Как пишется израильский шекель

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the ancient currency. For the present currency of the State of Israel, see Israeli new shekel. For the Talmudic tractate, see Shekalim (Talmud).

Shekel or sheqel (Akkadian: 𒅆𒅗𒇻 šiqlu or siqlu, Hebrew: שקל, plural Hebrew: שקלים sheqalim or shekels, Phoenician: 𐤔𐤒𐤋‎) is an ancient Mesopotamian coin, usually of silver. A shekel was first a unit of weight—very roughly 11 grams (0.39 oz)—and became currency in ancient Tyre and ancient Carthage and then in ancient Israel under the Maccabees.

Name[edit]

The word shekel is based on the Semitic verbal root for «weighing» (Š-Q-L), cognate to the Akkadian šiqlu or siqlu, a unit of weight equivalent to the Sumerian gin2.^[1] Use of the word was first attested in c. 2150 BC during the Akkadian Empire under the reign of Naram-Sin, and later in c. 1700 BC in the Code of Hammurabi. The Š-Q-L root is found in the Hebrew words for «to weigh» (shaqal), «weight» (mishqal) and «consideration» (shiqqul). It is cognate to the Aramaic root T-Q-L and the Arabic root Θ-Q-L ثقل, in words such as thiqal (the weight), thaqil (heavy) or Mithqal (unit of weight). The famous writing on the wall in the Biblical Book of Daniel includes a cryptic use of the word in Aramaic: «Mene, mene, teqel, u-farsin«. The word shekel came into the English language via the Hebrew Bible,^{[citation needed]} where it is first used in the Book of Genesis.^[2]

The term «shekel» has been used for a unit of weight, around 9.6 or 9.8 grams (0.34 or 0.35 oz), used in Bronze Age Europe for balance weights and fragments of bronze that may have served as money.^[3]

History[edit]

The earliest shekels were a unit of weight, used as other units such as grams and troy ounces for trading before the advent of coins. The shekel was common among western Semitic peoples. Moabites, Edomites, and Phoenicians used the shekel, although proper coinage developed very late. Carthaginian coinage was based on the shekel and may have preceded its home town of Tyre in issuing proper coins.^[4]

Coins were used and may have been invented by the early Anatolian traders who stamped their marks to avoid weighing each time used. Herodotus states that the first coinage was issued by Croesus, King of Lydia, spreading to the golden Daric (worth 20 sigloi or shekel),^[5] issued by the Persian Empire and the silver Athenian obol and drachma. Early coins were money stamped with an official seal to certify their weight. Silver ingots, some with markings were issued. Later authorities decided who designed coins.^[6]

As with many ancient units, the shekel had a variety of values depending on the era, government and region; weights between 7^[7] and 17  grams and values of 11,^[8] 14, and 17 grams are common. A two-shekel weight recently recovered near the temple area in Jerusalem and dated to the period of the First Temple weighs 23 grams,^[9] giving a weight of 11.5 grams per shekel in Israel during the monarchy. When used to pay labourers, recorded wages in the ancient world range widely. The Code of Hammurabi (circa 1800 BC) sets the value of unskilled labour at approximately ten shekels per year of work, confirmed in Israelite law by comparing Deut 15:18 with Exod 21:32.^[10] Later, records within the Persian Empire (539–333 BC) give ranges from a minimum of two shekels per month for unskilled labour, to as high as seven to ten shekels per month in some records.^[11] A survival wage for an urban household during the Persian period would require at least 22 shekels of income per year.^[11]

Israelites[edit]

Exodus 30:24 notes that the measures of the ingredients for the holy anointing oil were to be calculated using the Shekel of the Sanctuary (see also Exodus 38:24–26, and similarly at Numbers 3:47 for payment for the redemption of 273 first-born males^[12] and at Numbers 7:12–88 for the offerings of the leaders of the tribes of Israel), suggesting that there were other common measures of a shekel in use, or at least that the Temple authorities defined a standard for the shekel to be used for Temple purposes.

According to Jewish law, whenever a census of the Jewish people was to be conducted, every person that was counted was required to pay the half-Shekel for his atonement (Exodus 30:11–16).^[13]

The Aramaic tekel, similar to the Hebrew shekel, used in the writing on the wall during the feast of Belshazzar according to the Book of Daniel and defined as weighed, shares a common root with the word shekel and may even additionally attest to its original usage as a weight.

Second Temple period half-Shekel Temple tax[edit]

During the Second Temple period, it was customary among Jews to annually offer the half-Shekel into the Temple treasury, for the upkeep and maintenance of the Temple precincts, as also used in purchasing public animal offerings. This practice not only applied to Jews living in the Land of Israel, but also to Jews living outside the Land of Israel.^[15] Archaeological excavations conducted at Horvat ‘Ethry in Israel from 1999 to 2001 by Boaz Zissu and Amir Ganor of the Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA) have yielded important finds, the most-prized of which being a half-Shekel coin minted in the 2nd century CE, upon which are embossed the words «Half-Shekel» in paleo-Hebrew (Hebrew: חצי השקל). The same coin possesses a silver content of 6.87 grams.^[16] According to the Jewish historian Josephus, the annual monetary tribute of the half-Shekel to the Temple at Jerusalem was equivalent to two Athenian drachmæ, each Athenian or Attic drachma weighing a little over 4.3 grams.^[17]

First and Second Jewish Revolt[edit]

The Jerusalem shekel was issued from AD 66 to 70 amid the First Jewish Revolt as a means of emphasizing the independence of Judaea from Roman rule.

The Bar Kochba shekel was issued from AD 132 to 135 amid the Bar Kokhba Revolt for similar reasons.

Carthage[edit]

The Carthaginian or Punic shekel was typically around 7.2 grams in silver and 7.5 grams in gold (suggesting an exchange rate of 12:1).^[7] They were apparently first developed on Sicily during the mid-4th century BC.^[4] They were particularly associated with the payment of Carthage’s mercenary armies and were repeatedly debased over the course of each of the Punic Wars, although the Carthaginian Empire’s expansion into Spain under the Barcids before the Second and recovery under Hannibal before the Third permitted improving the amount and quality of the currency. Throughout, it was more common for Carthage’s holdings in North Africa to employ bronze or no coinage except when paying mercenary armies and for most of the specie to circulate in Spain, Sardinia, and Sicily.^[7]

Tyre[edit]

The Tyrian shekel began to be issued c. 300 BC.^[4] Owing to the relative purity of their silver, they were the preferred medium of payment for the Temple tax in Jerusalem despite their royal and pagan imagery. The money changers assaulted by Jesus in the New Testament are those who exchanged worshippers’ baser common currency for such shekels and they have been suggested as a possible coin used as the «30 pieces of silver» in the New Testament.^[18]

Present[edit]

Israel[edit]

The Israeli shekel (sheqel in direct transcription) replaced the Israeli pound (Hebrew: לִירָה, lira) in 1980. Its currency sign was ⟨⟩, although it was more commonly notated as ש or IS. It was subdivided into 100 new agoras or agorot. It suffered from hyperinflation and was quickly replaced.

The new shekel replaced it in 1985. Its currency sign is ⟨ ₪ ⟩, although it is often notated as ש״ח or NIS. It is subdivided into 100 agoras or agorot. Both Israeli shekels are solely units of fiat currency and not weight of precious metals. With the 2014 series of notes, the Bank of Israel abandoned the transcriptions Sheqel and Sheqalim in favor of the standard English forms Shekel and Shekels.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• Banknotes and coins catalog, Banking of Israel
• «Sheqel», Coins (catalog with pictures), Colnect
• Coins of the Ancient World, Detroit Institute of Arts, 1964

External links[edit]

• Media related to Shekel at Wikimedia Commons

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the ancient currency. For the present currency of the State of Israel, see Israeli new shekel. For the Talmudic tractate, see Shekalim (Talmud).

Shekel or sheqel (Akkadian: 𒅆𒅗𒇻 šiqlu or siqlu, Hebrew: שקל, plural Hebrew: שקלים sheqalim or shekels, Phoenician: 𐤔𐤒𐤋‎) is an ancient Mesopotamian coin, usually of silver. A shekel was first a unit of weight—very roughly 11 grams (0.39 oz)—and became currency in ancient Tyre and ancient Carthage and then in ancient Israel under the Maccabees.

Name[edit]

The word shekel is based on the Semitic verbal root for «weighing» (Š-Q-L), cognate to the Akkadian šiqlu or siqlu, a unit of weight equivalent to the Sumerian gin2.^[1] Use of the word was first attested in c. 2150 BC during the Akkadian Empire under the reign of Naram-Sin, and later in c. 1700 BC in the Code of Hammurabi. The Š-Q-L root is found in the Hebrew words for «to weigh» (shaqal), «weight» (mishqal) and «consideration» (shiqqul). It is cognate to the Aramaic root T-Q-L and the Arabic root Θ-Q-L ثقل, in words such as thiqal (the weight), thaqil (heavy) or Mithqal (unit of weight). The famous writing on the wall in the Biblical Book of Daniel includes a cryptic use of the word in Aramaic: «Mene, mene, teqel, u-farsin«. The word shekel came into the English language via the Hebrew Bible,^{[citation needed]} where it is first used in the Book of Genesis.^[2]

The term «shekel» has been used for a unit of weight, around 9.6 or 9.8 grams (0.34 or 0.35 oz), used in Bronze Age Europe for balance weights and fragments of bronze that may have served as money.^[3]

History[edit]

The earliest shekels were a unit of weight, used as other units such as grams and troy ounces for trading before the advent of coins. The shekel was common among western Semitic peoples. Moabites, Edomites, and Phoenicians used the shekel, although proper coinage developed very late. Carthaginian coinage was based on the shekel and may have preceded its home town of Tyre in issuing proper coins.^[4]

Coins were used and may have been invented by the early Anatolian traders who stamped their marks to avoid weighing each time used. Herodotus states that the first coinage was issued by Croesus, King of Lydia, spreading to the golden Daric (worth 20 sigloi or shekel),^[5] issued by the Persian Empire and the silver Athenian obol and drachma. Early coins were money stamped with an official seal to certify their weight. Silver ingots, some with markings were issued. Later authorities decided who designed coins.^[6]

As with many ancient units, the shekel had a variety of values depending on the era, government and region; weights between 7^[7] and 17  grams and values of 11,^[8] 14, and 17 grams are common. A two-shekel weight recently recovered near the temple area in Jerusalem and dated to the period of the First Temple weighs 23 grams,^[9] giving a weight of 11.5 grams per shekel in Israel during the monarchy. When used to pay labourers, recorded wages in the ancient world range widely. The Code of Hammurabi (circa 1800 BC) sets the value of unskilled labour at approximately ten shekels per year of work, confirmed in Israelite law by comparing Deut 15:18 with Exod 21:32.^[10] Later, records within the Persian Empire (539–333 BC) give ranges from a minimum of two shekels per month for unskilled labour, to as high as seven to ten shekels per month in some records.^[11] A survival wage for an urban household during the Persian period would require at least 22 shekels of income per year.^[11]

Israelites[edit]

Exodus 30:24 notes that the measures of the ingredients for the holy anointing oil were to be calculated using the Shekel of the Sanctuary (see also Exodus 38:24–26, and similarly at Numbers 3:47 for payment for the redemption of 273 first-born males^[12] and at Numbers 7:12–88 for the offerings of the leaders of the tribes of Israel), suggesting that there were other common measures of a shekel in use, or at least that the Temple authorities defined a standard for the shekel to be used for Temple purposes.

According to Jewish law, whenever a census of the Jewish people was to be conducted, every person that was counted was required to pay the half-Shekel for his atonement (Exodus 30:11–16).^[13]

The Aramaic tekel, similar to the Hebrew shekel, used in the writing on the wall during the feast of Belshazzar according to the Book of Daniel and defined as weighed, shares a common root with the word shekel and may even additionally attest to its original usage as a weight.

Second Temple period half-Shekel Temple tax[edit]

During the Second Temple period, it was customary among Jews to annually offer the half-Shekel into the Temple treasury, for the upkeep and maintenance of the Temple precincts, as also used in purchasing public animal offerings. This practice not only applied to Jews living in the Land of Israel, but also to Jews living outside the Land of Israel.^[15] Archaeological excavations conducted at Horvat ‘Ethry in Israel from 1999 to 2001 by Boaz Zissu and Amir Ganor of the Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA) have yielded important finds, the most-prized of which being a half-Shekel coin minted in the 2nd century CE, upon which are embossed the words «Half-Shekel» in paleo-Hebrew (Hebrew: חצי השקל). The same coin possesses a silver content of 6.87 grams.^[16] According to the Jewish historian Josephus, the annual monetary tribute of the half-Shekel to the Temple at Jerusalem was equivalent to two Athenian drachmæ, each Athenian or Attic drachma weighing a little over 4.3 grams.^[17]

First and Second Jewish Revolt[edit]

The Jerusalem shekel was issued from AD 66 to 70 amid the First Jewish Revolt as a means of emphasizing the independence of Judaea from Roman rule.

The Bar Kochba shekel was issued from AD 132 to 135 amid the Bar Kokhba Revolt for similar reasons.

Carthage[edit]

The Carthaginian or Punic shekel was typically around 7.2 grams in silver and 7.5 grams in gold (suggesting an exchange rate of 12:1).^[7] They were apparently first developed on Sicily during the mid-4th century BC.^[4] They were particularly associated with the payment of Carthage’s mercenary armies and were repeatedly debased over the course of each of the Punic Wars, although the Carthaginian Empire’s expansion into Spain under the Barcids before the Second and recovery under Hannibal before the Third permitted improving the amount and quality of the currency. Throughout, it was more common for Carthage’s holdings in North Africa to employ bronze or no coinage except when paying mercenary armies and for most of the specie to circulate in Spain, Sardinia, and Sicily.^[7]

Tyre[edit]

The Tyrian shekel began to be issued c. 300 BC.^[4] Owing to the relative purity of their silver, they were the preferred medium of payment for the Temple tax in Jerusalem despite their royal and pagan imagery. The money changers assaulted by Jesus in the New Testament are those who exchanged worshippers’ baser common currency for such shekels and they have been suggested as a possible coin used as the «30 pieces of silver» in the New Testament.^[18]

Present[edit]

Israel[edit]

The Israeli shekel (sheqel in direct transcription) replaced the Israeli pound (Hebrew: לִירָה, lira) in 1980. Its currency sign was ⟨⟩, although it was more commonly notated as ש or IS. It was subdivided into 100 new agoras or agorot. It suffered from hyperinflation and was quickly replaced.

The new shekel replaced it in 1985. Its currency sign is ⟨ ₪ ⟩, although it is often notated as ש״ח or NIS. It is subdivided into 100 agoras or agorot. Both Israeli shekels are solely units of fiat currency and not weight of precious metals. With the 2014 series of notes, the Bank of Israel abandoned the transcriptions Sheqel and Sheqalim in favor of the standard English forms Shekel and Shekels.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• Banknotes and coins catalog, Banking of Israel
• «Sheqel», Coins (catalog with pictures), Colnect
• Coins of the Ancient World, Detroit Institute of Arts, 1964

External links[edit]

• Media related to Shekel at Wikimedia Commons

Израильский шекель  (рус.)
שקל  (иврит) Shekel  (англ.) Shekel  (фр.)
1 шекель 1978 года
Коды и символы
Коды ISO 4217	ILR[a 1] (—)
Символы	ש
Территория обращения
Эмитент	Израиль
Производные и параллельные единицы
Дробные	Агора (1⁄100)
История
Введена	24.02.1980
Валюта-предшественник	Израильский фунт (ILP)
Изъятие из обращения	04.9.1985—04.9.1986
Валюта-преемник	Новый израильский шекель (ILS)
Производство монет и банкнот
Эмиссионный центр	Банк Израиля
	www.boi.org.il
↑ Не является кодом ISO 4217, но упоминается в стандарте

• Ше́кель или сикль (ивр. שקל‎) — мера массы золота и серебра у древних евреев и других семитских народов; шекель серебра (монета массой около 11,4 граммов) служил стандартной денежной единицей на Ближнем Востоке.
• Израильский шекель — валюта государства Израиль с 24 февраля 1980 года по 3 сентября 1985 года включительно.
• Новый шекель или новый израильский шекель (ивр. שקל חדש‎, ше́кель хада́ш, англ. New Israeli Sheqel, NIS) — валюта государства Израиль с 4 сентября 1985 года. Символ: ₪ (NIS), согласно номенклатуре ISO-4217 — ILS.

История

Древний мир

В древности шекель был мерой массы золота и серебра (так называемая «Библейская единица массы»; в русскоязычных источниках обычно упоминается как «сикль» («сикл»), к примеру, 10 сиклей серебра), в разные эпохи шекель составлял от 9 до 17 г.^[1] Слово «шекель» происходит от ивр. לשקול‎, что означает «взвешивать». Упоминание о шекеле как мере веса восходит ко второму тысячелетию до н. э.: шумеры использовали эталоном массу 1 зерна пшеницы (0,046 г) — «ше» или «шеум» (буквально — «зерно»), 180 ше составляли сикль (8,28 г, на иврите слово трансформировалось в «шекель»)^[2]. Шекель серебра был стандартной денежной единицей. Шекель как меру веса использовали евреи, моавитяне, эдомитяне, финикийцы и другие народы. Пунические монеты базировались на шекелевой мере веса, которая была заимствована у финикийцев. Тридцать серебреников, за которые, согласно Евангелиям, Иуда Искариот предал Иисуса Христа, были 30 тирскими шекелями.

Израильская лира и израильский шекель

После провозглашения в 1948 году Израиля (который до этого был британской подмандатной территорией и в качестве валюты имел палестинский фунт, строго приравненный к британскому фунту стерлингов) перед независимым государством встал вопрос о национальной валюте. Провозгласив независимость, израильтяне немедленно сменили банкноты на свои, но не поменяли название валюты. Когда банкноты заказывались, никто ещё не знал, как будет названо новое государство, не говоря уже об имени собственной валюты. Поэтому было решено напечатать на купюрах — «палестинский фунт» на английском, как и было ранее на валюте времён мандата, и «лира земли израильской» на иврите.

Лира (ивр. לירה‎) на иврите означает «фунт», поэтому «израильская лира» и «палестинский фунт» — это два разных наименования одной и той же денежной единицы.

Закон о возвращении к шекелю Кнессет (израильский парламент) принял ещё 4 июня 1969 года. То есть уже тогда от израильской лиры планировали отказаться, но точный момент для начала операции по переводу страны на новые деньги должен был быть выбран министром финансов, поэтому ещё десять лет страна пользовалась израильскими лирами. Операция по смене денег была засекречена, 22 февраля 1980 года был осуществлён переход к шекелю.

Новый израильский шекель

В связи с гиперинфляцией, достигавшей сотен процентов в год, израильский шекель сильно обесценился. После того, как израильское правительство сумело обуздать гиперинфляцию, был осуществлён переход к новой валюте, названной новый израильский шекель. Эта валюта имеет хождение с 4 сентября 1985 года и до сегодняшнего дня. После 4 сентября 1985 года выведенный из обращения израильский шекель в обиходе часто называют старым шекелем (в отличие от нового шекеля, введённого в оборот).

В оформлении банкнот использованы портреты исторических деятелей. С 1999 года идёт выпуск второй серии новых шекелей также с портретами исторических лиц, но с необычным — вертикальным дизайном.

В обращении находятся банкноты достоинством в 20, 50, 100 и 200 шекелей, монеты достоинством в 10 агор, а также ½, 1, 2^[3], 5 и 10 шекелей. Планируется выпуск банкнот достоинством в 500 шекелей и монет достоинством в 25 агор^[4]. Монета в 1 агору выведена из обращения с 1 января 1992 года. Монета достоинством в 5 агор выведена из наличного обращения с 1 января 2008 года, но её номинал в безналичном расчёте остаётся^[5], и с 1 января 2011 года эта монета перестала приниматься как законные деньги и её номинал остаётся только в безналичном расчёте.^[6] Так же существует номинал монеты достоинством в одну агору, которая была отменена в 1992 году как наличное платежное средство, но сохранено как средство платежа по безналичному расчёту^[7]. Недавно в обращение была введена монета в 2 шекеля, а также постепенно заменяются банкноты в 20 шекелей на новые — имеющие несколько отличный дизайн и изготовленные из пластика.

Новый шекель является международной свободно конвертируемой валютой с 1 января 2003 года^[8], и внесён в список из 17 свободно конвертируемых валют, используемых для расчётов глобальной межбанковской системой CLS, 26 мая 2008 года^[9]. Символическое обозначение нового шекеля — ₪. Общепринятая английская аббревиатура нового шекеля — NIS (New Israeli Sheqel). В соответствии с ISO 4217 международный код нового шекеля — ILS.

Официальный курс валюты

Тенденциозное соотношение израильской и российской валют, исходя из официальных курсов обмена на середину сентября за последнее десятилетие:

На 15 сентября 2000 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 6,7642 рублей российских

На 14 сентября 2001 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 6,8233 рублей российских

На 13 сентября 2002 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 6,6355 рублей российских

На 16 сентября 2003 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 6,2750 рублей российских

На 14 сентября 2004 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 6,5226 рублей российских

На 15 сентября 2005 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 6,2562 рублей российских

На 15 сентября 2006 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 6,1358 рублей российских

На 18 сентября 2007 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 6,1731 рублей российских

На 16 сентября 2008 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 7,1451 рублей российских

На 15 сентября 2009 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 8,2057 рублей российских

На 15 сентября 2010 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 8,2606 рублей российских

На 15 сентября 2011 года 1 новый израильский шекель = 8,3061 рублей российских^[10]

См. также

• Банкноты Государства Израиль
• Список людей, изображённых на банкнотах Государства Израиль
• Агора (монета)
• Библейские денежные единицы

Примечания

Ссылки

• Шекель — статья из Электронной еврейской энциклопедии
• Курс основных валют по отношению к шекелю
• Курсы валют  (англ.)
• История шекеля на видео за пять минут
• Израильские шекели и лиры. Галерея выпусков

Исторические валюты Израиля и Государства Палестина

Израиль Палестинский фунт (на территориях современных Израиля — до 1948 г., Западного берега — до 1950 г., Сектора Газа — до 1951 г.) = 1 фунт стерлингов 1 фунт = 1000 миллей Палестинский фунт (лира Земли Израильской) → 1:1 1 фунт = 1000 миллей = 1000 прут Израильский фунт (лира) → 1:1 1 фунт = 1000 прут Израильский фунт (лира) → 1:1 ILP • 1 фунт = 100 агор Шекель → 10:1 ILR • 1 шекель = 100 агор Новый шекель → 1000:1 ILS • 1 шекель = 100 агор Сектор Газа Египетский фунт 1 фунт = 1000 милльемов Западный берег Иорданский динар 1 динар = 1000 филсов Нет единой валюты (доллар США, новый шекель, иорданский динар…) Хроника 1927—1948 1948—1950 1950—1952 1952—1959 1960—1967 1967—1980 1980—1985 1985—1993 1993—2005 с 2005

Античные монеты и счётные денежные единицы
Древнегреческие (архаические)	Талант · Мина
Древнегреческие	Золотые: Гекта · Статер Серебряные: Драхма · Тетрадрахма Медные (бронзовые): Обол · Лепта · Халк
Древнеримские (Республика)	Серебряные: Денарий · Викториат · Квадригат · Квинарий · Сестерций Медные (бронзовые): Декуссис · Квинкуссис · Трессис (трипондий) · Дупондий · Асс · Деункс · Декстанс · Додранс · Бесс (бес) · Септункс · Семис (семисс) · Квинкункс · Триенс · Квадранс (терунция) · Секстанс · Унция · Семунция · Сициликус (квартунция)
Древнеримские (Империя)	Золотые: Ауреус · Тремисс Серебряные: Антониниан · Аргентиус (аргентус) Медные (бронзовые): Майорин (майорина) · Фоллис
Древнеримские (Провинции)	Золотые: Серебряные: Литра · Кистофор Медные (бронзовые): Ассарий (ассарион)
Византийские	Золотые: Солид (безант, бизантин) Серебряные: Гексаграмма · Милиарисий · Силиква · Половина силиквы · Четверть силиквы Медные (бронзовые): Нуммия
Ближневосточные	Дарик · Сикль (сикл, шекель) · Сиглос · Гера (агора) · Заз · Прута · Пим
Прочие	Биатек · Колхидка · Синдон
См. также	Древние единицы измерения Византия: Скифата Древний Рим: Aes rude · Aes signatum · Aes grave · Символы древнеримских денежных и весовых единиц · Символ денария · Список древнеримских единиц · Реституционная монета Древняя Греция: Символы древнегреческих денежных и весовых единиц · Символ драхмы · Ценность денег в Элладе Иудея: Библейские денежные единицы · Лепта вдовицы · Притча о потерянной драхме · Притча о талантах · Притча о работниках в винограднике · 30 сребренников

Знаки валют (¤)
Статьи о символах	Знак валюты · Символ денария · Символ доллара · Символ драма · Символ драхмы · Символ евро · Символ иены (юаня) · Символ риала · Символ рубля · Символ рупии · Символ франка · Символ фунта (лиры)
Существующие валюты	฿ ·  · Br · ₵ · ₡ · B/. · ден. · ₫ · € · Ft  · ₸  · ₲ · Kč · ₭ · L · £ (₤) · ₦ · ₱ · P · R · RM · ₨ · ლ  · Re (Rs) · р. · S/. · ৳ (Tk, ৲) · R$ · $ · ₮ · ₩ · Ұ · ¥ · zł · ₴ · Q · ₪ · 元 · ﷼ ·  · ₹
Исторические валюты	₳ · ₢ · $ · ₯ · ₶ · ₷ · ₠ · ƒ · ₣ · L (₤) · Lm · ₧ · I/. · Kčs · Sk
Разменные денежные единицы	¢ · ₥ · ₰ · р (d) · a · де · ко
Античные денежные единицы	Древний Рим: Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат Синонимы: единица Колена Израилевы Пионер-10 Полезное Смотреть что такое «Шекель» в других словарях: Шекель — (sheqel) (NIS) Новый израильский шекель: стандартная денежная единица Израиля, равная 100 агоротам. Финансы. Толковый словарь. 2 е изд. М.: ИНФРА М , Издательство Весь Мир . Брайен Батлер, Брайен Джонсон, Грэм Сидуэл и др. Общая редакция: д.э.н.… …   Финансовый словарь ШЕКЕЛЬ — [др. евр.] денежная единица Израиля, равная 100 агорам. Словарь иностранных слов. Комлев Н.Г., 2006. СЕКЕЛЬ, ШЕКЕЛЬ (евр. schekel, от schekal отвешивать). Еврейский вес золота и серебра = около 1 лота. Словарь иностранных слов, вошедших в состав… …   Словарь иностранных слов русского языка шекель — Новый израильский шекель: стандартная денежная единица Израиля, равная 100 агоротам. [http://www.vocable.ru/dictionary/533/symbol/97] Тематики финансы EN sheqelni …   Справочник технического переводчика Шекель — денежная единица Израиля, делится на 100 агорот. Введена в 1980 г. Словарь бизнес терминов. Академик.ру. 2001 …   Словарь бизнес-терминов ШЕКЕЛЬ — (от названия меры веса древних иудеев, использовавшейся еще до нашей эры) денежная единица Израиля, делится на 100 агорот. Введена в 1980 г. вместо израильского фунта. Райзберг Б.А., Лозовский Л.Ш., Стародубцева Е.Б.. Современный экономический… …   Экономический словарь шекель — сущ., кол во синонимов: 2 • еврей (68) • единица (830) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 …   Словарь синонимов ШЕКЕЛЬ — я; м. [иврит sheqel] 1. В Израиле: основная денежная единица; денежный знак этого достоинства. * * * ШЕКЕЛЬ ШЕКЕЛЬ (иврит sheqel), денежная единица Израиля, равная 100 новым агорам. В качестве денежной единицы используется с 1985 года, заменил… …   Энциклопедический словарь ШЕКЕЛЬ — денежная единица Израиля, делится на 100 агорот. Введена в 1980 г. вместо израильского фунта …   Энциклопедический словарь экономики и права ШЕКЕЛЬ —         с 1980 ден. единица Израиля, равная 100 агорам …   Большой филателистический словарь шекель — м. Основная денежная единица государства Израиль. Толковый словарь Ефремовой. Т. Ф. Ефремова. 2000 …   Современный толковый словарь русского языка Ефремовой

The Israeli New Shekel (sign: ₪; code: ILS), also known simply as the Israeli Shekel, is the currency of Israel. The new shekel is divided into 100 agorot. The new shekel has been in use since 1 January 1986, when it replaced the hyperinflated old shekel at a ratio of 1000 Old Shekels:1 New Shekel.

The currency sign for the new shekel ⟨ ₪ ⟩ is a combination of the first Hebrew letters of the words shekel (ש) and ẖadash (ח) (new). It was previously known as the new Israeli shekel and the non-official abbreviation of NIS (ש»ח‎ and ش.ج‎) is still commonly used domestically to denominate prices and also appears on the Bank of Israel’s web site. However, the official international currency code of the Israeli new shekel is ILS, as set by the International Organization for Standardization under ISO 4217.

History

The origin of the name «Shekel» (שֶׁקֶל‎) is from the ancient Biblical currency by the same name. An early Biblical reference is Abraham being reported to pay «four hundred shekels of silver» to Ephron the Hittite for the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. Shekel is any of several ancient units of weight or of currency in ancient Israel, from the Hebrew root ש-ק-ל (š-q-l) meaning ‘weigh’ (שָׁקַל šaqal ‘to weigh’, שֶׁקֶל šeqel ‘a standard weight’), common with other Semitic languages like Akkadian (resp. šaqālu and šiqlu) and Aramaic (resp. תְּקַל teqal and תִּקְלָא tiqla). Initially, it may have referred to a weight of barley. In ancient Israel, the shekel was known to be about 180 grains (11 grams or .35 troy ounces).

From the formation of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948 through 1952 banknotes continued to be issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank as the Palestine pound which was pegged to the British Pound. In 1952, the Anglo-Palestine Bank changed its name to Bank Leumi Le-Yisrael (National Bank of Israel) and the currency name became the Israeli pound.

Israeli Pound (1952-1980)

The Israeli pound (לירה ישראלית‎, «lira yisraelit») was the currency of the State of Israel from June 1952 until 23 February 1980, when it was replaced with the shekel on 24 February 1980. From 1955, after the Bank of Israel was established and took over the duty of issuing banknotes, only the Hebrew name was used, along with the symbol «I£». The pegging to the British Pound was abolished on 1 January 1954, and in 1960, the sub-division of the Israeli pound was changed from 1000 prutot to 100 agorot.

During the 1960s, a debate over the non-Hebrew name of the Israeli currency resulted in a law ordering the Minister of Finance to change the name pound into a Hebrew name, shekel (שקל). The law allowed the minister to decide on a proper date for the change. The law did not come into effect until February 1980, when the Israeli government decided to change the monetary system and introduce the shekel at a rate of 1 shekel = I£10.

Old Shekel (1980-1985)

The shekel, now known as the old shekel, was the currency of the UISR between 24 February 1980 and 31 December 1985. Both it and its predecessor the Israeli pound experienced frequent devaluations against foreign currencies during the 1960s and ’70s. This trend culminated in the old shekel experiencing hyperinflation in the early 1980s, Reaching around 1000% Inflation around 1984/1985. After inflation was contained as a result of the 1985 Economic Stabilization Plan, the new shekel was introduced, replacing the old shekel on 1 January 1986 at a rate of IS 1,000 to ₪1.

New Shekel (1986-Present)

Since the economic crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent introduction of the new shekel in 1985, the Bank of Israel and the government of Israel have maintained much more careful and conservative fiscal and monetary policies, and have gradually introduced various market-based economic reforms. In addition, the signing of free trade agreements helped the Israeli economy become more competitive, while heavy investment in its industrial and scientific base allowed the country to take advantage of opportunities associated with the rise of the global knowledge economy, thus greatly increasing exports and opening new markets for its products and services. As a result of these factors, inflation has been relatively low and the country now maintains a positive balance of payments, with a current account surplus equivalent to about 3% of its GDP in 2010. Consequently, its currency has strengthened though less so than an exceptional rise in the Euro and Swiss Franc, rising approximately 20% in value relative to the US dollar from 2001 to 2011, contrasting to weakening in prior decades.

Since 1 January 2003, the new shekel has been a freely convertible currency. Since 7 May 2006, new shekel derivative trading has also been available on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. This makes the new shekel one of only twenty or so world currencies for which there are widely available currency futures contracts in the foreign exchange market. It is also a currency that can be exchanged by consumers in many parts of the world. On 26 May 2008, CLS Bank International announced that it would settle payment instructions in new shekels, making the currency fully convertible.

Coins

In 1985, coins in denominations of 1 agora, 5 agorot, 10 agorot, ₪1/2, ₪1 were introduced. In 1990, ₪5 coins were introduced, followed by ₪10 coins in 1995. A ₪2 coin was introduced on 9 December 2007. Production of 1 agora pieces ceased in 2020, and they soon will be removed from Circulation.

In April 2011, it was reported that new coins would be minted that would use less metal and thus lower costs. Counterfeiting would also be harder. The Bank of Israel is considering dropping the word «new» on the planned coins series. If approved, this would be the first replacement of all coins since the introduction of the new shekel coins in September 1985. The coins are minted by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO).

In 2020, Following the Knesset Vote to Remove the 1 Agora, the General Secretary and the Bank of Israel had Proposed of a Plan to make a New Series of Banknotes, and that no more Coins be made, and all of the Coins be Replaced by Banknotes.

New Shekel Coins

Value	Technical Parameters	Description	Date of
Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Issue	Withdrawal
1 Agroa	17 mm	1.2 mm	2 g	Aluminium bronze 92% copper 6% aluminium 2% nickel	Plain	Ancient galley, the former state emblem, «Israel» in Hebrew, Arabic and English	Value, date	4 September 1985	23 November 2020
5 Agorot	19.5 mm	1.3 mm	3 g	Replica of a coin from the fourth year of the war of the Jews against Rome depicting a lulav between two etrogim, the former state emblem, «Israel» in Hebrew, Arabic and English	Still in Use
10 Agorot	22 mm	1.5 mm	4 g	Replica of a coin issued by Antigonus II Mattathias with the seven-branched candelabrum (Menorah), the former state emblem, «Israel» in Hebrew, Arabic and English
50 Agorot (₪½)	26 mm	1.6 mm	6.5 g	Lyre, the former state emblem	Value, date, «Israel» in Hebrew, Arabic and English
1₪	18 mm	1.8 mm	3.5 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel (1985-1993) Nickel-plated steel (1994–)	Lily, «Yehud» in ancient Hebrew, the former state emblem
2₪	21.6 mm	2.3 mm	5.7 g	Nickel-plated steel	Segmented (Plain and Reeded sections)	Two cornucopia, the former state emblem	9 December 2007
5₪	24 mm	2.4 mm	8.2 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	12 sides	Capital of column, the former state emblem	2 January 1990
10₪	23 mm Core: 16 mm	2.2 mm	7 g	Ring: Nickel-bonded steel Center: Aureate-bonded bronze	Reeded	Palm tree with seven leaves and two baskets with dates, the words «for the redemption of Zion» in ancient and modern Hebrew alphabet	7 February 1995

Banknotes

Series A (1985-1999)

Beginning on 4 September 1985. banknotes are introduced in denominations of ₪5, ₪10, and ₪50. A ₪1 note followed on 8 May 1986 and the ₪100 note issued in 19 August 1986. In 2 April 1988, the ₪20 note issued and the ₪200 note issued on 16 February 1992 completing the family. The ₪1, ₪5 and ₪10 notes used the same basic designs as the earlier IS 1000, 5000, and 10 000 notes but with the denominations altered.

The ₪1, ₪5 and ₪10 notes were later replaced by coins. A number of these coins, in their first minting, had the images of the individuals on the bills engraved on them.

Series A Banknotes

Value	Dimensions	Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Date of Issue	Date of Withdrawal
1₪	76×138 mm	Green	Maimonides	Tveria where Maimonides is buried; Ancient stone lamp	8 May 1986	1995
5₪	Blue	Levi Eshkol	Pipe carrying water, symbolizing the national carrier, fields and barren land in background	4 September 1985
10₪	Orange	Golda Me’ir	Picture of Golda Meir in the crowd, in front of the Moscow Choral Synagogue, as she arrived in Moscow as Israel’s ambassador in 1948
20₪	Dark Gray	Moshe Sharett	The original building of Herzliya Gymnasium, Little Tel Aviv in background	2 April 1988	1 July 2000
50₪	Purple	Shmuel Yosef Agnon	Jerusalem skyline, Eastern European shtetl, the setting of many of Agnon’s stories.	4 September 1985
100₪	Brown	Yitzhak Ben-Zvi	Peki’in Synagogue with carob tree and cave, Ancient stone lamp	19 August 1986
200₪	Red	Zalman Shazar	A girl writing at a desk as a symbol of the Compulsory Education Law which was initiated by Shazar, and Hebrew block letters in background	16 February 1992

Series B (1999-2017)

The Second series of bank notes was released in 1999, replacing the first series by 2005.

Series B Banknotes

Value	Dimensions	Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Date of Issue
20₪	71×138 mm	Green		Jewish volunteers in World War II; a watchtower, commemorating tower and stockade settlements	3 January 1999
	Jewish volunteers in World War II; a watchtower, commemorating tower and stockade settlements. The additional red text on the polypropylene note reads «60 Years of Israel» in Hebrew in red ink. It was only featured in a 1.8 million limited run close to the noted anniversary and is not present on a majority of notes. (Made of polypropylene, a polymer substrate, which is superior to the regular Series B paper note with a circulation life of a few months only. The polymer note is printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Zürich, Switzerland.)	13 April 2008
50₪	Purple		Agnon’s notebook, pen and glasses, Jerusalem and the Temple Mount	31 October 1999
100₪	Brown		Peki’in Synagogue	3 January 1999
200₪	Red		a street in Tzfat and text from Shazar’s essay about Tzfat	31 October 1999
500₪	Blue		Part of a speech given by the late Prime Minister shortly before his assassination	24 February 1996

Series C (2014-Present)

The committee proposed that the new series would bear the portraits of prominent Hebrew poets, among them Rachel Bluwstein, Shaul Tchernichovsky, Leah Goldberg and Nathan Alterman. In December 2010, it was announced that the series would feature portraits of Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin, and Rachel and Shmuel Yosef Agnon. When Begin’s family opposed the decision, the committee’s original proposal was readopted.

On 14 November 2012, the Bank of Israel announced that the new series of banknotes is in the final stages of design. The first of the new banknotes to begin circulation was in the ₪50 denomination on 16 September 2014, followed by the ₪200 note on 23 December 2015. The final two denominations, ₪20 and ₪100, were issued on 23 November 2017, completing the «Series C» banknote series. The Committee decided to keep the ₪500 Banknote from Series B.

With the issuing of the third series, the Bank of Israel has adopted the standard English spelling of shekel and plural shekels for its currency. Previously, the Bank had formally used the Hebrew transcriptions of sheqel and sheqalim (from שְׁקָלִים‎).

The banknotes are printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Switzerland.

Series C Banknotes

Value	Dimensions	Colour	Desctiption	Date of Issue
Obverse	Reverse
20₪	129×71 mm	Red	Rachel Bluwstein; the poem Kinneret in microprinting; Palm tree branches in the background	Vista of the Sea of Galilee shoreline; Segment from the poem Perhaps it was nothing…	23 November 2017
50₪	136×71 mm	Green	Shaul Tchernichovsky; the poem Oh, My Land, My Homeland in microprinting; Citrus tree and its fruits in the background	Capital of a Corinthian column; Segment from the poem I Believe	16 September 2014
100₪	143×71 mm	Orange	Leah Goldberg; the poem In the land of my love the almond tree blossoms in microprinting; Almond tree blossoms in the background	A group of gazelles; Segment from the poem: White days	23 November 2017
200₪	150×71 mm	Blue	Nathan Alterman; the poem Eternal Meeting in microprinting; Fall leaves in the background	Moonlit flora; Segment from the poem Morning Song	23 December 2015

Series D (Proposed)

The Bank of Israel and the Israeli Michaelist Party have said that they plan to Make a New Series of Banknotes. General Secretary Michael Prep had stated that Perhaps this Series will include all the Coins currently in Circulation. The Plans are currently in Early Stages.

Series D Banknotes

Value	Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Notes
1 Agora/ 5 Agorot	?	Abie Nathan	The Ship «MV Voice of Peace»	Many Doubts have been raised to if it will be Issued
10 Agorot	Light Green	Natan Sharansky	Soviet Jews Getting off the Plane Upon Arrival in Israel	Not sure if it will be Issued
50 Agorot	Dark Gray	Golda Me’ir	Golda Me’ir with 50,000 Jews, in Front of the Moscow Choral Synagogue in Moscow, 1948	Not sure if it will be Issued
1₪	Light Blue	Edmond James de Rothschild	Jewish Settlers from the First Aliyot, Farming	Perhaps it will be Issued
2₪	Cyan	Ilan Ramon	Photo of Ilan Ramon and the 6 American Astronauts of the Space Shuttle Columbia	Perhaps it will be Issued
5₪	Gold	Chaim Weizmann	Weizmann with Faisal I of Iraq in Syria, 1918	Perhaps it will be Issued
10₪	Brown	Levi Eshkol	IDF Soldiers Crying Upon seeing the Western Wall, and The National Water Carrier	Perhaps it will be Issued
20₪	Purple	Theodor Herzel	Entrance to Mount Herzel, First Flag of Israel	Will be Issued
50₪	Red	Shmuel Yosef Agnon	Agnon’s notebook, pen and glasses, Jerusalem and the Temple Mount	Will be Issued
100₪	Yellow	David Ben-Gurion	The Israeli Declaration of Independence	Will be Issued
200₪	Dark Green	Shimon Peres	Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat receiving the Nobel Peace Prize following the Oslo Accords	Will be Issued
500₪	Blue	Yitzhak Rabin	Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat shaking Hands during the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993, with Bill Clinton in the Center as Witness	Will be Issued
1000₪	Pink	Michael Prep	Flag of the UISR, Tall Towers (showing the Tkumat Palestina Plan), and the Signing of the Abraham Accords in the White House	Not sure if it will be Issued

Gallery of Current Coins & Banknotes

The Israeli New Shekel (sign: ₪; code: ILS), also known simply as the Israeli Shekel, is the currency of Israel. The new shekel is divided into 100 agorot. The new shekel has been in use since 1 January 1986, when it replaced the hyperinflated old shekel at a ratio of 1000 Old Shekels:1 New Shekel.

The currency sign for the new shekel ⟨ ₪ ⟩ is a combination of the first Hebrew letters of the words shekel (ש) and ẖadash (ח) (new). It was previously known as the new Israeli shekel and the non-official abbreviation of NIS (ש»ח‎ and ش.ج‎) is still commonly used domestically to denominate prices and also appears on the Bank of Israel’s web site. However, the official international currency code of the Israeli new shekel is ILS, as set by the International Organization for Standardization under ISO 4217.

History

The origin of the name «Shekel» (שֶׁקֶל‎) is from the ancient Biblical currency by the same name. An early Biblical reference is Abraham being reported to pay «four hundred shekels of silver» to Ephron the Hittite for the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. Shekel is any of several ancient units of weight or of currency in ancient Israel, from the Hebrew root ש-ק-ל (š-q-l) meaning ‘weigh’ (שָׁקַל šaqal ‘to weigh’, שֶׁקֶל šeqel ‘a standard weight’), common with other Semitic languages like Akkadian (resp. šaqālu and šiqlu) and Aramaic (resp. תְּקַל teqal and תִּקְלָא tiqla). Initially, it may have referred to a weight of barley. In ancient Israel, the shekel was known to be about 180 grains (11 grams or .35 troy ounces).

From the formation of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948 through 1952 banknotes continued to be issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank as the Palestine pound which was pegged to the British Pound. In 1952, the Anglo-Palestine Bank changed its name to Bank Leumi Le-Yisrael (National Bank of Israel) and the currency name became the Israeli pound.

Israeli Pound (1952-1980)

The Israeli pound (לירה ישראלית‎, «lira yisraelit») was the currency of the State of Israel from June 1952 until 23 February 1980, when it was replaced with the shekel on 24 February 1980. From 1955, after the Bank of Israel was established and took over the duty of issuing banknotes, only the Hebrew name was used, along with the symbol «I£». The pegging to the British Pound was abolished on 1 January 1954, and in 1960, the sub-division of the Israeli pound was changed from 1000 prutot to 100 agorot.

During the 1960s, a debate over the non-Hebrew name of the Israeli currency resulted in a law ordering the Minister of Finance to change the name pound into a Hebrew name, shekel (שקל). The law allowed the minister to decide on a proper date for the change. The law did not come into effect until February 1980, when the Israeli government decided to change the monetary system and introduce the shekel at a rate of 1 shekel = I£10.

Old Shekel (1980-1985)

The shekel, now known as the old shekel, was the currency of the UISR between 24 February 1980 and 31 December 1985. Both it and its predecessor the Israeli pound experienced frequent devaluations against foreign currencies during the 1960s and ’70s. This trend culminated in the old shekel experiencing hyperinflation in the early 1980s, Reaching around 1000% Inflation around 1984/1985. After inflation was contained as a result of the 1985 Economic Stabilization Plan, the new shekel was introduced, replacing the old shekel on 1 January 1986 at a rate of IS 1,000 to ₪1.

New Shekel (1986-Present)

Since the economic crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent introduction of the new shekel in 1985, the Bank of Israel and the government of Israel have maintained much more careful and conservative fiscal and monetary policies, and have gradually introduced various market-based economic reforms. In addition, the signing of free trade agreements helped the Israeli economy become more competitive, while heavy investment in its industrial and scientific base allowed the country to take advantage of opportunities associated with the rise of the global knowledge economy, thus greatly increasing exports and opening new markets for its products and services. As a result of these factors, inflation has been relatively low and the country now maintains a positive balance of payments, with a current account surplus equivalent to about 3% of its GDP in 2010. Consequently, its currency has strengthened though less so than an exceptional rise in the Euro and Swiss Franc, rising approximately 20% in value relative to the US dollar from 2001 to 2011, contrasting to weakening in prior decades.

Since 1 January 2003, the new shekel has been a freely convertible currency. Since 7 May 2006, new shekel derivative trading has also been available on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. This makes the new shekel one of only twenty or so world currencies for which there are widely available currency futures contracts in the foreign exchange market. It is also a currency that can be exchanged by consumers in many parts of the world. On 26 May 2008, CLS Bank International announced that it would settle payment instructions in new shekels, making the currency fully convertible.

Coins

In 1985, coins in denominations of 1 agora, 5 agorot, 10 agorot, ₪1/2, ₪1 were introduced. In 1990, ₪5 coins were introduced, followed by ₪10 coins in 1995. A ₪2 coin was introduced on 9 December 2007. Production of 1 agora pieces ceased in 2020, and they soon will be removed from Circulation.

In April 2011, it was reported that new coins would be minted that would use less metal and thus lower costs. Counterfeiting would also be harder. The Bank of Israel is considering dropping the word «new» on the planned coins series. If approved, this would be the first replacement of all coins since the introduction of the new shekel coins in September 1985. The coins are minted by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO).

In 2020, Following the Knesset Vote to Remove the 1 Agora, the General Secretary and the Bank of Israel had Proposed of a Plan to make a New Series of Banknotes, and that no more Coins be made, and all of the Coins be Replaced by Banknotes.

New Shekel Coins

Value	Technical Parameters	Description	Date of
Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Issue	Withdrawal
1 Agroa	17 mm	1.2 mm	2 g	Aluminium bronze 92% copper 6% aluminium 2% nickel	Plain	Ancient galley, the former state emblem, «Israel» in Hebrew, Arabic and English	Value, date	4 September 1985	23 November 2020
5 Agorot	19.5 mm	1.3 mm	3 g	Replica of a coin from the fourth year of the war of the Jews against Rome depicting a lulav between two etrogim, the former state emblem, «Israel» in Hebrew, Arabic and English	Still in Use
10 Agorot	22 mm	1.5 mm	4 g	Replica of a coin issued by Antigonus II Mattathias with the seven-branched candelabrum (Menorah), the former state emblem, «Israel» in Hebrew, Arabic and English
50 Agorot (₪½)	26 mm	1.6 mm	6.5 g	Lyre, the former state emblem	Value, date, «Israel» in Hebrew, Arabic and English
1₪	18 mm	1.8 mm	3.5 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel (1985-1993) Nickel-plated steel (1994–)	Lily, «Yehud» in ancient Hebrew, the former state emblem
2₪	21.6 mm	2.3 mm	5.7 g	Nickel-plated steel	Segmented (Plain and Reeded sections)	Two cornucopia, the former state emblem	9 December 2007
5₪	24 mm	2.4 mm	8.2 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	12 sides	Capital of column, the former state emblem	2 January 1990
10₪	23 mm Core: 16 mm	2.2 mm	7 g	Ring: Nickel-bonded steel Center: Aureate-bonded bronze	Reeded	Palm tree with seven leaves and two baskets with dates, the words «for the redemption of Zion» in ancient and modern Hebrew alphabet	7 February 1995

Banknotes

Series A (1985-1999)

Beginning on 4 September 1985. banknotes are introduced in denominations of ₪5, ₪10, and ₪50. A ₪1 note followed on 8 May 1986 and the ₪100 note issued in 19 August 1986. In 2 April 1988, the ₪20 note issued and the ₪200 note issued on 16 February 1992 completing the family. The ₪1, ₪5 and ₪10 notes used the same basic designs as the earlier IS 1000, 5000, and 10 000 notes but with the denominations altered.

The ₪1, ₪5 and ₪10 notes were later replaced by coins. A number of these coins, in their first minting, had the images of the individuals on the bills engraved on them.

Series A Banknotes

Value	Dimensions	Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Date of Issue	Date of Withdrawal
1₪	76×138 mm	Green	Maimonides	Tveria where Maimonides is buried; Ancient stone lamp	8 May 1986	1995
5₪	Blue	Levi Eshkol	Pipe carrying water, symbolizing the national carrier, fields and barren land in background	4 September 1985
10₪	Orange	Golda Me’ir	Picture of Golda Meir in the crowd, in front of the Moscow Choral Synagogue, as she arrived in Moscow as Israel’s ambassador in 1948
20₪	Dark Gray	Moshe Sharett	The original building of Herzliya Gymnasium, Little Tel Aviv in background	2 April 1988	1 July 2000
50₪	Purple	Shmuel Yosef Agnon	Jerusalem skyline, Eastern European shtetl, the setting of many of Agnon’s stories.	4 September 1985
100₪	Brown	Yitzhak Ben-Zvi	Peki’in Synagogue with carob tree and cave, Ancient stone lamp	19 August 1986
200₪	Red	Zalman Shazar	A girl writing at a desk as a symbol of the Compulsory Education Law which was initiated by Shazar, and Hebrew block letters in background	16 February 1992

Series B (1999-2017)

The Second series of bank notes was released in 1999, replacing the first series by 2005.

Series B Banknotes

Value	Dimensions	Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Date of Issue
20₪	71×138 mm	Green		Jewish volunteers in World War II; a watchtower, commemorating tower and stockade settlements	3 January 1999
	Jewish volunteers in World War II; a watchtower, commemorating tower and stockade settlements. The additional red text on the polypropylene note reads «60 Years of Israel» in Hebrew in red ink. It was only featured in a 1.8 million limited run close to the noted anniversary and is not present on a majority of notes. (Made of polypropylene, a polymer substrate, which is superior to the regular Series B paper note with a circulation life of a few months only. The polymer note is printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Zürich, Switzerland.)	13 April 2008
50₪	Purple		Agnon’s notebook, pen and glasses, Jerusalem and the Temple Mount	31 October 1999
100₪	Brown		Peki’in Synagogue	3 January 1999
200₪	Red		a street in Tzfat and text from Shazar’s essay about Tzfat	31 October 1999
500₪	Blue		Part of a speech given by the late Prime Minister shortly before his assassination	24 February 1996

Series C (2014-Present)

The committee proposed that the new series would bear the portraits of prominent Hebrew poets, among them Rachel Bluwstein, Shaul Tchernichovsky, Leah Goldberg and Nathan Alterman. In December 2010, it was announced that the series would feature portraits of Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin, and Rachel and Shmuel Yosef Agnon. When Begin’s family opposed the decision, the committee’s original proposal was readopted.

On 14 November 2012, the Bank of Israel announced that the new series of banknotes is in the final stages of design. The first of the new banknotes to begin circulation was in the ₪50 denomination on 16 September 2014, followed by the ₪200 note on 23 December 2015. The final two denominations, ₪20 and ₪100, were issued on 23 November 2017, completing the «Series C» banknote series. The Committee decided to keep the ₪500 Banknote from Series B.

With the issuing of the third series, the Bank of Israel has adopted the standard English spelling of shekel and plural shekels for its currency. Previously, the Bank had formally used the Hebrew transcriptions of sheqel and sheqalim (from שְׁקָלִים‎).

The banknotes are printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Switzerland.

Series C Banknotes

Value	Dimensions	Colour	Desctiption	Date of Issue
Obverse	Reverse
20₪	129×71 mm	Red	Rachel Bluwstein; the poem Kinneret in microprinting; Palm tree branches in the background	Vista of the Sea of Galilee shoreline; Segment from the poem Perhaps it was nothing…	23 November 2017
50₪	136×71 mm	Green	Shaul Tchernichovsky; the poem Oh, My Land, My Homeland in microprinting; Citrus tree and its fruits in the background	Capital of a Corinthian column; Segment from the poem I Believe	16 September 2014
100₪	143×71 mm	Orange	Leah Goldberg; the poem In the land of my love the almond tree blossoms in microprinting; Almond tree blossoms in the background	A group of gazelles; Segment from the poem: White days	23 November 2017
200₪	150×71 mm	Blue	Nathan Alterman; the poem Eternal Meeting in microprinting; Fall leaves in the background	Moonlit flora; Segment from the poem Morning Song	23 December 2015

Series D (Proposed)

The Bank of Israel and the Israeli Michaelist Party have said that they plan to Make a New Series of Banknotes. General Secretary Michael Prep had stated that Perhaps this Series will include all the Coins currently in Circulation. The Plans are currently in Early Stages.

Series D Banknotes

Value	Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Notes
1 Agora/ 5 Agorot	?	Abie Nathan	The Ship «MV Voice of Peace»	Many Doubts have been raised to if it will be Issued
10 Agorot	Light Green	Natan Sharansky	Soviet Jews Getting off the Plane Upon Arrival in Israel	Not sure if it will be Issued
50 Agorot	Dark Gray	Golda Me’ir	Golda Me’ir with 50,000 Jews, in Front of the Moscow Choral Synagogue in Moscow, 1948	Not sure if it will be Issued
1₪	Light Blue	Edmond James de Rothschild	Jewish Settlers from the First Aliyot, Farming	Perhaps it will be Issued
2₪	Cyan	Ilan Ramon	Photo of Ilan Ramon and the 6 American Astronauts of the Space Shuttle Columbia	Perhaps it will be Issued
5₪	Gold	Chaim Weizmann	Weizmann with Faisal I of Iraq in Syria, 1918	Perhaps it will be Issued
10₪	Brown	Levi Eshkol	IDF Soldiers Crying Upon seeing the Western Wall, and The National Water Carrier	Perhaps it will be Issued
20₪	Purple	Theodor Herzel	Entrance to Mount Herzel, First Flag of Israel	Will be Issued
50₪	Red	Shmuel Yosef Agnon	Agnon’s notebook, pen and glasses, Jerusalem and the Temple Mount	Will be Issued
100₪	Yellow	David Ben-Gurion	The Israeli Declaration of Independence	Will be Issued
200₪	Dark Green	Shimon Peres	Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat receiving the Nobel Peace Prize following the Oslo Accords	Will be Issued
500₪	Blue	Yitzhak Rabin	Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat shaking Hands during the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993, with Bill Clinton in the Center as Witness	Will be Issued
1000₪	Pink	Michael Prep	Flag of the UISR, Tall Towers (showing the Tkumat Palestina Plan), and the Signing of the Abraham Accords in the White House	Not sure if it will be Issued

Gallery of Current Coins & Banknotes

₪
Знак шекеля
В Unicode	U + 20AA ₪ НОВЫЙ ЗНАК ШЕКЕЛЯ (HTML ₪)
Связано
См. Также	(Старый израильский шекель )
Категория

Два способа представления шекелей. Символ «₪» на левый и аббревиатура «ש״ח» справа могут использоваться как взаимозаменяемые.

Знак шекель (₪) — это знак валюты, используемый для нового израильского шекеля., которая является валютой Государства Израиль.

Содержание

• 1 новый израильский шекель (1986 – настоящее время)
  • 1.1 Unicode и ввод
• 2 Старый Израильский шекель (1980–1985)
• 3 См. Также
• 4 Ссылки

Новый израильский шекель (1986 – настоящее время)

Новый израильский шекель обозначается в Иврит : שקל חדש (šéqel adáš, IPA:, букв. «New Sheke l «) или аббревиатурой на иврите : ש ״ ח (). Символ был официально объявлен 22 сентября 1985 года, когда были введены первые новые банкноты и монеты в шекелях. Он состоит из двух букв иврита, составляющих акроним (первая буква каждого из двух слов, иврит пишется справа налево): «ש » и «ח <4.>». Иногда после числа используется символ «₪» (Unicode 20AA), а иногда — аббревиатура на иврите : ש״ח.

Израильский знак платной дороги со знаком шекеля.

Знак шекеля, как и знак доллара («$»), обычно помещается слева от числа ( т.е. «12 000», а не «12 000 ₪»), но поскольку иврит пишется справа налево, это означает, что символ на самом деле пишется после числа. Он либо не отделяется от предыдущего числа, либо отделяется только тонким пробелом.

В отличие от знака доллара, новый знак шекеля не так часто используется при написании денежных сумм от руки.

Дорожный знак, обозначающий въезд на платную израильскую дорогу, например, шоссе 6 или туннели Кармель, представляет собой символ шекеля с дорогой на заднем плане.

Unicode и ввод

Символ имеет кодовую точку Unicode U + 20AA ₪ NEW SHEQEL SIGN (8362 десятичный ·HTML ₪). Он используется в Unicode с июня 1993 года, версия 1.1.0.

В соответствии со стандартной еврейской клавиатурой (SI 1452) ее нужно набирать как AltGr + A (буква ש появляется на той же клавише в обычном режиме иврита). Его можно ввести в Microsoft Windows на стандартной еврейской клавиатуре, нажав AltGr и 4 (Shift-4 дает знак доллара ). Однако знак шекеля не нарисован на большинстве клавиатур, продаваемых в Израиле, и этот знак редко используется в повседневной печати. В системе Ubuntu его можно ввести, удерживая Ctrl + Shift + u, отпустив (появляется u с подчеркиванием), а затем введите кодовую точку Unicode, пробел 20aa. В Mac OS X его можно набрать как Shift + 7, если в системе установлена ​​раскладка клавиатуры на иврите.

Старый израильский шекель (1980–1985)

Старый израильский шекель, «», находившийся в обращении с 1980 по 1985 год, имел другой символ, который был официально объявлен 18 марта 1980 г. Это был стилизованный Шин в форме колыбели (т.е. закругленный и открывающийся вверх). До введения старого шекеля в 1980 году для израильской валюты не было специального символа. Этот символ появлялся на чеках, выпущенных израильскими банками в период с 1980 по 1985 год. Официальное котирование цен в новых шекелях было начато 1 января 1986 года, и на старых неиспользованных чеках шекелей необходимо было проставить новый символ шекеля поверх старого символа.

См. Также

• Израильский шекель
• Израильская агора
• Знак валюты

Ссылки

Шекель
Страна:	Израиль Палестина
Подразделение:	100 агорот
Код ISO 4217 :	ILS
Сокращение:	НИШ,
Обменный курс : (24 апр.2021 г.)	1  евро  = 3,9516 шекеля 1 шекель = 0,25306 евро 1  CHF  = 3.6045 ILS 1 ILS = 0.27743 CHF

Шекель ( Hebrew
שֶׁקֶל šeqel ; Множественное число:שְׁקָלים šqalīm ) — валюта Израиля , которая также является законным платежным средством на палестинских территориях , в секторе Газа и некоторых частях Западного берега .

Полное еврейское имя שקל חדש( Шекель Чадаш — Новый шекель). Обычно он будет сש״ח( шахматы ) сокращенно. Символ валюты для шекеля:₪, сочетание первых букв иврита для слов шекель (ש) и Чадаш (ח). Арабское название шекеля —يكل جديد / šīkil adīd , английское название — новый израильский шекель , сокращенно NIS . Множественное число арабскогоشواكل / šawākil .

Шекель как вес

Шекель — это ближневосточная мера веса. Кусочки золота, серебра, меди и олова взвешивались в шекелях и использовались в качестве валюты. В Карфагене шекель был частью таланта .

Шекель также напоминает слово на иврите, обозначающее вес, то есть Мишкал. Слово шекель несколько раз встречается в Торе в связи с денежными (деловыми) операциями, например, когда Авраам купил участок земли для захоронения своей жены за 400 шекелей, или в отношении налога в полшекеля за святилище. .

разнообразный

Шекель также упомянул ежегодный членский взнос в сионистскую организацию, введенный первым сионистским конгрессом в 1897 году. Этот платеж был переведен с использованием пустого бланка шекель .

Валюта и история

Новый израильский шекель (NIS) был введен 4 сентября 1985 года и заменил старый шекель (IS) в соотношении 1: 1000. Он заменил израильский фунт в соотношении 1:10 24 февраля 1980 года . Эти меры стали необходимы из-за высокой инфляции 1980-х годов.

Есть банкноты номиналом 20, 50, 100 и 200 шекелей. Первоначально также были классы 1, 5 и 10 шекелей. Со временем их заменили монеты. Вскоре после убийства Рабина планировалось выпустить банкноту в 500 шекелей с его портретом, но из-за низкого уровня инфляции такая банкнота не нужна сейчас и в обозримом будущем. Шекель делится на 100  агорот (единственное число: агора, иврит אגורה). Есть монеты достоинством 10 агорот, ½, 1, 2, 5 и 10 шекелей. Монета 1 агора была изъята из обращения в 1991 году, монета 5 агорот также была выведена из обращения 1 января 2008 года.

Банкноты

Серия C (с 2014 г.)

Текущее семейство банкнот было представлено в период с 2014 по 2017 год с английским названием Sheqalim в шекелях и арабским словом дляيقل к يكل измененный.

Номинальная стоимость	картина	размер	фронт	назад	Выпуск с
20 шекелей		129 × 71 мм	Рэйчел Блустейн , пальмовые ветви на заднем плане	Галилейское море , отрывок из ее стихотворения Кинерет	23 ноября 2017 г.
50 шекелей		136 × 71 мм	Саул Черничовский ; Цитрусовые деревья на заднем плане	Коринфская колонна; Отрывок из стихотворения Во что верю	16 сентября 2014 г.
100 шекелей		143 × 71 мм	Лия Голдберг , цветущее миндальное дерево на заднем плане	Группа газелей, отрывок из стихотворения: Белые дни	23 ноября 2017 г.
200 шекелей		150 × 71 мм	Натан Альтерман , осенние листья на заднем плане	Лунная флора; Отрывок из поэмы » Утренняя песня»	23 декабря 2015 г.

Серия B (1999-2017)

Номинальная стоимость	картина	фронт	назад
20 шекелей		Моше Шарет, премьер-министр (1953–1955)	Еврейские добровольцы во время Второй мировой войны; сторожевая башня, напоминающая городище из башен-палисадов
50 шекелей		Самуэль Аньон Нобелевская премия по литературе	Блокнот Агнона, ручка и очки
100 шекелей		Джитцхак Бен Цви Президент (1952–1963)	синагога в Pek’in
200 шекелей		Салман Шазар президент (1963–1973)	улица в Цфате и текст из эссе Шазара о Цфате

Серия А (1985-1999)

Номинальная стоимость	картина	фронт	назад	Выпуск с	Входить
1 шекель		Маймонид	Тверия , старинный каменный светильник	8 мая 1986 г.	1995 г.
5 шекелей		Леви Эшколь	Акведук National Water Carrier , поля и бесплодная земля на заднем плане	4 сентября 1985 г.	1995 г.
10 шекелей		Голда Меир	Фотография Голды Меир в толпе, когда она прибыла в Москву послом в 1948 году.	4 сентября 1985 г.	1995 г.
20 шекелей		Моше Шаретт	Средняя школа Герцлии, Тель-Авив на заднем плане	2 апреля 1988 г.	1 июля 2000 г.
50 шекелей		Шмуэль Йосеф Агнон	Горизонт Иерусалима, местечко в Восточной Европе	4 сентября 1985 г.	1 июля 2000 г.
100 шекелей		Ицхак Бен-Цви	Синагога в Пекине , рожковое дерево и пещера, старый каменный светильник	19 августа 1986 г.	1 июля 2000 г.
200 шекелей		Залман Шазар	Девушка за столом, печатные буквы на иврите на заднем плане	16 февраля 1992 г.	1 июля 2000 г.

Монеты

4 сентября 1985 года впервые были выпущены монеты достоинством 1, 5, 10 и 50 агорот и 1 шекель. Монета 1 агора не производилась с 1990 года, монета 5 агора последовала в 2006 году. Монета 1 агора была выведена из обращения 1 апреля 1991 года, а монета 5 агора — 1 января 2008 года. агорот, ½, 1, 2, 5 и 10 шекелей.

Иллюстрация	Выпуск с:
10 агорот	4 сентября 1985 г.
50 агорот = 1/2 шекеля	4 сентября 1985 г.
1 шекель	4 сентября 1985 г.
2 шекеля	9 декабря 2007 г.
5 шекелей	2 января 1990 г.
10 шекелей	7 февраля 1995 г.

Выведено монет:

Иллюстрация	Выпуск с:	Изготовлены по:	Конечно на:
1 агорот	4 сентября 1985 г.	1990 г.	1 апреля 1991 г.
5 Агорот	4 сентября 1985 г.	2006 г.	1 января 2008 г.

веб ссылки

• Изображение древнего шекеля
• Статья о финикийских и еврейских шекелевых монетах древности ( Мементо от 17 июля 2008 г. в Интернет-архиве )
• Статья о шекеле. В: Moneypedia
• Монеты шекели
• Банкноты Израиля

Индивидуальные доказательства

1. ↑ Ян Геррит Дерксен: Старая ассирийская торговля медью в Анатолии . Нидерландский историко-археологический институт, Стамбул, Стамбул, 1996 г.
2. ↑ banknotesews.com