Как пишется сабр на английском

  • 1
    SABR

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SABR

  • 2
    maqam of sabr

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > maqam of sabr

  • 3
    maqam of sabr (In Sufi terminology, patience, the art of steadfastness)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > maqam of sabr (In Sufi terminology, patience, the art of steadfastness)

См. также в других словарях:

  • SABR — Society for American Baseball Research La Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), fondée en août 1971, est une société historique ayant pour objet l étude du baseball. L acronyme SABR a servi de base à la création du terme sabermetrics,… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Sabr (Islamic term) — Sabr (Arabic: صْبِرْ ṣabr) is the Islamic virtue of patience or endurance . Ṣabr, Encyclopaedia of Islam ] Sabr is characterized as being one of the two parts of faith (the other being shukr ). [ S̲h̲ukr, Encyclopaedia of Islam .] Its practice is …   Wikipedia

  • Sabr ad-Din II — (died 1422/1423) was a king of Adal and the oldest son of Sa ad ad Din II. Trimingham tersely states that Sabr ad Din returned to Africa from Yemen to reclaim his father s realm, but was defeated in battle by the Emperor of Ethiopia Yeshaq. [J.… …   Wikipedia

  • Sabr ad-Din I — (flourished 1332) was an amir of Ifat, the son of Nahwi bin Mansur bin Umar Walashma and younger brother of Haqq ad Din I.Sabr ad Din rallied his fellow Muslims in a counteroffensive in early 1332 against the Ethiopians; however, the Emperor of… …   Wikipedia

  • SABR (disambiguation) — SABR may refer to:* The Society for American Baseball Research * Selectable Assault Battle Rifle (S.A.B.R.); see XM29 OICW. * The Stochastic alpha beta rho volatility model in mathematical finance. See SABR Volatility Model. * Sabr (Islamic term) …   Wikipedia

  • SABR Volatility Model — In mathematical finance, the SABR model is a stochastic volatility model, which attempts to capture the volatility smile in derivatives markets. The name stands for Stochastic Alpha, Beta, Rho , referring to the parameters of the model.The SABR… …   Wikipedia

  • SABR Deadball Era Committee — The Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) Deadball Era Committee is dedicated to the research and analysis of baseball history between 1901 and 1919. The Deadball Era includes some of baseball s most colorful personalities, including Ty… …   Wikipedia

  • SABR — Special Assessment Baseline Review Contributor: GSFC …   NASA Acronyms

  • SABR — Sabratha …   Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions

  • sabr — (A.) [ ﺮﺒﺹ ] sabır …   Osmanli Türkçesİ sözlüğü

  • SABR (SABIR) — Acıya ve zorluğa katlanmak. * Bir musibet ve belâya uğrayanın telâş ve feryad etmeyip sonunu bekleyip tahammül ile katlanması. * Muharebede şecaat gösterme. * Bir kimseyi bir şeyden alıkoymak. * Öğrendiği bir şeyi başkasının da öğrenmesi için… …   Yeni Lügat Türkçe Sözlük

Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the concept in Islam. For other uses, see SABR (disambiguation).

Sabr (Arabic: صَبْرٌ, romanized: ṣabr) (literally ‘endurance’ or more accurately ‘perseverance’ and ‘persistence’[1]) is one of the two parts of faith (the other being shukr) in Islam.[2] It teaches to remain spiritually steadfast and to keep doing good actions in the personal and collective domain, specifically when facing opposition or encountering problems, setbacks, or unexpected and unwanted results. It is patience in the face of all unexpected and unwanted outcomes.

Etymology[edit]

Arabic lexicographers suggest[citation needed] that the root ṣ-b-r, of which ṣabr is the nominalization, means to bind or restrain. The word ṣabr has a special technical application in the expression yamīn aṣ-ṣabr (يمين الصبر), which refers to perjury.[3]

In the Quran[edit]

In the Quran, words that are derived from the root ṣ-b-r occur frequently, with the general meaning of persisting on the right path when under adverse circumstance, whether internal or external, personal or collective. For example, Muhammad is told to be patient like the Apostles of God before him ( 38:16); ( 46:34). The Qur’an promises those who face difficulty and yet persist on the right path, a double reward ( 28:54). The concept is also in jihad, ( 3:140) where it is translated as «endurance» or «tenacity». It is also used when God commands Muslims to serve Him: XIX, 66, «Serve Him and persevere in His service.» ( 19:66). Sometimes ṣabr is associated with the salāt ( 2:45, 2:153). According to the Qur’an commentators, ṣabr in these passages is synonymous with fasting, as the month of Ramadan was given the name s̲h̲ahr ṣabr (meaning month of patience).[1]

The word is found with the meaning resignation(acceptance), for example in the sura of Yusuf,[4] Yaqub(As.), on hearing of the death of his son, says «[My best course is] fitting resignation(acceptance)», where resignation(acceptance) is the most appropriate translation for sabar. The Quran also uses the adjective ṣabbār.[5] This concept is related to shukr (meaning gratitude).[1]

In Quran there is usually a close connection between being patiently persisting in doing right and expecting relief
or deliverance from God (tawakkul). Thus Muhammad is told to be «patient till your Lord decides, for you are in Our sight».[6][7]

  • «Seek God (Allah)’s help with patient perseverance and prayer. It is indeed hard except for those who are humble.» (2:45)
  • «O you who believe! Seek help with patient perseverance and prayer, for God is with those who patiently persevere.» (2:153)
  • «Be sure We shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods, lives, and the fruits of your toil.»
  • «But give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere. Those who say, when afflicted with calamity, ‘To Allah we belong, and to Him is our return.’ They are those on whom descend blessings from their Lord, and mercy. They are the ones who receive guidance.» (2:155–157)
  • «O you who believe! Persevere in patience and constancy. Vie in such perseverance, strengthen each other, and be pious, that you may prosper.» (3:200)
  • «And be steadfast in patience, for verily Allah will not suffer the reward of the righteous to perish.» (11:115)
  • «Be patient, for your patience is with the help of Allah.» (16:127)
  • «Patiently, then, persevere—for the Promise of Allah is true, and ask forgiveness for your faults, and celebrate the praises of your Lord in the evening and in the morning.» (40:55)
  • «No one will be granted such goodness except those who exercise patience and self-restraint, none but persons of the greatest good fortune.» (41:35)
  • «Verily man is in loss, except such as have faith, and do righteous deeds, and join together in the mutual enjoining of truth, and of patience (perseverance on good) and constancy.» (103:2–3)
  • «It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards East or West. But it is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day, And the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; To spend of your substance, out of love for Him, For your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of slaves; To be steadfast in prayer And give in charity; To fulfill the contracts which you have made; And to be firm and patient, in pain and adversity And throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, the God-fearing.» Qur’an 2:177
  • «Through every difficulty there is relief. Verily, through every difficulty there is relief.» Qur’an 94:5–6

Hadiths on significance of ṣabr[edit]

Abu Yahya Suhaib b. Sinan said that Muhammad said: «Wondrous are the believer’s affairs. For him there is good in all his affairs, and this is so only for the believer. When something pleasing happens to him, he is grateful, and that is good for him; and when something displeasing happens to him, he is enduring (ṣabr), and that is good for him.» ( Muslim )

Muhammad is reported to have said, «No one had ever been given anything better than ṣabr.» From Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim

Abu Musa al-Ashari reported that Muhammad said, «When a son of a servant of Allah dies, Allah Says to the angels, ‘Have you taken the son of My servant?’ They say, ‘Yes.’ Then Allah Says, ‘Have you taken the fruit of his heart?’ They say, ‘Yes.’ Allah Says, ‘What has My servant said?’ They say, ‘He has praised You and said, ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilaihi rājiʿūn (To Allah we belong and to Him is our return). Then Allah Says, ‘Build a house for My servant in Paradise and call it the house of praise.'» From Tirmidhi, Musnad Ahmad and ibn Habban.

Quotes pertaining to ṣabr[edit]

Umar bin Khattab said, «We considered the best part of our lives to be that in which there was ṣabr.» Related by al-Bukhārī (1 l/303) in taʿlīq form, and it has been related in connected form by Imām Ahmad in az-Zuhd with a Ṣaḥīḥ ʾisnād – as al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Hajar mentioned in Fatḥ al-Bārīʾ (11/303).[citation needed]

Ali said, «Indeed ṣabr is from ʾīmān (faith). Its position is like that of the head with respect to the rest of the body.» Then he raised his voice and said, «Verily, there is no ʾīmān (faith) for the one who has no ṣabr.» Related by Hibat Allāh ibn al-Ḥasan al-Lālakāʾī in Sharḥ ʾuṣūl ʾiʿtiqād ʾahl as-sunnah wa-al-jamāʿah (no. 1659), al-Bayhaqī in Shuʿūb al-ʾīmān and Abī Shaybān in Kitāb al-ʾīmān (no. 130), with a slightly different wording.[citation needed]

Imam Ahmad said, «Allāh has mentioned ṣabr (patient perseverance) in over ninety places in His Book (Quran).» Related by Ibn al-Qayyim in Madārij as-Sālikīn (2/152).[citation needed]

Classification[edit]

Many Muslim scholars have tried to classify and give examples of ṣabr. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam ṣabr is of two kinds:[1]

  1. physical, like the endurance of physical troubles, whether active (such as performing difficult tasks) or passive (such as suffering illnesses), and
  2. the spiritual, such as renunciation in face of natural impulses.

Fakh̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī distinguishes four kinds:[8]

  1. intellectual endurance (for example in disputed points in religious dogma),
  2. endurance in completing tasks one is bound or recommended to do by Islamic law (such as fasting),
  3. being steadfast in refraining from forbidden activities, and
  4. resignation in times of calamity.

He also gives an application of the concept, Muṣābara, in which ones refrains from taking revenge from one’s fellow-creature (like neighbors, People of the Book).[8]

Al-Ghazali said that ṣabr consisted of three parts: maʿrifa (the tree), ḥāl (branches) and ʿamal (the fruits).[1]

In addition to the above, Sabr was also classified as thus:

  1. «Sabr in time of afflictions, that is; to bear the bitterness of troubles and misfortunes.
  1. Sabr in obedience of Allah, that is; to bear the difficulty of performing what we are commanded.
  1. Sabr in guarding against sins, that is;to stop and refrain from committing sins despite their attraction».[9]

Sabr in practice[edit]

According to Qur’an, a practical example of Sabr was described and stated as thus:

«Piety is not to turn your faces to the east or the west; rather, piety is [personified by] those who have faith in Allah and the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets, and who give their wealth, for the love of Him, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveller and the beggar, and for [the freeing of] the slaves, and maintain the prayer and give the zakat, and those who fulfil their covenants, when they pledge themselves, and those who are patient in stress and distress, and in the heat of battle. They are the ones who are true [to their covenant], and it is they who are the Godwary.» (2:177).

Sabirun[edit]

Those who possess ṣabr to a certain extent are called ṣābirūn. Out of the three classes of beings (jinn, angels, and mankind), man alone may possess ṣabr. This is because the animals are entirely governed by their desires and impulses; and the angels are completely occupied by their longing for God, so they have no desires and thus need no ṣabr to overcome them. In man, however, the two impulses (that of desire and that of spirituality) are fighting, where the former is kindled by Satan and the latter by the angels.[1]

Among mankind, there are the pious, who have attained ṣabr by overcoming their animal instincts, called siddiqūn, while some still struggle in this task. Sābirūn are to remain steadfast not only in health and prosperity (where their ṣabr is to be used as gratitude to God) but also in the performance of religious obligations, in refraining from forbidden things and in the event of uncontrollable calamities.[1]

Achieving Sabr[edit]

  1. «The true realisation of any moral virtue occurs when it becomes one’s second nature, such that the person acts according to it without much difficulty or pretention».[10]
  2. Another way to achieve this, is to act ‘as if’ one possesses the virtue, as it was quoted by Imam Ali; “If you are not tolerant, put on the garb of tolerance, because it rarely happens that one imitates a people and does not soon become one of them.”[11]
  3. Thus, Practice and consistency help one develop this virtue as a matter of time.

See also[edit]

  • Political quietism in Islam

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g «Ṣabr», Encyclopaedia of Islam
  2. ^ «Shukr», Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  3. ^ Hans Wehr, p. 1299 see also باب كفارة الايمان al-shia.org
  4. ^ Quran 12:18
  5. ^ Quran 14:5
  6. ^ Quran 52:88. Quoted by Watt, p. 12
  7. ^ Watt, p. 5–19
  8. ^ a b Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Mafātīḥ al-g̲h̲ayb, Cairo 1278, on III, 200. Quoted in «Sabr», Encyclopaedia of Islam
  9. ^ Sheikh Kulayni (2014). Usul Kofi. Amazon.com. ISBN 9786005605051.
  10. ^ Muhammad Mahdi Abi Dharr Al Naraqi (2015). Jami’AlSa’dat. Create space Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781519184672.
  11. ^ Imam Ali Ibn Abu Talib (2013). Nahjul Balagha. Amazon.com.

References[edit]

  • Giese, Alma; Reinhart, A.K. «S̲h̲ukr». Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 29 April 2008
  • Nemoy, Leon; Izutsu, Toshihiko (July 1969). «Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’ān by Toshihiko Izutsu». The Jewish Quarterly Review. University of Pennsylvania Press. 60 (1): 70–72. doi:10.2307/1453525. JSTOR 1453525.
  • Watt, William Montgomery. «Suffering in Sunnite Islam». Studia Islamica, no. 50 (1979), p. 5-19.
  • Wensinck, A.J. «Ṣabr». Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 29 April 2008

External links[edit]

  • Sabar Quotes — ReadBeach.com
Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the concept in Islam. For other uses, see SABR (disambiguation).

Sabr (Arabic: صَبْرٌ, romanized: ṣabr) (literally ‘endurance’ or more accurately ‘perseverance’ and ‘persistence’[1]) is one of the two parts of faith (the other being shukr) in Islam.[2] It teaches to remain spiritually steadfast and to keep doing good actions in the personal and collective domain, specifically when facing opposition or encountering problems, setbacks, or unexpected and unwanted results. It is patience in the face of all unexpected and unwanted outcomes.

Etymology[edit]

Arabic lexicographers suggest[citation needed] that the root ṣ-b-r, of which ṣabr is the nominalization, means to bind or restrain. The word ṣabr has a special technical application in the expression yamīn aṣ-ṣabr (يمين الصبر), which refers to perjury.[3]

In the Quran[edit]

In the Quran, words that are derived from the root ṣ-b-r occur frequently, with the general meaning of persisting on the right path when under adverse circumstance, whether internal or external, personal or collective. For example, Muhammad is told to be patient like the Apostles of God before him ( 38:16); ( 46:34). The Qur’an promises those who face difficulty and yet persist on the right path, a double reward ( 28:54). The concept is also in jihad, ( 3:140) where it is translated as «endurance» or «tenacity». It is also used when God commands Muslims to serve Him: XIX, 66, «Serve Him and persevere in His service.» ( 19:66). Sometimes ṣabr is associated with the salāt ( 2:45, 2:153). According to the Qur’an commentators, ṣabr in these passages is synonymous with fasting, as the month of Ramadan was given the name s̲h̲ahr ṣabr (meaning month of patience).[1]

The word is found with the meaning resignation(acceptance), for example in the sura of Yusuf,[4] Yaqub(As.), on hearing of the death of his son, says «[My best course is] fitting resignation(acceptance)», where resignation(acceptance) is the most appropriate translation for sabar. The Quran also uses the adjective ṣabbār.[5] This concept is related to shukr (meaning gratitude).[1]

In Quran there is usually a close connection between being patiently persisting in doing right and expecting relief
or deliverance from God (tawakkul). Thus Muhammad is told to be «patient till your Lord decides, for you are in Our sight».[6][7]

  • «Seek God (Allah)’s help with patient perseverance and prayer. It is indeed hard except for those who are humble.» (2:45)
  • «O you who believe! Seek help with patient perseverance and prayer, for God is with those who patiently persevere.» (2:153)
  • «Be sure We shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods, lives, and the fruits of your toil.»
  • «But give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere. Those who say, when afflicted with calamity, ‘To Allah we belong, and to Him is our return.’ They are those on whom descend blessings from their Lord, and mercy. They are the ones who receive guidance.» (2:155–157)
  • «O you who believe! Persevere in patience and constancy. Vie in such perseverance, strengthen each other, and be pious, that you may prosper.» (3:200)
  • «And be steadfast in patience, for verily Allah will not suffer the reward of the righteous to perish.» (11:115)
  • «Be patient, for your patience is with the help of Allah.» (16:127)
  • «Patiently, then, persevere—for the Promise of Allah is true, and ask forgiveness for your faults, and celebrate the praises of your Lord in the evening and in the morning.» (40:55)
  • «No one will be granted such goodness except those who exercise patience and self-restraint, none but persons of the greatest good fortune.» (41:35)
  • «Verily man is in loss, except such as have faith, and do righteous deeds, and join together in the mutual enjoining of truth, and of patience (perseverance on good) and constancy.» (103:2–3)
  • «It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards East or West. But it is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day, And the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; To spend of your substance, out of love for Him, For your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of slaves; To be steadfast in prayer And give in charity; To fulfill the contracts which you have made; And to be firm and patient, in pain and adversity And throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, the God-fearing.» Qur’an 2:177
  • «Through every difficulty there is relief. Verily, through every difficulty there is relief.» Qur’an 94:5–6

Hadiths on significance of ṣabr[edit]

Abu Yahya Suhaib b. Sinan said that Muhammad said: «Wondrous are the believer’s affairs. For him there is good in all his affairs, and this is so only for the believer. When something pleasing happens to him, he is grateful, and that is good for him; and when something displeasing happens to him, he is enduring (ṣabr), and that is good for him.» ( Muslim )

Muhammad is reported to have said, «No one had ever been given anything better than ṣabr.» From Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim

Abu Musa al-Ashari reported that Muhammad said, «When a son of a servant of Allah dies, Allah Says to the angels, ‘Have you taken the son of My servant?’ They say, ‘Yes.’ Then Allah Says, ‘Have you taken the fruit of his heart?’ They say, ‘Yes.’ Allah Says, ‘What has My servant said?’ They say, ‘He has praised You and said, ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilaihi rājiʿūn (To Allah we belong and to Him is our return). Then Allah Says, ‘Build a house for My servant in Paradise and call it the house of praise.'» From Tirmidhi, Musnad Ahmad and ibn Habban.

Quotes pertaining to ṣabr[edit]

Umar bin Khattab said, «We considered the best part of our lives to be that in which there was ṣabr.» Related by al-Bukhārī (1 l/303) in taʿlīq form, and it has been related in connected form by Imām Ahmad in az-Zuhd with a Ṣaḥīḥ ʾisnād – as al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Hajar mentioned in Fatḥ al-Bārīʾ (11/303).[citation needed]

Ali said, «Indeed ṣabr is from ʾīmān (faith). Its position is like that of the head with respect to the rest of the body.» Then he raised his voice and said, «Verily, there is no ʾīmān (faith) for the one who has no ṣabr.» Related by Hibat Allāh ibn al-Ḥasan al-Lālakāʾī in Sharḥ ʾuṣūl ʾiʿtiqād ʾahl as-sunnah wa-al-jamāʿah (no. 1659), al-Bayhaqī in Shuʿūb al-ʾīmān and Abī Shaybān in Kitāb al-ʾīmān (no. 130), with a slightly different wording.[citation needed]

Imam Ahmad said, «Allāh has mentioned ṣabr (patient perseverance) in over ninety places in His Book (Quran).» Related by Ibn al-Qayyim in Madārij as-Sālikīn (2/152).[citation needed]

Classification[edit]

Many Muslim scholars have tried to classify and give examples of ṣabr. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam ṣabr is of two kinds:[1]

  1. physical, like the endurance of physical troubles, whether active (such as performing difficult tasks) or passive (such as suffering illnesses), and
  2. the spiritual, such as renunciation in face of natural impulses.

Fakh̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī distinguishes four kinds:[8]

  1. intellectual endurance (for example in disputed points in religious dogma),
  2. endurance in completing tasks one is bound or recommended to do by Islamic law (such as fasting),
  3. being steadfast in refraining from forbidden activities, and
  4. resignation in times of calamity.

He also gives an application of the concept, Muṣābara, in which ones refrains from taking revenge from one’s fellow-creature (like neighbors, People of the Book).[8]

Al-Ghazali said that ṣabr consisted of three parts: maʿrifa (the tree), ḥāl (branches) and ʿamal (the fruits).[1]

In addition to the above, Sabr was also classified as thus:

  1. «Sabr in time of afflictions, that is; to bear the bitterness of troubles and misfortunes.
  1. Sabr in obedience of Allah, that is; to bear the difficulty of performing what we are commanded.
  1. Sabr in guarding against sins, that is;to stop and refrain from committing sins despite their attraction».[9]

Sabr in practice[edit]

According to Qur’an, a practical example of Sabr was described and stated as thus:

«Piety is not to turn your faces to the east or the west; rather, piety is [personified by] those who have faith in Allah and the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets, and who give their wealth, for the love of Him, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveller and the beggar, and for [the freeing of] the slaves, and maintain the prayer and give the zakat, and those who fulfil their covenants, when they pledge themselves, and those who are patient in stress and distress, and in the heat of battle. They are the ones who are true [to their covenant], and it is they who are the Godwary.» (2:177).

Sabirun[edit]

Those who possess ṣabr to a certain extent are called ṣābirūn. Out of the three classes of beings (jinn, angels, and mankind), man alone may possess ṣabr. This is because the animals are entirely governed by their desires and impulses; and the angels are completely occupied by their longing for God, so they have no desires and thus need no ṣabr to overcome them. In man, however, the two impulses (that of desire and that of spirituality) are fighting, where the former is kindled by Satan and the latter by the angels.[1]

Among mankind, there are the pious, who have attained ṣabr by overcoming their animal instincts, called siddiqūn, while some still struggle in this task. Sābirūn are to remain steadfast not only in health and prosperity (where their ṣabr is to be used as gratitude to God) but also in the performance of religious obligations, in refraining from forbidden things and in the event of uncontrollable calamities.[1]

Achieving Sabr[edit]

  1. «The true realisation of any moral virtue occurs when it becomes one’s second nature, such that the person acts according to it without much difficulty or pretention».[10]
  2. Another way to achieve this, is to act ‘as if’ one possesses the virtue, as it was quoted by Imam Ali; “If you are not tolerant, put on the garb of tolerance, because it rarely happens that one imitates a people and does not soon become one of them.”[11]
  3. Thus, Practice and consistency help one develop this virtue as a matter of time.

See also[edit]

  • Political quietism in Islam

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g «Ṣabr», Encyclopaedia of Islam
  2. ^ «Shukr», Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  3. ^ Hans Wehr, p. 1299 see also باب كفارة الايمان al-shia.org
  4. ^ Quran 12:18
  5. ^ Quran 14:5
  6. ^ Quran 52:88. Quoted by Watt, p. 12
  7. ^ Watt, p. 5–19
  8. ^ a b Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Mafātīḥ al-g̲h̲ayb, Cairo 1278, on III, 200. Quoted in «Sabr», Encyclopaedia of Islam
  9. ^ Sheikh Kulayni (2014). Usul Kofi. Amazon.com. ISBN 9786005605051.
  10. ^ Muhammad Mahdi Abi Dharr Al Naraqi (2015). Jami’AlSa’dat. Create space Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781519184672.
  11. ^ Imam Ali Ibn Abu Talib (2013). Nahjul Balagha. Amazon.com.

References[edit]

  • Giese, Alma; Reinhart, A.K. «S̲h̲ukr». Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 29 April 2008
  • Nemoy, Leon; Izutsu, Toshihiko (July 1969). «Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’ān by Toshihiko Izutsu». The Jewish Quarterly Review. University of Pennsylvania Press. 60 (1): 70–72. doi:10.2307/1453525. JSTOR 1453525.
  • Watt, William Montgomery. «Suffering in Sunnite Islam». Studia Islamica, no. 50 (1979), p. 5-19.
  • Wensinck, A.J. «Ṣabr». Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 29 April 2008

External links[edit]

  • Sabar Quotes — ReadBeach.com
Источник

This article is about the concept in Islam. For other uses, see SABR (disambiguation).

Sabr (Arabic: صَبْرٌ, romanized: ṣabr) (literally ‘endurance’ or more accurately ‘perseverance’ and ‘persistence’[1]) is one of the two parts of faith (the other being shukr) in Islam.[2] It teaches to remain spiritually steadfast and to keep doing good actions in the personal and collective domain, specifically when facing opposition or encountering problems, setbacks, or unexpected and unwanted results. It is patience in the face of all unexpected and unwanted outcomes.

EtymologyEdit

Arabic lexicographers suggest[citation needed] that the root ṣ-b-r, of which ṣabr is the nominalization, means to bind or restrain. The word ṣabr has a special technical application in the expression yamīn aṣ-ṣabr (يمين الصبر), which refers to perjury.[3]

In the QuranEdit

In the Quran, words that are derived from the root ṣ-b-r occur frequently, with the general meaning of persisting on the right path when under adverse circumstance, whether internal or external, personal or collective. For example, Muhammad is told to be patient like the Apostles of God before him ( 38:16); ( 46:34). The Qur’an promises those who face difficulty and yet persist on the right path, a double reward ( 28:54). The concept is also in jihad, ( 3:140) where it is translated as «endurance» or «tenacity». It is also used when God commands Muslims to serve Him: XIX, 66, «Serve Him and persevere in His service.» ( 19:66). Sometimes ṣabr is associated with the salāt ( 2:45, 2:153). According to the Qur’an commentators, ṣabr in these passages is synonymous with fasting, as the month of Ramadan was given the name s̲h̲ahr ṣabr (meaning month of patience).[1]

The word is found with the meaning resignation(acceptance), for example in the sura of Yusuf,[4] Yaqub(As.), on hearing of the death of his son, says «[My best course is] fitting resignation(acceptance)», where resignation(acceptance) is the most appropriate translation for sabar. The Quran also uses the adjective ṣabbār.[5] This concept is related to shukr (meaning gratitude).[1]

In Quran there is usually a close connection between being patiently persisting in doing right and expecting relief
or deliverance from God (tawakkul). Thus Muhammad is told to be «patient till your Lord decides, for you are in Our sight».[6][7]

  • «Seek God (Allah)’s help with patient perseverance and prayer. It is indeed hard except for those who are humble.» (2:45)
  • «O you who believe! Seek help with patient perseverance and prayer, for God is with those who patiently persevere.» (2:153)
  • «Be sure We shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods, lives, and the fruits of your toil.»
  • «But give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere. Those who say, when afflicted with calamity, ‘To Allah we belong, and to Him is our return.’ They are those on whom descend blessings from their Lord, and mercy. They are the ones who receive guidance.» (2:155–157)
  • «O you who believe! Persevere in patience and constancy. Vie in such perseverance, strengthen each other, and be pious, that you may prosper.» (3:200)
  • «And be steadfast in patience, for verily Allah will not suffer the reward of the righteous to perish.» (11:115)
  • «Be patient, for your patience is with the help of Allah.» (16:127)
  • «Patiently, then, persevere—for the Promise of Allah is true, and ask forgiveness for your faults, and celebrate the praises of your Lord in the evening and in the morning.» (40:55)
  • «No one will be granted such goodness except those who exercise patience and self-restraint, none but persons of the greatest good fortune.» (41:35)
  • «Verily man is in loss, except such as have faith, and do righteous deeds, and join together in the mutual enjoining of truth, and of patience (perseverance on good) and constancy.» (103:2–3)
  • «It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards East or West. But it is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day, And the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; To spend of your substance, out of love for Him, For your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of slaves; To be steadfast in prayer And give in charity; To fulfill the contracts which you have made; And to be firm and patient, in pain and adversity And throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, the God-fearing.» Qur’an 2:177
  • «Through every difficulty there is relief. Verily, through every difficulty there is relief.» Qur’an 94:5–6

Hadiths on significance of ṣabrEdit

Abu Yahya Suhaib b. Sinan said that Muhammad said: «Wondrous are the believer’s affairs. For him there is good in all his affairs, and this is so only for the believer. When something pleasing happens to him, he is grateful, and that is good for him; and when something displeasing happens to him, he is enduring (ṣabr), and that is good for him.» ( Muslim )

Muhammad is reported to have said, «No one had ever been given anything better than ṣabr.» From Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim

Abu Musa al-Ashari reported that Muhammad said, «When a son of a servant of Allah dies, Allah Says to the angels, ‘Have you taken the son of My servant?’ They say, ‘Yes.’ Then Allah Says, ‘Have you taken the fruit of his heart?’ They say, ‘Yes.’ Allah Says, ‘What has My servant said?’ They say, ‘He has praised You and said, ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilaihi rājiʿūn (To Allah we belong and to Him is our return). Then Allah Says, ‘Build a house for My servant in Paradise and call it the house of praise.'» From Tirmidhi, Musnad Ahmad and ibn Habban.

Quotes pertaining to ṣabrEdit

Umar bin Khattab said, «We considered the best part of our lives to be that in which there was ṣabr.» Related by al-Bukhārī (1 l/303) in taʿlīq form, and it has been related in connected form by Imām Ahmad in az-Zuhd with a Ṣaḥīḥ ʾisnād – as al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Hajar mentioned in Fatḥ al-Bārīʾ (11/303).[citation needed]

Ali said, «Indeed ṣabr is from ʾīmān (faith). Its position is like that of the head with respect to the rest of the body.» Then he raised his voice and said, «Verily, there is no ʾīmān (faith) for the one who has no ṣabr.» Related by Hibat Allāh ibn al-Ḥasan al-Lālakāʾī in Sharḥ ʾuṣūl ʾiʿtiqād ʾahl as-sunnah wa-al-jamāʿah (no. 1659), al-Bayhaqī in Shuʿūb al-ʾīmān and Abī Shaybān in Kitāb al-ʾīmān (no. 130), with a slightly different wording.[citation needed]

Imam Ahmad said, «Allāh has mentioned ṣabr (patient perseverance) in over ninety places in His Book (Quran).» Related by Ibn al-Qayyim in Madārij as-Sālikīn (2/152).[citation needed]

ClassificationEdit

Many Muslim scholars have tried to classify and give examples of ṣabr. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam ṣabr is of two kinds:[1]

  1. physical, like the endurance of physical troubles, whether active (such as performing difficult tasks) or passive (such as suffering illnesses), and
  2. the spiritual, such as renunciation in face of natural impulses.

Fakh̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī distinguishes four kinds:[8]

  1. intellectual endurance (for example in disputed points in religious dogma),
  2. endurance in completing tasks one is bound or recommended to do by Islamic law (such as fasting),
  3. being steadfast in refraining from forbidden activities, and
  4. resignation in times of calamity.

He also gives an application of the concept, Muṣābara, in which ones refrains from taking revenge from one’s fellow-creature (like neighbors, People of the Book).[8]

Al-Ghazali said that ṣabr consisted of three parts: maʿrifa (the tree), ḥāl (branches) and ʿamal (the fruits).[1]

In addition to the above, Sabr was also classified as thus:

  1. «Sabr in time of afflictions, that is; to bear the bitterness of troubles and misfortunes.
  1. Sabr in obedience of Allah, that is; to bear the difficulty of performing what we are commanded.
  1. Sabr in guarding against sins, that is;to stop and refrain from committing sins despite their attraction».[9]

Sabr in practiceEdit

According to Qur’an, a practical example of Sabr was described and stated as thus:

«Piety is not to turn your faces to the east or the west; rather, piety is [personified by] those who have faith in Allah and the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets, and who give their wealth, for the love of Him, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveller and the beggar, and for [the freeing of] the slaves, and maintain the prayer and give the zakat, and those who fulfil their covenants, when they pledge themselves, and those who are patient in stress and distress, and in the heat of battle. They are the ones who are true [to their covenant], and it is they who are the Godwary.» (2:177).

SabirunEdit

Those who possess ṣabr to a certain extent are called ṣābirūn. Out of the three classes of beings (jinn, angels, and mankind), man alone may possess ṣabr. This is because the animals are entirely governed by their desires and impulses; and the angels are completely occupied by their longing for God, so they have no desires and thus need no ṣabr to overcome them. In man, however, the two impulses (that of desire and that of spirituality) are fighting, where the former is kindled by Satan and the latter by the angels.[1]

Among mankind, there are the pious, who have attained ṣabr by overcoming their animal instincts, called siddiqūn, while some still struggle in this task. Sābirūn are to remain steadfast not only in health and prosperity (where their ṣabr is to be used as gratitude to God) but also in the performance of religious obligations, in refraining from forbidden things and in the event of uncontrollable calamities.[1]

Achieving SabrEdit

  1. «The true realisation of any moral virtue occurs when it becomes one’s second nature, such that the person acts according to it without much difficulty or pretention».[10]
  2. Another way to achieve this, is to act ‘as if’ one possesses the virtue, as it was quoted by Imam Ali; “If you are not tolerant, put on the garb of tolerance, because it rarely happens that one imitates a people and does not soon become one of them.”[11]
  3. Thus, Practice and consistency help one develop this virtue as a matter of time.

See alsoEdit

  • Political quietism in Islam

NotesEdit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g «Ṣabr», Encyclopaedia of Islam
  2. ^ «Shukr», Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  3. ^ Hans Wehr, p. 1299 see also باب كفارة الايمان al-shia.org
  4. ^ Quran 12:18
  5. ^ Quran 14:5
  6. ^ Quran 52:88. Quoted by Watt, p. 12
  7. ^ Watt, p. 5–19
  8. ^ a b Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Mafātīḥ al-g̲h̲ayb, Cairo 1278, on III, 200. Quoted in «Sabr», Encyclopaedia of Islam
  9. ^ Sheikh Kulayni (2014). Usul Kofi. Amazon.com. ISBN 9786005605051.
  10. ^ Muhammad Mahdi Abi Dharr Al Naraqi (2015). Jami’AlSa’dat. Create space Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781519184672.
  11. ^ Imam Ali Ibn Abu Talib (2013). Nahjul Balagha. Amazon.com.

ReferencesEdit

  • Giese, Alma; Reinhart, A.K. «S̲h̲ukr». Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 29 April 2008
  • Nemoy, Leon; Izutsu, Toshihiko (July 1969). «Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’ān by Toshihiko Izutsu». The Jewish Quarterly Review. University of Pennsylvania Press. 60 (1): 70–72. doi:10.2307/1453525. JSTOR 1453525.
  • Watt, William Montgomery. «Suffering in Sunnite Islam». Studia Islamica, no. 50 (1979), p. 5-19.
  • Wensinck, A.J. «Ṣabr». Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 29 April 2008

External linksEdit

  • Sabar Quotes — ReadBeach.com
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На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «сабр» на английский


Когда речь идет о злоупотреблении или притеснении, исключительно важно понимать истинное значение слова «сабр»: когда оно применимо, а когда нет.



In the context of abuse or oppression it is extremely important to understand the meaning of the word ‘Sabr‘, when it applies and when it does not apply.


«САБР» был создан как первый Центр доверия для женщин и детей, попавших в кризисную ситуацию в ноябре 1996 года.



«Sabr» had been founded and established as the first center of trust for women and children who fall in crisis situation in November 1996.


Центр СЭР «Сабр» объявил Х ежегодный конкурс плакатов и рисунков.



Socio-economical development center «SABR» announced X annual competition of posters and pictures.


Тренерами Центра СЭР «Сабр» проводились тренинги с учащимися колледжей, среди сельских женщин, для работников образования для повышения осведомленности населения о проблеме домашнего насилия на тему «Конфликты.



The trainees of the Socio-economical development center SABR carried out the trainings with the students of colleges, among the rural women, for workers of education for the purpose of increasing of awareness of population about the problem of domestic violence on the topic Conflicts.


«Каждая капля на счету», — написано на плакате в штаб-квартире южно-африканского банка грудного молока (САБР), сеть банков, которые поставляют молоко в 87 больниц и кормят более 2800 детей в течении года.



‘Every drop counts’, said a poster at the headquarters of the South African Breastmilk Reserve (SABR), a network of milk banks which supply 87 hospitals and fed over 2,800 children in 2015.


Одна из моих соседок получила микрозайм от ДП «Микрокредитная организация Сабр».



One of my neighbors secured a microloan from the Sabr Microcredit Organization.


В ходе встречи гостям была представлена информация об истории создания ННО «САБР» и сотрудничества с английской ННО «Хейвен-Вулверхемптон» на протяжении 18 лет.



During the meeting the guests were performed information about history of creation of NGO «SABR» and partnership with English NGO «Haven — Wolverhampton» during 18 years.


В августе 2016 года организация перерегистрирована как Республиканский Центр социально-экономического развития «САБР».



In August 2016 the organization was reregistered as a «SABR» National Center for Socio-Economic Development.


Получение гранта НОВИБ «Организационное и институциональное развитие Центра доверия «Сабр».



Grant from NOVIB for Organizational and institutional development of the Trust Center SABR .


Ежегодно, начиная с 2002 года, Центр СЭР «Сабр» проводит акцию «16 дней против насилия» в поддержку международной акции ООН и тем самым вносит свой посильный вклад для предотвращения насилия в семье и обществе.



Annually, since 2002, the Socio-economical development center «SABR» carries out the action «16 days against the violence» in support of the international action of the UNO and thus makes its contribution into prevention of the violence in the family and society.


За период реализации проекта, осуществляемого совместно с Центром «САБР»,150 молодым женщинам и девушкам привиты навыки шитья, компьютерной грамотности и парикмахерского дела.



Since the launch of the project, run in collaboration with Sabr Centre, around 150 young women and girls have learned sewing and hairdressing skills as well as computer literacy skills.


Концерт явился заключительным этапом Международной акции «16 дней против насилия» на тему: От мира в доме, к миру во всем мире!» проводимого Центром Социально-экономического развития «Сабр»



The concert was the final stage of the International action «16 days against the violence» on the theme: «From piece in family, to piece in all over the world!» carried out by the Socio-economical development center «SABR«.


«Сабр» признан лауреатом премии США и Европейского Союза «За заслуги в развитии демократии и гражданского общества».



«SABR» becomes a laureate of the Democracy and Civil Society Award of the USA and European Union «In recognition of achievements in promoting democratic values and a civil society»


Но после открытия и презентации МЦР в Акдарьинском районе в Центр «САБР» поступило очень много звонков и заявок от жителей других сельских районов Самаркандской области с просьбой открыть подобные центры и в их районах.



However, following the establishment and presentation of the LDC in Akdarya, the Sabr Centre was deluged with phone calls and requests from the residents of other rural areas in Samarkand Region to set up similar centres in their areas.


Тема международной акции тесно переплетается с деятельностью Центра СЭР «Сабр», что нашло свое отражение на презентации деятельности Местных центров развития в городе Самарканде, Ургутском и Акдарьинском районах как в формате слайд-шоу, так и в театрализованной инсценировке.



The theme of the international action closely intertwines with the activity of the Socio-economical development center «SABR«, that was reflected on presentation of the activity of local development centers in Samarkandcity, Urgut and Akdarya districts in the form of slide show and theater performance.


Предпосылкой для проведения совместных мероприятий ННО Великобритании и Узбекистана послужил Международный форум «Социально-экономические инициативы женщин Узбекистана», проведенный в мае 2008 г. в г. Самарканде Центром «САБР» и ННО Хэйвен Вулверхэмптон.



The precursor to joint British-Uzbek events was an international forum titled «Socio-Economic Initiatives of Women in Uzbekistan» put together in May 2008 in Samarkand by SABR and Haven Wolverhampton.


Капа много фотографировал израильтян, сабр и иммигрантов, молодых и старых, религиозных и светских.



Capa, meanwhile, was busily taking evocative pictures of Israelis, sabras and immigrants, young and old, religious and secular.


О терпении, которое мы возводим к арабскому «сабр», много раз упомянуто и в Коране и в хадисах.



We have been apprised of many aspects of Dajjal both in the Qur’an and the Ahadis.


Сабр является понятием присущим только человеку.



Waste is a concept only known to humans.


Частная компьютерная система бронирования (КСБ) «Форте» связана с глобальной системой распределения (ГСР) «Сабр» через интерфейс-коммутатор.



Forte’s proprietary computer reservation system (CRS) is linked to the Sabre global distribution system (GDS) through a switch interface.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 26. Точных совпадений: 26. Затраченное время: 49 мс

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Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Источник

Sabr: перевод, синонимы, произношение, примеры предложений, антонимы, транскрипция

Произношение и транскрипция

Предложения со словом «Sabr»

Others models include the CEV and SABR volatility models.

Другие модели включают модели волатильности CEV и SABR.

Many Muslim scholars have tried to classify and give examples of ṣabr.

Многие мусульманские ученые пытались классифицировать и привести примеры шабра.

Those who possess ṣabr to a certain extent are called ṣābirūn.

Тех, кто обладает шабром в определенной степени, называют сабирун.

Anyway, the original research that I was speaking about wasn’t SABR nor was it shades of Glory.

Во всяком случае, первоначальное исследование, о котором я говорил, не было ни SABR, ни shades of Glory.

SABR aren’t the god’s in baseball records.

Сабр — это не бог в бейсбольных рекордах.

I have to break in here and say that arguing over whether SABR is singular or plural is really not helping anything.

Я должен ворваться сюда и сказать, что спор о том, является ли сабр единственным или множественным числом, на самом деле ничему не помогает.

Словосочетания

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Как сказать сабр на разных языках мира?

На данной странице вы сможете узнать как сказать сабр жителям разных стран мира на их родном языке

сабр на языках мира

Английский

Сказать сабр как sabra вы можете в следующих странах: Австралия;
Американское Самоа;
Ангилья;
Антигуа и Барбуда;
Багамы;
Барбадос;
Белиз;
Бермуды;
Ботсвана;
Британская Территория в Индийском Океане;
Британские Виргинские Острова;
Виргинские Острова (США);
Гайана;
Гамбия;
Гана;
Гернси;
Гибралтар;
Гренада;
Гуам;
Джерси;
Доминика;
Замбия;
Зимбабве;
Индия;
Ирландия;
Камерун;
Канада;
Кения;
Кирибати;
Королевство Эсватини;
Лесото;
Либерия;
Маврикий;
Микронезия;
Монтсеррат;
Намибия;
Нигерия;
Новая зеландия;
Остров Мэн;
Остров Норфолк;
Остров Рождества;
Остров Святой Елены;
Острова Кайман;
Острова Кука;
Папуа Новая Гвинея;
Питкэрн;
Пуэрто-Рико;
Сейшелы;
Сент-Винсент и Гренадины;
Сент-Китс и Невис;
Сент-Люсия;
Соединенное Королевство;
Соединенные Штаты Америки;
Соломоновы Острова;
Сьерра-Леоне;
Теркс и Кайкос;
Тринидад и Тобаго;
Уганда;
Фиджи;
Фолклендские острова;
Южная Георгия и Южные Сандвичевы Острова;
Южный Судан;
Ямайка;

Французский

sabra

Сказать сабр как sabra вы можете в следующих странах: Бенин;
Буркина Фасо;
Бурунди;
Габон;
Гваделупа;
Гвинея;
Демократическая Республика Конго;
Джибути;
Кот-д’Ивуар;
Мадагаскар;
Майотта;
Мали;
Мартиника;
Монако;
Нигер;
Республика Конго;
Реюньон;
Сен-Бартелеми;
Сен-Мартен;
Сен-Пьер и Микелон;
Сенегал;
Того;
Франция;
Французская Гвиана;
Французская Полинезия;
Французские Южные и Антарктические территории;
Центрально-Африканская Республика;
Чад;

Португальский

sabra

Сказать сабр как sabra вы можете в следующих странах: Ангола;
Бразилия;
Гвинея-Бисау;
Кабо-Верде;
Мозамбик;
Португалия;
Сан-Томе и Принсипи;

Немецкий

sabra

Сказать сабр как sabra вы можете в следующих странах: Австрия;
Германия;
Лихтенштейн;
Швейцария;

Итальянский

sabra

Сказать сабр как sabra вы можете в следующих странах: Италия;
Сан-Марино;

Турецкий

sabır

Сказать сабр как sabır вы можете в следующих странах: Турция;

Украинский

сабра

Сказать сабр как сабра вы можете в следующих странах: Украина;

сабр в разных странах

Австралия

sabra

Английский

Американское Самоа

sabra

Английский

Ангола

sabra

Португальский

Антигуа и Барбуда

sabra

Английский

Барбадос

sabra

Английский

Ботсвана

sabra

Английский

Бразилия

sabra

Португальский

Британская Территория в Индийском Океане

sabra

Английский

Британские Виргинские Острова

sabra

Английский

Буркина Фасо

sabra

Французский

Бурунди

sabra

Французский

Виргинские Острова (США)

sabra

Английский

Гваделупа

sabra

Французский

Гвинея-Бисау

sabra

Португальский

Гибралтар

sabra

Английский

Демократическая Республика Конго

sabra

Французский

Джибути

sabra

Французский

Доминика

sabra

Английский

Зимбабве

sabra

Английский

Ирландия

sabra

Английский

Кабо-Верде

sabra

Португальский

Кирибати

sabra

Английский

Королевство Эсватини

sabra

Английский

Кот-д’Ивуар

sabra

Французский

Лихтенштейн

sabra

Немецкий

Маврикий

sabra

Английский

Мадагаскар

sabra

Французский

Майотта

sabra

Французский

Мартиника

sabra

Французский

Микронезия

sabra

Английский

Мозамбик

sabra

Португальский

Монтсеррат

sabra

Английский

Новая зеландия

sabra

Английский

Остров Мэн

sabra

Английский

Остров Норфолк

sabra

Английский

Остров Рождества

sabra

Английский

Остров Святой Елены

sabra

Английский

Острова Кайман

sabra

Английский

Острова Кука

sabra

Английский

Папуа Новая Гвинея

sabra

Английский

Португалия

sabra

Португальский

Пуэрто-Рико

sabra

Английский

Республика Конго

sabra

Французский

Реюньон

sabra

Французский

Сан-Марино

sabra

Итальянский

Сан-Томе и Принсипи

sabra

Португальский

Сен-Бартелеми

sabra

Французский

Сен-Мартен

sabra

Французский

Сен-Пьер и Микелон

sabra

Французский

Сенегал

sabra

Французский

Сент-Винсент и Гренадины

sabra

Английский

Сент-Китс и Невис

sabra

Английский

Сент-Люсия

sabra

Английский

Соединенное Королевство

sabra

Английский

Соединенные Штаты Америки

sabra

Английский

Соломоновы Острова

sabra

Английский

Сьерра-Леоне

sabra

Английский

Теркс и Кайкос

sabra

Английский

Тринидад и Тобаго

sabra

Английский

Фолклендские острова

sabra

Английский

Франция

sabra

Французский

Французская Гвиана

sabra

Французский

Французская Полинезия

sabra

Французский

Французские Южные и Антарктические территории

sabra

Французский

Центрально-Африканская Республика

sabra

Французский

Южная Георгия и Южные Сандвичевы Острова

sabra

Английский

Южный Судан

sabra

Английский

Источник

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