Как пишется арабская буква син

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Син.

Арабский алфавит
ﺍ	Алиф	ﺽ	Дад
ﺏ	Ба	ﻁ	Ṫа
ﺕ	Та	ﻅ	За
ﺙ	Са	ﻉ	Айн
ﺝ	Джим	ﻍ	Гайн
ﺡ	Ха	ﻑ	Фа
ﺥ	Ẋа	ﻕ	Ḳаф
ﺩ	Даль	ﻙ	Кяф
ﺫ	Заль	ﻝ	Лям
ﺭ	Ра	ﻡ	Мим
ﺯ	Зайн	ﻥ	Нун
ﺱ	Син	ﻩ	Ẍа
ﺵ	Шин	ﻭ	Вав
ﺹ	Сад	ﻱ	Йа
Дополнительные знаки
ﻯ	Алиф максура	ﺓ	Та марбута
ﭬ	Ве	ﺀ	Хамза
لا	Лям-алиф
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Син (араб. سين‎‎) — двенадцатая буква арабского алфавита. Используется для обозначения звука «с». Син — солнечная буква.

Соединение

Стоящая в конце слова Син пишется, как ـس; в середине как ـسـ и в начале слова — سـ.

Формы буквы Син (араб. س‎‎)
ـس	ـسـ	سـ	س
в конце	в середине	в начале	обособлено

Абджадия

Букве соответствует число 60.

Произношение

Звук «с» выходит с самого кончика языка. Произносится он мягче, чем русская «с». Именно напряженность и поднятие корня языка к верхнему нёбу отличает твердый звук «С» от мягкого «С». Хотя оба они образуются в одном месте… Ученые науки Орфоэпия сравнивают этот звук со свистом саранчи.

Синоглифы

В этой статье не хватает ссылок на источники информации. Информация должна быть проверяема, иначе она может быть поставлена под сомнение и удалена. Вы можете отредактировать эту статью, добавив ссылки на авторитетные источники. Эта отметка установлена 3 ноября 2012.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

← Resh Shin Taw →
Phoenician
Hebrew	ש‎
Aramaic
Syriac	ܫ
Arabic	ش
Phonemic representation	ʃ (s)
Position in alphabet	21
Numerical value	300
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician
Greek	Σ (Ϲ), Ϛ, Ψ?
Latin	S (ſ), ẞ, Ʃ, Ↄ?
Cyrillic	С, Ш, Щ, Ѱ?

Shin (also spelled Šin (šīn) or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Shin 𐤔‎, Hebrew Shin ש‎, Aramaic Shin 𐡔‎, Syriac Shin ܫ, and Arabic Šin ش (in abjadi order, 13th in modern order).
Its sound value is a voiceless sibilant, [ʃ] or [s].

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Sigma (Σ) (which in turn gave Latin S and Cyrillic С), and the letter Sha in the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts (, Ш).

The South Arabian and Ethiopian letter Śawt is also cognate.

Origins[edit]

Egyptian hieroglyph	Proto-Sinaitic	Phoenician	Paleo-Hebrew

The Proto-Sinaitic glyph, according to William Albright, was based on a «tooth» and with the phonemic value š «corresponds etymologically (in part, at least) to original Semitic ṯ (th), which was pronounced s in South Canaanite».^[1]

The Phoenician šin letter expressed the continuants of two Proto-Semitic phonemes, and may have been based on a pictogram of a tooth (in modern Hebrew shen). The Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1972, records that it originally represented a composite bow.

The history of the letters expressing sibilants in the various Semitic alphabets is somewhat complicated, due to different mergers between Proto-Semitic phonemes. As usually reconstructed, there are seven Proto-Semitic coronal voiceless fricative phonemes that evolved into the various voiceless sibilants of its daughter languages, as follows:

Plain consonants
Proto-Semitic	Akkadian	Phoenician	Hebrew	Aramaic	Arabic	Ge’ez
s [s] / [ts]	s		s	ס‎	s	ס‎	s	س	s	ሰ	s
š [ʃ] / [s]	š		š	שׁ‎	š	ש‎	š
ṯ [θ]	ש‎, later ת‎	*ṯ, š later t	ث	ṯ
ś [ɬ] / [tɬ]	שׂ	*ś, s	ש‎, later ס‎	*ś, s	ش	š	ሠ	ś
Emphatic consonants
Proto-Semitic	Akkadian	Phoenician	Hebrew	Aramaic	Arabic	Ge’ez
ṣ [sʼ] / [tsʼ]	ṣ		ṣ	צ‎	ṣ	צ‎	ṣ	ص	ṣ	ጸ	ṣ
ṱ [θʼ]	צ‎, later ט‎	*ṱ, ṣ later ṭ	ظ	ẓ
ṣ́ [ɬʼ] / [tɬʼ]	ק‎, later ע‎	*ṣ́, q/ḳ later ʿ	ض	ḍ	ፀ	ṣ́

Aramaic Shin/Sin[edit]

In Aramaic, where the use of shin is well-determined, the orthography of sin was never fully resolved.

To express an etymological /ś/, a number of dialects chose either sin or samek exclusively, where other dialects switch freely between them (often ‘leaning’ more often towards one or the other). For example:^[2]

ʿaśar «ten»	Old Aramaic	Imperial Aramaic	Middle Aramaic	Palestinian Aramaic	Babylonian Aramaic
עשר‎	Syrian Inscriptions	Idumaean Ostraca, Egyptian, Egyptian-Persian, Ezra	Qumran	Galilean	Gaonic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
עסר‎	Tell Halaf	(none recorded)	Palmyrene, Syriac	Zoar, Christian Palestinian Aramaic	Mandaic
both	(none recorded)	(none recorded)	(none recorded)	Targum Jehonathan, Original Manuscript Archival Texts, Palestinian Targum (Genizah), Samaritan	Late Jewish Literary Aramaic

Regardless of how it is written, /ś/ in spoken Aramaic seems to have universally resolved to /s/.

Hebrew Shin / Sin[edit]

Orthographic variants
Various print fonts	Cursive Hebrew	Rashi script
Serif	Sans-serif	Monospaced
ש	ש	ש

Hebrew spelling: שִׁין

The Hebrew /s/ version according to the reconstruction shown above is descended from Proto-Semitic *ś, a phoneme thought to correspond to a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative /ɬ/, similar to Welsh Ll in «Llandudno».

See also Hebrew phonology, Śawt.

Sin and Shin dot[edit]

The Hebrew letter represents two different phonemes: a sibilant /s/, like English sour, and a /ʃ/, like English shoe. Prior to the advent and ascendancy of Tiberian orthography, the two were distinguished by a superscript samekh, i.e. ש vs. ש^ס, which later developed into the dot. The two are distinguished by a dot above the left-hand side of the letter for /s/ and above the right-hand side for /ʃ/. In the biblical name Issachar (Hebrew: יִשָּׂשכָר) only, the second sin/shin letter is always written without any dot, even in fully vocalized texts. This is because the second sin/shin is always silent.

Name	Symbol	IPA	Transliteration	Example
Sin dot (left)	שׂ‎	/s/	s	sour
Shin dot (right)	שׁ‎	/ʃ/	sh	shop

Unicode encoding[edit]

Glyph	Unicode	Name
ׁ‎	U+05C1	SHIN DOT
ׂ‎	U+05C2	SIN DOT

Significance[edit]

In gematria, Shin represents the number 300. The breakdown of its namesake, Shin[300] — Yodh[10] — Nunh[50] gives the geometrical meaningful number 360, which encompasses the fullness of the degrees of circles.

Shin as a prefix commonly used in the Hebrew language carries similar meaning as specificity faring relative pronouns in English– «that (..)», «which (..)» and «who (..)». When used in this way, it is pronounced like ‘sh’ and ‘eh’.
In colloquial Hebrew, Kaph and Shin together have the meaning of «when». This is a contraction of כּאשר, ka’asher (as, when).

Shin is also one of the seven letters which receive special crowns (called tagin) when written in a Sefer Torah. See Gimmel, Ayin, Teth, Nun, Zayin, and Tzadi.

According to Judges 12:6, the tribe of Ephraim could not differentiate between Shin and Samekh; when the Gileadites were at war with the Ephraimites, they would ask suspected Ephraimites to say the word shibolet; an Ephraimite would say sibolet and thus be exposed. From this episode we get the English word shibboleth.

In Judaism[edit]

Shin also stands for the word Shaddai, a name for God. Because of this, a kohen (priest) forms the letter Shin with his hands as he recites the Priestly Blessing. In the mid-1960s, actor Leonard Nimoy used a single-handed version of this gesture to create the Vulcan hand salute for his character, Mr. Spock, on Star Trek.^[3][4]

The letter Shin is often inscribed on the case containing a mezuzah, a scroll of parchment with Biblical text written on it. The text contained in the mezuzah is the Shema Yisrael prayer, which calls the Israelites to love their God with all their heart, soul, and strength. The mezuzah is situated upon all the doorframes in a home or establishment. Sometimes the whole word Shaddai will be written.

The Shema Yisrael prayer also commands the Israelites to write God’s commandments on their hearts (Deut. 6:6); the shape of the letter Shin mimics the structure of the human heart: the lower, larger left ventricle (which supplies the full body) and the smaller right ventricle (which supplies the lungs) are positioned like the lines of the letter Shin.

A religious significance has been applied to the fact that there are three valleys that comprise the city of Jerusalem’s geography: the Valley of Ben Hinnom, Tyropoeon Valley, and Kidron Valley, and that these valleys converge to also form the shape of the letter shin, and that the Temple in Jerusalem is located where the dagesh (horizontal line) is. This is seen as a fulfillment of passages such as Deuteronomy 16:2 that instructs Jews to celebrate the Pasach at «the place the LORD will choose as a dwelling for his Name» (NIV).

In the Sefer Yetzirah the letter Shin is King over Fire, Formed Heaven in the Universe, Hot in the Year, and the Head in the Soul.

The 13th-century Kabbalistic text Sefer HaTemunah, holds that a single letter of unknown pronunciation, held by some to be the four-pronged shin on one side of the teffilin box, is missing from the current alphabet. The world’s flaws, the book teaches, are related to the absence of this letter, the eventual revelation of which will repair the universe.

In Russian[edit]

The corresponding letter for the /ʃ/ sound in Russian is nearly identical in shape to the Hebrew shin. Given that the Cyrillic script includes borrowed letters from a variety of different alphabets such as Greek and Latin, it is often suggested that the letter sha is directly borrowed from the Hebrew letter shin (other hypothesized sources include Coptic and Samaritan).

Sayings with Shin[edit]

The Shin-Bet was an old acronym for the Israeli Department of Internal General Security, and name of the service is still usually translated as such in English. In Israeli Hebrew and Palestinian Arabic, the security service is known as the “Shabak ”.

A Shin-Shin Clash is Israeli military parlance for a battle between two tank divisions («armour» in Hebrew is שִׁרְיוֹן — shiryon).

Sh’at haShin (the Shin hour) is the last possible moment for any action, usually military. Corresponds to the English expression the eleventh hour.

Arabic šīn/sīn[edit]

In the Arabic alphabet, šīn is at the original (21st) position in Abjadi order.

Šīn represents /ʃ/, and is the 13th letter of the modern alphabet order and is written thus:

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ش‎	ـش‎	ـشـ‎	شـ‎

A letter variant س sīn takes the place of Samekh at 15th position.

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	س‎	ـس‎	ـسـ‎	سـ‎

The Arabic letter šīn was an acronym for «something» (شيء šayʾ(un) [ʃajʔ(un)]) meaning the unknown in algebraic equations. In the transcription into Spanish, the Greek letter chi (χ) was used which was later transcribed into Latin x. According to some sources, this is the origin of x used for the unknown in the equations.^[5][6] However, according to other sources, there is no historical evidence for this.^[7][8] In Modern Arabic mathematical notation, س sīn, i.e. šīn without its dots, often corresponds to Latin x.

In Moroccan Arabic, the letter ڜ, šīn with an additional three dots below, is used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound in Spanish loan words.^{[citation needed]}

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ڜ‎	ـڜ‎	ـڜـ‎	ڜـ‎

In Unicode, this is U+069C ڜ ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE.

Character encodings[edit]

Character information

Preview	ש	س	ش	ܫ	שׁ	שׂ	שּׁ	שּׂ
Unicode name	HEBREW LETTER SHIN	ARABIC LETTER SEEN	ARABIC LETTER SHEEN	SYRIAC LETTER SHIN	HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SHIN DOT	HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SIN DOT	HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH AND SHIN DOT	HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH AND SIN DOT
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	1513	U+05E9	1587	U+0633	1588	U+0634	1835	U+072B	64298	U+FB2A	64299	U+FB2B	64300	U+FB2C	64301	U+FB2D
UTF-8	215 169	D7 A9	216 179	D8 B3	216 180	D8 B4	220 171	DC AB	239 172 170	EF AC AA	239 172 171	EF AC AB	239 172 172	EF AC AC	239 172 173	EF AC AD
Numeric character reference	ש	ש	س	س	ش	ش	ܫ	ܫ	שׁ	שׁ	שׂ	שׂ	שּׁ	שּׁ	שּׂ	שּׂ

Character information

Preview	ࠔ	⅏	𐎌	𐡔	𐤔	𐪆	𐩦	ሠ
Unicode name	SAMARITAN LETTER SHAN	SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE	UGARITIC LETTER SHEN	IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SHIN	PHOENICIAN LETTER SHIN	OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ES-2	OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SHIN	ETHIOPIC LETTER SZA
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	2068	U+0814	8527	U+214F	66444	U+1038C	67668	U+10854	67860	U+10914	68230	U+10A86	68198	U+10A66	4640	U+1220
UTF-8	224 160 148	E0 A0 94	226 133 143	E2 85 8F	240 144 142 140	F0 90 8E 8C	240 144 161 148	F0 90 A1 94	240 144 164 148	F0 90 A4 94	240 144 170 134	F0 90 AA 86	240 144 169 166	F0 90 A9 A6	225 136 160	E1 88 A0
UTF-16	2068	0814	8527	214F	55296 57228	D800 DF8C	55298 56404	D802 DC54	55298 56596	D802 DD14	55298 56966	D802 DE86	55298 56934	D802 DE66	4640	1220
Numeric character reference	ࠔ	ࠔ	⅏	⅏	𐎌	𐎌	𐡔	𐡔	𐤔	𐤔	𐪆	𐪆	𐩦	𐩦	ሠ	ሠ

References[edit]

External links[edit]

s

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

← Resh Shin Taw →
Phoenician
Hebrew	ש‎
Aramaic
Syriac	ܫ
Arabic	ش
Phonemic representation	ʃ (s)
Position in alphabet	21
Numerical value	300
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician
Greek	Σ (Ϲ), Ϛ, Ψ?
Latin	S (ſ), ẞ, Ʃ, Ↄ?
Cyrillic	С, Ш, Щ, Ѱ?

Shin (also spelled Šin (šīn) or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Shin 𐤔‎, Hebrew Shin ש‎, Aramaic Shin 𐡔‎, Syriac Shin ܫ, and Arabic Šin ش (in abjadi order, 13th in modern order).
Its sound value is a voiceless sibilant, [ʃ] or [s].

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Sigma (Σ) (which in turn gave Latin S and Cyrillic С), and the letter Sha in the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts (, Ш).

The South Arabian and Ethiopian letter Śawt is also cognate.

Origins[edit]

Egyptian hieroglyph	Proto-Sinaitic	Phoenician	Paleo-Hebrew

The Proto-Sinaitic glyph, according to William Albright, was based on a «tooth» and with the phonemic value š «corresponds etymologically (in part, at least) to original Semitic ṯ (th), which was pronounced s in South Canaanite».^[1]

The Phoenician šin letter expressed the continuants of two Proto-Semitic phonemes, and may have been based on a pictogram of a tooth (in modern Hebrew shen). The Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1972, records that it originally represented a composite bow.

The history of the letters expressing sibilants in the various Semitic alphabets is somewhat complicated, due to different mergers between Proto-Semitic phonemes. As usually reconstructed, there are seven Proto-Semitic coronal voiceless fricative phonemes that evolved into the various voiceless sibilants of its daughter languages, as follows:

Plain consonants
Proto-Semitic	Akkadian	Phoenician	Hebrew	Aramaic	Arabic	Ge’ez
s [s] / [ts]	s		s	ס‎	s	ס‎	s	س	s	ሰ	s
š [ʃ] / [s]	š		š	שׁ‎	š	ש‎	š
ṯ [θ]	ש‎, later ת‎	*ṯ, š later t	ث	ṯ
ś [ɬ] / [tɬ]	שׂ	*ś, s	ש‎, later ס‎	*ś, s	ش	š	ሠ	ś
Emphatic consonants
Proto-Semitic	Akkadian	Phoenician	Hebrew	Aramaic	Arabic	Ge’ez
ṣ [sʼ] / [tsʼ]	ṣ		ṣ	צ‎	ṣ	צ‎	ṣ	ص	ṣ	ጸ	ṣ
ṱ [θʼ]	צ‎, later ט‎	*ṱ, ṣ later ṭ	ظ	ẓ
ṣ́ [ɬʼ] / [tɬʼ]	ק‎, later ע‎	*ṣ́, q/ḳ later ʿ	ض	ḍ	ፀ	ṣ́

Aramaic Shin/Sin[edit]

In Aramaic, where the use of shin is well-determined, the orthography of sin was never fully resolved.

To express an etymological /ś/, a number of dialects chose either sin or samek exclusively, where other dialects switch freely between them (often ‘leaning’ more often towards one or the other). For example:^[2]

ʿaśar «ten»	Old Aramaic	Imperial Aramaic	Middle Aramaic	Palestinian Aramaic	Babylonian Aramaic
עשר‎	Syrian Inscriptions	Idumaean Ostraca, Egyptian, Egyptian-Persian, Ezra	Qumran	Galilean	Gaonic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
עסר‎	Tell Halaf	(none recorded)	Palmyrene, Syriac	Zoar, Christian Palestinian Aramaic	Mandaic
both	(none recorded)	(none recorded)	(none recorded)	Targum Jehonathan, Original Manuscript Archival Texts, Palestinian Targum (Genizah), Samaritan	Late Jewish Literary Aramaic

Regardless of how it is written, /ś/ in spoken Aramaic seems to have universally resolved to /s/.

Hebrew Shin / Sin[edit]

Orthographic variants
Various print fonts	Cursive Hebrew	Rashi script
Serif	Sans-serif	Monospaced
ש	ש	ש

Hebrew spelling: שִׁין

The Hebrew /s/ version according to the reconstruction shown above is descended from Proto-Semitic *ś, a phoneme thought to correspond to a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative /ɬ/, similar to Welsh Ll in «Llandudno».

See also Hebrew phonology, Śawt.

Sin and Shin dot[edit]

The Hebrew letter represents two different phonemes: a sibilant /s/, like English sour, and a /ʃ/, like English shoe. Prior to the advent and ascendancy of Tiberian orthography, the two were distinguished by a superscript samekh, i.e. ש vs. ש^ס, which later developed into the dot. The two are distinguished by a dot above the left-hand side of the letter for /s/ and above the right-hand side for /ʃ/. In the biblical name Issachar (Hebrew: יִשָּׂשכָר) only, the second sin/shin letter is always written without any dot, even in fully vocalized texts. This is because the second sin/shin is always silent.

Name	Symbol	IPA	Transliteration	Example
Sin dot (left)	שׂ‎	/s/	s	sour
Shin dot (right)	שׁ‎	/ʃ/	sh	shop

Unicode encoding[edit]

Glyph	Unicode	Name
ׁ‎	U+05C1	SHIN DOT
ׂ‎	U+05C2	SIN DOT

Significance[edit]

In gematria, Shin represents the number 300. The breakdown of its namesake, Shin[300] — Yodh[10] — Nunh[50] gives the geometrical meaningful number 360, which encompasses the fullness of the degrees of circles.

Shin as a prefix commonly used in the Hebrew language carries similar meaning as specificity faring relative pronouns in English– «that (..)», «which (..)» and «who (..)». When used in this way, it is pronounced like ‘sh’ and ‘eh’.
In colloquial Hebrew, Kaph and Shin together have the meaning of «when». This is a contraction of כּאשר, ka’asher (as, when).

Shin is also one of the seven letters which receive special crowns (called tagin) when written in a Sefer Torah. See Gimmel, Ayin, Teth, Nun, Zayin, and Tzadi.

According to Judges 12:6, the tribe of Ephraim could not differentiate between Shin and Samekh; when the Gileadites were at war with the Ephraimites, they would ask suspected Ephraimites to say the word shibolet; an Ephraimite would say sibolet and thus be exposed. From this episode we get the English word shibboleth.

In Judaism[edit]

Shin also stands for the word Shaddai, a name for God. Because of this, a kohen (priest) forms the letter Shin with his hands as he recites the Priestly Blessing. In the mid-1960s, actor Leonard Nimoy used a single-handed version of this gesture to create the Vulcan hand salute for his character, Mr. Spock, on Star Trek.^[3][4]

The letter Shin is often inscribed on the case containing a mezuzah, a scroll of parchment with Biblical text written on it. The text contained in the mezuzah is the Shema Yisrael prayer, which calls the Israelites to love their God with all their heart, soul, and strength. The mezuzah is situated upon all the doorframes in a home or establishment. Sometimes the whole word Shaddai will be written.

The Shema Yisrael prayer also commands the Israelites to write God’s commandments on their hearts (Deut. 6:6); the shape of the letter Shin mimics the structure of the human heart: the lower, larger left ventricle (which supplies the full body) and the smaller right ventricle (which supplies the lungs) are positioned like the lines of the letter Shin.

A religious significance has been applied to the fact that there are three valleys that comprise the city of Jerusalem’s geography: the Valley of Ben Hinnom, Tyropoeon Valley, and Kidron Valley, and that these valleys converge to also form the shape of the letter shin, and that the Temple in Jerusalem is located where the dagesh (horizontal line) is. This is seen as a fulfillment of passages such as Deuteronomy 16:2 that instructs Jews to celebrate the Pasach at «the place the LORD will choose as a dwelling for his Name» (NIV).

In the Sefer Yetzirah the letter Shin is King over Fire, Formed Heaven in the Universe, Hot in the Year, and the Head in the Soul.

The 13th-century Kabbalistic text Sefer HaTemunah, holds that a single letter of unknown pronunciation, held by some to be the four-pronged shin on one side of the teffilin box, is missing from the current alphabet. The world’s flaws, the book teaches, are related to the absence of this letter, the eventual revelation of which will repair the universe.

In Russian[edit]

The corresponding letter for the /ʃ/ sound in Russian is nearly identical in shape to the Hebrew shin. Given that the Cyrillic script includes borrowed letters from a variety of different alphabets such as Greek and Latin, it is often suggested that the letter sha is directly borrowed from the Hebrew letter shin (other hypothesized sources include Coptic and Samaritan).

Sayings with Shin[edit]

The Shin-Bet was an old acronym for the Israeli Department of Internal General Security, and name of the service is still usually translated as such in English. In Israeli Hebrew and Palestinian Arabic, the security service is known as the “Shabak ”.

A Shin-Shin Clash is Israeli military parlance for a battle between two tank divisions («armour» in Hebrew is שִׁרְיוֹן — shiryon).

Sh’at haShin (the Shin hour) is the last possible moment for any action, usually military. Corresponds to the English expression the eleventh hour.

Arabic šīn/sīn[edit]

In the Arabic alphabet, šīn is at the original (21st) position in Abjadi order.

Šīn represents /ʃ/, and is the 13th letter of the modern alphabet order and is written thus:

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ش‎	ـش‎	ـشـ‎	شـ‎

A letter variant س sīn takes the place of Samekh at 15th position.

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	س‎	ـس‎	ـسـ‎	سـ‎

The Arabic letter šīn was an acronym for «something» (شيء šayʾ(un) [ʃajʔ(un)]) meaning the unknown in algebraic equations. In the transcription into Spanish, the Greek letter chi (χ) was used which was later transcribed into Latin x. According to some sources, this is the origin of x used for the unknown in the equations.^[5][6] However, according to other sources, there is no historical evidence for this.^[7][8] In Modern Arabic mathematical notation, س sīn, i.e. šīn without its dots, often corresponds to Latin x.

In Moroccan Arabic, the letter ڜ, šīn with an additional three dots below, is used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound in Spanish loan words.^{[citation needed]}

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ڜ‎	ـڜ‎	ـڜـ‎	ڜـ‎

In Unicode, this is U+069C ڜ ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE.

Character encodings[edit]

Character information

Preview	ש	س	ش	ܫ	שׁ	שׂ	שּׁ	שּׂ
Unicode name	HEBREW LETTER SHIN	ARABIC LETTER SEEN	ARABIC LETTER SHEEN	SYRIAC LETTER SHIN	HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SHIN DOT	HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SIN DOT	HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH AND SHIN DOT	HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH AND SIN DOT
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	1513	U+05E9	1587	U+0633	1588	U+0634	1835	U+072B	64298	U+FB2A	64299	U+FB2B	64300	U+FB2C	64301	U+FB2D
UTF-8	215 169	D7 A9	216 179	D8 B3	216 180	D8 B4	220 171	DC AB	239 172 170	EF AC AA	239 172 171	EF AC AB	239 172 172	EF AC AC	239 172 173	EF AC AD
Numeric character reference	ש	ש	س	س	ش	ش	ܫ	ܫ	שׁ	שׁ	שׂ	שׂ	שּׁ	שּׁ	שּׂ	שּׂ

Character information

Preview	ࠔ	⅏	𐎌	𐡔	𐤔	𐪆	𐩦	ሠ
Unicode name	SAMARITAN LETTER SHAN	SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE	UGARITIC LETTER SHEN	IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SHIN	PHOENICIAN LETTER SHIN	OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ES-2	OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SHIN	ETHIOPIC LETTER SZA
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	2068	U+0814	8527	U+214F	66444	U+1038C	67668	U+10854	67860	U+10914	68230	U+10A86	68198	U+10A66	4640	U+1220
UTF-8	224 160 148	E0 A0 94	226 133 143	E2 85 8F	240 144 142 140	F0 90 8E 8C	240 144 161 148	F0 90 A1 94	240 144 164 148	F0 90 A4 94	240 144 170 134	F0 90 AA 86	240 144 169 166	F0 90 A9 A6	225 136 160	E1 88 A0
UTF-16	2068	0814	8527	214F	55296 57228	D800 DF8C	55298 56404	D802 DC54	55298 56596	D802 DD14	55298 56966	D802 DE86	55298 56934	D802 DE66	4640	1220
Numeric character reference	ࠔ	ࠔ	⅏	⅏	𐎌	𐎌	𐡔	𐡔	𐤔	𐤔	𐪆	𐪆	𐩦	𐩦	ሠ	ሠ

References[edit]

External links[edit]

s

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У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Син.

Син (араб. سين‎ [‘siːn]) — двенадцатая буква арабского алфавита. Используется для обозначения звука «с». Син — солнечная буква.

Соединение

Стоящая в конце слова Син пишется, как ـس; в середине как ـسـ и в начале слова — سـ.

Формы буквы Син (араб. ﺱ‎)
ﺲ	ﺴ	ﺳ	ﺱ
в конце	в середине	в начале	обособленно

Абджадия

Букве соответствует число 60.

Произношение

Звук «с» выходит с самого кончика языка. Произносится он мягче, чем русская «с». Именно напряженность и поднятие корня языка к верхнему нёбу отличает твердый звук «С» от мягкого «С». Хотя оба они образуются в одном месте.

Ученые науки орфоэпия сравнивают этот звук со свистом саранчи.

Ссылки

• س на сайте Scriptsource.org (англ.)

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