Как пишется правильно ивеко

Автомобили «Ивеко» (страна-производитель – Италия) выпускает один из крупнейших мировых концернов. Он до сих пор динамично развивается, вводя все новые технологии.

История концерна «Ивеко»

История концерна, который изготавливает автомобили «Ивеко», чья страна-производитель – Италия, берет свое начало с ноября 1974 г. В этот год было подписано соглашение с машиностроительным немецким холдингом о выделении из его владения одного из отделений, которое перешло под руководство FIAT.

В результате была создана компания «Ивеко». Она быстро выросла до уровня холдинга и начала производить грузовые автомобили.

Об «Ивеко»

IVECO называлась в расшифровке Корпорацией автомобилей для промышленного назначения. Формально холдинг состоял из двух компаний, но еще вошли итальянские и французские подразделения. Главный офис IVECO находился в Амстердаме. Получилось, что холдинг объединил 5 итальянских автопроизводителей:

• ОМ.
• Lancia Veicoli Speciali.
• Fiat (грузовое подразделение).
• Unic.
• Magirus Deutz.

Развитие концерна

Для сохранения наилучших черт каждой компании руководство концерна решило продолжить направления, которыми занимались фирмы до слияния. В результате грузовики под прежним брендом постоянно появлялись в телевизионных роликах о строительстве «Ивеко».

Страна-производитель марки очень этим гордилась. Другая компания продолжила изготовление высокопроизводительных двигателей, которыми оснащается техника. Через одну из фирм холдинг вышел на «Клуб четырех». В него также входили компании «Савиэм», «ДАФ» и «Вольво».

Объем производства

В результате грузовики «Ивеко», страна-производитель которых оставалась прежней, стали оснащаться легкими и современными кабинами над двигателями. И только за первый год было произведено 95000 автомобилей. В распоряжении концерна оказалась программа по изготовлению грузовиков разного класса, отличающихся конструкциями. Холдинг решил прекратить производство почти 50 процентов моделей и отказался от выпуска аналогов в других странах.

Переходный период в развитии холдинга

Началось время, когда одни марки автомобилей оснащались кабинами и агрегатами других моделей. Производство постоянно перемещалось на разные заводы в поисках наилучших технологических решений. Возникли споры по поводу двух разновидностей дизельных двигателей. Победителем вышло подразделение «Фиата», предложив мощные моторы с жидким охлаждением.

В переходный период автомобили «Ивеко», страна-производитель которых оказывала всяческую поддержку, выпускались под разными марками, которые присоединялись к названию концерна (например, IVECO-FIAT) и т. д. Но, несмотря на сопутствующие в развитии компании проблемы, в 1978 году холдинг увеличил объемы производства. Этот рост продолжился и в 1979-ом.

Собственный модельный ряд концерна

На сегодняшний день кто производит «Ивеко»? Страна-производитель – все та же Италия. Концерн уже давно специализируется на грузовых автомобилях. Он начал производство собственного модельного ряда. Сначала появилась легкая серия «Дейли». Масса автомобилей была от 3,1 до 4,5 тонн. Разработана модель была в Брешии. На юге Италии в г. Фоджия было заключено соглашение о постоянном производстве этих автомобилей. Было налажено массовое изготовление 4-х цилиндрового дизельного мотора 8140 с непосредственным впрыском.

С 1978 года. двигатель начал устанавливаться на заднеприводных грузовиках полукапотной компоновки. Это были первые в мире легкие развозные автомобили, вошедшие в массовое производство. В основу грузовиков входили рамные шасси, имеющие 4-х или 5-ти ступенчатую коробку передач. На авто были установлены дисковые тормоза и независимая торсионная подвеска, а также двухконтурная система тормозного гидропривода.

Модельный ряд 49 включал автомобили до 2,3 т с цельнометаллическими фургонами. Потом появились грузовики до 5 тонн, оборудованные сильными двигателями с трубонаддувом. С 80-х годов все авто модельного ряда получили предкамерный мотор, который был увеличен ходом поршня на 2 мм. Затем последовала серия «ТурбоДейли». Она получила сглаженную кабину и похожую радиаторную решетку.

В 1989 г. эти модели составляли 2 процента европейского автопарка. А модельный ряд «Ивеко-Дейли» (производитель – страна Италия) насчитывал 59 вариантов. Бескапотные авто до средней грузоподъемности формировались на основе прежних марок ОМ и «Фиата». Затем последовала партия Z («Дзета»). Их было до 100 вариантов моделей с массой от 5 до 10 тонн. Двигатели стояли прежние – от 85 до 135 лошадиных сил.

Полноприводные модели «Ивеко», страна-производитель которых – Италия, остались без значительных изменений. На базе «Фиата» началось производство средней гаммы, которая получила движки 8060. К концу 80-х из них остались только более современные модели. Появился новый ряд «ТурбоДзета». Модельный ряд авто насчитывал свыше 100 вариантов.

Тяжелые грузовики (фирма) «Ивеко»

Страна-производитель этой модели не меняется уже много лет. Концерн начал разработку тяжелых грузовиков в 1976 году. Кабины были открывающимися и имели спальные места. Моторы в этой серии вскоре были усовершенствованы 6-ти цилиндровыми 8210. А благодаря установке турбонагнетателя появилось целое семейство моторов от 340 до 380 лошадиных сил. Эти движки в 1980 г. вошли в основу серии «Турбо», которая имела 22 варианта бортовых грузовиков и тягачей. Они отличались вместительностью кабин и размерами колесной базы.

В 1981 г. появился тягач «ТурбоСтар» с движком 8280.42. Эта модель стала основой для других тяжелых авто «Ивеко». С 1989-го начал использоваться мотор с промежуточным охлаждением наддува. В результате мощность движка повысилась до 476 л. с. Потом появились новые модели грузовиков из двух- и трехосных авто с массой от 24 до 33 тонн. Они были оснащены итальянскими движками с жидким охлаждением. Старые модели применялись в основном только для строительства.

Завершение формирования холдинга

Формирование «Ивеко» было завершено к 1983 году. Большинство автомобилей стали выпускаться под брендом холдинга. И он начал второй этап расширения, вливая в себя другие компании и создавая новые производства (югославские, австрийские заводы и т.д.). Была налажена лицензионная сборка автомобилей «Ивеко». В 90-е годы филиалы холдинга появились в России и на Украине. Пожарные авто «Ивеко» (страна-производитель – Италия) начали выпускать также и в Германии. В результате «Ивеко» стал крупнейшим транснациональным концерном.

В 1996 г. было выпущено третье поколение «Дейли», а в 1999-ом – четвертое. Оно имеет модельный ряд из 3000 вариантов. Этим грузовикам была присвоена награда «Фургон 2000 года». А новая серия «ЮроКарго» получила титул «Грузовик 1992 года». Тяжелая серия «ЮроТек» получила в 1993 г. высшую награду. Модельный ряд «ЮроТраккер» имеет 700 вариантов комплектации.

В 1999 г. появились «ЮроМувер», низкорамные шасси, имеющие коробку-автомат. В этом же году на предприятиях холдинга «Ивеко» было произведено 140000 грузовиков, модельный ряд которых насчитывал 4500 вариантов. А по количеству авто с массой свыше 6 т концерн вышел на 9 место в мире. В результате холдинг стал компанией, определяющей мировой прогресс.

Клиентура

В штаб-квартире «Ивеко» (Турин) заверяют, что залог успеха концерна – не только отлично налаженное производство, но и забота о клиентах. Конструкторы занимаются совершенствованием автомобилей, технологи – производством, а другие департаменты обновляют сервисную систему компании.

Например, имеется программа «Виртуальный класс», по которой обучают механиков всех сервисов «Ивеко». В этой программе зарегистрированы практически все неисправности, их причины, указано, что поменять, и как это выглядит. Сотрудники концерна утверждают, что программа в десятки раз повысила понимание машины.

ИВЕКО

Синонимы:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Type	Public
Traded as	BIT: IVG
Industry	Automotive
Founded	1 January 1975; 48 years ago
Headquarters	Amsterdam , Netherlands
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Gerrit Marx (CEO)
Products	Trucks
Revenue	€12,600,000,000 (2021)
Owner	Exor N.V. (27.1%)
Number of employees	Approximately 34,000 (2021)
Subsidiaries	Transportation Naveco (50%) SAIC Iveco Hongyan (9.04%) Industrial FPT Industrial Saic-Iveco FPT Hongyan
Website	iveco.com

IVECO, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian, French, and German brands.^[1] Its production plants are in Europe, China, Russia, Australia and Latin America and it has about 5,000 sales and service outlets in over 160 countries. The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about €10 billion.^[2]

The company was spun-off from CNH Industrial on 1 January 2022. It is subsidiary of Iveco Group N.V., a holding company incorporated in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and is listed on Borsa Italiana.

History[edit]

IVECO was incorporated on 1 January 1975, with the merger of five different brands: FIAT Veicoli Industriali (with headquarters in Turin), OM (Brescia, Italy), Lancia Veicoli Speciali (Italy), Unic (France), and Magirus-Deutz (Germany).^[3]

Following the merger, the newly founded IVECO began rationalizing its product range, manufacturing plants, and sales network, while keeping the original brands. From 1975 to 1979, the IVECO range included 200 basic models and 600 versions spanning from 2.7 tons of GVW for a light vehicle to over 40 tons for heavy vehicles, as well as buses and engines.^[4][5] In 1977, the light- to medium-weight IVECO Zeta range was introduced, replacing the 20-year-old OM Lupetto. Integrating the FIAT-OM range with the Unic and Magirus lineups was completed by 1980.^[6] IVECO moved in to work on increasing productivity and engine development.^[6] In 1978, IVECO launched the first product in the range of IVECO-branded light vehicles, the Daily.^[7]

In 1980, IVECO built a turbo diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.^[8] In this decade the corporate strategy was heavily oriented towards brand promotion and led to the sponsorship of sports events, such as the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, the Davis Cup in 1982, multiple championship boxing matches, the Jacques Cousteau expeditions in the Amazon basin in 1983 and the Raid Pigafetta, during which the IVECO-FIAT 75 PC 4×4 was first to make a full circle of the globe.^[9] Two new divisions were also formed: bus diesel engines and firefighting vehicles.^[10]

In 1984, IVECO launched the TurboStar,^[11] a heavy on-road vehicle that became a best-seller in Italy and also successful in the European market, selling a total of 50,000 in seven years.^[12]

In 1985, IVECO made the first light diesel engine with direct injection.^[13]

From 1986, IVECO S.p.A. held a 52% stake in Iveco Ford Truck Ltd, a joint venture (and effectively a merger) with Ford of Europe’s truck division. Ford plants took over production and sales of the major vehicles in the IVECO range and continued production of the Ford Cargo.^[14] In the mid-1980s, Astra Veicoli Industriali, which produces dumpers and construction site/quarry vehicles in Piacenza, became part of Iveco Group.^[15]

In 1989, the first diesel engine with EGR to reduce polluting emissions compatible with commercial vehicles was produced, and the new Daily launched that same year was fitted with it.^[14]

In 1990, the group purchased 60% control of Spanish industrial company ENASA, which owned the industrial vehicle builder Pegaso.^[14] In the 1990s, the EuroCargo, EuroTech, EuroTrakker, and EuroStar vehicles represented a total facelift for the range.^[14] The EuroCargo and the EuroTech were named «Truck of the Year» in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and for the first time, this recognition was awarded to the same manufacturer for two years in a row.^[16] English company Seddon Atkinson was purchased in 1991 and brought its long heritage of special vehicles for the construction and refuse-collection industries.^[17] That same year, the first TurboDaily assembly line was inaugurated at the Nanjing Motor Corporation in China.^[18] In 1991, IVECO announced that they were withdrawing from the North American market at the end of the calendar year; they had been selling the midrange Iveco Euro there since 1978.^[19]

In 1992, IVECO took over the primary constructor of industrial vehicles in Australia to form Ital, originally called International Trucks Australia.^[20] In 2000 it was renamed Iveco Trucks Australia Limited.^[17] In 1996 firefighting activities in Germany were structured under the company IVECO Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH.^[21] The following year, these activities were boosted by the arrival of an Austrian company, Löhr, which then became Löhr Magirus.^[17]

In 1998, the Cursor 8 was launched, followed the next year by the Cursor 10, the first diesel engine with a variable-geometry turbine and the first common-rail diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.^[21] The 125th anniversary of the presentation of the first Magirus ladder^[22] was celebrated together with the delivery of the 5000th Magirus aerial ladder produced since the Second World War.^[21]

In 2003, IVECO entirely bought out Irisbus, originally part of a joint venture with Renault.^[23] In 2004, the IVECO Motors brand was introduced, which became an umbrella for the production of engines; the following year, it was incorporated into the newly founded Fiat Powertrain Technologies. At the end of 2004, an agreement was reached between Iveco and the Chinese company Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC).^[24]

In 2006, Iveco sponsored the Winter Olympic Games in Turin with a fleet of 1,200 Irisbus buses.^[25] The year after, IVECO became sponsor of the All Blacks, New Zealand’s rugby team.^[26] In 2009, IVECO became the truck and commercial vehicle supplier for the Moto GP,^[27] together with the historical sponsorship to the Ferrari Racing Team, for which it supplies the vehicles that transport the single-seaters at all the Formula 1 World Championship races.^[28]

On 1 January 2011, Fiat Industrial was formed, incorporating CNH, IVECO, and FPT Industrial.^[29] In September of the same year, the Fiat Industrial Village was inaugurated in Turin, a multipurpose centre belonging to Fiat Industrial and created for the sales, assistance, and product presentation for the IVECO, New Holland, and FPT Industrial brands.^[30]
On 15 January 2012, IVECO won the 33rd edition of the Dakar Rally with the Petronas De Rooy team and Dutch driver Gerard De Rooy, behind the wheel of an IVECO Powerstar. De Rooy was followed by drivers Stacey and Biasion behind the wheel of two Iveco Trakker Evolution 2 vehicles, equipped with an FPT Industrial C13 engine with over 900 hp.^[31]

On 11 November 2021, Iveco published the prospectus in order to split from CNH Industrial which will be operated as a publicly separated company named Iveco Group N.V.^[32] After the completion of the demerger, on 1 January 2022 IVECO became a part of Iveco Group N.V., the parent company of the trucks and specialty vehicles, powertrain and related financial services businesses previously held by CNH Industrial.

Facilities[edit]

IVECO has 27 production plants and 6 research centres located in 16 countries. Outside of Europe, the company operates in China, Russia, Australia (Factory ceased production in June 2022), South Africa^[33] and Latin America. All the plants have obtained ISO 9001-vision 2000 (quality management by process) and ISO 14000 (environmental management) certification.

Joint-ventures[edit]

• Naveco (Nanjing, China), production trucks by Naveco brand
• SAIC-Iveco Hongyan (Chongqing, China), production trucks by Hongyan brand

Emissions and alternative fuels[edit]

Euro VI engines with SCR technology[edit]

IVECO engines from the Cursor and Tector ranges observe the Euro VI standards^{[34][unreliable source?]} by adopting High Efficiency SCR (HI-eSCR) technology.^{[35][unreliable source?]} This technology optimises the processes of exhaust combustion and after-treatment, reducing consumption and enabling achievement of greater efficiency in the conversion of NOx emissions.^{[36][unreliable source?]}

Electric drive[edit]

IVECO developed and built the first Daily with electric propulsion in 1986;^[37] Later, the range was broadened to include trucks and city buses.^[38] IVECO introduced the New Daily with electric propulsion and zero exhaust emissions, in which a battery system powers an electric three-phase asynchronous motor – through the aid of an inverter – in charge of moving the vehicle directly, while recovering energy during braking.^{[39][unreliable source?]}
The vehicle runs on two to four batteries made with Na/NiCl2 (Sodium-nickel chlorine) technology at a nominal 278 Volts.^[39] The maximum velocity is electronically limited to 70 km/h, while the vehicle’s range is from 90 to 130 km on a fully charged battery, depending on the number of batteries and the mission.^[39]

Diesel-electric parallel hybrid traction[edit]

The parallel hybrid solution incorporates both a Diesel engine and an electric engine that can be used individually or simultaneously, which makes for greater operating flexibility and allows the vehicle to work under both urban and non-urban conditions.^[40]
In 2010 IVECO introduced this technology on the Eurocargo Ibrido, a commercial vehicle for the European market with electri-diesel parallel propulsion for distributing and collecting goods in city centres. The payload capacity decreases by 200 kg in comparison to diesel-engine models, but it is possible to save up to 30% on the urban cycle.^{[41][unreliable source?][42]}
The Eurocargo hybrid range is made up of two versions:

1. the 7.5-ton version uses a Tector Diesel FPT Industrial engine with 16 valves and 4 Euro V cylinders, with a maximum power of 160 hp (118 kW); this is paired with a drive system made of an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.^[42]
2. The 12-ton version uses the FPT Industrial Tector engine with 16 valves and 4 EEV cylinders with a maximum power of 180 hp (132 kW), paired with an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gear box and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.^[42]

Diesel-electric hybrid[edit]

IVECO has been active in this sector since 1990 with 6, 7, 4 and 12 meters buses for urban and suburban transportation. The series hybrid technology features a diesel engine – smaller than that of a traditional vehicle – that acts as a battery charger.^[43]

CNG – compressed natural gas[edit]

IVECO’s range of light, medium and heavy vehicles and buses can run on methane.
Methane makes it possible to save on consumption by 38% per kg transported as compared to that consumed by diesel engines for the same payload and distance travelled. In addition, compared to Euro VI diesel engines, methane engines reduce NOx emissions by approximately 60% and particulates emissions by approximately 70%.^[44]

LNG – liquefied natural gas[edit]

In April 2012 IVECO presented its first vehicle with this technology, the Stralis LNG.
As opposed to vehicles with CNG technology, LNG technology takes the vehicle farther on a full tank (up to 750 km) and reduces the vehicle’s tare thus increasing the load. The main difference between the two technologies lies in the type of natural gas storage employed, which in this case is kept in a liquid state at −161 °C in cryogenic tanks; it is then heated in a heat exchanger so that once it reaches the engine it is a gas.^[45] Also, the noise emitted decreases by 3 to 6 decibels over an analogous diesel engine vehicle.^[46]

IVECO Trakker Bifuel – diesel-ethanol prototype[edit]

IVECO created the first prototype of a bifuel, diesel and ethanol-run vehicle. The technology was developed by IVECO together with FPT Industrial and Bosch.^{[47][unreliable source?]} The prototype uses a Trakker truck with Common Rail Cursor 9 engine with 360 HP^[47] that may be powered by a 40–60% ethanol-diesel blend.^[48] The prototype was tested by Raízen, a joint venture between the cane sugar producer Cosan and Shell.^[48]
In 2011, this prototype earned IVECO the «Prêmio Top Etanol» – for the alternative fuel technology.^[47]

Heating and air-conditioning systems[edit]

A prototype of a heat pump system for electric and hybrid vehicles was installed on the IVECO Daily vehicle. The system cools or heats the passenger compartment by transferring low temperature heat generated by the drive systems. At the same time, the control strategies minimise the energy demand in order to achieve a low impact on consumption.^[49]

IVECO vehicles[edit]

The brand’s range of products include the Daily, a vehicle that covers the 3.3 – 7.2 ton vehicle weight segment, the Eurocargo from 6 – 19 tons and, in the heavy segment above 16 tons, the IVECO Way range with the on-road IVECO S-Way, the off-road IVECO T-Way and the IVECO X-Way for light off-road missions.

Current models[edit]

Former models[edit]

[edit]

Iveco has in the past sponsored many major professional boxing events, including, in each case, the first of two fights between Sugar Ray Leonard and Tommy Hearns^[50] and between Aaron Pryor and Alexis Arguello.^[51]

Gallery[edit]

• 

  2014 Iveco Daily 35 S13 Van

• 

  2019 Iveco S-Way

• 

  2015 Iveco Eurocargo

• 

  2017 Iveco Tector

• 

  2018 Iveco 682

• 

  2007 Iveco Stralis

• 

  2016 Iveco Trakker

• 

  2016 Iveco Bus Evadys

• 

  2017 Iveco Bus Crossway

• 

  2018 Iveco Stralis X-Way

See also[edit]

• IVECO Bus
• International Association of Public Transport
• List of Italian companies
• Sofim

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• FPT (previously Iveco Motors)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Type	Public
Traded as	BIT: IVG
Industry	Automotive
Founded	1 January 1975; 48 years ago
Headquarters	Amsterdam , Netherlands
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Gerrit Marx (CEO)
Products	Trucks
Revenue	€12,600,000,000 (2021)
Owner	Exor N.V. (27.1%)
Number of employees	Approximately 34,000 (2021)
Subsidiaries	Transportation Naveco (50%) SAIC Iveco Hongyan (9.04%) Industrial FPT Industrial Saic-Iveco FPT Hongyan
Website	iveco.com

IVECO, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian, French, and German brands.^[1] Its production plants are in Europe, China, Russia, Australia and Latin America and it has about 5,000 sales and service outlets in over 160 countries. The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about €10 billion.^[2]

The company was spun-off from CNH Industrial on 1 January 2022. It is subsidiary of Iveco Group N.V., a holding company incorporated in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and is listed on Borsa Italiana.

History[edit]

IVECO was incorporated on 1 January 1975, with the merger of five different brands: FIAT Veicoli Industriali (with headquarters in Turin), OM (Brescia, Italy), Lancia Veicoli Speciali (Italy), Unic (France), and Magirus-Deutz (Germany).^[3]

Following the merger, the newly founded IVECO began rationalizing its product range, manufacturing plants, and sales network, while keeping the original brands. From 1975 to 1979, the IVECO range included 200 basic models and 600 versions spanning from 2.7 tons of GVW for a light vehicle to over 40 tons for heavy vehicles, as well as buses and engines.^[4][5] In 1977, the light- to medium-weight IVECO Zeta range was introduced, replacing the 20-year-old OM Lupetto. Integrating the FIAT-OM range with the Unic and Magirus lineups was completed by 1980.^[6] IVECO moved in to work on increasing productivity and engine development.^[6] In 1978, IVECO launched the first product in the range of IVECO-branded light vehicles, the Daily.^[7]

In 1980, IVECO built a turbo diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.^[8] In this decade the corporate strategy was heavily oriented towards brand promotion and led to the sponsorship of sports events, such as the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, the Davis Cup in 1982, multiple championship boxing matches, the Jacques Cousteau expeditions in the Amazon basin in 1983 and the Raid Pigafetta, during which the IVECO-FIAT 75 PC 4×4 was first to make a full circle of the globe.^[9] Two new divisions were also formed: bus diesel engines and firefighting vehicles.^[10]

In 1984, IVECO launched the TurboStar,^[11] a heavy on-road vehicle that became a best-seller in Italy and also successful in the European market, selling a total of 50,000 in seven years.^[12]

In 1985, IVECO made the first light diesel engine with direct injection.^[13]

From 1986, IVECO S.p.A. held a 52% stake in Iveco Ford Truck Ltd, a joint venture (and effectively a merger) with Ford of Europe’s truck division. Ford plants took over production and sales of the major vehicles in the IVECO range and continued production of the Ford Cargo.^[14] In the mid-1980s, Astra Veicoli Industriali, which produces dumpers and construction site/quarry vehicles in Piacenza, became part of Iveco Group.^[15]

In 1989, the first diesel engine with EGR to reduce polluting emissions compatible with commercial vehicles was produced, and the new Daily launched that same year was fitted with it.^[14]

In 1990, the group purchased 60% control of Spanish industrial company ENASA, which owned the industrial vehicle builder Pegaso.^[14] In the 1990s, the EuroCargo, EuroTech, EuroTrakker, and EuroStar vehicles represented a total facelift for the range.^[14] The EuroCargo and the EuroTech were named «Truck of the Year» in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and for the first time, this recognition was awarded to the same manufacturer for two years in a row.^[16] English company Seddon Atkinson was purchased in 1991 and brought its long heritage of special vehicles for the construction and refuse-collection industries.^[17] That same year, the first TurboDaily assembly line was inaugurated at the Nanjing Motor Corporation in China.^[18] In 1991, IVECO announced that they were withdrawing from the North American market at the end of the calendar year; they had been selling the midrange Iveco Euro there since 1978.^[19]

In 1992, IVECO took over the primary constructor of industrial vehicles in Australia to form Ital, originally called International Trucks Australia.^[20] In 2000 it was renamed Iveco Trucks Australia Limited.^[17] In 1996 firefighting activities in Germany were structured under the company IVECO Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH.^[21] The following year, these activities were boosted by the arrival of an Austrian company, Löhr, which then became Löhr Magirus.^[17]

In 1998, the Cursor 8 was launched, followed the next year by the Cursor 10, the first diesel engine with a variable-geometry turbine and the first common-rail diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.^[21] The 125th anniversary of the presentation of the first Magirus ladder^[22] was celebrated together with the delivery of the 5000th Magirus aerial ladder produced since the Second World War.^[21]

In 2003, IVECO entirely bought out Irisbus, originally part of a joint venture with Renault.^[23] In 2004, the IVECO Motors brand was introduced, which became an umbrella for the production of engines; the following year, it was incorporated into the newly founded Fiat Powertrain Technologies. At the end of 2004, an agreement was reached between Iveco and the Chinese company Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC).^[24]

In 2006, Iveco sponsored the Winter Olympic Games in Turin with a fleet of 1,200 Irisbus buses.^[25] The year after, IVECO became sponsor of the All Blacks, New Zealand’s rugby team.^[26] In 2009, IVECO became the truck and commercial vehicle supplier for the Moto GP,^[27] together with the historical sponsorship to the Ferrari Racing Team, for which it supplies the vehicles that transport the single-seaters at all the Formula 1 World Championship races.^[28]

On 1 January 2011, Fiat Industrial was formed, incorporating CNH, IVECO, and FPT Industrial.^[29] In September of the same year, the Fiat Industrial Village was inaugurated in Turin, a multipurpose centre belonging to Fiat Industrial and created for the sales, assistance, and product presentation for the IVECO, New Holland, and FPT Industrial brands.^[30]
On 15 January 2012, IVECO won the 33rd edition of the Dakar Rally with the Petronas De Rooy team and Dutch driver Gerard De Rooy, behind the wheel of an IVECO Powerstar. De Rooy was followed by drivers Stacey and Biasion behind the wheel of two Iveco Trakker Evolution 2 vehicles, equipped with an FPT Industrial C13 engine with over 900 hp.^[31]

On 11 November 2021, Iveco published the prospectus in order to split from CNH Industrial which will be operated as a publicly separated company named Iveco Group N.V.^[32] After the completion of the demerger, on 1 January 2022 IVECO became a part of Iveco Group N.V., the parent company of the trucks and specialty vehicles, powertrain and related financial services businesses previously held by CNH Industrial.

Facilities[edit]

IVECO has 27 production plants and 6 research centres located in 16 countries. Outside of Europe, the company operates in China, Russia, Australia (Factory ceased production in June 2022), South Africa^[33] and Latin America. All the plants have obtained ISO 9001-vision 2000 (quality management by process) and ISO 14000 (environmental management) certification.

Joint-ventures[edit]

• Naveco (Nanjing, China), production trucks by Naveco brand
• SAIC-Iveco Hongyan (Chongqing, China), production trucks by Hongyan brand

Emissions and alternative fuels[edit]

Euro VI engines with SCR technology[edit]

IVECO engines from the Cursor and Tector ranges observe the Euro VI standards^{[34][unreliable source?]} by adopting High Efficiency SCR (HI-eSCR) technology.^{[35][unreliable source?]} This technology optimises the processes of exhaust combustion and after-treatment, reducing consumption and enabling achievement of greater efficiency in the conversion of NOx emissions.^{[36][unreliable source?]}

Electric drive[edit]

IVECO developed and built the first Daily with electric propulsion in 1986;^[37] Later, the range was broadened to include trucks and city buses.^[38] IVECO introduced the New Daily with electric propulsion and zero exhaust emissions, in which a battery system powers an electric three-phase asynchronous motor – through the aid of an inverter – in charge of moving the vehicle directly, while recovering energy during braking.^{[39][unreliable source?]}
The vehicle runs on two to four batteries made with Na/NiCl2 (Sodium-nickel chlorine) technology at a nominal 278 Volts.^[39] The maximum velocity is electronically limited to 70 km/h, while the vehicle’s range is from 90 to 130 km on a fully charged battery, depending on the number of batteries and the mission.^[39]

Diesel-electric parallel hybrid traction[edit]

The parallel hybrid solution incorporates both a Diesel engine and an electric engine that can be used individually or simultaneously, which makes for greater operating flexibility and allows the vehicle to work under both urban and non-urban conditions.^[40]
In 2010 IVECO introduced this technology on the Eurocargo Ibrido, a commercial vehicle for the European market with electri-diesel parallel propulsion for distributing and collecting goods in city centres. The payload capacity decreases by 200 kg in comparison to diesel-engine models, but it is possible to save up to 30% on the urban cycle.^{[41][unreliable source?][42]}
The Eurocargo hybrid range is made up of two versions:

1. the 7.5-ton version uses a Tector Diesel FPT Industrial engine with 16 valves and 4 Euro V cylinders, with a maximum power of 160 hp (118 kW); this is paired with a drive system made of an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.^[42]
2. The 12-ton version uses the FPT Industrial Tector engine with 16 valves and 4 EEV cylinders with a maximum power of 180 hp (132 kW), paired with an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gear box and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.^[42]

Diesel-electric hybrid[edit]

IVECO has been active in this sector since 1990 with 6, 7, 4 and 12 meters buses for urban and suburban transportation. The series hybrid technology features a diesel engine – smaller than that of a traditional vehicle – that acts as a battery charger.^[43]

CNG – compressed natural gas[edit]

IVECO’s range of light, medium and heavy vehicles and buses can run on methane.
Methane makes it possible to save on consumption by 38% per kg transported as compared to that consumed by diesel engines for the same payload and distance travelled. In addition, compared to Euro VI diesel engines, methane engines reduce NOx emissions by approximately 60% and particulates emissions by approximately 70%.^[44]

LNG – liquefied natural gas[edit]

In April 2012 IVECO presented its first vehicle with this technology, the Stralis LNG.
As opposed to vehicles with CNG technology, LNG technology takes the vehicle farther on a full tank (up to 750 km) and reduces the vehicle’s tare thus increasing the load. The main difference between the two technologies lies in the type of natural gas storage employed, which in this case is kept in a liquid state at −161 °C in cryogenic tanks; it is then heated in a heat exchanger so that once it reaches the engine it is a gas.^[45] Also, the noise emitted decreases by 3 to 6 decibels over an analogous diesel engine vehicle.^[46]

IVECO Trakker Bifuel – diesel-ethanol prototype[edit]

IVECO created the first prototype of a bifuel, diesel and ethanol-run vehicle. The technology was developed by IVECO together with FPT Industrial and Bosch.^{[47][unreliable source?]} The prototype uses a Trakker truck with Common Rail Cursor 9 engine with 360 HP^[47] that may be powered by a 40–60% ethanol-diesel blend.^[48] The prototype was tested by Raízen, a joint venture between the cane sugar producer Cosan and Shell.^[48]
In 2011, this prototype earned IVECO the «Prêmio Top Etanol» – for the alternative fuel technology.^[47]

Heating and air-conditioning systems[edit]

A prototype of a heat pump system for electric and hybrid vehicles was installed on the IVECO Daily vehicle. The system cools or heats the passenger compartment by transferring low temperature heat generated by the drive systems. At the same time, the control strategies minimise the energy demand in order to achieve a low impact on consumption.^[49]

IVECO vehicles[edit]

The brand’s range of products include the Daily, a vehicle that covers the 3.3 – 7.2 ton vehicle weight segment, the Eurocargo from 6 – 19 tons and, in the heavy segment above 16 tons, the IVECO Way range with the on-road IVECO S-Way, the off-road IVECO T-Way and the IVECO X-Way for light off-road missions.

Current models[edit]

Former models[edit]

[edit]

Iveco has in the past sponsored many major professional boxing events, including, in each case, the first of two fights between Sugar Ray Leonard and Tommy Hearns^[50] and between Aaron Pryor and Alexis Arguello.^[51]

Gallery[edit]

• 

  2014 Iveco Daily 35 S13 Van

• 

  2019 Iveco S-Way

• 

  2015 Iveco Eurocargo

• 

  2017 Iveco Tector

• 

  2018 Iveco 682

• 

  2007 Iveco Stralis

• 

  2016 Iveco Trakker

• 

  2016 Iveco Bus Evadys

• 

  2017 Iveco Bus Crossway

• 

  2018 Iveco Stralis X-Way

See also[edit]

• IVECO Bus
• International Association of Public Transport
• List of Italian companies
• Sofim

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• FPT (previously Iveco Motors)

Толковый словарь русского языка. Поиск по слову, типу, синониму, антониму и описанию. Словарь ударений.

ивеко

Type	Public limited company
Industry	Manufacturing
Founded	1975 in Turin
Headquarters	Turin, Piedmont, Italy
Area served	Europe, South America, Costa Rica, Cuba, Middle East, East Asia (China, Taiwan, South Korea), Southeast Asia, Kazakhstan, Australia, New Zealand
Key people	Pierre Lahutte
Products	Heavy commercial vehicles, medium commercial vehicles, light commercial vehicles, quarry/construction site vehicles, special vehicles, city and intercity buses, firefighting vehicles, defence vehicles
Revenue	€4.9 billion
Employees	Approximately 25,000
Parent	CNH Industrial
Subsidiaries	List Transportation Iveco Bus Heuliez Bus Iveco Astra Iveco Magirus Zastava Trucks(46%) Defence Vehicles Iveco China Naveco(50%) Saic-Iveco Hongyan Industrial Saic-Iveco FPT Hongyan Finance Iveco Capital
Website	iveco.com

Iveco, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian industrial vehicle manufacturing company based in Turin, Italy, and entirely controlled by CNH Industrial Group. It designs and builds light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, quarry/construction site vehicles, city and intercity buses and special vehicles for applications such as firefighting, off-road missions, the military and civil defence. The name Iveco first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian, French and German brands.^[1] Its production plants are in Europe, Brazil, Russia, Australia, Africa, Argentina and China, and it has approximately 5,000 points of sales and service in over 160 countries. The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about €10 billion.^[2]

History

Iveco was incorporated on 1 January 1975, with the merger of five different brands: Fiat Veicoli Industriali (with headquarters in Turin), OM (Brescia, Italy), Lancia Veicoli Speciali (Italy), Unic (France) and Magirus-Deutz (Germany).^[3]

Following the merger, the newly founded Iveco began rationalizing its product range, manufacturing plants and sales network, while keeping the original brands. From 1975 to 1979, the Iveco range included 200 basic models and 600 versions spanning from 2.7 tons of GVW for a light vehicle to over 40 tons for heavy vehicles, as well as buses and engines.^[4][5] In 1977 the light to medium-weight Iveco Zeta range was introduced, replacing the twenty-year-old OM Lupetto. Integrating the Fiat-OM range with the Unic and Magirus lineups was completed by 1980.^[6] Iveco moved in to work on increasing productivity and engine development.^[6] In 1978 Iveco launched the first product in the range of Iveco-branded light vehicles, the Daily.^[7]
In 1980 Iveco built the first turbo diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.^[8] In this decade the corporate strategy was heavily oriented towards brand promotion and led to the sponsorship of sports events, such as the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, the Davis Cup in 1982, the Jacques Cousteau expeditions in the Amazon basin in 1983 and the Raid Pigafetta, during which the Iveco-Fiat 75 PC 4×4 was first to make a full circle of the globe.^[9] Two new divisions were also formed: bus diesel engines and firefighting vehicles.^[10]

In 1984 Iveco launched the TurboStar,^[11] a heavy on-road vehicle that became a best-seller in Italy and an important player in the European market, selling a total of 50,000 in seven years.^[12]

In 1985 Iveco made the first light diesel engine with direct injection.^[13]

From 1986, Iveco S.p.A. held a 52% stake in Iveco Ford Truck Ltd, a joint venture (and effectively a merger) with Ford of Europe‘s truck division. Ford plants took over production and sales of the major vehicles in the Iveco range and continued production of the Ford Cargo.^[14] In the mid-1980s, Astra, which produces dumpers and construction site/quarry vehicles in Piacenza, became part of Iveco Group.^[15]

In 1989 the first diesel engine with EGR to reduce polluting emissions compatible with commercial vehicles was produced and the new Daily launched that same year was fitted with it.^[14]

In 1990, the group purchased 60% control of the Spanish industrial company ENASA, which owned the industrial vehicle builder Pegaso.^[14] In the 1990s, the EuroCargo, EuroTech, EuroTrakker and EuroStar vehicles represented a total facelift for the range.^[14] The EuroCargo and the EuroTech were named «Truck of the Year» in 1992 and 1993 respectively and, for the first time, this recognition was awarded to the same manufacturer for two years in a row.^[16] The English company Seddon Atkinson was purchased in 1991 and brought its long heritage of special vehicles for the construction and refuse collection industries.^[17] That same year, the first TurboDaily assembly line was inaugurated at the Nanjing Motor Corporation in China.^[18]

In 1992, Iveco took over the primary constructor of industrial vehicles in Australia to form Ital, originally called International Trucks Australia. In 2000 it was renamed Iveco Trucks Australia Limited.^[17] In 1996 firefighting activities in Germany were structured under the company Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH.^[19] The following year, these activities were boosted by the arrival of an Austrian company, Löhr, which then became Löhr Magirus.^[17]
In 1998 Cursor 8 was launched, followed the next year by Cursor 10, the first diesel engine with a variable geometry turbine and the first common rail diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.^[19] The 125th anniversary of the presentation of the first Magirus ladder^[20] was celebrated together with the delivery of the five-thousandth Magirus aerial ladder produced since the Second World War.^[19]

In 2003 Iveco entirely bought out Irisbus, originally part of a joint venture with Renault.^[21] In 2004 the Iveco Motors brand was born, which became an umbrella for the production of engines, and the following year it was incorporated into the newly founded Fiat Powertrain Technologies. At the end of 2004, an agreement was reached between Iveco and the Chinese company Saic (Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation).^[22]

In 2006 Iveco sponsored the Winter Olympic Games in Turin with a fleet of 1,200 Iveco Irisbus buses.^[23] The year after, Iveco became sponsor of the All Blacks, New Zealand’s rugby team.^[24] In 2009 Iveco became the trucks and commercial Vehicle supplier for the Moto GP,^[25] together with the historical sponsorship to the Ferrari Racing Team, for which it supplies the vehicles that transport the single-seaters at all the Formula 1 World Championship races.^[26]

On 1 January 2011, Fiat Industrial was formed, incorporating CNH, Iveco and FPT Industrial.^[27] In September of the same year, the Fiat Industrial Village was inaugurated in Turin, a multipurpose centre belonging to Fiat Industrial and created for the sales, assistance and product presentation for the Iveco, New Holland and FPT Industrial brands.^[28]

On 15 January 2012, Iveco won the 33rd edition of the Dakar rally with the Petronas De Rooy team and the Dutch driver Gerard De Rooy, behind the wheel of an Iveco Powerstar. De Rooy was followed by drivers Stacey and Biasion behind the wheel of two Iveco Trakker Evolution 2 vehicles, equipped with an FPT Industrial C13 engine with over 900 hp.^[29]

Brands

Iveco trucks

Iveco is the brand under which the light, medium and heavy vehicles are sold. The range of light vehicles is made up of the New Daily in its versions from 2.8 T to 7.0 T and with 4×4 drive. The range of medium vehicles includes the Eurocargo, available from 7 T to 19T and with 4×2 or 4×4 drive.^[30] Stralis and Trakker, from 19 T to 72 T, make up the heavy vehicle range in two, three, or four-axled versions with all-wheel drive or two-wheel drive.^[31]

Iveco platforms

Light to medium

• S-series (1978), «Daily», also sold as a Fiat and as the OM Grinta. TurboDaily from 1986.
• Z-series (1976), «Zeta». Also sold as a Fiat, OM, Magirus-Deutz, and as a Saurer-OM. TurboZeta from 1987.

Medium

• Iveco-Magirus MK (1975) – Iveco-badged versions of Magirus’ Club of Four cab were sold in Germany and some other markets.
• Ford Cargo, sold as an Iveco-Ford in the UK from 1986 until 1991.
• EuroCargo (1991), replaced the Zeta. Full model change in 2003, now with Bertone design.

Heavy

• P/T/TA (1970), bonneted Magirus-Deutz off-road truck, with Iveco badging from the early 1980s. Built until 2003, mainly for non-European markets for the last decade.
• N-series (1976), also NC and NVN. Also known as the «Turbo» or «T»-series and originally sold as a Fiat. Facelifted in 1981.^[32]
• TurboStar/TurboTech (1984), similar to the N-series. TurboStar is the more luxurious model intended for long distance operations
• EuroStar/Tech/Trakker (1993). Direct successors to the TurboStar/TurboTech, with the EuroTrakker being intended for offroad or construction work.
• PowerStar (1999), a bonneted truck built and sold in Australia, using the TurboStar cabin and continuing International Australia‘s earlier conventional line
• Stralis (2002), replaces the heavy «Euro» series. Facelifted in 2007 and again in 2012.
• Trakker (2004), replaces the offroad/construction EuroTrakker and uses the same cabin as the Stralis

Iveco Bus

Irisbus was a brand specialising in passenger transport vehicles spanning from minibuses to buses for city and intercity transportation and tour buses.
On 24 May 2013 the brand was relaunched as Iveco Bus.^[33][34]

Heuliez Bus

Heuliez Bus is a French limited company, part of the Henri Heuliez Group. It was formed in 1980. It is 100% owned by Iveco through its subsidiary Iveco Bus, and specializes in the manufacture of buses and coaches.

Iveco Astra

Main article: Astra (company)

Iveco Astra is a brand dedicated to off-road vehicles for construction and mining industry. It produces heavy on-road and off-road vehicles as well as heavy tractors for road transport and logistics vehicles, including armoured vehicles for the military. The company was founded in 1946, but has been part of Iveco since 1986.^[35]

Iveco Magirus

Main article: Magirus

Iveco Magirus is the brand dedicated to firefighting vehicles and their fittings. Iveco Magirus also produces aerial ladders, an industry in which it is the world leader. It was founded in 1866 as «Magirus Kommanditist» by Conrad Dietrich Magirus, fire chief in Ulm, Germany, who also invented the ladders for the firefighting vehicles.^[36]

Defence Vehicles

Defence Vehicles specialises in military vehicles. Its headquarters are located in Bolzano, where the Iveco LMV is produced, one of the brand’s most famous vehicles used by many armies in Europe and abroad.^[37]

Iveco Capital

Iveco Capital is Iveco’s financial division which provides financing for customers to purchase vehicles.^[38]

Joint ventures

• Naveco, specialises in light and medium vehicles^[39]
• Saic-Iveco Hongyan (SIH), specialised in heavy vehicles^[39]
• Saic-Iveco FPT Hongyan (SFH), specialised in engines for heavy vehicles^[40]

Facilities

Vehicles

• Suzzara (Lombardy, Italy), main production of the Iveco Daily;
• Brescia (Lombardy, Italy), former Officine Meccaniche, production of the Iveco Eurocargo;
• Madrid (Spain, production of the Iveco Stralis and Iveco Trakker;
• Valladolid (Spain), secondary production of the Iveco Daily;
• Ulm (Baden-Württemberg, Germany), production of fire engines, Iveco Magirus;
• Bolzano (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy), main production of the Iveco LMV military vehicle;
• Vittorio Veneto (Veneto, Italy), secondary production of military vehicles;
• «Le Mose», Piacenza (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), production of Astra off-road vehicles;
• Iveco-AMT (Iveco-Automobile/Miass/Torino, Miass, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia), former joint venture Iveco-UralAZ, production of Iveco Trakker (included all-terrain version), Iveco Stralis, fire engines;
• Sete Lagoas (Minas Gerais, Brazil), production of Iveco Daily, Iveco Vertis, Iveco CityClass minibus;
• Córdoba, Argentina, production of Iveco Daily (1993-1997), Iveco Cursor, Iveco Tector, Iveco Trakker, Iveco Stralis.^[41]
• Dandenong, Victoria (Australia), former International Harvester/Navistar International Australia, production of Iveco Acco, Iveco PowerStar, Iveco Stralis

For Iveco Bus (former Irisbus) facilities see Iveco Bus

Joint ventures

• Naveco, (Nanjing, China), production trucks by Naveco brand;
• SAIC-Iveco Hongyan, (Chongqing, China), production trucks by Hongyan brand

Engines

• «Sofim», Foggia (Apulia, southern Italy), main plant Iveco Motors engine production of 8100 e HPI series (S series);
• «Comprensorio SPA», Turin (Piedmont, northern Italy), production of engine Vector (V), Tector-NEF (N) and FSC (F);
• «8000», Turin (Piedmont), production of motors and generators series 8000;
• Pregnana Milanese (Lombardy, Italy), production of industrial and marine engines (S, N e C).

Financials

In 2011 Iveco’s net revenues were €9.6 billion, a 15.1% increase over the previous year.^[42] The trading profit was €490 million.^[43]
A total of 153,384 vehicles were delivered, an 18.3% increase over 2010.^[42]

Emissions and alternative fuels

Euro VI engines with SCR technology

Iveco engines from the Cursor and Tector ranges observe the upcoming Euro VI standards^[44] by adopting High Efficiency SCR (HI-eSCR) technology.^[45] This technology optimises the processes of exhaust combustion and after-treatment, reducing consumption and enabling achievement of greater efficiency in the conversion of NOx emissions.^[46]

Electric drive

Iveco developed and built the first Daily with electric propulsion in 1986;^[47] later the range was broadened to include trucks and city buses.^[48] Iveco introduced the New Daily with electric propulsion and zero exhaust emissions in which a battery system powers an electric three-phase asynchronous engine – through the aid of an inverter – in charge of moving the vehicle directly and recovering energy during braking.^[49]
The vehicle runs on two to four batteries made with Na/NiCl2 (Sodium-nickel chlorine) technology at a nominal voltage of 278 Volt.^[49] The maximum velocity is electronically limited to 70 km/h and the vehicle does from 90 to 130 km on a fully charged battery, depending on the number of batteries and the mission.^[49]

Diesel-electric parallel hybrid traction

The parallel hybrid solution incorporates both a Diesel engine and an electric engine that can be used individually or simultaneously, which makes for greater operating flexibility and allows the vehicle to work under both urban and non-urban conditions.^[50]
In 2010 Iveco introduced this technology on the Eurocargo Ibrido, a commercial vehicle for the European market with electri-diesel parallel propulsion for distributing and collecting goods in city centres. The payload capacity decreases by 200 kg in comparison to diesel-engine models, but it is possible to save up to 30% on the urban cycle.^[51][52]
The Eurocargo hybrid range is made up of two versions:

1. the 7.5-ton version uses a Tector Diesel FPT Industrial engine with 16 valves and 4 Euro V cylinders, with a maximum power of 160 hp (118 kW); this is paired with a drive system made of an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.^[52]
2. The 12-ton version uses the FPT Industrial Tector engine with 16 valves and 4 EEV cylinders with a maximum power of 180 hp (132 kW), paired with an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gear box and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.^[52]

Diesel-electric hybrid

Iveco has been active in this sector since 1990 with 6, 7, 4 and 12 metre buses for urban transportation. The series hybrid technology features a diesel engine – smaller than that of a traditional vehicle – that acts as a battery charger.^[53]

CNG – compressed natural gas

Iveco’s range of light, medium and heavy vehicles and buses can run on methane.
Methane makes it possible to save on consumption by 38% per kg transported as compared to that consumed by diesel engines for the same payload and distance travelled. In addition, compared to Euro VI diesel engines, methane engines reduce NOx emissions by approximately 60% and particulates emissions by approximately 70%.^[54]

LNG – liquefied natural gas

In April 2012 Iveco presented its first vehicle with this technology, the Stralis LNG.
As opposed to vehicles with CNG technology, LNG technology takes the vehicle farther on a full tank (up to 750 km) and reduces the vehicle’s tare thus increasing the load. The main difference between the two technologies lies in the type of natural gas storage employed, which in this case is kept in a liquid state at −161 °C in cryogenic tanks; it is then heated in a heat exchanger so that once it reaches the engine it is a gas.^[55] Also, the noise emitted decreases by 3 to 6 decibels over an analogous diesel engine vehicle.^[56]

Iveco Trakker Bifuel – diesel-ethanol prototype

Iveco created the first prototype of a bifuel, diesel and ethanol-run vehicle. The technology was developed by Iveco together with FPT Industrial and Bosch.^[57] The prototype uses a Trakker truck with Common Rail Cursor 9 engine with 360 HP^[57] that may be powered by a 40–60% ethanol-diesel blend.^[58] The prototype was tested by Raízen, a joint venture between the cane sugar producer Cosan and Shell.^[58]
In 2011, this prototype earned Iveco the «Prêmio Top Etanol» – for the alternative fuel technology.^[57]

Heating and air-conditioning systems

A prototype of a heat pump system for electric and hybrid vehicles was installed on the Iveco Daily vehicle. The system cools or heats the passenger compartment by transferring low temperature heat generated by the drive systems. At the same time, the control strategies minimise the energy demand in order to achieve a low impact on consumption.^[59]

Iveco vehicles

See also

• International Association of Public Transport
• Sofim
• List of Italian companies

References

External links

• Official website
• FPT (previously Iveco Motors)
• Astra official website
• Irisbus official website
• Iveco-Magirus official website
• Official Australian website

Type	Public limited company
Industry	Manufacturing
Founded	1975 in Turin
Headquarters	Turin, Piedmont, Italy
Area served	Europe, South America, Costa Rica, Cuba, Middle East, East Asia (China, Taiwan, South Korea), Southeast Asia, Kazakhstan, Australia, New Zealand
Key people	Pierre Lahutte
Products	Heavy commercial vehicles, medium commercial vehicles, light commercial vehicles, quarry/construction site vehicles, special vehicles, city and intercity buses, firefighting vehicles, defence vehicles
Revenue	€4.9 billion
Employees	Approximately 25,000
Parent	CNH Industrial
Subsidiaries	List Transportation Iveco Bus Heuliez Bus Iveco Astra Iveco Magirus Zastava Trucks(46%) Defence Vehicles Iveco China Naveco(50%) Saic-Iveco Hongyan Industrial Saic-Iveco FPT Hongyan Finance Iveco Capital
Website	iveco.com

Iveco, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian industrial vehicle manufacturing company based in Turin, Italy, and entirely controlled by CNH Industrial Group. It designs and builds light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, quarry/construction site vehicles, city and intercity buses and special vehicles for applications such as firefighting, off-road missions, the military and civil defence. The name Iveco first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian, French and German brands.^[1] Its production plants are in Europe, Brazil, Russia, Australia, Africa, Argentina and China, and it has approximately 5,000 points of sales and service in over 160 countries. The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about €10 billion.^[2]

History

Iveco was incorporated on 1 January 1975, with the merger of five different brands: Fiat Veicoli Industriali (with headquarters in Turin), OM (Brescia, Italy), Lancia Veicoli Speciali (Italy), Unic (France) and Magirus-Deutz (Germany).^[3]

Following the merger, the newly founded Iveco began rationalizing its product range, manufacturing plants and sales network, while keeping the original brands. From 1975 to 1979, the Iveco range included 200 basic models and 600 versions spanning from 2.7 tons of GVW for a light vehicle to over 40 tons for heavy vehicles, as well as buses and engines.^[4][5] In 1977 the light to medium-weight Iveco Zeta range was introduced, replacing the twenty-year-old OM Lupetto. Integrating the Fiat-OM range with the Unic and Magirus lineups was completed by 1980.^[6] Iveco moved in to work on increasing productivity and engine development.^[6] In 1978 Iveco launched the first product in the range of Iveco-branded light vehicles, the Daily.^[7]
In 1980 Iveco built the first turbo diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.^[8] In this decade the corporate strategy was heavily oriented towards brand promotion and led to the sponsorship of sports events, such as the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, the Davis Cup in 1982, the Jacques Cousteau expeditions in the Amazon basin in 1983 and the Raid Pigafetta, during which the Iveco-Fiat 75 PC 4×4 was first to make a full circle of the globe.^[9] Two new divisions were also formed: bus diesel engines and firefighting vehicles.^[10]

In 1984 Iveco launched the TurboStar,^[11] a heavy on-road vehicle that became a best-seller in Italy and an important player in the European market, selling a total of 50,000 in seven years.^[12]

In 1985 Iveco made the first light diesel engine with direct injection.^[13]

From 1986, Iveco S.p.A. held a 52% stake in Iveco Ford Truck Ltd, a joint venture (and effectively a merger) with Ford of Europe‘s truck division. Ford plants took over production and sales of the major vehicles in the Iveco range and continued production of the Ford Cargo.^[14] In the mid-1980s, Astra, which produces dumpers and construction site/quarry vehicles in Piacenza, became part of Iveco Group.^[15]

In 1989 the first diesel engine with EGR to reduce polluting emissions compatible with commercial vehicles was produced and the new Daily launched that same year was fitted with it.^[14]

In 1990, the group purchased 60% control of the Spanish industrial company ENASA, which owned the industrial vehicle builder Pegaso.^[14] In the 1990s, the EuroCargo, EuroTech, EuroTrakker and EuroStar vehicles represented a total facelift for the range.^[14] The EuroCargo and the EuroTech were named «Truck of the Year» in 1992 and 1993 respectively and, for the first time, this recognition was awarded to the same manufacturer for two years in a row.^[16] The English company Seddon Atkinson was purchased in 1991 and brought its long heritage of special vehicles for the construction and refuse collection industries.^[17] That same year, the first TurboDaily assembly line was inaugurated at the Nanjing Motor Corporation in China.^[18]

In 1992, Iveco took over the primary constructor of industrial vehicles in Australia to form Ital, originally called International Trucks Australia. In 2000 it was renamed Iveco Trucks Australia Limited.^[17] In 1996 firefighting activities in Germany were structured under the company Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH.^[19] The following year, these activities were boosted by the arrival of an Austrian company, Löhr, which then became Löhr Magirus.^[17]
In 1998 Cursor 8 was launched, followed the next year by Cursor 10, the first diesel engine with a variable geometry turbine and the first common rail diesel engine for heavy industrial vehicles.^[19] The 125th anniversary of the presentation of the first Magirus ladder^[20] was celebrated together with the delivery of the five-thousandth Magirus aerial ladder produced since the Second World War.^[19]

In 2003 Iveco entirely bought out Irisbus, originally part of a joint venture with Renault.^[21] In 2004 the Iveco Motors brand was born, which became an umbrella for the production of engines, and the following year it was incorporated into the newly founded Fiat Powertrain Technologies. At the end of 2004, an agreement was reached between Iveco and the Chinese company Saic (Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation).^[22]

In 2006 Iveco sponsored the Winter Olympic Games in Turin with a fleet of 1,200 Iveco Irisbus buses.^[23] The year after, Iveco became sponsor of the All Blacks, New Zealand’s rugby team.^[24] In 2009 Iveco became the trucks and commercial Vehicle supplier for the Moto GP,^[25] together with the historical sponsorship to the Ferrari Racing Team, for which it supplies the vehicles that transport the single-seaters at all the Formula 1 World Championship races.^[26]

On 1 January 2011, Fiat Industrial was formed, incorporating CNH, Iveco and FPT Industrial.^[27] In September of the same year, the Fiat Industrial Village was inaugurated in Turin, a multipurpose centre belonging to Fiat Industrial and created for the sales, assistance and product presentation for the Iveco, New Holland and FPT Industrial brands.^[28]

On 15 January 2012, Iveco won the 33rd edition of the Dakar rally with the Petronas De Rooy team and the Dutch driver Gerard De Rooy, behind the wheel of an Iveco Powerstar. De Rooy was followed by drivers Stacey and Biasion behind the wheel of two Iveco Trakker Evolution 2 vehicles, equipped with an FPT Industrial C13 engine with over 900 hp.^[29]

Brands

Iveco trucks

Iveco is the brand under which the light, medium and heavy vehicles are sold. The range of light vehicles is made up of the New Daily in its versions from 2.8 T to 7.0 T and with 4×4 drive. The range of medium vehicles includes the Eurocargo, available from 7 T to 19T and with 4×2 or 4×4 drive.^[30] Stralis and Trakker, from 19 T to 72 T, make up the heavy vehicle range in two, three, or four-axled versions with all-wheel drive or two-wheel drive.^[31]

Iveco platforms

Light to medium

• S-series (1978), «Daily», also sold as a Fiat and as the OM Grinta. TurboDaily from 1986.
• Z-series (1976), «Zeta». Also sold as a Fiat, OM, Magirus-Deutz, and as a Saurer-OM. TurboZeta from 1987.

Medium

• Iveco-Magirus MK (1975) – Iveco-badged versions of Magirus’ Club of Four cab were sold in Germany and some other markets.
• Ford Cargo, sold as an Iveco-Ford in the UK from 1986 until 1991.
• EuroCargo (1991), replaced the Zeta. Full model change in 2003, now with Bertone design.

Heavy

• P/T/TA (1970), bonneted Magirus-Deutz off-road truck, with Iveco badging from the early 1980s. Built until 2003, mainly for non-European markets for the last decade.
• N-series (1976), also NC and NVN. Also known as the «Turbo» or «T»-series and originally sold as a Fiat. Facelifted in 1981.^[32]
• TurboStar/TurboTech (1984), similar to the N-series. TurboStar is the more luxurious model intended for long distance operations
• EuroStar/Tech/Trakker (1993). Direct successors to the TurboStar/TurboTech, with the EuroTrakker being intended for offroad or construction work.
• PowerStar (1999), a bonneted truck built and sold in Australia, using the TurboStar cabin and continuing International Australia‘s earlier conventional line
• Stralis (2002), replaces the heavy «Euro» series. Facelifted in 2007 and again in 2012.
• Trakker (2004), replaces the offroad/construction EuroTrakker and uses the same cabin as the Stralis

Iveco Bus

Irisbus was a brand specialising in passenger transport vehicles spanning from minibuses to buses for city and intercity transportation and tour buses.
On 24 May 2013 the brand was relaunched as Iveco Bus.^[33][34]

Heuliez Bus

Heuliez Bus is a French limited company, part of the Henri Heuliez Group. It was formed in 1980. It is 100% owned by Iveco through its subsidiary Iveco Bus, and specializes in the manufacture of buses and coaches.

Iveco Astra

Main article: Astra (company)

Iveco Astra is a brand dedicated to off-road vehicles for construction and mining industry. It produces heavy on-road and off-road vehicles as well as heavy tractors for road transport and logistics vehicles, including armoured vehicles for the military. The company was founded in 1946, but has been part of Iveco since 1986.^[35]

Iveco Magirus

Main article: Magirus

Iveco Magirus is the brand dedicated to firefighting vehicles and their fittings. Iveco Magirus also produces aerial ladders, an industry in which it is the world leader. It was founded in 1866 as «Magirus Kommanditist» by Conrad Dietrich Magirus, fire chief in Ulm, Germany, who also invented the ladders for the firefighting vehicles.^[36]

Defence Vehicles

Defence Vehicles specialises in military vehicles. Its headquarters are located in Bolzano, where the Iveco LMV is produced, one of the brand’s most famous vehicles used by many armies in Europe and abroad.^[37]

Iveco Capital

Iveco Capital is Iveco’s financial division which provides financing for customers to purchase vehicles.^[38]

Joint ventures

• Naveco, specialises in light and medium vehicles^[39]
• Saic-Iveco Hongyan (SIH), specialised in heavy vehicles^[39]
• Saic-Iveco FPT Hongyan (SFH), specialised in engines for heavy vehicles^[40]

Facilities

Vehicles

• Suzzara (Lombardy, Italy), main production of the Iveco Daily;
• Brescia (Lombardy, Italy), former Officine Meccaniche, production of the Iveco Eurocargo;
• Madrid (Spain, production of the Iveco Stralis and Iveco Trakker;
• Valladolid (Spain), secondary production of the Iveco Daily;
• Ulm (Baden-Württemberg, Germany), production of fire engines, Iveco Magirus;
• Bolzano (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy), main production of the Iveco LMV military vehicle;
• Vittorio Veneto (Veneto, Italy), secondary production of military vehicles;
• «Le Mose», Piacenza (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), production of Astra off-road vehicles;
• Iveco-AMT (Iveco-Automobile/Miass/Torino, Miass, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia), former joint venture Iveco-UralAZ, production of Iveco Trakker (included all-terrain version), Iveco Stralis, fire engines;
• Sete Lagoas (Minas Gerais, Brazil), production of Iveco Daily, Iveco Vertis, Iveco CityClass minibus;
• Córdoba, Argentina, production of Iveco Daily (1993-1997), Iveco Cursor, Iveco Tector, Iveco Trakker, Iveco Stralis.^[41]
• Dandenong, Victoria (Australia), former International Harvester/Navistar International Australia, production of Iveco Acco, Iveco PowerStar, Iveco Stralis

For Iveco Bus (former Irisbus) facilities see Iveco Bus

Joint ventures

• Naveco, (Nanjing, China), production trucks by Naveco brand;
• SAIC-Iveco Hongyan, (Chongqing, China), production trucks by Hongyan brand

Engines

• «Sofim», Foggia (Apulia, southern Italy), main plant Iveco Motors engine production of 8100 e HPI series (S series);
• «Comprensorio SPA», Turin (Piedmont, northern Italy), production of engine Vector (V), Tector-NEF (N) and FSC (F);
• «8000», Turin (Piedmont), production of motors and generators series 8000;
• Pregnana Milanese (Lombardy, Italy), production of industrial and marine engines (S, N e C).

Financials

In 2011 Iveco’s net revenues were €9.6 billion, a 15.1% increase over the previous year.^[42] The trading profit was €490 million.^[43]
A total of 153,384 vehicles were delivered, an 18.3% increase over 2010.^[42]

Emissions and alternative fuels

Euro VI engines with SCR technology

Iveco engines from the Cursor and Tector ranges observe the upcoming Euro VI standards^[44] by adopting High Efficiency SCR (HI-eSCR) technology.^[45] This technology optimises the processes of exhaust combustion and after-treatment, reducing consumption and enabling achievement of greater efficiency in the conversion of NOx emissions.^[46]

Electric drive

Iveco developed and built the first Daily with electric propulsion in 1986;^[47] later the range was broadened to include trucks and city buses.^[48] Iveco introduced the New Daily with electric propulsion and zero exhaust emissions in which a battery system powers an electric three-phase asynchronous engine – through the aid of an inverter – in charge of moving the vehicle directly and recovering energy during braking.^[49]
The vehicle runs on two to four batteries made with Na/NiCl2 (Sodium-nickel chlorine) technology at a nominal voltage of 278 Volt.^[49] The maximum velocity is electronically limited to 70 km/h and the vehicle does from 90 to 130 km on a fully charged battery, depending on the number of batteries and the mission.^[49]

Diesel-electric parallel hybrid traction

The parallel hybrid solution incorporates both a Diesel engine and an electric engine that can be used individually or simultaneously, which makes for greater operating flexibility and allows the vehicle to work under both urban and non-urban conditions.^[50]
In 2010 Iveco introduced this technology on the Eurocargo Ibrido, a commercial vehicle for the European market with electri-diesel parallel propulsion for distributing and collecting goods in city centres. The payload capacity decreases by 200 kg in comparison to diesel-engine models, but it is possible to save up to 30% on the urban cycle.^[51][52]
The Eurocargo hybrid range is made up of two versions:

1. the 7.5-ton version uses a Tector Diesel FPT Industrial engine with 16 valves and 4 Euro V cylinders, with a maximum power of 160 hp (118 kW); this is paired with a drive system made of an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.^[52]
2. The 12-ton version uses the FPT Industrial Tector engine with 16 valves and 4 EEV cylinders with a maximum power of 180 hp (132 kW), paired with an electric motor-generator with 60 hp (44 kW), a 6-speed automated gear box and a lithium ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8 kWh.^[52]

Diesel-electric hybrid

Iveco has been active in this sector since 1990 with 6, 7, 4 and 12 metre buses for urban transportation. The series hybrid technology features a diesel engine – smaller than that of a traditional vehicle – that acts as a battery charger.^[53]

CNG – compressed natural gas

Iveco’s range of light, medium and heavy vehicles and buses can run on methane.
Methane makes it possible to save on consumption by 38% per kg transported as compared to that consumed by diesel engines for the same payload and distance travelled. In addition, compared to Euro VI diesel engines, methane engines reduce NOx emissions by approximately 60% and particulates emissions by approximately 70%.^[54]

LNG – liquefied natural gas

In April 2012 Iveco presented its first vehicle with this technology, the Stralis LNG.
As opposed to vehicles with CNG technology, LNG technology takes the vehicle farther on a full tank (up to 750 km) and reduces the vehicle’s tare thus increasing the load. The main difference between the two technologies lies in the type of natural gas storage employed, which in this case is kept in a liquid state at −161 °C in cryogenic tanks; it is then heated in a heat exchanger so that once it reaches the engine it is a gas.^[55] Also, the noise emitted decreases by 3 to 6 decibels over an analogous diesel engine vehicle.^[56]

Iveco Trakker Bifuel – diesel-ethanol prototype

Iveco created the first prototype of a bifuel, diesel and ethanol-run vehicle. The technology was developed by Iveco together with FPT Industrial and Bosch.^[57] The prototype uses a Trakker truck with Common Rail Cursor 9 engine with 360 HP^[57] that may be powered by a 40–60% ethanol-diesel blend.^[58] The prototype was tested by Raízen, a joint venture between the cane sugar producer Cosan and Shell.^[58]
In 2011, this prototype earned Iveco the «Prêmio Top Etanol» – for the alternative fuel technology.^[57]

Heating and air-conditioning systems

A prototype of a heat pump system for electric and hybrid vehicles was installed on the Iveco Daily vehicle. The system cools or heats the passenger compartment by transferring low temperature heat generated by the drive systems. At the same time, the control strategies minimise the energy demand in order to achieve a low impact on consumption.^[59]

Iveco vehicles

See also

• International Association of Public Transport
• Sofim
• List of Italian companies

References

External links

• Official website
• FPT (previously Iveco Motors)
• Astra official website
• Irisbus official website
• Iveco-Magirus official website
• Official Australian website