Как пишется пиррова победа

Как правильно пишется словосочетание «пиррова победа»

пи́ррова побе́да

пи́ррова побе́да, пи́рровой побе́ды

Источник: Орфографический
академический ресурс «Академос» Института русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова РАН (словарная база
2020)

Русский

Тип и синтаксические свойства сочетания

пи́р—ро—ва по—бе́—да

Устойчивое сочетание (фразеологизм). Используется в качестве именной группы.

Произношение

• МФА: [ˈpʲir(ː)əvə pɐˈbʲedə]

Семантические свойства

Значение

1. ритор. победа, доставшаяся слишком дорогой ценой; тактический выигрыш, приводящий к стратегическому проигрышу ◆ Лежащая передо мной статья в общем правильно их оценивает, но — она называется «Пиррова победа на московском фронте». Н. Н. Суханов, «Записки о революции», Книга 5, 1918–1921 г гг. [НКРЯ] ◆ Мой полк в этом несчастном бою понес огромные потери: больше 80 человек выбыло из строя, среди них убитых было почти половина. Для меня это была пиррова победа… А. П. Богаевский, «Ледяной поход», 1918 г. [НКРЯ]

Синонимы

1. победа Пирра, кадмейская победа

Антонимы

Гиперонимы

1. победа

Гипонимы

Этимология

В сражении при Аускуле в 279 г. до н. э. эпирская армия царя Пирра в течение двух дней вела наступление на войска римлян и сломила их сопротивление, но потери были столь велики, что Пирр заметил: «Ещё одна такая победа — и я останусь без войска». Поскольку целью войны является уничтожение войск противника, такая чисто тактическая победа не давала положительных перспектив и приводила к длительной паузе, необходимой для пополнения личного состава, вооружений и боеприпасов.

Перевод

Библиография

пиррова победа

Синонимы:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Pyrrhic victory ( PIRR-ik) is a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat. Such a victory negates any true sense of achievement or damages long-term progress.

The phrase originates from a quote from Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose triumph against the Romans in the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC destroyed much of his forces, forcing the end of his campaign.

Etymology[edit]

Pyrrhic victory is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius:

The armies separated; and, it is said, Pyrrhus replied to one that gave him joy of his victory that one other such victory would utterly undo him. For he had lost a great part of the forces he brought with him, and almost all his particular friends and principal commanders; there were no others there to make recruits, and he found the confederates in Italy backward. On the other hand, as from a fountain continually flowing out of the city, the Roman camp was quickly and plentifully filled up with fresh men, not at all abating in courage for the loss they sustained, but even from their very anger gaining new force and resolution to go on with the war.

In both Epirote victories, the Romans suffered greater casualties but they had a much larger pool of replacements, so the casualties had less impact on the Roman war effort than the losses of King Pyrrhus.

The report is often quoted as

Ne ego si iterum eodem modo vicero, sine ullo milite Epirum revertar.
If I achieve such a victory again, I shall return to Epirus without any soldier.

or

If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined.

— Plutarch^[3]

Examples[edit]

War[edit]

This list comprises examples of battles that ended in a Pyrrhic victory. It is not intended to be complete but to illustrate the concept.

• Battle of Asculum (279 BC),^[3] Pyrrhus of Epirus and Italian allies against the Roman Republic: the Romans, though suffering twice as many casualties, could easily replenish their ranks. Pyrrhus lost most of his commanders and a great part of the forces he had brought to Italy, and he withdrew to Sicily.
• Battle of Avarayr (451),^[4][5] Vardan Mamikonian and Christian Armenian rebels against the Sassanid Empire: the Persians were victorious but the battle proved to be a strategic victory for Armenians, as Avarayr paved the way to the Nvarsak Treaty (484 AD), which assured Armenian autonomy and religious freedom.
• Siege of Szigetvár (1566),^[6][7] Ottoman–Habsburg wars: although the Ottomans won the siege, it can be seen as a Pyrrhic victory because of the heavy Ottoman casualties, the death of Sultan Suleiman, and the resulting delay to the Ottoman push for Vienna that year which suspended Ottoman expansion in Europe.
• Siege of Ostend (1601–1604),^[8][9][10] Eighty Years’ War: for three years the Spanish attempted to capture this port from Dutch and English defenders, even as the Dutch expanded their territory further east – including capturing the port of Sluis to replace Ostend before surrendering. The vast cost and casualties of the siege were compounded by Spain’s subsequent campaign to recapture the Dutch gains, which achieved little, and by 1607 Spain was bankrupt. The resultant Twelve Years’ Truce effectively made the Dutch Republic an independent state.
• Battle of Malplaquet (1709),^[11][12][13] War of the Spanish Succession: the battle was an Allied victory because Marlborough’s army kept possession of the battlefield, but it had suffered double the French casualties and could not pursue. The French army withdrew in good order and relatively intact, and it remained a potent threat to further Allied operations.
• Battle of Gangwana (1741) fought between 1,000 strong Rathore cavalry of Jodhpur and combined armies of Mughal Empire, and Jaipur Numbering 100,000 with hundreds of cannons and artillery at Gangwana the Jaipur emerged victorious but with heavy losses of 12,000 and thousands other wounded^[14][15]
• Battle of Bunker Hill (1775),^[16][17] American Revolutionary War: after mounting three assaults on the colonial forces, the British won control of the Boston peninsula in the early stages of the war, but the engagement cost them many more casualties than the Americans had incurred (including a large number of officers) and led them to adopt more cautious methods, which helped American rebel forces; the political repercussions increased colonial support for independence.
• Battle of Guilford Court House (1781),^[18][19] American Revolutionary War: in this short battle, the outnumbered British force defeated an American army; the British lost a considerable number of men, and their drive to conquer the southern colonies changed course.
• Battle of Chancellorsville (1863),^[20] American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee split his army in the face of Hooker’s larger Union force; the audacious strategy allowed the Confederate army to win the day against a numerically superior foe. However, 20% of Lee’s army was injured or killed, including General Stonewall Jackson, and his losses were difficult to replace. Lee’s weakened army went on the offensive, but less than two months later was defeated and forced to retreat after the Battle of Gettysburg.
• Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands (1942),^[21][22][23] World War II, Solomon Islands Campaign: Japanese and Allied naval forces met during the struggle for Guadalcanal and nearby islands. After an exchange of carrier air attacks, U.S. surface ships retreated with one carrier sunk and another severely damaged. The Japanese carrier forces achieved a tactical victory, as none of their ships were sunk, but the heavy loss of irreplaceable veteran aircrews was to the strategic advantage of the Allies. Japanese ground forces on Guadalcanal had also just lost the Battle for Henderson Field and were in no position to take advantage of the new situation.
• Battle of Chosin Reservoir (1950),^[24][25] Korean War: the Chinese army attempted to encircle and destroy the UN forces but in a 17-day battle in freezing weather, the UN forces inflicted crippling losses on the Chinese while making a fighting withdrawal. The Chinese occupied northeast Korea but they did not recover until the spring, and the UN maintained a foothold in Korea.
• Second Battle of Quảng Trị (1972), Vietnam War: The army of the Republic of Vietnam, with the support of ground artillery, ship gunboats, and bombers, attacked the ancient citadel of Quảng Trị. Although the citadel was recaptured after 81 days and nights, the ARVN army was weakened and after only 2 years, the Republic of Vietnam collapsed and the communists unified the North and South.
• Battle of Vukovar (1991),^[26][27] Croatian War of Independence: the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) laid siege to the city of Vukovar, held by the Croatian National Guard and civilian volunteers. After 87 days, the ruined city fell to the JNA. Although the city was besieged from all sides, it exhausted the Yugoslav army and Serbian paramilitaries that had about twenty times more soldiers and complete armoured and artillery superiority, and they had twice as many losses. It was a turning point in the Croatian War of Independence.

Politics, sports and law[edit]

The term is used as an analogy in business, politics and sport to describe struggles that end up ruining the victor. Theologian Reinhold Niebuhr commented on the necessity of coercion in preserving the course of justice by warning,

Moral reason must learn how to make coercion its ally without running the risk of a Pyrrhic victory in which the ally exploits and negates the triumph.

— Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr^[28]

In Beauharnais v. Illinois, a 1952 U.S. Supreme Court decision involving a charge proscribing group libel, Associate Justice Black alluded to Pyrrhus in his dissent,

If minority groups hail this holding as their victory, they might consider the possible relevancy of this ancient remark: «Another such victory and I am undone».

— Hugo Black^[29]

Criminal trials often can result in Pyrrhic victories, as, particularly in misdemeanor cases, the costs of hiring a lawyer and/or missing work to go to trial to be found not-guilty could be significantly larger than the cost of pleading guilty. For example, a conviction for running a stop sign might carry a fine of $200, while missing work to appear in court to enter a not-guilty plea could cost the defendant more. In another example, in a case in which a defendant cannot afford bail that defendant could be held in jail for years while awaiting trial, even if the crime for which he is accused carries a sentence of less than a year. This Pyrrhic victory phenomenon, coupled with the risk of losing at trial (whether innocent or not) is often enough to pressure even innocent parties into accepting plea bargains.^[30] Ideally, a person found innocent at trial could recoup his costs by suing the parties responsible for a false accusation, but due to qualified immunity for police and absolute immunity for prosecutors, victory in such suits is unlikely.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Pyrrhic victory ( PIRR-ik) is a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat. Such a victory negates any true sense of achievement or damages long-term progress.

The phrase originates from a quote from Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose triumph against the Romans in the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC destroyed much of his forces, forcing the end of his campaign.

Etymology[edit]

Pyrrhic victory is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius:

The armies separated; and, it is said, Pyrrhus replied to one that gave him joy of his victory that one other such victory would utterly undo him. For he had lost a great part of the forces he brought with him, and almost all his particular friends and principal commanders; there were no others there to make recruits, and he found the confederates in Italy backward. On the other hand, as from a fountain continually flowing out of the city, the Roman camp was quickly and plentifully filled up with fresh men, not at all abating in courage for the loss they sustained, but even from their very anger gaining new force and resolution to go on with the war.

In both Epirote victories, the Romans suffered greater casualties but they had a much larger pool of replacements, so the casualties had less impact on the Roman war effort than the losses of King Pyrrhus.

The report is often quoted as

Ne ego si iterum eodem modo vicero, sine ullo milite Epirum revertar.
If I achieve such a victory again, I shall return to Epirus without any soldier.

or

If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined.

— Plutarch^[3]

Examples[edit]

War[edit]

This list comprises examples of battles that ended in a Pyrrhic victory. It is not intended to be complete but to illustrate the concept.

• Battle of Asculum (279 BC),^[3] Pyrrhus of Epirus and Italian allies against the Roman Republic: the Romans, though suffering twice as many casualties, could easily replenish their ranks. Pyrrhus lost most of his commanders and a great part of the forces he had brought to Italy, and he withdrew to Sicily.
• Battle of Avarayr (451),^[4][5] Vardan Mamikonian and Christian Armenian rebels against the Sassanid Empire: the Persians were victorious but the battle proved to be a strategic victory for Armenians, as Avarayr paved the way to the Nvarsak Treaty (484 AD), which assured Armenian autonomy and religious freedom.
• Siege of Szigetvár (1566),^[6][7] Ottoman–Habsburg wars: although the Ottomans won the siege, it can be seen as a Pyrrhic victory because of the heavy Ottoman casualties, the death of Sultan Suleiman, and the resulting delay to the Ottoman push for Vienna that year which suspended Ottoman expansion in Europe.
• Siege of Ostend (1601–1604),^[8][9][10] Eighty Years’ War: for three years the Spanish attempted to capture this port from Dutch and English defenders, even as the Dutch expanded their territory further east – including capturing the port of Sluis to replace Ostend before surrendering. The vast cost and casualties of the siege were compounded by Spain’s subsequent campaign to recapture the Dutch gains, which achieved little, and by 1607 Spain was bankrupt. The resultant Twelve Years’ Truce effectively made the Dutch Republic an independent state.
• Battle of Malplaquet (1709),^[11][12][13] War of the Spanish Succession: the battle was an Allied victory because Marlborough’s army kept possession of the battlefield, but it had suffered double the French casualties and could not pursue. The French army withdrew in good order and relatively intact, and it remained a potent threat to further Allied operations.
• Battle of Gangwana (1741) fought between 1,000 strong Rathore cavalry of Jodhpur and combined armies of Mughal Empire, and Jaipur Numbering 100,000 with hundreds of cannons and artillery at Gangwana the Jaipur emerged victorious but with heavy losses of 12,000 and thousands other wounded^[14][15]
• Battle of Bunker Hill (1775),^[16][17] American Revolutionary War: after mounting three assaults on the colonial forces, the British won control of the Boston peninsula in the early stages of the war, but the engagement cost them many more casualties than the Americans had incurred (including a large number of officers) and led them to adopt more cautious methods, which helped American rebel forces; the political repercussions increased colonial support for independence.
• Battle of Guilford Court House (1781),^[18][19] American Revolutionary War: in this short battle, the outnumbered British force defeated an American army; the British lost a considerable number of men, and their drive to conquer the southern colonies changed course.
• Battle of Chancellorsville (1863),^[20] American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee split his army in the face of Hooker’s larger Union force; the audacious strategy allowed the Confederate army to win the day against a numerically superior foe. However, 20% of Lee’s army was injured or killed, including General Stonewall Jackson, and his losses were difficult to replace. Lee’s weakened army went on the offensive, but less than two months later was defeated and forced to retreat after the Battle of Gettysburg.
• Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands (1942),^[21][22][23] World War II, Solomon Islands Campaign: Japanese and Allied naval forces met during the struggle for Guadalcanal and nearby islands. After an exchange of carrier air attacks, U.S. surface ships retreated with one carrier sunk and another severely damaged. The Japanese carrier forces achieved a tactical victory, as none of their ships were sunk, but the heavy loss of irreplaceable veteran aircrews was to the strategic advantage of the Allies. Japanese ground forces on Guadalcanal had also just lost the Battle for Henderson Field and were in no position to take advantage of the new situation.
• Battle of Chosin Reservoir (1950),^[24][25] Korean War: the Chinese army attempted to encircle and destroy the UN forces but in a 17-day battle in freezing weather, the UN forces inflicted crippling losses on the Chinese while making a fighting withdrawal. The Chinese occupied northeast Korea but they did not recover until the spring, and the UN maintained a foothold in Korea.
• Second Battle of Quảng Trị (1972), Vietnam War: The army of the Republic of Vietnam, with the support of ground artillery, ship gunboats, and bombers, attacked the ancient citadel of Quảng Trị. Although the citadel was recaptured after 81 days and nights, the ARVN army was weakened and after only 2 years, the Republic of Vietnam collapsed and the communists unified the North and South.
• Battle of Vukovar (1991),^[26][27] Croatian War of Independence: the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) laid siege to the city of Vukovar, held by the Croatian National Guard and civilian volunteers. After 87 days, the ruined city fell to the JNA. Although the city was besieged from all sides, it exhausted the Yugoslav army and Serbian paramilitaries that had about twenty times more soldiers and complete armoured and artillery superiority, and they had twice as many losses. It was a turning point in the Croatian War of Independence.

Politics, sports and law[edit]

The term is used as an analogy in business, politics and sport to describe struggles that end up ruining the victor. Theologian Reinhold Niebuhr commented on the necessity of coercion in preserving the course of justice by warning,

Moral reason must learn how to make coercion its ally without running the risk of a Pyrrhic victory in which the ally exploits and negates the triumph.

— Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr^[28]

In Beauharnais v. Illinois, a 1952 U.S. Supreme Court decision involving a charge proscribing group libel, Associate Justice Black alluded to Pyrrhus in his dissent,

If minority groups hail this holding as their victory, they might consider the possible relevancy of this ancient remark: «Another such victory and I am undone».

— Hugo Black^[29]

Criminal trials often can result in Pyrrhic victories, as, particularly in misdemeanor cases, the costs of hiring a lawyer and/or missing work to go to trial to be found not-guilty could be significantly larger than the cost of pleading guilty. For example, a conviction for running a stop sign might carry a fine of $200, while missing work to appear in court to enter a not-guilty plea could cost the defendant more. In another example, in a case in which a defendant cannot afford bail that defendant could be held in jail for years while awaiting trial, even if the crime for which he is accused carries a sentence of less than a year. This Pyrrhic victory phenomenon, coupled with the risk of losing at trial (whether innocent or not) is often enough to pressure even innocent parties into accepting plea bargains.^[30] Ideally, a person found innocent at trial could recoup his costs by suing the parties responsible for a false accusation, but due to qualified immunity for police and absolute immunity for prosecutors, victory in such suits is unlikely.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Фразеологизм «пиррова победа»

Краткое описание и значение

Устойчивое сочетание «пиррова победа» означает триумф, но с большими потерями. Это больше поражение, нежели победа.

История появления

История возникновения этого фразеологизма связана с именем царя Эпира и Македонии Пирра, который правил с 318 по 272 годы до нашей эры.

В 279 году до нашей эры войско царя Пирра приняло участие в сражении с Римской империей под Аускулом. Сейчас это итальянский город Асколи-Сатриано. Силы обоих войск были равны. Победу в сражении одержал Пирр, но с большими потерями: одна десятая его войска была истреблена римлянами. После боя царь произнёс свою знаменитую фразу, которая потом стала крылатой:

«Ещё одна такая победа, и я останусь без войска».

Имя Пирра в истории оставило большой след. По своим заслугам его можно поставить в одном ряду с Александром Македонским и Ганнибалом, а некоторые древнеримские историки вообще считали его самым легендарным полководцем за всю историю войн. Пирру удавалось одерживать много побед, но каждый раз они сопровождались большими потерями, пока однажды он вообще не потерял своё войско. Так и появилось выражение «пиррова победа», то есть победа, за которую была заплачена слишком большая цена.

Употребление в современной жизни

Выражение «пиррова победа» редко, но всё-таки употребляется в современной жизни. Так мы говорим о победе, которая далась нам слишком дорогой ценой:

Никто не хотел праздновать эту пиррову победу: лица у всех были угрюмые и печальные.

Использование в литературе

Фразеологический оборот «пиррова победа» можно встретить на страницах литературных произведений. Так, писатель Николай Гейцне в своём произведении «В действующей армии» пишет: «Мнимые победы японцев, о которых трубят зарубежные газеты, — это пирровы победы, те, про которых говорят: «Ещё одна такая победа, и я останусь без войска.»

Александр Чаковский в произведении «Блокада» тоже использует этот фразеологизм: «Всем было ясно, что если бы немцы ворвались в этот город, то им бы пришлось пройтись по нашим телам. Они бы сражались с каждым домом, с каждым двором и с каждой улицей, и в конечном счёте понесли бы колоссальные потери — это была бы пиррова победа».

В рассказе «Колокола» Юрия Нагибина есть момент, в котором Рахманинов обращается к импресарио с такими словами: «Признаться, вы победили, но как это не оказалось пирровой победой — вас ждут серьёзные испытания».

Современные авторы тоже используют это выражение в своих книгах. Борис Владимиров в произведении «Комдив. От Синявинских высот до Эльбы» говорит: «Под впечатлением от кровопролитного боя успех в этом сражении ассоциировался с пирровой победой».

В книге «Наёмник. Пламя надежды» Андрей Ливадный тоже упоминает этот фразеологизм: «Мало кто верил, что после пирровой победы жалкие остатки колониального флота могли хоть как-то повлиять на исход этой войны».

Фред Адра в произведении «Лисс Улисс и потерянный город» пишет: «В среде археологов пирровой победой считали такую победу, в которой победителя казнили побеждённые».

Таким образом, выражение «пиррова победа» использовали классики отечественной литературы, в том числе современные авторы.

Чем можно заменить в предложении

Выражение можно заменить другими, подходящими по смыслу, выражениями. Самый распространённый вариант — это фразеологизм «кадмейская победа». Он возник давно, во времена Древней Греции. Между родными братьями Этеоклом и Полиником разгорелся конфликт за город Фивы, в котором правил первый. Братья пошли друг на друга с войной. В результате битвы они оба погибли, но население смогло отстоять свой город в сражении. Почему эта победа была названа кадмейской, до сих пор неизвестно. Есть версия, что основателем города Фивы был царь Кадма, отсюда и название победы.

Эта кадмейская победа не давала мне уснуть: зря я ввязался в эту историю.

Также для замены подойдёт фразеологизм «бесмысленная бойня». Так говорят о сражении, которое не принесло никаких результатов:

Тысячи солдат гибли в этой бессмысленной бойне, пока нам твердили о том, что наша армия — самая мощная в мире.

Синонимичные выражения

Похожие по смыслу фразеологизмы:

• победа с привкусом поражения;
• радость со слезами на глазах;
• мнимая победа.

Это праздник с сединою на висках,

Это радость со слезами на глазах. (В. Харитонов «День Победы»).

Антонимичные выражения

Противоположные по смыслу сочетания:

• блестящая победа;
• одержать верх;
• задать жару;
• почивать на лаврах;
• получить пальму первенства;
• раздался гром победы;
• утереть нос;
• положить на лопатки;
• заткнуть за пояс;
• показать, кто тут главный;
• выйти из ситуации победителем.

Скарлетт могла одним только взглядом утереть нос этим старым матронам.

Употребление в иностранной языковой культуре

Выражение «пиррова победа» употребляется в иностранных языках. В английском языке оно звучит как «pyrrhic victory»:

They were celebrating the pyrrhic victory.

На немецком языке это будет «Pyrrhussieg», а на французском — «victoire à la Pyrrhus».

Ошибки в использовании

Несмотря на то, что Пирр — имя собственное, слово «пиррова» в составе фразеологизма пишется с маленькой буквы. В этом значении оно давно стало нарицательным существительное, которое всегда начинается со строчной буквы.

Толковый словарь русского языка. Поиск по слову, типу, синониму, антониму и описанию. Словарь ударений.

пиррова победа