Как пишется халяль на английском

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The word halal in Arabic. It is used as a visual marker for Muslims in restaurants, shops and on products.

Halal (; Arabic: حلال, ḥalāl) is an Arabic word that translates to «permissible» in English. In the Quran, the word halal is contrasted with haram (forbidden). This binary opposition was elaborated into a more complex classification known as «the five decisions»: mandatory, recommended, neutral, reprehensible and forbidden.[1] Islamic jurists disagree on whether the term halal covers the first two or the first four of these categories.[1] In recent times, Islamic movements seeking to mobilize the masses and authors writing for a popular audience have emphasized the simpler distinction of halal and haram.[2][3]

The term halal is particularly associated with Islamic dietary laws and especially meat processed and prepared in accordance with those requirements.

In the Quran[edit]

The words halal and haram are the usual terms used in the Quran to designate the categories of lawful or allowed and unlawful or forbidden. In the Quran, the root h-l-l denotes lawfulness and may also indicate exiting the ritual state of a pilgrim and entering a profane state. In both these senses, it has an opposite meaning to that conveyed by the root h-r-m (cf. haram and ihram). In a literal sense, the root h-r-m may refer to dissolution (e.g., breaking of an oath) or alighting (e.g., of God’s wrath). Lawfulness is usually indicated in the Quran by means of the verb ahalla (to make lawful), with God as the stated or implied subject.[3]

Foods[edit]

A halal sign in Chinese (清真 qīng zhēn) at a restaurant in Taipei, Taiwan

Islam generally considers every food halal unless it is specifically prohibited by the Hadith or the Qur’an.[4] Specifically, halal foods are those that are:

  1. Made, produced, manufactured, processed, and stored using machinery, equipment, and/or utensils that have been cleaned according to Islamic law (Shariah).
  2. Free from any component that Muslims are prohibited from eating according to Islamic law.[5]

The most common example of haram (non-halal) food is pork. While pork is the only meat that categorically may not be consumed by Muslims (the Quran forbids it,[6] Surah 2:173 and 16:115)[7][8] other foods not in a state of purity are also considered haram. The criteria for non-pork items include their source, the cause of the animal’s death and how it was processed. The majority of Islamic scholars consider shellfish and other seafood halal.[9] Vegetarian cuisine is halal if it does not contain alcohol.[10]

Muslims must also ensure that all foods (particularly processed foods), as well as non-food items like cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, are halal.[11][12] Frequently, these products contain animal by-products or other ingredients that are not permissible for Muslims to eat or use on their bodies. Foods which are not considered halal for Muslims to consume include blood[13] and intoxicants such as alcoholic beverages.[14]

A Muslim who would otherwise starve to death is allowed to eat non-halal food if there is no halal food available.[8][15] During airplane flights Muslims will usually order kosher food (if halal food is not available) to ensure their chosen dish will not have any pork ingredients.

Several food companies offer halal processed foods and products, including halal foie gras, spring rolls, chicken nuggets, ravioli, lasagna, pizza and baby food.[16] Halal ready meals are a growing consumer market for Muslims in Britain and America and are offered by an increasing number of retailers.[17]

Opinions on GMO foods are mixed, although there is no widely accepted prohibition from consuming them.[18] Some clerics and scholars have expressed support, arguing that such food production methods are halal because they contribute to human well-being.[19][20] Voices in opposition to GMOs argue that there is no need for genetic modification of food crops because God created everything perfectly and man does not have any right to manipulate anything that God has created.[18] Some others have raised concern about the theoretical consumption of specific GMO foods produced using genes from pigs.[21]

Halal meat[edit]

Halal meat section at a grocery store in Canada

Halal meat must come from a supplier that uses halal practices. Dhabīḥah (ذَبِيْحَة) is the prescribed method of slaughter for all meat sources, excluding fish and other sea-life, per Islamic law. This method of slaughtering animals consists of using a sharp knife to make an incision that cuts the front of the throat, oesophagus and jugular veins but not the spinal cord.[22] The head of an animal that is slaughtered using halal methods is aligned with the qiblah. In addition to the direction, permitted animals should be slaughtered upon utterance of the Islamic prayer Bismillah.[23]

The slaughter must be performed by a Muslim man.[24] Carrion (carcasses of dead animals, such as animals who died in the wild) cannot be eaten.[8] Additionally, an animal that has been strangled, beaten (to death), killed by a fall, gored (to death), savaged by a beast of prey (unless finished off by a human), or sacrificed on a stone altar cannot be eaten.[25]

Compatibility with other religions[edit]

Animals slaughtered by non-Muslims can also be considered halal if the slaughter is carried out by jugular slice, the blood drained and the name of God invoked. As a result, kosher meat is permitted by some Muslim communities.[26]

In Sikhism, the religious prescriptions forbid from eating meat of animals that were slaughtered slowly or with religious ritual,[27] which they refer to as kutha meat.[28] This includes halal meat preparation.[29][30][31][32] The religiously recommended method of slaughter among Sikhs, known as jhatka, is likewise incompatible with halal principles,[33] as with this method not all of the blood is drained from the meat.[34]

Concerns for animal welfare[edit]

Stunning of the animal is not allowed before slaughtering. It is allowed only if necessary to calm down a violent animal.[24] However, the UK Food Standards Agency figures from 2011 suggest that 84% of cattle, 81% of sheep and 88% of chickens slaughtered for halal meat were stunned before they died. Supermarkets selling halal products also report that all animals are stunned before they are slaughtered. Tesco, for example, says «the only difference between the halal meat it sells and other meat is that it was blessed as it was killed.»[35] Concerns about animal suffering from slaughter without prior stunning has resulted in the ban of slaughter of unstunned animals in Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.[36][37]

Certification[edit]

An example of a halal certificate from India

Certification for halal products is given by legal authorities in most Muslim-majority countries, while in other countries, it is voluntarily acquired by companies and issued by non-governmental organizations for an annual fee.[38]

Halal certification in the USA[edit]

Halal certifications are provided by two major non-profit agencies in the United States, namely, Halal Monitoring Services (HMS), based out of Chicago, Illinois,[39] and Halal Food Standards Alliance of America (HFSAA), based out of Oakland, California.[40]

Criticism[edit]

In Australia, halal food certification has been criticized by groups who claim that certifying foods as halal leads to consumers subsidizing a particular religious belief.[41] Australian Federation of Islamic Councils spokesman Keysar Trad told a journalist in July 2014 that this was an attempt to exploit anti-Muslim sentiments in Australia.[42] A recent study shows that halal certifications may not necessarily reflect the extent to which a halal product came about in whole, calling for greater means of assurance and transparent qualitative methods of halal certification.[43]

Business[edit]

The Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry estimated the global industry value of halal food consumer purchases to be $1.1 trillion in 2013, accounting for 16.6 percent of the global food and beverage market, with an annual growth of 6.9 percent.[44] Growth regions include Indonesia ($197 million market value in 2012) and Turkey ($100 million).[45] The European Union market for halal food has an estimated annual growth of around 15 percent and is worth an estimated $30 billion,[16] approximately $8 billion of which are accounted for in France.[46]

The halal food and beverage industry has also made a significant impact on supermarkets and other food business such as restaurants. French supermarkets had halal food sales totalling $210 million in 2011, a 10.5% growth from five years prior. In France, the market for halal foods is even larger than the market for other types of common foods. For example, in 2010, the market for halal foods and beverages in France was nearly twice that of organic foods.[46] Auchan, a large French supermarket chain, now sells 80 certified halal meat products, along with 30 pre-cooked halal meals and 40 frozen halal products. Upscale restaurants and catering services have also added halal foods to their menus. In addition, many beverage companies such as Evian have taken the effort to add a halal stamp on their products to show that their water and other beverages are pure and not haram or forbidden under Islamic law.[47]

Interaction with global regulation[edit]

Halal standards and regulations have been considered as an obstacle to international trade while the discrimination towards import products also lacks transparency. Trade disputes related to Halal have emerged even among Muslim and Islamic countries, for instance at the regional level within the ASEAN.[48][49]

European Union[edit]

On 17 December 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that member countries may ban religious slaughter in order to promote animal welfare and could impose non-lethal stunning before the killing of animals. The ruling was in response to a challenge to a 2017 Flemish government prohibition on the killing of animals without prior non-lethal (also called reversible) stunning by Jewish and Muslim associations.[50]

India[edit]

The Muslim community has been receptive of halal food and certification.[51][52] Members of the right-wing Hindutva groups in India have protested against the sale of Halal food in India. Bajrang Dal, Vishva Hindu Parishad and other Hindutva groups have run door to door campaigns in the state of Karnataka, asking people not to purchase Halal meat. In March 2022 the Hindutva group Bajrang Dal physically attacked a Muslim meat seller, five persons were arrested in the incident. In March 2022, C. T. Ravi, national general secretary for the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, referred to halal food as «economic jihad».[53]

However, as Hindutva groups are a minority inside Hinduism, many irreligious Hindus purchase Halal meat in preference to Jhatka meat.[citation needed] This is because Jhatka (killing the animal in one blow) leaves the blood inside the meat.

United Kingdom[edit]

As of August 2012, an estimated 27 UK Tesco supermarkets, in addition to most urban Asda and many Morrisons supermarkets, have halal meat counters, selling meat approved for consumption by Muslims.[54] According to the Food Standards Agency Animal Welfare Update report, published September 2017, 16 percent of animals slaughtered by the halal method were not stunned before slaughter, which violates RSPCA standards on animal welfare.[55] However, it is legal in the UK due to an exemption in the law granted to Jews and Muslims.[56]

Non-food applications[edit]

In addition to food and diet, halal lifestyle can include travel, finance, clothing, media, recreation, cosmetics.[57] Halal lifestyle can even involve professional practises ranging from industrial and manufacturing logistics to supply chains.[43]

Pharmaceuticals[edit]

Some Muslims refrain from using pharmaceuticals that are not halal. This distinction is most noticeably practiced in Malaysia,[58] which has a large halal pharmaceutical industry, complete with government regulations to make sure the products are tayyib.[59] On the other hand, the Quran obliges Muslims to seek treatment, including preventive ones, for diseases regardless of what the care provider believes in.[60] In particular, medicines containing animal products like gelatin have been deemed permissible by a 1995 council of Islamic jurisprudents, making such distinction unnecessary.[61] The decentralized nature of Islam allows both opinions to exist.

The controversy over pharmaceuticals has led to the refusal of childhood vaccination in some Muslim-majority countries,[62] despite many religious leaders expressly endorsing vaccination.[63] It is also a concern in the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine.[60][64][65]

Personal care[edit]

Feminine hygiene products and diapers have been certified as halal in Malaysia. Such certification is not required by the religion, nor is there a demand from Muslims. Critics[who?] consider such «unnecessary» certification as little more than a marketing gimmick, e.g., halal labels on clearly vegetarian soft drinks or naturally grown food items like cereals, pulses, vegetables and processed foods made exclusively from vegetable products.[66][unreliable source?]

See also[edit]

  • Islamic ethics
  • Al-Jamia, Shia text which contains all the details of halal things.
  • Istiḥlāl
  • Halal certification in Australia
  • Halal certification in Europe
  • Taboo food and drink
  • Kashrut (Jewish dietary laws)
  • Christian dietary laws
  • Scottish pork taboo

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Vikør, Knut S. (2014). «Ḥalāl». In Emad El-Din Shahin (ed.). Sharīʿah. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  2. ^ Juan Eduardo Campo, ed. (2009). «Halal». Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 284.
  3. ^ a b Lowry, Joseph E (2006). «Lawful and Unlawful». In Jane Dammen McAuliffe (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Brill. doi:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00107.
  4. ^ «Definition of Halal». Halal Monitoring Committee U.K.
  5. ^ «What is Halal? A Guide for Non-Muslims». Islamic Council of Victoria (ICV). Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  6. ^ «Pork (لَحم الخنزير) From the Quranic Arabic Corpus – Ontology of Quranic Concepts». Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  7. ^ «Surah Al-Baqarah [2:173]». Surah Al-Baqarah [2:173]. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  8. ^ a b c «Surah An-Nahl — 115». Quran.com.
  9. ^ «You searched for seafood • Muslimversity».
  10. ^ «Is Vegetarian Cuisine always Halal?». Islamic Services of America (ISA). 24 June 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  11. ^ Kenji Sugibayashi, Eddy Yusuf, Hiroaki Todo, Sabrina Dahlizar, Pajaree Sakdiset, Florencio JrArce, and Gerard Lee See (1 July 2019). «Halal Cosmetics: A Review on Ingredients, Production, and Testing Methods». Cosmetics. 6 (3): 37. doi:10.3390/cosmetics6030037.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ «Halal for health: Scaling up halal pharmaceuticals» (PDF). The Economist. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  13. ^ Quran Surah Al-Maaida ( Verse 3 )
  14. ^ Quran Surah Al-Maidah ( Verse 90 )
  15. ^ Maqsood, Rubaiyat Waris (2004). Islam. Teach Yourself World Faiths. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-340-60901-9.
  16. ^ a b «USDA Foreign Agricultural Service – Halal Food Market» (PDF). Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  17. ^ «Halal la carte». The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  18. ^ a b Omobowale EB, Singer PA, Daar AS. (2009) The three main monotheistic religions and gm food technology: an overview of perspectives. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2009 Aug 22;9:18.
  19. ^ «Islamic scholars back agricultural innovations as ‘halal’«. Dhaka Tribune. 25 July 2019.
  20. ^ Bangladesh, Farming Future. «Farming Future Bangladesh». Farming Future Bangladesh.
  21. ^ «yahyayunus.net». www.yahyayunus.net. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009.
  22. ^ «Islamic Method of Slaughtering – Department of Halal Certification». halal certification.ie.
  23. ^ Qasmi, Qazi Mujahidul Islam (1 January 2009). The Islamic Concept of Animal Slaughter: احكام الذبيحة من المنظور الاسلامي [انكليزي] ترجمة. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. p. 44:47. ISBN 978-2-7451-6060-7.
  24. ^ a b «Department of Halal Certification EU». Department of Halal Certification EU.
  25. ^ [Quran 5:3]
  26. ^ «Lawful Foods». Just Islam. Retrieved 2 May 2014. Now in the case of Jews this is very easy. As long as the Jew is a practicing Jew and the meat is slaughtered in accordance with Jewish law (Torat Moshe) then this meat and other Kosher food is lawful (halal) and can be eaten by Muslims.
  27. ^ Menon, Aditya (14 May 2020). «Why Hindutva Outfits Are Calling for a Boycott of Halal Products». TheQuint. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  28. ^ Karen Pechilis; Selva J. Raj (2013). South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today. Routledge. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-415-44851-2. The Sikh Rahit Maryada forbids hair cutting, adultery, the use of intoxicants, and the eating of kutha meat, or meat of an animal or fowl slaughtered slowly.
  29. ^ «What does this mean in practice? — Animal rights — GCSE Religious Studies Revision». BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  30. ^ «‘Halal’ or ‘jhatka’? Punjab govt advised to make eateries disclose meat category». Hindustan Times. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  31. ^ «‘Halal’ meat against Hinduism, Sikhism, restaurants must specify: South Delhi body». The Indian Express. 26 December 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  32. ^ «Netizens slam BCCI for making Halal meat compulsory for Indian cricket team; raise questions on new diet plan». Free Press Journal. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  33. ^ Kounteya Sinha, Amit Bhattacharya & Anuradha Varma (27 March 2012). «Science of meat». The Times of India.
  34. ^ M Hasan (4 April 2022). «Halal versus jhatka: Both schools of slaughter have meat in their arguments». News Nine.
  35. ^ Eardley, Nick (12 May 2014). «What is halal meat?». BBC News.
  36. ^ Sekularac, Ivana (28 June 2011). «Dutch vote to ban religious slaughter of animals». Reuters. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  37. ^ «Comment: Danish halal, kosher ban leaves religious groups with nowhere to turn». Special Broadcasting Service. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  38. ^ Ganeshan, Balakrishna; John, Haritha (5 April 2022). «What exactly is halal certification for meat and non-meat products? Explained». The News Minute. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  39. ^ «Halal Monitoring Services — Home». hmsusa.org.
  40. ^ Masanauskas, John (18 July 2014). «Halal food outrage from anti-Islam critics». Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  41. ^ Johnson, Chris (28 December 2014). «Why halal certification is in turmoil». The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  42. ^ Masanauskas, John (18 July 2014). «Halal food outrage from anti-Islam critics». Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  43. ^ a b El Daouk, Mohamad (1 January 2022). «Introducing ḥalāl to construction supply chains in the UK’s construction sector». Journal of Islamic Marketing. ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print). doi:10.1108/JIMA-01-2022-0016. ISSN 1759-0833. S2CID 252059540.
  44. ^ «Dubai Chamber Report shows increasing preference for halal food as global market grows to US$1.1 trn | Zawya». www.zawya.com. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  45. ^ «REPORT: Consumer Demand for Halal is on the Rise». www.fdfworld.com. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  46. ^ a b «Halal Food Market». Gain.fas.usda.gov, Growth Agricultural Information Network, 15 November 2015, gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent GAIN Publications/Halal Food Market_Paris_France_11-15-2013.pdf. Accessed Nov.2018 1:00 pm
  47. ^ Baume, Maïa de la (8 September 2010). «Halal Food in France Takes an Upscale Turn». The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
  48. ^ Johan, Eva; Schebesta, Hanna (1 March 2022). «Religious Regulation Meets International Trade Law: Halal Measures, a Trade Obstacle? Evidence from the SPS and TBT Committees». Journal of International Economic Law. 25 (1): 61–73. doi:10.1093/jiel/jgac003. ISSN 1369-3034.
  49. ^ «Matrix of actual cases on NTMs/trade barriers» (PDF). ASEAN portal.
  50. ^ Nelsen, Arthur (17 December 2020). «EU states can ban kosher and halal ritual slaughter, court rules». Politico.
  51. ^ «‘Discrimination based on religion…»: Owaisi on Muslim vendor row in Karnataka». Hindustan Times. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  52. ^ «The Halal certification in the food industry and this meanings». BTSA. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  53. ^ «Muslim Meat Seller Attacked as Karnataka Hindutva Groups Now Train Focus on ‘Halal’ Meat». The Wire. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  54. ^ «National Halal Centre». National Halal Food Group. National Halal Food Group. 20 August 2012. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  55. ^ «Religious Slaughter – RSPCA». RSPCA. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  56. ^ «Halal hysteria». New Statesman. 9 May 2012. The stunning of livestock before slaughter has been compulsory in the EU since 1979 but most member states, including the UK, grant exemptions to Muslims and Jews.
  57. ^ «Halal Lifestyle in Indonesia – UN World Tourism Organization» (PDF). Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  58. ^ «Halal And Haram Medicines (Islamic Perspective)». PORTAL MyHEALTH. 8 November 2016.
  59. ^ «Prospects of Halal Pharmaceuticals».
  60. ^ a b Hussain, Shadim (27 November 2020). «Why are some Muslims suspicious of a COVID-19 vaccine?». ABC Religion & Ethics.
  61. ^ Gezairy HA (17 July 2001). «(Form letter EDB.7/3 P6/61/3)» (PDF). World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Retrieved 12 May 2009.
  62. ^ Ahmed, Ali; Lee, Kah S.; Bukhsh, Allah; Al-Worafi, Yaser M.; Sarker, Md. Moklesur R.; Ming, Long C.; Khan, Tahir M. (March 2018). «Outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases in Muslim majority countries». Journal of Infection and Public Health. 11 (2): 153–155. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.007. PMID 28988775.
  63. ^ «Religious Views of Vaccination At-A-Glance» (PDF). Maine Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics.
  64. ^ «Birmingham mosque becomes UK’s first to offer Covid vaccine». BBC News. 21 January 2021.
  65. ^ Paddock, Richard C. (5 January 2021). «Is the Vaccine Halal? Indonesians Await the Answer». The New York Times.
  66. ^ Gateway, Salaam. «Malaysian company says halal certification for its diapers, sanitary pads signal safety and quality but experts question motives». Salaam Gateway — Global Islamic Economy Gateway.

Further reading[edit]

  • Yungman, Limor, «Food», in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Halal.

  • What is halal meat?
  • Halal World certificate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The word halal in Arabic. It is used as a visual marker for Muslims in restaurants, shops and on products.

Halal (; Arabic: حلال, ḥalāl) is an Arabic word that translates to «permissible» in English. In the Quran, the word halal is contrasted with haram (forbidden). This binary opposition was elaborated into a more complex classification known as «the five decisions»: mandatory, recommended, neutral, reprehensible and forbidden.[1] Islamic jurists disagree on whether the term halal covers the first two or the first four of these categories.[1] In recent times, Islamic movements seeking to mobilize the masses and authors writing for a popular audience have emphasized the simpler distinction of halal and haram.[2][3]

The term halal is particularly associated with Islamic dietary laws and especially meat processed and prepared in accordance with those requirements.

In the Quran[edit]

The words halal and haram are the usual terms used in the Quran to designate the categories of lawful or allowed and unlawful or forbidden. In the Quran, the root h-l-l denotes lawfulness and may also indicate exiting the ritual state of a pilgrim and entering a profane state. In both these senses, it has an opposite meaning to that conveyed by the root h-r-m (cf. haram and ihram). In a literal sense, the root h-r-m may refer to dissolution (e.g., breaking of an oath) or alighting (e.g., of God’s wrath). Lawfulness is usually indicated in the Quran by means of the verb ahalla (to make lawful), with God as the stated or implied subject.[3]

Foods[edit]

A halal sign in Chinese (清真 qīng zhēn) at a restaurant in Taipei, Taiwan

Islam generally considers every food halal unless it is specifically prohibited by the Hadith or the Qur’an.[4] Specifically, halal foods are those that are:

  1. Made, produced, manufactured, processed, and stored using machinery, equipment, and/or utensils that have been cleaned according to Islamic law (Shariah).
  2. Free from any component that Muslims are prohibited from eating according to Islamic law.[5]

The most common example of haram (non-halal) food is pork. While pork is the only meat that categorically may not be consumed by Muslims (the Quran forbids it,[6] Surah 2:173 and 16:115)[7][8] other foods not in a state of purity are also considered haram. The criteria for non-pork items include their source, the cause of the animal’s death and how it was processed. The majority of Islamic scholars consider shellfish and other seafood halal.[9] Vegetarian cuisine is halal if it does not contain alcohol.[10]

Muslims must also ensure that all foods (particularly processed foods), as well as non-food items like cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, are halal.[11][12] Frequently, these products contain animal by-products or other ingredients that are not permissible for Muslims to eat or use on their bodies. Foods which are not considered halal for Muslims to consume include blood[13] and intoxicants such as alcoholic beverages.[14]

A Muslim who would otherwise starve to death is allowed to eat non-halal food if there is no halal food available.[8][15] During airplane flights Muslims will usually order kosher food (if halal food is not available) to ensure their chosen dish will not have any pork ingredients.

Several food companies offer halal processed foods and products, including halal foie gras, spring rolls, chicken nuggets, ravioli, lasagna, pizza and baby food.[16] Halal ready meals are a growing consumer market for Muslims in Britain and America and are offered by an increasing number of retailers.[17]

Opinions on GMO foods are mixed, although there is no widely accepted prohibition from consuming them.[18] Some clerics and scholars have expressed support, arguing that such food production methods are halal because they contribute to human well-being.[19][20] Voices in opposition to GMOs argue that there is no need for genetic modification of food crops because God created everything perfectly and man does not have any right to manipulate anything that God has created.[18] Some others have raised concern about the theoretical consumption of specific GMO foods produced using genes from pigs.[21]

Halal meat[edit]

Halal meat section at a grocery store in Canada

Halal meat must come from a supplier that uses halal practices. Dhabīḥah (ذَبِيْحَة) is the prescribed method of slaughter for all meat sources, excluding fish and other sea-life, per Islamic law. This method of slaughtering animals consists of using a sharp knife to make an incision that cuts the front of the throat, oesophagus and jugular veins but not the spinal cord.[22] The head of an animal that is slaughtered using halal methods is aligned with the qiblah. In addition to the direction, permitted animals should be slaughtered upon utterance of the Islamic prayer Bismillah.[23]

The slaughter must be performed by a Muslim man.[24] Carrion (carcasses of dead animals, such as animals who died in the wild) cannot be eaten.[8] Additionally, an animal that has been strangled, beaten (to death), killed by a fall, gored (to death), savaged by a beast of prey (unless finished off by a human), or sacrificed on a stone altar cannot be eaten.[25]

Compatibility with other religions[edit]

Animals slaughtered by non-Muslims can also be considered halal if the slaughter is carried out by jugular slice, the blood drained and the name of God invoked. As a result, kosher meat is permitted by some Muslim communities.[26]

In Sikhism, the religious prescriptions forbid from eating meat of animals that were slaughtered slowly or with religious ritual,[27] which they refer to as kutha meat.[28] This includes halal meat preparation.[29][30][31][32] The religiously recommended method of slaughter among Sikhs, known as jhatka, is likewise incompatible with halal principles,[33] as with this method not all of the blood is drained from the meat.[34]

Concerns for animal welfare[edit]

Stunning of the animal is not allowed before slaughtering. It is allowed only if necessary to calm down a violent animal.[24] However, the UK Food Standards Agency figures from 2011 suggest that 84% of cattle, 81% of sheep and 88% of chickens slaughtered for halal meat were stunned before they died. Supermarkets selling halal products also report that all animals are stunned before they are slaughtered. Tesco, for example, says «the only difference between the halal meat it sells and other meat is that it was blessed as it was killed.»[35] Concerns about animal suffering from slaughter without prior stunning has resulted in the ban of slaughter of unstunned animals in Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.[36][37]

Certification[edit]

An example of a halal certificate from India

Certification for halal products is given by legal authorities in most Muslim-majority countries, while in other countries, it is voluntarily acquired by companies and issued by non-governmental organizations for an annual fee.[38]

Halal certification in the USA[edit]

Halal certifications are provided by two major non-profit agencies in the United States, namely, Halal Monitoring Services (HMS), based out of Chicago, Illinois,[39] and Halal Food Standards Alliance of America (HFSAA), based out of Oakland, California.[40]

Criticism[edit]

In Australia, halal food certification has been criticized by groups who claim that certifying foods as halal leads to consumers subsidizing a particular religious belief.[41] Australian Federation of Islamic Councils spokesman Keysar Trad told a journalist in July 2014 that this was an attempt to exploit anti-Muslim sentiments in Australia.[42] A recent study shows that halal certifications may not necessarily reflect the extent to which a halal product came about in whole, calling for greater means of assurance and transparent qualitative methods of halal certification.[43]

Business[edit]

The Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry estimated the global industry value of halal food consumer purchases to be $1.1 trillion in 2013, accounting for 16.6 percent of the global food and beverage market, with an annual growth of 6.9 percent.[44] Growth regions include Indonesia ($197 million market value in 2012) and Turkey ($100 million).[45] The European Union market for halal food has an estimated annual growth of around 15 percent and is worth an estimated $30 billion,[16] approximately $8 billion of which are accounted for in France.[46]

The halal food and beverage industry has also made a significant impact on supermarkets and other food business such as restaurants. French supermarkets had halal food sales totalling $210 million in 2011, a 10.5% growth from five years prior. In France, the market for halal foods is even larger than the market for other types of common foods. For example, in 2010, the market for halal foods and beverages in France was nearly twice that of organic foods.[46] Auchan, a large French supermarket chain, now sells 80 certified halal meat products, along with 30 pre-cooked halal meals and 40 frozen halal products. Upscale restaurants and catering services have also added halal foods to their menus. In addition, many beverage companies such as Evian have taken the effort to add a halal stamp on their products to show that their water and other beverages are pure and not haram or forbidden under Islamic law.[47]

Interaction with global regulation[edit]

Halal standards and regulations have been considered as an obstacle to international trade while the discrimination towards import products also lacks transparency. Trade disputes related to Halal have emerged even among Muslim and Islamic countries, for instance at the regional level within the ASEAN.[48][49]

European Union[edit]

On 17 December 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that member countries may ban religious slaughter in order to promote animal welfare and could impose non-lethal stunning before the killing of animals. The ruling was in response to a challenge to a 2017 Flemish government prohibition on the killing of animals without prior non-lethal (also called reversible) stunning by Jewish and Muslim associations.[50]

India[edit]

The Muslim community has been receptive of halal food and certification.[51][52] Members of the right-wing Hindutva groups in India have protested against the sale of Halal food in India. Bajrang Dal, Vishva Hindu Parishad and other Hindutva groups have run door to door campaigns in the state of Karnataka, asking people not to purchase Halal meat. In March 2022 the Hindutva group Bajrang Dal physically attacked a Muslim meat seller, five persons were arrested in the incident. In March 2022, C. T. Ravi, national general secretary for the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, referred to halal food as «economic jihad».[53]

However, as Hindutva groups are a minority inside Hinduism, many irreligious Hindus purchase Halal meat in preference to Jhatka meat.[citation needed] This is because Jhatka (killing the animal in one blow) leaves the blood inside the meat.

United Kingdom[edit]

As of August 2012, an estimated 27 UK Tesco supermarkets, in addition to most urban Asda and many Morrisons supermarkets, have halal meat counters, selling meat approved for consumption by Muslims.[54] According to the Food Standards Agency Animal Welfare Update report, published September 2017, 16 percent of animals slaughtered by the halal method were not stunned before slaughter, which violates RSPCA standards on animal welfare.[55] However, it is legal in the UK due to an exemption in the law granted to Jews and Muslims.[56]

Non-food applications[edit]

In addition to food and diet, halal lifestyle can include travel, finance, clothing, media, recreation, cosmetics.[57] Halal lifestyle can even involve professional practises ranging from industrial and manufacturing logistics to supply chains.[43]

Pharmaceuticals[edit]

Some Muslims refrain from using pharmaceuticals that are not halal. This distinction is most noticeably practiced in Malaysia,[58] which has a large halal pharmaceutical industry, complete with government regulations to make sure the products are tayyib.[59] On the other hand, the Quran obliges Muslims to seek treatment, including preventive ones, for diseases regardless of what the care provider believes in.[60] In particular, medicines containing animal products like gelatin have been deemed permissible by a 1995 council of Islamic jurisprudents, making such distinction unnecessary.[61] The decentralized nature of Islam allows both opinions to exist.

The controversy over pharmaceuticals has led to the refusal of childhood vaccination in some Muslim-majority countries,[62] despite many religious leaders expressly endorsing vaccination.[63] It is also a concern in the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine.[60][64][65]

Personal care[edit]

Feminine hygiene products and diapers have been certified as halal in Malaysia. Such certification is not required by the religion, nor is there a demand from Muslims. Critics[who?] consider such «unnecessary» certification as little more than a marketing gimmick, e.g., halal labels on clearly vegetarian soft drinks or naturally grown food items like cereals, pulses, vegetables and processed foods made exclusively from vegetable products.[66][unreliable source?]

See also[edit]

  • Islamic ethics
  • Al-Jamia, Shia text which contains all the details of halal things.
  • Istiḥlāl
  • Halal certification in Australia
  • Halal certification in Europe
  • Taboo food and drink
  • Kashrut (Jewish dietary laws)
  • Christian dietary laws
  • Scottish pork taboo

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Vikør, Knut S. (2014). «Ḥalāl». In Emad El-Din Shahin (ed.). Sharīʿah. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  2. ^ Juan Eduardo Campo, ed. (2009). «Halal». Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 284.
  3. ^ a b Lowry, Joseph E (2006). «Lawful and Unlawful». In Jane Dammen McAuliffe (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Brill. doi:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00107.
  4. ^ «Definition of Halal». Halal Monitoring Committee U.K.
  5. ^ «What is Halal? A Guide for Non-Muslims». Islamic Council of Victoria (ICV). Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  6. ^ «Pork (لَحم الخنزير) From the Quranic Arabic Corpus – Ontology of Quranic Concepts». Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  7. ^ «Surah Al-Baqarah [2:173]». Surah Al-Baqarah [2:173]. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  8. ^ a b c «Surah An-Nahl — 115». Quran.com.
  9. ^ «You searched for seafood • Muslimversity».
  10. ^ «Is Vegetarian Cuisine always Halal?». Islamic Services of America (ISA). 24 June 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  11. ^ Kenji Sugibayashi, Eddy Yusuf, Hiroaki Todo, Sabrina Dahlizar, Pajaree Sakdiset, Florencio JrArce, and Gerard Lee See (1 July 2019). «Halal Cosmetics: A Review on Ingredients, Production, and Testing Methods». Cosmetics. 6 (3): 37. doi:10.3390/cosmetics6030037.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ «Halal for health: Scaling up halal pharmaceuticals» (PDF). The Economist. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  13. ^ Quran Surah Al-Maaida ( Verse 3 )
  14. ^ Quran Surah Al-Maidah ( Verse 90 )
  15. ^ Maqsood, Rubaiyat Waris (2004). Islam. Teach Yourself World Faiths. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-340-60901-9.
  16. ^ a b «USDA Foreign Agricultural Service – Halal Food Market» (PDF). Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  17. ^ «Halal la carte». The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  18. ^ a b Omobowale EB, Singer PA, Daar AS. (2009) The three main monotheistic religions and gm food technology: an overview of perspectives. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2009 Aug 22;9:18.
  19. ^ «Islamic scholars back agricultural innovations as ‘halal’«. Dhaka Tribune. 25 July 2019.
  20. ^ Bangladesh, Farming Future. «Farming Future Bangladesh». Farming Future Bangladesh.
  21. ^ «yahyayunus.net». www.yahyayunus.net. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009.
  22. ^ «Islamic Method of Slaughtering – Department of Halal Certification». halal certification.ie.
  23. ^ Qasmi, Qazi Mujahidul Islam (1 January 2009). The Islamic Concept of Animal Slaughter: احكام الذبيحة من المنظور الاسلامي [انكليزي] ترجمة. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. p. 44:47. ISBN 978-2-7451-6060-7.
  24. ^ a b «Department of Halal Certification EU». Department of Halal Certification EU.
  25. ^ [Quran 5:3]
  26. ^ «Lawful Foods». Just Islam. Retrieved 2 May 2014. Now in the case of Jews this is very easy. As long as the Jew is a practicing Jew and the meat is slaughtered in accordance with Jewish law (Torat Moshe) then this meat and other Kosher food is lawful (halal) and can be eaten by Muslims.
  27. ^ Menon, Aditya (14 May 2020). «Why Hindutva Outfits Are Calling for a Boycott of Halal Products». TheQuint. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  28. ^ Karen Pechilis; Selva J. Raj (2013). South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today. Routledge. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-415-44851-2. The Sikh Rahit Maryada forbids hair cutting, adultery, the use of intoxicants, and the eating of kutha meat, or meat of an animal or fowl slaughtered slowly.
  29. ^ «What does this mean in practice? — Animal rights — GCSE Religious Studies Revision». BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  30. ^ «‘Halal’ or ‘jhatka’? Punjab govt advised to make eateries disclose meat category». Hindustan Times. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  31. ^ «‘Halal’ meat against Hinduism, Sikhism, restaurants must specify: South Delhi body». The Indian Express. 26 December 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  32. ^ «Netizens slam BCCI for making Halal meat compulsory for Indian cricket team; raise questions on new diet plan». Free Press Journal. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  33. ^ Kounteya Sinha, Amit Bhattacharya & Anuradha Varma (27 March 2012). «Science of meat». The Times of India.
  34. ^ M Hasan (4 April 2022). «Halal versus jhatka: Both schools of slaughter have meat in their arguments». News Nine.
  35. ^ Eardley, Nick (12 May 2014). «What is halal meat?». BBC News.
  36. ^ Sekularac, Ivana (28 June 2011). «Dutch vote to ban religious slaughter of animals». Reuters. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  37. ^ «Comment: Danish halal, kosher ban leaves religious groups with nowhere to turn». Special Broadcasting Service. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  38. ^ Ganeshan, Balakrishna; John, Haritha (5 April 2022). «What exactly is halal certification for meat and non-meat products? Explained». The News Minute. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  39. ^ «Halal Monitoring Services — Home». hmsusa.org.
  40. ^ Masanauskas, John (18 July 2014). «Halal food outrage from anti-Islam critics». Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  41. ^ Johnson, Chris (28 December 2014). «Why halal certification is in turmoil». The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  42. ^ Masanauskas, John (18 July 2014). «Halal food outrage from anti-Islam critics». Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  43. ^ a b El Daouk, Mohamad (1 January 2022). «Introducing ḥalāl to construction supply chains in the UK’s construction sector». Journal of Islamic Marketing. ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print). doi:10.1108/JIMA-01-2022-0016. ISSN 1759-0833. S2CID 252059540.
  44. ^ «Dubai Chamber Report shows increasing preference for halal food as global market grows to US$1.1 trn | Zawya». www.zawya.com. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  45. ^ «REPORT: Consumer Demand for Halal is on the Rise». www.fdfworld.com. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  46. ^ a b «Halal Food Market». Gain.fas.usda.gov, Growth Agricultural Information Network, 15 November 2015, gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent GAIN Publications/Halal Food Market_Paris_France_11-15-2013.pdf. Accessed Nov.2018 1:00 pm
  47. ^ Baume, Maïa de la (8 September 2010). «Halal Food in France Takes an Upscale Turn». The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
  48. ^ Johan, Eva; Schebesta, Hanna (1 March 2022). «Religious Regulation Meets International Trade Law: Halal Measures, a Trade Obstacle? Evidence from the SPS and TBT Committees». Journal of International Economic Law. 25 (1): 61–73. doi:10.1093/jiel/jgac003. ISSN 1369-3034.
  49. ^ «Matrix of actual cases on NTMs/trade barriers» (PDF). ASEAN portal.
  50. ^ Nelsen, Arthur (17 December 2020). «EU states can ban kosher and halal ritual slaughter, court rules». Politico.
  51. ^ «‘Discrimination based on religion…»: Owaisi on Muslim vendor row in Karnataka». Hindustan Times. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  52. ^ «The Halal certification in the food industry and this meanings». BTSA. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  53. ^ «Muslim Meat Seller Attacked as Karnataka Hindutva Groups Now Train Focus on ‘Halal’ Meat». The Wire. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  54. ^ «National Halal Centre». National Halal Food Group. National Halal Food Group. 20 August 2012. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  55. ^ «Religious Slaughter – RSPCA». RSPCA. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  56. ^ «Halal hysteria». New Statesman. 9 May 2012. The stunning of livestock before slaughter has been compulsory in the EU since 1979 but most member states, including the UK, grant exemptions to Muslims and Jews.
  57. ^ «Halal Lifestyle in Indonesia – UN World Tourism Organization» (PDF). Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  58. ^ «Halal And Haram Medicines (Islamic Perspective)». PORTAL MyHEALTH. 8 November 2016.
  59. ^ «Prospects of Halal Pharmaceuticals».
  60. ^ a b Hussain, Shadim (27 November 2020). «Why are some Muslims suspicious of a COVID-19 vaccine?». ABC Religion & Ethics.
  61. ^ Gezairy HA (17 July 2001). «(Form letter EDB.7/3 P6/61/3)» (PDF). World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Retrieved 12 May 2009.
  62. ^ Ahmed, Ali; Lee, Kah S.; Bukhsh, Allah; Al-Worafi, Yaser M.; Sarker, Md. Moklesur R.; Ming, Long C.; Khan, Tahir M. (March 2018). «Outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases in Muslim majority countries». Journal of Infection and Public Health. 11 (2): 153–155. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.007. PMID 28988775.
  63. ^ «Religious Views of Vaccination At-A-Glance» (PDF). Maine Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics.
  64. ^ «Birmingham mosque becomes UK’s first to offer Covid vaccine». BBC News. 21 January 2021.
  65. ^ Paddock, Richard C. (5 January 2021). «Is the Vaccine Halal? Indonesians Await the Answer». The New York Times.
  66. ^ Gateway, Salaam. «Malaysian company says halal certification for its diapers, sanitary pads signal safety and quality but experts question motives». Salaam Gateway — Global Islamic Economy Gateway.

Further reading[edit]

  • Yungman, Limor, «Food», in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Halal.

  • What is halal meat?
  • Halal World certificate

Произношение Халяль
Ваш броузер не поддерживает аудио

Халяль – 12 результатов перевода

Круче не бывает.

Ну да, халяль.

Ты серьезно?

The business!

That’s right, halal.

Are you serious?

Это ритуальный убой скота.

Халяль.

Ну конечно.

Ritual slaughter.

Halal.

Of course.

-Как это?

У нас юноша становится халяль в день, когда он делает предложение будущей жене.

Тогда будущий тесть ведет его в свою комнату и проверяет, упругая ли у него простата, и все ли в порядке.

— What d’you mean?

With us, the boy becomes halal the day he proposes to his wife-to-be.

So the father-in-law takes him into his bedroom to check out his prostate and see that everything’s in order.

Даже твои деньги тебя не спасут.

Между бедным мусульманином и богатым французом побеждает халяль.

-Как это?

Even your money won’t protect you.

Between a poor Muslim and a rich French guy, halal always wins.

— What d’you mean?

Любому мужчине нелегко решиться на женитьбу.

Мужчине надо быть халяль. Правильно?

Это очень важно.

It isn’t easy for any man who’s taking a wife.

Every man must be halal, mustn’t he?

It’s important.

Конченые дебилы.

Можно же пойти в KFC, реальный халяль, ведро крылышек за шесть фунтов.

— Ты о чем вообще?

Complete flipping idiots.

You could’ve gone Chicken Cottage, proper halal, bargain bucket £6.99.

— What are you talking about?

Если мастер Мухаррем согласится. Я соглашусь тоже.

Это — Халяль.

Почему?

If Master Muharrem agrees, I too will agree.

Because marriage is halal in Islam.

Why?

Хоть бы подбросил кто…

Короче, Wi-Fi бесплатный, тут прямо халяль-хаус, пароль «PitaGuest» без пробелов.

Только сигнал очень слабый, приходится ловить на подоконнике.

I need that gas money, m… ♪

So the WiFi network is free, it’s Halal House, and the password is «PitaGuest,» one word.

But the signal is barely there, so you gotta get right up on the window, um, to get it.

Основываясь на недавнем опыте,

Я не хочу прекращать отношения с халяль-тележкой Виктора.

Самый крутой фалафель.

Based on my recent experience,

I never want my relationship with Victor’s halal cart to end.

Top-notch falafel.

Следующий.

М: Любишь халяль?

Ж: Не особо.

— Next.

Do you like halal?

No clue.

И что в той расшифровке?

Это звонок от Халяля – моего конкурента.

Он обсуждал контракт на мою жизнь.

Hmm. What did the transcript say?

It was a call from Khalial, one of my competitors.

He was negotiating a contract on my life.

Пытаюсь понять.

Мне позвонил Халяль, они собирались наехать на тебя.

Я подыграла, потому что не думаю, что это его идея.

I’m trying to understand it.

I received a call from Khalial, who’s going to make a move on you.

I played along because I don’t think it’s his idea.

Показать еще

Хотите знать еще больше переводов Халяль?

Мы используем только переведенные профессиональными переводчиками фразы Халяль для формирования нашей постоянно обновляющейся базы. Это позволяет максимально точно переводить не просто слова, но и целые фразы, учитывая контекст и особенности их использования.

Перевести новое выражение

Перевод «халяль» на английский

Ваш текст переведен частично.
Вы можете переводить не более 999 символов за один раз.

Войдите или зарегистрируйтесь бесплатно на PROMT.One и переводите еще больше!

<>


халяль

м.р.
существительное

Склонение




halal






Иммигранты продолжают молчать, но при этом они закрывают бары на углу и заменяют традиционные мясные лавки на магазины «халяль».

The immigrants say little, but they have closed the corner pub and replaced the traditional butcher’s with a halal one.

Больше

— / —

halal






Иммигранты продолжают молчать, но при этом они закрывают бары на углу и заменяют традиционные мясные лавки на магазины «халяль».

The immigrants say little, but they have closed the corner pub and replaced the traditional butcher’s with a halal one.

Больше

Контексты

Иммигранты продолжают молчать, но при этом они закрывают бары на углу и заменяют традиционные мясные лавки на магазины «халяль».
The immigrants say little, but they have closed the corner pub and replaced the traditional butcher’s with a halal one.

Атеистическое государство преследовало духовенство (мусульманское, христианское, еврейское), а большинство мусульман в Евразии игнорировало запрет на алкоголь, не всегда соблюдало законы о правильной пище (халяль) и пренебрегало изучением Корана и прочих священных книг.
The atheist state persecuted the clergy (whether Muslim, Christian, or Jewish), and in Eurasia most Muslims ignored the taboo on alcohol and were lax about maintaining the dietary laws (halal), while neglecting the study of the Quran and other scriptures.

Больше

Бесплатный переводчик онлайн с русского на английский

Вам нужно переводить на английский сообщения в чатах, письма бизнес-партнерам и в службы поддержки онлайн-магазинов или домашнее задание? PROMT.One мгновенно переведет с русского на английский и еще на 20+ языков.

Точный переводчик

С помощью PROMT.One   наслаждайтесь точным переводом с русского на английский,  а также смотрите английскую транскрипцию, произношение и варианты переводов слов с примерами употребления в предложениях.  Бесплатный онлайн-переводчик PROMT.One  — достойная альтернатива Google Translate и другим сервисам, предоставляющим перевод с английского на русский и с русского на английский. Переводите в браузере на персональных компьютерах, ноутбуках, на мобильных устройствах или установите мобильное приложение Переводчик PROMT.One для iOS и Android.

Нужно больше языков?

PROMT.One бесплатно переводит онлайн с русского на азербайджанский, арабский, греческий, иврит, испанский, итальянский, казахский, китайский, корейский, немецкий, португальский, татарский, турецкий, туркменский, узбекский, украинский, финский, французский, эстонский и японский.


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «халяль» на английский


Один из вопросов на повестке дня халяль рынка — наличие нескольких стандартов и процедур аккредитации.



One of the questions of the halal market’s agenda is the existence of several standards and accreditation procedures.


Все больше потребителей выбирают продукцию качества халяль.



An increasing number of consumers are meanwhile opting for quality halal products.


Тем не менее, важно выбрать сайт, который созвучен исламским принципам, чтобы убедиться, что поиск брачного партнера является халяль.



However, it is important to choose a website that has sound Islamic principles at its heart in order to ensure that your search for a marriage partner is halaal.


А чтобы проводить такую сертификацию, нужна аккредитация при национальном разработчике и контролере стандарта халяль.



In order to have this certification, you need to be registered with a national developer and controller of halal standards.


Выставка в целом была построена вокруг взаимосвязи эко и халяль.



The exhibition as a whole was built around the interaction between eco and halal.


Отрасль халяль активно развивается в самых разных секторах экономики.



The Halal industry is actively developing in various sectors of the economy.


В производстве мыла используются только натуральные ингредиенты, компания ориентируется на стандарты халяль и органик.



In the production of soap, only natural ingredients are used, the company focuses on halal and organic standards.


Более 50 компаний из 15 стран представят свой ассортимент халяль продуктов и услуг новым партнерам…



More than 50 companies from 15 countries will present their assortment of halal products and services to new partners…


Наша главная цель — обеспечить честное и качественное производство всей продукции халяль.



Our main goal is to ensure the honest and qualified production of all Halal products.


Продукт сертифицирован халяль, является натуральным и не содержит вредных веществ.



The product is halal certified, is natural and does not contain harmful substances.


Продвижение итальянского высокого качества гарантируется неукоснительным соблюдением международных стандартов халяль и европейских правил производственных процессов, подлежащих сертификации.



The promotion of high quality Italian products is guaranteed by the rigorous compliance with international halal standards and European regulations regarding the production processes that require certification.


Получение сертификата Muis дает их продуктам «гарантию халяль» от авторитетного органа.



Obtaining a Muis certificate gives their products a ‘halal assurance’ from a reputable certification body.


Создание индустрии халяль увеличит экспорт страны.



The establishment of Halal Industry will increase the exports of the country.


«Татарстан уделяет большое внимание развитию индустрии халяль.



Tatarstan pays much attention to the development of the halal industry.


В Москве завершилось крупное мероприятие в сфере халяль и эко продукции.



In Moscow, a major event in the field of halal and eco products took place.


GIES — одно из крупнейших событий исламской экономики и халяль индустрии.



GIES — one of the biggest events of the Islamic economy and Halal industry.


Правила халяль открыли новые возможности для косметической промышленности Индонезии.



Halal regulations have brought about new opportunities for the cosmetics industry in Indonesia.


В последние годы в Индонезии наблюдается тенденция к использованию косметики халяль.



In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the use of halal cosmetics in Indonesia.


Согласно опросу, 58% женщин в Индонезии сейчас предпочитают пользоваться косметикой халяль.



According to a survey, 58% of women in Indonesia now prefer to use halal cosmetics.


Мы видим возможности для роста и развития халяль пищевой промышленности.



We see opportunities to enhance the halal food industry.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 655. Точных совпадений: 655. Затраченное время: 72 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

  • Top Definitions
  • Quiz
  • Examples
  • British

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.


adjective

  1. relating to or noting meat prepared or animals slaughtered in the manner prescribed by Islamic law: a halal butcher.
  2. (of foods, medications, etc.) fit to eat or use according to Islamic law: halal baked goods;halal cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

permissible to have or do under Islamic law: halal savings accounts that do not pay interest.

noun

a halal animal or halal meat: Halal is sold at my local supermarket.

QUIZ

ALL IN FAVO(U)R OF THIS BRITISH VS. AMERICAN ENGLISH QUIZ

There’s an ocean of difference between the way people speak English in the US vs. the UK. Are your language skills up to the task of telling the difference? Let’s find out!

True or false? British English and American English are only different when it comes to slang words.

Origin of halal

First recorded in 1795–1800; from Arabic ḥalāl (noun) “that which is lawful”

Words nearby halal

halachist, Halafian, Halakah, Halakhah, halakhist, halal, halala, halalah, Halas, halation, halavah

Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

How to use halal in a sentence

  • It’s a quality pair, for sure, and even better, the chicken, like everything at Uncle C’s, is halal.

  • ‘You don’t have a choice’At Hoshine’s factories, halal food is offered in the cafeteria.

  • For other iftars, mosques use their budgets to book catering from halal restaurants.

  • Other shady practices include non-halal meat being marketed as halal.

  • As for Yasin, he strives to make sure some of his halal meat comes from his own hands.

  • Is it halal if the animal lives a miserable life while never seeing sunlight?

  • There are some examples of halal businesses trying to buck the mainstream.

  • Halal means “permissible” in Arabic and refers to food that does not contain alcohol and pork.

  • We spent a couple of distracting minutes going through the menu from the halal Pakistani place on Valencia.

  • “Hade mushe halal,” (that is not lawful,) said I to him with a loud voice.

  • “There was but little between them,” Xa a halal qui cohol ahauh; this expression is not clear.

British Dictionary definitions for halal


noun

meat from animals that have been killed according to Muslim law

adjective

of or relating to such meata halal butcher

verb -als, -alling or -alled (tr)

to kill (animals) in this way

Word Origin for halal

from Arabic: lawful

Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

  • Top Definitions
  • Quiz
  • Examples
  • British

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.


adjective

  1. relating to or noting meat prepared or animals slaughtered in the manner prescribed by Islamic law: a halal butcher.
  2. (of foods, medications, etc.) fit to eat or use according to Islamic law: halal baked goods;halal cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

permissible to have or do under Islamic law: halal savings accounts that do not pay interest.

noun

a halal animal or halal meat: Halal is sold at my local supermarket.

QUIZ

ALL IN FAVO(U)R OF THIS BRITISH VS. AMERICAN ENGLISH QUIZ

There’s an ocean of difference between the way people speak English in the US vs. the UK. Are your language skills up to the task of telling the difference? Let’s find out!

True or false? British English and American English are only different when it comes to slang words.

Origin of halal

First recorded in 1795–1800; from Arabic ḥalāl (noun) “that which is lawful”

Words nearby halal

halachist, Halafian, Halakah, Halakhah, halakhist, halal, halala, halalah, Halas, halation, halavah

Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

How to use halal in a sentence

  • It’s a quality pair, for sure, and even better, the chicken, like everything at Uncle C’s, is halal.

  • ‘You don’t have a choice’At Hoshine’s factories, halal food is offered in the cafeteria.

  • For other iftars, mosques use their budgets to book catering from halal restaurants.

  • Other shady practices include non-halal meat being marketed as halal.

  • As for Yasin, he strives to make sure some of his halal meat comes from his own hands.

  • Is it halal if the animal lives a miserable life while never seeing sunlight?

  • There are some examples of halal businesses trying to buck the mainstream.

  • Halal means “permissible” in Arabic and refers to food that does not contain alcohol and pork.

  • We spent a couple of distracting minutes going through the menu from the halal Pakistani place on Valencia.

  • “Hade mushe halal,” (that is not lawful,) said I to him with a loud voice.

  • “There was but little between them,” Xa a halal qui cohol ahauh; this expression is not clear.

British Dictionary definitions for halal


noun

meat from animals that have been killed according to Muslim law

adjective

of or relating to such meata halal butcher

verb -als, -alling or -alled (tr)

to kill (animals) in this way

Word Origin for halal

from Arabic: lawful

Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Понравилась статья? Поделить с друзьями:
  • Как пишется халляр ничек
  • Как пишется халера или холера
  • Как пишется халахуп правильно хулахуп слово
  • Как пишется халатно или холатно
  • Как пишется халапеньо или халапенью