few head office companies, but the major inferiority to Osaka is the traditional difference, the strong bed.^{[clarification needed]} In connection with this, the absence of large block-type companies (JR, NTT, electric power, gas, major commercial broadcasters, etc.) has had an impact.

The breakdown is ¥11.9 million yen (0.1%) for the primary industry, ¥2.75 billion (21.7%) for the secondary industry, and ¥10.44 billion yen (82.3%) for the tertiary industry. Compared to other government-designated cities, the amount of the primary industry, the ratio of the construction industry of the secondary industry, and the ratio of the real estate industry of the tertiary industry are large, and the finance, insurance, wholesale, and retail of the tertiary industry The ratio of industry and service industry is small, but the tertiary industry is almost the same as Nagoya.

Major companies headquartered[edit]

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  Isuzu headquarters in Nishi-ku

Transport[edit]

Yokohama is serviced by the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed rail line with a stop at Shin-Yokohama Station. Yokohama Station is also a major station, with two million passengers daily. The Yokohama Municipal Subway, Minatomirai Line and Kanazawa Seaside Line provide metro services.

Maritime transport[edit]

Yokohama is the world’s 31st largest seaport in terms of total cargo volume, at 121,326 freight tons as of 2011, and is ranked 37th in terms of TEUs (Twenty-foot equivalent units).^[30]

In 2013, APM Terminals Yokohama facility was recognized as the most productive container terminal in the world averaging 163 crane moves per hour, per ship between the vessel’s arrival and departure at the berth.^[31]

Rail transport[edit]

Railway stations[edit]

■ East Japan Railway Company (JR East)

■ Tōkaidō Main Line

• – Yokohama – Totsuka –

■ Yokosuka Line

• – Yokohama – Hodogaya – Higashi-Totsuka – Totsuka –

■ Keihin-Tōhoku Line

• – Tsurumi – Shin-Koyasu – Higashi-Kanagawa – Yokohama

■ Negishi Line

• Yokohama – Sakuragichō – Kannai – Ishikawachō – Yamate – Negishi – Isogo – Shin-Sugita – Yōkōdai – Kōnandai – Hongōdai –

■ Yokohama Line

• Higashi-Kanagawa – Ōguchi – Kikuna – Shin-Yokohama – Kozukue – Kamoi – Nakayama – Tōkaichiba – Nagatsuta –

■ Nambu Line

• – Yakō –

■ Tsurumi Line

• Main Line : Tsurumi – Kokudō – Tsurumi-Ono – Bentembashi – Asano – Anzen –
• Umi-Shibaura Branch : Asano – Shin-Shibaura – Umi-Shibaura

■ Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central)

■ Tōkaidō Shinkansen

• – Shin-Yokohama –

■ Keikyu

■ Keikyu Main Line

• – Tsurumi-Ichiba – Keikyū Tsurumi – Kagetsuen-mae – Namamugi – Keikyū Shin-Koyasu – Koyasu – Kanagawa-Shinmachi – Naka-Kido – Kanagawa – Yokohama – Tobe – Hinodechō – Koganechō – Minami-Ōta – Idogaya – Gumyōji – Kami-Ōoka – Byōbugaura – Sugita – Keikyū Tomioka – Nōkendai – Kanazawa-Bunko – Kanazawa-Hakkei –

■ Keikyu Zushi Line

• Kanazawa-Hakkei – Mutsuura –

■ Tokyu Railways

■ Tōyoko Line

• – Hiyoshi – Tsunashima – Ōkurayama – Kikuna – Myōrenji – Hakuraku – Higashi-Hakuraku – Tammachi – Yokohama

■ Meguro Line

• – Hiyoshi

■ Den-en-toshi Line

• – Tama-Plaza – Azamino – Eda – Ichigao – Fujigaoka – Aobadai – Tana – Nagatsuta –

■ Kodomonokuni Line

• Nagatsuta – Onda – Kodomonokuni

■ Sagami Railway

■ Sagami Railway Main Line

• Yokohama – Hiranumabashi – Nishi-Yokohama – Tennōchō – Hoshikawa – Wadamachi – Kamihoshikawa – Nishiya – Tsurugamine – Futamatagawa – Kibōgaoka – Mitsukyō – Seya –

■ Izumino Line

• Futamatagawa – Minami-Makigahara – Ryokuentoshi – Yayoidai – Izumino – Izumi-chūō – Yumegaoka

■ Yokohama Minatomirai Railway

■ Minatomirai Line

• Yokohama – Shin-Takashima – Minato Mirai – Bashamichi – Nihon-ōdōri – Motomachi-Chūkagai

■ Yokohama City Transportation Bureau (Yokohama Municipal Subway)

■ Blue Line

• – Shimoiida – Tateba – Nakada – Odoriba – Totsuka – Maioka – Shimonagaya – Kaminagaya – Kōnan-Chūō – Kami-Ōoka – Gumyōji – Maita – Yoshinochō – Bandōbashi – Isezakichōjamachi – Kannai – Sakuragichō – Takashimachō – Yokohama – Mitsuzawa-shimochō – Mitsuzawa-kamichō – Katakurachō – Kishine-kōen – Shin-Yokohama – Kita Shin-Yokohama – Nippa – Nakamachidai – Center Minami – Center Kita – Nakagawa – Azamino

■ Green Line

• Nakayama – Kawawachō – Tsuzuki-Fureai-no-Oka – Center Minami – Center Kita – Kita-Yamata – Higashi-Yamata – Takata – Hiyoshi-Honchō – Hiyoshi

■ Yokohama New Transit

■ Kanazawa Seaside Line

• Shin-Sugita – Nambu-Shijō – Torihama – Namiki-Kita – Namiki-Chūō – Sachiura – Sangyō-Shinkō-Center – Fukuura – Shidai-Igakubu – Hakkeijima – Uminokōen-Shibaguchi – Uminokōen-Minamiguchi – Nojimakōen – Kanazawa-Hakkei

Education[edit]

Public elementary and middle schools are operated by the Yokohama Municipal Board of Education [ja]. There are nine public high schools which are operated by the Yokohama City Board of Education,^[32] and a number of public high schools which are operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education. Yokohama National University is a leading university in Yokohama which is also one of the highest ranking national universities in Japan.

• 46,388 children attend the 260 kindergartens.
• Almost 386,000 students are taught in 351 primary schools.
• There are 16 universities including Yokohama National University. The number of students is around 83,000.
• 19 public libraries had 9.5 million loans in 2016.^[23]

International relations[edit]

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

Yokohama is twinned with:^[33]

Partner cities[edit]

Sister ports[edit]

Notable people[edit]

• Toru Furuya, singer and seiyū
• Yuma Kagiyama, figure skater
• Teiko Kiwa, Japanese-Dutch opera singer in the 1920s and 1930s
• Miki Koyama, racing driver
• Takehito Koyasu, singer and seiyū
• Ryuji Kumita, racing driver and CEO of B-Max Racing
• Keisuke Kunimoto, racing driver
• Yuji Kunimoto, racing driver
• Minoru Suzuki, professional wrestler
• Yuta Watanabe, NBA player for the Toronto Raptors.

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official Website (in Japanese)
• Yokohama Tourism Website (in English)
• Geographic data related to Yokohama at OpenStreetMap

This article is about the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture. For other uses, see Yokohama (disambiguation).

Yokohama 横浜市
Designated city
City of Yokohama
From top, left to right: Minato Mirai 21 at dusk, Nippon Maru Memorial Park, Yokohama Chinatown, Motomachi Shopping Street, Sankei-en, Harbor View Park, Yokohama Marine Tower viewed from Yamashita Park and Ōsanbashi Pier
Flag Emblem
Interactive map outlining Yokohama
Location of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture
Yokohama
Coordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°ECoordinates: 35°26′39″N 139°38′17″E / 35.44417°N 139.63806°E
Country	Japan
Region	Kantō
Prefecture	Kanagawa Prefecture
Government
• Mayor	Takeharu Yamanaka
Area
• Total	437.38 km2 (168.87 sq mi)
Population  (October 1, 2022)
• Total	3,771,961
• Density	8,600/km2 (22,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
– Tree	Camellia, Chinquapin, Sangoju Sasanqua, Ginkgo, Zelkova
– Flower	Dahlia Rose
Address	1-1 Minato-chō, Naka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken 231-0017
Website	www.city.yokohama.lg.jp

Yokohama
«Yokohama» in new-style (shinjitai) kanji
Japanese name
Hiragana	よこはま
Katakana	ヨコハマ
Kyūjitai	橫濱
Shinjitai	横浜
Transcriptions Romanization Yokohama

Yokohama (Japanese: 横浜, pronounced [jokohama] (listen)) is the second-largest city in Japan by population^[1] and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. Yokohama is also the major economic, cultural, and commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area along the Keihin Industrial Zone.

Yokohama was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1859 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city, after Kobe opened in 1853. Yokohama is the home of many Japan’s firsts in the Meiji period, including the first foreign trading port and Chinatown (1859), European-style sport venues (1860s), English-language newspaper (1861), confectionery and beer manufacturing (1865), daily newspaper (1870), gas-powered street lamps (1870s), railway station (1872), and power plant (1882). Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan’s prominent port city following the end of Japan’s relative isolation in the mid-19th century and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Tokyo and Chiba. Yokohama is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis.^[2]

Yokohama is the largest port city and high tech industrial hub in the Greater Tokyo Area and the Kantō region. The city proper is headquarters to companies such as Isuzu, Nissan, JVCKenwood, Keikyu, Koei Tecmo, Sotetsu, Salesforce Japan and Bank of Yokohama. Famous landmarks in Yokohama include Minato Mirai 21, Nippon Maru Memorial Park, Yokohama Chinatown, Motomachi Shopping Street, Yokohama Marine Tower, Yamashita Park, and Ōsanbashi Pier.

Etymology[edit]

Yokohama (横浜) means «horizontal beach».^[3] The current area surrounded by Maita Park, the Ōoka River and the Nakamura River have been a gulf divided by a sandbar from the open sea. This sandbar was the original Yokohama fishing village. Since the sandbar protruded perpendicularly from the land, or horizontally when viewed from the sea, it was called a «horizontal beach».^[4]

History[edit]

Opening of the Treaty Port (1859–1868)[edit]

Before the Western foreigners arrived, Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners.^[5] A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.^[6]

It was initially agreed that one of the ports to be opened to foreign ships would be the bustling town of Kanagawa-juku (in what is now Kanagawa Ward) on the Tōkaidō, a strategic highway that linked Edo to Kyoto and Osaka. However, the Tokugawa shogunate decided that Kanagawa-juku was too close to the Tōkaidō for comfort, and port facilities were instead built across the inlet in the sleepy fishing village of Yokohama. The Port of Yokohama was officially opened on June 2, 1859.^[7]

Yokohama quickly became the base of foreign trade in Japan. Foreigners initially occupied the low-lying district of the city called Kannai, residential districts later expanding as the settlement grew to incorporate much of the elevated Yamate district overlooking the city, commonly referred to by English speaking residents as The Bluff.

Kannai, the foreign trade and commercial district (literally, inside the barrier), was surrounded by a moat, foreign residents enjoying extraterritorial status both within and outside the compound. Interactions with the local population, particularly young samurai, outside the settlement inevitably caused problems; the Namamugi Incident, one of the events that preceded the downfall of the shogunate, took place in what is now Tsurumi Ward in 1862, and prompted the Bombardment of Kagoshima in 1863.

To protect British commercial and diplomatic interests in Yokohama a military garrison was established in 1862. With the growth in trade increasing numbers of Chinese also came to settle in the city.^[8] Yokohama was the scene of many notable firsts for Japan including the growing acceptance of western fashion, photography by pioneers such as Felice Beato, Japan’s first English language newspaper, the Japan Herald published in 1861 and in 1865 the first ice cream confectionery and beer to be produced in Japan.^[9] Recreational sports introduced to Japan by foreign residents in Yokohama included European style horse racing in 1862, cricket in 1863^[10] and rugby union in 1866. A great fire destroyed much of the foreign settlement on November 26, 1866, and smallpox was a recurrent public health hazard, but the city continued to grow rapidly – attracting foreigners and Japanese alike.

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  Landing of Commodore Perry and men to meet the Imperial commissioners at Yokohama, 14 July 1853

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  Foreign ships in Yokohama harbor in 1861

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  A foreign trading house in Yokohama in 1861

Meiji and Taisho Periods (1868–1923)[edit]

After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the port was developed for trading silk, the main trading partner being Great Britain. Western influence and technological transfer contributed to the establishment of Japan’s first daily newspaper (1870), first gas-powered street lamps (1872) and Japan’s first railway constructed in the same year to connect Yokohama to Shinagawa and Shinbashi in Tokyo. In 1872 Jules Verne portrayed Yokohama, which he had never visited, in an episode of his widely read novel Around the World in Eighty Days, capturing the atmosphere of the fast-developing, internationally oriented Japanese city.

In 1887, a British merchant, Samuel Cocking, built the city’s first power plant. At first for his own use, this coal power plant became the basis for the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company. The city was officially incorporated on April 1, 1889.^[11] By the time the extraterritoriality of foreigner areas was abolished in 1899, Yokohama was the most international city in Japan, with foreigner areas stretching from Kannai to the Bluff area and the large Yokohama Chinatown.

The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city toward Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, then the largest slum in Japan.

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  Street scene c. 1880

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  Yokohama c. 1880

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Great Kantō earthquake and the Second World War (1923–1945)[edit]

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  View of Yokohama after the bombing in 1945

Much of Yokohama was destroyed on September 1, 1923, by the Great Kantō earthquake. The Yokohama police reported casualties at 30,771 dead and 47,908 injured, out of a pre-earthquake population of 434,170.^[12] Fuelled by rumors of rebellion and sabotage, vigilante mobs thereupon murdered many Koreans in the Kojiki-yato slum.^[13] Many people believed that Koreans used black magic to cause the earthquake. Martial law was in place until November 19. Rubble from the quake was used to reclaim land for parks, the most famous being the Yamashita Park on the waterfront which opened in 1930.

Yokohama was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again by U.S. air raids during World War II. The first bombing was in the April 18, 1942 Doolittle Raid. An estimated 7,000–8,000 people were killed in a single morning on May 29, 1945, in what is now known as the Great Yokohama Air Raid, when B-29s firebombed the city and in just one hour and nine minutes, reducing 42% of it to rubble.^[11]

Postwar growth and development[edit]

During the American occupation, Yokohama was a major transshipment base for American supplies and personnel, especially during the Korean War. After the occupation, most local U.S. naval activity moved from Yokohama to an American base in nearby Yokosuka.

Four years after the Treaty of San Francisco signed, the city was designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956.^{[citation needed]} The city’s tram and trolleybus system was abolished in 1972, the same year as the opening of the first line of Yokohama Municipal Subway. Construction of Minato Mirai 21 («Port Future 21»), a major urban development project on reclaimed land started in 1983, nicknamed the «Philadelphia and Boston of the Orient» was compared to Center City, Philadelphia and Downtown Boston located in the East Coast of the United States. Minato Mirai 21 hosted the Yokohama Exotic Showcase in 1989, which saw the first public operation of maglev trains in Japan and the opening of Cosmo Clock 21, then the tallest Ferris wheel in the world. The 860-metre-long (2,820 ft) Yokohama Bay Bridge opened in the same year. In 1993, Minato Mirai 21 saw the opening of the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the third-tallest building in Japan.

The 2002 FIFA World Cup final was held in June at the International Stadium Yokohama. In 2009, the city marked the 150th anniversary of the opening of the port and the 120th anniversary of the commencement of the City Administration. An early part in the commemoration project incorporated the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), which was held in Yokohama in May 2008. In November 2010, Yokohama hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting.

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Geography[edit]

Topography[edit]

Yokohama has a total area of 437.38 km² (168.87 sq mi) at an elevation of 5 metres (16 ft) above sea level. It is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, bordered to the east by Tokyo Bay and located in the middle of the Kantō plain. The city is surrounded by hills and the characteristic mountain system of the island of Honshū, so its growth has been limited and it has had to gain ground from the sea. This also affects the population density, one of the highest in Japan with 8,500 inhabitants per km².

The highest points within the urban boundary are Omaruyama (156 m [512 ft]) and Mount Enkaizan (153 m [502 ft]). The main river is the Tsurumi River, which begins in the Tama Hills and empties into the Pacific Ocean.^[14]

These municipalities surround Yokohama: Kawasaki, Yokosuka, Zushi, Kamakura, Fujisawa, Yamato, Machida.

Geology[edit]

The city is very prone to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and tropical cyclones because the island of Honshū has a high level of seismic activity, being in the middle of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Most seismic movements are of low intensity and are generally not perceived by people. However, Yokohama has experienced two major tremors that reflect the evolution of Earthquake engineering: the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake devastated the city and caused more than 100,000 fatalities throughout the region,^[15] while the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, with its epicenter on the east coast, was felt in the locality but only material damage was lamented because most buildings were already prepared to withstand them.^[16]

Climate[edit]

Yokohama features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, humid summers and chilly winters.^[17] Weatherwise, Yokohama has a pattern of rain, clouds and sun, although in winter, it is surprisingly sunny, more so than Southern Spain. Winter temperatures rarely drop below freezing, while summer can seem quite warm, because of the effects of humidity.^[18] The coldest temperature was on 24 January 1927 when −8.2 °C (17.2 °F) was reached, whilst the hottest day was 11 August 2013 at 37.4 °C (99.3 °F). The highest monthly rainfall was in October 2004 with 761.5 millimetres (30.0 in), closely followed by July 1941 with 753.4 millimetres (29.66 in), whilst December and January have recorded no measurable precipitation three times each.

Cityscape[edit]

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  Yokohama night view (2014)

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  View from Mosaic Mall Kohoku (2015)

Demographics[edit]

Population[edit]

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1870	64,602[20]	—
1880	72,630	+12.4%
1890	132,627	+82.6%
1900	196,653	+48.3%
1910	403,303	+105.1%
1920	422,942	+4.9%
1925	405,888	−4.0%
1930	620,306	+52.8%
1935	704,290	+13.5%
1940	968,091	+37.5%
1945	814,379	−15.9%
1950	951,188	+16.8%
1955	1,143,687	+20.2%
1960	1,375,710	+20.3%
1965	1,788,915	+30.0%
1970	2,238,264	+25.1%
1975	2,621,771	+17.1%
1980	2,773,674	+5.8%
1985	2,992,926	+7.9%
1990	3,220,331	+7.6%
1995	3,307,136	+2.7%
2000	3,426,651	+3.6%
2005	3,579,133	+4.4%
2010	3,670,669	+2.6%
2015	3,710,824	+1.1%
2020	3,760,157	+1.3%

Yokohama’s foreign population of 92,139 includes Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, and Vietnamese.^[21]

Wards[edit]

Yokohama has 18 wards (ku):

Wards of Yokohama
	Place Name				Map of Yokohama
Rōmaji	Kanji	Population	Land area in km2	Pop. density per km2
1	Aoba-ku	青葉区	302,643	35.14	8,610
2	Asahi-ku	旭区	249,045	32.77	7,600
3	Hodogaya-ku	保土ヶ谷区	205,887	21.81	9,400
4	Isogo-ku	磯子区	163,406	19.17	8,520
5	Izumi-ku	泉区	155,674	23.51	6,620
6	Kanagawa-ku	神奈川区	230,401	23.88	9,650
7	Kanazawa-ku	金沢区	209,565	31.01	6,760
8	Kōhoku-ku	港北区	332,488	31.40	10,588
9	Kōnan-ku	港南区	221,536	19.87	11,500
10	Midori-ku	緑区	176,038	25.42	6,900
11	Minami-ku	南区	197,019	12.67	15,500
12	Naka-ku (administrative center)	中区	146,563	20.86	7,030
13	Nishi-ku	西区	93,210	7.04	13,210
14	Sakae-ku	栄区	124,845	18.55	6,750
15	Seya-ku	瀬谷区	126,839	17.11	7,390
16	Totsuka-ku	戸塚区	274,783	35.70	7,697
17	Tsurumi-ku	鶴見区	270,433	33.23	8,140
18	Tsuzuki-ku	都筑区	211,455	27.93	7,535

Government and politics[edit]

The Yokohama City Council consists of 86 members elected from a total of 18 Wards. The LDP has minority control with 36 seats. The incumbent mayor is Takeharu Yamanaka, who defeated Fumiko Hayashi in the 2021 Yokohama mayoral election.

List of mayors (from 1889)[edit]

Culture and sights[edit]

Yokohama’s cultural and tourist sights include:

Museums[edit]

There are 42 museums in the city area, including.^[23]

Gallery[edit]

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  Yokohama World Porters

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  Mitsui Outlet Park Yokohama Bayside

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  Yokohama Municipal Kanazawa Zoo

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  Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery

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  Iseyama Kotai Shrine

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Excursion destinations[edit]

In 2016, 46,017,157 tourists visited the city, 13.1% of whom were overnight guests.^[23]

• Kodomo no kuni: Means «Children’s country». A nice destination to spend an eventful day with the family. Lots of space for walking and playing. There is also a petting zoo.
• Nogeyama Zoo: One of the few zoos that do not charge admission. It has a large number of animals and a petting zoo where children can play with small animals.
• Zoorasia: Nice zoo with lots of play options for children. However, in this zoo admission costs.
• Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise: A large park with an aquarium. Otherwise rides, shops, restaurants, etc.
• Since 2020, after six years of development, a giant robot named Gundam, which is 18 meters high and weighs 25 tons, has been watching over the port area as a tourist attraction. The giant robot, in which there is a cockpit and whose hands are each two meters long, is based as a figure on a science fiction television series, can move and sink to its knees.^[24] The giant robot was manufactured by the company «Gundam Factory Yokohama» under Managing Director Shin Sasaki.
• Kamonyama Park

In popular media[edit]

• Yukio Mishima’s novel The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea is set mainly in Yokohama. Mishima describes the city’s port and its houses, and the Western influences that shaped them.
• From Up on Poppy Hill is a 2011 Studio Ghibli animated drama film directed by Gorō Miyazaki set in the Yamate district of Yokohama. The film is based on the serialized Japanese comic book of the same name.
• The main setting of James Clavell’s book Gai-Jin is in historical Yokohama.
• Vermillion City in the Kanto region from the Pokémon franchise is based on Yokohama.
• One of the Pretty Cure crossover movies takes place in Yokohama. In the fourth movie of the series, Pretty Cure All Stars New Stage: Friends of the Future, the Pretty Cure appear standing on top of the Cosmo Clock 21 in Minato Mirai.
• The main setting of the Japanese visual novel series Muv-Luv, first a school and then, in an alternate history, a military base is built in Yokohama with the objective of carrying out the Alternative IV Plan meant to save humanity.
• In Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3, Yokohama is under siege by the Soviet Union and Allied Nations to stop the Empire of The Rising Sun. The player must defend Yokohama and then lead a counterattack as the Empire.
• The manga Bungo Stray Dogs is set in Yokohama.
• The Japanese mixed-media project, Hamatora takes place in Yokohama.
• The final battle in Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack takes place in Yokohama.
• In My Hero Academia, it is the location of the Nomu Warehouse where they created artificial Humans (a.k.a. Nomus).
• Sumaru City in Persona 2: Innocent Sin and Eternal Punishment is based on Yokohama.
• Miyabi City in The Caligula Effect is based on Yokohama, including depictions of landmarks such as an unfinished Landmark Tower and Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise (referred to in game as Sea Paraiso).
• The video game Yakuza: Like a Dragon is set in Isezaki Ijincho, a fictional district in Yokohama based on Isezakichō.
• Yokohama is also represented in the multimedia project by King Records, Hypnosis Mic: Division Rap Battle
• Yokohama is the main setting of Japanese manga and anime series Komi Can’t Communicate. Multiple of the cities’ landmarks are featured on the manga, most notably in the more recently released chapters.
• Yokohama is the setting of the anime After the Rain as well as manga series with the same title by Jun Mayuzuki.
• In April 2022, The Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau announced the launch of a new interactive website to aid in the tourism and MICE elements of the city.^[25]

Sports[edit]

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• Baseball: Yokohama DeNA BayStars
• Football: Yokohama F. Marinos (J.League Division 1), Yokohama FC (J.League Division 1), YSCC Yokohama (J.League Division 3), NHK Yokohama FC Seagulls (Nadeshiko League Div.2)
• Velodrome: Kagetsu-en Velodrome
• Basketball: Yokohama B-Corsairs
• Rugby Union: Yokohama Eagles
• Tennis: Ai Sugiyama
• American football: Yokohama Harbors
• Ice Hockey: Yokohama Grits

Economy and infrastructure[edit]

The city has a strong economic base, especially in the shipping, biotechnology, and semiconductor industries. Nissan moved its headquarters to Yokohama from Chūō, Tokyo in 2010.^[26]
Yokohama’s GDP per capita (Nominal) was $30,625 ($1=¥120.13).^[27][28]

As of 2016, the total production in Yokohama city reached ¥13.56 billion. It is located between Shizuoka and Hiroshima Prefectures compared to domestic prefectures.^[29] It is located between Hungary, which ranks 26th, and New Zealand, which ranks 27th compared to OECD countries. Generally, the primary industry is 0.1%, the secondary industry is 21.7%, and the tertiary industry is 82.3%. The ratio of the primary industry is low, and the ratio of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry is high. Compared to other ordinance-designated cities, it is about 60% of the size of Osaka, which is almost the same as Nagoya. As shown in the attached table, there are not a few head office companies, but the major inferiority to Osaka is the traditional difference, the strong bed.^{[clarification needed]} In connection with this, the absence of large block-type companies (JR, NTT, electric power, gas, major commercial broadcasters, etc.) has had an impact.

The breakdown is ¥11.9 million yen (0.1%) for the primary industry, ¥2.75 billion (21.7%) for the secondary industry, and ¥10.44 billion yen (82.3%) for the tertiary industry. Compared to other government-designated cities, the amount of the primary industry, the ratio of the construction industry of the secondary industry, and the ratio of the real estate industry of the tertiary industry are large, and the finance, insurance, wholesale, and retail of the tertiary industry The ratio of industry and service industry is small, but the tertiary industry is almost the same as Nagoya.

Major companies headquartered[edit]

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  Isuzu headquarters in Nishi-ku

Transport[edit]

Yokohama is serviced by the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed rail line with a stop at Shin-Yokohama Station. Yokohama Station is also a major station, with two million passengers daily. The Yokohama Municipal Subway, Minatomirai Line and Kanazawa Seaside Line provide metro services.

Maritime transport[edit]

Yokohama is the world’s 31st largest seaport in terms of total cargo volume, at 121,326 freight tons as of 2011, and is ranked 37th in terms of TEUs (Twenty-foot equivalent units).^[30]

In 2013, APM Terminals Yokohama facility was recognized as the most productive container terminal in the world averaging 163 crane moves per hour, per ship between the vessel’s arrival and departure at the berth.^[31]

Rail transport[edit]

Railway stations[edit]

■ East Japan Railway Company (JR East)

■ Tōkaidō Main Line

• – Yokohama – Totsuka –

■ Yokosuka Line

• – Yokohama – Hodogaya – Higashi-Totsuka – Totsuka –

■ Keihin-Tōhoku Line

• – Tsurumi – Shin-Koyasu – Higashi-Kanagawa – Yokohama

■ Negishi Line

• Yokohama – Sakuragichō – Kannai – Ishikawachō – Yamate – Negishi – Isogo – Shin-Sugita – Yōkōdai – Kōnandai – Hongōdai –

■ Yokohama Line

• Higashi-Kanagawa – Ōguchi – Kikuna – Shin-Yokohama – Kozukue – Kamoi – Nakayama – Tōkaichiba – Nagatsuta –

■ Nambu Line

• – Yakō –

■ Tsurumi Line

• Main Line : Tsurumi – Kokudō – Tsurumi-Ono – Bentembashi – Asano – Anzen –
• Umi-Shibaura Branch : Asano – Shin-Shibaura – Umi-Shibaura

■ Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central)

■ Tōkaidō Shinkansen

• – Shin-Yokohama –

■ Keikyu

■ Keikyu Main Line

• – Tsurumi-Ichiba – Keikyū Tsurumi – Kagetsuen-mae – Namamugi – Keikyū Shin-Koyasu – Koyasu – Kanagawa-Shinmachi – Naka-Kido – Kanagawa – Yokohama – Tobe – Hinodechō – Koganechō – Minami-Ōta – Idogaya – Gumyōji – Kami-Ōoka – Byōbugaura – Sugita – Keikyū Tomioka – Nōkendai – Kanazawa-Bunko – Kanazawa-Hakkei –

■ Keikyu Zushi Line

• Kanazawa-Hakkei – Mutsuura –

■ Tokyu Railways

■ Tōyoko Line

• – Hiyoshi – Tsunashima – Ōkurayama – Kikuna – Myōrenji – Hakuraku – Higashi-Hakuraku – Tammachi – Yokohama

■ Meguro Line

• – Hiyoshi

■ Den-en-toshi Line

• – Tama-Plaza – Azamino – Eda – Ichigao – Fujigaoka – Aobadai – Tana – Nagatsuta –

■ Kodomonokuni Line

• Nagatsuta – Onda – Kodomonokuni

■ Sagami Railway

■ Sagami Railway Main Line

• Yokohama – Hiranumabashi – Nishi-Yokohama – Tennōchō – Hoshikawa – Wadamachi – Kamihoshikawa – Nishiya – Tsurugamine – Futamatagawa – Kibōgaoka – Mitsukyō – Seya –

■ Izumino Line

• Futamatagawa – Minami-Makigahara – Ryokuentoshi – Yayoidai – Izumino – Izumi-chūō – Yumegaoka

■ Yokohama Minatomirai Railway

■ Minatomirai Line

• Yokohama – Shin-Takashima – Minato Mirai – Bashamichi – Nihon-ōdōri – Motomachi-Chūkagai

■ Yokohama City Transportation Bureau (Yokohama Municipal Subway)

■ Blue Line

• – Shimoiida – Tateba – Nakada – Odoriba – Totsuka – Maioka – Shimonagaya – Kaminagaya – Kōnan-Chūō – Kami-Ōoka – Gumyōji – Maita – Yoshinochō – Bandōbashi – Isezakichōjamachi – Kannai – Sakuragichō – Takashimachō – Yokohama – Mitsuzawa-shimochō – Mitsuzawa-kamichō – Katakurachō – Kishine-kōen – Shin-Yokohama – Kita Shin-Yokohama – Nippa – Nakamachidai – Center Minami – Center Kita – Nakagawa – Azamino

■ Green Line

• Nakayama – Kawawachō – Tsuzuki-Fureai-no-Oka – Center Minami – Center Kita – Kita-Yamata – Higashi-Yamata – Takata – Hiyoshi-Honchō – Hiyoshi

■ Yokohama New Transit

■ Kanazawa Seaside Line

• Shin-Sugita – Nambu-Shijō – Torihama – Namiki-Kita – Namiki-Chūō – Sachiura – Sangyō-Shinkō-Center – Fukuura – Shidai-Igakubu – Hakkeijima – Uminokōen-Shibaguchi – Uminokōen-Minamiguchi – Nojimakōen – Kanazawa-Hakkei

Education[edit]

Public elementary and middle schools are operated by the Yokohama Municipal Board of Education [ja]. There are nine public high schools which are operated by the Yokohama City Board of Education,^[32] and a number of public high schools which are operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education. Yokohama National University is a leading university in Yokohama which is also one of the highest ranking national universities in Japan.

• 46,388 children attend the 260 kindergartens.
• Almost 386,000 students are taught in 351 primary schools.
• There are 16 universities including Yokohama National University. The number of students is around 83,000.
• 19 public libraries had 9.5 million loans in 2016.^[23]

International relations[edit]

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

Yokohama is twinned with:^[33]

Partner cities[edit]

Sister ports[edit]

Notable people[edit]

• Toru Furuya, singer and seiyū
• Yuma Kagiyama, figure skater
• Teiko Kiwa, Japanese-Dutch opera singer in the 1920s and 1930s
• Miki Koyama, racing driver
• Takehito Koyasu, singer and seiyū
• Ryuji Kumita, racing driver and CEO of B-Max Racing
• Keisuke Kunimoto, racing driver
• Yuji Kunimoto, racing driver
• Minoru Suzuki, professional wrestler
• Yuta Watanabe, NBA player for the Toronto Raptors.

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official Website (in Japanese)
• Yokohama Tourism Website (in English)
• Geographic data related to Yokohama at OpenStreetMap