Как написать ассаламу алейкум на арабском

Ас-саля́му ‘алейкум – мусульманское приветствие (араб. ‏وعليكم السلام‎‎ — мир вам). На приветствие отвечают уа-алейкум ас-саля́м (араб. ‏وعليكم السلام‎‎ — и вам мир). Слово «салам», однокоренное с «ислам», буквально означало «мир с Богом».

Пророк Мухаммад, мир ему и благословение, сказал: «Вы не войдете в Рай, пока не уверуете, а не уверуете вы до тех пор, пока не станете любить друг друга. Так не указать ли мне вам на то, что приведет вас к взаимной любви, если вы будете делать это? Распространяйте приветствия между собой!» (Муслим)

Варианты приветствий

Ассаляму алейкум – общепринятая форма приветствия без конкретизации по полу, так как грамматически указывает на второе лицо множественного числа (вам).

Ас-саля́му алейка (араб. السلام عليك‎‎ — мир тебе) — при обращении на «ты» к одному
мужчине;

Ас-саля́му алейки (араб. السلام عليك‎‎ — мир тебе) — при обращении на «ты» к одной женщине;

Ас-саля́му алейкума (араб. السلام عليكما‎‎ — мир вам (обоим)) — при обращении к двум людям любого пола;

Ас-саля́му алейкунна (араб. السلام عليكن‎‎ — мир вам) — только при обращении к трём и более женщинам;

Ас-саля́му алейкуму (араб. السلام عليكم‎‎ — мир вам) — при обращении к группе из трёх или более человек, в которой есть хотя бы один мужчина; или высшему государственному лицу (королю, министру и так далее);

Ас-саля́му алейкум ва-рахмату-Лла́х (араб. السلام عليكم ورحمة الله‎‎) — форма приветствия, означающая: «Мир вам и милость Аллаха»;

Ас-саляму алейкум ва-рахмату-Лла́хи ва-барака́тух (араб. السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته‎‎) — форма приветствия, означающая: «Мир вам и милость Аллаха и Его благословение».

Ва-алейкум ас-саля́м ва-рахмату-Лла́хи ва-барака́тух (араб. وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته‎‎) —
форма ответа на приветствие, означающая: «И вам мир, милость Аллаха и Его благословение».

Саля́м (араб. سلام‎‎ — мир) — так мусульмане приветствуют друг друга в некоторых странах. Причем,так могут здороваться с мусульманами и между собой и представители других религий.

Адабы приветствия

1. Быть щедрыми на приветствия. Пророк Мухаммад, мир ему и благословение, никогда не был скуп на приветствие. В передаче от Абдуллы бин Амра: «Пророка спросили: «О, Посланник Всевышнего! Что в Исламе наилучшее?». «Наилучшее — если накормишь голодного, поприветствуешь и знакомых, и незнакомых», — ответил Пророк».

2. Обязательно отвечать на приветствие. «Салям» — это еще и дуа (мольба), произнесенная языком и идущая от сердца, и нужно обязательно отвечать тому, кто желает вам мира, милости и благословения.

3. Согласно Корану, мусульмане обязаны отвечать на приветствие, используя не меньше слов, чем тот кто поприветствовал первым.

4. Мусульмане приветствуют друг друга, даже если они находятся в ссоре. Посланник Аллаха, мир ему и благословение, сказал: «Когда встретятся два мусульманина, то пусть приветствуют друг друга, а если между ними произошла ссора или возникла вражда, то пусть также приветствуют друг друга» (Абу Дауд).

5. Первыми приветствуют: старший — младшего, горожанин — сельского жителя, всадник — пешего, стоящий — сидящего, хозяин — прислугу, отец — сына, мать — свою дочь. Пророк Мухаммад, мир ему и благословение, сказал: «Всадник (должен
первым) приветствовать пешего, идущий — сидящего, а меньшая (по количеству группа людей) — большую» (Аль-Бухари,
Муслим).

6. Пророк Мухаммад, мир ему и благословение, говорил: «Вновь прибывший из вас пусть приветствует присутствующих и покидающий вас пусть также выскажет приветствие остающимся. И не превосходит первое приветствие по значимости последнее».

7. Перед приветствием людей в мечети мусульмане должны совершить молитву тахияту ль-масджид (приветствие мечети).

8. Мусульманам нельзя первым приветствовать:

• Мужчинам — незнакомых девушек, молодых женщин
• Читающего молитву (намаз), проповедь (хутбу) либо Коран
• Совершающего поминание Аллаха (зикр) или произносящего проповедь
• Муэдзина, призывающего к молитве (азан или икамат)
• Принимающего пищу или отправляющего естественную нужду
• Человека, совершающего грех

Всевышний Аллах знает лучше

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As-salamu alaykum (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ, as-salāmu ʿalaykum, Arabic: [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum] (listen)), also written salamun alaykum and typically rendered in English as salam alaykum, is a greeting in Arabic that means ‘Peace be upon you’. The salām (سَلَام, meaning ‘peace’) has become a religious salutation for Muslims^[1] worldwide when greeting each other, though its use as a greeting pre-dates Islam, and is also common among Arabic speakers of other religions (such as Arab Christians and Mizrahi Jews^[2]).

In colloquial speech, often only the first part of the phrase (so: salām, ‘peace’) is used to greet a person. The typical response to the greeting is wa ʿalaykumu s-salām (وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ, Arabic: [wa ʔa.laj.kum mus.sa.laːm] (listen), ‘and peace be upon you’). The complete phrase is as-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu -llāhi wa-barakātuh^ū (ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ, [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum wa.raħ.ma.tu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi wa.ba.ra.kaː.tu.huː]), ‘Peace be upon you, as well as the mercy of God and his blessings’.

This greeting in its abbreviated form, salām ^[3](سَلَام), has come to be used as the general salutation in other languages as well. Among Christians, during Mass or other liturgical services, the priest or pastor and the congregation often use the salutation, «peace be with you», sometimes replying, «and also with you».

Cognate Semitic language parallels include the Aramaic/Classical Syriac šlāmā ʿalḵōn (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), and the Hebrew shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם shālôm ʻalêḵem).^[4][5]

Pronunciation[edit]

The phrase is normally pronounced according to local dialects of speakers and is very often shortened.

For example:

• In Egypt: [sæˈlæːmu ʕæˈleːku], [we ʕæˈleːkom es.sæˈlæːm]
• By native English-speaking Muslims: ,

Grammatical variants[edit]

The expression commonly uses the second person plural masculine, even when used to address one person. It may be modified by choosing the appropriate enclitic pronoun to address a person in the masculine and feminine singular form, the dual form, or the feminine plural form. The conjugations are as follows (note: according to the standard pronunciation rules of Classical Arabic, the last short vowel in each word is not pronounced in pausa):

A third-person variant, ʿalayhi as-salām, «peace be upon him», is often used by Muslims for prophets other than Muhammad and other holy personalities, such as angels.

In Islam[edit]

According to Islamic tradition, the origin of the greeting «Peace be upon you» dates back to the first human, Adam:

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Allah said: Go and greet with peace these groups of assembled angels and listen to how they greet you, for this will be the greeting among your progeny. Adam said: Peace be upon you. The angels said: Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah. Thus, they added the mercy of Allah” ^[6]

The final Prophet said, “None of you will enter paradise until you believe and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I not tell you about something which, if you do it, you will love one another? Spread salaam amongst yourselves.” ^[7]

It is also stated that one should give the Salam greeting upon entering a house. This is based upon a verse of the Quran: «However, when you enter houses, greet one another with a greeting ˹of peace˺ from Allah, blessed and good. This is how Allah makes His revelations clear to you, so perhaps you will understand.» (An-Nur 24:61).^[8]

The phrase appears a total of 7 times in the Quran, each time as salamun ʿalaykum (Arabic: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ). In Classical Arabic, used in the Qur’an and early Hadith manuscripts, the phrase is spelled as ٱلسَّلَٰمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَٰتُهُ. In Rasm, it is written as السلم علىکم ورحمٮ ال‍له وٮرکٮه.

• Surah Al-An’am (6), Ayah 54:

وَإِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ ٱلرَّحْمَةَ ۖ أَنَّهُۥ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنكُمْ سُوٓءًۢا بِجَهَالَةٍۢ ثُمَّ تَابَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَنَّهُۥ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ
“When those who have faith in Our signs come to you, say, ‘Peace to you! Your Lord has made mercy incumbent upon Himself: whoever of you commits an evil [deed] out of ignorance and then repents after that and reforms, then He is indeed All-Forgiving, All-Merciful.’”

• Surah Al-A’raf (7), Ayah 46:

وَبَيْنَهُمَا حِجَابٌۭ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱلْأَعْرَافِ رِجَالٌۭ يَعْرِفُونَ كُلًّۢا بِسِيمَاهُمْ ۚ وَنَادَوْا۟ أَصْحَابَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ أَن سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ لَمْ يَدْخُلُوهَا وَهُمْ يَطْمَعُونَ
“And there will be a veil between them. And on the Elevations will be certain men who recognize each of them by their mark. They will call out to the inhabitants of paradise, ‘Peace be to you!’ They will not have entered it, though they would be eager to do so.”

• Surah Ar-Ra’d (13), Ayah 24:

سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُم بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ ۚ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى ٱلدَّارِ
“‘Peace be to you, for your patience.’ How excellent is the reward of the [ultimate] abode!”

• Surah An-Nahl (16), Ayah 32:

ٱلَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ ۙ يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
“Those whom the angels take away while they are pure. They say [to them], ‘Peace be to you! Enter paradise because of what you used to do.’”

• Surah Maryam (19), Ayah 47:

قَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ ۖ سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّي ۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ بِي حَفِيًّۭا
“He said, ‘Peace be to you! I shall plead with my Lord to forgive you. Indeed He is gracious to me.’”

• Surah Al-Qasas (28), Ayah 55:

وَإِذَا سَمِعُوا۟ ٱللَّغْوَ أَعْرَضُوا۟ عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا۟ لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا نَبْتَغِي ٱلْجَاهِلِينَ
“And when they hear vain talk, they avoid it and say, ‘Our deeds belong to us, and your deeds belong to you. Peace be to you. We do not court the ignorant.’”

• Surah Az-Zumar (39), Ayah 73:

وَسِيقَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا۟ رَبَّهُمْ إِلَى ٱلْجَنَّةِ زُمَرًا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَآءُوهَا وَفُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا وَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَا سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ طِبْتُمْ فَٱدْخُلُوهَا خَالِدِينَ
“Those who are wary of their Lord will be led to paradise in throngs. When they reach it, and its gates are opened, its keepers will say to them, ‘Peace be to you! You are welcome! Enter it to remain [forever].’”

Other variants, such as salamun ʿalā (سَلَامٌ عَلَىٰ), or the term salam (سَلَام) alone is also mentioned in several other Ayahs of the Qur’an.

Usage by non-Arabic speakers[edit]

• Cognate Semitic language parallels include the Aramaic/Classical Syriac šlāmā ʿalḵōn (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), and the Hebrew Shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם shālôm ʻalêḵem).^[4][9]
• In Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and Tajikistan, Salâm (سلام) is used alone more frequently, with occasional use of Salam-o aleykom and the more common beh salâmat (به سلامت), meaning «[go] with peace». Goodbye is supplanted by a Khudâ hâfez (Persian: خدا حافظ), meaning «with the protection of God».
• In Albania and Kosovo, a diminutive form in the Albanian language, Selamun Alejkem or Selamun Alejqum is rarely used, the ‘q’ being a voiceless palatal stop typical of Balkan Turkish and Thracian Turkish phonology.^[10] Similarly, Bosniaks and Macedonian Muslims use the phrase «selam alejkum» (Cyrillic: селам алејкум).
• In Amharic, the native Amharic term Selam is used in place of Tadias, which is the equivalent of «What’s up».
• In Turkey, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, many religious people use «Äs-sälamwaleykum» or «selamun aleyküm» and shake hands and it is the same for saying «Hello»; more secular and non-religious people say «Selam» and in Kazakhstan say «Sälem» or «Sälemetsız be» as an equivalent to «Hello» or «Hi». However, many Turks pronounce it differently as «Selamün aleyküm«.
• In Pakistan, the greeting is also associated with shaking right hands and is also often accompanied with a hug when meeting infrequently (only between the same gender). In some places, people put a hand on their heart as they shake your hand and greet. Also, the full greeting is preferred versus the shorter greeting, «salam». Goodbye is supplanted by a «Khuda Hafiz» or the variation «Allah Hafiz», both of which mean «May God protect you».
• In India, the greeting mostly among Muslims is a simple handshake or hug, As-salamu alaykum (Hindi: असलम अलैकुम) or the shorter greeting «Salam» is used in informal situations. Goodbye is supplanted by a «Khuda Hafiz» or the alternative form «Allah Hafiz» (Hindi: अल्लाह हफीज, romanized: Allāh Hāphêj), both of which mean «May God protect you».
• In Bangladesh, Assalamu alaikum (Bengali: আসসালামু আলাইকুম) is the most common Muslim greeting.^[11] Some Muslims greet their elders with these words whilst raising their right hand to the forehead.^[12] Assalamu alaikum is even used as to say goodbye, while many others say «Khoda Hafez» or «Allah Hafez» (Bengali: আল্লাহ হাফেজ, romanized: Āllāha hāphêj) «May God protect you».
• In Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, Assalomu aleykum is used as an informal greeting.
• In Indonesia, the greeting is sometimes mixed with other greeting phrases of other religions.
• Shortening the greeting to acronyms, such as A.S., As’kum (in Malaysia), or AsA is becoming common amongst Internet users in chat rooms and by people using SMS. This trend is similar to writing (S) or SAWS in place of ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam.
• In Chechnya and other parts of the Caucasus, Salamun Alaykum (Chechen: Саламун алайкум) is used to say hello, in Ossetia, a corrupted version of Salam is used (Ossetian: Шалам).
• In Senegal which has a majority of Muslims with Tasawwuf-orientation, it is a common greeting. Spelled and pronounced in Wolof: «a-sala māleykum», with the reply being «må-lekum salām.»
• In Xinjiang, China, «Essalam eleykum» is used as a greeting by Uyghurs, and the reply is «We-eleykum essalam».
• In Portugal, the expression Salamaleque gained a totally distinct and curious meaning: due to the habit of Iberian Arabs to bow and wave their hand when greeting a person, the expression «Salamaleque» is applied to exaggerated movements or acts in order to appear to be formal, entertaining or fancy. «Os rapazes chegaram cheios de salamaleques».
• In Italy, Salamelecco has a similar meaning, referring to excessive courtesy and politeness.
• In France, salamalec has similar meaning, referring to excessive flattery.
• In Malta, «Is-sliem għalikom» is often used in Catholic Church masses as a way of greeting, often by the priest, as a way of saying «peace be upon you». As the Maltese language derives from Arabic, it inherited and still uses Arabic terms for religion amongst other things.
• In the Maldives, «އައްސަލާމް ޢަލައިކުމް» (assalaam ‘alaikum) is used as a common formal greeting, used similar to «hello».^[13]
• In Nigeria, the phrase «assalamu alaikum» is used as a formal greeting by Muslims.
• In Kurdish, the phrase «selam eleykum» is used as a formal greeting among, often shortened to just «selam«.
• In Russia, Muslims use variations of the phrase, such as «салам алейкум» (Russian) and «салам алайкум» (Tatar).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• A brief illustrated guide to understanding Islam
• How to pronounce As salamu alaykum in Arabic
• How To Pronounce Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh in Arabic
• How to pronounce Walaikum Assalam in Arabic

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As-salamu alaykum (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ, as-salāmu ʿalaykum, Arabic: [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum] (listen)), also written salamun alaykum and typically rendered in English as salam alaykum, is a greeting in Arabic that means ‘Peace be upon you’. The salām (سَلَام, meaning ‘peace’) has become a religious salutation for Muslims^[1] worldwide when greeting each other, though its use as a greeting pre-dates Islam, and is also common among Arabic speakers of other religions (such as Arab Christians and Mizrahi Jews^[2]).

In colloquial speech, often only the first part of the phrase (so: salām, ‘peace’) is used to greet a person. The typical response to the greeting is wa ʿalaykumu s-salām (وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ, Arabic: [wa ʔa.laj.kum mus.sa.laːm] (listen), ‘and peace be upon you’). The complete phrase is as-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu -llāhi wa-barakātuh^ū (ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ, [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum wa.raħ.ma.tu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi wa.ba.ra.kaː.tu.huː]), ‘Peace be upon you, as well as the mercy of God and his blessings’.

This greeting in its abbreviated form, salām ^[3](سَلَام), has come to be used as the general salutation in other languages as well. Among Christians, during Mass or other liturgical services, the priest or pastor and the congregation often use the salutation, «peace be with you», sometimes replying, «and also with you».

Cognate Semitic language parallels include the Aramaic/Classical Syriac šlāmā ʿalḵōn (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), and the Hebrew shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם shālôm ʻalêḵem).^[4][5]

Pronunciation[edit]

The phrase is normally pronounced according to local dialects of speakers and is very often shortened.

For example:

• In Egypt: [sæˈlæːmu ʕæˈleːku], [we ʕæˈleːkom es.sæˈlæːm]
• By native English-speaking Muslims: ,

Grammatical variants[edit]

The expression commonly uses the second person plural masculine, even when used to address one person. It may be modified by choosing the appropriate enclitic pronoun to address a person in the masculine and feminine singular form, the dual form, or the feminine plural form. The conjugations are as follows (note: according to the standard pronunciation rules of Classical Arabic, the last short vowel in each word is not pronounced in pausa):

A third-person variant, ʿalayhi as-salām, «peace be upon him», is often used by Muslims for prophets other than Muhammad and other holy personalities, such as angels.

In Islam[edit]

According to Islamic tradition, the origin of the greeting «Peace be upon you» dates back to the first human, Adam:

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Allah said: Go and greet with peace these groups of assembled angels and listen to how they greet you, for this will be the greeting among your progeny. Adam said: Peace be upon you. The angels said: Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah. Thus, they added the mercy of Allah” ^[6]

The final Prophet said, “None of you will enter paradise until you believe and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I not tell you about something which, if you do it, you will love one another? Spread salaam amongst yourselves.” ^[7]

It is also stated that one should give the Salam greeting upon entering a house. This is based upon a verse of the Quran: «However, when you enter houses, greet one another with a greeting ˹of peace˺ from Allah, blessed and good. This is how Allah makes His revelations clear to you, so perhaps you will understand.» (An-Nur 24:61).^[8]

The phrase appears a total of 7 times in the Quran, each time as salamun ʿalaykum (Arabic: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ). In Classical Arabic, used in the Qur’an and early Hadith manuscripts, the phrase is spelled as ٱلسَّلَٰمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَٰتُهُ. In Rasm, it is written as السلم علىکم ورحمٮ ال‍له وٮرکٮه.

• Surah Al-An’am (6), Ayah 54:

وَإِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ ٱلرَّحْمَةَ ۖ أَنَّهُۥ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنكُمْ سُوٓءًۢا بِجَهَالَةٍۢ ثُمَّ تَابَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَنَّهُۥ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ
“When those who have faith in Our signs come to you, say, ‘Peace to you! Your Lord has made mercy incumbent upon Himself: whoever of you commits an evil [deed] out of ignorance and then repents after that and reforms, then He is indeed All-Forgiving, All-Merciful.’”

• Surah Al-A’raf (7), Ayah 46:

وَبَيْنَهُمَا حِجَابٌۭ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱلْأَعْرَافِ رِجَالٌۭ يَعْرِفُونَ كُلًّۢا بِسِيمَاهُمْ ۚ وَنَادَوْا۟ أَصْحَابَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ أَن سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ لَمْ يَدْخُلُوهَا وَهُمْ يَطْمَعُونَ
“And there will be a veil between them. And on the Elevations will be certain men who recognize each of them by their mark. They will call out to the inhabitants of paradise, ‘Peace be to you!’ They will not have entered it, though they would be eager to do so.”

• Surah Ar-Ra’d (13), Ayah 24:

سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُم بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ ۚ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى ٱلدَّارِ
“‘Peace be to you, for your patience.’ How excellent is the reward of the [ultimate] abode!”

• Surah An-Nahl (16), Ayah 32:

ٱلَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ ۙ يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
“Those whom the angels take away while they are pure. They say [to them], ‘Peace be to you! Enter paradise because of what you used to do.’”

• Surah Maryam (19), Ayah 47:

قَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ ۖ سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّي ۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ بِي حَفِيًّۭا
“He said, ‘Peace be to you! I shall plead with my Lord to forgive you. Indeed He is gracious to me.’”

• Surah Al-Qasas (28), Ayah 55:

وَإِذَا سَمِعُوا۟ ٱللَّغْوَ أَعْرَضُوا۟ عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا۟ لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا نَبْتَغِي ٱلْجَاهِلِينَ
“And when they hear vain talk, they avoid it and say, ‘Our deeds belong to us, and your deeds belong to you. Peace be to you. We do not court the ignorant.’”

• Surah Az-Zumar (39), Ayah 73:

وَسِيقَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا۟ رَبَّهُمْ إِلَى ٱلْجَنَّةِ زُمَرًا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَآءُوهَا وَفُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا وَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَا سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ طِبْتُمْ فَٱدْخُلُوهَا خَالِدِينَ
“Those who are wary of their Lord will be led to paradise in throngs. When they reach it, and its gates are opened, its keepers will say to them, ‘Peace be to you! You are welcome! Enter it to remain [forever].’”

Other variants, such as salamun ʿalā (سَلَامٌ عَلَىٰ), or the term salam (سَلَام) alone is also mentioned in several other Ayahs of the Qur’an.

Usage by non-Arabic speakers[edit]

• Cognate Semitic language parallels include the Aramaic/Classical Syriac šlāmā ʿalḵōn (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), and the Hebrew Shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם shālôm ʻalêḵem).^[4][9]
• In Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and Tajikistan, Salâm (سلام) is used alone more frequently, with occasional use of Salam-o aleykom and the more common beh salâmat (به سلامت), meaning «[go] with peace». Goodbye is supplanted by a Khudâ hâfez (Persian: خدا حافظ), meaning «with the protection of God».
• In Albania and Kosovo, a diminutive form in the Albanian language, Selamun Alejkem or Selamun Alejqum is rarely used, the ‘q’ being a voiceless palatal stop typical of Balkan Turkish and Thracian Turkish phonology.^[10] Similarly, Bosniaks and Macedonian Muslims use the phrase «selam alejkum» (Cyrillic: селам алејкум).
• In Amharic, the native Amharic term Selam is used in place of Tadias, which is the equivalent of «What’s up».
• In Turkey, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, many religious people use «Äs-sälamwaleykum» or «selamun aleyküm» and shake hands and it is the same for saying «Hello»; more secular and non-religious people say «Selam» and in Kazakhstan say «Sälem» or «Sälemetsız be» as an equivalent to «Hello» or «Hi». However, many Turks pronounce it differently as «Selamün aleyküm«.
• In Pakistan, the greeting is also associated with shaking right hands and is also often accompanied with a hug when meeting infrequently (only between the same gender). In some places, people put a hand on their heart as they shake your hand and greet. Also, the full greeting is preferred versus the shorter greeting, «salam». Goodbye is supplanted by a «Khuda Hafiz» or the variation «Allah Hafiz», both of which mean «May God protect you».
• In India, the greeting mostly among Muslims is a simple handshake or hug, As-salamu alaykum (Hindi: असलम अलैकुम) or the shorter greeting «Salam» is used in informal situations. Goodbye is supplanted by a «Khuda Hafiz» or the alternative form «Allah Hafiz» (Hindi: अल्लाह हफीज, romanized: Allāh Hāphêj), both of which mean «May God protect you».
• In Bangladesh, Assalamu alaikum (Bengali: আসসালামু আলাইকুম) is the most common Muslim greeting.^[11] Some Muslims greet their elders with these words whilst raising their right hand to the forehead.^[12] Assalamu alaikum is even used as to say goodbye, while many others say «Khoda Hafez» or «Allah Hafez» (Bengali: আল্লাহ হাফেজ, romanized: Āllāha hāphêj) «May God protect you».
• In Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, Assalomu aleykum is used as an informal greeting.
• In Indonesia, the greeting is sometimes mixed with other greeting phrases of other religions.
• Shortening the greeting to acronyms, such as A.S., As’kum (in Malaysia), or AsA is becoming common amongst Internet users in chat rooms and by people using SMS. This trend is similar to writing (S) or SAWS in place of ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam.
• In Chechnya and other parts of the Caucasus, Salamun Alaykum (Chechen: Саламун алайкум) is used to say hello, in Ossetia, a corrupted version of Salam is used (Ossetian: Шалам).
• In Senegal which has a majority of Muslims with Tasawwuf-orientation, it is a common greeting. Spelled and pronounced in Wolof: «a-sala māleykum», with the reply being «må-lekum salām.»
• In Xinjiang, China, «Essalam eleykum» is used as a greeting by Uyghurs, and the reply is «We-eleykum essalam».
• In Portugal, the expression Salamaleque gained a totally distinct and curious meaning: due to the habit of Iberian Arabs to bow and wave their hand when greeting a person, the expression «Salamaleque» is applied to exaggerated movements or acts in order to appear to be formal, entertaining or fancy. «Os rapazes chegaram cheios de salamaleques».
• In Italy, Salamelecco has a similar meaning, referring to excessive courtesy and politeness.
• In France, salamalec has similar meaning, referring to excessive flattery.
• In Malta, «Is-sliem għalikom» is often used in Catholic Church masses as a way of greeting, often by the priest, as a way of saying «peace be upon you». As the Maltese language derives from Arabic, it inherited and still uses Arabic terms for religion amongst other things.
• In the Maldives, «އައްސަލާމް ޢަލައިކުމް» (assalaam ‘alaikum) is used as a common formal greeting, used similar to «hello».^[13]
• In Nigeria, the phrase «assalamu alaikum» is used as a formal greeting by Muslims.
• In Kurdish, the phrase «selam eleykum» is used as a formal greeting among, often shortened to just «selam«.
• In Russia, Muslims use variations of the phrase, such as «салам алейкум» (Russian) and «салам алайкум» (Tatar).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• A brief illustrated guide to understanding Islam
• How to pronounce As salamu alaykum in Arabic
• How To Pronounce Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh in Arabic
• How to pronounce Walaikum Assalam in Arabic

Ассаля́му ‘алейкум (араб. السلام عليكم‎‎ [ʔæsːæˈlæːmʊ ʕɑˈlæɪkʊm] — мир на вас, мир вам) — арабское приветствие, укоренившееся в исламе и используемое мусульманами разных национальностей^[1], его также используют арабы-христиане и арабские евреи. Эквивалент слова «здравствуйте»^[1]. В ответ на это приветствие традиционно отвечают ва-алейкум ас-саля́м (араб. ‏وعليكم السلام‎‎ — и вам мир)^[1]. Понятие «салам», однокоренное слову «ислам», первоначально имело чисто религиозное значение и использовалось в смысле «мир с Богом»^[2].

О приветствии в Коране и Сунне

Согласно Корану, мусульмане обязаны отвечать на приветствие, используя не меньше слов, чем тот кто поприветствовал первым:

«Когда вас приветствуют, отвечайте ещё лучшим приветствием или тем же самым. Воистину, Аллах подсчитывает всякую вещь.»

— (Коран, 4:86)

Сунна пророка Мухаммада и юридические труды, посвящённые взаимоотношению мусульман и не-мусульман, говорят о том, что приветствие предназначено для обращения среди людей Писания. В одном из хадисов пророк говорит: «Когда люди Писания вас приветствуют словами ас-саму ‘алейкум (вместо ассаламу ‘алейкум), то отвечайте: ва-алейкум»^{[источник не указан 452 дня]}.

Согласно хадису, однажды еврей в присутствии Аиши приветствовал Мухаммада словами ас-саму ‘алейкум (вместо ассаламу ‘алейкум). Слово сам имеет значение «быстрая смерть». И Аиша стала громко ругаться с евреем, но Мухаммад сказал ей не ругаться, а что следует отвечать араб. وعليكم‎‎ «и вам» (ва-алейкум).

Другие виды приветствия

Строго говоря, грамматически Ассаляму алейкум указывает только на второе лицо множественного числа (вам).
Другие варианты приветствий и ответов на приветствия:

• Ас-саля́му алейка (араб. السلام عليك‎‎ — мир над тобой) — при обращении на «ты» к одному мужчине;
• Ас-саля́му алейки (араб. السلام عليك‎‎ — мир над тобой) — при обращении на «ты» к одной женщине;
• Ас-саля́му алейкума (араб. السلام عليكما‎‎ — мир над вами (обоим)) — при обращении к двум людям любого пола;
• Ас-саля́му алейкунна (араб. السلام عليكن‎‎ — мир над вами) — только при обращении к трём и более женщинам;
• Ас-саля́му алейкуму (араб. السلام عليكم‎‎ — мир над вами) — при обращении к группе из трёх или более человек, в которой есть хотя бы один мужчина; или высшему государственному лицу (королю, министру и так далее);
• Саля́м^[1] (араб. سلام‎‎ — мир) — в последнее время в странах со смешанным населением, исповедующим разные религии, но преобладающим исламом, используют не «Ассала́му алейкум», а именно укороченное слово «Салам», причём и люди других религий здороваются с мусульманами и между собой укороченным словом.
• Ас-саля́му алейкум ва-рахмату-Лла́х (араб. السلام عليكم ورحمة الله‎‎ — мир над вами и милость Божья) — форма приветствия, которое означает: «Мир вам и милость Аллаха»^[1].
• Ас-саляму алайкум ва-рахмату-Лла́хи ва-баракя́тух (араб. السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته‎‎ — мир над вами и милость Божья и Его благословение) — форма приветствия, которое означает: «Мир вам, милость Аллаха и Его благословение»^[1].
• Ва-алейкум ас-саля́м ва-рахмату-Лла́хи ва-баракя́тух (араб. وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته‎‎ — и над вами мир и милость Божья и Его благословение) — форма ответа на приветствие, которое означает: «И вам мир, милость Аллаха и Его благословение».

Положения связанные с приветствием

Пред тем как поприветствовать людей в мечети, мусульмане должны совершить молитву тахияту ль-масджид (приветствие мечети).

Мусульманам нельзя первым приветствовать:

• Мужчинам — незнакомых девушек, молодых женщин.
• Читающих молитву (намаз), проповедь (хутба) либо Коран.
• Совершающего поминание Аллаха (зикр) или произносящего проповедь.
• Муэдзина, призывающего к молитве (азан или икамат).
• Человека, принимающего пищу или отправляющего естественную нужду.
• Человека, совершающего грех^[3].

Первыми должны приветствовать: старший — младшего, горожанин — сельского жителя, всадник — пешего, стоящий — сидящего, хозяин — прислугу, отец — сына, мать — свою дочь^[3].

Литература

• Bernard Lewis: Die politische Sprache des Islam. Berlin 1991. S. 133—135 (und Anm. 18-24 auf S. 233—234)
• Ignaz Goldziher in: Die Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Bd. 46, S.22-23.

Ссылки

• Audio clip for Salam  (англ.)  (ар.)

Примечания

Арабские фразы
Фразы	Ассаламу алейкум • Ид мубарак • Иншаллах • Машаллах
Зикр	Альхамдулиллах • Басмала • Калима • Салават • Субханаллах[en] • Тальбия • Такбир • Шахада

Ас-саляму алейкум

Приветствие мусульман при встрече

Приветственные фразы которые говорят мусульмане при встрече с братьями и сестрами по вере:
السلام عليكم
Ассаламу алейкум!
Перевод: да пребудет с вами мир!
Тот, кто услышал это приветствие должен ответить:
وعليكم السلام
Уа алейкум ассалам!
Перевод: и да пребудет с вами мир!
Можно выразить приветствие более объемной фразой:
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

Аллах Всевышний также сказал:

Когда вас приветствуют, отвечайте еще лучшим приветствием или тем же самым. Воистину, Аллах подсчитывает всякую вещь. (Сура Ан-Ниса (Женщины), 86-й аят)

Лучшим приветствием в Исламе является:
Ассаламу алейкум уа рахматуЛлахи уа баракатух
Перевод: да пребудет с вами мир, милость и благословение Аллаха.
А лучшим ответом на это приветствие — пожелание тех же самых благ:
و عليكم السلام والرحمة الله وبركاته
Уа алейкум ассалам уа рахматуЛлахи уа баракатух.

Соответственно, когда приветствие мусульман звучит так «ассаламу алейкум», то он должен поприветствовать еще лучшим приветствием или тем же самым. Еще лучшим приветствием будет уа алейкум ассалам уа рахматуЛлахи уа баракатух.

Хадисы про приветствие в Исламе

Передают со слов Абу Хурайры, да будет доволен им Аллах, что посланник Аллаха, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, сказал:

«Вы не войдёте в рай, пока не уверуете, а не уверуете вы до тех пор, пока не станете любить друг друга, так не указать ли мне вам на то, что приведёт вас к взаимной любви, если вы будете делать это? Распространяйте мир между собой!» Этот хадис приводит Муслим 54, Абу Дауд 5193, ат-Тирмизи 2688, Ибн Маджах 68.

Сообщается, что ‘Абдуллах бин Салям, да будет доволен им Аллах, сказал:

– Я слышал, как посланник Аллаха, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, сказал: «О люди, распространяйте мир, кормите (других), поддерживайте родственные связи, молитесь, когда (другие) люди будут спать, и вы войдёте в рай с миром». Этот хадис приводят Ахмад 5/451, ад-Дарими 1460, Ибн Маджах 1334 и 3451, аль-Хаким 3/13 и ат-Тирмизи 2485, который сказал: «Достоверный хадис».

Сообщается, что Абу Умама, да будет доволен им Аллах, сказал:

«Наш пророк, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, велел нам распространять приветствия». Этот хадис приводят Ибн Маджах 3693, Ибн ас-Сунни в «‘Амаль аль-йаум ва-л-лейля» 216, ат-Табарани в «Му’джам аль-Кабир» 7524, 7525, и в «Муснад аш-шамийин» 821, Ибн Абу Шейба 26251. Шейх аль-Албани назвал хадис достоверным.

Эти и многие другие хадисы про приветствие в Исламе говорят о его важности и пользе.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As-salamu alaykum (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ, as-salāmu ʿalaykum, Arabic: [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum] (listen)), also written salamun alaykum and typically rendered in English as salam alaykum, is a greeting in Arabic that means ‘Peace be upon you’. The salām (سَلَام, meaning ‘peace’) has become a religious salutation for Muslims^[1] worldwide when greeting each other, though its use as a greeting pre-dates Islam, and is also common among Arabic speakers of other religions (such as Arab Christians and Mizrahi Jews^[2]).

In colloquial speech, often only the first part of the phrase (so: salām, ‘peace’) is used to greet a person. The typical response to the greeting is wa ʿalaykumu s-salām (وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ, Arabic: [wa ʔa.laj.kum mus.sa.laːm] (listen), ‘and peace be upon you’). The complete phrase is as-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu -llāhi wa-barakātuh^ū (ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ, [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum wa.raħ.ma.tu‿ɫ.ɫaː.hi wa.ba.ra.kaː.tu.huː]), ‘Peace be upon you, as well as the mercy of God and his blessings’.

This greeting in its abbreviated form, salām ^[3](سَلَام), has come to be used as the general salutation in other languages as well. Among Christians, during Mass or other liturgical services, the priest or pastor and the congregation often use the salutation, «peace be with you», sometimes replying, «and also with you».

Cognate Semitic language parallels include the Aramaic/Classical Syriac šlāmā ʿalḵōn (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), and the Hebrew shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם shālôm ʻalêḵem).^[4][5]

Pronunciation[edit]

The phrase is normally pronounced according to local dialects of speakers and is very often shortened.

For example:

• In Egypt: [sæˈlæːmu ʕæˈleːku], [we ʕæˈleːkom es.sæˈlæːm]
• By native English-speaking Muslims: ,

Grammatical variants[edit]

The expression commonly uses the second person plural masculine, even when used to address one person. It may be modified by choosing the appropriate enclitic pronoun to address a person in the masculine and feminine singular form, the dual form, or the feminine plural form. The conjugations are as follows (note: according to the standard pronunciation rules of Classical Arabic, the last short vowel in each word is not pronounced in pausa):

A third-person variant, ʿalayhi as-salām, «peace be upon him», is often used by Muslims for prophets other than Muhammad and other holy personalities, such as angels.

In Islam[edit]

According to Islamic tradition, the origin of the greeting «Peace be upon you» dates back to the first human, Adam:

Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Allah said: Go and greet with peace these groups of assembled angels and listen to how they greet you, for this will be the greeting among your progeny. Adam said: Peace be upon you. The angels said: Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah. Thus, they added the mercy of Allah” ^[6]

The final Prophet said, “None of you will enter paradise until you believe and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I not tell you about something which, if you do it, you will love one another? Spread salaam amongst yourselves.” ^[7]

It is also stated that one should give the Salam greeting upon entering a house. This is based upon a verse of the Quran: «However, when you enter houses, greet one another with a greeting ˹of peace˺ from Allah, blessed and good. This is how Allah makes His revelations clear to you, so perhaps you will understand.» (An-Nur 24:61).^[8]

The phrase appears a total of 7 times in the Quran, each time as salamun ʿalaykum (Arabic: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ). In Classical Arabic, used in the Qur’an and early Hadith manuscripts, the phrase is spelled as ٱلسَّلَٰمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَٰتُهُ. In Rasm, it is written as السلم علىکم ورحمٮ ال‍له وٮرکٮه.

• Surah Al-An’am (6), Ayah 54:

وَإِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ ٱلرَّحْمَةَ ۖ أَنَّهُۥ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنكُمْ سُوٓءًۢا بِجَهَالَةٍۢ ثُمَّ تَابَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَنَّهُۥ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ
“When those who have faith in Our signs come to you, say, ‘Peace to you! Your Lord has made mercy incumbent upon Himself: whoever of you commits an evil [deed] out of ignorance and then repents after that and reforms, then He is indeed All-Forgiving, All-Merciful.’”

• Surah Al-A’raf (7), Ayah 46:

وَبَيْنَهُمَا حِجَابٌۭ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱلْأَعْرَافِ رِجَالٌۭ يَعْرِفُونَ كُلًّۢا بِسِيمَاهُمْ ۚ وَنَادَوْا۟ أَصْحَابَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ أَن سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ لَمْ يَدْخُلُوهَا وَهُمْ يَطْمَعُونَ
“And there will be a veil between them. And on the Elevations will be certain men who recognize each of them by their mark. They will call out to the inhabitants of paradise, ‘Peace be to you!’ They will not have entered it, though they would be eager to do so.”

• Surah Ar-Ra’d (13), Ayah 24:

سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُم بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ ۚ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى ٱلدَّارِ
“‘Peace be to you, for your patience.’ How excellent is the reward of the [ultimate] abode!”

• Surah An-Nahl (16), Ayah 32:

ٱلَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ ۙ يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
“Those whom the angels take away while they are pure. They say [to them], ‘Peace be to you! Enter paradise because of what you used to do.’”

• Surah Maryam (19), Ayah 47:

قَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ ۖ سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّي ۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ بِي حَفِيًّۭا
“He said, ‘Peace be to you! I shall plead with my Lord to forgive you. Indeed He is gracious to me.’”

• Surah Al-Qasas (28), Ayah 55:

وَإِذَا سَمِعُوا۟ ٱللَّغْوَ أَعْرَضُوا۟ عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا۟ لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا نَبْتَغِي ٱلْجَاهِلِينَ
“And when they hear vain talk, they avoid it and say, ‘Our deeds belong to us, and your deeds belong to you. Peace be to you. We do not court the ignorant.’”

• Surah Az-Zumar (39), Ayah 73:

وَسِيقَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا۟ رَبَّهُمْ إِلَى ٱلْجَنَّةِ زُمَرًا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَآءُوهَا وَفُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا وَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَا سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ طِبْتُمْ فَٱدْخُلُوهَا خَالِدِينَ
“Those who are wary of their Lord will be led to paradise in throngs. When they reach it, and its gates are opened, its keepers will say to them, ‘Peace be to you! You are welcome! Enter it to remain [forever].’”

Other variants, such as salamun ʿalā (سَلَامٌ عَلَىٰ), or the term salam (سَلَام) alone is also mentioned in several other Ayahs of the Qur’an.

Usage by non-Arabic speakers[edit]

• Cognate Semitic language parallels include the Aramaic/Classical Syriac šlāmā ʿalḵōn (ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܟ݂ܘܿܢ), and the Hebrew Shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם shālôm ʻalêḵem).^[4][9]
• In Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and Tajikistan, Salâm (سلام) is used alone more frequently, with occasional use of Salam-o aleykom and the more common beh salâmat (به سلامت), meaning «[go] with peace». Goodbye is supplanted by a Khudâ hâfez (Persian: خدا حافظ), meaning «with the protection of God».
• In Albania and Kosovo, a diminutive form in the Albanian language, Selamun Alejkem or Selamun Alejqum is rarely used, the ‘q’ being a voiceless palatal stop typical of Balkan Turkish and Thracian Turkish phonology.^[10] Similarly, Bosniaks and Macedonian Muslims use the phrase «selam alejkum» (Cyrillic: селам алејкум).
• In Amharic, the native Amharic term Selam is used in place of Tadias, which is the equivalent of «What’s up».
• In Turkey, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, many religious people use «Äs-sälamwaleykum» or «selamun aleyküm» and shake hands and it is the same for saying «Hello»; more secular and non-religious people say «Selam» and in Kazakhstan say «Sälem» or «Sälemetsız be» as an equivalent to «Hello» or «Hi». However, many Turks pronounce it differently as «Selamün aleyküm«.
• In Pakistan, the greeting is also associated with shaking right hands and is also often accompanied with a hug when meeting infrequently (only between the same gender). In some places, people put a hand on their heart as they shake your hand and greet. Also, the full greeting is preferred versus the shorter greeting, «salam». Goodbye is supplanted by a «Khuda Hafiz» or the variation «Allah Hafiz», both of which mean «May God protect you».
• In India, the greeting mostly among Muslims is a simple handshake or hug, As-salamu alaykum (Hindi: असलम अलैकुम) or the shorter greeting «Salam» is used in informal situations. Goodbye is supplanted by a «Khuda Hafiz» or the alternative form «Allah Hafiz» (Hindi: अल्लाह हफीज, romanized: Allāh Hāphêj), both of which mean «May God protect you».
• In Bangladesh, Assalamu alaikum (Bengali: আসসালামু আলাইকুম) is the most common Muslim greeting.^[11] Some Muslims greet their elders with these words whilst raising their right hand to the forehead.^[12] Assalamu alaikum is even used as to say goodbye, while many others say «Khoda Hafez» or «Allah Hafez» (Bengali: আল্লাহ হাফেজ, romanized: Āllāha hāphêj) «May God protect you».
• In Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, Assalomu aleykum is used as an informal greeting.
• In Indonesia, the greeting is sometimes mixed with other greeting phrases of other religions.
• Shortening the greeting to acronyms, such as A.S., As’kum (in Malaysia), or AsA is becoming common amongst Internet users in chat rooms and by people using SMS. This trend is similar to writing (S) or SAWS in place of ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam.
• In Chechnya and other parts of the Caucasus, Salamun Alaykum (Chechen: Саламун алайкум) is used to say hello, in Ossetia, a corrupted version of Salam is used (Ossetian: Шалам).
• In Senegal which has a majority of Muslims with Tasawwuf-orientation, it is a common greeting. Spelled and pronounced in Wolof: «a-sala māleykum», with the reply being «må-lekum salām.»
• In Xinjiang, China, «Essalam eleykum» is used as a greeting by Uyghurs, and the reply is «We-eleykum essalam».
• In Portugal, the expression Salamaleque gained a totally distinct and curious meaning: due to the habit of Iberian Arabs to bow and wave their hand when greeting a person, the expression «Salamaleque» is applied to exaggerated movements or acts in order to appear to be formal, entertaining or fancy. «Os rapazes chegaram cheios de salamaleques».
• In Italy, Salamelecco has a similar meaning, referring to excessive courtesy and politeness.
• In France, salamalec has similar meaning, referring to excessive flattery.
• In Malta, «Is-sliem għalikom» is often used in Catholic Church masses as a way of greeting, often by the priest, as a way of saying «peace be upon you». As the Maltese language derives from Arabic, it inherited and still uses Arabic terms for religion amongst other things.
• In the Maldives, «އައްސަލާމް ޢަލައިކުމް» (assalaam ‘alaikum) is used as a common formal greeting, used similar to «hello».^[13]
• In Nigeria, the phrase «assalamu alaikum» is used as a formal greeting by Muslims.
• In Kurdish, the phrase «selam eleykum» is used as a formal greeting among, often shortened to just «selam«.
• In Russia, Muslims use variations of the phrase, such as «салам алейкум» (Russian) and «салам алайкум» (Tatar).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• A brief illustrated guide to understanding Islam
• How to pronounce As salamu alaykum in Arabic
• How To Pronounce Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh in Arabic
• How to pronounce Walaikum Assalam in Arabic