Как пишется гарвардский университет

Harvard University

Harvard shield wreath.svg

Coat of arms
Latin: Universitas Harvardiana

Former names

 Harvard College
Motto Veritas (Latin)[1]

Motto in English

 Truth
Type Private research university
Established 1636; 387 years ago[2]
Founder Massachusetts General Court
Accreditation NECHE

Academic affiliations
  • AAU
  • NAICU
  • AICUM
  • URA
  • Space-grant
Endowment $50.9 billion (2022)[3][4]
President Lawrence Bacow
Provost Alan Garber

Academic staff

 ~2,400 faculty members (and >10,400 academic appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals)[5]
Students 21,648 (Fall 2021)[6]
Undergraduates 7,153 (Fall 2021)[6]
Postgraduates 14,495 (Fall 2021)[6]
Location

Cambridge

,

Massachusetts

,

United States

42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°WCoordinates: 42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°W
Campus Midsize city[7], 209 acres (85 ha)
Newspaper The Harvard Crimson
Colors Crimson, white, and black[8]
     
Nickname Crimson

Sporting affiliations

 NCAA Division I FCS – Ivy League
Mascot John Harvard
Website harvard.edu Edit this at Wikidata
Logotype of Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious worldwide.[a]

Harvard’s founding was authorized by the Massachusetts colonial legislature, «dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches, when our present ministers shall lie in the dust»; though never formally affiliated with any denomination, in its early years Harvard College primarily trained Congregational clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century. By the 19th century, Harvard emerged as the most prominent academic and cultural institution among the Boston elite.[9][10] Following the American Civil War, under President Charles William Eliot’s long tenure (1869–1909), the college developed multiple affiliated professional schools that transformed the college into a modern research university. In 1900, Harvard co-founded the Association of American Universities.[11] James B. Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II, and liberalized admissions after the war.

The university is composed of ten academic faculties plus Harvard Radcliffe Institute. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate academic disciplines, and other faculties offer only graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three main campuses:[12]
the 209-acre (85 ha) Cambridge campus centered on Harvard Yard; an adjoining campus immediately across Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston; and the medical campus in Boston’s Longwood Medical Area.[13] Harvard’s endowment is valued at $50.9 billion, making it the wealthiest academic institution in the world.[3][4] Endowment income enables the undergraduate college to admit students regardless of financial need and provide generous financial aid with no loans.[14] Harvard Library is the world’s largest academic library system, comprising 79 individual libraries holding 20 million items.[15][16][17][18]

Throughout its existence, Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers have included numerous heads of state, Nobel laureates, Fields Medalists, members of Congress, MacArthur Fellows, Rhodes Scholars, Marshall Scholars, and Fulbright Scholars; by most metrics, Harvard ranks at the top, or near the top, of all universities globally in each of these categories.[b] Its alumni include eight U.S. presidents and 188 living billionaires, the most of any university. Fourteen Turing Award laureates have been Harvard affiliates. Students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 110 Olympic medals (46 gold), and they have founded many notable companies.

History

Colonial era

The Harvard Corporation seal found on Harvard diplomas. Christo et Ecclesiae («For Christ and Church») is one of Harvard’s several early mottoes.[19]

Harvard was established in 1636 in the colonial, pre-Revolutionary era by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, the university acquired British North America’s first known printing press.[20][21]

In 1639, it was named Harvard College after John Harvard, an English clergyman who had died soon after immigrating to Massachusetts, bequeathed it £780 and his library of some 320 volumes.[22] The charter creating Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.

A 1643 publication defined the university’s purpose: «to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.»[23] The college trained many Puritan ministers in its early years[24]
and offered a classic curriculum that was based on the English university model‍—‌many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge‍—‌but also conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. While Harvard never affiliated with any particular denomination, many of its earliest graduates went on to become Puritan clergymen.[25]

Increase Mather served as Harvard College’s president from 1681 to 1701. In 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, marking a turning of the college away from Puritanism and toward intellectual independence.[26]

19th century

In the 19th century, Enlightenment ideas of reason and free will were widespread among Congregational ministers, putting those ministers and their congregations at odds with more traditionalist, Calvinist parties.[27]: 1–4  When Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and President Joseph Willard died a year later, a struggle broke out over their replacements. Henry Ware was elected Hollis chair in 1805, and liberal Samuel Webber was appointed president two years later, signaling a shift from traditional ideas at Harvard to liberal, Arminian ideas.[27]: 4–5 [28]: 24 

Charles William Eliot, Harvard president from 1869–1909, eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. Though Eliot was an influential figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated more by Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions influenced by William Ellery Channing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and others of the time than by secularism.[29]

In 1816, Harvard launched new programs in the study of French and Spanish with George Ticknor as first professor for these language programs.

20th century

Richard Rummell’s 1906 watercolor landscape view, facing northeast.[30]

Harvard’s graduate schools began admitting women in small numbers in the late 19th century. During World War II, students at Radcliffe College (which, since its 1879 founding, had been paying Harvard professors to repeat their lectures for women) began attending Harvard classes alongside men.[31] In 1945, women were first admitted to the medical school.[32]
Since 1971, Harvard had controlled essentially all aspects of undergraduate admission, instruction, and housing for Radcliffe women; in 1999, Radcliffe was formally merged into Harvard.[33]

In the 20th century, Harvard’s reputation grew as its endowment burgeoned and prominent intellectuals and professors affiliated with the university. The university’s rapid enrollment growth also was a product of both the founding of new graduate academic programs and an expansion of the undergraduate college. Radcliffe College emerged as the female counterpart of Harvard College, becoming one of the most prominent schools for women in the United States. In 1900, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities.[11]

The student body in its first decades of the 20th century was predominantly «old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians,» according to sociologist and author Jerome Karabel.[34] In 1923, a year after the percentage of Jewish students at Harvard reached 20%, President A. Lawrence Lowell supported a policy change that would have capped the admission of Jewish students to 15% of the undergraduate population. But Lowell’s idea was rejected. Lowell also refused to mandate forced desegregation in the university’s freshman dormitories, writing that, «We owe to the colored man the same opportunities for education that we do to the white man, but we do not owe to him to force him and the white into social relations that are not, or may not be, mutually congenial.»[35][36][37][38]

President James B. Conant led the university from 1933 to 1953; Conant reinvigorated creative scholarship in an effort to guarantee Harvard’s preeminence among the nation and world’s emerging research institutions. Conant viewed higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy. As such, he devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth. An influential 268-page report issued by Harvard faculty in 1945 under Conant’s leadership, General Education in a Free Society, remains one the most important works in curriculum studies.[39]

Between 1945 and 1960, admissions standardized to open the university to a more diverse group of students; for example, after World War II, special exams were developed so veterans could be considered for admission.[40] No longer drawing mostly from select New England prep schools, the undergraduate college became accessible to striving middle class students from public schools; many more Jews and Catholics were admitted, but still few Blacks, Hispanics, or Asians versus the representation of these demoraphics in the general population.[41] Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, Harvard incrementally became vastly more diverse.[42]

21st century

Drew Gilpin Faust, who was dean of Harvard Radcliffe Institute, became Harvard’s first female president on July 1, 2007.[43] In 2018, Faust retired and joined the board of Goldman Sachs.

On July 1, 2018, Lawrence Bacow was appointed Harvard’s 29th president.[44] Bacow intends to retire in 2023, and on December 15, 2022, it was announced that Claudine Gay will succeed him.

Campuses

Cambridge

Harvard’s 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard («the Yard») in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of downtown Boston, and extends into the surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood. The Yard contains administrative offices such as University Hall and Massachusetts Hall; libraries such as Widener, Pusey, Houghton, and Lamont; and Memorial Church.

The Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, including the college, such as Sever Hall and Harvard Hall.

Freshman dormitories are in, or adjacent to, the Yard. Upperclassmen live in the twelve residential houses – nine south of the Yard near the Charles River, the others half a mile northwest of the Yard at the Radcliffe Quadrangle (which formerly housed Radcliffe College students). Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities.[45]

Also in Cambridge are the Law, Divinity (theology), Engineering and Applied Science, Design (architecture), Education, Kennedy (public policy), and Extension schools, as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Radcliffe Yard.[46]
Harvard also has commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge.[47][48]

Allston

Harvard Business School, Harvard Innovation Labs, and many athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus in Allston,[49]
a Boston neighborhood just across the Charles River from the Cambridge campus. The John W. Weeks Bridge, a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River, connects the two campuses.

The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge.[50]
Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities.[51]

In 2021, the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences will expand into a new, 500,000+ square foot Science and Engineering Complex (SEC) in Allston.[52]
The SEC will be adjacent to the Enterprise Research Campus, the Business School, and the Harvard Innovation Labs to encourage technology- and life science-focused startups as well as collaborations with mature companies.[53]

Longwood

The schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Public Health are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, about 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus.[13]
Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. Additional affiliates, most notably Massachusetts General Hospital, are located throughout the Greater Boston area.

Other

Harvard owns the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C., the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, the Concord Field Station in Estabrook Woods in Concord, Massachusetts,[54]
the Villa I Tatti research center in Florence, Italy,[55]
the Harvard Shanghai Center in Shanghai, China,[56]
and the Arnold Arboretum in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston.

Organization and administration

Governance

School Founded
Harvard College 1636
Medicine 1782
Divinity 1816
Law 1817
Dental Medicine 1867
Arts and Sciences 1872
Business 1908
Extension 1910
Design 1914
Education 1920
Public Health 1922
Government 1936
Engineering and Applied Sciences 2007

Harvard is governed by a combination of its Board of Overseers and the President and Fellows of Harvard College (also known as the Harvard Corporation), which in turn appoints the President of Harvard University.[57]
There are 16,000 staff and faculty,[58]
including 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors.[59]

The Faculty of Arts and Sciences is the largest Harvard faculty and has primary responsibility for instruction in Harvard College, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and the Division of Continuing Education, which includes Harvard Summer School and Harvard Extension School. There are nine other graduate and professional faculties as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.

Joint programs with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology include the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, the Broad Institute, The Observatory of Economic Complexity, and edX.

Endowment

Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world, valued at about $50.9 billion as of 2022.[3][4]
During the recession of 2007–2009, it suffered significant losses that forced large budget cuts, in particular temporarily halting construction on the Allston Science Complex.[60]
The endowment has since recovered.[61][62][63][64]

About $2 billion of investment income is annually distributed to fund operations.[65]
Harvard’s ability to fund its degree and financial aid programs depends on the performance of its endowment; a poor performance in fiscal year 2016 forced a 4.4% cut in the number of graduate students funded by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.[66]
Endowment income is critical, as only 22% of revenue is from students’ tuition, fees, room, and board.[67]

Divestment

Since the 1970s, several student-led campaigns have advocated divesting Harvard’s endowment from controversial holdings, including investments in apartheid South Africa, Sudan during the Darfur genocide, and the tobacco, fossil fuel, and private prison industries.[68][69]

In the late 1980s, during the divestment from South Africa movement, student activists erected a symbolic «shantytown» on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.[70][71]
The university eventually reduced its South African holdings by $230 million (out of $400 million) in response to the pressure.[70][72]

Academics

Teaching and learning

Harvard is a large, highly residential research university[74]
offering 50 undergraduate majors,[75]
134 graduate degrees,[76]
and 32 professional degrees.[77]
During the 2018–2019 academic year, Harvard granted 1,665 baccalaureate degrees, 1,013 graduate degrees, and 5,695 professional degrees.[77]

The four-year, full-time undergraduate program has a liberal arts and sciences focus.[74][75]
To graduate in the usual four years, undergraduates normally take four courses per semester.[78]
In most majors, an honors degree requires advanced coursework and a senior thesis.[79]
Though some introductory courses have large enrollments, the median class size is 12 students.[80]

Research

Harvard is a founding member of the Association of American Universities[81] and a preeminent research university with «very high» research activity (R1) and comprehensive doctoral programs across the arts, sciences, engineering, and medicine according to the Carnegie Classification.[74]

With the medical school consistently ranking first among medical schools for research,[82] biomedical research is an area of particular strength for the university. More than 11,000 faculty and over 1,600 graduate students conduct research at the medical school as well as its 15 affiliated hospitals and research institutes.[83] The medical school and its affiliates attracted $1.65 billion in competitive research grants from the National Institutes of Health in 2019, more than twice as much as any other university.[84]

Libraries and museums

The Harvard Library system is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding about 20.4 million items.[15][16][18]
According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the world.[16][5]

Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America’s oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library

The Harvard Art Museums comprise three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum covers Asian, Mediterranean, and Islamic art, the Busch–Reisinger Museum (formerly the Germanic Museum) covers central and northern European art, and the Fogg Museum covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art. The Harvard Museum of Natural History includes the Harvard Mineralogical Museum, the Harvard University Herbaria featuring the Blaschka Glass Flowers exhibit, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Other museums include the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, designed by Le Corbusier and housing the film archive, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, specializing in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, and the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East featuring artifacts from excavations in the Middle East.

Reputation and rankings

Academic rankings
National
ARWU[85] 1
Forbes[86] 15
THE / WSJ[87] 1
U.S. News & World Report[88] 3
Washington Monthly[89] 6
Global
ARWU[90] 1
QS[91] 5
THE[92] 2
U.S. News & World Report[93] 1
National Graduate Rankings[94]
Program Ranking
Biological Sciences 4
Business 6
Chemistry 2
Clinical Psychology 10
Computer Science 16
Earth Sciences 8
Economics 1
Education 1
Engineering 22
English 8
History 4
Law 3
Mathematics 2
Medicine: Primary Care 10
Medicine: Research 1
Physics 3
Political Science 1
Psychology 3
Public Affairs 3
Public Health 2
Sociology 1
Global Subject Rankings[95]
Program Ranking
Agricultural Sciences 22
Arts & Humanities 2
Biology & Biochemistry 1
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 1
Chemistry 15
Clinical Medicine 1
Computer Science 47
Economics & Business 1
Electrical & Electronic Engineering 136
Engineering 27
Environment/Ecology 5
Geosciences 7
Immunology 1
Materials Science 7
Mathematics 12
Microbiology 1
Molecular Biology & Genetics 1
Neuroscience & Behavior 1
Oncology 1
Pharmacology & Toxicology 1
Physics 4
Plant & Animal Science 13
Psychiatry/Psychology 1
Social Sciences & Public Health 1
Space Science 2
Surgery 1

Among overall rankings, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) has ranked Harvard as the world’s top university every year since it was released.[96]
When QS and Times Higher Education collaborated to publish the Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings from 2004 to 2009, Harvard held the top spot every year and continued to hold first place on THE World Reputation Rankings ever since it was released in 2011.[97]
In 2019, it was ranked first worldwide by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[98] It was ranked in the first tier of American research universities, along with Columbia, MIT, and Stanford, in the 2019 report from the Center for Measuring University Performance.[99] Harvard University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[100]

Among rankings of specific indicators, Harvard topped both the University Ranking by Academic Performance (2019–2020) and Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities (2011), which measured universities’ numbers of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies.[101]
According to annual polls done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is consistently among the top two most commonly named dream colleges in the United States, both for students and parents.[102][103][104]
Additionally, having made significant investments in its engineering school in recent years, Harvard was ranked third worldwide for Engineering and Technology in 2019 by Times Higher Education.[105]

In international relations, Foreign Policy magazine ranks Harvard best in the world at the undergraduate level and second in the world at the graduate level, behind the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.[106]

School Founded Enrollment U.S. News & World Report
Harvard University 1636 31,345[107] 3[108]
Medicine 1782 660 1[109]
Divinity 1816 377 N/A
Law 1817 1,990 4[110]
Dental Medicine 1867 280 N/A
Arts and Sciences 1872 4,824 N/A
Business 1908 2,011 5[111]
Extension 1910 3,428 N/A
Design 1914 878 N/A
Education 1920 876 2[112]
Public Health 1922 1,412 3[111]
Government 1936 1,100 6[113]
Engineering 2007 1,750 21[114]

Student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022

Race and ethnicity[115] Total
White 36%
Asian 21%
Hispanic 12%
Foreign national 11%
Black 11%
Other[c] 9%
Economic diversity
Low-income[d] 18%
Affluent[e] 82%

Student life and activities are generally organized within each school.

Student government

The Undergraduate Council represents College students. The Graduate Council represents students at all twelve graduate and professional schools, most of which also have their own student government.[116]

Athletics

Both the undergraduate College and the graduate schools have intramural sports programs.

Harvard College competes in the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference. The school fields 42 intercollegiate sports teams, more than any other college in the country.[117] Every two years, the Harvard and Yale track and field teams come together to compete against a combined Oxford and Cambridge team in the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world.[118] As with other Ivy League universities, Harvard does not offer athletic scholarships.[119] The school color is crimson.

Harvard’s athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875.[120]

Harvard University Gazette

The Harvard Gazette, also called the Harvard University Gazette, is the official press organ of Harvard University. Formerly a print publication, it is now a web site. It publicizes research, faculty, teaching and events at the university. Initiated in 1906, it was originally a weekly calendar of news and events. In 1968 it became a weekly newspaper.

When the Gazette was a print publication, it was considered a good way of keeping up with Harvard news: «If weekly reading suits you best, the most comprehensive and authoritative medium is the Harvard University Gazette«.

In 2010, the Gazette «shifted from a print-first to a digital-first and mobile-first» publication, and reduced its publication calendar to biweekly, while keeping the same number of reporters, including some who had previously worked for the Boston Globe, Miami Herald, and the Associated Press.

Notable people

Alumni

Over more than three and a half centuries, Harvard alumni have contributed creatively and significantly to society, the arts and sciences, business, and national and international affairs. Harvard’s alumni include eight U.S. presidents, 188 living billionaires, 79 Nobel laureates, 7 Fields Medal winners, 9 Turing Award laureates, 369 Rhodes Scholars, 252 Marshall Scholars, and 13 Mitchell Scholars.[121][122][123][124] Harvard students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (including 46 gold medals), and they have founded many notable companies worldwide.[125][126]

  • Notable Harvard alumni include:

  • 2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[127]

    2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[127]

  • 26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[131]

    26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[131]

  • Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

    Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

  • Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

    Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

  • Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

    Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

  • 7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

    7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

  • 45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

    45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

  • 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

    11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

  • 14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

    14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

  • 17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

    17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

  • Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

    Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

  • 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

    8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

  • Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

    Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

  • 44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[137][138]

    44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[137][138]

  1. ^ a b Nominal Harvard College class year: did not graduate

Faculty

  • Notable present and past Harvard faculty include:

  • Louis Agassiz

  • Danielle Allen

  • Alan Dershowitz

  • Paul Farmer

  • Jason Furman

  • John Kenneth Galbraith

  • Henry Louis Gates Jr.

  • Asa Gray

  • Seamus Heaney

  • Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.

  • William James

  • Timothy Leary

  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

  • James Russell Lowell

  • Greg Mankiw

  • Steven Pinker

  • Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

  • Amartya Sen

  • B. F. Skinner

  • Lawrence Summers

  • Cass Sunstein

  • Elizabeth Warren

  • Cornel West

  • E. O. Wilson

  • Shing-Tung Yau

  • Robert Reich

Literature and popular culture

The perception of Harvard as a center of either elite achievement, or elitist privilege, has made it a frequent literary and cinematic backdrop. «In the grammar of film, Harvard has come to mean both tradition, and a certain amount of stuffiness,» film critic Paul Sherman has said.[139]

Literature

  • The Sound and the Fury (1929) and Absalom, Absalom! (1936) by William Faulkner both depict Harvard student life.[non-primary source needed]
  • Of Time and the River (1935) by Thomas Wolfe is a fictionalized autobiography that includes his alter ego’s time at Harvard.[non-primary source needed]
  • The Late George Apley (1937) by John P. Marquand parodies Harvard men at the opening of the 20th century;[non-primary source needed] it won the Pulitzer Prize.
  • The Second Happiest Day (1953) by John P. Marquand Jr. portrays the Harvard of the World War II generation.[140][141][142][143][144]

Film

Harvard permits filming on its property only rarely, so most scenes set at Harvard (especially indoor shots, but excepting aerial footage and shots of public areas such as Harvard Square) are in fact shot elsewhere.[145][146]

  • Love Story (1970) concerns a romance between a wealthy Harvard hockey player (Ryan O’Neal) and a brilliant Radcliffe student of modest means (Ali MacGraw): it is screened annually for incoming freshmen.[147][148][149]
  • The Paper Chase (1973)[150]
  • A Small Circle of Friends (1980)[145]
  • Prozac Nation (2001) is a psychological drama about a 19-year-old Harvard student with atypical depression.

See also

  • 2012 Harvard cheating scandal
  • Academic regalia of Harvard University
  • Gore Hall
  • Harvard College social clubs
  • Harvard University Police Department
  • Harvard University Press
  • Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society
  • I, Too, Am Harvard
  • List of Harvard University named chairs
  • List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Harvard University
  • List of oldest universities in continuous operation
  • Outline of Harvard University
  • Secret Court of 1920

Notes

  1. ^ Harvard’s influence, wealth and rankings have made it among the most prestigious universities in the world.
    1. Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard’s professional schools… won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. […] Harvard’s age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes.
    2. Spaulding, Christina (1989). «Sexual Shakedown». In Trumpbour, John (ed.). How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. pp. 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. … [Harvard’s] tremendous institutional power and prestige […] Within the nation’s (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning …
    3. David Altaner (March 9, 2011). «Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports». Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
    4. Collier’s Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world’s most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636.
    5. Newport, Frank (August 26, 2003). «Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place». Gallup. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
    6. Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2006). «Ending Early Admissions: Guess Who Wins?». The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020. The most prestigious college in the world, of course, is Harvard, and the gap between it and every other university is often underestimated.
    7. Hoerr, John (1997). We Can’t Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard. Temple University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781566395359.
    8. Wong, Alia (September 11, 2018). «At Private Colleges, Students Pay for Prestige». The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2020. Americans tend to think of colleges as falling somewhere on a vast hierarchy based largely on their status and brand recognition. At the top are the Harvards and the Stanfords, with their celebrated faculty, groundbreaking research, and perfectly manicured quads.

  2. ^ Universities all adopt different metrics to claim Nobel or other academic award affiliates, some generous while others conservative. The official Harvard count (around 40) only includes academicians affiliated at the time of winning the prize. Yet, the figure can be up to some 160 Nobel laureates, the most worldwide, if visitors and professors of various ranks are all included (the most generous criterium), as what some other universities do.
    • «50 (US) Universities with the Most Nobel Prize Winners». www.bestmastersprograms.org. February 25, 2021. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
    • Rachel Sugar (May 29, 2015). «Where MacArthur ‘Geniuses’ Went to College». businessinsider.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
    • «Top Producers». us.fulbrightonline.org. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
    • «Statistics». www.marshallscholarship.org. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
    • «US Rhodes Scholars Over Time». www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
    • «Harvard, Stanford, Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress». Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
    • «The complete list of Fields Medal winners». areppim AG. 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2015.

  3. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  4. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  5. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

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  150. ^ Walsh, Colleen (October 2, 2012). «The Paper Chase at 40». Harvard Gazette.

Bibliography

  • Abelmann, Walter H., ed. The Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology: The First 25 Years, 1970–1995 (2004). 346 pp.
  • Beecher, Henry K. and Altschule, Mark D. Medicine at Harvard: The First 300 Years (1977). 569 pp.
  • Bentinck-Smith, William, ed. The Harvard Book: Selections from Three Centuries (2d ed.1982). 499 pp.
  • Bethell, John T.; Hunt, Richard M.; and Shenton, Robert. Harvard A to Z (2004). 396 pp. excerpt and text search
  • Bethell, John T. Harvard Observed: An Illustrated History of the University in the Twentieth Century, Harvard University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-674-37733-8
  • Bunting, Bainbridge. Harvard: An Architectural History (1985). 350 pp.
  • Carpenter, Kenneth E. The First 350 Years of the Harvard University Library: Description of an Exhibition (1986). 216 pp.
  • Cuno, James et al. Harvard’s Art Museums: 100 Years of Collecting (1996). 364 pp.
  • Elliott, Clark A. and Rossiter, Margaret W., eds. Science at Harvard University: Historical Perspectives (1992). 380 pp.
  • Hall, Max. Harvard University Press: A History (1986). 257 pp.
  • Hay, Ida. Science in the Pleasure Ground: A History of the Arnold Arboretum (1995). 349 pp.
  • Hoerr, John, We Can’t Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard; Temple University Press, 1997, ISBN 1-56639-535-6
  • Howells, Dorothy Elia. A Century to Celebrate: Radcliffe College, 1879–1979 (1978). 152 pp.
  • Keller, Morton, and Phyllis Keller. Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University (2001), major history covers 1933 to 2002 online edition
  • Lewis, Harry R. Excellence Without a Soul: How a Great University Forgot Education (2006) ISBN 1-58648-393-5
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936 (1986) 512pp; excerpt and text search
  • Powell, Arthur G. The Uncertain Profession: Harvard and the Search for Educational Authority (1980). 341 pp.
  • Reid, Robert. Year One: An Intimate Look inside Harvard Business School (1994). 331 pp.
  • Rosovsky, Henry. The University: An Owner’s Manual (1991). 312 pp.
  • Rosovsky, Nitza. The Jewish Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe (1986). 108 pp.
  • Seligman, Joel. The High Citadel: The Influence of Harvard Law School (1978). 262 pp.
  • Sollors, Werner; Titcomb, Caldwell; and Underwood, Thomas A., eds. Blacks at Harvard: A Documentary History of African-American Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe (1993). 548 pp.
  • Trumpbour, John, ed., How Harvard Rules. Reason in the Service of Empire, Boston: South End Press, 1989, ISBN 0-89608-283-0
  • Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher, ed., Yards and Gates: Gender in Harvard and Radcliffe History, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 337 pp.
  • Winsor, Mary P. Reading the Shape of Nature: Comparative Zoology at the Agassiz Museum (1991). 324 pp.
  • Wright, Conrad Edick. Revolutionary Generation: Harvard Men and the Consequences of Independence (2005). 298 pp.

External links

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Harvard University at College Navigator, a tool from the National Center for Education Statistics
Источник
Harvard University

Harvard shield wreath.svg

Coat of arms
Latin: Universitas Harvardiana

Former names

 Harvard College
Motto Veritas (Latin)[1]

Motto in English

 Truth
Type Private research university
Established 1636; 387 years ago[2]
Founder Massachusetts General Court
Accreditation NECHE

Academic affiliations
  • AAU
  • NAICU
  • AICUM
  • URA
  • Space-grant
Endowment $50.9 billion (2022)[3][4]
President Lawrence Bacow
Provost Alan Garber

Academic staff

 ~2,400 faculty members (and >10,400 academic appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals)[5]
Students 21,648 (Fall 2021)[6]
Undergraduates 7,153 (Fall 2021)[6]
Postgraduates 14,495 (Fall 2021)[6]
Location

Cambridge

,

Massachusetts

,

United States

42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°WCoordinates: 42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°W
Campus Midsize city[7], 209 acres (85 ha)
Newspaper The Harvard Crimson
Colors Crimson, white, and black[8]
     
Nickname Crimson

Sporting affiliations

 NCAA Division I FCS – Ivy League
Mascot John Harvard
Website harvard.edu Edit this at Wikidata
Logotype of Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious worldwide.[a]

Harvard’s founding was authorized by the Massachusetts colonial legislature, «dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches, when our present ministers shall lie in the dust»; though never formally affiliated with any denomination, in its early years Harvard College primarily trained Congregational clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century. By the 19th century, Harvard emerged as the most prominent academic and cultural institution among the Boston elite.[9][10] Following the American Civil War, under President Charles William Eliot’s long tenure (1869–1909), the college developed multiple affiliated professional schools that transformed the college into a modern research university. In 1900, Harvard co-founded the Association of American Universities.[11] James B. Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II, and liberalized admissions after the war.

The university is composed of ten academic faculties plus Harvard Radcliffe Institute. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate academic disciplines, and other faculties offer only graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three main campuses:[12]
the 209-acre (85 ha) Cambridge campus centered on Harvard Yard; an adjoining campus immediately across Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston; and the medical campus in Boston’s Longwood Medical Area.[13] Harvard’s endowment is valued at $50.9 billion, making it the wealthiest academic institution in the world.[3][4] Endowment income enables the undergraduate college to admit students regardless of financial need and provide generous financial aid with no loans.[14] Harvard Library is the world’s largest academic library system, comprising 79 individual libraries holding 20 million items.[15][16][17][18]

Throughout its existence, Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers have included numerous heads of state, Nobel laureates, Fields Medalists, members of Congress, MacArthur Fellows, Rhodes Scholars, Marshall Scholars, and Fulbright Scholars; by most metrics, Harvard ranks at the top, or near the top, of all universities globally in each of these categories.[b] Its alumni include eight U.S. presidents and 188 living billionaires, the most of any university. Fourteen Turing Award laureates have been Harvard affiliates. Students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 110 Olympic medals (46 gold), and they have founded many notable companies.

History

Colonial era

The Harvard Corporation seal found on Harvard diplomas. Christo et Ecclesiae («For Christ and Church») is one of Harvard’s several early mottoes.[19]

Harvard was established in 1636 in the colonial, pre-Revolutionary era by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, the university acquired British North America’s first known printing press.[20][21]

In 1639, it was named Harvard College after John Harvard, an English clergyman who had died soon after immigrating to Massachusetts, bequeathed it £780 and his library of some 320 volumes.[22] The charter creating Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.

A 1643 publication defined the university’s purpose: «to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.»[23] The college trained many Puritan ministers in its early years[24]
and offered a classic curriculum that was based on the English university model‍—‌many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge‍—‌but also conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. While Harvard never affiliated with any particular denomination, many of its earliest graduates went on to become Puritan clergymen.[25]

Increase Mather served as Harvard College’s president from 1681 to 1701. In 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, marking a turning of the college away from Puritanism and toward intellectual independence.[26]

19th century

In the 19th century, Enlightenment ideas of reason and free will were widespread among Congregational ministers, putting those ministers and their congregations at odds with more traditionalist, Calvinist parties.[27]: 1–4  When Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and President Joseph Willard died a year later, a struggle broke out over their replacements. Henry Ware was elected Hollis chair in 1805, and liberal Samuel Webber was appointed president two years later, signaling a shift from traditional ideas at Harvard to liberal, Arminian ideas.[27]: 4–5 [28]: 24 

Charles William Eliot, Harvard president from 1869–1909, eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. Though Eliot was an influential figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated more by Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions influenced by William Ellery Channing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and others of the time than by secularism.[29]

In 1816, Harvard launched new programs in the study of French and Spanish with George Ticknor as first professor for these language programs.

20th century

Richard Rummell’s 1906 watercolor landscape view, facing northeast.[30]

Harvard’s graduate schools began admitting women in small numbers in the late 19th century. During World War II, students at Radcliffe College (which, since its 1879 founding, had been paying Harvard professors to repeat their lectures for women) began attending Harvard classes alongside men.[31] In 1945, women were first admitted to the medical school.[32]
Since 1971, Harvard had controlled essentially all aspects of undergraduate admission, instruction, and housing for Radcliffe women; in 1999, Radcliffe was formally merged into Harvard.[33]

In the 20th century, Harvard’s reputation grew as its endowment burgeoned and prominent intellectuals and professors affiliated with the university. The university’s rapid enrollment growth also was a product of both the founding of new graduate academic programs and an expansion of the undergraduate college. Radcliffe College emerged as the female counterpart of Harvard College, becoming one of the most prominent schools for women in the United States. In 1900, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities.[11]

The student body in its first decades of the 20th century was predominantly «old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians,» according to sociologist and author Jerome Karabel.[34] In 1923, a year after the percentage of Jewish students at Harvard reached 20%, President A. Lawrence Lowell supported a policy change that would have capped the admission of Jewish students to 15% of the undergraduate population. But Lowell’s idea was rejected. Lowell also refused to mandate forced desegregation in the university’s freshman dormitories, writing that, «We owe to the colored man the same opportunities for education that we do to the white man, but we do not owe to him to force him and the white into social relations that are not, or may not be, mutually congenial.»[35][36][37][38]

President James B. Conant led the university from 1933 to 1953; Conant reinvigorated creative scholarship in an effort to guarantee Harvard’s preeminence among the nation and world’s emerging research institutions. Conant viewed higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy. As such, he devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth. An influential 268-page report issued by Harvard faculty in 1945 under Conant’s leadership, General Education in a Free Society, remains one the most important works in curriculum studies.[39]

Between 1945 and 1960, admissions standardized to open the university to a more diverse group of students; for example, after World War II, special exams were developed so veterans could be considered for admission.[40] No longer drawing mostly from select New England prep schools, the undergraduate college became accessible to striving middle class students from public schools; many more Jews and Catholics were admitted, but still few Blacks, Hispanics, or Asians versus the representation of these demoraphics in the general population.[41] Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, Harvard incrementally became vastly more diverse.[42]

21st century

Drew Gilpin Faust, who was dean of Harvard Radcliffe Institute, became Harvard’s first female president on July 1, 2007.[43] In 2018, Faust retired and joined the board of Goldman Sachs.

On July 1, 2018, Lawrence Bacow was appointed Harvard’s 29th president.[44] Bacow intends to retire in 2023, and on December 15, 2022, it was announced that Claudine Gay will succeed him.

Campuses

Cambridge

Harvard’s 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard («the Yard») in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of downtown Boston, and extends into the surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood. The Yard contains administrative offices such as University Hall and Massachusetts Hall; libraries such as Widener, Pusey, Houghton, and Lamont; and Memorial Church.

The Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, including the college, such as Sever Hall and Harvard Hall.

Freshman dormitories are in, or adjacent to, the Yard. Upperclassmen live in the twelve residential houses – nine south of the Yard near the Charles River, the others half a mile northwest of the Yard at the Radcliffe Quadrangle (which formerly housed Radcliffe College students). Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities.[45]

Also in Cambridge are the Law, Divinity (theology), Engineering and Applied Science, Design (architecture), Education, Kennedy (public policy), and Extension schools, as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Radcliffe Yard.[46]
Harvard also has commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge.[47][48]

Allston

Harvard Business School, Harvard Innovation Labs, and many athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus in Allston,[49]
a Boston neighborhood just across the Charles River from the Cambridge campus. The John W. Weeks Bridge, a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River, connects the two campuses.

The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge.[50]
Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities.[51]

In 2021, the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences will expand into a new, 500,000+ square foot Science and Engineering Complex (SEC) in Allston.[52]
The SEC will be adjacent to the Enterprise Research Campus, the Business School, and the Harvard Innovation Labs to encourage technology- and life science-focused startups as well as collaborations with mature companies.[53]

Longwood

The schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Public Health are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, about 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus.[13]
Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. Additional affiliates, most notably Massachusetts General Hospital, are located throughout the Greater Boston area.

Other

Harvard owns the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C., the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, the Concord Field Station in Estabrook Woods in Concord, Massachusetts,[54]
the Villa I Tatti research center in Florence, Italy,[55]
the Harvard Shanghai Center in Shanghai, China,[56]
and the Arnold Arboretum in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston.

Organization and administration

Governance

School Founded
Harvard College 1636
Medicine 1782
Divinity 1816
Law 1817
Dental Medicine 1867
Arts and Sciences 1872
Business 1908
Extension 1910
Design 1914
Education 1920
Public Health 1922
Government 1936
Engineering and Applied Sciences 2007

Harvard is governed by a combination of its Board of Overseers and the President and Fellows of Harvard College (also known as the Harvard Corporation), which in turn appoints the President of Harvard University.[57]
There are 16,000 staff and faculty,[58]
including 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors.[59]

The Faculty of Arts and Sciences is the largest Harvard faculty and has primary responsibility for instruction in Harvard College, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and the Division of Continuing Education, which includes Harvard Summer School and Harvard Extension School. There are nine other graduate and professional faculties as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.

Joint programs with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology include the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, the Broad Institute, The Observatory of Economic Complexity, and edX.

Endowment

Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world, valued at about $50.9 billion as of 2022.[3][4]
During the recession of 2007–2009, it suffered significant losses that forced large budget cuts, in particular temporarily halting construction on the Allston Science Complex.[60]
The endowment has since recovered.[61][62][63][64]

About $2 billion of investment income is annually distributed to fund operations.[65]
Harvard’s ability to fund its degree and financial aid programs depends on the performance of its endowment; a poor performance in fiscal year 2016 forced a 4.4% cut in the number of graduate students funded by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.[66]
Endowment income is critical, as only 22% of revenue is from students’ tuition, fees, room, and board.[67]

Divestment

Since the 1970s, several student-led campaigns have advocated divesting Harvard’s endowment from controversial holdings, including investments in apartheid South Africa, Sudan during the Darfur genocide, and the tobacco, fossil fuel, and private prison industries.[68][69]

In the late 1980s, during the divestment from South Africa movement, student activists erected a symbolic «shantytown» on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.[70][71]
The university eventually reduced its South African holdings by $230 million (out of $400 million) in response to the pressure.[70][72]

Academics

Teaching and learning

Harvard is a large, highly residential research university[74]
offering 50 undergraduate majors,[75]
134 graduate degrees,[76]
and 32 professional degrees.[77]
During the 2018–2019 academic year, Harvard granted 1,665 baccalaureate degrees, 1,013 graduate degrees, and 5,695 professional degrees.[77]

The four-year, full-time undergraduate program has a liberal arts and sciences focus.[74][75]
To graduate in the usual four years, undergraduates normally take four courses per semester.[78]
In most majors, an honors degree requires advanced coursework and a senior thesis.[79]
Though some introductory courses have large enrollments, the median class size is 12 students.[80]

Research

Harvard is a founding member of the Association of American Universities[81] and a preeminent research university with «very high» research activity (R1) and comprehensive doctoral programs across the arts, sciences, engineering, and medicine according to the Carnegie Classification.[74]

With the medical school consistently ranking first among medical schools for research,[82] biomedical research is an area of particular strength for the university. More than 11,000 faculty and over 1,600 graduate students conduct research at the medical school as well as its 15 affiliated hospitals and research institutes.[83] The medical school and its affiliates attracted $1.65 billion in competitive research grants from the National Institutes of Health in 2019, more than twice as much as any other university.[84]

Libraries and museums

The Harvard Library system is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding about 20.4 million items.[15][16][18]
According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the world.[16][5]

Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America’s oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library

The Harvard Art Museums comprise three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum covers Asian, Mediterranean, and Islamic art, the Busch–Reisinger Museum (formerly the Germanic Museum) covers central and northern European art, and the Fogg Museum covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art. The Harvard Museum of Natural History includes the Harvard Mineralogical Museum, the Harvard University Herbaria featuring the Blaschka Glass Flowers exhibit, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Other museums include the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, designed by Le Corbusier and housing the film archive, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, specializing in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, and the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East featuring artifacts from excavations in the Middle East.

Reputation and rankings

Academic rankings
National
ARWU[85] 1
Forbes[86] 15
THE / WSJ[87] 1
U.S. News & World Report[88] 3
Washington Monthly[89] 6
Global
ARWU[90] 1
QS[91] 5
THE[92] 2
U.S. News & World Report[93] 1
National Graduate Rankings[94]
Program Ranking
Biological Sciences 4
Business 6
Chemistry 2
Clinical Psychology 10
Computer Science 16
Earth Sciences 8
Economics 1
Education 1
Engineering 22
English 8
History 4
Law 3
Mathematics 2
Medicine: Primary Care 10
Medicine: Research 1
Physics 3
Political Science 1
Psychology 3
Public Affairs 3
Public Health 2
Sociology 1
Global Subject Rankings[95]
Program Ranking
Agricultural Sciences 22
Arts & Humanities 2
Biology & Biochemistry 1
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 1
Chemistry 15
Clinical Medicine 1
Computer Science 47
Economics & Business 1
Electrical & Electronic Engineering 136
Engineering 27
Environment/Ecology 5
Geosciences 7
Immunology 1
Materials Science 7
Mathematics 12
Microbiology 1
Molecular Biology & Genetics 1
Neuroscience & Behavior 1
Oncology 1
Pharmacology & Toxicology 1
Physics 4
Plant & Animal Science 13
Psychiatry/Psychology 1
Social Sciences & Public Health 1
Space Science 2
Surgery 1

Among overall rankings, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) has ranked Harvard as the world’s top university every year since it was released.[96]
When QS and Times Higher Education collaborated to publish the Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings from 2004 to 2009, Harvard held the top spot every year and continued to hold first place on THE World Reputation Rankings ever since it was released in 2011.[97]
In 2019, it was ranked first worldwide by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[98] It was ranked in the first tier of American research universities, along with Columbia, MIT, and Stanford, in the 2019 report from the Center for Measuring University Performance.[99] Harvard University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[100]

Among rankings of specific indicators, Harvard topped both the University Ranking by Academic Performance (2019–2020) and Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities (2011), which measured universities’ numbers of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies.[101]
According to annual polls done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is consistently among the top two most commonly named dream colleges in the United States, both for students and parents.[102][103][104]
Additionally, having made significant investments in its engineering school in recent years, Harvard was ranked third worldwide for Engineering and Technology in 2019 by Times Higher Education.[105]

In international relations, Foreign Policy magazine ranks Harvard best in the world at the undergraduate level and second in the world at the graduate level, behind the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.[106]

School Founded Enrollment U.S. News & World Report
Harvard University 1636 31,345[107] 3[108]
Medicine 1782 660 1[109]
Divinity 1816 377 N/A
Law 1817 1,990 4[110]
Dental Medicine 1867 280 N/A
Arts and Sciences 1872 4,824 N/A
Business 1908 2,011 5[111]
Extension 1910 3,428 N/A
Design 1914 878 N/A
Education 1920 876 2[112]
Public Health 1922 1,412 3[111]
Government 1936 1,100 6[113]
Engineering 2007 1,750 21[114]

Student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022

Race and ethnicity[115] Total
White 36%
Asian 21%
Hispanic 12%
Foreign national 11%
Black 11%
Other[c] 9%
Economic diversity
Low-income[d] 18%
Affluent[e] 82%

Student life and activities are generally organized within each school.

Student government

The Undergraduate Council represents College students. The Graduate Council represents students at all twelve graduate and professional schools, most of which also have their own student government.[116]

Athletics

Both the undergraduate College and the graduate schools have intramural sports programs.

Harvard College competes in the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference. The school fields 42 intercollegiate sports teams, more than any other college in the country.[117] Every two years, the Harvard and Yale track and field teams come together to compete against a combined Oxford and Cambridge team in the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world.[118] As with other Ivy League universities, Harvard does not offer athletic scholarships.[119] The school color is crimson.

Harvard’s athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875.[120]

Harvard University Gazette

The Harvard Gazette, also called the Harvard University Gazette, is the official press organ of Harvard University. Formerly a print publication, it is now a web site. It publicizes research, faculty, teaching and events at the university. Initiated in 1906, it was originally a weekly calendar of news and events. In 1968 it became a weekly newspaper.

When the Gazette was a print publication, it was considered a good way of keeping up with Harvard news: «If weekly reading suits you best, the most comprehensive and authoritative medium is the Harvard University Gazette«.

In 2010, the Gazette «shifted from a print-first to a digital-first and mobile-first» publication, and reduced its publication calendar to biweekly, while keeping the same number of reporters, including some who had previously worked for the Boston Globe, Miami Herald, and the Associated Press.

Notable people

Alumni

Over more than three and a half centuries, Harvard alumni have contributed creatively and significantly to society, the arts and sciences, business, and national and international affairs. Harvard’s alumni include eight U.S. presidents, 188 living billionaires, 79 Nobel laureates, 7 Fields Medal winners, 9 Turing Award laureates, 369 Rhodes Scholars, 252 Marshall Scholars, and 13 Mitchell Scholars.[121][122][123][124] Harvard students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (including 46 gold medals), and they have founded many notable companies worldwide.[125][126]

  • Notable Harvard alumni include:

  • 2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[127]

    2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[127]

  • 26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[131]

    26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[131]

  • Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

    Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

  • Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

    Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

  • Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

    Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

  • 7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

    7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

  • 45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

    45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

  • 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

    11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

  • 14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

    14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

  • 17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

    17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

  • Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

    Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

  • 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

    8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

  • Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

    Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

  • 44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[137][138]

    44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[137][138]

  1. ^ a b Nominal Harvard College class year: did not graduate

Faculty

  • Notable present and past Harvard faculty include:

  • Louis Agassiz

  • Danielle Allen

  • Alan Dershowitz

  • Paul Farmer

  • Jason Furman

  • John Kenneth Galbraith

  • Henry Louis Gates Jr.

  • Asa Gray

  • Seamus Heaney

  • Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.

  • William James

  • Timothy Leary

  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

  • James Russell Lowell

  • Greg Mankiw

  • Steven Pinker

  • Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

  • Amartya Sen

  • B. F. Skinner

  • Lawrence Summers

  • Cass Sunstein

  • Elizabeth Warren

  • Cornel West

  • E. O. Wilson

  • Shing-Tung Yau

  • Robert Reich

Literature and popular culture

The perception of Harvard as a center of either elite achievement, or elitist privilege, has made it a frequent literary and cinematic backdrop. «In the grammar of film, Harvard has come to mean both tradition, and a certain amount of stuffiness,» film critic Paul Sherman has said.[139]

Literature

  • The Sound and the Fury (1929) and Absalom, Absalom! (1936) by William Faulkner both depict Harvard student life.[non-primary source needed]
  • Of Time and the River (1935) by Thomas Wolfe is a fictionalized autobiography that includes his alter ego’s time at Harvard.[non-primary source needed]
  • The Late George Apley (1937) by John P. Marquand parodies Harvard men at the opening of the 20th century;[non-primary source needed] it won the Pulitzer Prize.
  • The Second Happiest Day (1953) by John P. Marquand Jr. portrays the Harvard of the World War II generation.[140][141][142][143][144]

Film

Harvard permits filming on its property only rarely, so most scenes set at Harvard (especially indoor shots, but excepting aerial footage and shots of public areas such as Harvard Square) are in fact shot elsewhere.[145][146]

  • Love Story (1970) concerns a romance between a wealthy Harvard hockey player (Ryan O’Neal) and a brilliant Radcliffe student of modest means (Ali MacGraw): it is screened annually for incoming freshmen.[147][148][149]
  • The Paper Chase (1973)[150]
  • A Small Circle of Friends (1980)[145]
  • Prozac Nation (2001) is a psychological drama about a 19-year-old Harvard student with atypical depression.

See also

  • 2012 Harvard cheating scandal
  • Academic regalia of Harvard University
  • Gore Hall
  • Harvard College social clubs
  • Harvard University Police Department
  • Harvard University Press
  • Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society
  • I, Too, Am Harvard
  • List of Harvard University named chairs
  • List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Harvard University
  • List of oldest universities in continuous operation
  • Outline of Harvard University
  • Secret Court of 1920

Notes

  1. ^ Harvard’s influence, wealth and rankings have made it among the most prestigious universities in the world.
    1. Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard’s professional schools… won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. […] Harvard’s age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes.
    2. Spaulding, Christina (1989). «Sexual Shakedown». In Trumpbour, John (ed.). How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. pp. 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. … [Harvard’s] tremendous institutional power and prestige […] Within the nation’s (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning …
    3. David Altaner (March 9, 2011). «Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports». Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
    4. Collier’s Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world’s most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636.
    5. Newport, Frank (August 26, 2003). «Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place». Gallup. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
    6. Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2006). «Ending Early Admissions: Guess Who Wins?». The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020. The most prestigious college in the world, of course, is Harvard, and the gap between it and every other university is often underestimated.
    7. Hoerr, John (1997). We Can’t Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard. Temple University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781566395359.
    8. Wong, Alia (September 11, 2018). «At Private Colleges, Students Pay for Prestige». The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2020. Americans tend to think of colleges as falling somewhere on a vast hierarchy based largely on their status and brand recognition. At the top are the Harvards and the Stanfords, with their celebrated faculty, groundbreaking research, and perfectly manicured quads.

  2. ^ Universities all adopt different metrics to claim Nobel or other academic award affiliates, some generous while others conservative. The official Harvard count (around 40) only includes academicians affiliated at the time of winning the prize. Yet, the figure can be up to some 160 Nobel laureates, the most worldwide, if visitors and professors of various ranks are all included (the most generous criterium), as what some other universities do.
    • «50 (US) Universities with the Most Nobel Prize Winners». www.bestmastersprograms.org. February 25, 2021. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
    • Rachel Sugar (May 29, 2015). «Where MacArthur ‘Geniuses’ Went to College». businessinsider.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
    • «Top Producers». us.fulbrightonline.org. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
    • «Statistics». www.marshallscholarship.org. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
    • «US Rhodes Scholars Over Time». www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
    • «Harvard, Stanford, Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress». Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
    • «The complete list of Fields Medal winners». areppim AG. 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2015.

  3. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  4. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  5. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

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  133. ^ Selverstone, Marc J. (October 4, 2016). «John F. Kennedy: Life Before the Presidency». Miller Center. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
  134. ^ «Ellen Johnson Sirleaf — Biographical». www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  135. ^ L. Gregg II, Gary (October 4, 2016). «George W. Bush: Life Before the Presidency». Miller Center. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
  136. ^ «Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020». nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  137. ^ «Barack Obama: Life Before the Presidency». Miller Center. October 4, 2016. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
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  139. ^ Thomas, Sarah (September 24, 2010). «‘Social Network’ taps other campuses for Harvard role». Boston.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2020. ‘In the grammar of film, Harvard has come to mean both tradition, and a certain amount of stuffiness…. Someone from Missouri who has never lived in Boston … can get this idea that it’s all trust fund babies and ivy-covered walls.’
  140. ^ King, Michael (2002). Wrestling with the Angel. p. 371. …praised as an iconic chronicle of his generation and his WASP-ish class.
  141. ^ Halberstam, Michael J. (February 18, 1953). «White Shoe and Weak Will». Harvard Crimson. The book is written slickly, but without distinction…. The book will be quick, enjoyable reading for all Harvard men.
  142. ^ Yardley, Jonathan (December 23, 2009). «Second Reading». The Washington Post.  ’…a balanced and impressive novel…’ [is] a judgment with which I [agree].
  143. ^ Du Bois, William (February 1, 1953). «Out of a Jitter-and-Fritter World». The New York Times. p. BR5. exhibits Mr. Phillips’ talent at its finest
  144. ^ «John Phillips, The Second Happiest Day». Southwest Review. Vol. 38. p. 267. So when the critics say the author of «The Second Happiest Day» is a new Fitzgerald, we think they may be right.
  145. ^ a b Schwartz, Nathaniel L. (September 21, 1999). «University, Hollywood Relationship Not Always a ‘Love Story’«. Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  146. ^ Sarah Thomas (September 24, 2010). «‘Social Network’ taps other campuses for Harvard role». boston.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  147. ^ «Never Having To Say You’re Sorry for 25 Years…» Harvard Crimson. June 3, 1996. Archived from the original on July 17, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  148. ^ Vinciguerra, Thomas (August 20, 2010). «The Disease: Fatal. The Treatment: Mockery». The New York Times.
  149. ^ Gewertz, Ken (February 8, 1996). «A Many-Splendored ‘Love Story’. Movie filmed at Harvard 25 years ago helped to define a generation». Harvard University Gazette.
  150. ^ Walsh, Colleen (October 2, 2012). «The Paper Chase at 40». Harvard Gazette.

Bibliography

  • Abelmann, Walter H., ed. The Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology: The First 25 Years, 1970–1995 (2004). 346 pp.
  • Beecher, Henry K. and Altschule, Mark D. Medicine at Harvard: The First 300 Years (1977). 569 pp.
  • Bentinck-Smith, William, ed. The Harvard Book: Selections from Three Centuries (2d ed.1982). 499 pp.
  • Bethell, John T.; Hunt, Richard M.; and Shenton, Robert. Harvard A to Z (2004). 396 pp. excerpt and text search
  • Bethell, John T. Harvard Observed: An Illustrated History of the University in the Twentieth Century, Harvard University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-674-37733-8
  • Bunting, Bainbridge. Harvard: An Architectural History (1985). 350 pp.
  • Carpenter, Kenneth E. The First 350 Years of the Harvard University Library: Description of an Exhibition (1986). 216 pp.
  • Cuno, James et al. Harvard’s Art Museums: 100 Years of Collecting (1996). 364 pp.
  • Elliott, Clark A. and Rossiter, Margaret W., eds. Science at Harvard University: Historical Perspectives (1992). 380 pp.
  • Hall, Max. Harvard University Press: A History (1986). 257 pp.
  • Hay, Ida. Science in the Pleasure Ground: A History of the Arnold Arboretum (1995). 349 pp.
  • Hoerr, John, We Can’t Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard; Temple University Press, 1997, ISBN 1-56639-535-6
  • Howells, Dorothy Elia. A Century to Celebrate: Radcliffe College, 1879–1979 (1978). 152 pp.
  • Keller, Morton, and Phyllis Keller. Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University (2001), major history covers 1933 to 2002 online edition
  • Lewis, Harry R. Excellence Without a Soul: How a Great University Forgot Education (2006) ISBN 1-58648-393-5
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936 (1986) 512pp; excerpt and text search
  • Powell, Arthur G. The Uncertain Profession: Harvard and the Search for Educational Authority (1980). 341 pp.
  • Reid, Robert. Year One: An Intimate Look inside Harvard Business School (1994). 331 pp.
  • Rosovsky, Henry. The University: An Owner’s Manual (1991). 312 pp.
  • Rosovsky, Nitza. The Jewish Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe (1986). 108 pp.
  • Seligman, Joel. The High Citadel: The Influence of Harvard Law School (1978). 262 pp.
  • Sollors, Werner; Titcomb, Caldwell; and Underwood, Thomas A., eds. Blacks at Harvard: A Documentary History of African-American Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe (1993). 548 pp.
  • Trumpbour, John, ed., How Harvard Rules. Reason in the Service of Empire, Boston: South End Press, 1989, ISBN 0-89608-283-0
  • Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher, ed., Yards and Gates: Gender in Harvard and Radcliffe History, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 337 pp.
  • Winsor, Mary P. Reading the Shape of Nature: Comparative Zoology at the Agassiz Museum (1991). 324 pp.
  • Wright, Conrad Edick. Revolutionary Generation: Harvard Men and the Consequences of Independence (2005). 298 pp.

External links

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Harvard University at College Navigator, a tool from the National Center for Education Statistics
Источник
Harvard University

Harvard shield wreath.svg

Coat of arms
Latin: Universitas Harvardiana

Former names

 Harvard College
Motto Veritas (Latin)[1]

Motto in English

 Truth
Type Private research university
Established 1636; 387 years ago[2]
Founder Massachusetts General Court
Accreditation NECHE

Academic affiliations
  • AAU
  • NAICU
  • AICUM
  • URA
  • Space-grant
Endowment $50.9 billion (2022)[3][4]
President Lawrence Bacow
Provost Alan Garber

Academic staff

 ~2,400 faculty members (and >10,400 academic appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals)[5]
Students 21,648 (Fall 2021)[6]
Undergraduates 7,153 (Fall 2021)[6]
Postgraduates 14,495 (Fall 2021)[6]
Location

Cambridge

,

Massachusetts

,

United States

42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°WCoordinates: 42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°W
Campus Midsize city[7], 209 acres (85 ha)
Newspaper The Harvard Crimson
Colors Crimson, white, and black[8]
     
Nickname Crimson

Sporting affiliations

 NCAA Division I FCS – Ivy League
Mascot John Harvard
Website harvard.edu Edit this at Wikidata
Logotype of Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious worldwide.[a]

Harvard’s founding was authorized by the Massachusetts colonial legislature, «dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches, when our present ministers shall lie in the dust»; though never formally affiliated with any denomination, in its early years Harvard College primarily trained Congregational clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century. By the 19th century, Harvard emerged as the most prominent academic and cultural institution among the Boston elite.[9][10] Following the American Civil War, under President Charles William Eliot’s long tenure (1869–1909), the college developed multiple affiliated professional schools that transformed the college into a modern research university. In 1900, Harvard co-founded the Association of American Universities.[11] James B. Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II, and liberalized admissions after the war.

The university is composed of ten academic faculties plus Harvard Radcliffe Institute. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate academic disciplines, and other faculties offer only graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three main campuses:[12]
the 209-acre (85 ha) Cambridge campus centered on Harvard Yard; an adjoining campus immediately across Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston; and the medical campus in Boston’s Longwood Medical Area.[13] Harvard’s endowment is valued at $50.9 billion, making it the wealthiest academic institution in the world.[3][4] Endowment income enables the undergraduate college to admit students regardless of financial need and provide generous financial aid with no loans.[14] Harvard Library is the world’s largest academic library system, comprising 79 individual libraries holding 20 million items.[15][16][17][18]

Throughout its existence, Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers have included numerous heads of state, Nobel laureates, Fields Medalists, members of Congress, MacArthur Fellows, Rhodes Scholars, Marshall Scholars, and Fulbright Scholars; by most metrics, Harvard ranks at the top, or near the top, of all universities globally in each of these categories.[b] Its alumni include eight U.S. presidents and 188 living billionaires, the most of any university. Fourteen Turing Award laureates have been Harvard affiliates. Students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 110 Olympic medals (46 gold), and they have founded many notable companies.

History

Colonial era

The Harvard Corporation seal found on Harvard diplomas. Christo et Ecclesiae («For Christ and Church») is one of Harvard’s several early mottoes.[19]

Harvard was established in 1636 in the colonial, pre-Revolutionary era by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, the university acquired British North America’s first known printing press.[20][21]

In 1639, it was named Harvard College after John Harvard, an English clergyman who had died soon after immigrating to Massachusetts, bequeathed it £780 and his library of some 320 volumes.[22] The charter creating Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.

A 1643 publication defined the university’s purpose: «to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.»[23] The college trained many Puritan ministers in its early years[24]
and offered a classic curriculum that was based on the English university model‍—‌many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge‍—‌but also conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. While Harvard never affiliated with any particular denomination, many of its earliest graduates went on to become Puritan clergymen.[25]

Increase Mather served as Harvard College’s president from 1681 to 1701. In 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, marking a turning of the college away from Puritanism and toward intellectual independence.[26]

19th century

In the 19th century, Enlightenment ideas of reason and free will were widespread among Congregational ministers, putting those ministers and their congregations at odds with more traditionalist, Calvinist parties.[27]: 1–4  When Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and President Joseph Willard died a year later, a struggle broke out over their replacements. Henry Ware was elected Hollis chair in 1805, and liberal Samuel Webber was appointed president two years later, signaling a shift from traditional ideas at Harvard to liberal, Arminian ideas.[27]: 4–5 [28]: 24 

Charles William Eliot, Harvard president from 1869–1909, eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. Though Eliot was an influential figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated more by Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions influenced by William Ellery Channing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and others of the time than by secularism.[29]

In 1816, Harvard launched new programs in the study of French and Spanish with George Ticknor as first professor for these language programs.

20th century

Richard Rummell’s 1906 watercolor landscape view, facing northeast.[30]

Harvard’s graduate schools began admitting women in small numbers in the late 19th century. During World War II, students at Radcliffe College (which, since its 1879 founding, had been paying Harvard professors to repeat their lectures for women) began attending Harvard classes alongside men.[31] In 1945, women were first admitted to the medical school.[32]
Since 1971, Harvard had controlled essentially all aspects of undergraduate admission, instruction, and housing for Radcliffe women; in 1999, Radcliffe was formally merged into Harvard.[33]

In the 20th century, Harvard’s reputation grew as its endowment burgeoned and prominent intellectuals and professors affiliated with the university. The university’s rapid enrollment growth also was a product of both the founding of new graduate academic programs and an expansion of the undergraduate college. Radcliffe College emerged as the female counterpart of Harvard College, becoming one of the most prominent schools for women in the United States. In 1900, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities.[11]

The student body in its first decades of the 20th century was predominantly «old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians,» according to sociologist and author Jerome Karabel.[34] In 1923, a year after the percentage of Jewish students at Harvard reached 20%, President A. Lawrence Lowell supported a policy change that would have capped the admission of Jewish students to 15% of the undergraduate population. But Lowell’s idea was rejected. Lowell also refused to mandate forced desegregation in the university’s freshman dormitories, writing that, «We owe to the colored man the same opportunities for education that we do to the white man, but we do not owe to him to force him and the white into social relations that are not, or may not be, mutually congenial.»[35][36][37][38]

President James B. Conant led the university from 1933 to 1953; Conant reinvigorated creative scholarship in an effort to guarantee Harvard’s preeminence among the nation and world’s emerging research institutions. Conant viewed higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy. As such, he devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth. An influential 268-page report issued by Harvard faculty in 1945 under Conant’s leadership, General Education in a Free Society, remains one the most important works in curriculum studies.[39]

Between 1945 and 1960, admissions standardized to open the university to a more diverse group of students; for example, after World War II, special exams were developed so veterans could be considered for admission.[40] No longer drawing mostly from select New England prep schools, the undergraduate college became accessible to striving middle class students from public schools; many more Jews and Catholics were admitted, but still few Blacks, Hispanics, or Asians versus the representation of these demoraphics in the general population.[41] Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, Harvard incrementally became vastly more diverse.[42]

21st century

Drew Gilpin Faust, who was dean of Harvard Radcliffe Institute, became Harvard’s first female president on July 1, 2007.[43] In 2018, Faust retired and joined the board of Goldman Sachs.

On July 1, 2018, Lawrence Bacow was appointed Harvard’s 29th president.[44] Bacow intends to retire in 2023, and on December 15, 2022, it was announced that Claudine Gay will succeed him.

Campuses

Cambridge

Harvard’s 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard («the Yard») in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of downtown Boston, and extends into the surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood. The Yard contains administrative offices such as University Hall and Massachusetts Hall; libraries such as Widener, Pusey, Houghton, and Lamont; and Memorial Church.

The Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, including the college, such as Sever Hall and Harvard Hall.

Freshman dormitories are in, or adjacent to, the Yard. Upperclassmen live in the twelve residential houses – nine south of the Yard near the Charles River, the others half a mile northwest of the Yard at the Radcliffe Quadrangle (which formerly housed Radcliffe College students). Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities.[45]

Also in Cambridge are the Law, Divinity (theology), Engineering and Applied Science, Design (architecture), Education, Kennedy (public policy), and Extension schools, as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Radcliffe Yard.[46]
Harvard also has commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge.[47][48]

Allston

Harvard Business School, Harvard Innovation Labs, and many athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus in Allston,[49]
a Boston neighborhood just across the Charles River from the Cambridge campus. The John W. Weeks Bridge, a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River, connects the two campuses.

The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge.[50]
Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities.[51]

In 2021, the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences will expand into a new, 500,000+ square foot Science and Engineering Complex (SEC) in Allston.[52]
The SEC will be adjacent to the Enterprise Research Campus, the Business School, and the Harvard Innovation Labs to encourage technology- and life science-focused startups as well as collaborations with mature companies.[53]

Longwood

The schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Public Health are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, about 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus.[13]
Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. Additional affiliates, most notably Massachusetts General Hospital, are located throughout the Greater Boston area.

Other

Harvard owns the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C., the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, the Concord Field Station in Estabrook Woods in Concord, Massachusetts,[54]
the Villa I Tatti research center in Florence, Italy,[55]
the Harvard Shanghai Center in Shanghai, China,[56]
and the Arnold Arboretum in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston.

Organization and administration

Governance

School Founded
Harvard College 1636
Medicine 1782
Divinity 1816
Law 1817
Dental Medicine 1867
Arts and Sciences 1872
Business 1908
Extension 1910
Design 1914
Education 1920
Public Health 1922
Government 1936
Engineering and Applied Sciences 2007

Harvard is governed by a combination of its Board of Overseers and the President and Fellows of Harvard College (also known as the Harvard Corporation), which in turn appoints the President of Harvard University.[57]
There are 16,000 staff and faculty,[58]
including 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors.[59]

The Faculty of Arts and Sciences is the largest Harvard faculty and has primary responsibility for instruction in Harvard College, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and the Division of Continuing Education, which includes Harvard Summer School and Harvard Extension School. There are nine other graduate and professional faculties as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.

Joint programs with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology include the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, the Broad Institute, The Observatory of Economic Complexity, and edX.

Endowment

Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world, valued at about $50.9 billion as of 2022.[3][4]
During the recession of 2007–2009, it suffered significant losses that forced large budget cuts, in particular temporarily halting construction on the Allston Science Complex.[60]
The endowment has since recovered.[61][62][63][64]

About $2 billion of investment income is annually distributed to fund operations.[65]
Harvard’s ability to fund its degree and financial aid programs depends on the performance of its endowment; a poor performance in fiscal year 2016 forced a 4.4% cut in the number of graduate students funded by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.[66]
Endowment income is critical, as only 22% of revenue is from students’ tuition, fees, room, and board.[67]

Divestment

Since the 1970s, several student-led campaigns have advocated divesting Harvard’s endowment from controversial holdings, including investments in apartheid South Africa, Sudan during the Darfur genocide, and the tobacco, fossil fuel, and private prison industries.[68][69]

In the late 1980s, during the divestment from South Africa movement, student activists erected a symbolic «shantytown» on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.[70][71]
The university eventually reduced its South African holdings by $230 million (out of $400 million) in response to the pressure.[70][72]

Academics

Teaching and learning

Harvard is a large, highly residential research university[74]
offering 50 undergraduate majors,[75]
134 graduate degrees,[76]
and 32 professional degrees.[77]
During the 2018–2019 academic year, Harvard granted 1,665 baccalaureate degrees, 1,013 graduate degrees, and 5,695 professional degrees.[77]

The four-year, full-time undergraduate program has a liberal arts and sciences focus.[74][75]
To graduate in the usual four years, undergraduates normally take four courses per semester.[78]
In most majors, an honors degree requires advanced coursework and a senior thesis.[79]
Though some introductory courses have large enrollments, the median class size is 12 students.[80]

Research

Harvard is a founding member of the Association of American Universities[81] and a preeminent research university with «very high» research activity (R1) and comprehensive doctoral programs across the arts, sciences, engineering, and medicine according to the Carnegie Classification.[74]

With the medical school consistently ranking first among medical schools for research,[82] biomedical research is an area of particular strength for the university. More than 11,000 faculty and over 1,600 graduate students conduct research at the medical school as well as its 15 affiliated hospitals and research institutes.[83] The medical school and its affiliates attracted $1.65 billion in competitive research grants from the National Institutes of Health in 2019, more than twice as much as any other university.[84]

Libraries and museums

The Harvard Library system is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding about 20.4 million items.[15][16][18]
According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the world.[16][5]

Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America’s oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library

The Harvard Art Museums comprise three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum covers Asian, Mediterranean, and Islamic art, the Busch–Reisinger Museum (formerly the Germanic Museum) covers central and northern European art, and the Fogg Museum covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art. The Harvard Museum of Natural History includes the Harvard Mineralogical Museum, the Harvard University Herbaria featuring the Blaschka Glass Flowers exhibit, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Other museums include the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, designed by Le Corbusier and housing the film archive, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, specializing in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, and the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East featuring artifacts from excavations in the Middle East.

Reputation and rankings

Academic rankings
National
ARWU[85] 1
Forbes[86] 15
THE / WSJ[87] 1
U.S. News & World Report[88] 3
Washington Monthly[89] 6
Global
ARWU[90] 1
QS[91] 5
THE[92] 2
U.S. News & World Report[93] 1
National Graduate Rankings[94]
Program Ranking
Biological Sciences 4
Business 6
Chemistry 2
Clinical Psychology 10
Computer Science 16
Earth Sciences 8
Economics 1
Education 1
Engineering 22
English 8
History 4
Law 3
Mathematics 2
Medicine: Primary Care 10
Medicine: Research 1
Physics 3
Political Science 1
Psychology 3
Public Affairs 3
Public Health 2
Sociology 1
Global Subject Rankings[95]
Program Ranking
Agricultural Sciences 22
Arts & Humanities 2
Biology & Biochemistry 1
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 1
Chemistry 15
Clinical Medicine 1
Computer Science 47
Economics & Business 1
Electrical & Electronic Engineering 136
Engineering 27
Environment/Ecology 5
Geosciences 7
Immunology 1
Materials Science 7
Mathematics 12
Microbiology 1
Molecular Biology & Genetics 1
Neuroscience & Behavior 1
Oncology 1
Pharmacology & Toxicology 1
Physics 4
Plant & Animal Science 13
Psychiatry/Psychology 1
Social Sciences & Public Health 1
Space Science 2
Surgery 1

Among overall rankings, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) has ranked Harvard as the world’s top university every year since it was released.[96]
When QS and Times Higher Education collaborated to publish the Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings from 2004 to 2009, Harvard held the top spot every year and continued to hold first place on THE World Reputation Rankings ever since it was released in 2011.[97]
In 2019, it was ranked first worldwide by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[98] It was ranked in the first tier of American research universities, along with Columbia, MIT, and Stanford, in the 2019 report from the Center for Measuring University Performance.[99] Harvard University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[100]

Among rankings of specific indicators, Harvard topped both the University Ranking by Academic Performance (2019–2020) and Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities (2011), which measured universities’ numbers of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies.[101]
According to annual polls done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is consistently among the top two most commonly named dream colleges in the United States, both for students and parents.[102][103][104]
Additionally, having made significant investments in its engineering school in recent years, Harvard was ranked third worldwide for Engineering and Technology in 2019 by Times Higher Education.[105]

In international relations, Foreign Policy magazine ranks Harvard best in the world at the undergraduate level and second in the world at the graduate level, behind the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.[106]

School Founded Enrollment U.S. News & World Report
Harvard University 1636 31,345[107] 3[108]
Medicine 1782 660 1[109]
Divinity 1816 377 N/A
Law 1817 1,990 4[110]
Dental Medicine 1867 280 N/A
Arts and Sciences 1872 4,824 N/A
Business 1908 2,011 5[111]
Extension 1910 3,428 N/A
Design 1914 878 N/A
Education 1920 876 2[112]
Public Health 1922 1,412 3[111]
Government 1936 1,100 6[113]
Engineering 2007 1,750 21[114]

Student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022

Race and ethnicity[115] Total
White 36%
Asian 21%
Hispanic 12%
Foreign national 11%
Black 11%
Other[c] 9%
Economic diversity
Low-income[d] 18%
Affluent[e] 82%

Student life and activities are generally organized within each school.

Student government

The Undergraduate Council represents College students. The Graduate Council represents students at all twelve graduate and professional schools, most of which also have their own student government.[116]

Athletics

Both the undergraduate College and the graduate schools have intramural sports programs.

Harvard College competes in the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference. The school fields 42 intercollegiate sports teams, more than any other college in the country.[117] Every two years, the Harvard and Yale track and field teams come together to compete against a combined Oxford and Cambridge team in the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world.[118] As with other Ivy League universities, Harvard does not offer athletic scholarships.[119] The school color is crimson.

Harvard’s athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875.[120]

Harvard University Gazette

The Harvard Gazette, also called the Harvard University Gazette, is the official press organ of Harvard University. Formerly a print publication, it is now a web site. It publicizes research, faculty, teaching and events at the university. Initiated in 1906, it was originally a weekly calendar of news and events. In 1968 it became a weekly newspaper.

When the Gazette was a print publication, it was considered a good way of keeping up with Harvard news: «If weekly reading suits you best, the most comprehensive and authoritative medium is the Harvard University Gazette«.

In 2010, the Gazette «shifted from a print-first to a digital-first and mobile-first» publication, and reduced its publication calendar to biweekly, while keeping the same number of reporters, including some who had previously worked for the Boston Globe, Miami Herald, and the Associated Press.

Notable people

Alumni

Over more than three and a half centuries, Harvard alumni have contributed creatively and significantly to society, the arts and sciences, business, and national and international affairs. Harvard’s alumni include eight U.S. presidents, 188 living billionaires, 79 Nobel laureates, 7 Fields Medal winners, 9 Turing Award laureates, 369 Rhodes Scholars, 252 Marshall Scholars, and 13 Mitchell Scholars.[121][122][123][124] Harvard students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (including 46 gold medals), and they have founded many notable companies worldwide.[125][126]

  • Notable Harvard alumni include:

  • 2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[127]

    2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[127]

  • 26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[131]

    26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[131]

  • Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

    Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

  • Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

    Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

  • Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

    Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

  • 7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

    7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

  • 45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

    45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

  • 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

    11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

  • 14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

    14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

  • 17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

    17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

  • Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

    Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

  • 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

    8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

  • Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

    Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

  • 44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[137][138]

    44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[137][138]

  1. ^ a b Nominal Harvard College class year: did not graduate

Faculty

  • Notable present and past Harvard faculty include:

  • Louis Agassiz

  • Danielle Allen

  • Alan Dershowitz

  • Paul Farmer

  • Jason Furman

  • John Kenneth Galbraith

  • Henry Louis Gates Jr.

  • Asa Gray

  • Seamus Heaney

  • Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.

  • William James

  • Timothy Leary

  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

  • James Russell Lowell

  • Greg Mankiw

  • Steven Pinker

  • Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

  • Amartya Sen

  • B. F. Skinner

  • Lawrence Summers

  • Cass Sunstein

  • Elizabeth Warren

  • Cornel West

  • E. O. Wilson

  • Shing-Tung Yau

  • Robert Reich

Literature and popular culture

The perception of Harvard as a center of either elite achievement, or elitist privilege, has made it a frequent literary and cinematic backdrop. «In the grammar of film, Harvard has come to mean both tradition, and a certain amount of stuffiness,» film critic Paul Sherman has said.[139]

Literature

  • The Sound and the Fury (1929) and Absalom, Absalom! (1936) by William Faulkner both depict Harvard student life.[non-primary source needed]
  • Of Time and the River (1935) by Thomas Wolfe is a fictionalized autobiography that includes his alter ego’s time at Harvard.[non-primary source needed]
  • The Late George Apley (1937) by John P. Marquand parodies Harvard men at the opening of the 20th century;[non-primary source needed] it won the Pulitzer Prize.
  • The Second Happiest Day (1953) by John P. Marquand Jr. portrays the Harvard of the World War II generation.[140][141][142][143][144]

Film

Harvard permits filming on its property only rarely, so most scenes set at Harvard (especially indoor shots, but excepting aerial footage and shots of public areas such as Harvard Square) are in fact shot elsewhere.[145][146]

  • Love Story (1970) concerns a romance between a wealthy Harvard hockey player (Ryan O’Neal) and a brilliant Radcliffe student of modest means (Ali MacGraw): it is screened annually for incoming freshmen.[147][148][149]
  • The Paper Chase (1973)[150]
  • A Small Circle of Friends (1980)[145]
  • Prozac Nation (2001) is a psychological drama about a 19-year-old Harvard student with atypical depression.

See also

  • 2012 Harvard cheating scandal
  • Academic regalia of Harvard University
  • Gore Hall
  • Harvard College social clubs
  • Harvard University Police Department
  • Harvard University Press
  • Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society
  • I, Too, Am Harvard
  • List of Harvard University named chairs
  • List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Harvard University
  • List of oldest universities in continuous operation
  • Outline of Harvard University
  • Secret Court of 1920

Notes

  1. ^ Harvard’s influence, wealth and rankings have made it among the most prestigious universities in the world.
    1. Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard’s professional schools… won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. […] Harvard’s age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes.
    2. Spaulding, Christina (1989). «Sexual Shakedown». In Trumpbour, John (ed.). How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. pp. 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. … [Harvard’s] tremendous institutional power and prestige […] Within the nation’s (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning …
    3. David Altaner (March 9, 2011). «Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports». Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
    4. Collier’s Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world’s most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636.
    5. Newport, Frank (August 26, 2003). «Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place». Gallup. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
    6. Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2006). «Ending Early Admissions: Guess Who Wins?». The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020. The most prestigious college in the world, of course, is Harvard, and the gap between it and every other university is often underestimated.
    7. Hoerr, John (1997). We Can’t Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard. Temple University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781566395359.
    8. Wong, Alia (September 11, 2018). «At Private Colleges, Students Pay for Prestige». The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2020. Americans tend to think of colleges as falling somewhere on a vast hierarchy based largely on their status and brand recognition. At the top are the Harvards and the Stanfords, with their celebrated faculty, groundbreaking research, and perfectly manicured quads.

  2. ^ Universities all adopt different metrics to claim Nobel or other academic award affiliates, some generous while others conservative. The official Harvard count (around 40) only includes academicians affiliated at the time of winning the prize. Yet, the figure can be up to some 160 Nobel laureates, the most worldwide, if visitors and professors of various ranks are all included (the most generous criterium), as what some other universities do.
    • «50 (US) Universities with the Most Nobel Prize Winners». www.bestmastersprograms.org. February 25, 2021. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
    • Rachel Sugar (May 29, 2015). «Where MacArthur ‘Geniuses’ Went to College». businessinsider.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
    • «Top Producers». us.fulbrightonline.org. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
    • «Statistics». www.marshallscholarship.org. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
    • «US Rhodes Scholars Over Time». www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
    • «Harvard, Stanford, Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress». Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
    • «The complete list of Fields Medal winners». areppim AG. 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2015.

  3. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  4. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  5. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

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Bibliography

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  • Beecher, Henry K. and Altschule, Mark D. Medicine at Harvard: The First 300 Years (1977). 569 pp.
  • Bentinck-Smith, William, ed. The Harvard Book: Selections from Three Centuries (2d ed.1982). 499 pp.
  • Bethell, John T.; Hunt, Richard M.; and Shenton, Robert. Harvard A to Z (2004). 396 pp. excerpt and text search
  • Bethell, John T. Harvard Observed: An Illustrated History of the University in the Twentieth Century, Harvard University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-674-37733-8
  • Bunting, Bainbridge. Harvard: An Architectural History (1985). 350 pp.
  • Carpenter, Kenneth E. The First 350 Years of the Harvard University Library: Description of an Exhibition (1986). 216 pp.
  • Cuno, James et al. Harvard’s Art Museums: 100 Years of Collecting (1996). 364 pp.
  • Elliott, Clark A. and Rossiter, Margaret W., eds. Science at Harvard University: Historical Perspectives (1992). 380 pp.
  • Hall, Max. Harvard University Press: A History (1986). 257 pp.
  • Hay, Ida. Science in the Pleasure Ground: A History of the Arnold Arboretum (1995). 349 pp.
  • Hoerr, John, We Can’t Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard; Temple University Press, 1997, ISBN 1-56639-535-6
  • Howells, Dorothy Elia. A Century to Celebrate: Radcliffe College, 1879–1979 (1978). 152 pp.
  • Keller, Morton, and Phyllis Keller. Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University (2001), major history covers 1933 to 2002 online edition
  • Lewis, Harry R. Excellence Without a Soul: How a Great University Forgot Education (2006) ISBN 1-58648-393-5
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936 (1986) 512pp; excerpt and text search
  • Powell, Arthur G. The Uncertain Profession: Harvard and the Search for Educational Authority (1980). 341 pp.
  • Reid, Robert. Year One: An Intimate Look inside Harvard Business School (1994). 331 pp.
  • Rosovsky, Henry. The University: An Owner’s Manual (1991). 312 pp.
  • Rosovsky, Nitza. The Jewish Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe (1986). 108 pp.
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  • Sollors, Werner; Titcomb, Caldwell; and Underwood, Thomas A., eds. Blacks at Harvard: A Documentary History of African-American Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe (1993). 548 pp.
  • Trumpbour, John, ed., How Harvard Rules. Reason in the Service of Empire, Boston: South End Press, 1989, ISBN 0-89608-283-0
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  • Winsor, Mary P. Reading the Shape of Nature: Comparative Zoology at the Agassiz Museum (1991). 324 pp.
  • Wright, Conrad Edick. Revolutionary Generation: Harvard Men and the Consequences of Independence (2005). 298 pp.

External links

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Harvard University at College Navigator, a tool from the National Center for Education Statistics
Источник
Harvard University

Harvard shield wreath.svg

Coat of arms
Latin: Universitas Harvardiana

Former names

 Harvard College
Motto Veritas (Latin)[1]

Motto in English

 Truth
Type Private research university
Established 1636; 387 years ago[2]
Founder Massachusetts General Court
Accreditation NECHE

Academic affiliations
  • AAU
  • NAICU
  • AICUM
  • URA
  • Space-grant
Endowment $50.9 billion (2022)[3][4]
President Lawrence Bacow
Provost Alan Garber

Academic staff

 ~2,400 faculty members (and >10,400 academic appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals)[5]
Students 21,648 (Fall 2021)[6]
Undergraduates 7,153 (Fall 2021)[6]
Postgraduates 14,495 (Fall 2021)[6]
Location

Cambridge

,

Massachusetts

,

United States

42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°WCoordinates: 42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°W
Campus Midsize city[7], 209 acres (85 ha)
Newspaper The Harvard Crimson
Colors Crimson, white, and black[8]
     
Nickname Crimson

Sporting affiliations

 NCAA Division I FCS – Ivy League
Mascot John Harvard
Website harvard.edu Edit this at Wikidata
Logotype of Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious worldwide.[a]

Harvard’s founding was authorized by the Massachusetts colonial legislature, «dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches, when our present ministers shall lie in the dust»; though never formally affiliated with any denomination, in its early years Harvard College primarily trained Congregational clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century. By the 19th century, Harvard emerged as the most prominent academic and cultural institution among the Boston elite.[9][10] Following the American Civil War, under President Charles William Eliot’s long tenure (1869–1909), the college developed multiple affiliated professional schools that transformed the college into a modern research university. In 1900, Harvard co-founded the Association of American Universities.[11] James B. Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II, and liberalized admissions after the war.

The university is composed of ten academic faculties plus Harvard Radcliffe Institute. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate academic disciplines, and other faculties offer only graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three main campuses:[12]
the 209-acre (85 ha) Cambridge campus centered on Harvard Yard; an adjoining campus immediately across Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston; and the medical campus in Boston’s Longwood Medical Area.[13] Harvard’s endowment is valued at $50.9 billion, making it the wealthiest academic institution in the world.[3][4] Endowment income enables the undergraduate college to admit students regardless of financial need and provide generous financial aid with no loans.[14] Harvard Library is the world’s largest academic library system, comprising 79 individual libraries holding 20 million items.[15][16][17][18]

Throughout its existence, Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers have included numerous heads of state, Nobel laureates, Fields Medalists, members of Congress, MacArthur Fellows, Rhodes Scholars, Marshall Scholars, and Fulbright Scholars; by most metrics, Harvard ranks at the top, or near the top, of all universities globally in each of these categories.[b] Its alumni include eight U.S. presidents and 188 living billionaires, the most of any university. Fourteen Turing Award laureates have been Harvard affiliates. Students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 110 Olympic medals (46 gold), and they have founded many notable companies.

History

Colonial era

The Harvard Corporation seal found on Harvard diplomas. Christo et Ecclesiae («For Christ and Church») is one of Harvard’s several early mottoes.[19]

Harvard was established in 1636 in the colonial, pre-Revolutionary era by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, the university acquired British North America’s first known printing press.[20][21]

In 1639, it was named Harvard College after John Harvard, an English clergyman who had died soon after immigrating to Massachusetts, bequeathed it £780 and his library of some 320 volumes.[22] The charter creating Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.

A 1643 publication defined the university’s purpose: «to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.»[23] The college trained many Puritan ministers in its early years[24]
and offered a classic curriculum that was based on the English university model‍—‌many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge‍—‌but also conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. While Harvard never affiliated with any particular denomination, many of its earliest graduates went on to become Puritan clergymen.[25]

Increase Mather served as Harvard College’s president from 1681 to 1701. In 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, marking a turning of the college away from Puritanism and toward intellectual independence.[26]

19th century

In the 19th century, Enlightenment ideas of reason and free will were widespread among Congregational ministers, putting those ministers and their congregations at odds with more traditionalist, Calvinist parties.[27]: 1–4  When Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and President Joseph Willard died a year later, a struggle broke out over their replacements. Henry Ware was elected Hollis chair in 1805, and liberal Samuel Webber was appointed president two years later, signaling a shift from traditional ideas at Harvard to liberal, Arminian ideas.[27]: 4–5 [28]: 24 

Charles William Eliot, Harvard president from 1869–1909, eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. Though Eliot was an influential figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated more by Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions influenced by William Ellery Channing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and others of the time than by secularism.[29]

In 1816, Harvard launched new programs in the study of French and Spanish with George Ticknor as first professor for these language programs.

20th century

Richard Rummell’s 1906 watercolor landscape view, facing northeast.[30]

Harvard’s graduate schools began admitting women in small numbers in the late 19th century. During World War II, students at Radcliffe College (which, since its 1879 founding, had been paying Harvard professors to repeat their lectures for women) began attending Harvard classes alongside men.[31] In 1945, women were first admitted to the medical school.[32]
Since 1971, Harvard had controlled essentially all aspects of undergraduate admission, instruction, and housing for Radcliffe women; in 1999, Radcliffe was formally merged into Harvard.[33]

In the 20th century, Harvard’s reputation grew as its endowment burgeoned and prominent intellectuals and professors affiliated with the university. The university’s rapid enrollment growth also was a product of both the founding of new graduate academic programs and an expansion of the undergraduate college. Radcliffe College emerged as the female counterpart of Harvard College, becoming one of the most prominent schools for women in the United States. In 1900, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities.[11]

The student body in its first decades of the 20th century was predominantly «old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians,» according to sociologist and author Jerome Karabel.[34] In 1923, a year after the percentage of Jewish students at Harvard reached 20%, President A. Lawrence Lowell supported a policy change that would have capped the admission of Jewish students to 15% of the undergraduate population. But Lowell’s idea was rejected. Lowell also refused to mandate forced desegregation in the university’s freshman dormitories, writing that, «We owe to the colored man the same opportunities for education that we do to the white man, but we do not owe to him to force him and the white into social relations that are not, or may not be, mutually congenial.»[35][36][37][38]

President James B. Conant led the university from 1933 to 1953; Conant reinvigorated creative scholarship in an effort to guarantee Harvard’s preeminence among the nation and world’s emerging research institutions. Conant viewed higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy. As such, he devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth. An influential 268-page report issued by Harvard faculty in 1945 under Conant’s leadership, General Education in a Free Society, remains one the most important works in curriculum studies.[39]

Between 1945 and 1960, admissions standardized to open the university to a more diverse group of students; for example, after World War II, special exams were developed so veterans could be considered for admission.[40] No longer drawing mostly from select New England prep schools, the undergraduate college became accessible to striving middle class students from public schools; many more Jews and Catholics were admitted, but still few Blacks, Hispanics, or Asians versus the representation of these demoraphics in the general population.[41] Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, Harvard incrementally became vastly more diverse.[42]

21st century

Drew Gilpin Faust, who was dean of Harvard Radcliffe Institute, became Harvard’s first female president on July 1, 2007.[43] In 2018, Faust retired and joined the board of Goldman Sachs.

On July 1, 2018, Lawrence Bacow was appointed Harvard’s 29th president.[44] Bacow intends to retire in 2023, and on December 15, 2022, it was announced that Claudine Gay will succeed him.

Campuses

Cambridge

Harvard’s 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard («the Yard») in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of downtown Boston, and extends into the surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood. The Yard contains administrative offices such as University Hall and Massachusetts Hall; libraries such as Widener, Pusey, Houghton, and Lamont; and Memorial Church.

The Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, including the college, such as Sever Hall and Harvard Hall.

Freshman dormitories are in, or adjacent to, the Yard. Upperclassmen live in the twelve residential houses – nine south of the Yard near the Charles River, the others half a mile northwest of the Yard at the Radcliffe Quadrangle (which formerly housed Radcliffe College students). Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities.[45]

Also in Cambridge are the Law, Divinity (theology), Engineering and Applied Science, Design (architecture), Education, Kennedy (public policy), and Extension schools, as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Radcliffe Yard.[46]
Harvard also has commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge.[47][48]

Allston

Harvard Business School, Harvard Innovation Labs, and many athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus in Allston,[49]
a Boston neighborhood just across the Charles River from the Cambridge campus. The John W. Weeks Bridge, a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River, connects the two campuses.

The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge.[50]
Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities.[51]

In 2021, the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences will expand into a new, 500,000+ square foot Science and Engineering Complex (SEC) in Allston.[52]
The SEC will be adjacent to the Enterprise Research Campus, the Business School, and the Harvard Innovation Labs to encourage technology- and life science-focused startups as well as collaborations with mature companies.[53]

Longwood

The schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Public Health are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, about 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus.[13]
Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. Additional affiliates, most notably Massachusetts General Hospital, are located throughout the Greater Boston area.

Other

Harvard owns the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C., the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, the Concord Field Station in Estabrook Woods in Concord, Massachusetts,[54]
the Villa I Tatti research center in Florence, Italy,[55]
the Harvard Shanghai Center in Shanghai, China,[56]
and the Arnold Arboretum in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston.

Organization and administration

Governance

School Founded
Harvard College 1636
Medicine 1782
Divinity 1816
Law 1817
Dental Medicine 1867
Arts and Sciences 1872
Business 1908
Extension 1910
Design 1914
Education 1920
Public Health 1922
Government 1936
Engineering and Applied Sciences 2007

Harvard is governed by a combination of its Board of Overseers and the President and Fellows of Harvard College (also known as the Harvard Corporation), which in turn appoints the President of Harvard University.[57]
There are 16,000 staff and faculty,[58]
including 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors.[59]

The Faculty of Arts and Sciences is the largest Harvard faculty and has primary responsibility for instruction in Harvard College, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and the Division of Continuing Education, which includes Harvard Summer School and Harvard Extension School. There are nine other graduate and professional faculties as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.

Joint programs with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology include the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, the Broad Institute, The Observatory of Economic Complexity, and edX.

Endowment

Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world, valued at about $50.9 billion as of 2022.[3][4]
During the recession of 2007–2009, it suffered significant losses that forced large budget cuts, in particular temporarily halting construction on the Allston Science Complex.[60]
The endowment has since recovered.[61][62][63][64]

About $2 billion of investment income is annually distributed to fund operations.[65]
Harvard’s ability to fund its degree and financial aid programs depends on the performance of its endowment; a poor performance in fiscal year 2016 forced a 4.4% cut in the number of graduate students funded by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.[66]
Endowment income is critical, as only 22% of revenue is from students’ tuition, fees, room, and board.[67]

Divestment

Since the 1970s, several student-led campaigns have advocated divesting Harvard’s endowment from controversial holdings, including investments in apartheid South Africa, Sudan during the Darfur genocide, and the tobacco, fossil fuel, and private prison industries.[68][69]

In the late 1980s, during the divestment from South Africa movement, student activists erected a symbolic «shantytown» on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.[70][71]
The university eventually reduced its South African holdings by $230 million (out of $400 million) in response to the pressure.[70][72]

Academics

Teaching and learning

Harvard is a large, highly residential research university[74]
offering 50 undergraduate majors,[75]
134 graduate degrees,[76]
and 32 professional degrees.[77]
During the 2018–2019 academic year, Harvard granted 1,665 baccalaureate degrees, 1,013 graduate degrees, and 5,695 professional degrees.[77]

The four-year, full-time undergraduate program has a liberal arts and sciences focus.[74][75]
To graduate in the usual four years, undergraduates normally take four courses per semester.[78]
In most majors, an honors degree requires advanced coursework and a senior thesis.[79]
Though some introductory courses have large enrollments, the median class size is 12 students.[80]

Research

Harvard is a founding member of the Association of American Universities[81] and a preeminent research university with «very high» research activity (R1) and comprehensive doctoral programs across the arts, sciences, engineering, and medicine according to the Carnegie Classification.[74]

With the medical school consistently ranking first among medical schools for research,[82] biomedical research is an area of particular strength for the university. More than 11,000 faculty and over 1,600 graduate students conduct research at the medical school as well as its 15 affiliated hospitals and research institutes.[83] The medical school and its affiliates attracted $1.65 billion in competitive research grants from the National Institutes of Health in 2019, more than twice as much as any other university.[84]

Libraries and museums

The Harvard Library system is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding about 20.4 million items.[15][16][18]
According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the world.[16][5]

Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America’s oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library

The Harvard Art Museums comprise three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum covers Asian, Mediterranean, and Islamic art, the Busch–Reisinger Museum (formerly the Germanic Museum) covers central and northern European art, and the Fogg Museum covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art. The Harvard Museum of Natural History includes the Harvard Mineralogical Museum, the Harvard University Herbaria featuring the Blaschka Glass Flowers exhibit, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Other museums include the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, designed by Le Corbusier and housing the film archive, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, specializing in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, and the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East featuring artifacts from excavations in the Middle East.

Reputation and rankings

Academic rankings
National
ARWU[85] 1
Forbes[86] 15
THE / WSJ[87] 1
U.S. News & World Report[88] 3
Washington Monthly[89] 6
Global
ARWU[90] 1
QS[91] 5
THE[92] 2
U.S. News & World Report[93] 1
National Graduate Rankings[94]
Program Ranking
Biological Sciences 4
Business 6
Chemistry 2
Clinical Psychology 10
Computer Science 16
Earth Sciences 8
Economics 1
Education 1
Engineering 22
English 8
History 4
Law 3
Mathematics 2
Medicine: Primary Care 10
Medicine: Research 1
Physics 3
Political Science 1
Psychology 3
Public Affairs 3
Public Health 2
Sociology 1
Global Subject Rankings[95]
Program Ranking
Agricultural Sciences 22
Arts & Humanities 2
Biology & Biochemistry 1
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 1
Chemistry 15
Clinical Medicine 1
Computer Science 47
Economics & Business 1
Electrical & Electronic Engineering 136
Engineering 27
Environment/Ecology 5
Geosciences 7
Immunology 1
Materials Science 7
Mathematics 12
Microbiology 1
Molecular Biology & Genetics 1
Neuroscience & Behavior 1
Oncology 1
Pharmacology & Toxicology 1
Physics 4
Plant & Animal Science 13
Psychiatry/Psychology 1
Social Sciences & Public Health 1
Space Science 2
Surgery 1

Among overall rankings, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) has ranked Harvard as the world’s top university every year since it was released.[96]
When QS and Times Higher Education collaborated to publish the Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings from 2004 to 2009, Harvard held the top spot every year and continued to hold first place on THE World Reputation Rankings ever since it was released in 2011.[97]
In 2019, it was ranked first worldwide by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[98] It was ranked in the first tier of American research universities, along with Columbia, MIT, and Stanford, in the 2019 report from the Center for Measuring University Performance.[99] Harvard University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[100]

Among rankings of specific indicators, Harvard topped both the University Ranking by Academic Performance (2019–2020) and Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities (2011), which measured universities’ numbers of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies.[101]
According to annual polls done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is consistently among the top two most commonly named dream colleges in the United States, both for students and parents.[102][103][104]
Additionally, having made significant investments in its engineering school in recent years, Harvard was ranked third worldwide for Engineering and Technology in 2019 by Times Higher Education.[105]

In international relations, Foreign Policy magazine ranks Harvard best in the world at the undergraduate level and second in the world at the graduate level, behind the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.[106]

School Founded Enrollment U.S. News & World Report
Harvard University 1636 31,345[107] 3[108]
Medicine 1782 660 1[109]
Divinity 1816 377 N/A
Law 1817 1,990 4[110]
Dental Medicine 1867 280 N/A
Arts and Sciences 1872 4,824 N/A
Business 1908 2,011 5[111]
Extension 1910 3,428 N/A
Design 1914 878 N/A
Education 1920 876 2[112]
Public Health 1922 1,412 3[111]
Government 1936 1,100 6[113]
Engineering 2007 1,750 21[114]

Student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022

Race and ethnicity[115] Total
White 36%
Asian 21%
Hispanic 12%
Foreign national 11%
Black 11%
Other[c] 9%
Economic diversity
Low-income[d] 18%
Affluent[e] 82%

Student life and activities are generally organized within each school.

Student government

The Undergraduate Council represents College students. The Graduate Council represents students at all twelve graduate and professional schools, most of which also have their own student government.[116]

Athletics

Both the undergraduate College and the graduate schools have intramural sports programs.

Harvard College competes in the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference. The school fields 42 intercollegiate sports teams, more than any other college in the country.[117] Every two years, the Harvard and Yale track and field teams come together to compete against a combined Oxford and Cambridge team in the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world.[118] As with other Ivy League universities, Harvard does not offer athletic scholarships.[119] The school color is crimson.

Harvard’s athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875.[120]

Harvard University Gazette

The Harvard Gazette, also called the Harvard University Gazette, is the official press organ of Harvard University. Formerly a print publication, it is now a web site. It publicizes research, faculty, teaching and events at the university. Initiated in 1906, it was originally a weekly calendar of news and events. In 1968 it became a weekly newspaper.

When the Gazette was a print publication, it was considered a good way of keeping up with Harvard news: «If weekly reading suits you best, the most comprehensive and authoritative medium is the Harvard University Gazette«.

In 2010, the Gazette «shifted from a print-first to a digital-first and mobile-first» publication, and reduced its publication calendar to biweekly, while keeping the same number of reporters, including some who had previously worked for the Boston Globe, Miami Herald, and the Associated Press.

Notable people

Alumni

Over more than three and a half centuries, Harvard alumni have contributed creatively and significantly to society, the arts and sciences, business, and national and international affairs. Harvard’s alumni include eight U.S. presidents, 188 living billionaires, 79 Nobel laureates, 7 Fields Medal winners, 9 Turing Award laureates, 369 Rhodes Scholars, 252 Marshall Scholars, and 13 Mitchell Scholars.[121][122][123][124] Harvard students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (including 46 gold medals), and they have founded many notable companies worldwide.[125][126]

  • Notable Harvard alumni include:

  • 2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[127]

    2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[127]

  • 26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[131]

    26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[131]

  • Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

    Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

  • Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

    Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

  • Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

    Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

  • 7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

    7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

  • 45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

    45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

  • 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

    11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

  • 14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

    14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

  • 17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

    17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

  • Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

    Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

  • 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

    8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

  • Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

    Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

  • 44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[137][138]

    44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[137][138]

  1. ^ a b Nominal Harvard College class year: did not graduate

Faculty

  • Notable present and past Harvard faculty include:

  • Louis Agassiz

  • Danielle Allen

  • Alan Dershowitz

  • Paul Farmer

  • Jason Furman

  • John Kenneth Galbraith

  • Henry Louis Gates Jr.

  • Asa Gray

  • Seamus Heaney

  • Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.

  • William James

  • Timothy Leary

  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

  • James Russell Lowell

  • Greg Mankiw

  • Steven Pinker

  • Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

  • Amartya Sen

  • B. F. Skinner

  • Lawrence Summers

  • Cass Sunstein

  • Elizabeth Warren

  • Cornel West

  • E. O. Wilson

  • Shing-Tung Yau

  • Robert Reich

Literature and popular culture

The perception of Harvard as a center of either elite achievement, or elitist privilege, has made it a frequent literary and cinematic backdrop. «In the grammar of film, Harvard has come to mean both tradition, and a certain amount of stuffiness,» film critic Paul Sherman has said.[139]

Literature

  • The Sound and the Fury (1929) and Absalom, Absalom! (1936) by William Faulkner both depict Harvard student life.[non-primary source needed]
  • Of Time and the River (1935) by Thomas Wolfe is a fictionalized autobiography that includes his alter ego’s time at Harvard.[non-primary source needed]
  • The Late George Apley (1937) by John P. Marquand parodies Harvard men at the opening of the 20th century;[non-primary source needed] it won the Pulitzer Prize.
  • The Second Happiest Day (1953) by John P. Marquand Jr. portrays the Harvard of the World War II generation.[140][141][142][143][144]

Film

Harvard permits filming on its property only rarely, so most scenes set at Harvard (especially indoor shots, but excepting aerial footage and shots of public areas such as Harvard Square) are in fact shot elsewhere.[145][146]

  • Love Story (1970) concerns a romance between a wealthy Harvard hockey player (Ryan O’Neal) and a brilliant Radcliffe student of modest means (Ali MacGraw): it is screened annually for incoming freshmen.[147][148][149]
  • The Paper Chase (1973)[150]
  • A Small Circle of Friends (1980)[145]
  • Prozac Nation (2001) is a psychological drama about a 19-year-old Harvard student with atypical depression.

See also

  • 2012 Harvard cheating scandal
  • Academic regalia of Harvard University
  • Gore Hall
  • Harvard College social clubs
  • Harvard University Police Department
  • Harvard University Press
  • Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society
  • I, Too, Am Harvard
  • List of Harvard University named chairs
  • List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Harvard University
  • List of oldest universities in continuous operation
  • Outline of Harvard University
  • Secret Court of 1920

Notes

  1. ^ Harvard’s influence, wealth and rankings have made it among the most prestigious universities in the world.
    1. Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard’s professional schools… won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. […] Harvard’s age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes.
    2. Spaulding, Christina (1989). «Sexual Shakedown». In Trumpbour, John (ed.). How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. pp. 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. … [Harvard’s] tremendous institutional power and prestige […] Within the nation’s (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning …
    3. David Altaner (March 9, 2011). «Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports». Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
    4. Collier’s Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world’s most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636.
    5. Newport, Frank (August 26, 2003). «Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place». Gallup. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
    6. Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2006). «Ending Early Admissions: Guess Who Wins?». The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020. The most prestigious college in the world, of course, is Harvard, and the gap between it and every other university is often underestimated.
    7. Hoerr, John (1997). We Can’t Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard. Temple University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781566395359.
    8. Wong, Alia (September 11, 2018). «At Private Colleges, Students Pay for Prestige». The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2020. Americans tend to think of colleges as falling somewhere on a vast hierarchy based largely on their status and brand recognition. At the top are the Harvards and the Stanfords, with their celebrated faculty, groundbreaking research, and perfectly manicured quads.

  2. ^ Universities all adopt different metrics to claim Nobel or other academic award affiliates, some generous while others conservative. The official Harvard count (around 40) only includes academicians affiliated at the time of winning the prize. Yet, the figure can be up to some 160 Nobel laureates, the most worldwide, if visitors and professors of various ranks are all included (the most generous criterium), as what some other universities do.
    • «50 (US) Universities with the Most Nobel Prize Winners». www.bestmastersprograms.org. February 25, 2021. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
    • Rachel Sugar (May 29, 2015). «Where MacArthur ‘Geniuses’ Went to College». businessinsider.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
    • «Top Producers». us.fulbrightonline.org. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
    • «Statistics». www.marshallscholarship.org. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
    • «US Rhodes Scholars Over Time». www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
    • «Harvard, Stanford, Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress». Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
    • «The complete list of Fields Medal winners». areppim AG. 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2015.

  3. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  4. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  5. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

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Bibliography

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External links

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Harvard University at College Navigator, a tool from the National Center for Education Statistics
Источник

История Гарвардского университета

Гарвард носит статус самого старого университета Соединенных Штатов, вуз был основан в 1636 году. Учебное заведение назвали в честь филантропа и мецената Джона Гарварда, завещавшего университету свою библиотеку и часть имущества. Интересно, что еще в 1643 году в Гарварде был создан фонд для поддержки разработок и научных исследований — один из первых в мире. Если в XVII веке здесь в основном преподавали богословские науки, то уже к середине XVIII века вектор обучения сместился в сторону светских наук.
В XIX веке учебное заведение обзавелось фирменным багровым цветом, когда представители Гарварда надели на регату темно-красные платки, чтобы их было лучше видно. С тех пор багровый является неизменным символом Гарварда. В начале XX века колледж сменил свой статус на университетский.

Гарвардский Университет — Harvard University — один из самых известных и старейших университетов США, выпускники которого становятся представителями политической и научной элиты всего мира. Университет расположился в научном городке под названием Кембридж, который находится в штате Массачусетс. Гарвард входит в ассоциацию 8-ми частных университетов США — «Лигу Плюща», которая знаменита своей элитарностью и высокими стандартами образования.

Преимущества Гарвардского университета

  • Студенческий кампус. Главный кампус Гарвардского университета расположился на 85 гектарах земли. Здесь находятся учебные корпусы, библиотеки, спортивные учреждения, а также общежития для учащихся первого курса. Остальные студенческие резиденции находятся неподалеку, на живописном побережье реки Чарльз. Гарвардская школа бизнеса и Гарвардский стадион находятся в бостонском районе Аллстон на 145 гектарах.
  • Высокое финансирование. Гарвард обладает самым крупным эндаументом (целевой капитал некоммерческой организации) в мире. Его размер в 2019 году составил 40,9 миллиардов USD [1]. Кроме того, по сравнению с другими престижными вузами, именно выпускники Гарварда чаще становятся миллиардерами.
  • Музейное богатство. Гарвардский университет располагает несколькими собственными музеями с богатейшими коллекциями. Художественный музей включает в себя музей Фогга, Музей Буша-Райзингера, Музей Саклера с собраниями работ импрессионистов, прерафаэлитов, экспрессионистов, а также с коллекциями произведений искусств Востока. Гарвардский музей естественной истории включает Минералогический музей, Музей сравнительной зоологии, Ботанический музей. Здесь также работает Центр изобразительных искусств, построенный по проекту архитектора Ле Корбюзье, Музей археологии и этнологии, Музей семитской культуры.
  • Уникальные траектории обучения. Студенты Гарвардского колледжа имеют возможность не только выбирать основную и дополнительную специализации (характерные для американских университетов major и minor), но и создавать собственный учебный план с целью исследования какой-либо междисциплинарной области. В совокупности с сильной общеобразовательной базой это позволяет выпускникам Гарварда одновременно быть специалистами широкого и узкого профиля.
  • Материальная помощь. Harvard University, вопреки многим стереотипам, является даже более доступным в финансовом плане, чем многие менее известные американские и европейские университеты. Прием здесь осуществляется согласно двум принципам: need-blind admissions (финансовое положение аппликанта никак не влияет на процесс отбора) и 100% need-based aid (материальная поддержка обеспечивается абсолютно всем нуждающимся). Если годовой доход семьи меньше 65 000 USD, то студенту предоставляется стипендия, покрывающая все расходы на обучение, проживание и прочие расходы.

Недостатки Гарвардского университета

  • Высокий конкурс. Как и для любого вуза “Лиги Плюща”, для Гарварда характерна высокая селективность. Ежегодно приемная комиссия получает свыше 40 тысяч заявок. До этапа зачисления доходят лишь около 4%. В процессе отбора приемная комиссия принимает во внимание все: средний балл абитуриента, результаты стандартизированных тестов, рекомендательные письма и особенно мотивационное письмо.
  • Сложность поступления в медицинскую школу. Для большинства магистерских и докторских программ основным требованием является наличие степени бакалавра по релевантному направлению. В случае с медицинской школой бакалавриат должен быть естественно-научного профиля (биологические и физические науки), а также включать в себя большой набор обязательных курсов[2]. Более того, иностранным аппликантам необходимо иметь за плечами минимум год обучения в аккредитованном вузе Канады или США.

Поступление с UniPage

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Рейтинг  
1
 
1
Страна США
Город Кембридж

Бакалавр (граждане)

Уточняйте актуальную стоимость на официальном сайте университета

от  7 918 USD/год

до  52 645 USD/год

Магистр (граждане)

Уточняйте актуальную стоимость на официальном сайте университета

от  7 748 USD/год

до  73 420 USD/год

Бакалавр (иностранцы)

Уточняйте актуальную стоимость на официальном сайте университета

от  7 918 USD/год

до  52 645 USD/год

Магистр (иностранцы)

Уточняйте актуальную стоимость на официальном сайте университета

от  7 748 USD/год

до  73 420 USD/год
Расходы на жизнь

$859 -1 425 USD/месяц

Процент зачисления 5.01%
Официальный сайт www.harvard.edu

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Общая информация

Финансовый тип Некоммерческий
Организац. тип Частный
Основан 1636
Аббревиатура HU
Учителя 4,646
Студенты 27,963
Иностранцы 21%
Религия Нет
Учеб. календарь Семестры
Зачисление На основе оценок и экзаменов
Гендерные ограничения Без ограничений
Универ. городок В городе
Общежитие Есть
Финансовая помощь Есть
Программы обмена Есть
Библиотека Есть
Аккредитация
• New England Commission on Higher Education
Членство
• Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI)
• Association of American Universities (AAU)
• Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA). Sport affiliations and memberships: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
• The Ivy League

Рейтинги

Международный рейтинг 1
Рейтинг в стране 1
Академическая репутация 1
Репутация работодателей 3
Качество преподавания 40
Интернационализация преподавателей 45
Интернационализация студентов 154
Индекс цитирования 8
Рейтинг в мире по сферам
Искусство и Гуманитарные науки 2
Инженерное дело и технологии 10
Науки о жизни и медицина 1
Естественные науки 2
Социальные науки и менеджмент 1
Рейтинг в мире по дисциплинам
Математика 3
Физика 3
Химия 2
Информатика 4
Экономика и бизнес 1
Международные рейтинги
UniPage World University Ranking 1
QS World University Rankings 2
ARWU Academic Ranking 1

Объект на карте

Стоимость обучения в Гарвардском университете

Тип обучения Возраст Продолж. Сред. стоимость/год
Бакалавриат 17+ 4 года 49 653 USDфиксированная стоимость для всех программ
Магистратура 20+ 1-2 года

47 600 USD
Докторантура 21+ 3 года 44 420 USD

Обучение в Гарвардском колледже для бакалавров имеет фиксированную стоимость в размере 49 653 USD в год. Что касается graduate schools, сумма может составлять от 29728 до 73 440 USD в год, при этом отдельные школы устанавливают меньшую стоимость, начиная со 2-3 года обучения.

Несмотря на крайне высокие цены, стоит учитывать, что в Гарварде существует большое количество доступных стипендий и грантов, а 70% учащихся получают финансовую помощь. Всему причиной политика вуза, который делает все возможное, чтобы талантливые студенты имели возможность получить желаемое образование.

Магистратура

Программа Школа Степень Продолж.full-time Стоимость/год
Business Administration Школа бизнеса MBA 2 года 73 440 USD
Divinity, Theological Studies Школа богословия MDiv / MTS 2-3 года 29 728 USD
Juris Doctorate Школа права JD 3 года 68 150 USD
Master of Laws Школа права LLM 1 год 65 875 USD
Immunology, Medical Education, Clinical Investigation, Global Health Delivery Медицинская школа Master’s 2 года 42 025 USD
Biomedical Informatics, Healthcare Quality and Safety, Clinical Service Operations, Bioethics Медицинская школа Master’s 2 года1 год для Clinical Service Operations 52 531 USD
Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning Высшая школа дизайна MArch / MLA / MUP 2-3.5 года 51 620 USD
Anthropology, Middle Eastern Studies, Music Высшая школа искусств и наук AMMaster of Arts 1-2 года 48 008 USD
Computational Science and Engineering Высшая школа искусств и наук SMMAster of Science / MEMaster of Engineering 2 года 54 880 USD / 54 880 USD (1-й год), 27 740 USD (2-й год)
Arts in Education, Education Policy and Management, Higher Education, Language and Literacy, Mind, Brain, and Education, School Leadership Высшая школа педагогических наук EdM 1 год 51 904 USD
Public Policy, Public Administration Школа Кеннеди MPP / MPA 2 года 51 432 USD
Public Health, Epidemiologypart-time (on-camous + online + in the field), Health Care Managementpart-time Школа общественного здравоохранения MPH / MHCM 1-2 года 35 580-64 998 USD[3]

*Полный список программ и актуальные цены указаны на сайтах школ

Докторантура

Программа Школа Степень Продолж.full-time Стоимость/год
Business Economics, Business Administration, Health Policy Management, Organizational Behavior Школа бизнеса PhD 5 лет 43 000 USD
Doctor of Judicial Sciences Школа права SJD 4 года 65 875 USD
Medicine Медицинская школа MD 5 лет 64 984 USD
Dental Medicine Школа стоматологии DMD 4 года 64 984 USD
Design Высшая школа дизайна DDes 3 года 51 620 USD
Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Architectural Technology Высшая школа дизайна PhD 2+ года 51 620 USD
Physics, Mathematics, Psychology, Political Science, Statistics, Economics, Education, English, History, Music Высшая школа искусств и наук PhD 4-6 лет 48 008 USD (1-2 год), 12 484 USD (3+ год)
Education Leadership Высшая школа педагогических наук EdLD 3 года 51 904 USD
Education Высшая школа педагогических наук PhD 5 лет 51 904 USD
Political Economy and Government, Public Policy Школа Кеннеди PhD 5 лет 48 008 USD (1-2 год), 12 484 USD (3+ год)
Public Health Школа общественного здравоохранения DrPH 3-4 года 49 020 USD (1-2 год), 24 520 USD (3 год), 6 132 USD (4+ год)
Biological Sciences in Public Health, Biostatistics, Health Policy, Population Health Sciences Школа общественного здравоохранения PhD 5 лет 49 020 USD (1-2 год), 24 520 USD (3 год), 6 132 USD (4+ год)

*Полный список программ и актуальные цены указаны на сайтах школ

Дополнительные расходы

Статья расходов Гарвард-колледж[4] Школа права[5] Мед. школа[6] Бизнес школа[7]
Год обученияакадемический год — 9 месяцев 49 653 USD 68 150 USD 64 984 USD 73 440 USD
Общежитие / Питание + личные расходы 11 364 USD / 7 025 USD + 2 500 USDвключая 800-1 200 USD на книги 26 438 USD 11 065 USD / 5 280 USD + 4 675 USD 14 130 USD / 15 820 USD
Учебные материалы 1 000 USD 1 400 USD 2 915 USD 2 550 USD
Сборы университета 4 349 USD 2 890 USD 2 039 USD 1 240 USD
Медицинская страховка 3 922 USD 3 922 USD 3 922 USD 3 922 USD
Расходы на транспорт 1 500 USD 1 650 USD 2 200 USD —
Итого в год 81 813 USD 102 800 USD 97 080 USD 111 102 USD

Факультеты Гарвардского университета

Гарвардский университет является сильнейшим образовательным и исследовательским центром, который в равной степени преуспел в преподавании гуманитарных, естественных и технических наук.

Всего в Гарварде насчитывается 11 академических подразделений — 10 факультетов и Рэдклиффский институт перспективных исследований (Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study).

Самое крупное подразделение — Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS). Это единственный факультет, который предлагает обучение на двух уровнях подготовки — undergraduate и graduate. В рамках FAS свою деятельность реализуют:

  • Гарвард-колледж для бакалавров;
  • Высшая школа наук и искусств (GSAS) для магистров и докторантов;
  • Школа инженерных и прикладных наук (вручает степени от имени колледжа и GSAS);
  • Отделение непрерывного образования (включает Гарвардскую летнюю школу и Школу расширенного образования).

Остальные факультеты и соответствующие им школы дизайна, педагогических наук, медицины, стоматологии, богословия, права преподают только на уровне магистратуры и докторантуры. Широко известна Гарвардская школа бизнеса, в которой студенты могут получить степень MBA или степень доктора наук в области бизнеса. Почетное место занимают Школа управления им. Джона Ф. Кеннеди и Гарвардская школа общественного здравоохранения им. Тана Х. Чана.

К самым популярным направлениям Harvard University относятся медицина, экономика, бизнес, право и политология.

Школы и колледжи Гарварда по дате основания

Обустройство Гарвардского университета

Основной кампус Гарвардского университета расположен в городе Кембридж, штат Массачусетс, в «Гарвардском парке» (Harvard yard). Здесь находятся административные здания, некоторые библиотеки и учебные корпуса, большинство общежитий первокурсников (freshman dormitories). Студенты второго и последующих годов обучения проживают в так называемых “домах” (residential houses) неподалеку, каждый из которых представляет собой больше, чем место жительства. Здесь проходят отдельные мастер-классы и семинары, различные культурные и развлекательные мероприятия, студенты имеют возможность общаться с преподавателями в неформальной обстановке, например, за обедом в общей столовой[8].

В Гарварде можно найти уникальные образовательные ресурсы. The Harvard Library — крупнейшая академическая библиотека в мире — насчитывает более 20 миллионов томов, 180000 периодических изданий, 400 миллионов манускрипов, 10 миллионов фотографий и более 5 терабайтов оцифрованных архивов. Все это — в рамках почти 80 филиалов библиотеки, которые доступны каждому студенту вуза.

При Гарвардском университете также открыто множество всемирно известных музеев, охватывающих более 28 миллионов произведений искусства, артефактов, уникальных образцов и материалов. Здесь находятся Музей археологии и этнологии Пибоди, Гарвардский музей естественной истории, Гарвардский художественный музей. Многие коллекции имеют ключевое значение в научно-исследовательской деятельности университета.

В 2008 году Гарвард также запустил программу Common Spaces Program, целью которой является укрепление связей академического сообщества. В рамках этой инициативы создаются новые и совершенствуются уже существующие пространства для взаимодействия студентов и преподавателей.

Стоимость и условия проживания для студентов Гарвардского университета

Система размещения Гарварда создана с целью создания максимально комфортных условий взаимодействия и социализации на протяжении всех четырех лет бакалавриата. Первокурсники поселяются в одном из четырех общежитий, названных Yards, и обедают в исторической столовой Annenberg Hall. Как правило, студенты проживают в блоках (suites), каждый из которых состоит из 2-4 комнат, зоны отдыха и одной или нескольких ванных комнат, в общей сложности рассчитанных на 3-6 человек. Одноместных комнат довольно мало. Интересно, что внутри каждого общежития студенты объединяются в entryways по 20-40 человек, в зависимости от этажа или секции проживания. У каждой такой группы есть свой наставник (first-year proctor), оказывающий всю необходимую поддержку недавно поступившим студентам.
По окончании первого года первокурсники самостоятельно формируют небольшие группы, которые затем распределяются в 12 домов (Houses), вмещающих по 350-500 студентов. Каждый обладает уникальной атмосферой и инфраструктурой, в том числе здесь находятся библиотеки, студии, креативные пространства, бары и многое другое. Начиная со 2 года, студенты имеют право переезжать в собственное или съемное жилье, но более 97% предпочитают оставаться в кампусе на время всего бакалавриата.
Для магистрантов и докторантов предусмотрены отдельные для каждой школы Residence Halls. При необходимости студенты могут воспользоваться услугами по подбору жилья вне кампуса из находящейся в ведении университета недвижимости. Для этого необходимо обратиться в специальный департамент университета Harvard University Housing.
Стоимость проживания для студентов-бакалавров составляет примерно 11 000 USD/год, для студентов последующих ступеней сумма во многом зависит от выбранного варианта размещения и может варьироваться от 7 000 USD до 20 000 USD в год (9 месяцев обучения). Точные цены стоит проверять на сайтах школ.

Процесс поступления в Гарвардский университет

В Harvard University принимают с 17 лет. Приемная комиссия обязательно обращает внимание на средний балл выпускника (фактически минимальное требование не установлено, но большинство поступивших имеют GPA более 3.8/4.0). Дополнительными преимуществами могут стать лидерские качества, общественная активность и участие в волонтерских проектах.

Этапы поступления на бакалавриат Гарварда — Undergraduate

На уровне бакалавриата Гарвардский университет организует единый прием в Harvard College, не делая различий между академическими программами и не устанавливая квоты на те или иные академические направления. Выбор специальности проходит позднее уже во время учебы в университете.

Процесс поступления включает в себя следующие этапы:

  1. Сдача экзаменов SAT/ACT (обязательно) и TOEFL (по желанию);
  2. Подготовка документов, в том числе мотивационного письма;
  3. Оплата регистрационного взноса (75 USD) или запрос на освобождение от него (a fee waiver request);
  4. Подача заявки Common Application, Coalition Application или Universal College Application;
  5. Отслеживание заявки и загрузка недостающих документов на сайте Applicant Portal до одного из двух дедлайнов (ранние заявки — Early Action, в общем порядке — Regular Decision);
  6. Прохождение интервью (наличие данного этапа зависит от местоположения кандидата: зачастую в стране/регионе может отсутствовать представитель Гарварда, однако это никак не должно сказаться на финальном решении[9]);
  7. Получение решения комиссии вместе с информацией о финансовой помощи;
  8. Подтверждение намерения учиться в Гарварде;
  9. Отправка финального отчета с транскриптом оценок;
  10. Оформление студенческой визы.

Календарь поступления на бакалавриат Гарвардского университета

Подача заявок осуществляется в 2 захода, но только один раз в году. Дедлайны не меняются на протяжении долгого времени.

Этап Ранние заявкиearly action В общем порядкеregular deсision
Сдача экзаменов (за год до начала учебы) март — сентябрь март — ноябрь
Дедлайн 1 ноября 1 января
Решение комиссии середина декабря конец марта
Решение студента до 1 мая до 1 мая
Финальный отчет из школы до 1 июля до 1 июля
Начало занятий сентябрь сентябрь

* Актуальные даты необходимо проверять на сайте вуза

Документы для поступления на бакалавриат Гарвардского университета

  • Заявка (Common Application, Coalition Application или Universal College Application);
  • Дополнения к заявке (Harvard Questions или Harvard supplement);
  • Результаты стандартизированного теста SAT или ACT;
  • Результаты двух предметных тестов — SAT Subject Tests (рекомендуется, кроме случаев, когда сдача экзаменов представляет финансовую трудность);
  • Промежуточный отчет из школы с транскриптом оценок после первого полугодия (только для Regular Decision);
  • Финальный отчет из школы с транскриптом оценок (для уже выпустившихся из школы на момент подачи документов — до 1 ноября/января; для всех принятых в Гарвард — до 1 июля);
  • Две рекомендации от школьных преподавателей (teacher reports);
  • Результаты прочих экзаменов — AP, IB и др. (по желанию);
  • Сертификат TOEFL (по желанию);
  • Дополнительные материалы и достижения (по желанию).

Все документы должны быть переведены на английский язык. Однако для этого не обязательно обращаться к профессиональному переводчику. Вполне допустимо предоставить переводы, выполненные преподавателем английского языка. Переводы в обязательном порядке содержат имя переводчика и его связь со студентом. Дополнительно предоставляются копии оригиналов.

Статистика поступления в Гарвардский колледж

Общее число абитуриентовВсего заявок в 2019 году 43330
Приняты (получили приглашение) 2009 (4.6 %)
Зачислены (приняли приглашение) 1650 (3.8%)
Из них иностранцев 13%
Приняты из листа ожидания 65
Получают финансовую помощь 55%

Статистика сдачи SAT / ACT студентами Гарварда

Часть экзамена SAT Средний балл (25%-75%)25th and 75th percentiles
Чтение и письмо (ERWEvidence-Based Reading and Writing) [720, 780]
Математика [740, 780]
Часть экзамена ACT Средний балл (25%-75%)25th and 75th percentiles
Английский [34, 36]
Математика [31, 35]
Общий балл [33, 35]

Магистратура и докторантура в Гарварде — Graduate programs

В отличие от бакалавриата, процесс поступления в магистратуру и докторантуру Гарварда достаточно разрознен. К ключевым этапам относятся:

  1. Выбор подходящей программы на сайте университета;
  2. Сдача стандартизированных тестов и языкового экзамена;
  3. Подготовка документов: сбор рекомендательных писем, написание мотивационного письма и т.д.;
  4. Заполнение онлайн-заявки (форма индивидуальна для каждой школы и размещена на соответствующем сайте);
  5. Оплата организационного взноса (80-105 USD в зависимости от школы);
  6. Прохождение интервью и иногда отправка в течение 24 часов письменного отчета-размышления по его итогам;
  7. Получение решения комиссии вместе с информацией о финансовой помощи;
  8. Подтверждение намерения учиться в Гарварде;
  9. Оформление студенческой визы.

Календарь поступления в магистратуру/докторантуру Гарварда

Каждая школа самостоятельно определяет дедлайны подачи заявок для своих программ. Как правило, прием заявок идет с сентября по декабрь. Большинство дедлайнов приходятся на начало декабря — середину января. Однако некоторые школы дополнительно устанавливают более ранние или более поздние дедлайны. Например, Гарвардская школа бизнеса также принимает заявки до сентября (за год до начала обучения) и до апреля (за несколько месяцев до начала обучения)[10]. Точные даты необходимо проверять на сайтах школ.

Документы для поступления в магистратуру/докторантуру Гарвардского университета

Список документов варьируется от школы к школе, но в большинстве случаев включает в себя:

  • Онлайн-заявку;
  • Мотивационное письмо;
  • CV или Резюме;
  • Три рекомендательных письма;
  • Транскрипты из всех ранее посещаемых высших учебных заведений;
  • Результаты стандартизированного теста GRE / GMAT / MCATдля медицинской школы / LSATдля юридической школы (в зависимости от программы);
  • Сертификат TOEFL iBT (иногда допускаются другие языковые экзамены — см. таблицу ниже).

Дополнительно школа также может потребовать:

  • Ответ на вопрос в форме эссе;
  • Образец письменной работы;
  • Документ, подтверждающий опыт работы / лицензиюдля программ, связанных с педагогикой;
  • Портфолиодля Школы дизайна и др.

В отличие от бакалавриата, документы не на английском языке в основном должны быть представлены вместе с нотариально заверенным переводом. Полный список документов и требования к ним необходимо уточнять на сайтах школ.

Минимальные баллы по английскому языку для поступления в магистратуру Гарварда

Школа Гарвардского университета Мин. TOEFL iBT Мин. IELTS Другие
Школа искусств и наук 80 6.5 —
Гарвардская школа бизнеса 109 7.5только для MBA PTE 75только для MBA
Стоматологическая школа 95 — —
Школа дизайна 92предпочтительнее 104 и выше — —
Школа инженерных и прикладных наук Джона Паульсона 80 6.5 —
Гарвардская школа богословия 100-105 7.5-8 —
Школа педагогических наук 104 7.5 TWE 5.0, TOEFL PBT 613
Гарвардская школа права 100необязательно для JD — —
Школа расширенного образования 100 7.0 PTEA 70
Гарвардская школа Кеннеди 100-103 7.0 TOEFL PBT 600
Школа здравоохранения Т. Х. Чана 100 7.0 TOEFL PBT 600

Особенности поступления в Медицинскую школу Гарварда

Медицинская школа Гарварда (HMS) предъявляет к абитуриентам ряд требований, которые оставляют мало шансов для поступления иностранным аппликантам. В первую очередь, необходимо освоить ряд обязательных курсов (prerequisite courses) и уже иметь за плечами степень бакалавра по естественно-научным дисциплинам, а также пройти минимум год обучения на английском языке в Канаде или США. Затем обязательным условием является сдача международного медицинского экзамена — MCAT. Однако даже это не гарантирует успешного прохождения отбора, так как Гарвард признает далеко не все иностранные квалификации. Приоритетным правом на зачисление здесь обладают студенты, получившие степень в аккредитованных высших учебных заведениях США и Канады, в том числе потому что качественное медицинское образование невозможно без высокого уровня владения английским языком.

Учебный процесс в Гарварде

Учебный календарь Гарвардского университета

Период Начало Конец
Осенний семестр 1-3 сентября 17-20 декабря
Каникулы 18-21 декабря 21-26 января
Весенний семестр 22-27 января 11-17 мая
Церемония вручения дипломовCommencement 23-27 мая 23-27 мая

Undergraduate studies: виды и структура курсов, экзамены

Главной особенностью бакалавриата в Гарварде является то, что студенты выбирают будущую специализацию лишь на втором году обучения. Первые два с половиной семестра колледж дает молодым людям возможность адаптироваться к новой среде, посещая любые курсы из 3700 возможных. Затем студентам предлагается выбрать одну из 50 областей знания (concentrations) или выстроить уникальную специализацию (special concentration), составив собственный учебный план междисциплинарного характера[11].

Внутри специализации студенты Гарварда также определяют траекторию обучения: non-honours или honours. Последняя предполагает прохождение большего количества курсов и обязательное написание выпускной работы (thesis) для получения степени (AB — Bachelor of Arts или SB — Bachelor of Science).

Таким образом, помимо профильных дисциплин, программа обучения в Гарварде включает несколько общих обязательных элементов (Harvard College requirements):

  • General Education (по одному курсу из четырех предметных групп: Aesthetics & Culture; Ethics & Civics; Histories, Societies, Individuals и Science & Technology in Society);
  • Distribution (по одному курсу для каждого из трех направлений факультета искусств и наук (FAS): Arts and Humanities; Social Sciences и Engineering, and Applied Sciences);
  • Quantitative Reasoning and Data (курс-ознакомление с математическими, статистическими и компьютерными методами обработки данных);
  • Expository Writing (семестровый курс по академическому письму в первый год обучения);
  • Language (годичный курс изучения иностранного языка).

Дополнительно студенты могут выбирать элективы в рамках их вторичной специализации — secondary field (в американских вузах чаще встречается название minor), изучать дополнительные иностранные языки, самостоятельно проводить исследование или проект, осваивать курсы в школах Гарварда и других вузах Бостона.

В течение учебного года студенты традиционно посещают лекции, семинары и практические занятия, проходят промежуточный контроль (Hour and Midterm Examinations) и в конце каждого семестра сдают экзаменационную сессию (Final Examination Period).

Начиная с 1 курса и на протяжении всего срока обучения студентов сопровождают наставники из числа преподавателей, докторантов, старшекурсников и активистов, которые могут помочь с выбором специализации, корректировкой учебного плана и погружением в социальную жизнь вуза[12].

По некоторым направлениям у студентов есть возможность получить магистерскую степень уже на четвертом году бакалавриата. Программа реализуется в рамках Высшей школы искусств и наук и называется Fourth Year Master’s Degree.

Graduate schools: особенности и структура курсов, экзамены

Программы уровня graduate в Гарварде имеют различную структуру, в зависимости от школы и собственно специализации обучения. Магистратура длится 1-2 (реже 3) года и подразумевает приобретение теоретических и практических знаний в определенной профессии. Докторантура в основном строится на проведении исследований (5-6 лет), но есть также практико-ориентированные докторские программы (3-4 года), включающие стажировки в партнерских организациях (например, EdLD.EdLD.EdLD-EdLD-EdLD-EdLD.EdLDDoctor of Education Leadership). Перед поступлением студенты могут ознакомиться с учебными планами всех программ, которые находятся в открытом доступе на сайтах школ — разделы Academics, Program Overview, Curriculum.

Программы MBA в Гарварде

Harvard Business School стабильно входит в топ-10 лучших бизнес-школ мира. Отличительной особенностью учебного заведения является ориентация на практику и взаимодействие между студентами. Поступить в Harvard Business School довольно непросто, поскольку отличные оценки не являются решающим фактором при зачислении. Приемная комиссия обращает внимание на успехи абитуриента, опыт работы в сфере бизнеса, участие в благотворительных акциях и прочие достижения.

Гарвардская школа бизнеса предлагает двухлетнюю программу MBA (50% студентов получают финансовую помощь[13]), несколько докторских программ (100% финансирование на протяжении 5 лет[14]), а также предоставляет возможность получить две степени одновременно в рамках сотрудничества с другими школами (Joint Degree Programs), например, степень MBA и магистра государственной политики (MPP) от Гарвардской школы управления имени Кеннеди. Совместные программы реализуются также также с юридической, медицинской и стоматологической школами.

Здесь же, в Harvard Business School, проходят курсы по маркетингу, лидерству, финансам и предпринимательству.

Международные программы обмена в Гарварде

Harvard University имеет тесные международные связи с престижными учебными заведениями по всему миру. Программы обмена и стажировок действуют с ведущими вузами Европы, в том числе с Кембриджским и Оксфордским университетами. Всего студентам Гарварда доступно 200+ программ в более чем 50 странах мира. Больше информации о семестровых и годичных обменах можно найти на сайте Harvard Office of International Education. Подробнее о летних программах — на сайте Harvard Summer School.
Летняя школа Гарвардского университета также каждый год организует более 300 курсов и стажировок для иностранных студентов. Сюда приезжают:

  • Учащиеся старшей школы. Для них проводятся две программы: Secondary School Program (семь недель с получением кредитов) или Pre-College Program (две недели без получения кредитов);
  • Студенты по обмену. С целью получения кредитов в рамках своей программы или подготовки для поступления в graduate school;
  • Выпускники и профессионалы. Для прохождения курсов по повышению квалификации.

Программы двойного диплома в Гарвардском университете

Harvard University предлагает своим студентам обучение по программам двойного диплома, позволяющим получить две специальности одновременно как в стенах родного вуза, так и в университетах-партнерах, с которыми у Гарварда подписаны соглашения. Одним из таких учебных заведений является Музыкальный колледж Беркли. По окончании пятилетней программы выпускникам присваивается степень бакалавра искусств Гарвардского университета и степень магистра Berklee[15]. В списке партнеров Harvard University также числится Кембриджский университет. Совместная программа в области права позволяет получить степень JD в Гарварде и степень LLM в Кембридже всего за 3,5 года[16].

Онлайн-курсы в Harvard University

Гарвардский университет обладает обширной базой онлайн-курсов (400+) в 11 предметных областях и сроком от 2 до 17 недель. Многие предоставляются на бесплатной основе. При этом стоимость платных курсов варьируется от 30 USD до 6 680 USD.

Стипендии и гранты в Гарварде

Считается, что обучение в Гарвардском университете по карману только избранным, но это не так: 20% семей не платят абсолютно ничего, а 55% студентов получают материальную поддержку[17]. Вуз учитывает финансовые возможности каждого учащегося вне зависимости от того, является ли он гражданином США или другой страны, и в случае необходимости готов частично или полностью покрыть расходы, касающиеся обучения и проживания студента. Схема проста: если студент успешно прошел конкурс на поступление, но не может позволить себе покрыть все расходы на обучение, то университет дает 100% гарантию материальной помощи.

Размер помощи на уровне бакалавриата определяется следующим образом: родители студента (или он сам) должны внести определенную сумму за обучение (в зависимости от общих доходов семьи), к этой сумме прибавляются личные вложения учащегося (к примеру, от подработки), а также помощь от сторонних фондов (при наличии). После подсчета общей суммы университет принимает решение о назначении материальной помощи студенту. Для получения полного финансирования достаточно предоставить документы, подтверждающие, что годовой доход родителей составляет менее 65 000 USD в год.

Годовой доход семьи Выплаты родителей Подработка студента Стипендия
<65 000 USD 0 USD 3 500 USD 73 891 USD
150 000 USD 15 000 USD 3 500 USD 58 891 USD
200 000 USD 38 000 USD 3 500 USD 35 891 USD

Калькулятор

Размер помощи для магистратуры и докторантуры, в свою очередь, также рассчитывается в зависимости от доходов студента на протяжении трех последних лет. Дополнительным фактором служит собственно школа и источники ее финансирования. Предлагаемая стипендия не всегда полностью покрывает все расходы. Подробности следует уточнять на сайтах школ в разделе Financial Aid.

Перспективы после окончания Гарвардского университета

Как и любой другой топовый вуз, Гарвардский университет помогает своим студентам в выборе подходящих вакансий. На территории кампуса вуза работает Центр карьеры (the Office of Career Services), который устраивает различные мероприятия для студентов и анонсирует их на своем сайте. Сотрудники университета занимаются подбором оплачиваемых стажировок, поиском интересных вакансий, организацией курсов и тренингов, а также мероприятий, где студенты уже с первого курса могут познакомиться с потенциальными работодателями[18]. Как правило, выпускники Гарвардского университета не имеют проблем с поиском работы. По статистике, более 60% студентов находят работу еще в период обучения (в основном на стажировках). В международном рейтинге QS 2020 Гарвард занимает 5 место, имея при этом 100% показатели репутации среди работодателей и результативности выпускников[19].

Научные достижения Гарвардского университета

Сегодня Harvard University — один из самых элитарных и авторитетных вузов мира. Университет славится своей школой бизнеса и разработками в самых различных областях науки, большинство из которых финансируются правительством.

  • В 2017 году группа учёных Гарварда смогла впервые в истории превратить водород в металл — его использование в ракетостроении откроет новые рубежи в освоении космоса.
  • Гарвардские биоинженеры изобрели в 2017 году пластичного робота, который сможет предотвращать инфаркты и автоматически поддерживать работу сердца.
  • В 2014 году исследователи Гарварда нашли подтверждение теории космической инфляции, описывающей процесс Большого взрыва.
  • В вузе трудятся над созданием «эликсира молодости», первые результаты тестирования эликсира оказались успешными.
  • В 2014 году ученые Гарварда создали недорогой детектор для мониторинга диабета и других заболеваний. Детектор стоит около 25 USD и весит 2 унции, он будет использоваться в беднейших регионах планеты.
  • Ученые Гарварда в содружестве с исследователями Массачусетского Технологического Института изобрели метод сохранения солнечной энергии в молекулах, который в дальнейшем позволит использовать экологически чистую энергию в бытовых целях (приготовление пищи, подогрев воды, отопление частных домов и квартир).
  • Группа исследователей из Гарвардского и Массачусетского Технологического Института совместно занимается перепрограммированием клеток живых организмов для создания эффективной клеточной терапии, которая позволит тканям быстрее регенерировать после серьезных повреждений, что может стать решением проблемы заболеваний щитовидной железы или сахарного диабета.

Известные выпускники Гарвардского университета

  • Harvard University закончили 8 президентов США, в их числе Барак Обама, Джон Кеннеди и Франклин Рузвельт.
  • Среди выпускников, преподавателей и сотрудников Гарвардского университета значится 150 нобелевских лауреатов.
  • Билл Гейтс — американский бизнесмен, филантроп и общественный деятель, один из основателей компании Microsoft, является основателем и председателем благотворительной организации Билла и Миранды Гейтс.
  • Дэвид Рокфеллер — американский государственный деятель, предприниматель, банкир, является внуком первого долларового миллиардера Джона Рокфеллера.
  • Дарен Аранофски — известный в Голливуде режиссер, автор фильмов «Реквием по мечте» и «Черный лебедь».
  • Мэтт Дэймон — известный американский актер, продюсер и сценарист, родился и вырос в Кембридже. В 1998 году стал лауреатом сразу двух престижных премий — «Оскар» и «Золотой Глобус» за сценарий к фильму «Умница Уилл Хантинг».
  • Натали Портман — американская актриса кино и театра, продюсер, сценарист и кинорежиссер. В 2011 году стала обладательницей целого ряда престижных кинематографических премий: BAFTA, «Оскар» и «Золотой глобус» за главную роль в ленте «Чёрный лебедь»

Интересные факты о Гарвардском университете

  • Ежегодно в Гарвардском университете вручается премия за самые сомнительные или остроумные научные достижения последнего года — Шнобелевская премия (Ig Nobel Prize). Под словом “сомнительные” понимаются исследования типа “почему пьяные считают себя привлекательными” или “как слушают оперу мыши с пересаженным сердцем” и т. д.
  • Территория Гарвардского университета десятки раз становилась съемочной площадкой для кино и сериалов. Здесь снимали фильм «Социальная сеть» (The Social Network), «Спартанец» (Spartan), «Ангелы и демоны» (Angels & Demons), «Умница Уилл Хантинг» (Good Will Hunting).
  • Учебное заведение является местом действия литературных произведений. Университет описан в романе Уильяма Фолкнера «Шум и ярость» (The Sound and the Fury).
  • У входа в Harvard Yard стоит памятник, на котором написано «Джон Гарвард. Основатель. 1638». Учащиеся называют его «статуей трех обманов». Дело в том, что Гарвард был меценатом вуза, но не основателем. Принято считать, что история учебного заведения ведется с 1636 года, а не с 1638-го. Кроме того, это вовсе не Гарвард, а лишь его образ, списанный с обычного студента. История не сохранила портретов или упоминаний о том, как выглядел знаменитый филантроп Джон Гарвард, имя которого сегодня известно на весь мир.

Обновлено:

18 марта 2021 г.

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Поступление с UniPage в Harvard University

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Источник

Запрос «Гарвард» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения.

Гарвардский университет (Гарвард) (англ. Harvard University) — один из самых известных университетов США и всего мира, старейший вуз США. Находится в городе Кембридж (входит в состав Бостонской городской агломерации), штат Массачусетс.

По состоянию на 2010 год в Гарварде работает около 2100 преподавателей и учится около 6700 студентов и 14500 последипломников[2]. 75 лауреатов Нобелевской премии были связаны с университетом как студенты, преподаватели или сотрудники. Гарвардский университет занимает первое место в стране по числу миллиардеров среди выпускников[3], а его библиотека — крупнейшая академическая в США и третья по величине в стране[4].

Гарвард входит в группу элитных американских университетов — Лигу плюща.

Гарвард имеет самый большой эндаумент (целевой капитал) в мире, который по состоянию на 2022 год составляет 50,9 млрд долларов США[источник не указан 50 дней].

История

Старейший из университетов США, Гарвард был основан 8 сентября 1636 года. Назван в честь английского миссионера и филантропа Джона Гарварда. Хотя он никогда официально не был связан с церковью, в колледже обучалось главным образом унитарное и конгрегационалистское духовенство. В 1643 году английская аристократка Энн Рэдклифф учредила первый фонд для поддержки научных исследований[5]. В течение XVIII века программы Гарварда становились более светскими, и к концу XIX века колледж был признан центральным учреждением культуры среди элиты Бостона[6][7]. После гражданской войны в США, президент Гарварда Чарльз Эллиот после сорока лет правления (1869—1909) преобразовал колледж и зависимые от него школы профессионального образования в централизованный исследовательский университет; Гарвард стал одним из основателей Ассоциации американских университетов в 1900 году[8].

Гарвардский университет поддерживает дружеское соперничество с Массачусетским технологическим институтом, которое восходит ещё к 1900 году, когда было официально согласовано слияние двух школ. Сегодня два учебных заведения сотрудничают в плане совместных конференций и программ.

Структура

Памятник Джону Гарварду, в честь которого университет получил своё название

Памятник Джону Гарварду, в честь которого университет получил своё название

Гарвардский колледж

Гарвардский колледж

Университет включает в себя 13 отдельных академических подразделений — 12 школ и Институт перспективных исследований Рэдклифф — с кампусами по всему Бостону.

Включает 7 факультетов.

  • Факультет искусств и наук (осн. 1890, крупнейшее университетское подразделение), в составе которого:
    • Гарвардский колледж для студентов, получающих степень бакалавра (1636)
    • Высшая школа искусств и наук (1872)
    • Школа инженерных и прикладных наук (2007) — в 2007 году в результате преобразования существующего с 1847 года соответствующего подразделения Гарварда появилась Гарвардская школа инженерных и прикладных наук (англ. Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences).
    • Отделение непрерывного образования, в составе которого:
      • Гарвардская летняя школа (1871)
      • Школа расширенного образования (1910)
  • Гарвардская медицинская школа (1782)
  • Гарвардская школа стоматологии (1867)
  • Гарвардский институт богословия (1816)
  • Гарвардская школа права (1817)
  • Гарвардская школа бизнеса (1908)
  • Высшая школа дизайна (1914)
  • Гарвардская высшая школа педагогических наук (1920)
  • Институт общественного здравоохранения (1922)
  • Гарвардский институт государственного управления им. Джона Ф. Кеннеди (1936)

В 1999 году существовавший с 1879 года престижный женский гуманитарный частный Рэдклифф-колледж был преобразован в Гарвардский Рэдклиффский институт перспективных исследований (англ. Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study).

Филиалами университета являются музей археологии и этнологии Пибоди и Гарвардский музей естественной истории. Имеется Гарвардский художественный музей.

Дополнительное военное образование

Студенты Гарвардского университета, являющиеся гражданами США, в период обучения в бакалавриате имеют возможность также пройти курсы подготовки офицеров резерва (ROTC)[9]. В университете действуют три обособленных учебных подразделения, готовящие офицеров, соответственно, для нужд Армии США (Army ROTC (англ.)), Военно-морских сил США и Корпуса морской пехоты США (Naval ROTC (англ.)), Военно-воздушных сил США (Air Force ROTC (англ.)).

Гарвардский университет является одним из первых в истории США вузов, где были организованы курсы подготовки офицеров резерва; ROTC при Гарварде был организован в 1916 году. В 1971 на волне антивоенных настроений курсы подготовки офицеров резерва при Гарвардском университете были упразднены. Возвращению ROTC в Гарвард долгое время препятствовал закон Не спрашивай, не говори (англ. Don’t ask, don’t tell), поскольку он воспринимался как ущемляющий права и свободы гомосексуальных студентов университета. Однако после отмены этого закона курсы подготовки офицеров резерва стали возвращаться в Гарвард.[10] Так, Naval ROTC (англ.) вернулся в университет в 2011 году,[11] Army ROTC (англ.) — в 2012 году,[12] Air Force ROTC (англ.) — в 2016 году.[13]

Кампусы

Harvard Yard  (англ.) (рус. в Кембридже

Здание Гарвардской высшей школы дизайна

Здание Гарвардской высшей школы дизайна

85 га основного кампуса университета находится в так называемом «Гарвардском дворе» Harvard Yard  (англ.) (рус. в Кембридже, примерно в 5,5 км к северо-западу от центра Бостона.
Бизнес-школы и спортивные объекты, в том числе Гарвардский стадион, расположены на реке Чарльз в Аллстоне, а объекты медицинского и стоматологического факультета находятся в Лонгвуде[14].

В Гарвардском парке находятся центральные административные здания, основные библиотеки университета, академические здания, большинство общежитий для первокурсников, а также корпуса Сивера и Юниверсити, и мемориальная церковь. Девять из двенадцати жилых «домов» для студентов, начиная со второго курса, расположены к югу от Гарвардского двора и вблизи реки Чарльз. Три других находятся в жилом районе в полумиле к северо-западу от парка в так называемом четырёхугольнике (отсюда название этих трёх домов — Куад Хаус (Quad House)). Станция красной линии метро под названием «Гарвардская площадь» обеспечивает студентов общественным транспортом.

Общий вид на Гарвардскую школу бизнеса

Общий вид на Гарвардскую школу бизнеса

Гарвардская школа бизнеса и спортивные объекты университета, в том числе Гарвардский стадион, занимают 145 га площади в городе Оллстон. Мост им. Джона Уикса соединяет Оллстон с Лонгвудом, где находятся Гарвардская медицинская школа, школа стоматологии, Гарвардская школа общественного здравоохранения, кампусы которых занимают 8,9 га земли и находятся в 3,3 км к юго-западу от центра Бостона и 5,3 км от главного корпуса в Кембридже. Частные автобусы соединяют корпуса в Лонгвуде и университетский городок в Кембридже, следуя по Массачусетс-авеню через Массачусетский технологический институт[15][16][14].

Система «домов»

Почти все студенты Гарвардского университета и колледжа с первого курса живут в общежитиях на территории кампуса, в пределах или вблизи Гарвардского двора. Студенты, которые имеют хорошие оценки или иные достижения, живут в так называемых «домах», которые являются как местом проживания, так и административным подразделением университета, помогающим студентам адаптироваться в социальной среде учебного заведения. Общежития и дома — разные структуры университета, которые не стоит путать.

Подобная система проживания была учреждена президентом Гарварда Эбботом Лоуренсом Лоуэллом в 1930-х годах для борьбы с пагубными привычками и социальной стратификацией среди студентов вне кампуса. Лоуэлл принял решение обеспечить студента жилплощадью на протяжении всего обучения в университете. В домах была столовая и так называемая «общая комната», в которой был старший студент, руководящий академическим и дисциплинарным состоянием дома[17].

Здание Кёркленд Хаус

Здание Кёркленд Хаус

Девять домов Ривер Хаус (River House) находятся в южной части гарвардского двора, между парком и рекой Чарльз и включают в себя:

  • Адамс Хаус (Adams House) — назван в честь президента США Джона Адамса;
  • Данстер Хаус (Dunster House) — в честь первого президента Гарварда Генри Данстера;
  • Эллиот Хаус (Eliot House) — в честь президента Гарварда Чарльза Эллиота;
  • Кёркленд Хаус (Kirkland House) — в честь президента Гарварда Джона Кёркленда;
  • Леверетт Хаус (Leverett House) — в честь президента Гарварда Джона Леверетта;
  • Лоуэлл Хаус (Lowell House) — в честь создателя системы домов, президента Гарварда Эббота Лоуэлла;
  • Метер Хаус (Mather House) — в честь президента Гарварда Инкриса Метера;
  • Куинси Хаус (Quincy House) — в честь президента Гарварда и мэра Бостона Джозайи Куинси III;
  • Уинтроп Хаус (Winthrop House) — назван в честь двух носителей этой фамилии: колониста Джона Уинтропа и его праправнука Джона Уинтропа, профессора математики и естественной философии.

Три дома Куад Хаус (Quad House) располагаются в полумиле от гарвардского парка и размещены совместно с колледжем Рэдклиффа с тех пор, как они объединили свои жилые системы с Гарвардом в 1977 году:[18]

  • Кэбот Хаус (Cabot House), ранее известный как Саус Хаус (South House) — назван в честь спонсоров Томаса Кэбота и Вирджинии Кэбот;
  • Керриер Хаус (Currier House) — назван в честь выпускницы Рэдклиффа Одри Брюс Керриер;
  • Форсхаймер Хаус (Pforzheimer House) или сокращённо PfoHo — назван в честь гарвардских вкладчиков Карла и Кэрол Форсхаймер.

Тринадцатый дом, носящий название Дадли Хаус (Dudley House),[19] является нежилым, но выполняет административные и социальные функции, например, для собраний, а также для проживания некоторых аспирантов. Назван в честь Томаса Дадли, который подписал Устав Гарвардского университета, будучи губернатором колонии Массачусетского залива.

Руководство

Руководством Гарварда занимаются две административные организации: президент университета и стипендиаты (так же известные как «Гарвардская корпорация») и Гарвардский совет наблюдателей (контроллеров). Президент университета — наиболее ответственное лицо, имеющее контроль над всем учебным процессом[20].

Лоуренс Бэкоу был избран 29-м президентом Гарварда в 2018 году[21].

Президенты университета
  • Натаниэль Итон (1637—1639)
  • Генри Данстер (1640—1654)
  • Чарльз Ченси (1654—1672)
  • Леонард Хор (1672—1675)
  • Уриан Оакес (1675—1681)
  • Джон Роджерс (1682—1684)
  • Инкрис Метер (1685—1701)
  • Сэмюэль Уилланд (1701—1707)
  • Джон Леверетт (1708—1724)
  • Бенджамин Уотрсворт (1725—1737)
  • Эдвар Холиок (1737—1769)
  • Сэмюэль Лок (1770—1773)
  • Сэмюэль Лэнгдон (1774—1780)
  • Джозеф Уиллард (1781—1804)
  • Элифлейт Пирсон (1804—1806)
  • Сэмюэль Веббер (1806—1810)
  • Джон Тронтон Кёрклэнд (1810—1828)
  • Джозайя Куинси (1829—1845)
  • Эдвар Эверетт (1846—1849)
  • Джаред Спаркс (1849—1853)
  • Джеймс Уолкер (1853—1860)
  • Корнелиус Конвэй Фелтон (1860—1862)
  • Томас Хилл (1862—1868)
  • Чарльз Уильямм Эллиот (1869—1909)
  • Эббот Лоуренс Лоуэлл (1909—1933)
  • Джеймс Брайант Конант (1933—1953)
  • Натан Марш Пёси (1953—1971)
  • Дерек Кёртис Бок (1971—1991)
  • Нейл Леон Руденстайн (1991—2001)
  • Саммерс, Лоуренс (2001—2006)
  • Дерек Кёртис Бок (2006—2007), исполнял обязанности
  • Дрю Джиллин Фауст (2007—2018)
  • Лоуренс Бэкоу (2018—)

Различные факты

  • Колокола звонницы Гарвардского университета ранее находились в Свято-Даниловом монастыре и были проданы советским правительством по цене бронзы в 1930-х годах. В 2007 году колокола были возвращены в монастырь, взамен на точные копии, отлитые в Воронеже[22].
  • В Гарвардском дворе находится статуя сидящего Джона Гарварда, выполненная скульптором Даниэлем Френчем. Табличка под статуей гласит: «Джон Гарвард, основатель, 1638». Студенты университета называют эту скульптуру «Статуей тройной лжи». В действительности, сидящий мужчина — не Джон Гарвард, а студент университета Шерман Хор, который был выбран Френчем, потому что он был прямым потомком первых пуритан Новой Англии и стал моделью для скульптора; Джон Гарвард не был основателем университета, а только вкладчиком, пожертвовав ему свою библиотеку и половину состояния; университет был основан на два года раньше указанной даты — в 1636 году[23].
  • Отметки на Гарвардском мосту сделаны в малораспространённой единице длины — смутах. В 1958 году студенты MIT решили измерить длину Гарвардского моста, соединяющего Бостон и Кембридж с помощью одного из своей компании — студента по имени Оливер Смут, которого в лежачем положении перемещали дальше и дальше, делая краской отметки. Общая длина моста составила «364.4 smoots plus one ear» (англ. 364,4 смута и ещё одно ухо), а сама единица смут равна примерно 170 сантиметрам. После реконструкции моста в 1988 году городские власти стёрли все отметки, которые студенты постоянно обновляли. Однако вмешались полицейские, которым было удобно сообщать о происшествиях на мосту, ориентируясь по смутам, и линии восстановили. Сам Оливер Смут потом стал президентом Американского национального института стандартов, а впоследствии и возглавил Международную организацию по стандартизации[24].
  • В честь Гарвардского университета назван астероид (736) Гарвард, открытый в 1912 году.

Прочее

Символика

Символом Гарварда является багровый цвет, такого же цвета гарвардская спортивная команда и университетская газета. Цвет был выбран голосованием и получил 1800 голосов студентов, хотя ассоциирование университета с различными оттенками красного можно проследить ещё до 1858 года, когда молодой аспирант Чарльз Уильям Эллиот, а позже президент университета, купил красные банданы для своей команды, чтобы участники могли их отличить во время ежегодной регаты.

Спорт

Спортивная команда «Гарвард Кримсон» (букв. «Гарвардский багрянец») принимает участие в соревнованиях по 41 виду спорта в Национальной ассоциации студенческого спорта среди университетов Лиги Плюща.

Выпускники

Гарвардский университет окончили 8 президентов США (Джон Адамс, Джон Куинси Адамс, Резерфорд Хейс, Теодор Рузвельт, Франклин Рузвельт, Джон Кеннеди, Джордж Буш — младший, Барак Обама).

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ https://www.harvard.edu/about-harvard/harvard-glance
  2. ↑ Harvard at a Glance. Harvard University. Дата обращения: 28 ноября 2010. Архивировано 15 июля 2012 года.
  3. ↑ Janhavi Kumar Sapra. Billionaire Universities, Forbes (11 августа 2010). Архивировано 15 мая 2011 года. Дата обращения: 31 августа 2010.
  4. ↑ The Nation’s Largest Libraries: A Listing By Volumes Held (англ.). American Library Association. Дата обращения: 27 сентября 2012. Архивировано 26 октября 2012 года.
  5. ↑ Гарвард (Harvard) (недоступная ссылка)
  6. ↑ Story, Ronald. Harvard and the Boston Brahmins: A Study in Institutional and Class Development, 1800–1865 (англ.) // Journal of Social History : journal. — 1975. — Vol. 8, no. 3. — P. 94—121.
  7. ↑ Farrell, Betty G. Elite Families: Class and Power in Nineteenth-Century Boston (англ.). — State University of New York Press, 1993. — ISBN 0791415937.
  8. ↑ Member Institutions and years of Admission. Association of American Universities. Дата обращения: 28 августа 2010. Архивировано 15 июля 2012 года.
  9. ↑ Student Activities | Harvard. Дата обращения: 19 мая 2020. Архивировано 19 мая 2020 года.
  10. ↑ The return of ROTC – Harvard Gazette. Дата обращения: 19 мая 2020. Архивировано 8 августа 2020 года.
  11. ↑ Архивированная копия. Дата обращения: 19 мая 2020. Архивировано 21 марта 2020 года.
  12. ↑ Архивированная копия. Дата обращения: 19 мая 2020. Архивировано 22 апреля 2021 года.
  13. ↑ Архивированная копия. Дата обращения: 19 мая 2020. Архивировано 21 марта 2020 года.
  14. ↑ 1 2 Physical Plant (недоступная ссылка — история). Office of the Provost, Harvard University (2009). Дата обращения: 27 августа 2010. Архивировано 15 июля 2012 года.
  15. ↑ M2 Cambridge Shuttle. MASCO. Дата обращения: 28 августа 2010. Архивировано 10 августа 2012 года.
  16. ↑ Biography Архивная копия от 26 июня 2008 на Wayback Machine in the Exeter Bulletin Архивная копия от 26 июня 2008 на Wayback Machine
  17. ↑
    Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard: 1636–1936 (неопр.). — 1936. — С. 476—478.
  18. ↑ Sofen, Adam A. «Radcliffe Enters Historic Merger With Harvard», April 21, 1999.[1] Архивная копия от 17 июля 2011 на Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ Dudley House site. Дата обращения: 8 марта 2011. Архивировано 25 января 2011 года.
  20. ↑ Burlington Free Press, June 24, 2009, page 11B, ««Harvard to cut 275 jobs» Associated Press
  21. ↑ Steve LeBlanc. Harvard University names Lawrence Bacow its 29th president (англ.). Fox News (11 февраля 2018). Дата обращения: 14 декабря 2018. Архивировано 5 мая 2021 года.
  22. ↑ Воронежский звон — в Москву прибыли колокола для Гарвардского университета. Дата обращения: 12 июля 2009. Архивировано 17 октября 2008 года.
  23. ↑ the statue of three lies. Дата обращения: 6 марта 2011. Архивировано 16 июля 2011 года.
  24. ↑ This Month In MIT History. Дата обращения: 6 марта 2011. Архивировано 4 мая 2009 года.

Ссылки

  • Официальный сайт Гарвардского университета


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Гарвардский университет (англ. Harvard University) — один из самых известных университетов США и всего мира, находится в городе Кембридж, штат Массачусетс. Гарвард — старейший из университетов США, был основан 8 сентября 1636 года[2][3][4]. Назван в честь английского миссионера и благодетеля Джона Гарварда. Хотя он никогда официально не был связан с церковью, прежде всего в колледже обучали унитарному и конгрегационалистскому духовенству. В 1643 году английская аристократка Энн Рэдклифф учредила первый фонд для поддержки научных исследований[5]. В течение XVIII века программы Гарварда становились более светскими и к концу XIX века колледж был признан центральным учреждением культуры среди элиты Бостона[6][7]. После гражданской войны в США, президент Чарльз Эллиот после сорока лет правления (1869—1909) преобразовал колледж и зависимые от него школы профессионального образования в централизованный исследовательский университет и Гарвард стал одним из основателей Ассоциации американских университетов в 1900 году[8].

Дрю Джилпин Фауст была избрана 28-м президентом Гарварда в 2007 году и стала первой женщиной, руководящей университетом. Гарвард имеет самый большой эндаумент (целевой капитал) в мире, который составляет 27,4 млрд долларов по состоянию на сентябрь 2010 года[9].

Университет включает в себя 11 отдельных академических подразделений — 10 факультетов и Институт Перспективных Исследований Рэдклиффа — с кампусами по всему Бостону[10], 85 га основного корпуса университета находится в парке Harvard Yard в Кембридже, примерно в 5,5 км к северо-западу от Бостона. Бизнес-школы и спортивные объекты, в том числе Гарвардский стадион, расположены на реке Чарльз в Оллстоне, а объекты медицинского и стоматологического факультета находятся в Лонгвуде.[1]

По состоянию на 2010 год в Гарварде работает около 2100 преподавателей и учится около 6700 студентов и 14500 аспирантов[11]. Гарвардский университет окончили 8 президентов США, 75 лауреатов Нобелевской Премии были связаны с университетом как студенты, преподаватели или сотрудники. Гарвардский университет занимает первое место в стране по числу миллиардеров среди выпускников[12], а его библиотека — крупнейшая академическая в США и третья по величине в стране[13].

Спортивная команда «Гарвард Кримсон» принимает участие в соревнованиях по 41 виду спорта в Национальной ассоциации студенческого спорта среди университетов Лиги Плюща.

Содержание

  • 1 Администрация и организация
    • 1.1 Руководящие органы
    • 1.2 Кампусы
    • 1.3 Система «домов»
  • 2 Факультеты
  • 3 Президенты
  • 4 Известные преподаватели
  • 5 Известные выпускники
  • 6 Интересные факты
  • 7 См. также
  • 8 Примечания
  • 9 Ссылки

Администрация и организация

Парк Harvard Yard в Кембридже

На службе университета около 2100 профессоров, преподавателей и инструкторов, обучающих 6517 студентов и 12424 аспиранта[14][15]. Символом Гарварда является багровый цвет, такого же цвета гарвардская спортивная команда и университетская газета. Цвет был выбран голосованием и получил 1800 голосов студентов, хотя ассоциирование университета с различными оттенками красного можно проследить ещё до 1858 года, когда молодой аспирант Чарльз Уильям Эллиот, а позже президент университета, купил красные банданы для своей команды, чтобы участники могли их отличить во время ежегодной регаты.

Гарвардский университет поддерживает дружеское соперничество с Массачусетским технологическим институтом, которое восходит ещё к 1900 году, когда было официально согласовано слияние двух школ. Сегодня два учебных заведения сотрудничают в плане совместных конференций и программ, к примеру, в рамках Гарвардского-MIT Отдела здравоохранения.

Руководящие органы

Руководством Гарварда занимаются две административные организации: президент университета и стипендиаты (так же известные как «Гарвардская корпорация») и Гарвардский совет наблюдателей (контроллеров). Президент университета — наиболее ответственное лицо, имеющее контроль над всем учебным процессом.[16]

Кампусы

Здание Гарвардской Высшей Школы Дизайна

85 га главного кампуса Гарварда сосредоточены в парке Harvard Yard в Кембридже, что в 5,5 км к северо-западу от центра Бостона, и простирается на окружающие окрестности и Гарвардскую площадь. В Гарвардском парке находятся центральные административные здания, основные библиотеки университета, академические здания, большинство общежитий для первокурсников, а также залы Сивер-Холл и Юниверсити-Холл и мемориальную церковь. Девять из двенадцати жилых «домов» для студентов, начиная со второго курса, расположены к югу от Harvard Yard и вблизи реки Чарльз. Три других находятся в жилом районе в полумиле к северо-западу от парка в так называемом четырёхугольнике (отсюда название этих трёх домов — Куад Хаус (Quad House)). Станция метро под названием Harvard MBTA обеспечивает студентов общественным транспортом.

Общий вид на Гарвардскую школу бизнеса

Гарвардская школа бизнеса и спортивные объекты университета, в том числе Гарвардский стадион, занимают 145 га площади в городе Оллстон. Мост им. Джона Уикса соединяет Оллстон с Лонгвудом, где находятся Гарвардская медицинская школа, школа стоматологии, Гарвардская школа общественного здравоохранения, кампусы которых занимают 8,9 га земли и находятся в 3,3 км к юго-западу от центра Бостона и 5,3 км от главного корпуса в Кембридже. Частные автобусы соединяют корпуса в Лонгвуде и университетский городок в Кембридже, следуя по Массачусетс-авеню через Массачусетский технологический институт.[17][18]

Система «домов»

Почти все студенты Гарвардского университета и колледжа с первого курса живут в общежитиях на территории кампуса, в пределах или вблизи парка Harvard Yard. Студенты, которые имеют хорошие оценки или иные достижения, живут в так называемых «домах», которые являются как местом проживания, так и административным подразделением университета, помогающим студентам адаптироваться в социальной среде учебного заведения. Общежития и дома — разные структуры университета, которые не стоит путать.

Подобная система проживания была учреждена президентом Гарварда Эбботом Лоуренсом Лоуэллом в 1930-х годах для борьбы с пагубными привычками и социальной стратификацией среди студентов вне кампуса. Лоуэлл принял решение обеспечить студента жилплощадью на протяжении всего обучения в университете. В домах была столовая и так называемая «общая комната», в которой был старший студент, руководящий академическим и дисциплинарным состоянием дома.[19]

Здание Кёркленд Хаус

Девять домов Ривер Хаус (River House) находятся в южной части гарвардского двора, между парком и рекой Чарльз и включают в себя:

  • Адамс Хаус (Adams House) — назван в честь президента США Джона Адамса;
  • Данстер Хаус (Dunster House) — в честь первого президента Гарварда Генри Данстера;
  • Эллиот Хаус (Eliot House) — в честь президента Гарварда Чарльза Эллиота;
  • Кёркленд Хаус (Kirkland House) — в честь президента Гарварда Джона Кёркленда;
  • Леверетт Хаус (Leverett House) — в честь президента Гарварда Джона Леверетта;
  • Лоуэлл Хаус (Lowell House) — в честь создателя системы домов, президента Гарварда Эббота Лоуэлла;
  • Метер Хаус (Mather House) — в честь президента Гарвада Инкриса Метера;
  • Куинси Хаус (Quincy House) — в честь президента Гарварда и мэра Бостона Джозайи Куинси III;
  • Уинтроп Хаус (Winthrop House) — назван в честь двух носителей этой фамилии: колониста Джона Уинтропа и его праправнука Джона Уинтропа, профессора математики и естественной философии.

Три дома Куад Хаус (Quad House) располагаются в полумиле от гарвардского парка и размещены совместно с колледжем Рэдклиффа с тех пор, как они объединили свои жилые системы с Гарвардом в 1977 году:[20]

  • Кэбот Хаус (Cabot House), ранее известный как Саус Хаус (South House) — назван в честь спонсоров Томаса Кэбота и Вирджинии Кэбот;
  • Керриер Хаус (Currier House) — назван в честь выпускницы Рэдклиффа Одри Брюс Керриер;
  • Форсхаймер Хаус (Pforzheimer House) или сокращенно PfoHo — назван в честь гарвардских вкладчиков Карла и Кэрол Форсхаймер.

Тринадцатый дом, носящий название Дадли Хаус (Dudley House),[21] является нежилым, но выполняет административные и социальные функции, например, для собраний, а также для проживания некоторых аспирантов. Назван в честь Томаса Дадли, который подписал Устав Гарвардского университета, будучи губернатором колонии Массачусетского залива.

Факультеты

Памятник Джону Гарварду, в честь которого университет получил своё название

Гарвардский колледж

  • Факультет искусств и наук вместе с отделением инженерных и прикладных наук, включают в себя:
    • Гарвардский колледж для студентов, получающих степень бакалавра (1636)
    • Высшая школа искусств и наук (1872)
    • Отделение длительного образования, включающее в себя:
      • Гарвардскую летнюю школу (1871)
      • Школу расширенного образования (1910)
  • Гарвардская медицинская школа (1782)
  • Гарвардская школа стоматологии (1867)
  • Гарвардский институт богословия (1816)
  • Гарвардская школа права (1817)
  • Гарвардская школа бизнеса (1908)
  • Высшая школа дизайна (1914)
  • Гарвардская высшая школа педагогических наук (1920)
  • Институт общественного здравоохранения (1922)
  • Гарвардский институт государственного управления им. Джона Ф. Кеннеди (1936)

в 1999 году Институт Рэдклиффа был преобразован в Институт Перспективных Исследований Рэдклифф. В феврале 2007 году Гарвардским отделом наблюдателей, который включает в себя преподавателей и стипендиатов университета, был официально утверждён Гарвардский отдел инженерии и прикладных наук, чтобы стать самостоятельным институтом Гарварда — Гарвардской школой инженерных и прикладных наук.[22][23]

Гарвард входит в группу элитных американских университетов — Лигу плюща.

Филиалами университета являются музей археологии и этнологии Пибоди и Гарвардский музей естественной истории.

Президенты

Президенты университета
  • Натаниэль Итон (1637—1639)
  • Генри Данстер (1640—1654)
  • Чарльз Ченси (1654—1672)
  • Леонард Хор (1672—1675)
  • Уриан Оакес (1675—1681)
  • Джон Роджерс (1682—1684)
  • Инкрис Метер (1685—1701)
  • Сэмюэль Уилланд (1701—1707)
  • Джон Леверетт (1708—1724)
  • Бенджамин Уотрсворт (1725—1737)
  • Эдвар Холиок (1737—1769)
  • Сэмюэль Лок (1770—1773)
  • Сэмюэль Лэнгдон (1774—1780)
  • Джозеф Уиллард (1781—1804)
  • Элифлейт Пирсон (1804—1806)
  • Сэмюэль Веббер (1806—1810)
  • Джон Тронтон Кёрклэнд (1810—1828)
  • Джозайя Куинси (1829—1845)
  • Эдвар Эверетт (1846—1849)
  • Джаред Спаркс (1849—1853)
  • Джеймс Уолкер (1853—1860)
  • Корнелиус Конвэй Фелтон (1860—1862)
  • Томас Хилл (1862—1868)
  • Чарльз Уильямм Эллиот (1869—1909)
  • Эббот Лоуренс Лоуэлл (1909—1933)
  • Джеймс Брайан Конант (1933—1953)
  • Натан Марш Пёси (1953—1971)
  • Дерек Кёртис Бок (1971—1991)
  • Нейл Леон Руденстайн (1991—2001)
  • Саммерс, Лоуренс (1 июля 2001 — 30 июня 2006)
  • Дрю Джиллин Фауст (1 июля 2007 — настоящее время)

Известные преподаватели

В скобках указаны годы преподавания.

  • Элайс Кори (1959—настоящее время) — химик-органик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по химии.
  • Дадли Xершбах (1963 — настоящее время) — американский химик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по химии.
  • Уильям Липскомб (1959—1990) — американский химик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по химии.
  • Норман Рамзей (1947—2011) — американский физик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по физике.
  • Джулиан Швингер (1945—1972) — американский физик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по физике.
  • Амартия Сен (1998—1999, 2004—настоящее время) — индийский экономист, лауреат Нобелевской премии по экономике.
  • Джеймс Уотсон (1956—1976) — американский биолог, лауреат Нобелевской премии по физиологии и медицине.
  • Роберт Вудворд (1937—1979) — химик-органик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по химии.
  • Роберт Мертон (1998—настоящее время) — американский экономист, лауреат Нобелевской премии по экономике.
  • Генри Луис Гейтс (1991—настоящее время) — литературный критик, историк и писатель.
  • Самюэль Хантингтон (1927) — американский социолог и политолог.
  • Стивен Джей Гулд (1941—2002) — известный американский палеонтолог, биолог-эволюционист и историк науки.

Известные выпускники

Восемь президентов США заканчивали Гарвардский университет:

  • Джон Адамс — 2-й президент США,
  • Джон Куинси Адамс — 6-й президент США,
  • Резерфорд Хейз — 19-й президент США,
  • Теодор Рузвельт — 26-й президент США,
  • Франклин Рузвельт — 32-й президент США,
  • Джон Кеннеди — 35-й президент США,
  • Джордж Буш — 43-й президент США,
  • Барак Обама — 44-й президент США;

49 лауреатов Нобелевской премии были выпускниками, преподавателями или сотрудниками университета, среди них:

  • Теодор Ричардс — американский химик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по химии,
  • Дэвид Ли — американский физик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по физике,
  • Роалд Хофман — американский химик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по химии,
  • Альберт Гор — вице-президент США с 1993 по 2001 год в администрации Билла Клинтона, лауреат Нобелевской премии мира,
  • Пол Самуэльсон — видный американский экономист, лауреат Нобелевской премии по экономике.

36 лауреатов Пулитцеровской премии, среди которых:

  • Эллиот Картер — американский композитор,
  • Артур Шлейзингер — американский историк и писатель,
  • Дэвид Сангер — сотрудник «The New York Times», шеф Вашингтонского бюро, член Совета по международным отношениям,
  • Саманта Пауэр — американский журналист, учёный и государственный деятель, старший советник Барака Обамы по вопросам внешней политики.

Бизнесмены, политики, деятели науки, кино, телевидения, спорта и музыки, среди которых:

  • Дэвид Рокфеллер — известный американский банкир, государственный деятель, глобалист и текущий глава дома Рокфеллер
  • Билл Гейтс — один из создателей (совместно с Полом Алленом) и крупнейший акционер компании Microsoft.
  • Даррен Аронофски — американский кинорежиссёр, сценарист и продюсер,
  • Филлип Кауфман — американский кинорежиссёр, сценарист и актёр,
  • Мэтт Дэймон — американский актёр, продюсер и сценарист, лауреат премий «Оскар» и «Золотой глобус»,
  • Конан О’Брайен — американский комик, телеведущий, сценарист,
  • Дмитрий Набоков — американский переводчик и оперный певец (бас),
  • Марк Цукерберг — разработчик, основатель и генеральный директор социальной сети Facebook,
  • Стив Балмер — генеральный директор Корпорации Майкрософт,
  • Фумихико Маки — видный японский архитектор, основатель футуристического движения метаболистов,
  • Гарольд Бродки — американский писатель,
  • Мэсон, Френсис ван Викк — американский писатель,
  • Чарльз Хэпгуд — американский ученый предложивший теорию сдвига полюсов,
  • Натали Портман — американская актриса, кинопродюсер, кинорежиссёр и сценарист[24],
  • Тобиас Лир — личный секретарь Джорджа Вашингтона.

Интересные факты

  • Колокола звонницы Гарвардского университета ранее находились в Свято-Даниловом монастыре и были проданы советским правительством по цене бронзы в 1930-х годах. В 2007 году колокола были возвращены в монастырь, взамен на точные копии, отлитые в Воронеже[25].
  • В парке Harvard Yard находится статуя сидящего Джона Гарварда, выполненная скульптором Даниэлем Френчем. Табличка под статуей гласит: «Джон Гарвард, основатель, 1638». Студенты университета называют эту скульптуру «Статуей тройной лжи». В действительности, сидящий мужчина — не Джон Гарвард, а студент университета Герман Шор, который был выбран случайным образом и стал моделью для скульптора; Джон Гарвард не был основателем университета, а только вкладчиком, пожертвовав ему свою библиотеку и половину состояния; университет был основан на два года раньше указанной даты — в 1636 году.[26]
  • Отметки на Гарвардском мосту сделаны в малораспространённой единице длины — смутах. В 1958 году студенты MIT решили измерить длину Гарвардского моста, соединяющего Бостон и Кембридж с помощью одного из своей компании — студента по имени Оливер Смут, которого в лежачем положении перемещали дальше и дальше, делая краской отметки. Общая длина моста составила «364,4 смута и ещё одно ухо», а сама единица смут равна примерно 170 сантиметрам. После реконструкции моста в 1988 году городские власти стёрли все отметки, которые студенты постоянно обновляли. Однако вмешались полицейские, которым было удобно сообщать о происшествиях на мосту, ориентируясь по смутам, и линии восстановили. Сам Оливер Смут потом стал президентом Американского национального института стандартов, а впоследствии и возглавил Международную организацию по стандартизации.[27]
  • Среди студентов существует поверье, что если потереть носок туфли статуи сидящего Джона Гарварда, то можно с легкостью сдать экзамены. Именно поэтому носок выпирающей туфли отполирован до блеска.
  • В честь Гарвардского университета назван астероид (736) Гарвард, открытый в 1912 году.

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 Faculties and Allied Institutions. Office of the Provost, Harvard University (2009). Архивировано из первоисточника 15 июля 2012. Проверено 27 августа 2010.
  2. ↑ The American College and University. — University of Georgia Press, 1961. — P. 3. — ISBN 0820312851
  3. ↑ Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University. — Oxford University Press, 2001. — P. 463–481.
  4. ↑ Spaulding Christina Sexual Shakedown // How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. — South End Press, 1989. — P. 326–336.
  5. ↑ Гарвард (Harvard)
  6. ↑ Story, Ronald (1975). «Harvard and the Boston Brahmins: A Study in Institutional and Class Development, 1800–1865». Journal of Social History 8 (3): 94–121.
  7. ↑ Farrell Betty G. Elite Families: Class and Power in Nineteenth-Century Boston. — State University of New York Press, 1993. — ISBN 0791415937
  8. ↑ Member Institutions and years of Admission. Association of American Universities. Архивировано из первоисточника 15 июля 2012. Проверено 28 августа 2010.
  9. ↑ U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2009 Endowment Market Value. National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. Архивировано из первоисточника 26 февраля 2012. Проверено 27 августа 2010.
  10. ↑ Faculties and Allied Institutions. Office of the Provost, Harvard University. Архивировано из первоисточника 15 июля 2012. Проверено 27 августа 2010.
  11. ↑ Harvard at a Glance. Harvard University. Архивировано из первоисточника 15 июля 2012. Проверено 28 ноября 2010.
  12. ↑ Janhavi Kumar Sapra. Billionaire Universities, Forbes (August 11, 2010). Проверено 31 августа 2010.
  13. ↑ The Nation’s Largest Libraries: A Listing By Volumes Held  (англ.). American Library Association. Архивировано из первоисточника 26 октября 2012. Проверено 27 сентября 2012.
  14. ↑ Office of Institutional Research. Harvard University Fact Book 2008-09. — 2009. («Faculty»)
  15. ↑ Harvard University. Financial Report, Fiscal Year 2009. — 2009. p. 20.
  16. ↑ Burlington Free Press, June 24, 2009, page 11B, ««Harvard to cut 275 jobs» Associated Press
  17. ↑ M2 Cambridge Shuttle. MASCO. Архивировано из первоисточника 10 августа 2012. Проверено 28 августа 2010.
  18. ↑ Biography in the Exeter Bulletin
  19. ↑ Morison, Samuel Eliot Three Centuries of Harvard: 1636–1936. — 1936. — P. 476–478.
  20. ↑ Sofen, Adam A. «Radcliffe Enters Historic Merger With Harvard», April 21, 1999.[1]
  21. ↑ Dudley House site
  22. ↑ «Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences», February 2007
  23. ↑ «Dean’s Letter on Growth and Renewal of the faculty, «, April 2007
  24. ↑ Poole, Oliver Star Wars actress tells of her own battle with fame  (англ.). The Daily Telegraph (23 апреля 2002). Архивировано из первоисточника 31 января 2012. Проверено 11 сентября 2012.
  25. ↑ Воронежский звон — в Москву прибыли колокола для Гарвардского университета
  26. ↑ the statue of three lies
  27. ↑ This Month In MIT History

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