Как пишется майбах на английском

Maybach (German: [ˈmaɪbax], MY-bokh)^[1] is a German luxury car brand that exists today as a part of Mercedes-Benz. The original company was founded in 1909 by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach, originally as a subsidiary of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH, and it was known as Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH until 1999.

Maybach

Type	Subsidiary (GmbH)
Industry	Automotive
Founded	1909
Founder	Wilhelm Maybach
Defunct	1960 (bought by Daimler-Benz) 2013 (as a standalone brand)
Fate	1960: bought by Daimler-Benz 2002: standalone brand 2015: Mercedes sub-brand
Successor	Mercedes-Maybach
Headquarters	Stuttgart, Germany
Products	Luxury vehicles
Parent	Mercedes-Benz
Website	Mercedes-Maybach maybach.com

In 1960, Maybach was acquired by Daimler-Benz. The name returned as a standalone ultra-luxury car brand in 2002, sharing significant components with Mercedes-Benz cars. After slow sales, Maybach ceased to be a standalone brand by 2013, and it became (in 2015) a sub-brand of Mercedes-Benz, which is owned by the Mercedes-Benz Group. As of 2021, Daimler produces an ultra-luxury edition of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class and Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class under the Mercedes-Maybach name.^[2]

1909–1940: Early historyEdit

Wilhelm Maybach was technical director of the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (literally «Aircraft Engine Building Company»), with his son Karl Maybach as director.^{[citation needed]} In 1912, they renamed it to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH («Maybach Engine Construction Company»). The company originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then rail cars. Its Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I.

The company first built an experimental car in 1919, introduced as a production model two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced a variety of opulent vehicles, now regarded as classics. The company also continued to build heavy-duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes.

Maybach had a British subsidiary, Maybach Gears Ltd, that specialised in gearboxes. In 1938, in conjunction with Dr Henry Merritt, they produced a gearbox and steering system – the ‘Merritt-Maybach’ – for the abortive Nuffield A.16E1 Cruiser tank design.^[3]

1940–1945Edit

During the Second World War, Maybach produced the engines for most of Nazi Germany’s tanks and half-tracks. These included almost all the production tank engines through Panzer I, II, III, IV and V, the Tiger I and II (Maybach HL230) and other heavy tanks: and also engines for half-tracks such as the Sd.Kfz. 251 personnel carrier and prime movers like the Sd.Kfz. 9. The engine plant was one of several industries targeted at Friedrichshafen.

After WW II, the factory performed some repair work, but automotive production was never restarted, and some 20 years later, the company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen.

1960sEdit

Daimler-Benz purchased the company in 1960. Post-1960, the company was mainly used to make special editions of Mercedes cars in the W108 and W116 model range, which were virtually hand built. These cars however carried the Mercedes badge and serial numbers.

Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG, based in Friedrichshafen, used to manufacture the commercial Maybach diesel engines under the MTU brand through its subsidiary MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH.^[when?]

1997–2013Edit

Daimler presented a luxury concept car at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show. A production model based on it was introduced in two sizes – the Maybach 57 and the Maybach 62, reflecting the lengths of the automobiles in decimetres. In 2005 the 57S was added, powered by a 6.0 L V12 bi-turbo engine producing 450 kW (603 hp) and 1,000 N⋅m (738 lbf⋅ft) of torque, and featuring various cosmetic touches.

To promote the new Maybach line, Mercedes-Benz engaged figures such as Maybach heir Ulrich Schmid-Maybach and golfer Nick Faldo to serve as brand ambassadors.^[4]

Initially, Daimler-Chrysler predicted annual sales of 2,000 worldwide with 50 per cent coming from the United States; however, these expectations never materialized.^[5][6] In 2007, Mercedes bought back 29 US dealers, reducing the total from 71 to 42.^[7] In 2010, only 157 Maybachs were sold worldwide, compared to 2,711 similarly priced Rolls-Royces.^[8] By the time of the announcement that the brand was to be laid back to rest, 3,000 had been sold worldwide since the brand was revived in 2002.^[9]

Daimler announced in November 2011 that Maybach would cease to be a brand by 2013 and manufactured the last Maybach vehicle in December 2012. This was because of poor sales.^[10][11]

CancellationEdit

With poor sales and the heavy impact of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Daimler AG undertook a complete review of the Maybach division,^[12] approaching Aston Martin to engineer and style the next generation of Maybach models along with the next generation of Lagondas.^[13] According to Automotive News, only 44 Maybachs had been sold in the United States in the first ten months of 2011.^[14]

An article in Fortune noted that Mercedes had missed out on the chance to purchase Rolls-Royce and Bentley when they were up for sale in the 1990s:

«Mercedes backpedaled and decided it needed to be in the ultra-luxury business too, but it went after it in a remarkably clumsy way.»

It further stated that the first Maybach models had poor driving dynamics compared to its contemporaries from Rolls-Royce and Bentley:

«Mercedes took an aging S-class chassis and plopped an absurdly elongated body on it … rather than develop a new car from the wheels up, as BMW did with Rolls-Royce, or cleverly use the underpinnings of an existing model like the Volkswagen Phaeton for a new Bentley.»

Furthermore, Maybachs were never advertised as owner-driven vehicles, as the company believed that the luxury amenities would be sufficient to drive sales, and they even insisted that auto journalists (who usually test drive the vehicle) ride in the backseat.^[8]

Another suggestion for Maybach’s struggles was that parent Daimler had failed to differentiate it from its Mercedes-Benz brand. While all three ultra-luxury marques share platforms and engines with other luxury brands from their parent auto company, Maybachs are built alongside the Mercedes-Benz S-Class flagship sedan, whereas Rolls-Royce and Bentley are assembled in England (separate from the rest of BMW and Volkswagen Group’s respective production plants), and thus are regarded as being more «exclusive». Furthermore, the Maybach’s pedigree was virtually unknown outside of Germany, unlike its British rivals which have long enjoyed renown worldwide;^[13] indeed the 2006 Rolls-Royce Phantom’s interior evokes memories of a 1930s car while the Maybach 57S’s inside makes no reference to its marque’s history.^[15]

In November 2011, Daimler’s CEO Dieter Zetsche announced that the Maybach-brand would cease to exist in 2012, making room for other models of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. The Maybach-limousines were still being sold up to the year 2013, but after that, the name «Maybach» would not be used anymore.^[16] On 14 August 2012, parent Daimler AG announced the official discontinuation of Maybach by releasing a price sheet officially discontinuing the Maybach 57, 57S, 62, 62S and Landaulet.^[17] On 17 December 2012, the last Maybach vehicle was manufactured in Sindelfingen.^[18]

2015–presentEdit

RevivalEdit

The company announced that the line would be replaced by the next-generation of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, Model W222, due for the 2014 model year, particularly the long wheelbase S-Class Pullman. An executive told a Frankfurt newspaper that «Daimler came to the conclusion that the sales chances for the Mercedes brand were better than that of Maybach.»^[19]

Mercedes-MaybachEdit

Rear seats of a Mercedes-Maybach S 650

In November 2014, Daimler announced the revival of the Maybach name as a sub-brand of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222), positioned as an upscale version akin to the more sporty Mercedes-AMG sub-brand. In anticipation of its April 2015 launch,^[20] the flagship Mercedes-Maybach S600 was unveiled at car shows in Los Angeles, United States, and Guangzhou, China,^[21] and the production model at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show.^[22] During the facelift, the S 500 and S 550 were redesignated S 560 and the flagship was renamed S 650.

Assembled on the same Sindelfingen line used for the S-Class, the model is targeted against the Bentley Mulsanne and Rolls-Royce Phantom.^[23] At 5.453 metres (17.89 ft) long with a wheelbase of 3.365 metres (11.04 ft) (132.5 inches), it is approximately 20 centimetres (7.9 in) longer than the long-wheelbase S-Class models. The Mercedes-Maybach will be available as S500 (S550 in the US) and S600 models, with 4matic all-wheel-drive optional with the V8 engine.^[24][25] Acceleration is 0 to 60 miles per hour (0 to 97 km/h) in 5.0 seconds.^[26] The base car has several colour finish options and the choice between a three-seat rear bench, or two seats reclining. Options include: air-conditioned, heated and massaging seats; heated armrests; a system to pump scented, ionised air around the cabin; and a 1540 watt Burmester 3D surround sound system with 24 speakers.^[23] Maybach S500 assembly in Pune, India, began in September 2015, making India the second country to produce a Maybach.^[27][28]

Concept carsEdit

The first Mercedes-Maybach concept car is the Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6, a large 2-door coupe with a fully electric drivetrain. The model was unveiled at the 2016 Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance.^[29] The latest concept car is Project MAYBACH, a Mercedes-Maybach S-Class.^[30]

ModelsEdit

Pre-warEdit

• 1919 Maybach W1: Test car based on a DMG chassis
• 1921 Maybach W3: First Maybach, shown at Berlin Motor Show. Featured a 70 hp (52 kW) 5.7L inline six.
• 1926 Maybach W5: 7L inline six, 120 hp (89 kW)
• 1929 Maybach 12: V12 precursor to DS7/8
• 1930 Maybach DSH: Doppel-Sechs-Halbe («half a twelve cylinder») 1930–37
• 1930 Maybach DS7 Zeppelin: 7L V12, 150 hp (112 kW)
• 1931 Maybach W6: Same engine as W5, longer wheelbase. 1931–33
• 1931 Maybach DS8 Zeppelin: 8L V12, 200 hp (150 kW)
• 1934 Maybach W6 DSG: Featuring a twin overdrive transmission system.
• 1935 Maybach SW35: 3.5L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1936 Maybach SW38: 3.8L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1939 Maybach SW42: 4.2L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1945 Maybach JW61: 3.8L 145 hp (108 kW) I6

2 were the 5.7 L inline six engines built for and ordered by Spyker. Not all were purchased, and Karl had to build cars featuring the engines to offset costs.

Around 1800 Maybachs were built before WW II.

EnginesEdit

• Maybach HL120
• Maybach HL116
• Maybach HL210
• Maybach HL230

Post-revivalEdit

Mercedes-Maybach G 650 Landaulet at Geneve Motor Show 2017

• 2002 Maybach 57 and 62
• 2005 Maybach Exelero (prototype shown at the IAA in Frankfurt)
• 2005 Maybach 57S (the S standing for Special rather than Sport)
• 2006 Maybach 62S
• 2007 Maybach 62 Landaulet
• 2009 Maybach 57 and 62 «Zeppelin»
• 2011 Maybach Guard
• 2014 Mercedes-Maybach S600
• 2014 Mercedes-Maybach S400 (Only for China)
• 2015 Mercedes-Maybach S500/S550 (US)
• 2015 Mercedes-Maybach S600 Pullman
• 2016 Mercedes-Maybach S 650 Cabriolet
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S560
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S650
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S680 (Renamed S650 only for China)
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach G 650 Landaulet
• 2019 Mercedes-Maybach GLS600
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S480 (Only for China)
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S580
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S680

PerformanceEdit

The Maybach 57 from 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) in about 5.1 seconds; the Maybach 62 and 57 S, about 4.8 seconds; the Maybach 62 S and the Landaulet in 4.5 seconds. This rapid acceleration is noteworthy for cars weighing well over 6,000 pounds (2.7 metric tons). Maybachs in general are extremely powerful: the 57 has 518 bhp (386 kW; 525 PS); the 57 S, 559 bhp (417 kW; 567 PS); the 62, 570 bhp (425 kW; 578 PS); the 62 S, 612 bhp (456 kW; 620 PS), and the Landaulet, 633 bhp (472 kW; 642 PS).

FeaturesEdit

Options for the Maybach 62 and 62S included 18-way power rear seats (replacing 14-way), power side and rear sunshade curtains, cooled rear seats, wireless headphones, electrochromic panoramic sunroof with solar panel for vehicle-off ventilation (replacing two choices of power sunroof) and interior partition with power, electrochromic glass divider.^{[citation needed]}

SalesEdit

Calendar year	US sales
2003[31]	166
2004	244
2005[32]	152
2006	146
2007[33]	156
2008	119
2009[34]	66
2010[35]	63

Daimler announced in November 2020 that it planned to double its Maybach sales, based on strong Chinese demand, where the car is used as a limousine.^[36]

See alsoEdit

• List of German cars
• Maybach Foundation
• Maybach I and II, two World War II bunker complexes named after the engines
• Museum for Historical Maybach Vehicles

ReferencesEdit

External linksEdit

• Maybach Comes to a Quiet End
• Maybach Manufaktur
• The Maybach Museum (in German)
• A biography of Wilhelm Maybach (in German) (in German)
• Technical information about Maybach engines in the Tiger I tank
• Maybach Foundation
• «Lockers Hold Spare Wheel Of Stream Line Auto», Popular Mechanics, October 1932, a streamlined auto made in co-operation with Junkers engineers, only one built
• Maybach S600 and 900, All About Cars, 2016
• Maybach Brand Review

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Maybach

существительное

Maybach

м.р.
(Автомобили)

He doesn’t have a Maybach Exelero parked in the garage in his dacha.

В гараже на его даче не стоит Maybach Exelero.

Контексты

Of the eight men on this list, three of them were out of the country that day, and one of them was on life support after crashing his maybach into a bus.
Из восьми человек в этом списке, троих не было в стране в тот день, а один из них находится на жизнеобеспечение после того, как въехал на своем Майбахе в автобус.

He doesn’t have a Maybach Exelero parked in the garage in his dacha.
В гараже на его даче не стоит Maybach Exelero.

The next two key milestones came during the 1880’s, with the invention by Benz, Daimler, and Maybach of the gasoline-fuelled Otto-cycle internal combustion engine and the patenting of Charles Parsons’ steam turbine.
Два других ключевых промежуточных события произошли в 1880-е годы: Бенц, Даймлер и Майбах создали бензиновый двигатель внутреннего сгорания с циклом Отто, и Чарльз Парсонс запатентовал паровую турбину.

Why would you buy a car the size of a Maybach, then black out your windows when you’re four foot nothing?
Зачем покупать такую большую машину как Maybach и тонировать окна, когда сам метр с кепкой?

So, what we’ve learned so far is that the Yeti is more comfortable than a Range Rover more practical than a Maybach faster than a Ferrari cheaper than a Vauxhall Astra and tougher on the inside, at least, than the fire brigade.
Итак, мы узнали за это время, что Yeti является более удобной чем Range Rover более практичным, чем Майбах быстрее чем Ферарри и дешевле, чем Воксхолл Астра и довольно прочный внутри, по крайней мере, для пожарной бригады.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maybach

Type	Subsidiary (GmbH)
Industry	Automotive
Founded	1909
Founder	Wilhelm Maybach
Defunct	1960 (bought by Daimler-Benz) 2013 (as a standalone brand)
Fate	1960: bought by Daimler-Benz 2002: standalone brand 2015: Mercedes sub-brand
Successor	Mercedes-Maybach
Headquarters	Stuttgart, Germany
Products	Luxury vehicles
Parent	Mercedes-Benz
Website	Mercedes-Maybach maybach.com

Maybach (German: [ˈmaɪbax], MY-bokh)^[1] is a German luxury car brand that exists today as a part of Mercedes-Benz. The original company was founded in 1909 by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach, originally as a subsidiary of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH, and it was known as Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH until 1999.

In 1960, Maybach was acquired by Daimler-Benz. The name returned as a standalone ultra-luxury car brand in 2002, sharing significant components with Mercedes-Benz cars. After slow sales, Maybach ceased to be a standalone brand by 2013, and it became (in 2015) a sub-brand of Mercedes-Benz, which is owned by the Mercedes-Benz Group. As of 2021, Daimler produces an ultra-luxury edition of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class and Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class under the Mercedes-Maybach name.^[2]

1909–1940: Early history[edit]

Wilhelm Maybach was technical director of the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (literally «Aircraft Engine Building Company»), with his son Karl Maybach as director.^{[citation needed]} In 1912, they renamed it to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH («Maybach Engine Construction Company»). The company originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then rail cars. Its Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I.

The company first built an experimental car in 1919, introduced as a production model two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced a variety of opulent vehicles, now regarded as classics. The company also continued to build heavy-duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes.

Maybach had a British subsidiary, Maybach Gears Ltd, that specialised in gearboxes. In 1938, in conjunction with Dr Henry Merritt, they produced a gearbox and steering system – the ‘Merritt-Maybach’ – for the abortive Nuffield A.16E1 Cruiser tank design.^[3]

1940–1945[edit]

During the Second World War, Maybach produced the engines for most of Nazi Germany’s tanks and half-tracks. These included almost all the production tank engines through Panzer I, II, III, IV and V, the Tiger I and II (Maybach HL230) and other heavy tanks: and also engines for half-tracks such as the Sd.Kfz. 251 personnel carrier and prime movers like the Sd.Kfz. 9. The engine plant was one of several industries targeted at Friedrichshafen.

After WW II, the factory performed some repair work, but automotive production was never restarted, and some 20 years later, the company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen.

1960s[edit]

Daimler-Benz purchased the company in 1960. Post-1960, the company was mainly used to make special editions of Mercedes cars in the W108 and W116 model range, which were virtually hand built. These cars however carried the Mercedes badge and serial numbers.

Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG, based in Friedrichshafen, used to manufacture the commercial Maybach diesel engines under the MTU brand through its subsidiary MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH.^[when?]

1997–2013[edit]

Daimler presented a luxury concept car at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show. A production model based on it was introduced in two sizes – the Maybach 57 and the Maybach 62, reflecting the lengths of the automobiles in decimetres. In 2005 the 57S was added, powered by a 6.0 L V12 bi-turbo engine producing 450 kW (603 hp) and 1,000 N⋅m (738 lbf⋅ft) of torque, and featuring various cosmetic touches.

To promote the new Maybach line, Mercedes-Benz engaged figures such as Maybach heir Ulrich Schmid-Maybach and golfer Nick Faldo to serve as brand ambassadors.^[4]

Initially, Daimler-Chrysler predicted annual sales of 2,000 worldwide with 50 per cent coming from the United States; however, these expectations never materialized.^[5][6] In 2007, Mercedes bought back 29 US dealers, reducing the total from 71 to 42.^[7] In 2010, only 157 Maybachs were sold worldwide, compared to 2,711 similarly priced Rolls-Royces.^[8] By the time of the announcement that the brand was to be laid back to rest, 3,000 had been sold worldwide since the brand was revived in 2002.^[9]

Daimler announced in November 2011 that Maybach would cease to be a brand by 2013 and manufactured the last Maybach vehicle in December 2012. This was because of poor sales.^[10][11]

Cancellation[edit]

With poor sales and the heavy impact of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Daimler AG undertook a complete review of the Maybach division,^[12] approaching Aston Martin to engineer and style the next generation of Maybach models along with the next generation of Lagondas.^[13] According to Automotive News, only 44 Maybachs had been sold in the United States in the first ten months of 2011.^[14]

An article in Fortune noted that Mercedes had missed out on the chance to purchase Rolls-Royce and Bentley when they were up for sale in the 1990s:

«Mercedes backpedaled and decided it needed to be in the ultra-luxury business too, but it went after it in a remarkably clumsy way.»

It further stated that the first Maybach models had poor driving dynamics compared to its contemporaries from Rolls-Royce and Bentley:

«Mercedes took an aging S-class chassis and plopped an absurdly elongated body on it … rather than develop a new car from the wheels up, as BMW did with Rolls-Royce, or cleverly use the underpinnings of an existing model like the Volkswagen Phaeton for a new Bentley.»

Furthermore, Maybachs were never advertised as owner-driven vehicles, as the company believed that the luxury amenities would be sufficient to drive sales, and they even insisted that auto journalists (who usually test drive the vehicle) ride in the backseat.^[8]

Another suggestion for Maybach’s struggles was that parent Daimler had failed to differentiate it from its Mercedes-Benz brand. While all three ultra-luxury marques share platforms and engines with other luxury brands from their parent auto company, Maybachs are built alongside the Mercedes-Benz S-Class flagship sedan, whereas Rolls-Royce and Bentley are assembled in England (separate from the rest of BMW and Volkswagen Group’s respective production plants), and thus are regarded as being more «exclusive». Furthermore, the Maybach’s pedigree was virtually unknown outside of Germany, unlike its British rivals which have long enjoyed renown worldwide;^[13] indeed the 2006 Rolls-Royce Phantom’s interior evokes memories of a 1930s car while the Maybach 57S’s inside makes no reference to its marque’s history.^[15]

In November 2011, Daimler’s CEO Dieter Zetsche announced that the Maybach-brand would cease to exist in 2012, making room for other models of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. The Maybach-limousines were still being sold up to the year 2013, but after that, the name «Maybach» would not be used anymore.^[16] On 14 August 2012, parent Daimler AG announced the official discontinuation of Maybach by releasing a price sheet officially discontinuing the Maybach 57, 57S, 62, 62S and Landaulet.^[17] On 17 December 2012, the last Maybach vehicle was manufactured in Sindelfingen.^[18]

2015–present[edit]

Revival[edit]

The company announced that the line would be replaced by the next-generation of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, Model W222, due for the 2014 model year, particularly the long wheelbase S-Class Pullman. An executive told a Frankfurt newspaper that «Daimler came to the conclusion that the sales chances for the Mercedes brand were better than that of Maybach.»^[19]

Mercedes-Maybach[edit]

In November 2014, Daimler announced the revival of the Maybach name as a sub-brand of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222), positioned as an upscale version akin to the more sporty Mercedes-AMG sub-brand. In anticipation of its April 2015 launch,^[20] the flagship Mercedes-Maybach S600 was unveiled at car shows in Los Angeles, United States, and Guangzhou, China,^[21] and the production model at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show.^[22] During the facelift, the S 500 and S 550 were redesignated S 560 and the flagship was renamed S 650.

Assembled on the same Sindelfingen line used for the S-Class, the model is targeted against the Bentley Mulsanne and Rolls-Royce Phantom.^[23] At 5.453 metres (17.89 ft) long with a wheelbase of 3.365 metres (11.04 ft) (132.5 inches), it is approximately 20 centimetres (7.9 in) longer than the long-wheelbase S-Class models. The Mercedes-Maybach will be available as S500 (S550 in the US) and S600 models, with 4matic all-wheel-drive optional with the V8 engine.^[24][25] Acceleration is 0 to 60 miles per hour (0 to 97 km/h) in 5.0 seconds.^[26] The base car has several colour finish options and the choice between a three-seat rear bench, or two seats reclining. Options include: air-conditioned, heated and massaging seats; heated armrests; a system to pump scented, ionised air around the cabin; and a 1540 watt Burmester 3D surround sound system with 24 speakers.^[23] Maybach S500 assembly in Pune, India, began in September 2015, making India the second country to produce a Maybach.^[27][28]

Concept cars[edit]

The first Mercedes-Maybach concept car is the Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6, a large 2-door coupe with a fully electric drivetrain. The model was unveiled at the 2016 Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance.^[29] The latest concept car is Project MAYBACH, a Mercedes-Maybach S-Class.^[30]

Models[edit]

Pre-war[edit]

• 1919 Maybach W1: Test car based on a DMG chassis
• 1921 Maybach W3: First Maybach, shown at Berlin Motor Show. Featured a 70 hp (52 kW) 5.7L inline six.
• 1926 Maybach W5: 7L inline six, 120 hp (89 kW)
• 1929 Maybach 12: V12 precursor to DS7/8
• 1930 Maybach DSH: Doppel-Sechs-Halbe («half a twelve cylinder») 1930–37
• 1930 Maybach DS7 Zeppelin: 7L V12, 150 hp (112 kW)
• 1931 Maybach W6: Same engine as W5, longer wheelbase. 1931–33
• 1931 Maybach DS8 Zeppelin: 8L V12, 200 hp (150 kW)
• 1934 Maybach W6 DSG: Featuring a twin overdrive transmission system.
• 1935 Maybach SW35: 3.5L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1936 Maybach SW38: 3.8L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1939 Maybach SW42: 4.2L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1945 Maybach JW61: 3.8L 145 hp (108 kW) I6

2 were the 5.7 L inline six engines built for and ordered by Spyker. Not all were purchased, and Karl had to build cars featuring the engines to offset costs.

Around 1800 Maybachs were built before WW II.

Engines[edit]

• Maybach HL120
• Maybach HL116
• Maybach HL210
• Maybach HL230

Post-revival[edit]

• 2002 Maybach 57 and 62
• 2005 Maybach Exelero (prototype shown at the IAA in Frankfurt)
• 2005 Maybach 57S (the S standing for Special rather than Sport)
• 2006 Maybach 62S
• 2007 Maybach 62 Landaulet
• 2009 Maybach 57 and 62 «Zeppelin»
• 2011 Maybach Guard
• 2014 Mercedes-Maybach S600
• 2014 Mercedes-Maybach S400 (Only for China)
• 2015 Mercedes-Maybach S500/S550 (US)
• 2015 Mercedes-Maybach S600 Pullman
• 2016 Mercedes-Maybach S 650 Cabriolet
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S560
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S650
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S680 (Renamed S650 only for China)
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach G 650 Landaulet
• 2019 Mercedes-Maybach GLS600
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S480 (Only for China)
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S580
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S680

Performance[edit]

The Maybach 57 from 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) in about 5.1 seconds; the Maybach 62 and 57 S, about 4.8 seconds; the Maybach 62 S and the Landaulet in 4.5 seconds. This rapid acceleration is noteworthy for cars weighing well over 6,000 pounds (2.7 metric tons). Maybachs in general are extremely powerful: the 57 has 518 bhp (386 kW; 525 PS); the 57 S, 559 bhp (417 kW; 567 PS); the 62, 570 bhp (425 kW; 578 PS); the 62 S, 612 bhp (456 kW; 620 PS), and the Landaulet, 633 bhp (472 kW; 642 PS).

Features[edit]

Options for the Maybach 62 and 62S included 18-way power rear seats (replacing 14-way), power side and rear sunshade curtains, cooled rear seats, wireless headphones, electrochromic panoramic sunroof with solar panel for vehicle-off ventilation (replacing two choices of power sunroof) and interior partition with power, electrochromic glass divider.^{[citation needed]}

Sales[edit]

Calendar year	US sales
2003[31]	166
2004	244
2005[32]	152
2006	146
2007[33]	156
2008	119
2009[34]	66
2010[35]	63

Daimler announced in November 2020 that it planned to double its Maybach sales, based on strong Chinese demand, where the car is used as a limousine.^[36]

See also[edit]

• List of German cars
• Maybach Foundation
• Maybach I and II, two World War II bunker complexes named after the engines
• Museum for Historical Maybach Vehicles

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Maybach Comes to a Quiet End
• Maybach Manufaktur
• The Maybach Museum (in German)
• A biography of Wilhelm Maybach (in German) (in German)
• Technical information about Maybach engines in the Tiger I tank
• Maybach Foundation
• «Lockers Hold Spare Wheel Of Stream Line Auto», Popular Mechanics, October 1932, a streamlined auto made in co-operation with Junkers engineers, only one built
• Maybach S600 and 900, All About Cars, 2016
• Maybach Brand Review

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maybach

Type	Subsidiary (GmbH)
Industry	Automotive
Founded	1909
Founder	Wilhelm Maybach
Defunct	1960 (bought by Daimler-Benz) 2013 (as a standalone brand)
Fate	1960: bought by Daimler-Benz 2002: standalone brand 2015: Mercedes sub-brand
Successor	Mercedes-Maybach
Headquarters	Stuttgart, Germany
Products	Luxury vehicles
Parent	Mercedes-Benz
Website	Mercedes-Maybach maybach.com

Maybach (German: [ˈmaɪbax], MY-bokh)^[1] is a German luxury car brand that exists today as a part of Mercedes-Benz. The original company was founded in 1909 by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach, originally as a subsidiary of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH, and it was known as Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH until 1999.

In 1960, Maybach was acquired by Daimler-Benz. The name returned as a standalone ultra-luxury car brand in 2002, sharing significant components with Mercedes-Benz cars. After slow sales, Maybach ceased to be a standalone brand by 2013, and it became (in 2015) a sub-brand of Mercedes-Benz, which is owned by the Mercedes-Benz Group. As of 2021, Daimler produces an ultra-luxury edition of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class and Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class under the Mercedes-Maybach name.^[2]

1909–1940: Early history[edit]

Wilhelm Maybach was technical director of the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (literally «Aircraft Engine Building Company»), with his son Karl Maybach as director.^{[citation needed]} In 1912, they renamed it to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH («Maybach Engine Construction Company»). The company originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then rail cars. Its Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I.

The company first built an experimental car in 1919, introduced as a production model two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced a variety of opulent vehicles, now regarded as classics. The company also continued to build heavy-duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes.

Maybach had a British subsidiary, Maybach Gears Ltd, that specialised in gearboxes. In 1938, in conjunction with Dr Henry Merritt, they produced a gearbox and steering system – the ‘Merritt-Maybach’ – for the abortive Nuffield A.16E1 Cruiser tank design.^[3]

1940–1945[edit]

During the Second World War, Maybach produced the engines for most of Nazi Germany’s tanks and half-tracks. These included almost all the production tank engines through Panzer I, II, III, IV and V, the Tiger I and II (Maybach HL230) and other heavy tanks: and also engines for half-tracks such as the Sd.Kfz. 251 personnel carrier and prime movers like the Sd.Kfz. 9. The engine plant was one of several industries targeted at Friedrichshafen.

After WW II, the factory performed some repair work, but automotive production was never restarted, and some 20 years later, the company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen.

1960s[edit]

Daimler-Benz purchased the company in 1960. Post-1960, the company was mainly used to make special editions of Mercedes cars in the W108 and W116 model range, which were virtually hand built. These cars however carried the Mercedes badge and serial numbers.

Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG, based in Friedrichshafen, used to manufacture the commercial Maybach diesel engines under the MTU brand through its subsidiary MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH.^[when?]

1997–2013[edit]

Daimler presented a luxury concept car at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show. A production model based on it was introduced in two sizes – the Maybach 57 and the Maybach 62, reflecting the lengths of the automobiles in decimetres. In 2005 the 57S was added, powered by a 6.0 L V12 bi-turbo engine producing 450 kW (603 hp) and 1,000 N⋅m (738 lbf⋅ft) of torque, and featuring various cosmetic touches.

To promote the new Maybach line, Mercedes-Benz engaged figures such as Maybach heir Ulrich Schmid-Maybach and golfer Nick Faldo to serve as brand ambassadors.^[4]

Initially, Daimler-Chrysler predicted annual sales of 2,000 worldwide with 50 per cent coming from the United States; however, these expectations never materialized.^[5][6] In 2007, Mercedes bought back 29 US dealers, reducing the total from 71 to 42.^[7] In 2010, only 157 Maybachs were sold worldwide, compared to 2,711 similarly priced Rolls-Royces.^[8] By the time of the announcement that the brand was to be laid back to rest, 3,000 had been sold worldwide since the brand was revived in 2002.^[9]

Daimler announced in November 2011 that Maybach would cease to be a brand by 2013 and manufactured the last Maybach vehicle in December 2012. This was because of poor sales.^[10][11]

Cancellation[edit]

With poor sales and the heavy impact of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Daimler AG undertook a complete review of the Maybach division,^[12] approaching Aston Martin to engineer and style the next generation of Maybach models along with the next generation of Lagondas.^[13] According to Automotive News, only 44 Maybachs had been sold in the United States in the first ten months of 2011.^[14]

An article in Fortune noted that Mercedes had missed out on the chance to purchase Rolls-Royce and Bentley when they were up for sale in the 1990s:

«Mercedes backpedaled and decided it needed to be in the ultra-luxury business too, but it went after it in a remarkably clumsy way.»

It further stated that the first Maybach models had poor driving dynamics compared to its contemporaries from Rolls-Royce and Bentley:

«Mercedes took an aging S-class chassis and plopped an absurdly elongated body on it … rather than develop a new car from the wheels up, as BMW did with Rolls-Royce, or cleverly use the underpinnings of an existing model like the Volkswagen Phaeton for a new Bentley.»

Furthermore, Maybachs were never advertised as owner-driven vehicles, as the company believed that the luxury amenities would be sufficient to drive sales, and they even insisted that auto journalists (who usually test drive the vehicle) ride in the backseat.^[8]

Another suggestion for Maybach’s struggles was that parent Daimler had failed to differentiate it from its Mercedes-Benz brand. While all three ultra-luxury marques share platforms and engines with other luxury brands from their parent auto company, Maybachs are built alongside the Mercedes-Benz S-Class flagship sedan, whereas Rolls-Royce and Bentley are assembled in England (separate from the rest of BMW and Volkswagen Group’s respective production plants), and thus are regarded as being more «exclusive». Furthermore, the Maybach’s pedigree was virtually unknown outside of Germany, unlike its British rivals which have long enjoyed renown worldwide;^[13] indeed the 2006 Rolls-Royce Phantom’s interior evokes memories of a 1930s car while the Maybach 57S’s inside makes no reference to its marque’s history.^[15]

In November 2011, Daimler’s CEO Dieter Zetsche announced that the Maybach-brand would cease to exist in 2012, making room for other models of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. The Maybach-limousines were still being sold up to the year 2013, but after that, the name «Maybach» would not be used anymore.^[16] On 14 August 2012, parent Daimler AG announced the official discontinuation of Maybach by releasing a price sheet officially discontinuing the Maybach 57, 57S, 62, 62S and Landaulet.^[17] On 17 December 2012, the last Maybach vehicle was manufactured in Sindelfingen.^[18]

2015–present[edit]

Revival[edit]

The company announced that the line would be replaced by the next-generation of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, Model W222, due for the 2014 model year, particularly the long wheelbase S-Class Pullman. An executive told a Frankfurt newspaper that «Daimler came to the conclusion that the sales chances for the Mercedes brand were better than that of Maybach.»^[19]

Mercedes-Maybach[edit]

In November 2014, Daimler announced the revival of the Maybach name as a sub-brand of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222), positioned as an upscale version akin to the more sporty Mercedes-AMG sub-brand. In anticipation of its April 2015 launch,^[20] the flagship Mercedes-Maybach S600 was unveiled at car shows in Los Angeles, United States, and Guangzhou, China,^[21] and the production model at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show.^[22] During the facelift, the S 500 and S 550 were redesignated S 560 and the flagship was renamed S 650.

Assembled on the same Sindelfingen line used for the S-Class, the model is targeted against the Bentley Mulsanne and Rolls-Royce Phantom.^[23] At 5.453 metres (17.89 ft) long with a wheelbase of 3.365 metres (11.04 ft) (132.5 inches), it is approximately 20 centimetres (7.9 in) longer than the long-wheelbase S-Class models. The Mercedes-Maybach will be available as S500 (S550 in the US) and S600 models, with 4matic all-wheel-drive optional with the V8 engine.^[24][25] Acceleration is 0 to 60 miles per hour (0 to 97 km/h) in 5.0 seconds.^[26] The base car has several colour finish options and the choice between a three-seat rear bench, or two seats reclining. Options include: air-conditioned, heated and massaging seats; heated armrests; a system to pump scented, ionised air around the cabin; and a 1540 watt Burmester 3D surround sound system with 24 speakers.^[23] Maybach S500 assembly in Pune, India, began in September 2015, making India the second country to produce a Maybach.^[27][28]

Concept cars[edit]

The first Mercedes-Maybach concept car is the Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6, a large 2-door coupe with a fully electric drivetrain. The model was unveiled at the 2016 Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance.^[29] The latest concept car is Project MAYBACH, a Mercedes-Maybach S-Class.^[30]

Models[edit]

Pre-war[edit]

• 1919 Maybach W1: Test car based on a DMG chassis
• 1921 Maybach W3: First Maybach, shown at Berlin Motor Show. Featured a 70 hp (52 kW) 5.7L inline six.
• 1926 Maybach W5: 7L inline six, 120 hp (89 kW)
• 1929 Maybach 12: V12 precursor to DS7/8
• 1930 Maybach DSH: Doppel-Sechs-Halbe («half a twelve cylinder») 1930–37
• 1930 Maybach DS7 Zeppelin: 7L V12, 150 hp (112 kW)
• 1931 Maybach W6: Same engine as W5, longer wheelbase. 1931–33
• 1931 Maybach DS8 Zeppelin: 8L V12, 200 hp (150 kW)
• 1934 Maybach W6 DSG: Featuring a twin overdrive transmission system.
• 1935 Maybach SW35: 3.5L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1936 Maybach SW38: 3.8L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1939 Maybach SW42: 4.2L 140 hp (104 kW) I6
• 1945 Maybach JW61: 3.8L 145 hp (108 kW) I6

2 were the 5.7 L inline six engines built for and ordered by Spyker. Not all were purchased, and Karl had to build cars featuring the engines to offset costs.

Around 1800 Maybachs were built before WW II.

Engines[edit]

• Maybach HL120
• Maybach HL116
• Maybach HL210
• Maybach HL230

Post-revival[edit]

• 2002 Maybach 57 and 62
• 2005 Maybach Exelero (prototype shown at the IAA in Frankfurt)
• 2005 Maybach 57S (the S standing for Special rather than Sport)
• 2006 Maybach 62S
• 2007 Maybach 62 Landaulet
• 2009 Maybach 57 and 62 «Zeppelin»
• 2011 Maybach Guard
• 2014 Mercedes-Maybach S600
• 2014 Mercedes-Maybach S400 (Only for China)
• 2015 Mercedes-Maybach S500/S550 (US)
• 2015 Mercedes-Maybach S600 Pullman
• 2016 Mercedes-Maybach S 650 Cabriolet
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S560
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S650
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach S680 (Renamed S650 only for China)
• 2017 Mercedes-Maybach G 650 Landaulet
• 2019 Mercedes-Maybach GLS600
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S480 (Only for China)
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S580
• 2021 Mercedes-Maybach S680

Performance[edit]

The Maybach 57 from 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) in about 5.1 seconds; the Maybach 62 and 57 S, about 4.8 seconds; the Maybach 62 S and the Landaulet in 4.5 seconds. This rapid acceleration is noteworthy for cars weighing well over 6,000 pounds (2.7 metric tons). Maybachs in general are extremely powerful: the 57 has 518 bhp (386 kW; 525 PS); the 57 S, 559 bhp (417 kW; 567 PS); the 62, 570 bhp (425 kW; 578 PS); the 62 S, 612 bhp (456 kW; 620 PS), and the Landaulet, 633 bhp (472 kW; 642 PS).

Features[edit]

Options for the Maybach 62 and 62S included 18-way power rear seats (replacing 14-way), power side and rear sunshade curtains, cooled rear seats, wireless headphones, electrochromic panoramic sunroof with solar panel for vehicle-off ventilation (replacing two choices of power sunroof) and interior partition with power, electrochromic glass divider.^{[citation needed]}

Sales[edit]

Calendar year	US sales
2003[31]	166
2004	244
2005[32]	152
2006	146
2007[33]	156
2008	119
2009[34]	66
2010[35]	63

Daimler announced in November 2020 that it planned to double its Maybach sales, based on strong Chinese demand, where the car is used as a limousine.^[36]

See also[edit]

• List of German cars
• Maybach Foundation
• Maybach I and II, two World War II bunker complexes named after the engines
• Museum for Historical Maybach Vehicles

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Maybach Comes to a Quiet End
• Maybach Manufaktur
• The Maybach Museum (in German)
• A biography of Wilhelm Maybach (in German) (in German)
• Technical information about Maybach engines in the Tiger I tank
• Maybach Foundation
• «Lockers Hold Spare Wheel Of Stream Line Auto», Popular Mechanics, October 1932, a streamlined auto made in co-operation with Junkers engineers, only one built
• Maybach S600 and 900, All About Cars, 2016
• Maybach Brand Review

Maybach-Manufaktur
Тип	Подразделение концерна Daimler AG Mercedes-Benz Cars
Год основания	1909
Упразднена	2012[1]
Причина упразднения	низкие продажи
Основатели	Вильгельм Майбах
Расположение	Германия: Штутгарт
Отрасль	Автомобильная промышленность
Продукция	Седаны класса «люкс»
Материнская компания	Daimler AG
Сайт	maybach-manufaktur.ru

Maybach (произносится: Ма́йбах) — немецкая автомобилестроительная компания, наиболее известна производством роскошных, эксклюзивных и дорогих автомобилей класса «люкс», как представительского класса, так и спортивных авто класса «люкс». В годы второй мировой войны компания Maybach производила двигатели для танков нацистской Германии — Tiger^[2][3][4][5].

В ноябре 2011 года председатель совета директоров концерна Daimler Дитер Цетше заявил, что в 2013 году марка Maybach прекратит своё существование^[6]. В середине августа 2012 года марка была ликвидирована^[7].

История

В 1909 году Вильгельм Майбах основал компанию Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH, которая производила мощные авиационные двигатели для дирижаблей «Цеппелин».

В 1912 году компания переехала в г. Фридрихсхафен, переименована в Motorenbau GmbH.

В 1919 году была создана первая экспериментальная модель автомобиля компании (Maybach W1). В 1921 году представлен первый промышленный образец (Maybach W3).

После Второй мировой войны производство автомобилей было прекращено.

В 1960 году компания была приобретена концерном Daimler.

В 2002 году было возобновлено производство автомобилей представительского класса под маркой Maybach. Первой моделью возрожденного предприятия стала Maybach 57. В 2005 году был выпущен спорткар Maybach Exelero.

В ноябре 2011 года руководство Daimler приняло решение о сворачивании выпуска автомобилей марки Maybach. Причина — не удалось составить достойную конкуренцию в сегменте элитных авто. Проект так и не вышел на уровень самоокупаемости.

В полдень 14 августа 2012 год компания распространяет прайс-лист на 2013 год, в котором напротив всех моделей стоит пометка — «Снято с производства».

Компания сегодня

Расчётная мощность мануфактуры в Зиндельфингене составляет 1000 автомобилей в год. В 2010 году было произведено 210 автомобилей Maybach против 205 машин годом ранее. В 2011 году продажи автомобилей в России выросли — всего продано 16 машин: 13 «удлинённых» версий и 3 «коротких»^[8].

Модельный ряд

Довоенные

• 1919 Maybach W1: Тестовый автомобиль, основанный на шасси Mercedes
• 1921 Maybach W3: Первый Maybach, показанный на автосалоне в Берлине. Оборудован 70-сильным 5,7-литровым рядным шестицилиндровым двигателем
• 1926 Maybach W5
• 1929 Maybach 12
• 1930 Maybach DSH
• 1930 Maybach DS7 Zeppelin
• 1931 Maybach W6
• 1931 Maybach DS8 Zeppelin
• 1934 Maybach W6 DSG
• 1935 Maybach SW35
• 1936 Maybach SW37
• 1939 Maybach SW42
• 1945 Maybach JW61

Послевоенные

Представительский класс:

• с 2002 Maybach 57
• с 2005 Maybach 57 S
• с 2002 Maybach 62
• с 2006 Maybach 62 S
• с 2007 Maybach Landaulet
• с 2009 Maybach Zeppelin

Продажи

Год	Продажи в США
2003[9]	166
2004	244
2005[10]	152
2006	146
2007[11]	156
2008	119
2009[12]	66
2010[13]	63

Фотографии

• 

  Maybach SW 42, 1939 г.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

См. также

	Maybach на Викискладе?

• Maybach Exelero
• Daimler AG
• Mercedes-Benz

Ссылки

• Maybach — Фотогалерея моделей марки Maybach  (рус.)

Примечания

Автомобили Maybach

Довоенные автомобили Maybach Maybach W1 (1919) | Maybach W3 (1921) | Maybach W5 (1926) | Maybach 12 (1929) | Maybach DSH (1930) | Maybach DS7 Zeppelin (1930) | Maybach W6 (1931) | Maybach DS8 Zeppelin (1931) | Maybach W6 DSG (1934) | Maybach SW35 (1935) | Maybach SW38 (1936) | Maybach SW42 (1939) | Maybach JW61 (1945) Послевоенные автомобили Maybach   Класс 2000-е 2010-е 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Представительский 57 62 57S 62S Концепт-кар Exelero Landaulet

Daimler AG
Легковые автомобили	Maybach · Mercedes-Benz · Mercedes-AMG · Smart
Грузовики	BharatBenz · Detroit Diesel · Freightliner · Master Motors · Mercedes-Benz · Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation · Sterling trucks · Western Star
Автобусы	Master Motors · Mercedes-Benz Türk · Orion · Setra/EvoBus · Thomas Built Buses
Фургоны	Mercedes-Benz
Принадлежат	Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation (85%) · Master Motors (80%) · Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (50.1%) · Beijing Benz (50%) · Tognum AG (50.0%) · EADS (22.41%) · КАМАЗ (10%) · Tesla Motors (10%) · Tata Motors (7%)
Партнёры	Bosch • Mobil

Wilhelm Maybach
Wilhelm Maybach in 1900
Born	9 February 1846 Heilbronn, Württemberg, German Confederation
Died	29 December 1929 (aged 83) Stuttgart, Germany
Nationality	German
Occupation(s)	Engineer and industrialist
Known for	Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH

Wilhelm Maybach (German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈmaɪbax] (listen); 9 February 1846 – 29 December 1929) was an early German engine designer and industrialist. During the 1890s he was hailed in France, then the world centre for car production, as the «King of Designers».

From the late 19th century Wilhelm Maybach, together with Gottlieb Daimler, developed light, high-speed internal combustion engines suitable for land, water, and air use. These were fitted to the world’s first motorcycle, motorboat, and after Daimler’s death, a new automobile introduced in late 1902, the Mercedes model, built to the specifications of Emil Jellinek.

Maybach rose to become technical director of the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) but did not get along with its chairmen. As a result, Maybach left DMG in 1907 to found Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH together with his son Karl in 1909; they manufactured Zeppelin engines. After the signing of the Versailles Treaty in 1919 the company started producing large luxury vehicles, branded as «Maybach». He died in 1929 and was succeeded by his son Karl Maybach. From around 1936 Maybach-Motorenbau designed and made almost all the engines fitted in German tanks and half-tracks used during World War 2, including those for the Panther, Tiger I and Tiger II heavy tanks.

Continuing after the war, Maybach Motorenbau remained a subsidiary of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin, making diesel engines. During the 1960s Maybach came under the control of Daimler-Benz and was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen.

In 2002 the Maybach brand name was revived for a luxury make but it was not successful. On 25 November 2011 Daimler-Benz announced they would cease producing automobiles under the Maybach brand name in 2013.^[1]
In 2014, Daimler announced production of an ultra-luxury edition of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class under the new Mercedes-Maybach brand.^[2]

Early life and career beginnings (1846 to 1869)[edit]

Wilhelm Maybach was born in Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, in 1846, the son of a carpenter and his wife Luise. He had four brothers. When he was eight years old the family moved from Löwenstein near Heilbronn to Stuttgart. His mother died in 1856 and his father in 1859.

After his relatives published an announcement in the Stuttgarter Anzeiger newspaper, a philanthropic institution at Reutlingen took in Maybach as a student. Its founder and director, Gustav Werner, discovered Maybach’s technical inclination and helped to stimulate his career by sending him to the school’s engineering workshop. At 15 years old (1861), Maybach was heading for a career in Industrial design and took extra classes in physics and mathematics at Reutlingen’s public high school.

By the time he was 19 years old, he was a qualified designer working on stationary engines. His workshop manager, Gottlieb Daimler, then 29, noticed his efforts and took him on as his main assistant, a post he held until Daimler’s death in 1900.

Daimler and Otto’s four-stroke engine (1869 to 1880)[edit]

In 1869, Maybach followed Daimler to Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe AG in Karlsruhe, a manufacturer of heavy locomotives. Daimler was on the Executive Committee and they spent long nights discussing new designs for engines, pumps, lumber machinery, and metalworking.

In 1872, Daimler moved to Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik in Cologne, then the world’s largest manufacturer of stationary gas engines. Nicolaus Otto, part owner of the company, focused on engine development with Daimler. Maybach joined them as Chief Designer.

In 1876, Nicolaus Otto patented the Otto cycle engine. It was a four-stroke cycle gas internal combustion engine with intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. One of Otto’s more than 25 patents on this engine was later challenged and overturned, allowing Daimler and Maybach to produce their high-speed engine.^{[clarification needed]}

Also in 1876, Maybach was sent to show Deutz’s engines at the Philadelphia World’s Fair (USA). On returning to Cologne in 1877, he concentrated on improving the four-stroke design to prepare it for its impending commercial launch.

In 1878, Maybach married Bertha Wilhelmine Habermaas, a friend of Daimler’s wife, Emma Kunz. Her family members were landowners who ran the post office in Maulbronn. On 6 July 1879 Karl Maybach was born, the first of their three children.

In 1880, Daimler and Otto had serious disagreements, resulting in Daimler’s leaving Deutz-AG. Daimler received 112,000 goldmarks in Deutz-AG shares as compensation for patents granted to him and Maybach. Maybach also left shortly afterwards, and followed his friend to found a new company in Cannstatt.

Daimler Motors: fast and small engines (1882)[edit]

In 1882, Maybach moved to Taubenheimstrasse in Cannstatt, Stuttgart, where Daimler had purchased a house with 75,000 goldmarks from his Deutz compensation. They added a brick extension to the glass-fronted summer house in the garden, which became their workshop.

Their activities alarmed the neighbours, who suspected they were engaged in counterfeiting. The police raided the property in their absence using the gardener’s key, but found only engines.

The Daimler engine[edit]

In late 1883, Daimler and Maybach patented the first of their engines fueled by Ligroin. This engine was patented on 16 December 1883. It achieved Daimler’s goal of being small and running fast enough to be useful at 750 rpm (soon after up to 900). Daimler had three engines built in 1884. Maybach persuaded him to put one in a vehicle, the result being the Reitwagen.^{[3][self-published source][4]}

In 1884, Maybach’s second son Adolf was born.

The «Grandfather Clock engine» (1885)[edit]

By the end of 1885, Maybach and Daimler developed the first of their engines, which is regarded as a precursor to all modern petrol engines. It featured:

• single vertical cylinder
• air cooling
• large cast-iron flywheel
• revolutionary hot tube ignition (Patent 28022)
• exhaust valve controlled by a camshaft allowing high speeds
• a speed of 600 rpm, when at the time most engines could only achieve about 120 to 180 rpm.

In 1885, they created the first carburetor, which mixed evaporated gasoline with air to allow its efficient use as fuel. It was used that year on a larger but still compact version of the engine, now with a vertical cylinder, that featured:

• 1 Horsepower at 600 rpm output
• 100 cc engine displacement
• non cooled insulated cylinder with unregulated hot-tube ignition (patent DRP-28-022)

Daimler baptized it the Standuhr (lit. «grandfather clock»), because of its resemblance to a pendulum clock.

In November 1885, Daimler installed a smaller version of the engine onto a wooden bicycle, creating the first motorcycle (patent 36-423 – Vehicle with gas or petroleum engine), and Maybach drove it three kilometers from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim, reaching 12 km/h (7.5 mph). It became known as the Reitwagen.

On 8 March 1886, the inventors bought an American model coach built by Wilhelm Wimpff & Sohn, telling the neighbors that it was a birthday gift for Mrs. Daimler. Maybach supervised the installation of an enlarged 1.5 hp Grandfather Clock engine onto the coach, and installed a belt drive to the wheels. The vehicle reached 15 km/h (9.3 mph) when tested on the road to Untertürkheim.^[5]

Maybach and Daimler went on to prove the engine in many other ways, including:

• On water (1887). It was mounted in a 4.5-metre-long boat which achieved 6 knots (11 km/h). The boat was called the Neckar after the river it was tested on and was registered as patent number DRP 39-367. Motor boat engines would become their main product until the first decade of the 1900s.
• More road vehicles, including street cars
• In the air. They built the first motorized airship, a balloon based on designs by Dr. Friedrich Hermann Wölfert from Leipzig. They replaced his hand-operated drive system and flew over Seelberg successfully on 10 August 1888.

By 1887 they were licensing their first patents abroad, and Maybach represented the company at the great Paris Exposition Universelle (1889).

First Daimler-Maybach automobile built (1889)[edit]

Steel Wheel Automobile 1889

· high speed four-stroke petrol engine

· fuel vaporization

· 2 cylinders V-configured

· mushroom shaped valves

· water-cooled

· 4-speed toothed gearbox

· pioneer axle-pivot steering system

Sales increased, mostly from the Neckar motorboat. In June 1887, Daimler bought land in the Seelberg Hills of Cannstatt. The workshop was some distance from the town on Ludwig Route 67, because Cannstatt’s mayor objected to the presence of the workshop in the town. It covered 2,903 square meters and cost 30,200 goldmarks. They initially employed 23 people. Daimler managed the commercial issues and Maybach the design department.

In 1889 they built their first automobile to be designed from scratch rather than as an adaptation of a stagecoach. It was publicly launched by both inventors in Paris in October 1889.

Daimler’s engine licenses began to be taken up throughout the world, starting the modern car industry in:

• France, 1890, Panhard & Levassor and Peugeot
• United Kingdom, 1896, The Daimler Motor Company of Coventry
• United States of America, 1891, Steinway
• Austro-Daimler in Austria, starting in 1899

Daimler’s «pact with the devil», DMG, and the Phoenix engine (1890 to 1900)[edit]

Resources were scant to keep the business going, as neither the engine sales nor the worldwide proceeds from their patents were yielding enough money. Fresh capital was injected by bringing in the financiers Max von Duttenhofer and William Lorenz, former munitions makers, who were associated with Kilian von Steiner, the owner of a German investment bank. The company was taken public.

In 1890, Daimler and Maybach together founded the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, the Daimler Motor Corporation or DMG for short, which was dedicated to the construction of small high-speed internal combustion engines for land, water, or air transport. Maybach was Chief Designer. After spending long hours debating which fuel was best to use in Otto’s four-stroke engine, which had normally used methane gas as a fuel, they turned to petroleum which until then had been used mainly as a cleaner and sold in pharmacies.

The company’s re-foundation took place on 28 November 1890. This has been regarded as a «pact with the devil» by some German historians,^[6]
as the following decade was chaotic for Daimler and Maybach. DMG continued to expand, selling engines from Moscow to New York, and additional stationary engine-making capacity was added, but the belief continued that automobile production would not be profitable. The new chairmen planned to merge DMG and Deutz-AG, in spite of Daimler’s disagreement with Nicolaus Otto.

Gottlieb Daimler and Chief Engineer Maybach preferred to produce automobiles and reacted against Duttenhofer and Lorenz in particular. Maybach was rejected as a member of the Board of Management and left the company on 11 February 1891, and continued his design work from his own house, financed by Daimler. In late 1892, he set up a shop in the ballroom of the former Hermann Hotel and Winter Garden where he employed 17 workers, five of which were paid by Daimler.

In 1894 Maybach designed his third engine model, together with Daimler and his son Paul. Used in the Phoenix, it gained worldwide attention, pioneering the use of four cylinders in the automobile and featuring:

• single block casting of cylinders, arranged vertically and parallel to each other
• camshaft controlled exhaust valves
• spray-nozzle carburetor (patented by Maybach in 1893)
• improved belt drive

Maybach’s creations are considered among the finest motors of the late 19th century. His inventions became indispensable for any model by any automaker in the world. He became recognised as the backbone of France’s early automobile industry, where he was hailed as the «King of Designers».

Daimler was forced out of his post as Technical Director at DMG and resigned in 1893, which damaged DMG’s prestige. However, in 1894, a British industrialist, Frederick Simms, purchased the rights to the Phoenix engine for 350,000 marks and stabilised the company’s finances. He also made it a condition that Daimler be re-employed. In 1895 DMG assembled its 1,000th engine, and Maybach also returned as Chief Engineer, obtaining 30,000 goldmarks worth of shares through his original contract with Gottlieb Daimler.

Maybach patented more automobile inventions, including:

• a revolutionary cooling system, tubular radiator with fan
• the honeycomb radiator^[7]

Around this time though Maybach suffered two setbacks. His teenage second son, Adolf, suffered a schizophrenia attack and spent the rest of his life in various mental institutions. (In 1940, his son was murdered by the Nazis as part of the Euthanasia Program.) In 1900, Gottlieb Daimler died of heart disease.

Daimler-Mercedes engine of 1900[edit]

Mercedes 35 hp (1902)

· Large wheelbase. Wide track

· Pressed steel framework. Lightweight metals

· Low center of gravity (lower engine)

· 75 km/h (45 mph). 35 hp (950 rpm)  · 300 to 1000 rpm (driver controlled)

· Light and high-performance engine: 4 in-line cylinders  · Bore/stroke ratio: 116×140 mm  · Displacement: 5918 cc  · Cylinder heads part of the castings  · Two carburetors, one for each cylinder pair  · Driver controlled intake valve throttling  · Two camshafts

· 4-forward/1-reverse transmission

· Low voltage ignition magnetos

· Aluminium crankcase (pioneer), horizontally divided

· Honeycomb radiator

· Comfortable ride

Between April and October 1900, Maybach designed a completely new kind of car inspired by racing which would be called the Mercedes 35 hp when released in 1902. It featured:

• long wheelbase
• wide track
• low height
• unheard-of power from its 35 hp engine allowing it to reach 75 km/h (47 mph).

Emil Jellinek, a successful Austrian dealer and racing driver on the French Riviera who greatly admired Maybach’s work, promised to buy a shipment of 36 automobiles for 550,000 goldmarks if Maybach could design a great race car for him following his specifications.

The prototype was finished in December 1900 and, in 1901 went on to have a string of racing successes. Its engine was baptized Daimler-Mercedes (Spanish for mercy) after Mercedes Jellinek, Emil’s 10-year–old daughter. European high society bought the car in large numbers making it the commercial success that convinced the company directors there was a future in automobiles. Production increased greatly and DMG rapidly increased in size and number of employees. DMG officially registered the Mercedes trademark in June 1902.

In 1902, a fire destroyed DMG’s Cannstatt facilities and the company moved to Stuttgart-Untertürkheim. Maybach continued with his innovations:

• a 6-cylinder/70 hp engine (1903–04)
• a pioneer aircraft engine: a high speed racing engine of 120 hp, with overhead inlet and exhaust valves and double ignition (1906)

DMG demoted him to an «Inventor’s Office» causing him to leave the company again in 1907. DMG replaced him with Paul Daimler. That same year, the German Engineers Association (VDI) recognized Wilhelm Maybach as an honorary member.

Zeppelin engines (1908)[edit]

In 1900, Maybach had had his first contact with Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin who sought to improve the engines of the Zeppelin LZ1 airship. Maybach built some engines for him based on sketches of a 150 hp unit created by his son, Karl, while at DMG.

In 1908, Count Zeppelin attempted to sell his models LZ3 and LZ4 to the government. On 5 August, LZ4 exploded against a row of trees after attempting an emergency landing when its engines failed. This was far from being the end for the airship project as 6.25 million goldmarks were raised in a donation campaign after the accident. Count Zeppelin founded the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH, the company that built the Zeppelin airships.

Maybach had to hold off joining the new company for a while as he was still in litigation with DMG, so Karl took his place. On 23 March 1909, a deal was finally signed, creating an engine subsidiary to Luftschiffbau Zeppelin at Bissingen/Enz, in Württemberg. Wilhelm Maybach was Technical Assistant and Karl was Technical Manager. Their first designs reached 72 km/h (45 mph).

Wilhelm Maybach moved his company to Friedrichshafen and renamed it Luftfahrzeug-Motoren-GmbH. Karl and Wilhem held 20% of the shares with an arrangement for Karl to inherit. They kept supplying Zeppelin, but worked on other airship engines too. In 1912, the company adopted the name Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Construction Company). In 1916, they developed a 160 hp aircraft engine which sold 2000 units before the end of World War I. In 1916, Wilhelm Maybach was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the Technical University of Stuttgart.

Maybach automobiles (1922–1945)[edit]

After the First World War, the Versailles Treaty of 1919 prohibited airship production in Germany, so Maybach turned to making high-speed diesel engines for naval and railroad use, and petrol engines for automobiles, but not complete automobiles.

Many of the small automakers in Germany built their own engines for cost reasons and only the Dutch Spyker company was interested in taking Maybach engines. Wilhelm Maybach turned down the contract because he could not agree to its conditions. Instead, he opted to build complete automobiles and the factory began to produce Maybach limousines in 1921.

The first model, the Maybach W3, was shown at the 1921 Automobile Exposition in Berlin and featured

• 6-cylinder engine
• 4-wheel brakes
• new transmission system
• maximum speed of 105 km/h (65 mph)

It was produced until 1928, selling 300 units, mostly with sedan bodies; the two-seat sport version was less successful. The Maybach W5 followed, with the top speed increased to 135 km/h (84 mph); 250 units sold in 1927 and 1929.

Next Maybach produced the V12 car:

• the first 12-cylinder German automobile
• lightweight aluminium engine based on his airship work
• light alloy pistons
• 7-litre capacity
• high torque and power – 150 hp (110 kW) at 2,800 rpm

Only a few dozen were sold due to the German postwar economic crisis. In 1930, its successor, the DS7-Zeppelin, also featured a 12-cylinder engine of 7 liters.

In August 1929, the Zeppelin LZ-127 used five Maybach-V12 petrol engines of 550 hp (410 kW) each.

Neither Wilhelm nor Karl owned a Maybach automobile.^[8] Wilhelm never even owned a car. «He, who created the basics for the modern automobilism, rarely utilized a car for his personal purposes. He walked or took the tram. Although he could have afforded one, he did not own a car.»^[9]

Wilhelm Maybach died at the age of 83 in Stuttgart on 29 December 1929.

Maybach Motorenbau GmbH[edit]

His business, Maybach Motorenbau GmbH, continued in Friedrichshafen under his son Karl Maybach. From around 1935 Maybach made and designed almost all the engines for tanks and half-tracks used by the German armed forces during World War 2. After 1945 it manufactured a full range of diesel engines. In the early 1960s Maybach began to construct large Daimler-Benz engines in Friedrichshafen under a licence agreement^[10] and entered close collaboration with Daimler-Benz.^[11]

During the mid 1960s Maybach Motorenbau GmbH became Maybach Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau GmbH and 83 percent owned by Daimler-Benz.^[12]

In 1998 Mercedes-Benz announced what would prove to be a temporary revival of the Maybach brand for automobiles.^[13] Daimler AG currently produces an ultra luxury edition of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class under the Mercedes-Maybach brand.^[14]

Legacy[edit]

• Wilhelm Maybach was accepted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1996.
• Three technical Schools in Germany are named Wilhelm Maybach: Stuttgart, Heilbronn, and Berlin-Spandau.
• In 2002, Daimler AG began to produce models under the Maybach name.
• In 2005, in honor of his grandfather Karl and his great-grandfather Wilhelm, Ulrich Schmid-Maybach founded the Wilhelm and Karl Maybach Foundation.^[15]

See also[edit]

• Mercedes Simplex
• Mercedes-Benz
• German inventors and discoverers

Notes[edit]

External links[edit]

• Maybach Manufaktur
• A biography of Wilhelm Maybach (in German)
• Maybach UK Site
• Maybach Foundation

Bibliography[edit]

• Kirchberg, Peter; Wächtler, Eberhard (1981). Carl Benz Gottlieb Daimler Wilhelm Maybach. Biographien hevorragender Naturwissenschaftler, Techniker und Mediziner series, Vol 52 (in German) (2nd ed.). Wiesbaden: Vieweg Verlag. ISBN 9783322822185.
• Niemann, Harry: Mythos Maybach, 4. Aufl., Stuttgart 2002
• Niemann, Harry: Maybach – der Vater des Mercedes, 3. Aufl., Stuttgart 2000
• Niemann, Harry: Wilhelm Maybach – König der Konstrukteure, 1. Aufl., Stuttgart 1995
• Rathke, Kurt: Wilhelm Maybach – Anbruch eines neuen Zeitalters, 1. Aufl., Friedrichshafen 1953
• Rauck, Max J.: Wilhelm Maybach: der grosse Automobilkonstrukteur. Baar 1979.
• Dokumentarfilm im Auftrag der Mercedes-Benz AG 1995: Wilhelm Maybach – König der Konstrukteure