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См. также в других словарях:

• National geographic —  National Geographic The National Geographic Magazine Pays …   Wikipédia en Français

• National Geographic — National Geographic: National Geographic Society  Национальное географическое общество National Geographic Channel  телеканал National Geographic s International Edition  издательство National Geographic  журнал National… …   Википедия

• National Geographic —   [ næʃnl dʒɪə græfɪk], geographische Publikumszeitschrift, gegründet 1888 unter dem Namen National Geographic Magazine als Monatsblatt in Washington (D. C.), Organ der amerikanischen geographischen Gesellschaft »National Geographic Society«… …   Universal-Lexikon

• National Geographic — [National Geographic] a US magazine published each month by the National Geographic Society. It is famous for its beautiful photographs and maps as well as its articles about different countries, societies and animals. US readers must join the… …   Useful english dictionary

• National Geographic — National Ge|o|graph|ic, The a US monthly magazine, which is produced by the National Geographic Societyand has photographs, maps, and interesting articles about nature, wild animals, and people from different ↑cultures all over the world …   Dictionary of contemporary English

• National Geographic — Ausgabe des Magazins vom Januar 1915 Logo von National Geographic Deutschland …   Deutsch Wikipedia

• National Geographic —  Ne doit pas être confondu avec National Geographic Channel. National Geographic The National Geographic Magazine …   Wikipédia en Français

• National Geographic — a US magazine published each month by the National Geographic Society. It has about 9 million readers and is famous for its beautiful photographs and maps as well as its articles about different countries, societies and animals. US readers must… …   Universalium

• National Geographic (magazine) — National Geographic March 2009 cover of National Geographic Editor Chris Johns Categories Geography, Science, History, Nature Frequency Monthly …   Wikipedia

• National Geographic Channel (Australia) — National Geographic Channel National Geographic Channel logo Launched 1 September 1997[1]October 1997 Owned by …   Wikipedia

• National Geographic Society — Fundación Washington …   Wikipedia Español

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Neo Geo, video game hardware brand from SNK.

March 2017 cover of National Geographic
Editor	Nathan Lump[1]
Categories	Geography, history, nature, science, world culture
Frequency	Monthly
Total circulation (June 2016)	6.1 million (global)[2]
Founded	January 13, 1888; 135 years ago[3]
First issue	September 22, 1888; 134 years ago[4]
Company	NG Media (National Geographic Partners/ Disney Publishing Worldwide)
Country	United States
Based in	Washington, D.C.[5]
Language	English and various other languages
Website	www.nationalgeographic.com
ISSN	0027-9358
OCLC	643483454

National Geographic (formerly the National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is a popular American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners. Known for its photojournalism, it is one of the most widely read magazines of all time.

The magazine was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine months after the establishment of the society, but is now a popular magazine. In 1905, it began including pictures, a style for which it became well-known. Its first color photos appeared in the 1910s. During the Cold War, the magazine committed itself to present a balanced view of the physical and human geography of countries beyond the Iron Curtain. Later, the magazine became outspoken on environmental issues. Since 2019, controlling interest has been held by The Walt Disney Company.

Topics of features generally concern geography, history, nature, science, and world culture. The magazine is well known for its distinctive appearance: a thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border. Map supplements from National Geographic Maps are included with subscriptions. It is available in a traditional printed edition and an interactive online edition.

As of 1995, the magazine was circulated worldwide in nearly 40 local-language editions and had a global circulation of at least 6.5 million per month (down from about 12 million in the late 1980s), including 3.5 million within the U.S.^[6][7] As of October 2022, its Instagram page has 243 million followers, the most of any account not belonging to an individual celebrity.^[8] As of 2015, the magazine had won 25 National Magazine Awards.^[9]

History[edit]

The first issue of the National Geographic Magazine was published on September 22, 1888, nine months after the Society was founded. It was initially a scholarly journal sent to 165 charter members; currently, it reaches the hands of 40 million people each month.^[10] Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–01, the magazine from being a text-oriented publication to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known for this style. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to be 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, became one of the magazine’s most recognizable images.^{[citation needed]}

National Geographic Kids, the children’s version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name National Geographic World.

In the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing The Complete National Geographic, an electronic compendium of every past issue of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a collective work in Greenberg v. National Geographic and other cases, and temporarily withdrew the compilation. The magazine eventually prevailed in the dispute, and in July 2009 resumed publishing all past issues through December 2008. More recent issues were later added to the collection; the archive and electronic edition of the magazine are available online to the magazine’s subscribers.^{[citation needed]}

In September 2015, the National Geographic Society moved the magazine to National Geographic Partners, in which 21st Century Fox held a 73% controlling interest.^[11] In December 2017, a deal was announced for Disney to acquire 21st Century Fox, including the interest in National Geographic Partners.^[12] The acquisition was completed in March 2019.^[13] NG Media publishing unit was operationally transferred into Disney Publishing Worldwide.^[14]

Administration[edit]

Editors-in-chief[edit]

The magazine had a single «editor» from 1888 to 1920. From 1920 to 1967, the chief editorship was held by the president of the National Geographic Society. Since 1967, the magazine has been overseen by its own «editor» and/or «editor-in-chief». The list of editors-in-chief includes three generations of the Grosvenor family between 1903 and 1980.

• John Hyde: (October 1888 – September 1900; Editor-in-Chief: September 1900 – February 1903)^{[citation needed]}
• Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875–1966): (Editor-in-Chief: February 1903 – January 1920; Managing Editor: September 1900 – February 1903; Assistant Editor: May 1899 – September 1900)
• Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor: (1920–1954) (president of the society and editor-in-chief at the same time)
• John Oliver La Gorce (1879–1959): (May 1954 – January 1957) (president of the society at the same time)
• Melville Bell Grosvenor (1901–1982): (January 1957 – August 1967) (president of the society at the same time) (thereafter editor-in-chief to 1977)
• Frederick Vosburgh (1905–2005): (August 1967 – October 1970)
• Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (born 1931): (October 1970 – July 1980) (then became president of the society)
• Wilbur E. Garrett: (July 1980 – April 1990)
• William Graves: (April 1990 – December 1994)
• William L. Allen: (January 1995 – January 2005)
• Chris Johns: (January 2005 – April 2014) (first «editor-in-chief» since MBG)
• Susan Goldberg: (April 2014 – April 2022)^[1][15][16]
• Nathan Lump: (May 2022 – present)^[17]

Articles[edit]

During the Cold War, the magazine committed itself to present a balanced view of the physical and human geography of countries beyond the Iron Curtain. The magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria, the Soviet Union, and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Space Race, National Geographic focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race’s connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were also many articles in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s about the individual states and their resources, along with supplementary maps of each state. Many of these articles were written by longtime staff such as Frederick Simpich.^[18] There were also articles about biology and science topics.^{[citation needed]}

In later years,^[when?] articles became outspoken on issues such as environmental issues, deforestation, chemical pollution, global warming, and endangered species.^{[citation needed]} Series of articles were included focusing on the history and varied uses of specific products such as a single metal, gem, food crop, or agricultural product, or an archaeological discovery. Occasionally an entire month’s issue would be devoted to a single country, past civilization, a natural resource whose future is endangered, or other themes. In recent decades, the National Geographic Society has unveiled other magazines with different focuses. Whereas the magazine featured lengthy expositions in the past, recent issues have shorter articles.^{[citation needed]}

Photography[edit]

In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that the significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered the many illustrations an indicator of an “unscientific” conception of geography. By 1910, photographs had become the magazine’s trademark and Grosvenor was constantly on the search for «dynamical pictures» as Graham Bell called them, particularly those that provided a sense of motion in a still image. In 1915, GHG began building the group of staff photographers and providing them with advanced tools including the latest darkroom.^[19]

The magazine began to feature some pages of color photography in the early 1930s, when this technology was still in its early development. During the mid-1930s, Luis Marden (1913–2003), a writer and photographer for National Geographic, convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called «miniature» 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods.^[20] In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years, the cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full page photograph taken for one of the month’s articles. Issues of National Geographic are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world.^[21] In 2006, National Geographic began an international photography competition, with over eighteen countries participating.^[22]

In conservative Muslim countries like Iran and Malaysia, photographs featuring topless or scantily clad members of primitive tribal societies are often blacked out; buyers and subscribers often complain that this practice decreases the artistic value of the photographs for which National Geographic is known.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery[edit]

This section needs expansion with: needing more photographs from the National Geographic Magazine. You can help by adding to it. (talk) (March 2022)

• 

  Traditional butter making in Palestine (National Geographic Magazine March 1914)

• 

  Spanish Gypsy (National Geographic Magazine March 1917)

• 

  Kathmandu Market (National Geographic Magazine October 1920)

Map supplements[edit]

Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides maps of the regions visited.^{[citation needed]}

National Geographic Maps (originally the Cartographic Division) became a division of the National Geographic Society in 1915. The first supplement map, which appeared in the May 1918 issue of the magazine, titled The Western Theatre of War, served as a reference for overseas military personnel and soldiers’ families alike.^[23] On some occasions, the Society’s map archives have been used by the United States government in instances where its own cartographic resources were limited.^[24] President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s White House map room was filled with National Geographic maps. A National Geographic map of Europe is featured in the displays of the Winston Churchill museum in London showing Churchill’s markings at the Yalta Conference where the Allied leaders divided post-war Europe.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001, National Geographic released an eight-CD-ROM set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000. Printed versions are also available from the National Geographic website.^[25]

Language editions[edit]

In April 1995, National Geographic began publishing in Japanese, its first local language edition.^[26] The magazine is currently published in 29 local editions around the world.^[27]

^{[citation needed]}

The following local-language editions have been discontinued:

^{[citation needed]}

In association with Trends Publications in Beijing and IDG Asia, National Geographic has been authorized for «copyright cooperation» in China to publish the yellow-border magazine, which launched with the July 2007 issue of the magazine with an event in Beijing on July 10, 2007, and another event on December 6, 2007, in Beijing also celebrating the 29th anniversary of normalization of U.S.–China relations featuring former President Jimmy Carter. The mainland China version is one of the two local-language editions that bump the National Geographic logo off its header in favor of a local-language logo; the other one is the Persian version published under the name Gita Nama.^{[citation needed]}

Worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in addition to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Turkey and Ukraine National Geographic paved the way for a subscription model in addition to traditional newsstand sales.^{[citation needed]}In the United States, newsstand sales began in 1998; previously, membership in the National Geographic Society was the only way to receive the magazine.^{[citation needed]}

Awards[edit]

On May 1, 2008, National Geographic won three National Magazine Awards—an award solely for its written content—in the reporting category for an article by Peter Hessler on the Chinese economy; an award in the photojournalism category for work by John Stanmeyer on malaria in the Third World; and a prestigious award for general excellence.^[29]

Between 1980 and 2011 the magazine has won a total of 24 National Magazine Awards.^[30]

In May 2006, 2007, and 2011 National Geographic magazine won the American Society of Magazine Editors’ General Excellence Award in the over two million circulation category. In 2010, National Geographic Magazine received the top ASME awards for photojournalism and essay. In 2011, National Geographic Magazine received the top-award from ASME—the Magazine of the Year Award.

In April 2014, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award («Ellie») for best tablet edition for its multimedia presentation of Robert Draper’s story «The Last Chase,» about the final days of a tornado researcher who was killed in the line of duty.^[31]

In February 2017, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award («Ellie») for best website.^[32] National Geographic won the 2020 Webby Award for News & Magazines in the category Apps, Mobile & Voice.^[33] National Geographic won the 2020 Webby Award and Webby People’s Voice Award for Magazine in the category Web.^[33]

Controversies[edit]

On the magazine’s February 1982 cover, the pyramids of Giza were altered, resulting in the first major scandal of the digital photography age and contributing to photography’s «waning credibility».^[34]

The cover of the October 1988 issue featured a photo of a large ivory male portrait whose authenticity, particularly the alleged Ice Age provenance, has been questioned.^[35]

In 1999, the magazine was embroiled in the Archaeoraptor scandal, in which it purported to have a fossil linking birds to dinosaurs. The fossil was a forgery.^[36]

In 2010, the magazine’s Your Shot competition was awarded to American filmmaker and photographer William Lascelles for a photograph presented as a portrait of a dog with fighter jets flying over its shoulder. Will Lascelles had, in reality, created the image using photo editing software.^[37]

In March 2018, the editor of National Geographic, Susan Goldberg, said that historically the magazine’s coverage of people around the world had been racist. Goldberg stated that the magazine ignored non-white Americans and showed different groups as exotic, thereby promoting racial clichés.^[38]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Robert M. Poole, Explorers House: National Geographic and the World it Made, 2004; reprint, Penguin Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-14-303593-0
• Stephanie L. Hawkins, American Iconographic: «National Geographic,» Global Culture, and the Visual Imagination, University of Virginia Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8139-2966-8, 264 pages. A scholarly study of the magazine’s rise as a cultural institution that uses the letters of its founders and its readers; argues that National Geographic encouraged readers to question Western values and identify with others.
• Moseley, W.G. 2005. “Reflecting on National Geographic Magazine and Academic Geography: The September 2005 Special Issue on Africa” African Geographical Review. 24: 93–100.

External links[edit]

• Official website
• All the magazine’s covers published since 1888 until the year 2000
• Archived National Geographic magazines on the Internet Archive

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National Geographic Channel (Nat Geo, канал National Geographic) — американская телевизионная сеть, транслирующая научно-популярные фильмы производства Национального географического общества США. Канал транслирует документальные фильмы, основное содержание которых чаще всего имеет отношение к науке, природе, культуре, истории и открытиях^[1][2].

Сегодня сигнал телеканала доступен в 171 стране мира на 38 языках, в том числе круглосуточно на русском. Общая аудитория телеканала по всему миру — 440 миллионов домохозяйств.

Абонентская база канала в России — 12 млн абонентов. Канал также доступен в формате высокой чёткости HD.

Официальным дистрибьютором телеканала на территории России и стран СНГ являлась компания «Телко Медиа»^[3][4]. На фоне вторжения России на Украину, в середине апреля 2022 года National Geographic приостановил работу в России, также прекратилось издание печатной версии^[5]. С 1 октября 2022 года правообладатель отозвал ТВ-контент National Geographic с российского рынка^[6].

История

В сентябре 1997 года, National Geographic Channel начал трансляцию на территории Великобритании, в Европе (кроме ФРГ) и Австралии^[7]. В июле 1998 года, National Geographic Channel пришёл в Азию, в сети оператора Star TV заменив NBC Asia Channel. То же самое произошло с кончиной NBC в Европе, в 1998 году. Сегодня канал доступен более чем в 143 странах, для более чем в 160 миллионов домов и на 38 языках.

В США National Geographic Channel появился в январе 2001 года, и является совместным предприятием Национального географического общества и Fox Entertainment Group^[8][9]. 1 ноября 2004 года начата трансляция телеканала в Германии. В Канаде канал принадлежит Canwest и каналу США, в то время как европейские версии работают в партнёрстве с дочерней компанией Fox, British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB), которая была продана Fox в 2007 году.

В Австралии, National Geographic Channel осуществляется через Foxtel, Optus, Austar, Neighbourhood Cable, TransTV, и SelecTV. Австралийская версия включает в себя местных ведущих, рекламные материалы и определённые программы.

В Новой Зеландии National Geographic Channel транслируется на SKY Network Television и TelstraClear InHomeTV.

В Южной Африке канал осуществляется с помощью цифрового спутникового телевидения (также известный как DStv) является многоканальным службы цифрового спутникового телевидения в Африке.

В России вещание канала осуществляется через дочернее предприятие ООО «NatGeo Russia».

На Ближнем Востоке вещание идет на арабском языке из Абу-Даби.

В 2016 году, после ребрендинга, канал был переименован в National Geographic.

В 2017 году, после исторической сделки в более чем $52 млрд, компания The Walt Disney Company объявила о покупке большей части 21st Century Fox. После этого Disney получил долю FOX в партнерстве National Geographic^[10][11].

Доступность в разных странах

Список стран неполон

• Азербайджан — Life TV
• Австралия — Foxtel, Optus, Austar, Neighbourhood Cable, TransTV, SelecTV
• Ближний Восток — Fox International Channels, Abu Dhabi Media Company
• Бразилия — NET, Vivo TV
• Великобритания — British Sky Broadcasting, Sky Digital, TalkTalk TV
• Германия — Cablecom, Unitymedia, Kabel BW, Kabel Deutschland, KabelKiosk, Telesystem, Vodafone
• Ирландия — Sky Digital, UPC, Magnet Networks, SCTV
• Исландия — Skjarin
• Казахстан — Алма-ТВ, Digital TV, ICON (кабельное вещание), OTAU TV (спутниковое вещание), iD TV (IPTV).
• Молдавия — Sun-TV (Orange), Moldtelecom, StarNet
• Новая Зеландия — SKY Network Television, TelstraClear InHomeTV.
• Румыния
• США — Fox Networks
• Узбекистан — StarsTV, UzDigitalTV
• Украина — Viasat-Украина, XtraTV, Воля-Кабель, OLL.TV, Megogo
• Южная Африка — MultiChoice’s

Слоганы

В разное время каналом использовались следующие слоганы:

• Переосмыслите (англ. Think again);
• Осмельтесь изучать (англ. Dare to Explore);
• Будьте любопытными (англ. Live Curious).

Другие каналы National Geographic

National Geographic Channel HD

Основная статья: National Geographic Channel HD

National Geographic Channel HD — телеканал, представляющий собой HD версию телеканала National Geographic Channel. Трансляция была начата в 2006 году в формате 720p, но позже телеканал был переведён на Full HD (1080p). Трансляция ведётся в США, Канаде, Австралии, Польше, в странах Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона, Азербайджане, Словакии, Чехии, Румынии, Латинской Америке, Украине и ФРГ.

Nat Geo Music

Основная статья: Nat Geo Music

Nat Geo Music — телеканал транслирующий документальные фильмы о музыке и культуре. Транслируется в Италии и Португалии, с марта 2010 года в Белоруссии^[12], в скором времени планируется организация вещания канала и в других странах.

Nat Geo Junior

Основная статья: Nat Geo Junior

Nat Geo Junior — телеканал рассчитанный на детскую аудиторию. Транслируется в Нидерландах, Бельгии, Индии и некоторых странах Азии.

Adventure

Основная статья: National Geographic Adventure

National Geographic Adventure (ранее A1) — телеканал рассчитанный на молодёжную аудиторию. Трансляция ведётся более чем в сорока странах Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона, Европы, Ближнего Востока и Австралии.

Nat Geo Wild

Nat Geo Wild — телеканал, ориентированный на телепередачи о дикой природе. Транслируется в Сингапуре, Великобритании, Франции, Италии, Ирландии, Индии, Турции, Румынии, Украине, Венгрии, Латинской Америке, Австралии, Белоруссии, Казахстане. С марта 2010 года планируется наладить трансляцию в США. Позднее телеканал будет транслироваться и в других странах.

National Geographic Abu Dhabi

Основная статья: National Geographic Abu Dhabi

National Geographic Abu Dhabi — телеканал, вещающий на арабском и английском языках на территории Ближнего Востока. Транслируется в Саудовской Аравии, ОАЭ, Омане, Кувейте, Катаре, Бахрейн и т. д..

Программы

Награды и премии

Документальные фильмы производства National Geographic завоевали более 700 различных международных наград и премий.

Примечания

Ссылки

• National Geographic Channel в России Архивная копия от 16 октября 2012 на Wayback Machine
• Страница канала National Geographic Channel Архивная копия от 7 июня 2019 на Wayback Machine на сайте компании «Медиа-Телеком»

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