Как написать свой батник

1. 

   1

   Откройте Блокнот. В Блокноте можно написать программу в виде текстового файла, а затем сохранить его как пакетный файл. Чтобы открыть Блокнот, откройте меню «Пуск»

   

   , введите блокнот и нажмите на синий значок «Блокнот» в верхней части меню.

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• Блокнот используется для преобразования текстовых файлов в пакетные, но код пакетного файла можно написать в любом текстовом редакторе.

MKDIR c:каталог1
MKDIR c:каталог2

@ECHO OFF 
XCOPY c:original c:backupfolder /m /e /y

@ECHO OFF 
cd c:source
REM Это исходная папка с файлами
FOR %%f IN (*.doc *.txt) DO XCOPY c:source"%%f" c:text /m /y
REM Все файлы с расширением .doc или .txt
REM будут скопированы из c:source в c:text
REM %%f это переменная
FOR %%f IN (*.jpg *.png *.bmp) DO XCOPY C:source"%%f" c:images /m /y
REM Все файлы с расширением .jpg, .png, .bmp 
REM будут скопированы из c:source в c:images

1. 

   1

   Закончите вводить программу пакетного файла. Когда вы завершите вводить и редактировать программу пакетного файла, сохраните его в качестве исполняемого файла.

2. 

   2

   Щелкните по Файл. Эта опция находится в верхнем левом углу окна Блокнота. Откроется выпадающее меню.

3. 

   3

   Нажмите Сохранить как. Эта опция находится в выпадающем меню «Файл». Откроется окно «Сохранить как».

4. 

   4

   Введите имя и расширение .bat. В строке «Имя файла» введите имя, а затем введите .bat.

   • Например, если пакетный файл для резервного копирования будет называться «backup», введите backup.bat.

5. 

   5

   Откройте выпадающее меню «Тип файла». Вы найдете его в нижней части окна «Сохранить как».

6. 

   6

   Щелкните по Все файлы. Эта опция находится в выпадающем меню. Так вы сможете сохранить файл с указанным расширением (в данном случае с расширением .bat).

7. 

   7

   Укажите папку, в которой будет храниться пакетный файл. Для этого щелкните по нужной папке (например, по «Рабочий стол») в левой части окна.

8. 

   8

   Нажмите Сохранить. Эта кнопка находится в нижнем правом углу окна «Сохранить как». Окно закроется.

9. 

   9

   Закройте Блокнот. Файл будет сохранен как пакетный файл в указанной папке.

10. 

    10

    Измените программу пакетного файла. Для этого щелкните по нему правой кнопкой мыши и в меню выберите «Изменить». Пакетный файл откроется в Блокноте; внесите необходимые изменения, а затем сохранить файл, нажав Ctrl+S.

    • Изменения вступят в силу, как только вы запустите пакетный файл.

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• Если имя файла или каталога содержит пробелы, заключите такое имя в кавычки (например, start "C:Documents and Settings").
• Чтобы отредактировать пакетный файл, можно использовать сторонние редакторы, такие как Notepad++, но по большому счету это пустая затея, если вы собираетесь создавать простейшие пакетные файлы.
• Чтобы запустить некоторые команды (например, ipconfig), потребуются административные привилегии. В этом случае щелкните правой кнопкой мыши по файлу и в меню выберите «Запуск от имени администратора» (если вы вошли в систему в качестве администратора).

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• В зависимости от используемых команд пакетные файлы могут быть опасными. Убедитесь, что команды пакетного файла не приведут к нежелательным последствиям (например, к удалению файлов или сбою компьютера).

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1. 

   1

   Open Notepad. Notepad allows you to create code as a text file and then save it when you’re done as a batch file. You can open Notepad by opening Start

   

   , typing in Notepad, and clicking the blue Notepad app icon at the top of the menu.

   • Notepad is commonly used to convert text files into batch files, but you can write your batch file’s text virtually anywhere.

2. 

   2

   Learn some basic batch commands. Batch files run a series of DOS commands, so the commands that you can use are similar to DOS commands. Some of the more important ones include:

   • ECHO — Displays text on the screen
   • @ECHO OFF — Hides the text that is normally output
   • START — Run a file with its default application
   • REM — Inserts a comment line in the program
   • MKDIR/RMDIR — Create and remove directories
   • DEL — Deletes a file or files
   • COPY — Copy a file or files
   • XCOPY — Allows you to copy files with extra options
   • FOR/IN/DO — This command lets you specify files.
   • TITLE— Edit the title of the window.
     ^[1]
     

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3. 

   3

   Write a program to create a directory. One of the easiest ways to learn how to create batch files is to focus on doing basic tasks first. For example, you can use a batch file to quickly create multiple directories:^[2]
   

   MKDIR c:example1
   MKDIR c:example2
   

4. 

   4

   Write the code to make a basic backup program. Batch files are great for running multiple commands, especially if you configure it to be able to run multiple times. With the XCOPY command, you can make a batch file that copies files from select folders to a backup folder, only overwriting files that have been updated since the last copy:

   @ECHO OFF 
   XCOPY c:original c:backupfolder /m /e /y
   

   • This copies over files from the folder «original» to the folder «backupfolder». You can replace these with the paths to the folders you want. /m specifies that only updated files will be copied, /e specifies that all subdirectories in the listed directory will be copied, and /y keeps the confirmation message appearing every time a file is overwritten.

5. 

   5

   Write a more advanced backup program. While simply copying the files from one folder to another is nice, what if you want to do a little sorting at the same time? That’s where the FOR/IN/DO command comes in. You can use that command to tell a file where to go depending on the extension:

   @ECHO OFF 
   cd c:source
   REM This is the location of the files that you want to sort
   FOR %%f IN (*.doc *.txt) DO XCOPY c:source"%%f" c:text /m /y
   REM This moves any files with a .doc or 
   REM .txt extension from c:source to c:text
   REM %%f is a variable
   FOR %%f IN (*.jpg *.png *.bmp) DO XCOPY C:source"%%f" c:images /m /y
   REM This moves any files with a .jpg, .png, 
   REM or .bmp extension from c:source to c:images
   

6. 6

   Display some text. If you want to know what is happening in your batch file but don’t want to see all the commands, you could program the batch file to print some text that explains what the batch file does. You can print text with ECHO. For example:

   @ECHO OFF
   MKDIR c:example1
   ECHO Created directory example1
   

   • You can change the color of the output with COLOR bf, where b is the background and f is the foreground color, both a hexadecimal number. Following colors are possible:
     

     Number	Color	Number	Color
     0	black	8	dark grey
     1	dark blue	9	blue
     2	dark green	a	green
     3	dark turquoise	b	turquoise
     4	dark red	c	red
     5	dark magenta	d	magenta
     6	dark yellow	e	yellow
     7	light grey	f	white

   • For example, red text on a dark green background would be displayed with
   • You need run the batch file from the command line to see the text, because else the window will close too fast to actually read the text you printed.

7. 

   7

   Experiment with different batch commands. If you want inspiration, you can check out the sample batch text at the end of this article.

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1. 

   1

   Finish entering your batch file’s text. Once you’ve completed and proofread your batch file, you can proceed with saving it as an executable file.

2. 

   2

   Click File. It’s in the top-left corner of the Notepad window. A drop-down menu will appear.

3. 

   3

   Click Save As…. This option is in the File drop-down menu. Clicking it prompts the Save As window to open.

4. 

   4

   Enter a name and the «.bat» extension. In the «File name» text box, type in whatever you want to name your program followed by .bat.

   • For a program named «Backup», for example, you’d type in Backup.bat here.

5. 

   5

   Click the «Save as type» drop-down box. You’ll find it near the bottom of the Save As window. A drop-down menu will appear.

6. 

   6

   Click All Files. It’s in the drop-down menu. This will allow your file to be saved as whatever its extension is (in this case, «.bat»).

7. 

   7

   Select a save location. Click a folder on the left side of the window (e.g., Desktop) to do so.

8. 

   8

   Click Save. It’s in the bottom-right corner of the Save As window. The window will close.

9. 

   9

   Close your Notepad file. It will be saved as a batch file in your selected location.

10. 

    10

    Edit the batch file’s contents. At any time, you can right-click your batch file and click Edit in the resulting drop-down menu. This will open the batch file as a Notepad document; at this point, you can make any changes and then save the file by pressing Ctrl+S.

    • The changes will immediately be reflected when you run the batch file.

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Sample Batch File

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• You will have to use quotes if you want to open a directory or file with spaces in its name (e.g., start "C:Documents and Settings").

• You can use third-party editors such as Notepad++ to edit your batch file, but for the most part, these are a waste of time when writing simple batch files.

• Some commands (such as ipconfig) will need administrative permissions to work. You can right-click the file and then click «Run as Administrator» to grant this permission if you’re on an administrator account.

• Depending on the commands you use, batch files can be dangerous. Make sure that none of your code runs the risk of performing an undesirable task (e.g., deleting files or crashing your computer).

Did this summary help you?

1. 

   1

   Open Notepad. Notepad allows you to create code as a text file and then save it when you’re done as a batch file. You can open Notepad by opening Start

   

   , typing in Notepad, and clicking the blue Notepad app icon at the top of the menu.

   • Notepad is commonly used to convert text files into batch files, but you can write your batch file’s text virtually anywhere.

2. 

   2

   Learn some basic batch commands. Batch files run a series of DOS commands, so the commands that you can use are similar to DOS commands. Some of the more important ones include:

   • ECHO — Displays text on the screen
   • @ECHO OFF — Hides the text that is normally output
   • START — Run a file with its default application
   • REM — Inserts a comment line in the program
   • MKDIR/RMDIR — Create and remove directories
   • DEL — Deletes a file or files
   • COPY — Copy a file or files
   • XCOPY — Allows you to copy files with extra options
   • FOR/IN/DO — This command lets you specify files.
   • TITLE— Edit the title of the window.
     ^[1]
     

   Advertisement

3. 

   3

   Write a program to create a directory. One of the easiest ways to learn how to create batch files is to focus on doing basic tasks first. For example, you can use a batch file to quickly create multiple directories:^[2]
   

   MKDIR c:example1
   MKDIR c:example2
   

4. 

   4

   Write the code to make a basic backup program. Batch files are great for running multiple commands, especially if you configure it to be able to run multiple times. With the XCOPY command, you can make a batch file that copies files from select folders to a backup folder, only overwriting files that have been updated since the last copy:

   @ECHO OFF 
   XCOPY c:original c:backupfolder /m /e /y
   

   • This copies over files from the folder «original» to the folder «backupfolder». You can replace these with the paths to the folders you want. /m specifies that only updated files will be copied, /e specifies that all subdirectories in the listed directory will be copied, and /y keeps the confirmation message appearing every time a file is overwritten.

5. 

   5

   Write a more advanced backup program. While simply copying the files from one folder to another is nice, what if you want to do a little sorting at the same time? That’s where the FOR/IN/DO command comes in. You can use that command to tell a file where to go depending on the extension:

   @ECHO OFF 
   cd c:source
   REM This is the location of the files that you want to sort
   FOR %%f IN (*.doc *.txt) DO XCOPY c:source"%%f" c:text /m /y
   REM This moves any files with a .doc or 
   REM .txt extension from c:source to c:text
   REM %%f is a variable
   FOR %%f IN (*.jpg *.png *.bmp) DO XCOPY C:source"%%f" c:images /m /y
   REM This moves any files with a .jpg, .png, 
   REM or .bmp extension from c:source to c:images
   

6. 6

   Display some text. If you want to know what is happening in your batch file but don’t want to see all the commands, you could program the batch file to print some text that explains what the batch file does. You can print text with ECHO. For example:

   @ECHO OFF
   MKDIR c:example1
   ECHO Created directory example1
   

   • You can change the color of the output with COLOR bf, where b is the background and f is the foreground color, both a hexadecimal number. Following colors are possible:
     

     Number	Color	Number	Color
     0	black	8	dark grey
     1	dark blue	9	blue
     2	dark green	a	green
     3	dark turquoise	b	turquoise
     4	dark red	c	red
     5	dark magenta	d	magenta
     6	dark yellow	e	yellow
     7	light grey	f	white

   • For example, red text on a dark green background would be displayed with
   • You need run the batch file from the command line to see the text, because else the window will close too fast to actually read the text you printed.

7. 

   7

   Experiment with different batch commands. If you want inspiration, you can check out the sample batch text at the end of this article.

Advertisement

1. 

   1

   Finish entering your batch file’s text. Once you’ve completed and proofread your batch file, you can proceed with saving it as an executable file.

2. 

   2

   Click File. It’s in the top-left corner of the Notepad window. A drop-down menu will appear.

3. 

   3

   Click Save As…. This option is in the File drop-down menu. Clicking it prompts the Save As window to open.

4. 

   4

   Enter a name and the «.bat» extension. In the «File name» text box, type in whatever you want to name your program followed by .bat.

   • For a program named «Backup», for example, you’d type in Backup.bat here.

5. 

   5

   Click the «Save as type» drop-down box. You’ll find it near the bottom of the Save As window. A drop-down menu will appear.

6. 

   6

   Click All Files. It’s in the drop-down menu. This will allow your file to be saved as whatever its extension is (in this case, «.bat»).

7. 

   7

   Select a save location. Click a folder on the left side of the window (e.g., Desktop) to do so.

8. 

   8

   Click Save. It’s in the bottom-right corner of the Save As window. The window will close.

9. 

   9

   Close your Notepad file. It will be saved as a batch file in your selected location.

10. 

    10

    Edit the batch file’s contents. At any time, you can right-click your batch file and click Edit in the resulting drop-down menu. This will open the batch file as a Notepad document; at this point, you can make any changes and then save the file by pressing Ctrl+S.

    • The changes will immediately be reflected when you run the batch file.

Advertisement

Sample Batch File

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• You will have to use quotes if you want to open a directory or file with spaces in its name (e.g., start "C:Documents and Settings").

• You can use third-party editors such as Notepad++ to edit your batch file, but for the most part, these are a waste of time when writing simple batch files.

• Some commands (such as ipconfig) will need administrative permissions to work. You can right-click the file and then click «Run as Administrator» to grant this permission if you’re on an administrator account.

• Depending on the commands you use, batch files can be dangerous. Make sure that none of your code runs the risk of performing an undesirable task (e.g., deleting files or crashing your computer).

Did this summary help you?