Как пишется форт нокс

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fort Knox
Kentucky
Location of Fort Knox in Kentucky
Coordinates	37°55′N 85°58′W / 37.92°N 85.96°WCoordinates: 37°55′N 85°58′W / 37.92°N 85.96°W
Type	Military base
Site information
Controlled by	1861–1865: Contested 1865–present: United States
Site history
Built	1918
In use	1861–1865: Civil War 1865–1903: Settlement 1903–1918: Training Grounds 1918–1925: Camp Knox 1925–1928: National Forest 1928–1931: Camp Knox 1932–present: Fort Knox
Garrison information
Current commander	COL Lance O’Bryan[1]

Fort Knox is a United States Army installation in Kentucky, south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. It is adjacent to the United States Bullion Depository, which is used to house a large portion of the United States’ official gold reserves, and with which it is often conflated. The 109,000-acre (170 sq mi; 440 km²)^[2] base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin and Meade counties. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence, including the Army Human Resources Command. It is named in honor of Henry Knox, Chief of Artillery in the American Revolutionary War and the first United States Secretary of War.

For 60 years, Fort Knox was the home of the U.S. Army Armor Center and the U.S. Army Armor School, and was used by both the Army and the Marine Corps to train crews on the American tanks of the day; the last was the M1 Abrams main battle tank. The history of the U.S. Army’s Cavalry and Armored forces, and of General George S. Patton’s career, is shown at the General George Patton Museum^[3] on the grounds of Fort Knox.

In 2011, the U.S. Army Armor School moved to Fort Benning, Georgia, where the Infantry School is also based.^[4] In 2014, the U.S. Army Cadet Command relocated to Fort Knox and all summer training for ROTC cadets now takes place there.^[5]

On 16 October 2020, V Corps was reactivated at Fort Knox, just over seven years after the colors were last cased in Wiesbaden, Germany in July 2013.^[6]

Bullion depository[edit]

The United States Bullion Depository, often known as Fort Knox, is a fortified vault building adjacent to the Fort Knox Army Post. It is operated by the United States Department of the Treasury and stores over half the country’s gold reserves. It is protected by the United States Mint Police and is well known for its physical security.

The depository was built by the Treasury in 1936 on land transferred to it from Fort Knox.^[7] Early shipments of gold totaling almost 13,000 metric tons^[8] were escorted by combat cars of the 1st U.S. Cavalry Regiment to the depository.^[9] It has in the past safeguarded other precious items, such as the original copies of both the Constitution of the United States and the United States Declaration of Independence.^[10]

Census-designated place[edit]

Parts of the base in Hardin and Meade counties form a census-designated place (CDP), which had a population of 12,377 at the 2000 census, 10,124 at the 2010 census, and 7,742 at the 2020 census.

Patton Museum[edit]

The General George Patton Museum of Leadership at Fort Knox includes an exhibit highlighting leadership issues that arose from the attacks of September 11, 2001, which includes two firetrucks. One of them, designated Foam 161, was partially charred and melted in the attack upon the Pentagon. Fort Knox is also the location of the United States Army’s Human Resources Command’s Timothy Maude Center of Excellence, which was named in honor of Lieutenant General Timothy Maude, the highest-ranking member of the U.S. military to die in the attacks of 11 September 2001.^[11]

In 2011, the U.S. Army Armor School was relocated to «The Maneuver Center of Excellence» at FT Benning, GA.

History[edit]

Fortification[edit]

Fortifications were constructed near the site in 1861, during the Civil War when Fort Duffield was constructed. Fort Duffield was located on what was known as Muldraugh Hill on a strategic point overlooking the confluence of the Salt and Ohio Rivers and the Louisville and Nashville Turnpike. The area was contested by both Union and Confederate forces. Bands of organized guerrillas frequently raided the area during the war. John Hunt Morgan^[12] and the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry Regiment of the Confederate Army raided the area before staging his infamous raid across Indiana and Ohio.^[13]

Post Civil War[edit]

After the war, the area now occupied by the Army was home to various small communities. In October 1903, military maneuvers for the Regular Army and the National Guards of several states were held at West Point, Kentucky and the surrounding area.^[14] In April 1918, field artillery units from Camp Zachary Taylor arrived at West Point for training. 20,000 acres (8,100 ha) near the village of Stithton were leased to the government and construction for a permanent training center was started in July 1918.

New camp[edit]

The new camp was named after Henry Knox, the Continental Army’s chief of artillery during the Revolutionary War and the country’s first Secretary of War. The camp was extended by the purchase of a further 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) in June 1918 and construction properly began in July 1918. The building program was reduced following the end of the war and reduced further following cuts to the army in 1921 after the National Defense Act of 1920. The camp was greatly reduced and became a semi-permanent training center for the 5th Corps Area for Reserve Officer training, the National Guard, and Citizen’s Military Training Camps (CMTC). For a short while, from 1925 to 1928, the area was designated as «Camp Henry Knox National Forest.»^[15]

Air Corps use[edit]

The post contains an airfield, called Godman Army Airfield, that was used by the United States Army Air Corps, and its successor, the United States Army Air Forces as a training base during World War II. It was used by the Kentucky Air National Guard for several years after the war until they relocated to Standiford Field in Louisville. The airfield is still in use by the United States Army Aviation Branch.

Protection of America’s founding documents[edit]

For protection after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States and the Gettysburg Address were all moved for safekeeping to the United States Bullion Depository until Major W. C. Hatfield ordered their release after the D-Day Landings on 19 September 1944.^[16]

Mechanized military unit occupation[edit]

In 1931 a small force of the mechanized cavalry was assigned to Camp Knox to use it as a training site. The camp was turned into a permanent garrison in January 1932 and renamed Fort Knox. The 1st Cavalry Regiment arrived later in the month to become the 1st Cavalry Regiment (Mechanized).

In 1936 the 1st was joined by the 13th to become the 7th Cavalry Brigade (Mechanized). The site quickly became the center for mechanization tactics and doctrine. The success of the German mechanized units at the start of World War II was a major impetus to operations at the fort. A new Armored Force was established in July 1940 with its headquarters at Fort Knox with the 7th Cavalry Brigade becoming the 1st Armored Division. The Armored Force School and the Armored Force Replacement Center were also sited at Fort Knox in October 1940, and their successors remained there until 2010, when the Armor School moved to Fort Benning, Georgia. The site was expanded to cope with its new role. By 1943, there were 3,820 buildings on 106,861 acres (43,245 ha). A third of the post has been torn down within the last ten years,^[when?] with another third slated by 2010.

1947 Universal Military Training Experimental Unit[edit]

In 1947, Fort Knox hosted the Universal Military Training Experimental Unit, a six-month project that aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of providing new 18-20 year-old Army recruits with basic military training that emphasized physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. This project was undertaken with the aim of persuading the public to support President Harry S. Truman’s proposal to require all eligible American men to undergo universal military training.^[17][18]

Stripes (1981) was filmed using the exterior of Fort Knox but did not show the inside of the facility for security reasons.^[19]

1993 shooting[edit]

On 18 October 1993, Arthur Hill went on a shooting rampage, killing three and wounding two before attempting suicide, shooting and severely wounding himself. The shooting occurred at Fort Knox’s Training Support Center. Prior to the incident, Hill’s coworkers claimed they were afraid of a mentally unstable person who was at work. Hill died on 21 October of his self-inflicted gunshot wound.^{[20][21][22][23]}

2013 shooting[edit]

On 3 April 2013, a civilian employee was shot and killed in a parking lot on post. The victim was an employee of the United States Army Human Resources Command and was transported to the Ireland Army Community Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. This shooting caused a temporary lock-down that was lifted around 7 p.m. on the same day.^[24][25] U.S. Army Sgt. Marquinta E. Jacobs, a soldier stationed at Fort Knox, was charged on 4 April with the shooting.^[26] He pleaded guilty to charges of premeditated murder and aggravated assault, and was sentenced to 30 years in prison on 10 January 2014.^[27]

Human Resources Command[edit]

The Army Human Resources Command Center re-located to Fort Knox from the Washington D.C./Virginia area beginning in 2009. New facilities are under construction throughout Fort Knox, such as the new Army Human Resource Center, the largest construction project in the history of Fort Knox. It is a $185 million, three-story, 880,000-square-foot (82,000 m²) complex of six interconnected buildings, sitting on 104 acres (42 ha).

In May 2010, The Human Resource Center of Excellence, the largest office building in the state, opened at Fort Knox. The new center employs nearly 4,300 soldiers and civilians.^[28]

Education[edit]

The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) operates on-post public schools for all sections of the property.^[29][30][31] They are:^[32]

• Kingsolver Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten-Grade 1)
• Van Voorhis Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten-Grade 5)
• Scott Intermediate School (Grades 6-8)
• Fort Knox Middle High School (Grades 9-12)

The secondary school, formerly Fort Knox High School, was built in 1958 and has undergone only a handful of renovations since then, including a new building which was completed in 2007.^{[citation needed]}

Units and Tenant Agencies[edit]

Current^[33][edit]

Previous^[52][edit]

Geography[edit]

Fort Knox is located at 37°54’09.96″ North, 85°57’09.11″ West, along the Ohio River. The depository itself is located at 37°52’59.59″ North, 85°57’55.31″ West.

According to the Census Bureau, the base CDP has a total area of 20.94 square miles (54.23 km²), of which 20.92 sq mi (54.18 km²) is land and 0.03 sq mi (0.08 km²)—0.14%—is water.^[53]
Communities near Fort Knox include Brandenburg, Elizabethtown, Hodgenville, Louisville, Radcliff, Shepherdsville, and Vine Grove, Kentucky.^[54] The Meade County city of Muldraugh is completely surrounded by Fort Knox.

Climate[edit]

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Fort Knox has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated «Cfa» on climate maps.^[55]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
2020	7,742		—
U.S. Decennial Census[56]

As of the census^[57] of 2000, there were 12,377 people, 2,748 households, and 2,596 families residing on base. The population density was 591.7 inhabitants per square mile (228.5/km²). There were 3,015 housing units at an average density of 144.1/sq mi (55.6/km²). The racial makeup of the base was 66.3% White, 23.1% African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 4.3% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.4% of the population.

There were 2,748 households, out of which 77.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 86.0% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 5.5% were non-families. 4.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.49 and the average family size was 3.60.

The age distribution was 34.9% under the age of 18, 25.5% from 18 to 24, 37.2% from 25 to 44, 2.3% from 45 to 64, and 0.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 155.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 190.3 males. These statistics are generally typical for military bases.

The median income for a household on the base was US$34,020, and the median income for a family was $33,588. Males had a median income of $26,011 versus $21,048 for females. The per capita income for the base was $12,410. About 5.8% of the population and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under the age of 18 and 100.0% of those 65 and older.

In popular culture[edit]

• The climax of the 1964 James Bond film Goldfinger takes place at Fort Knox.
• The American television show Ghost Hunters filmed at Fort Knox in 2011.
• In the 2012 SpongeBob SquarePants episode “It’s a SpongeBob Christmas!”, Patrick Star mentions this landmark.
• A 1980’s episode of G.I. Joe takes place at Fort Knox.
• An episode of Pinky & the Brain saw Pinky & the Brain break into Fort Knox to take the gold bullion, but were unable to move a single brick due to their size.
• In the Walt Disney motion picture, Escape to Witch Mountain, the character portrayed by Bette Davis tried to steal the gold from Ft. Knox using the special powers of the two extraterrestrial children, whom she had kidnapped.
• ‘Knox’, Samsung’s security software is named in reference to the bullion vault at Fort Knox.
• Fort Knox is mentioned in the lyrics of the song ‘B.Y.O.B.’ by System of a Down.

See also[edit]

• Elizabethtown metropolitan area
• Louisville metropolitan area
• Goldfinger (film)
• Stripes (film)
• Ireland Army Community Hospital
• List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
• List of World War II military service football teams

References[edit]

External links[edit]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fort Knox
Kentucky
Location of Fort Knox in Kentucky
Coordinates	37°55′N 85°58′W / 37.92°N 85.96°WCoordinates: 37°55′N 85°58′W / 37.92°N 85.96°W
Type	Military base
Site information
Controlled by	1861–1865: Contested 1865–present: United States
Site history
Built	1918
In use	1861–1865: Civil War 1865–1903: Settlement 1903–1918: Training Grounds 1918–1925: Camp Knox 1925–1928: National Forest 1928–1931: Camp Knox 1932–present: Fort Knox
Garrison information
Current commander	COL Lance O’Bryan[1]

Fort Knox is a United States Army installation in Kentucky, south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. It is adjacent to the United States Bullion Depository, which is used to house a large portion of the United States’ official gold reserves, and with which it is often conflated. The 109,000-acre (170 sq mi; 440 km²)^[2] base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin and Meade counties. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence, including the Army Human Resources Command. It is named in honor of Henry Knox, Chief of Artillery in the American Revolutionary War and the first United States Secretary of War.

For 60 years, Fort Knox was the home of the U.S. Army Armor Center and the U.S. Army Armor School, and was used by both the Army and the Marine Corps to train crews on the American tanks of the day; the last was the M1 Abrams main battle tank. The history of the U.S. Army’s Cavalry and Armored forces, and of General George S. Patton’s career, is shown at the General George Patton Museum^[3] on the grounds of Fort Knox.

In 2011, the U.S. Army Armor School moved to Fort Benning, Georgia, where the Infantry School is also based.^[4] In 2014, the U.S. Army Cadet Command relocated to Fort Knox and all summer training for ROTC cadets now takes place there.^[5]

On 16 October 2020, V Corps was reactivated at Fort Knox, just over seven years after the colors were last cased in Wiesbaden, Germany in July 2013.^[6]

Bullion depository[edit]

The United States Bullion Depository, often known as Fort Knox, is a fortified vault building adjacent to the Fort Knox Army Post. It is operated by the United States Department of the Treasury and stores over half the country’s gold reserves. It is protected by the United States Mint Police and is well known for its physical security.

The depository was built by the Treasury in 1936 on land transferred to it from Fort Knox.^[7] Early shipments of gold totaling almost 13,000 metric tons^[8] were escorted by combat cars of the 1st U.S. Cavalry Regiment to the depository.^[9] It has in the past safeguarded other precious items, such as the original copies of both the Constitution of the United States and the United States Declaration of Independence.^[10]

Census-designated place[edit]

Parts of the base in Hardin and Meade counties form a census-designated place (CDP), which had a population of 12,377 at the 2000 census, 10,124 at the 2010 census, and 7,742 at the 2020 census.

Patton Museum[edit]

The General George Patton Museum of Leadership at Fort Knox includes an exhibit highlighting leadership issues that arose from the attacks of September 11, 2001, which includes two firetrucks. One of them, designated Foam 161, was partially charred and melted in the attack upon the Pentagon. Fort Knox is also the location of the United States Army’s Human Resources Command’s Timothy Maude Center of Excellence, which was named in honor of Lieutenant General Timothy Maude, the highest-ranking member of the U.S. military to die in the attacks of 11 September 2001.^[11]

In 2011, the U.S. Army Armor School was relocated to «The Maneuver Center of Excellence» at FT Benning, GA.

History[edit]

Fortification[edit]

Fortifications were constructed near the site in 1861, during the Civil War when Fort Duffield was constructed. Fort Duffield was located on what was known as Muldraugh Hill on a strategic point overlooking the confluence of the Salt and Ohio Rivers and the Louisville and Nashville Turnpike. The area was contested by both Union and Confederate forces. Bands of organized guerrillas frequently raided the area during the war. John Hunt Morgan^[12] and the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry Regiment of the Confederate Army raided the area before staging his infamous raid across Indiana and Ohio.^[13]

Post Civil War[edit]

After the war, the area now occupied by the Army was home to various small communities. In October 1903, military maneuvers for the Regular Army and the National Guards of several states were held at West Point, Kentucky and the surrounding area.^[14] In April 1918, field artillery units from Camp Zachary Taylor arrived at West Point for training. 20,000 acres (8,100 ha) near the village of Stithton were leased to the government and construction for a permanent training center was started in July 1918.

New camp[edit]

The new camp was named after Henry Knox, the Continental Army’s chief of artillery during the Revolutionary War and the country’s first Secretary of War. The camp was extended by the purchase of a further 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) in June 1918 and construction properly began in July 1918. The building program was reduced following the end of the war and reduced further following cuts to the army in 1921 after the National Defense Act of 1920. The camp was greatly reduced and became a semi-permanent training center for the 5th Corps Area for Reserve Officer training, the National Guard, and Citizen’s Military Training Camps (CMTC). For a short while, from 1925 to 1928, the area was designated as «Camp Henry Knox National Forest.»^[15]

Air Corps use[edit]

The post contains an airfield, called Godman Army Airfield, that was used by the United States Army Air Corps, and its successor, the United States Army Air Forces as a training base during World War II. It was used by the Kentucky Air National Guard for several years after the war until they relocated to Standiford Field in Louisville. The airfield is still in use by the United States Army Aviation Branch.

Protection of America’s founding documents[edit]

For protection after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States and the Gettysburg Address were all moved for safekeeping to the United States Bullion Depository until Major W. C. Hatfield ordered their release after the D-Day Landings on 19 September 1944.^[16]

Mechanized military unit occupation[edit]

In 1931 a small force of the mechanized cavalry was assigned to Camp Knox to use it as a training site. The camp was turned into a permanent garrison in January 1932 and renamed Fort Knox. The 1st Cavalry Regiment arrived later in the month to become the 1st Cavalry Regiment (Mechanized).

In 1936 the 1st was joined by the 13th to become the 7th Cavalry Brigade (Mechanized). The site quickly became the center for mechanization tactics and doctrine. The success of the German mechanized units at the start of World War II was a major impetus to operations at the fort. A new Armored Force was established in July 1940 with its headquarters at Fort Knox with the 7th Cavalry Brigade becoming the 1st Armored Division. The Armored Force School and the Armored Force Replacement Center were also sited at Fort Knox in October 1940, and their successors remained there until 2010, when the Armor School moved to Fort Benning, Georgia. The site was expanded to cope with its new role. By 1943, there were 3,820 buildings on 106,861 acres (43,245 ha). A third of the post has been torn down within the last ten years,^[when?] with another third slated by 2010.

1947 Universal Military Training Experimental Unit[edit]

In 1947, Fort Knox hosted the Universal Military Training Experimental Unit, a six-month project that aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of providing new 18-20 year-old Army recruits with basic military training that emphasized physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. This project was undertaken with the aim of persuading the public to support President Harry S. Truman’s proposal to require all eligible American men to undergo universal military training.^[17][18]

Stripes (1981) was filmed using the exterior of Fort Knox but did not show the inside of the facility for security reasons.^[19]

1993 shooting[edit]

On 18 October 1993, Arthur Hill went on a shooting rampage, killing three and wounding two before attempting suicide, shooting and severely wounding himself. The shooting occurred at Fort Knox’s Training Support Center. Prior to the incident, Hill’s coworkers claimed they were afraid of a mentally unstable person who was at work. Hill died on 21 October of his self-inflicted gunshot wound.^{[20][21][22][23]}

2013 shooting[edit]

On 3 April 2013, a civilian employee was shot and killed in a parking lot on post. The victim was an employee of the United States Army Human Resources Command and was transported to the Ireland Army Community Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. This shooting caused a temporary lock-down that was lifted around 7 p.m. on the same day.^[24][25] U.S. Army Sgt. Marquinta E. Jacobs, a soldier stationed at Fort Knox, was charged on 4 April with the shooting.^[26] He pleaded guilty to charges of premeditated murder and aggravated assault, and was sentenced to 30 years in prison on 10 January 2014.^[27]

Human Resources Command[edit]

The Army Human Resources Command Center re-located to Fort Knox from the Washington D.C./Virginia area beginning in 2009. New facilities are under construction throughout Fort Knox, such as the new Army Human Resource Center, the largest construction project in the history of Fort Knox. It is a $185 million, three-story, 880,000-square-foot (82,000 m²) complex of six interconnected buildings, sitting on 104 acres (42 ha).

In May 2010, The Human Resource Center of Excellence, the largest office building in the state, opened at Fort Knox. The new center employs nearly 4,300 soldiers and civilians.^[28]

Education[edit]

The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) operates on-post public schools for all sections of the property.^[29][30][31] They are:^[32]

• Kingsolver Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten-Grade 1)
• Van Voorhis Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten-Grade 5)
• Scott Intermediate School (Grades 6-8)
• Fort Knox Middle High School (Grades 9-12)

The secondary school, formerly Fort Knox High School, was built in 1958 and has undergone only a handful of renovations since then, including a new building which was completed in 2007.^{[citation needed]}

Units and Tenant Agencies[edit]

Current^[33][edit]

Previous^[52][edit]

Geography[edit]

Fort Knox is located at 37°54’09.96″ North, 85°57’09.11″ West, along the Ohio River. The depository itself is located at 37°52’59.59″ North, 85°57’55.31″ West.

According to the Census Bureau, the base CDP has a total area of 20.94 square miles (54.23 km²), of which 20.92 sq mi (54.18 km²) is land and 0.03 sq mi (0.08 km²)—0.14%—is water.^[53]
Communities near Fort Knox include Brandenburg, Elizabethtown, Hodgenville, Louisville, Radcliff, Shepherdsville, and Vine Grove, Kentucky.^[54] The Meade County city of Muldraugh is completely surrounded by Fort Knox.

Climate[edit]

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Fort Knox has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated «Cfa» on climate maps.^[55]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
2020	7,742		—
U.S. Decennial Census[56]

As of the census^[57] of 2000, there were 12,377 people, 2,748 households, and 2,596 families residing on base. The population density was 591.7 inhabitants per square mile (228.5/km²). There were 3,015 housing units at an average density of 144.1/sq mi (55.6/km²). The racial makeup of the base was 66.3% White, 23.1% African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 4.3% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.4% of the population.

There were 2,748 households, out of which 77.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 86.0% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 5.5% were non-families. 4.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.49 and the average family size was 3.60.

The age distribution was 34.9% under the age of 18, 25.5% from 18 to 24, 37.2% from 25 to 44, 2.3% from 45 to 64, and 0.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 155.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 190.3 males. These statistics are generally typical for military bases.

The median income for a household on the base was US$34,020, and the median income for a family was $33,588. Males had a median income of $26,011 versus $21,048 for females. The per capita income for the base was $12,410. About 5.8% of the population and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under the age of 18 and 100.0% of those 65 and older.

In popular culture[edit]

• The climax of the 1964 James Bond film Goldfinger takes place at Fort Knox.
• The American television show Ghost Hunters filmed at Fort Knox in 2011.
• In the 2012 SpongeBob SquarePants episode “It’s a SpongeBob Christmas!”, Patrick Star mentions this landmark.
• A 1980’s episode of G.I. Joe takes place at Fort Knox.
• An episode of Pinky & the Brain saw Pinky & the Brain break into Fort Knox to take the gold bullion, but were unable to move a single brick due to their size.
• In the Walt Disney motion picture, Escape to Witch Mountain, the character portrayed by Bette Davis tried to steal the gold from Ft. Knox using the special powers of the two extraterrestrial children, whom she had kidnapped.
• ‘Knox’, Samsung’s security software is named in reference to the bullion vault at Fort Knox.
• Fort Knox is mentioned in the lyrics of the song ‘B.Y.O.B.’ by System of a Down.

See also[edit]

• Elizabethtown metropolitan area
• Louisville metropolitan area
• Goldfinger (film)
• Stripes (film)
• Ireland Army Community Hospital
• List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
• List of World War II military service football teams

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Форт-Нокс (англ. Fort Knox) — военная база США, находится почти в центре военного городка Форт-Нокс в 30 милях к юго-западу от Луисвилла (штат Кентукки) и занимает площадь в 44 тыс. га (440 км²)^{[источник не указан 832 дня]}. В настоящее время принадлежит американской армии (место дислокации 100-й учебной дивизии), а до 2010 года использовалась главным образом в качестве школы танкистов. В период с 2005 по 2010 год Танковая школа Армии США была переведена из Форт-Нокса на базу Форт-Беннинг.

Хранилище золотого запаса США

Также на территории базы расположено существующее с 1936 года хранилище золотых запасов США, где хранится 147,34 млн тройских унций золота^[1] в слитках (4177 тонн). Оно занимает второе место в Соединенных Штатах, уступая лишь Федеральному резервному банку Нью-Йорка, хранящему около 5000 тонн^{[источник не указан 1492 дня]}, золота многих иностранных государств, центральных банков и официальных международных организаций.

Золотое хранилище считается одним из самых защищённых в мире: его стены состоят из гранита, покрытого слоем бетона, а вход защищает дверь массой в 22 тонны. Для того, чтобы открыть дверь, необходимо знать код, который разделён на части между несколькими людьми, полностью его никто не знает. На случай нападения предусмотрена автономная система жизнеобеспечения и электроснабжения, также включающая в себя запасы продовольствия и воды. Защищённость комплекса настолько велика, что на хранение в Форт-Нокс во времена Второй мировой войны были помещены такие исторически значимые вещи как королевские регалии Великобритании и Великая хартия вольностей^[2].

Примечания

Ссылки

• Fort Knox Bullion Depository

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Форт Нокс – хранилище слитков золота в Соединенных Штатах. Английское название Fort Knox происходит от находящейся рядом военной базы. Местоположение форта – штат Кентукки.

Несмотря на то, что Форт Нокс – одно из самых известных в мире мест, где сложены золотые слитки, оно занимает в США только второе место по количеству драгоценного металла. На первом – хранилище Федерального резервного банка Нью-Йорка.

Свою историю Форт Нокс ведет с 1933 года, когда президент США Франклин Рузвельт в рамках мер по преодолению Великой депрессии издал указ, запрещающий частное владение золотом в слитках, монетах или сертификатах. Населению предписывалось продавать драгоценный металл Федеральной резервной системе. В результате существенно вырос золотой запас страны и встал вопрос о его хранении. Строительство специализированного депозитария началось в 1936 году на территории, которая была передана Казначейству США военными, было завершено в декабре, и уже в январе 1937-го в хранилище стало поступать первое золото.

Наибольшее количество золота находилось в Форт Ноксе во время Второй мировой войны — 649,6 млн тройских унций. На осень 2011 года здесь хранится свыше 5 тыс. тонн золотых слитков, или более 147 млн унций, — около 2,5 % всего желтого металла, когда-либо добытого в мире. Причем это золото как самих Соединенных Штатов, так и переданное правительству США в доверительное управление.

Форт Нокс – хранилище не только золотых слитков, но и других ценностей. Например, во время Второй мировой войны сюда были доставлены оригиналы Декларации о независимости и Конституции США. Здесь же хранились резервы охваченной войной Европы. И даже после войны хранилище не утратило своего значения. В частности, сюда была доставлена корона Св. Стефана – символ венгерской монархии, которую передали американским солдатам для того, чтобы она не досталась советским войскам.

Интересен факт, что в течение определенного времени в Форт Ноксе хранились также наркотические вещества (в т. ч. опиум) как стратегический резерв средств обезболивания на случай войны. Но после изобретения химических препаратов, заменяющих натуральные вещества, этот запас был полностью уничтожен.

Хранилище представляет собой бункер, который расположен под помещением, напоминающим военный форт. Стены выполнены из гранита. Входная дверь весит 22 тонны. Считается, что ее невозможно открыть даже при помощи взрыва. По периметру строение огорожено металлической сеткой и охраняется полицией Монетного двора США. Помимо полицейских, Форт Нокс защищен вооруженной охраной, видеокамерами, а также находящимися поблизости военными частями, которые имеют в своем распоряжении около 30 тыс. солдат, вертолеты и бронетехнику. Система охраны Форт Нокса доподлинно неизвестна, т. к. составляет государственную тайну Соединенных Штатов.

Дополнительную известность Форт Ноксу придает частое использование этого хранилища как некоего символа в литературе и кинематографе. К примеру, можно вспомнить знаменитый фильм Goldfinger, снятый по одной из новелл Флеминга о Джеймсе Бонде.

форт нокс — перевод на английский

Показать ещё примеры для «fort knox»…

Форт в штате Мэн, США Историческое место США

Форт-Нокс
НАС Национальный регистр исторических мест
США Национальный исторический памятник
Форт-Нокс, штат Мэн. Картина Сета Истмана, выполненная между 1870 и 1875 годами
Показать карту штата Мэн Показать карту США
Местоположение	Проспект, Мэн
Координаты	44 ° 33’58,3 ″ с.ш., 68 ° 48’8,7 ″ з.д. / 44,566194 ° с.ш., 68,802417 ° Вт / 44,566194; -68,802417 Координаты : 44 ° 33’58,3 ″ N 68 ° 48’8,7 ″ W / 44,566194 ° N 68,802417 ° W / 44,566194; -68.802417
Площадь	124 акра (50 га)
Построен	1844
Архитектор	Полковник Джозеф Г. Тоттен, Инженерный корпус армии США
Ссылка на NRHP №	69000023
Важные даты
Добавлены в NRHP	1 октября 1969 г.
Указан НХЛ	30 декабря 1970 г.

Форт-Нокс, ныне Государственный парк Форт-Нокс или Государственное историческое место Форт-Нокса, расположен на западном берегу Река Пенобскот в городе Проспект, штат Мэн, примерно в 5 милях (8,0 км) от устья реки. Построенный между 1844 и 1869 годами, это был первый форт в штате Мэн, полностью построенный из гранита ; в большинстве предыдущих фортов использовалось дерево, земля и камень. Он назван в честь генерал-майора Генри Нокса, первого военного министра США и командующего артиллерией во время Войны за независимость США, который в конце своей жизни жил неподалеку в Томастон. Как практически нетронутый образец прибрежного гранитного укрепления середины XIX века, он был добавлен в Национальный реестр исторических мест в 1969 году и объявлен Национальным историческим памятником 30 декабря 1970 года.. Форт-Нокс также служит входной площадкой для смотровой башни Пенобскот-Нарроуз-Бридж, который открылся для публики в 2007 году.

Содержание

• 1 История
  • 1.1 Предыстория
  • 1.2 Строительство
  • 1.3 Гражданская война
  • 1.4 Испано-американская война
  • 1.5 После испано-американской войны
• 2 Настоящее время
• 3 Друзья Форт-Нокса
• 4 В СМИ
  • 4.1 Телевидение
• 5 Галерея изображений
• 6 См. Также
• 7 Ссылки
  • 7.1 Библиография
• 8 Внешние ссылки

История

История вопроса

Локальная память об унижении Мэн находился в руках британцев во время американской революции и снова во время войны 1812 года способствовал последующим антибританским настроениям в Восточном штате Мэн. 1779 г. стремился вытеснить британцев из Кастина, но закончился фиаско. Американцы потеряли 43 корабля и потеряли около 500 человек в результате самого ужасного морского поражения Соединенных Штатов перед нападением Японии на Перл-Харбор. Затем осенью 1814 года, во время войны 1812 года, британские военно-морские силы и солдаты поднялись на Пенобскот и победили превосходящие по численности американские силы в битве при Хэмпдене. Британцы последовали за своей победой, ограбив Хэмпден и Бангор. Поражение Америки способствовало послевоенному движению за государственность штата Мэн, которое произошло в 1820 году, поскольку Массачусетс не смог защитить регион.

Война Аростуков 1838-1839 гг. Возродила антибританские настроения и озабоченность по поводу уязвимости региона для другого нападения, подобного нападению 1814 г. Кроме того, долина Пенобскот и Бангор были основными источниками судостроительных пиломатериалов. Ответом было включение Пенобскота в третью систему прибрежных укреплений и строительство Форт-Нокса, большого, дорогого гранитного форта в устье реки Пенобскот.

Строительство

Строительство началось в 1844 году и продолжалось до тех пор, пока в 1869 году не было прекращено финансирование каменной кладки форта, при этом форт был в основном завершен, за исключением оголовков на «крыше» или уровне барбета. Финансирование со стороны Конгресса было прерывистым, и проект форта так и не был полностью завершен, несмотря на расходы в размере 1000000 долларов. Гранит был добыт в пяти милях (8 км) вверх по реке от горы Уолдо в Франкфурте. Общий проект форта был разработан Джозефом Г. Тоттеном, ведущим инженером-фортификатором Инженерного корпуса своего времени. Среди выдающихся инженеров, надзирающих за строительством, были Исаак Ингаллс, Стивенс и Томас Л. Кейси.

Помимо главного форта с 64 орудиями, в Форт-Ноксе было две батареи открытой воды, обращенные к реке, каждая из которых оснащена дробовая печь для нагрева пушечных ядер настолько, чтобы они могли воспламенить деревянные корабли, если бы шар застрял в судне. Эти печи устарели с принятием на вооружение броненосных военных кораблей.

Гражданской войны

Форт-Нокс никогда не участвовал в сражениях, хотя во время войны в нем находились люди. Во время Гражданской войны в США форт укомплектовали добровольцы из штата Мэн, в основном новобранцы, прошедшие обучение перед назначением на действительную службу. Томас Линкольн Кейси руководил работами в форте, включая адаптацию батарей для использования недавно изобретенной пушки Родмана, и наблюдал за их завершением.

Испано-американская война

Полк из Коннектикута укомплектовал Форт-Нокс во время испано-американской войны. Мемориальная доска на форте описывает установку контролируемого минного поля в реке во время этой войны, на которую Конгресс ассигновал 3200 долларов вскоре после ее начала.

После испано-американской войны

Гарнизон был сокращен до одного человека, «Хранителя форта» или смотрителя в звании сержанта артиллерийского орудия, в конце войны. Смотритель следил за состоянием и обслуживанием форта и отчитывался в Форт Пребл в Южном Портленде. В 1900 году форт получил постоянный «склад торпед» для хранения морских мин (которые в то время называли торпедами), который сейчас является центром для посетителей.

В 1923 году федеральное правительство объявило собственность форта и выставила на продажу 125 акров (51 га) земли. Штат Мэн купил его за 2121 доллар. С 1943 года он является историческим памятником штата Мэн.

Настоящее время

Сегодня форт считается одним из наиболее хорошо сохранившихся и наиболее доступных фортов в Соединенных Штатах. Практически весь форт открыт для посещения. Здесь есть несколько старинных орудий, в том числе два 15-дюймовых гладкоствольных Родмана в водяных батареях (один переустановлен), 8-дюймовая переделанная винтовка возле стоянки, 10- дюймовая гладкоствольная установка Родмана в форте и несколько 24-фунтовых фланговых гаубиц. Часть фланговых гаубиц установлена ​​на штатных лафетах; «Форт Монро 1862» можно увидеть на бронзовых пластинах этих вагонов. Повторно установленные 15-дюймовые пистолеты Родмана встречаются редко, так как они весят 50 000 фунтов. Они были самым большим оружием, произведенным в эпоху гражданской войны.

Друзья Форт-Нокса

Друзья Форт-Нокса, некоммерческая группа, образованная в 1990-х годах, отвечала за ремонт и улучшение многих фортов. Проекты «Друзья Форт-Нокса» включают преобразование Хранилища торпед в Центр для посетителей и обучения, восстановление Офицерской квартиры, установку интерпретирующих панелей, ремонт порохового магазина Батареи А, реставрацию и демонстрацию четырех 24-фунтовых фланговых защит гаубиц, ремонт и вскрытие солдатских жилых помещений, цистерны, помещений и капитальный ремонт кладки.

Друзья достигли соглашения с Государственным департаментом охраны природы о принятии повседневных операций над фортом и начали делать это 15 апреля 2012 года. Государство сохраняет за собой право собственности на форт как часть соглашение. Договор аренды действует до 2015 года и требует, чтобы Друзья несли ответственность за весь уход за территорией, а также за внутренний и внешний вид зданий на территории. Друзья также могут улучшать или изменять форт, если любые изменения не противоречат закону.

Начиная с 2012 года Друзьям было разрешено устанавливать плату за вход в форт с одобрения Бюро парков и земель, причем такие сборы согласовывались с целью сделать вход доступным для жителей штата Мэн. Взамен Друзья оставляют себе 85 процентов доходов от вступительных взносов, а остальная часть идет в Общий фонд штата.

В СМИ

Телевидение

Форт-Нокс был представлен как одно из часто посещаемых мест в паранормальном телевидении сериале Самые ужасающие места в Америке в эпизоде ​​под названием «Проклятые города», который транслировался на Travel Channel в 2018 году.

Галерея изображений

См. также

• Портал Гражданской войны в США

• Национальный регистр исторических мест в графстве Уолдо, штат Мэн Национальные исторические достопримечательности в штате Мэн
• Защита побережья в Соединенных Штатах

Ссылки

Библиография

• Уэйд, Артур П. (2011). Артиллеристы и инженеры: зарождение укреплений американского побережья, 1794–1815 гг.. CDSG Press. ISBN 978-0-9748167-2-2.
• Уивер II, Джон Р. (2018). Наследие из кирпича и камня: американские форты береговой обороны третьей системы, 1816-1867 гг., 2-е изд. Маклин, Вирджиния: Redoubt Press. С. 83–88. ISBN 978-1-7323916-1-1. CS1 maint: ref = harv (ссылка )

Внешние ссылки

• Государственное историческое место Форт-Нокса Министерство сельского хозяйства, охраны природы и лесного хозяйства
• Веб-сайт друзей Форт-Нокса
• Веб-сайт с роликами Форт-Нокса