Как пишется ковбойская шляпа

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The cowboy hat is a high-crowned, wide-brimmed hat best known as the defining piece of attire for the North American cowboy. Today it is worn by many people, and is particularly associated with ranch workers in the western and southern United States, western Canada and northern Mexico, with many country, regional Mexican and sertanejo music performers, and with participants in the North American rodeo circuit. It is recognized around the world as part of Old West apparel.

The cowboy hat as known today has many antecedents to its design, including Mexican hats such as the sombrero, the various designs of wide-brimmed hat worn by farmers and stockmen in the eastern United States, as well as the designs used by the United States Cavalry.

The first western model was the open-crowned «Boss of the Plains», and after that came the front-creased Carlsbad, destined to become «the» cowboy style.^[1] The high-crowned, wide-brimmed, soft-felt western hats that followed are intimately associated with the cowboy image.^[2]

History[edit]

The concept of a broad-brimmed hat with a high crown worn by a rider on horseback can be seen as far back as the Mongolian horsemen of the 13th century.^[3] The hat has a tall crown that provides insulation, and a wide brim that provides shade. Hot and sunny climates inspire designs with very wide brims such as the sombrero of Mexico.

It is not clear when the cowboy hat received its name. However, European-Americans in the Western United States originally had no standard headwear. People moving West wore many styles of hat, including top hats, bowlers, Civil War headgear such as cavalry and slouch hats, and sailor hats.^[4][5]
Contrary to popular belief, it was the bowler and not the cowboy hat that was the most popular in the American West, prompting Lucius Beebe to call it «the hat that won the West».^[6] The working cowboy wore wide-brimmed and high-crowned hats. The hats were most likely adopted from civil war era slouch hats and may have been influenced by the Mexican Vaqueros before the invention of the modern design.^[7] John Batterson Stetson is credited for originating the modern day American Cowboy Hat.^[8]

The original «Boss of the Plains», manufactured by Stetson in 1865, was flat-brimmed, had a straight sided crown, with rounded corners.^[9] These light-weight, waterproof hats were natural in color, with four-inch crowns and brims.^[10] A plain hatband was fitted to adjust head size.^[11] The sweatband bore Stetson’s name.^[4] While only making one style of hat, they came in different qualities ranging from one-grade material at five dollars apiece to pure beaver felt hats for thirty dollars each.^[12] J.B. Stetson was the first to market the «Boss of the Plains» to cowboys, and it has remained the universal image of the American West.^[13] The charisma of the West was carried back East when adventurers returned in the expensive «Boss of the plains» style hat.^[14] In the 19th century and first half of the 20th century, a hat was an indispensable item in every man’s wardrobe. Stetson focused on expensive, high-quality hats that represented a real investment for the working cowboy and a statement of success for the city dweller.

The durability and water-resistance of the original Stetson obtained additional publicity in 1912, when the battleship USS Maine was raised from Havana harbor, where it had sunk in 1898. A Stetson hat was found in the wreck, which had been submerged in seawater for 14 years. The hat had been exposed to ooze, mud, and plant growth. However, the hat was cleaned off, and appeared to be undamaged.^[15]

Design[edit]

Modern cowboy hats are made of fur-based felt, straw or, less often, leather. They are sold with a tall, rounded crown and a wide flat brim. They have a simple sweat band on the inside to stabilize the fit of the head, and usually a small decorative hat band on the outside of the crown. Hats are customized by creasing the crown and rolling the brim. Hats are also sold pre-creased and pre-rolled. Often a more decorative hat band is added. In some places, «stampede strings» or «wind strings» are also attached.^{[16][page needed]} Hats can be manufactured in virtually any color, but are most often seen in shades of beige, brown and black. Beginning in the 1940s, pastel colors were introduced, seen often on hats worn by movie cowboys and rodeo riders.^[17] «Today’s cowboy hat has remained basically unchanged in construction and design since the first one was created in 1865 by J.B. Stetson.»^[18]

Modern designs[edit]

The modern cowboy hat has remained basically unchanged in construction and underlying design since the Stetson creation.^[18]
The cowboy hat quickly identified its wearer as someone associated with the West.^[19] «Within a decade the name ‘John B. Stetson’ became synonymous with the word ‘hat’ in every corner and culture west of the Mississippi River.»^[20] The shape of the hat’s crown and brim were often modified by the wearer for fashion and to protect against weather by being softened in hot steam, shaped, and allowed to dry and cool. Because of the ease of personalization, it was often possible to tell where a cowboy hat was from, right down to which ranch, simply by looking at the crease in the crown.^[13]

Later as the mystique of the Wild West was popularized by entertainers such as Buffalo Bill Cody and western movies starring actors such as Tom Mix, the Cowboy hat came to symbolize the American West.^[21] John Wayne christened them «the hat that won the West».^[2] The Boss of the Plains design influenced various wide-brimmed hats worn by farmers and ranchers all over the United States. Later designs were customized for law enforcement, military and motion pictures.

The first American law-enforcement agency to adopt Stetson’s western hat as part of their uniform was the Texas Rangers.^[22] The Texas Legislature designated the cowboy hat as the official «State Hat of Texas» in 2015.^[23]

Variations[edit]

Ten-gallon hats[edit]

Some cowboy hats have been called «ten-gallon» hats. The term came into use about 1925.^[24] There are multiple theories for how the concept arose.

One theory is that the term «ten-gallon» is a corruption of the Spanish modifier tan galán, which loosely translates as «really handsome»^[25] or «so fine». For example, «un sombrero tan galán» translates as «such a fine hat».

Another theory is that the term «ten-gallon» is a corruption of the Spanish term galón, which means «galloon», a type of narrow braided trim around the crown, possibly a style adapted by Spanish cowboys. When Texas cowboys misunderstood the word galón for «gallon», the popular, though incorrect, legend may have been born. According to Reynolds and Rand, «The term ten-gallon did not originally refer to the holding capacity of the hat, but to the width of a Mexican sombrero hatband, and is more closely related to this unit of measurement by the Spanish than to the water-holding capacity of a Stetson.»^[26]

Early print advertising by Stetson showed a cowboy giving his horse a drink of water from a hat.^[27] The Stetson company notes that a «ten-gallon» hat holds only 3 quarts, not even one gallon (about 3 L instead of 38 liters).^[26][28]

Calgary White Hat[edit]

The Calgary White Hat is a white felt cowboy hat which is the symbol of both the Calgary Stampede annual rodeo and the city of Calgary. Created by Morris Shumiatcher, owner of Smithbilt Hat Company, it was worn for the first time at the 1946 Stampede. In the early 1950s, Mayor of Calgary Donald Hugh Mackay began presenting the white hat to visiting dignitaries, a tradition that the office of the mayor continues to this day. Thousands of tourists and groups also participate in «white hatting ceremonies» conducted by Tourism Calgary and by volunteer greeters at the Calgary International Airport. In 1983, the Calgary White Hat was incorporated into the design of the flag of Calgary.^[29]

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

References[edit]

• Bender, Texan Bix (1994). Hats & the Cowboys Who Wear Them. ISBN 1586851918
• Blevins, Winfred ( 2001). Dictionary of the American West: over 5,000 terms and expressions from Aarigaa! to Zopilote. ISBN 1570613044
• Carlson, Laurie. (1998) Boss of the plains, the hat that won the West. ISBN 0789424797
• Christian, Mary Blount. (1992) Hats off to John Stetson ISBN 002718465X
• Foster-Harris, William (2007) The Look of the Old West: A Fully Illustrated Guide ISBN 160239024X
• Reynolds, William and Rich Rand (1995) The Cowboy Hat book. ISBN 0879056568
• Snyder, Jeffrey B. (1997) Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865–1970. ISBN 0764302116

External links[edit]

Media related to Cowboy hats at Wikimedia Commons

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The cowboy hat is a high-crowned, wide-brimmed hat best known as the defining piece of attire for the North American cowboy. Today it is worn by many people, and is particularly associated with ranch workers in the western and southern United States, western Canada and northern Mexico, with many country, regional Mexican and sertanejo music performers, and with participants in the North American rodeo circuit. It is recognized around the world as part of Old West apparel.

The cowboy hat as known today has many antecedents to its design, including Mexican hats such as the sombrero, the various designs of wide-brimmed hat worn by farmers and stockmen in the eastern United States, as well as the designs used by the United States Cavalry.

The first western model was the open-crowned «Boss of the Plains», and after that came the front-creased Carlsbad, destined to become «the» cowboy style.^[1] The high-crowned, wide-brimmed, soft-felt western hats that followed are intimately associated with the cowboy image.^[2]

History[edit]

The concept of a broad-brimmed hat with a high crown worn by a rider on horseback can be seen as far back as the Mongolian horsemen of the 13th century.^[3] The hat has a tall crown that provides insulation, and a wide brim that provides shade. Hot and sunny climates inspire designs with very wide brims such as the sombrero of Mexico.

It is not clear when the cowboy hat received its name. However, European-Americans in the Western United States originally had no standard headwear. People moving West wore many styles of hat, including top hats, bowlers, Civil War headgear such as cavalry and slouch hats, and sailor hats.^[4][5]
Contrary to popular belief, it was the bowler and not the cowboy hat that was the most popular in the American West, prompting Lucius Beebe to call it «the hat that won the West».^[6] The working cowboy wore wide-brimmed and high-crowned hats. The hats were most likely adopted from civil war era slouch hats and may have been influenced by the Mexican Vaqueros before the invention of the modern design.^[7] John Batterson Stetson is credited for originating the modern day American Cowboy Hat.^[8]

The original «Boss of the Plains», manufactured by Stetson in 1865, was flat-brimmed, had a straight sided crown, with rounded corners.^[9] These light-weight, waterproof hats were natural in color, with four-inch crowns and brims.^[10] A plain hatband was fitted to adjust head size.^[11] The sweatband bore Stetson’s name.^[4] While only making one style of hat, they came in different qualities ranging from one-grade material at five dollars apiece to pure beaver felt hats for thirty dollars each.^[12] J.B. Stetson was the first to market the «Boss of the Plains» to cowboys, and it has remained the universal image of the American West.^[13] The charisma of the West was carried back East when adventurers returned in the expensive «Boss of the plains» style hat.^[14] In the 19th century and first half of the 20th century, a hat was an indispensable item in every man’s wardrobe. Stetson focused on expensive, high-quality hats that represented a real investment for the working cowboy and a statement of success for the city dweller.

The durability and water-resistance of the original Stetson obtained additional publicity in 1912, when the battleship USS Maine was raised from Havana harbor, where it had sunk in 1898. A Stetson hat was found in the wreck, which had been submerged in seawater for 14 years. The hat had been exposed to ooze, mud, and plant growth. However, the hat was cleaned off, and appeared to be undamaged.^[15]

Design[edit]

Modern cowboy hats are made of fur-based felt, straw or, less often, leather. They are sold with a tall, rounded crown and a wide flat brim. They have a simple sweat band on the inside to stabilize the fit of the head, and usually a small decorative hat band on the outside of the crown. Hats are customized by creasing the crown and rolling the brim. Hats are also sold pre-creased and pre-rolled. Often a more decorative hat band is added. In some places, «stampede strings» or «wind strings» are also attached.^{[16][page needed]} Hats can be manufactured in virtually any color, but are most often seen in shades of beige, brown and black. Beginning in the 1940s, pastel colors were introduced, seen often on hats worn by movie cowboys and rodeo riders.^[17] «Today’s cowboy hat has remained basically unchanged in construction and design since the first one was created in 1865 by J.B. Stetson.»^[18]

Modern designs[edit]

The modern cowboy hat has remained basically unchanged in construction and underlying design since the Stetson creation.^[18]
The cowboy hat quickly identified its wearer as someone associated with the West.^[19] «Within a decade the name ‘John B. Stetson’ became synonymous with the word ‘hat’ in every corner and culture west of the Mississippi River.»^[20] The shape of the hat’s crown and brim were often modified by the wearer for fashion and to protect against weather by being softened in hot steam, shaped, and allowed to dry and cool. Because of the ease of personalization, it was often possible to tell where a cowboy hat was from, right down to which ranch, simply by looking at the crease in the crown.^[13]

Later as the mystique of the Wild West was popularized by entertainers such as Buffalo Bill Cody and western movies starring actors such as Tom Mix, the Cowboy hat came to symbolize the American West.^[21] John Wayne christened them «the hat that won the West».^[2] The Boss of the Plains design influenced various wide-brimmed hats worn by farmers and ranchers all over the United States. Later designs were customized for law enforcement, military and motion pictures.

The first American law-enforcement agency to adopt Stetson’s western hat as part of their uniform was the Texas Rangers.^[22] The Texas Legislature designated the cowboy hat as the official «State Hat of Texas» in 2015.^[23]

Variations[edit]

Ten-gallon hats[edit]

Some cowboy hats have been called «ten-gallon» hats. The term came into use about 1925.^[24] There are multiple theories for how the concept arose.

One theory is that the term «ten-gallon» is a corruption of the Spanish modifier tan galán, which loosely translates as «really handsome»^[25] or «so fine». For example, «un sombrero tan galán» translates as «such a fine hat».

Another theory is that the term «ten-gallon» is a corruption of the Spanish term galón, which means «galloon», a type of narrow braided trim around the crown, possibly a style adapted by Spanish cowboys. When Texas cowboys misunderstood the word galón for «gallon», the popular, though incorrect, legend may have been born. According to Reynolds and Rand, «The term ten-gallon did not originally refer to the holding capacity of the hat, but to the width of a Mexican sombrero hatband, and is more closely related to this unit of measurement by the Spanish than to the water-holding capacity of a Stetson.»^[26]

Early print advertising by Stetson showed a cowboy giving his horse a drink of water from a hat.^[27] The Stetson company notes that a «ten-gallon» hat holds only 3 quarts, not even one gallon (about 3 L instead of 38 liters).^[26][28]

Calgary White Hat[edit]

The Calgary White Hat is a white felt cowboy hat which is the symbol of both the Calgary Stampede annual rodeo and the city of Calgary. Created by Morris Shumiatcher, owner of Smithbilt Hat Company, it was worn for the first time at the 1946 Stampede. In the early 1950s, Mayor of Calgary Donald Hugh Mackay began presenting the white hat to visiting dignitaries, a tradition that the office of the mayor continues to this day. Thousands of tourists and groups also participate in «white hatting ceremonies» conducted by Tourism Calgary and by volunteer greeters at the Calgary International Airport. In 1983, the Calgary White Hat was incorporated into the design of the flag of Calgary.^[29]

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

References[edit]

• Bender, Texan Bix (1994). Hats & the Cowboys Who Wear Them. ISBN 1586851918
• Blevins, Winfred ( 2001). Dictionary of the American West: over 5,000 terms and expressions from Aarigaa! to Zopilote. ISBN 1570613044
• Carlson, Laurie. (1998) Boss of the plains, the hat that won the West. ISBN 0789424797
• Christian, Mary Blount. (1992) Hats off to John Stetson ISBN 002718465X
• Foster-Harris, William (2007) The Look of the Old West: A Fully Illustrated Guide ISBN 160239024X
• Reynolds, William and Rich Rand (1995) The Cowboy Hat book. ISBN 0879056568
• Snyder, Jeffrey B. (1997) Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865–1970. ISBN 0764302116

External links[edit]

Media related to Cowboy hats at Wikimedia Commons

ковбойская шляпа — перевод на английский

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ковбойская шляпа

В Википедии есть статья «ковбойская шляпа».

Русский[править]

Тип и синтаксические свойства сочетания[править]

ков—бо́йс—ка·я шля́—па

Устойчивое сочетание. Используется в качестве именной группы.

Произношение[править]

• МФА: [kɐvˈboɪ̯skəɪ̯ə ˈʂlʲapə]

Семантические свойства[править]

Значение[править]

1. шляпа с высокой округлой тульёй, вогнутой сверху, и с широкими полями, подогнутыми вверх по бокам ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).

Синонимы[править]

1. стетсон

Антонимы[править]

Гиперонимы[править]

Гипонимы[править]

Этимология[править]

Перевод[править]

Библиография[править]

Статья нуждается в доработке. Это незаконченная статья. Вы можете помочь проекту, исправив и дополнив её. В частности, следует уточнить сведения о: произношении семантике этимологии (См. Общепринятые правила).

Невозможно представить себе ковбоя без шляпы. Вспомните фильмы о Диком Западе – везде, в каждом эпизоде покорители степных просторов обязательно на лошади, в кожаных штанах и оригинальном коричневом головном уборе. Итак, как же он называется?

Какое название носит ковбойская шляпа?

Широкополый головной убор с высокой тульей и загнутыми кверху полями связывается с покорителями степных просторов – ковбоями. Он так и называется — ковбойская шляпа. Это универсальный фасон, который широкими полями защищал от ненастья и жары. Шляпа согревала своего обладателя в холод и бодрила в жару, этому способствовала воздушная прослойка между головой и дном тульи.

Второе её название – стетсон, потому что изобрёл её потомственный шляпник Джон Стетсон. Первые экземпляры он создал в 1860-х годах, и с тех пор подобный фасон облюбовали не только американские и канадские ковбои и ранчеры. Она вошла в гардероб мужчин и женщин в Северной Америке, Европе, России, Австралии.

Откуда “пришло” название?

В молодости Джон Баттерсон Стетсон, вопреки полученной от отца профессии шляпника, подался в золотоискатели. Обжигающее солнце, горячие ветра и внезапные ливни Дикого Запада стали его спутниками на пять лет. Все эти годы Стетсона спасала войлочная шляпа, сшитая им там же. Впоследствии такие шляпы получили название “Хозяин равнин” и стали легендой, а пока Джон возвратился домой без денег, заработать которые ему так и не удалось.

Неизвестно, получил бы мир шляпу «стетсон», если бы Джон Баттерсон обогатился на руднике. Возвратившись домой, он решил вернуться к своему ремеслу. Это решение для него оказалось золотой жилой. Вот где было получено богатство.

Он занял деньги и открыл небольшую шляпную мастерскую в арендованном помещении. С заказами ему помогали два наёмных работника. Стетсон стал шить ковбойские шляпы, наподобие того, в котором работал на руднике сам.

Новый фасон по достоинству оценили ковбои. Каждый из них мог позволить себе заплатить 10 долларов за шляпу, которая стала их отличительным знаком. Производство стало шириться и развиваться. Стетсон стал хозяином собственного завода, с которого началось строительство шляпной империи с огромным денежным оборотом и армией клиентов по всему миру.

Какие виды бывают?

Компания Стетсона всегда была ориентирована на клиента, и моделей за долгие годы изобретено много, на любой вкус:

1. Классическая – легендарная фасон ковбойской шляпы. Поля загибаются вверх, на тулье характерная длинная складка, есть модели с боковыми вмятинами;
2. Хозяин равнин – именно эту модель придумал Стетсон первой. Лента декорирует чуть выпуклое дно тульи, без каких-либо впадин или вмятин, поля шьются плоскими и не очень широкими;
3. десятигалонная – один из самых востребованных в Техасе фасонов. Считается, что внушительный объём высокой тульи позволял переносить некоторое количество воды. Конечно, 10 галонов – это сильное преувеличение, к необычной модели с загибающимися полями название прикрепилось;
4. канадский пик – модель характеризуется вытянутой заострённой тульей, перенятой у фасона сомбреро. Американские солдаты усовершенствовали фасон, смоделировав четыре вмятины для защиты от ливней в тропиках. Сейчас эту модель можно увидеть у армейских инструкторов, скаутов, правоохранителей нескольких штатов США, конной полиции Канады;
5. кавалерийская ковбойская шляпа – узнаваема по плоским полям средней величины, длинной вмятине на тулье и шнурку с «желудями». Они предназначались для того, чтобы своим стуком не дать всаднику спать в седле. Сейчас это парадный атрибут одного из родов войск американской армии.

Автор статьи:
Александра Попова

Путь к авторству был очень долгим и решительным. Я всегда знала, что увлечение модой и стилем, могут кому-то помочь. В моей голове много идей, а ведь всё начинается именно с них Я не стремлюсь произвести революцию в мире моды, но хочу, чтобы вы их слышали и чувствовали.
Если вы с чем-то не согласны или хотите задать какой-то вопрос, то я всегда открыта для вас, и готова помочь в любую минуту

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