Как пишется поисковая система яндекс

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Здравствуйте! Очень поможете, если подскажете. Кавычить ли названия, в которых присутствуют сразу и кириллица, и латиница, например: Яндекс Go. Буду очень признательна за быстрый ответ!

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

По правилам кавычки в таких случаях нужны: «Яндекс Go».

Здравствуйте. Как правильно пишется «мед деятельность» или «меддеятельность», «мед документ» или «меддокумент»? Встречаю разные варианты, ощущение, что пишут все кто как хочет. В словарях написано, что «мед» (в значении «медицинский») сокращение пишется слитно со словами, но гугл и яндекс поправляют на раздельное написание в этих словах. Может двойное «д» как-то влияет, т.к. слова медсправка, медсестра, медпункт и т.п. можно найти как пишутся и они слитно пишутся, а вот слова с «меддеятельность» и «меддокументы» найти не могу в справочниках. Объясните, пожалуйста, как правильно и почему. Благодарю.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Писать нужно в соответствии с предписаниями словарей и правил. По правилу сложносокращенные существительные пишутся слитно, см., например, здесь. В академическом орфографическом словаре для части мед- есть отдельная словарная статья, где говорится то же применительно к конкретной части. Более подробно здесь. Удвоение буквы д не препятствует правильному написанию, ср. с зафиксированным в академическом орфографическом словаре словом меддезинсекция.

Почему Google заменяет в поиске «бескофеиновый» на «безкофеиновый»? Разве правописание «-з/с» в приставках не зависит от первой согласной корня?

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Правильное написание бескофеиновый. Поиск в поисковых системах корректный, замена не происходит. Иногда мы сталкиваемся с тем, что Яндекс меняет менее частотное написание (которое может быть правильным) на более частотное (которе является ошибочным).

Добрый день. Слово «перила», вопрос с ним. В соответствии с каким правилом пишется первая гласная? Изучая правила для подготовки к ЕГЭ выписывала это слово в пример к паре чередующихся корней -пер-/-пир в соответствии с интернет-ресурсом rustutors. При решении задания номер 8 на ЯндексРепетиторе попалось это слово, соответственно отнесла его к безударным чередующимся, что оказалось неверно и, как написано в пояснении, гласная в слове непроверяемая. Хотелось бы знать, как же всё-таки быть

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Это пограничный случай. Исторически в слове перила корень с чередованием. Так его оценивают и орфографисты сегодня, потому что смысловая связь слов перила и опираться ощущается носителями языка. Однако возможен и другой взгляд на структуру слова. При составлении экзаменационных заданий учитываются подобные случаи переходности в языке, от них зависеть ответ не будет. 

Добрый день. В Яндекс-репетиторе в задании на отыскание слов с чередующимися безударными гласными в корне слово «понимать» не относят к чередованию, а относят к проверяемому слову. Мне думается, что этот корень с чередованием (а, я — им, он понимать — понять). Это задание здесь (4-я строчка) yandex.ru/tutor/subject/problem/?problem_id=T735

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Вы правы, в глаголе понимать и в производном от него существительном понимание (именно это существительное входит в задание) корень с чередованием. См. соответствующую словарную статью в информационно-поисковой системе «Орфографическое комментирование русского словаря».

Как правильно – зАнялся, занЯлся или занялсЯ? Предложение: Вы действительно хотите, чтобы я вами занялся? «Яндекс» предлагает 2 вида ответов специалистов — ударение на 2 слог и на последний слог. У всех специалистов убедительные доводы, но при этом совершенно непонятно, а как всё-таки будет правильно?

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Орфографический словарь дает два варианта: занЯлся и занялсЯ. Более строгий словарь «Русского словесное ударение» — вариант занялсЯ.

Таким образом, вариант с ударением на последний слог следует признать однозначно верным. С ударением на второй слог — допустимым. Вариант с первым ударным слогом некорректен.

«»И считаю, что он ничем не хуже того, который стоит на самиздате, и явно лучше яндекс-дзиневского, например». Слово «ничем» нужно писать слитно или раздельно в данном случае?

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Верно: ничем не хуже. Обратите внимание на опечатку в слове дзеновского.

Здравствуйте. Простой вопрос: к какому роду отнести название сервиса «Яндекс.Музыка»? Я бы отнес к женскому, но есть и другие мнения. Вот, например, заголовок статьи: «Яндекс.Музыка» назвал популярные песни в городах-миллионниках.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Если это сервис, то корректно согласование в м. р., а также в ж. р. при отсутствии родового слова.

Добрый день! Хотела бы уточнить, как правильно с т.з. грамматики говорить «искать В Яндексе» или «искать НА Яндексе»? Гугл вопросов не вызывает, встречала только форму «в», а вот по Яндексу обе версии слышала. Согласно Википедии, Гугл это поисковая система, в то время как Яндекс поисковая система и интернет-портал. Искать В системе, но НА портале — у меня такая логика

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Употребление пока не устоялось, можно найти доводы в пользу обоих вариантов.

Не совсем понятно, каким образом писать слово демо(-)сервис С одной стороны, написание «демо» с дефисом позволяет четко выделить слова от тех, которые пишутся слитно, например: демократия, демонстрация и т.д. И в этом случае рассматриваемое слово демо(-)сервис будет восприниматься как сочетание как «демонстративный сервис» или ,к примеру, для «демонстрационная программ» «демо(-)программа» С другой стороны, на сайте грамота.ру уважаемые люди доказывают, что писать необходимо слитно и ссылаются на правила. С третьей стороны, даже на сайте грамота.ру слова «демосервис» нет в словарях, а проверка орфографии слова «демосервис» например в поисковом сервисе Яндекс отвечает на неправильное написание. Как быть? Считаю, что если этого слова нет в словаре, трактовать написание можно по разному. В ответе на вопрос прошу дать самую полную информацию.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Нормативной рекомендации нет, однако предпочтительно слитное написание (ср.: демоверсия — демонстрационная версия).

Добрый день! Обнаружила на сайте https://thedifference.ru/kak-pishetsya-pravilno-dvuxstoronnij-ili-dvustoronnij/ статью, где утверждается, что слова двуХсторонний просто не существует в природе. (Яндекс выдает ссылку на нее в рамочке по запросу «двусторонний или двухсторонний»). Что-то изменилось в правилах? Конечно, это бы здорово облегчило всем жизнь, но не верится. Часто сталкиваемся с этим вопросом по работе в связи со словами «скотч», «матрас», «флаер» и «листовка». Если не сложно, дайте, пожалуйста, свои рекомендации по ним.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

На сайте дана неверная информация. На самом деле варианты двусторонний и двухсторонний равноправны, что зафиксировано академическим «Русским орфографическим словарем» (4-е изд. М., 2012) и другими нормативными словарями современного русского языка.

Здравствуйте! Есть предложение: «Говорит(об/о)их сексуальной близости». Меня в данном предложении немного терзают сомнения, а именно: какой правильно использовать предлог «об» или «о»? По правилам русской орфографии верно «об», но почему-то напрашивается «о». Объясните мне, пожалуйста, как будет верно.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Верно: об их.

О — об — обо

Выбор предлога зависит от того, с какого звука (гласного или согласного) начинается последующее слово и в какой падежной форме оно употребляется:

1) в винительном падеже перед словами, начинающимися согласными (кроме форм местоименных слов всё, всю, все, всех, что), употребляются предлоги о и об: споткнулся о порог и об порог; ударился о камень и об камень;

2) в винительном падеже перед словами, начинающимися гласными, употребляется только предлог об: споткнулся об острый камень;

3) в винительном падеже перед формами местоименных слов все, всё, всех, всю, что, а также что-либо, что-нибудь, что-то употребляется предлог обо: споткнулся обо все камни; Обо что ты споткнулся?

4) в предложном падеже перед словами, начинающимися согласными (кроме форм местоименных слов мне, всём, всей, всех), употребляется предлог о:  узнал о родственниках, вспомнил о невесте;

5) в предложном падеже перед словами, начинающимися гласными, употребляется предлог об: вспоминать об отце; задуматься об учебе;

6) в предложном падеже перед формами местоименных слов мне, всём, всей, всех употребляется предлог обо:узнал обо всех родственниках, вспомнил обо мне. Однако в художественной литературе возможно: о всем, о всей, о всех (Девушка пела в церковном хоре // О всех усталых в чужом краю… А. Блок).

Примечание. Нужно обратить внимание, что слова, начинающиеся с букв е, ё, ю, я, – это слова, начинающиеся с согласного звука [j]. Поэтому правильно: дискутировать о Европе, песня о ёлке, вспоминать о юных годах, говорить о «Яндексе» (не об).

Добрый день! Уточните правильное написание адресов. Обязательно ли ставить точки и запятые в адресных блоках? Пример: ул. Ивановская, д. 1, к. 2 или возможно написание, как на яндекс/гугл картах: ул. Ивановская, 1к2

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Написания адресов регламентируется только Правилами оформления почтовых отправлений «Почты России», которые, строго говоря, распространяются только на письма, бандероли, открытки и под. Однако основания для рекомендаций, сформулированных в этих правилах, вполне лингвистические. Компоненты адреса соотносятся как уточняющие и уточняемые члены предложения. Отсюда необходимость разделять их запятыми. В литературной письменной речи этим рекомендациям целесообразно следовать.

Если слово «сокомандник» поискать в «Яндексе», то поисковик выдаст 180 показов в месяц и 124 тыс. найденных результатов, то есть, очевидно, таким словом активно пользуются. Однако в словарях его, как ни странно, нет. То, что это слово разговорное, это понятно, но встаёт вопрос, а можно ли использовать это слово в публицистической, официально-деловой или художественной речи?

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

В публицистике — можно, как окказиональное слово, образованное по регулярной словообразовательной модели.

Добрый день! Скажите, пожалуйста, допустимо ли склонять «Яндекс.Пробки» в случаях, если перед словом нет определителя (По данным портала/сервиса «Яндекс.пробки»)? То есть можно ли говорить «По данным Яндекс.Пробок»?

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

В строгой литературной речи предпочтительнее использовать первый вариант: по данным портала (сервиса) «Яндекс.Пробки». Второй вариант является новым, поэтому его употребление еще не устоялось. В разговорной речи допустимо сочетание по данным «Яндекс.Пробок».

Данное слово является существительным, а употребляется в значении «российская транснациональная компания в отрасли информационных технологий, чьё головное юридическое лицо зарегистрировано в Нидерландах» . Со значением слова всё стало понятно. А возникнут ли вопросы при написании слова? Я думаю, что да. Поэтому, давайте разберёмся.

Как же правильно пишется: «Яндекс» или «яндекс»?

Согласно орфографической норме русского языка изучаемое слово пишется, как в первом варианте, так и во втором:

Яндекс

яндекс

Важно знать, что оба варианта правописания являются верными.

Однако, согласно правилу русского языка, лучше употреблять слово с большой буквы и в кавычках, как и другие наименования («Гугл», «ВКонтакте»).

Но, тем не менее, на письме допустимо употребления слова с маленькой буквы.

Синонимы к слову:

• Гугл
• Фейсбук
• Вконтакте

Примеры предложений с данным словом:

• «Яндекс» — это моя любимая поисковая система!
• Вчера я прочитала эту новость в «Яндекс».
• С поисковой системой «Яндекс» работать очень удобно и просто!

Yandex Search

English version logo
Type of site	Web search engine
Available in	Multilingual
Owner	Yandex
Created by	Arkady Volozh Arkady Borkovsky Ilya Segalovich
URL	Yandex.com
Commercial	Yes
Registration	Optional
Current status	Active

Yandex Search (Russian: Яндекс) is a search engine. It is owned by Yandex, based in Russia. In January 2015, Yandex Search generated 51.2% of all of the search traffic in Russia according to LiveInternet [ru; uk].^[1]

About[edit]

The search technology provides local search results in more than 1,400 cities. Yandex Search also features “parallel” search that presents results from both main web index and specialized information resources, including news, shopping, blogs, images and videos on a single page.

Yandex Search is responsive to real-time queries, recognizing when a query requires the most current information, such as breaking news or the most recent post on Twitter on a particular topic. It also contains some additional features: Wizard Answer, which provides additional information (for example, sports results), spell checker, autocomplete which suggests queries as-you-type, antivirus that detects malware on webpages and so on.^[2]

In May 2010, Yandex launched Yandex.com, a platform for beta testing and improving non-Russian language search.^[3]

The search product can be accessed from personal computers, mobile phones, tablets and other digital devices. In addition to web search, Yandex provides a wide range of specialized search services.

In 2009, Yandex launched MatrixNet, a new method of machine learning that significantly improves the relevance of search results. It allows the Yandex’ search engine to take into account a very large number of factors when it makes the decision about relevancy of search results.^[4]

Another technology, Spectrum, was launched in 2010. It allows inferring implicit queries and returning matching search results. The system automatically analyses users’ searches and identifies objects like personal names, films or cars. Proportions of the search results responding to different user intents are based on the user demand for these results.^[5]

With the first release on 21 July 2017, Brave web browser features Yandex as one of its default search engines.^[6]

In March 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Yandex and Mail.ru were removed as optional search providers from the Mozilla Firefox browser.^[7]

Functionality[edit]

Overview[edit]

The search engine consists of three main components:^[8]

1. An agent is a search robot. It bypasses the network, downloads and analyzes documents. If a new link is found during site analysis, it falls into the list of web addresses of the robot. Search robots are of the following types: spiders — download sites like the user’s browsers; Crawler — discover new, still unknown links based on the analysis of already known documents; indexers — analyze the detected web pages and add data to the index. Many deflated documents are divided into disjoint parts and are cleared from the markup.
2. Index is a database compiled by search engine indexing robots. Documents are searched in the index.
3. Search engine. The search request from the user is sent to the least loaded server after analyzing the load of the search system.^[9][10] To provide such an opportunity, Yandex servers are clustered. Then, the user request is processed by a program called «Metapoisk».^[10] Metapoisk analyzes the request in real time: it determines the geographic location of the user, conducts linguistic analysis, etc. The program also determines whether the request belongs to the category of the most popular or recently defined.The issuance of such requests for some time is stored in the memory (cache) of the metasearch, and in case of a match, previously saved results are displayed.^[10] If the request is rare and there are no matches in the cache, the system redirects it to the Basic Search program. It analyzes the system index, which is also divided into different duplicate servers (this speeds up the procedure). Then the received information again falls into meta-search, the data is ranked and shown to the user in a final form.^[9]

Indexing[edit]

In general, Yandex indexes the following file types:^[11] html, pdf, rtf, doc, xls, ppt, docx, odt, odp, ods, odg, xlsx, pptx.

The search engine is also able to index text inside Shockwave Flash objects (if the text is not placed on the image itself), if these elements are transferred as a separate page, which has the MIME type application/x-shockwave-flash , and files with the extension .swf^[12]

Yandex has 2 scanning robots — the “main” and the “fast”. The first is responsible for the whole Internet, the second indexes sites with frequently changing and updating information (news sites and news agencies). In 2010, the “fast” robot received a new technology called “Orange”, developed jointly by the California and Moscow divisions of Yandex.^[12]

Since 2009, Yandex has supported Sitemaps technology.^[12]

Server logs[edit]

In the server logs, Yandex robots are represented as follows:^[13]

• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexBot/3.0) is the main indexing robot.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexBot/3.0; MirrorDetector) — a robot that detects site mirrors. If there are several sites with the same content, only one will be shown in the search results.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexImages/3.0) — indexer Yandex. Images.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexVideo/3.0) — indexer Yandex. Video.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexMedia/3.0) — indexer multimedia data.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexBlogs/0.99; robot) is a search robot that indexes post comments.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexAddurl/2.0) — is a search robot hat indexes pages through the «Add URL» form.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexDirect/2.0; Dyatel) — checking Yandex. Direct.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexMetrika/2.0) — indexer Yandex. Metrics.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexCatalog/3.0; Dyatel) — checking Yandex. Catalog.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexNews/3.0) — indexer Yandex. News.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexAntivirus/2.0) — Yandex anti-virus robot.

Query language[edit]

The following operators are used for setting:

• "" — exact quote
• | — enter between words, if you need to find one of them
• * — enter between words, if some word is missing
• site: — search on a specific site
• date: — search for documents by date, for example, date: 2007
• + — enter before the word, that should be in the document

Search results[edit]

Yandex, automatically, along with the original “exact form” of the query, searches for its various variations and formulations.^[14]

The Yandex search takes into account the morphology of the Russian language, therefore, regardless of the form of the word in the search query, the search will be performed for all word forms. If morphological analysis is undesirable, you can put an exclamation mark (!) Before the word — the search in this case will show only the specific form of the word. In addition, the search query practically does not take into account the so-called stop-words, that is, prepositions, punctuation, pronouns, etc., due to their wide distribution^[8]

As a rule, abbreviations are automatically disclosing, spelling is correcting. It also searches for synonyms (mobile — cellular). The extension of the original user request depends on the context. Expansion does not occur when a set of highly specialized terms, names of proper names of companies (for example, OJSC “Hippo” — OJSC “Hippopotamus”), adding the word “price”, in exact quotes (these are queries highlighted with typewriter quotes).^[14]

Search results for each user are formed individually based on their location, language of a query, interests and preferences based on the results of previous and current search sessions. However, the key factor in ranking search results is their relevance to the search query.^[15] Relevance is determined based on a ranking formula, which is constantly updated based on machine learning algorithms.

The search is performed in Russian, English, French, German, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Tatar, Kazakh.

Search results can be sorted by relevance and by date (buttons below the search results).

The page with the search results consists of 10 links with short annotations — “snippets”. The snippets includes a text comment, link, address, popular sections of the site, pages on social networks, etc.^[16] As an alternative to snippets, Yandex introduced in 2014 a new interface called “Islands”.^[17]

Yandex implements the “parallel searches” mechanism, when together with a web search, a search is performed on Yandex services, such as Catalog, News, Market, Encyclopedias, Images, etc. As a result, in response to a user’s request, the system shows not only textual information, but also links to video files, pictures, dictionary entries, etc.^[18]

A distinctive feature of the search engine is also the technology of «intent search» that mean a search for solving a problem.^[19] Intent search elements are — dialog prompts in case of ambiguous request, automatic text translation, information about the characteristics of the requested car, etc. For example, when you request “Boris Grebenshchikov — Golden City”, the system will show a form for online listening to music from the Yandex Music service, at the request of «st. Koroleva 12 » will be shown a fragment of the map with the marked object on it.

Spam and virus protection[edit]

In 2013, Yandex was considered by some to be the safest search engine at the time and the third most secure among all web resources.^[20] By 2016, Yandex had slipped down to third with Google being first.^[21]

Checking web pages and warning users appeared on Yandex in 2009: since then, on the search results page, next to a dangerous site there is a note “This site may threaten the security of your computer”.^[22] Two technologies at once are used to detect threats. The first was purchased from the American antivirus Sophos and based on a signature approach: that means, when accessing a web page, the antivirus system also accesses a database of already known viruses and malware. This approach is fast, but practically powerless against new viruses that have not yet entered the database. Therefore, Yandex along with the signature also uses its own antivirus complex, based on an analysis of the behavioral factor. The Yandex program, when accessing the site, checks whether the latter requested additional files from the browser, redirected it to an extraneous resource, etc. Thus, if information is received that the site begins to perform certain actions (cascading style sheets, JavaScript modules are launched and complete programs) without user permission, it is placed in the “black list” and in the database of virus signatures.^[23] Information about the infection of the site appears in the search results, and through the Yandex.Webmaster service the owner of the site receives a notification. After the first check, Yandex does the second, and if the infection information is confirmed a second time, the checks will be more frequent until the threat is eliminated. The total number of infected sites in the Yandex database does not exceed 1%.^[22]

Every day in 2013, Yandex checks 23 million web pages (while detecting 4,300 dangerous sites) and shows users 8 million warnings.^[24] Approximately one billion sites are checked monthly.^[22]

Search ranking[edit]

For a long time, the key ranking factor for Yandex was the number of third-party links to a particular site. Each page on the Internet was assigned a unique citation index, similar to the index for authors of scientific articles: the more links, the better. A similar mechanism was implemented in the Yandex and in the Google’s PageRank. In order to prevent cheating, Yandex uses multivariate analysis, in which only 70 of the 800 factors are affected by the number of third-party links. Today, the content of the site and the presence or absence of keywords there, the ease of reading the text, the name of the domain, its history and the presence of multimedia content play a much greater role.

On 5 December 2013 Yandex announced a complete refusal of accounting the link factor in the future.^[25]

Search hints[edit]

As the user types the query in the search bar, the search engine offers hints in the form of a drop-down list. Hints appear even before the search results appears and allow you to refine the query, correct the layout or typo, or go directly to the site you are looking for. For each user, hints are generated based on the history of their search queries using the My Finds service. In 2012, the so-called “Smart Search Hints” appeared, which instantly give out information about the main constants (equator length, speed of light, and so on), traffic jams, and have a built-in calculator. In addition, a translator was integrated in the “Hints” (the query “love in French” instantly gives out amour, affection ), the schedule and results of football matches, exchange rates, weather forecasts and more. You can find out the exact time by asking «what time is it.» In 2011, Hints in the search for Yandex became completely local to 83 regions of Russia.^[26]

In addition to the actual search, Hints are built into Yandex search engines. Dictionaries ”,“ Yandex. Market ”,“ Yandex. Maps «and other Yandex services.

The hint function is a consequence of the development of the technology of intent search and first appeared on Yandex.Bar in August 2007, and in October 2008 it was introduced on the main page of the search engine.^[27] Available both in the desktop and mobile versions of the site, Yandex shows its users more than a billion search hints per day^[28]

History[edit]

Changes in the search engine for a long time were not widely represented and remained nameless. And only from the beginning of 2008, when the launch of algorithm 8 SP1 was announced, Yandex announced that henceforth the new ranking algorithms will bear the names of cities.^[29]

1990s[edit]

The name of the system — Yandex, — was invented together by Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich.^[30] The word stands for yet another indexer (or as “ I am («ya« in Russian language) and index )”. According to the interpretation of Artemy Lebedev, the name of the search engine is consonant with Yandeks, where yang means the masculine beginning,^[31]

The yandex.ru search engine was announced by CompTek on 23 September 1997^[32] at the Softool exhibition, although some developments in the field of search (Bible indexing, searching for documents on CD-ROM, site search) were carried out by the company even earlier. The first index contained information on 5 thousand servers and occupied 4.5 GB.^[33]

In the same 1997, the search for Yandex began to be used in the Russian version of Internet Explorer 4.0.^[34][35] It became possible to query in natural language.^[36]

In 1998, the function “find similar documents” appeared for each search result.^[37]

“Yandex. Search ”as of 1998 worked on three machines running on FreeBSD under Apache: one machine crawled the Internet and indexed documents, one search engine, and one machine duplicated the search engine.^[38]

In 1999, a search appeared in the categories — search, a combination of a search engine and a catalog.^[39] The version of the search engine was updated.^[40]

2000[edit]

On 6 June 2000 the second version of the search engine was presented.^[41] A parallel search mechanism was introduced, and along with the issuance, information was offered from large sources. Users were able to limit the search results to the selected topic. The heading “Popular finds” appeared — words that refine the search.^[42]

In December 2000, the volume of indexed information reached 355.22 GB.^[43]

2001[edit]

In 2001, Yandex overtook another Russian search engine, Rambler, in terms of attendance, and became the leading search engine of Runet.^[44][45] Yandex began to understand requests in a natural language that were asked in interrogative form. The system has learned to recognize typos and suggest correcting them. The design has changed.^[46]

2002[edit]

The number of daily queries to the Yandex search engine exceeded 2 million^[47]

2003[edit]

Indexing .rtf and .pdf documents was launched.^[48] Search results began to be issued including in XML format.^[49]

2004[edit]

The ranking algorithm has changed.^[50]

Yandex began indexing documents in .swf (Flash).^[51]xls and .ppt formats.^[52]

At the end of the year, the study “Some Aspects of Full-Text Search and Ranking in Yandex” was published (authors Ilya Segalovich, Mikhail Maslov ), which revealed certain ranking details in a search engine.^[53]

2005[edit]

In summer, the so-called “fast” search robot was launched, working in parallel with the actual pages intended for indexing. The base of the «fast robot» is updated every 1.5–2 hours.^[54]

The ranking algorithm has been improved to increase search accuracy.^[55]

Search capabilities have been expanded with the help of Yandex. Dictionaries ”and“ Yandex. Lingvo «. The search engine has learned to understand queries like “What is [something] in Spanish” and automatically translate them.

It became possible to limit search results by region.^[56]

2006[edit]

Since May 2006, site icons have been displayed in the search results.^[57]

In early December, next to each link in the results of search appeared the item “Saved copy”, clicking on which, the user goes to a full copy of the page in a special archive database (“Yandex cache”).^[58]

2007[edit]

Ranking algorithm changed again.^[59]

2008[edit]

In 2008, Yandex for the first time began to openly announce changes in the search algorithm and started to name the changes with the names of Russian cities.^[60] The name of the “city” of each subsequent algorithm begins with the letter that the name of the previous one ended with.^[61]

2020[edit]

In April 2020, the search engine started artificially placing negative commentary about Navalny on the top positions in its search results for his name.^[62] Yandex declared this was part of an «experiment» and returned to presenting organic search results.^[63][64][65]

Achievements[edit]

According to media expert Mikhail Gurevich, Yandex is a “national treasure”, a “strategic product”.^[66]

This fact was also recognized in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, where in May 2012 a bill appeared in which Yandex and VKontakte are recognized by strategic enterprises as national information translators.^[67] In 2009, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev initiated the purchase of a “golden share” of Yandex by Sberbank in order to avoid an important nationwide company falling into foreign hands.^[68] In November 2019 Sberbank announced that it would give up its golden share,^[69] and the following month Yandex shareholders voted to approve a corporate restructuring backed by the Russian government which would invest control of the golden share in a new public interest foundation, to be implemented by the end of the first quarter of 2020, after Sberbank had previously agreed to sell the golden share for one euro.^[70]

In 2012, Yandex overtook Channel One in terms of daily audience, which made the Yandex a leader in the domestic media market.^[67] In 2013, Yandex confirmed this status, overtaking First in terms of revenue.^[71]

In 2008, Yandex was the ninth search engine in the world,^[72] in 2009 the seventh,^[73] and in 2013 the fourth.^[74]

One of the components of this situation is the presence in Russia of a sufficient number of mathematically savvy specialists with a scientific instinct.^[75]

By 2002, the word Yandex became so common that when Arkady Volozh`s company demanded to return the yandex.com domain, bought by third parties, the defendant stated that the word «Yandex» was already synonymous with the search and became a household word in Russia.^[76]

Since late 2012, the Yandex search engine has outperformed the number of Google users on the Google Chrome browser in Russia.^[77][78]

Logo[edit]

The Yandex logo appears in numerous settings to identify the search engine company. Yandex has relied on several logos since its renaming, with the first logo created by Arkady Volozh and debuted in 1997^[79] on Яndex.Site and Яndex.CD products, even before the announcement of the Yandex search engine. The logo was designed analog to the CompTek logo.

Since 1997 the logos are designed by Art. Lebedev Studios, — which designed four versions. The current logo uses Cyrillic words.^[80]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Official website

Yandex Search

English version logo
Type of site	Web search engine
Available in	Multilingual
Owner	Yandex
Created by	Arkady Volozh Arkady Borkovsky Ilya Segalovich
URL	Yandex.com
Commercial	Yes
Registration	Optional
Current status	Active

Yandex Search (Russian: Яндекс) is a search engine. It is owned by Yandex, based in Russia. In January 2015, Yandex Search generated 51.2% of all of the search traffic in Russia according to LiveInternet [ru; uk].^[1]

About[edit]

The search technology provides local search results in more than 1,400 cities. Yandex Search also features “parallel” search that presents results from both main web index and specialized information resources, including news, shopping, blogs, images and videos on a single page.

Yandex Search is responsive to real-time queries, recognizing when a query requires the most current information, such as breaking news or the most recent post on Twitter on a particular topic. It also contains some additional features: Wizard Answer, which provides additional information (for example, sports results), spell checker, autocomplete which suggests queries as-you-type, antivirus that detects malware on webpages and so on.^[2]

In May 2010, Yandex launched Yandex.com, a platform for beta testing and improving non-Russian language search.^[3]

The search product can be accessed from personal computers, mobile phones, tablets and other digital devices. In addition to web search, Yandex provides a wide range of specialized search services.

In 2009, Yandex launched MatrixNet, a new method of machine learning that significantly improves the relevance of search results. It allows the Yandex’ search engine to take into account a very large number of factors when it makes the decision about relevancy of search results.^[4]

Another technology, Spectrum, was launched in 2010. It allows inferring implicit queries and returning matching search results. The system automatically analyses users’ searches and identifies objects like personal names, films or cars. Proportions of the search results responding to different user intents are based on the user demand for these results.^[5]

With the first release on 21 July 2017, Brave web browser features Yandex as one of its default search engines.^[6]

In March 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Yandex and Mail.ru were removed as optional search providers from the Mozilla Firefox browser.^[7]

Functionality[edit]

Overview[edit]

The search engine consists of three main components:^[8]

1. An agent is a search robot. It bypasses the network, downloads and analyzes documents. If a new link is found during site analysis, it falls into the list of web addresses of the robot. Search robots are of the following types: spiders — download sites like the user’s browsers; Crawler — discover new, still unknown links based on the analysis of already known documents; indexers — analyze the detected web pages and add data to the index. Many deflated documents are divided into disjoint parts and are cleared from the markup.
2. Index is a database compiled by search engine indexing robots. Documents are searched in the index.
3. Search engine. The search request from the user is sent to the least loaded server after analyzing the load of the search system.^[9][10] To provide such an opportunity, Yandex servers are clustered. Then, the user request is processed by a program called «Metapoisk».^[10] Metapoisk analyzes the request in real time: it determines the geographic location of the user, conducts linguistic analysis, etc. The program also determines whether the request belongs to the category of the most popular or recently defined.The issuance of such requests for some time is stored in the memory (cache) of the metasearch, and in case of a match, previously saved results are displayed.^[10] If the request is rare and there are no matches in the cache, the system redirects it to the Basic Search program. It analyzes the system index, which is also divided into different duplicate servers (this speeds up the procedure). Then the received information again falls into meta-search, the data is ranked and shown to the user in a final form.^[9]

Indexing[edit]

In general, Yandex indexes the following file types:^[11] html, pdf, rtf, doc, xls, ppt, docx, odt, odp, ods, odg, xlsx, pptx.

The search engine is also able to index text inside Shockwave Flash objects (if the text is not placed on the image itself), if these elements are transferred as a separate page, which has the MIME type application/x-shockwave-flash , and files with the extension .swf^[12]

Yandex has 2 scanning robots — the “main” and the “fast”. The first is responsible for the whole Internet, the second indexes sites with frequently changing and updating information (news sites and news agencies). In 2010, the “fast” robot received a new technology called “Orange”, developed jointly by the California and Moscow divisions of Yandex.^[12]

Since 2009, Yandex has supported Sitemaps technology.^[12]

Server logs[edit]

In the server logs, Yandex robots are represented as follows:^[13]

• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexBot/3.0) is the main indexing robot.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexBot/3.0; MirrorDetector) — a robot that detects site mirrors. If there are several sites with the same content, only one will be shown in the search results.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexImages/3.0) — indexer Yandex. Images.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexVideo/3.0) — indexer Yandex. Video.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexMedia/3.0) — indexer multimedia data.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexBlogs/0.99; robot) is a search robot that indexes post comments.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexAddurl/2.0) — is a search robot hat indexes pages through the «Add URL» form.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexDirect/2.0; Dyatel) — checking Yandex. Direct.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexMetrika/2.0) — indexer Yandex. Metrics.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexCatalog/3.0; Dyatel) — checking Yandex. Catalog.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexNews/3.0) — indexer Yandex. News.
• Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; YandexAntivirus/2.0) — Yandex anti-virus robot.

Query language[edit]

The following operators are used for setting:

• "" — exact quote
• | — enter between words, if you need to find one of them
• * — enter between words, if some word is missing
• site: — search on a specific site
• date: — search for documents by date, for example, date: 2007
• + — enter before the word, that should be in the document

Search results[edit]

Yandex, automatically, along with the original “exact form” of the query, searches for its various variations and formulations.^[14]

The Yandex search takes into account the morphology of the Russian language, therefore, regardless of the form of the word in the search query, the search will be performed for all word forms. If morphological analysis is undesirable, you can put an exclamation mark (!) Before the word — the search in this case will show only the specific form of the word. In addition, the search query practically does not take into account the so-called stop-words, that is, prepositions, punctuation, pronouns, etc., due to their wide distribution^[8]

As a rule, abbreviations are automatically disclosing, spelling is correcting. It also searches for synonyms (mobile — cellular). The extension of the original user request depends on the context. Expansion does not occur when a set of highly specialized terms, names of proper names of companies (for example, OJSC “Hippo” — OJSC “Hippopotamus”), adding the word “price”, in exact quotes (these are queries highlighted with typewriter quotes).^[14]

Search results for each user are formed individually based on their location, language of a query, interests and preferences based on the results of previous and current search sessions. However, the key factor in ranking search results is their relevance to the search query.^[15] Relevance is determined based on a ranking formula, which is constantly updated based on machine learning algorithms.

The search is performed in Russian, English, French, German, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Tatar, Kazakh.

Search results can be sorted by relevance and by date (buttons below the search results).

The page with the search results consists of 10 links with short annotations — “snippets”. The snippets includes a text comment, link, address, popular sections of the site, pages on social networks, etc.^[16] As an alternative to snippets, Yandex introduced in 2014 a new interface called “Islands”.^[17]

Yandex implements the “parallel searches” mechanism, when together with a web search, a search is performed on Yandex services, such as Catalog, News, Market, Encyclopedias, Images, etc. As a result, in response to a user’s request, the system shows not only textual information, but also links to video files, pictures, dictionary entries, etc.^[18]

A distinctive feature of the search engine is also the technology of «intent search» that mean a search for solving a problem.^[19] Intent search elements are — dialog prompts in case of ambiguous request, automatic text translation, information about the characteristics of the requested car, etc. For example, when you request “Boris Grebenshchikov — Golden City”, the system will show a form for online listening to music from the Yandex Music service, at the request of «st. Koroleva 12 » will be shown a fragment of the map with the marked object on it.

Spam and virus protection[edit]

In 2013, Yandex was considered by some to be the safest search engine at the time and the third most secure among all web resources.^[20] By 2016, Yandex had slipped down to third with Google being first.^[21]

Checking web pages and warning users appeared on Yandex in 2009: since then, on the search results page, next to a dangerous site there is a note “This site may threaten the security of your computer”.^[22] Two technologies at once are used to detect threats. The first was purchased from the American antivirus Sophos and based on a signature approach: that means, when accessing a web page, the antivirus system also accesses a database of already known viruses and malware. This approach is fast, but practically powerless against new viruses that have not yet entered the database. Therefore, Yandex along with the signature also uses its own antivirus complex, based on an analysis of the behavioral factor. The Yandex program, when accessing the site, checks whether the latter requested additional files from the browser, redirected it to an extraneous resource, etc. Thus, if information is received that the site begins to perform certain actions (cascading style sheets, JavaScript modules are launched and complete programs) without user permission, it is placed in the “black list” and in the database of virus signatures.^[23] Information about the infection of the site appears in the search results, and through the Yandex.Webmaster service the owner of the site receives a notification. After the first check, Yandex does the second, and if the infection information is confirmed a second time, the checks will be more frequent until the threat is eliminated. The total number of infected sites in the Yandex database does not exceed 1%.^[22]

Every day in 2013, Yandex checks 23 million web pages (while detecting 4,300 dangerous sites) and shows users 8 million warnings.^[24] Approximately one billion sites are checked monthly.^[22]

Search ranking[edit]

For a long time, the key ranking factor for Yandex was the number of third-party links to a particular site. Each page on the Internet was assigned a unique citation index, similar to the index for authors of scientific articles: the more links, the better. A similar mechanism was implemented in the Yandex and in the Google’s PageRank. In order to prevent cheating, Yandex uses multivariate analysis, in which only 70 of the 800 factors are affected by the number of third-party links. Today, the content of the site and the presence or absence of keywords there, the ease of reading the text, the name of the domain, its history and the presence of multimedia content play a much greater role.

On 5 December 2013 Yandex announced a complete refusal of accounting the link factor in the future.^[25]

Search hints[edit]

As the user types the query in the search bar, the search engine offers hints in the form of a drop-down list. Hints appear even before the search results appears and allow you to refine the query, correct the layout or typo, or go directly to the site you are looking for. For each user, hints are generated based on the history of their search queries using the My Finds service. In 2012, the so-called “Smart Search Hints” appeared, which instantly give out information about the main constants (equator length, speed of light, and so on), traffic jams, and have a built-in calculator. In addition, a translator was integrated in the “Hints” (the query “love in French” instantly gives out amour, affection ), the schedule and results of football matches, exchange rates, weather forecasts and more. You can find out the exact time by asking «what time is it.» In 2011, Hints in the search for Yandex became completely local to 83 regions of Russia.^[26]

In addition to the actual search, Hints are built into Yandex search engines. Dictionaries ”,“ Yandex. Market ”,“ Yandex. Maps «and other Yandex services.

The hint function is a consequence of the development of the technology of intent search and first appeared on Yandex.Bar in August 2007, and in October 2008 it was introduced on the main page of the search engine.^[27] Available both in the desktop and mobile versions of the site, Yandex shows its users more than a billion search hints per day^[28]

History[edit]

Changes in the search engine for a long time were not widely represented and remained nameless. And only from the beginning of 2008, when the launch of algorithm 8 SP1 was announced, Yandex announced that henceforth the new ranking algorithms will bear the names of cities.^[29]

1990s[edit]

The name of the system — Yandex, — was invented together by Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich.^[30] The word stands for yet another indexer (or as “ I am («ya« in Russian language) and index )”. According to the interpretation of Artemy Lebedev, the name of the search engine is consonant with Yandeks, where yang means the masculine beginning,^[31]

The yandex.ru search engine was announced by CompTek on 23 September 1997^[32] at the Softool exhibition, although some developments in the field of search (Bible indexing, searching for documents on CD-ROM, site search) were carried out by the company even earlier. The first index contained information on 5 thousand servers and occupied 4.5 GB.^[33]

In the same 1997, the search for Yandex began to be used in the Russian version of Internet Explorer 4.0.^[34][35] It became possible to query in natural language.^[36]

In 1998, the function “find similar documents” appeared for each search result.^[37]

“Yandex. Search ”as of 1998 worked on three machines running on FreeBSD under Apache: one machine crawled the Internet and indexed documents, one search engine, and one machine duplicated the search engine.^[38]

In 1999, a search appeared in the categories — search, a combination of a search engine and a catalog.^[39] The version of the search engine was updated.^[40]

2000[edit]

On 6 June 2000 the second version of the search engine was presented.^[41] A parallel search mechanism was introduced, and along with the issuance, information was offered from large sources. Users were able to limit the search results to the selected topic. The heading “Popular finds” appeared — words that refine the search.^[42]

In December 2000, the volume of indexed information reached 355.22 GB.^[43]

2001[edit]

In 2001, Yandex overtook another Russian search engine, Rambler, in terms of attendance, and became the leading search engine of Runet.^[44][45] Yandex began to understand requests in a natural language that were asked in interrogative form. The system has learned to recognize typos and suggest correcting them. The design has changed.^[46]

2002[edit]

The number of daily queries to the Yandex search engine exceeded 2 million^[47]

2003[edit]

Indexing .rtf and .pdf documents was launched.^[48] Search results began to be issued including in XML format.^[49]

2004[edit]

The ranking algorithm has changed.^[50]

Yandex began indexing documents in .swf (Flash).^[51]xls and .ppt formats.^[52]

At the end of the year, the study “Some Aspects of Full-Text Search and Ranking in Yandex” was published (authors Ilya Segalovich, Mikhail Maslov ), which revealed certain ranking details in a search engine.^[53]

2005[edit]

In summer, the so-called “fast” search robot was launched, working in parallel with the actual pages intended for indexing. The base of the «fast robot» is updated every 1.5–2 hours.^[54]

The ranking algorithm has been improved to increase search accuracy.^[55]

Search capabilities have been expanded with the help of Yandex. Dictionaries ”and“ Yandex. Lingvo «. The search engine has learned to understand queries like “What is [something] in Spanish” and automatically translate them.

It became possible to limit search results by region.^[56]

2006[edit]

Since May 2006, site icons have been displayed in the search results.^[57]

In early December, next to each link in the results of search appeared the item “Saved copy”, clicking on which, the user goes to a full copy of the page in a special archive database (“Yandex cache”).^[58]

2007[edit]

Ranking algorithm changed again.^[59]

2008[edit]

In 2008, Yandex for the first time began to openly announce changes in the search algorithm and started to name the changes with the names of Russian cities.^[60] The name of the “city” of each subsequent algorithm begins with the letter that the name of the previous one ended with.^[61]

2020[edit]

In April 2020, the search engine started artificially placing negative commentary about Navalny on the top positions in its search results for his name.^[62] Yandex declared this was part of an «experiment» and returned to presenting organic search results.^[63][64][65]

Achievements[edit]

According to media expert Mikhail Gurevich, Yandex is a “national treasure”, a “strategic product”.^[66]

This fact was also recognized in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, where in May 2012 a bill appeared in which Yandex and VKontakte are recognized by strategic enterprises as national information translators.^[67] In 2009, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev initiated the purchase of a “golden share” of Yandex by Sberbank in order to avoid an important nationwide company falling into foreign hands.^[68] In November 2019 Sberbank announced that it would give up its golden share,^[69] and the following month Yandex shareholders voted to approve a corporate restructuring backed by the Russian government which would invest control of the golden share in a new public interest foundation, to be implemented by the end of the first quarter of 2020, after Sberbank had previously agreed to sell the golden share for one euro.^[70]

In 2012, Yandex overtook Channel One in terms of daily audience, which made the Yandex a leader in the domestic media market.^[67] In 2013, Yandex confirmed this status, overtaking First in terms of revenue.^[71]

In 2008, Yandex was the ninth search engine in the world,^[72] in 2009 the seventh,^[73] and in 2013 the fourth.^[74]

One of the components of this situation is the presence in Russia of a sufficient number of mathematically savvy specialists with a scientific instinct.^[75]

By 2002, the word Yandex became so common that when Arkady Volozh`s company demanded to return the yandex.com domain, bought by third parties, the defendant stated that the word «Yandex» was already synonymous with the search and became a household word in Russia.^[76]

Since late 2012, the Yandex search engine has outperformed the number of Google users on the Google Chrome browser in Russia.^[77][78]

Logo[edit]

The Yandex logo appears in numerous settings to identify the search engine company. Yandex has relied on several logos since its renaming, with the first logo created by Arkady Volozh and debuted in 1997^[79] on Яndex.Site and Яndex.CD products, even before the announcement of the Yandex search engine. The logo was designed analog to the CompTek logo.

Since 1997 the logos are designed by Art. Lebedev Studios, — which designed four versions. The current logo uses Cyrillic words.^[80]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Official website

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