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Sailor Moon (Japanese: 美少女戦士セーラームーン, Hepburn: Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn, originally translated as Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon^[1] and later as Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon^[2][3]) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Naoko Takeuchi. It was originally serialized in Kodansha’s shōjo manga magazine Nakayoshi from 1991 to 1997; the 52 individual chapters were published in 18 volumes. The series follows the adventures of a schoolgirl named Usagi Tsukino as she transforms into the eponymous character to search for a magical artifact, the «Legendary Silver Crystal» (「幻の銀水晶」, Maboroshi no Ginsuishō, lit. «Phantom Silver Crystal»). She leads a group of comrades, the Sailor Soldiers, called Sailor Guardians in later editions, as they battle against villains to prevent the theft of the Silver Crystal and the destruction of the Solar System.

Sailor Moon
Cover of the first volume of Sailor Moon, featuring the titular character
美少女戦士セーラームーン (Bishōjo Senshi Sērāmūn)
Genre	Magical girl
Manga
Written by	Naoko Takeuchi
Published by	Kodansha
English publisher	AUS Penguin Books Australia NA Tokyopop (former) Kodansha Comics UK Turnaround Publisher Services
Magazine	Nakayoshi
English magazine	NA Mixxzine, Smile
Demographic	Shōjo
Original run	December 28, 1991 – February 3, 1997
Volumes	18 (first edition) 12 (second edition) 10 (third edition) (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Sailor Moon (1992–1997) Sailor Moon Crystal (2014–2016)
Other media
Codename: Sailor V (1991–1997) Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (live-action, 2003) Films: Sailor Moon R: The Movie (1993) Sailor Moon S: The Movie (1994) Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie (1995) Sailor Moon Eternal (2021) Sailor Moon Cosmos (2023) Collectible Card Game Musicals Soundtracks Video games
Anime and manga portal

The manga was adapted into an anime series produced by Toei Animation and broadcast in Japan from 1992 to 1997.^[4][5] Toei also developed three animated feature films, a television special, and three short films based on the anime. A live-action television adaptation, Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, aired from 2003 to 2004, and a second anime series, Sailor Moon Crystal, began simulcasting in 2014. The manga series was licensed for an English language release by Kodansha Comics in North America, and in Australia and New Zealand by Random House Australia. The entire anime series has been licensed by Viz Media for an English language release in North America and by Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand.

Since its release, Sailor Moon has received acclaim, with praise for its art, characterization, and humor. The manga has sold over 46 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling manga series, as well as one of the best-selling shōjo manga series of all time.^[6] The franchise has also generated $13 billion in worldwide merchandise sales.

PlotEdit

One day in Juban, Tokyo, a middle-school student named Usagi Tsukino befriends Luna, a talking black cat who gives her a magical brooch enabling her to transform into Sailor Moon: a soldier destined to save Earth from the forces of evil. Luna and Usagi assemble a team of fellow Sailor Guardians to find their princess and the Silver Crystal. They encounter the studious Ami Mizuno, who awakens as Sailor Mercury; Rei Hino, a local Shinto shrine maiden who awakens as Sailor Mars; Makoto Kino, a tall and strong transfer student who awakens as Sailor Jupiter; and Minako Aino, a young aspiring idol who had awakened as Sailor Venus a few months prior, accompanied by her talking feline companion Artemis. Additionally, they befriend Mamoru Chiba, a high school student who assists them on occasion as Tuxedo Mask.

In the first arc, the group battles the Dark Kingdom, whose members attempt to find the Silver Crystal and free an imprisoned, evil entity called Queen Metaria. Usagi and her team discover that in their previous lives they were members of the ancient Moon Kingdom in a period of time called the Silver Millennium. The Dark Kingdom waged war against them, resulting in the destruction of the Moon Kingdom. Its ruler Queen Serenity sent her daughter Princess Serenity, reincarnated as Usagi, along with her protectors the Sailor Guardians, their feline advisers Luna and Artemis, and the princess’s true love Prince Endymion, who in turn was reborn as Mamoru.

At the beginning of the second arc, the Sailor Guardians meet Usagi and Mamoru’s future daughter Chibiusa, who arrives from a 30th-century version of Tokyo known as «Crystal Tokyo», which is ruled by Neo Queen Serenity, Usagi of the future and has been attacked by the group of villains known as the Black Moon Clan. During their journey, Sailor Moon and her friends meet Sailor Pluto, Guardian of the Time-Space Door. During the climactic battle of the arc, Sailor Pluto dies trying to save the sailor soldiers and Chibiusa was brainwashed by the enemy and turned into the Black Lady, but was eventually reformed and awakens as a Guardian herself—Sailor Chibi Moon.

The third arc introduces car-racer Haruka Tenoh and violinist Michiru Kaioh, who appear as Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune, whose duty is to guard the Solar System from external threats. Physics student Setsuna Meioh, Sailor Pluto’s reincarnation, joins Uranus and Neptune in their mission to kill a mysterious girl named Hotaru Tomoe, whom they identify as the Guardian of Destruction Sailor Saturn. However, when Saturn awakens she joins the final fight against the main antagonists of the arc, the Death Busters, sacrificing her life in the process. With her newly obtained powers as Super Sailor Moon, Usagi restores the Earth and Hotaru is reincarnated as a baby.

The fourth arc explores the Sailor Guardians’ dreams and nightmares when the villainous group Dead Moon Circus exploits the Guardians’ deepest fears, invades Elysion (which hosts the Earth’s Golden Kingdom), and captures its high priest Helios, who turned into a Pegasus and tried to ask Guardians for help. This storyline also addresses Mamoru’s relevance as protector of the Earth and owner of the Golden Crystal, the sacred stone of the Golden Kingdom. Mamoru and all ten of the reunited Guardians combine their powers, enabling Usagi to transform into Eternal Sailor Moon and defeat Dead Moon’s leader, Queen Nehelenia.

In the final arc the Sailor Starlights from the Kinmoku system, their ruler Princess Kakyuu, and the mysterious little girl Chibi-Chibi join Usagi in her fight against Shadow Galactica, a group of both corrupted and false Sailor Guardians and led by Sailor Galaxia, who have been rampaging across the galaxy and killing other Sailor Guardians to steal their Star Seeds, Sailor Crystals—the essence of their lives. After Mamoru and all of the main Solar System Guardians are killed by Shadow Galactica, Usagi travels to the Galaxy Cauldron, the birthplace of all Star Seeds of the Milky Way, in an attempt to revive her loved ones and to confront Chaos, the source of all strife in the galaxy.

ProductionEdit

Creation of Sailor MoonEdit

Naoko Takeuchi redeveloped Sailor Moon from her 1991 manga serial Codename: Sailor V, which was first published on August 20, 1991, and featured Sailor Venus as the main protagonist.^[7] Takeuchi wanted to create a story with a theme about girls in outer space. While discussing with her editor Fumio Osano, he suggested the addition of Sailor fuku.^[8] When Codename: Sailor V was proposed for adaptation into an anime by Toei Animation, Takeuchi redeveloped the concept so Sailor Venus became a member of a team.^[9][10] The resulting manga series became a fusion of the popular magical girl genre and the Super Sentai series, of which Takeuchi was a fan.^[11] Recurring motifs include astronomy,^[8] astrology, gemology, Greco-Roman mythology,^[12] Japanese elemental themes,^[13]: 286 teen fashions,^[12][14] and schoolgirl antics.^[14]

Takeuchi said discussions with Kodansha originally envisaged a single story arc;^[15] the storyline was developed in meetings a year before serialization began.^[16]: 93 After completing the arc, Toei and Kodansha asked Takeuchi to continue the series. She wrote four more story arcs,^[15] which were often published simultaneously with the five corresponding seasons of the anime adaptation. The anime ran one or two months behind the manga.^[16]: 93 As a result, the anime follows the storyline of the manga fairly closely, although there are deviations.^[17] Takeuchi later said because Toei’s production staff were mostly male, she feels the anime has «a slight male perspective.»^[17]

Takeuchi later said she planned to kill off the protagonists, but Osano rejected the notion and said, «[Sailor Moon] is a shōjo manga!» When the anime adaptation was produced, the protagonists were killed in the final battle with the Dark Kingdom, although they were revived. Takeuchi resented that she was unable to do that in her version.^[18] Takeuchi also intended for the Sailor Moon anime adaptation to last for one season, but due to the immense popularity, Toei asked Takeuchi to continue the series. At first, she struggled to develop another storyline to extend the series. While discussing with Osano, he suggested the inclusion of Usagi’s daughter from the future, Chibiusa.^[18]

WesternizationEdit

After the Sailor Moon anime was released in North America and dubbed in English, fans and academics alike noted that the dub had westernized Sailor Moon from how it had been released in Japan. In the 1990s English version of Sailor Moon, the westernization of the characters is seen in how a majority of the character names are changed from Japanese to English names.^[19] Sailor Moon’s civilian name, Usagi Tsukino, is turned into Serena.^[19] The love interest of Sailor Moon, Mamoru Chiba, is turned into Darien Shields.^[20] Other examples of westernization referenced by Sailor Moon‘s audience were things like flipping scenes of traffic to have cars drive on the right side of the road along with the English dub changing any conversations between characters that contained lesser-known (in the United States at the time) Japanese cultural references.^[21] According to Bandai America, the company in charge of Sailor Moon merchandise in the western hemisphere, the approach to advertising Sailor Moon was to make the show and super-heroine «‘culturally appropriate’ for the American market».^[22]

LGBTQ+ censorshipEdit

The 1990s Sailor Moon anime also faced censorship internationally of characteristics regarded as LGBTQ, or not «heteronormative».^[19] Censorship in various countries ranged from changing a character’s gender to removing gender fluidness in characters, or editing romantic pairings into close relationships between family members.^[23] English Professor Diana Burgos of Florida Atlantic University identifies that the 2014 remake of Sailor Moon titled Sailor Moon Crystal retains a lot of the central themes about gender and sexual identity that is showcased within both the manga and Japanese Sailor Moon anime, but removed from the 1990s Sailor Moon dub.^[19] Sociology professor Rhea Hoskin specifies that the removal of homosexual and gender-fluid characters in the 1990s Sailor Moon highlights the exclusivity of what was otherwise representation of LGBTQ in a female-lead superhero show.^[24] For more specific details on the differences between the 1992 dub and Japanese version, refer to the editing section on the Sailor Moon TV series.

MediaEdit

MangaEdit

Written and illustrated by Naoko Takeuchi, Sailor Moon was serialized in the monthly manga anthology Nakayoshi from December 28, 1991, to February 3, 1997.^[7] The side-stories were serialized simultaneously in RunRun—another of Kodansha’s manga magazines.^[7] The 52 individual chapters were published in 18 tankōbon volumes by Kodansha from July 6, 1992, to April 4, 1997.^[25][26] In 2003, the chapters were re-released in a collection of 12 shinzōban volumes to coincide with the release of the live-action series.^[27] The manga was retitled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon and included new cover art,^[28] and revised dialogue and illustrations. The ten individual short stories were also released in two volumes.^[29][30] In 2013, the chapters were once again re-released in 10 kanzenban volumes to commemorate the manga’s 20th anniversary, which includes digitally remastered artwork, new covers and color artwork from its Nakayoshi run.^[31] The books have been enlarged from the typical Japanese manga size to A5.^[32][33] The short stories were republished in two volumes, with the order of the stories shuffled. Codename: Sailor V was also included in the third edition.^[33]

The Sailor Moon manga was initially licensed for an English release by Mixx (later Tokyopop) in North America. The manga was first published as a serial in MixxZine beginning in 1997, but was later removed from the magazine and made into a separate, low print monthly comic to finish the first, second and third arcs. At the same time, the fourth and fifth arcs were printed in a secondary magazine called Smile.^[34] Pages from the Tokyopop version of the manga ran daily in the Japanimation Station, a service accessible to users of America Online.^[35] The series was later collected into a three-part graphic novel series spanning eighteen volumes, which were published from December 1, 1998, to September 18, 2001.^[36][37] In May 2005, Tokyopop’s license to the Sailor Moon manga expired, and its edition went out of print.^[38]

In 2011, Kodansha Comics announced they had acquired the license for the Sailor Moon manga and its lead-in series Codename: Sailor V in English.^[39] They published the twelve volumes of Sailor Moon simultaneously with the two-volume edition of Codename Sailor V from September 2011 to July 2013.^[40][41][42] The first of the two related short story volumes was published on September 10, 2013;^[43] the second was published on November 26, 2013.^[44] At Anime Expo 2017, Kodansha Comics announced plans to re-release Sailor Moon in an «Eternal Edition», featuring a new English translation, new cover artwork by Takeuchi, and color pages from the manga’s original run, printed on extra-large premium paper.^[45][46] The first Eternal Edition volume was published on September 11, 2018;^[47] the tenth and final volume was published on October 20, 2020.^[48] On July 1, 2019, Kondasha Comics began releasing the Eternal Editions digitally,^[49] following an announcement the day before about the series being released digitally in ten different languages.^[50] In November 2020, Kodansha Comics announced plans to re-release the Sailor Moon manga again as part of their «Naoko Takeuchi Collection».^[51] The company described the new edition as a «more affordable, portable» version of the Eternal Edition. The first volume will be published on April 5, 2022.^[52]

Sailor Moon has also been licensed in other English-speaking countries. In the United Kingdom, the volumes are distributed by Turnaround Publisher Services.^[53] In Australia, the manga is distributed by Penguin Books Australia.^[54]

The manga has been licensed in Russia and CIS for distribution by XL-Media publishing company, a subdivision of Eksmo publishing company. The first volume was released in 2018.^[55]

Anime seriesEdit

OverviewEdit

No.	Title	Episodes	Originally aired / Release date	Direction
First aired	Last aired
Sailor Moon
	1	Sailor Moon	46	March 7, 1992	February 27, 1993	Junichi Sato
	2	Sailor Moon R	43	March 6, 1993	March 12, 1994	Kunihiko Ikuhara, Junichi Sato (#1−13)
Movie	Sailor Moon R: The Movie	December 5, 1993	Kunihiko Ikuhara
	3	Sailor Moon S	38	March 19, 1994	February 25, 1995
Movie	Sailor Moon S: The Movie	December 4, 1994	Hiroki Shibata
	4	Sailor Moon SuperS	39	March 4, 1995	March 2, 1996	Kunihiko Ikuhara
Movie	Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie	December 23, 1995	Hiroki Shibata
	5	Sailor Moon Sailor Stars	34	March 9, 1996	February 8, 1997	Takuya Igarashi
Sailor Moon Crystal
	6	Season I: Dark Kingdom	14	July 5, 2014	January 17, 2015	Munehisa Sakai
	7	Season II: Black Moon	12	February 7, 2015	July 18, 2015
	8	Season III: Death Busters	13	April 4, 2016	June 27, 2016	Chiaki Kon
Movie	Sailor Moon Eternal -Part 1-	January 8, 2021
Movie	Sailor Moon Eternal -Part 2-	February 11, 2021
Movie	Sailor Moon Cosmos -Part 1-	June 9, 2023	Tomoya Takahashi
Movie	Sailor Moon Cosmos -Part 2-	June 30, 2023
Total	239 + 7	March 7, 1992	June 27, 2016	—

Sailor MoonEdit

Toei Animation produced an anime television series based on the 52 manga chapters, also titled Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon.^[4][5] Junichi Sato directed the first season, Kunihiko Ikuhara took over second through fourth season, and Takuya Igarashi directed the fifth and final season.^[56] The series premiered in Japan on TV Asahi on March 7, 1992, and ran for 200 episodes until its conclusion on February 8, 1997. Upon its release, the show quickly rose to be Toei Animation’s highest ranked TV series.^[57] Most of the international versions, including the English adaptations, are titled Sailor Moon.

Sailor Moon CrystalEdit

On July 6, 2012, Kodansha and Toei Animation announced that it would commence production of a new anime adaptation of Sailor Moon, called Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Crystal, for a simultaneous worldwide release in 2013 as part of the series’s 20th anniversary celebrations,^[58][59][60] and stated that it would be a closer adaptation of the manga than the first anime.^[61] Crystal premiered on July 5, 2014, and new episodes would air on the first and third Saturdays of each month.^[62] New cast were announced, along with Kotono Mitsuishi reprising her role as Sailor Moon.^[63] The first two seasons were released together, covering their corresponding arcs of the manga (Dark Kingdom and Black Moon). A third season based on the Infinity arc on the manga premiered on Japanese television on April 4, 2016, known as Death Busters arc in this adaptation.^[64] Munehisa Sakai directed the first and second season, while Chiaki Kon directed the third season.

Films and television specialsEdit

Three animated theatrical feature films based on the original Sailor Moon series have been released in Japan: Sailor Moon R: The Movie in 1993, followed by Sailor Moon S: The Movie in 1994, and Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie in 1995. The films are side-stories that do not correlate with the timeline of the original series. A one-hour television special was aired on TV Asahi in Japan on April 8, 1995.^[65] Kunihiko Ikuhara directed the first film, while the latter two were directed by Hiroki Shibata.

In 1997, an article in Variety stated that The Walt Disney Company was interested in originally acquiring the rights to Sailor Moon as a live action film to be directed by Stanley Tong & Geena Davis set to star as Queen Beryl, along with Winona Ryder & Elisabeth Shue planning to star in the film.^[66] After Disney put the project into turnaround, Universal Pictures acquired the film rights.^{[citation needed]}

In 2017, it was revealed that Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Crystal anime’s fourth season would be produced as a two-part theatrical anime film project, adapting the Dream arc from the manga.^[67] On June 30, 2019, it was announced that the title of the films will be Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal The Movie.^[68][69] The first film was originally to be released on September 11, 2020,^[70] but was postponed and released on January 8, 2021, and the second film was released on February 11, 2021.^[71] Chiaki Kon returned from Crystal‘s third season to direct the two films.^[67]

In 2022, it was announced that a sequel to Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal The Movie, covering the Stars arc of the manga would also be produced as a two-part theatrical anime film project, titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Cosmos The Movie. Tomoya Takahashi is directing the two films, and will be released on June 9, and June 30, 2023.^[72]

Companion booksEdit

There have been numerous companion books to Sailor Moon. Kodansha released some of these books for each of the five story arcs, collectively called the Original Picture Collection. The books contain cover art, promotional material and other work by Takeuchi. Many of the drawings are accompanied by comments on the way she developed her ideas, created each picture and commentary on the anime interpretation of her story.^{[1][73][74][75][76]} Another picture collection, Volume Infinity, was released as a self-published, limited-edition artbook after the end of the series in 1997. This art book includes drawings by Takeuchi and her friends, her staff, and many of the voice actors who worked on the anime. In 1999, Kodansha published the Materials Collection; this contained development sketches and notes for nearly every character in the manga, and for some characters that never appeared. Each drawing includes notes by Takeuchi about costume pieces, the mentality of the characters and her feelings about them. It also includes timelines for the story arcs and for the real-life release of products and materials relating to the anime and manga. A short story, Parallel Sailor Moon is also featured, celebrating the year of the rabbit.^[15]

NovelsEdit

Sailor Moon was also adapted for publication as novels and released in 1998. The first book was written by Stuart J. Levy. The following novels were written by Lianne Sentar.^[77]

Stage musicalsEdit

In mid-1993, the first musical theater production based on Sailor Moon premiered, starring Anza Ohyama as Sailor Moon. Thirty such musicals in all have been produced, with one in pre-production. The shows’ stories include anime-inspired plotlines and original material. Music from the series has been released on about 20 memorial albums.^[78] The popularity of the musicals has been cited as a reason behind the production of the live-action television series, Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon.^[79]

During the original run musicals ran in the winter and summer of each year, with summer musicals staged at the Sunshine Theater in the Ikebukuro area of Tokyo. In the winter, musicals toured to other large cities in Japan, including Osaka, Fukuoka,^[80] Nagoya, Shizuoka, Kanazawa, Sendai,^[81] Saga, Oita, Yamagata and Fukushima.^[82] The final incarnation of the first run, New Legend of Kaguya Island (Revised Edition) (新・かぐや島伝説 <改訂版>, Shin Kaguyashima Densetsu (Kaiteban)), went on stage in January 2005, following which, Bandai officially put the series on a hiatus.^[83] On June 2, 2013, Fumio Osano announced on his Twitter page that the Sailor Moon musicals would begin again in September 2013.^[84] The 20th anniversary show La Reconquista ran from September 13 to 23 at Shibuya’s AiiA Theater Tokyo, with Satomi Ōkubo as Sailor Moon. Satomi Ōkubo reprised the role in the 2014 production Petite Étrangère which ran from August 21 to September 7, 2014, again at AiiA Theater Tokyo.

Live-action film & seriesEdit

Cancelled Disney film adaptationEdit

Sailor Moon
Directed by	Stanley Tong
Based on	Sailor Moon by Naoko Takeuchi
Starring	Geena Davis Winona Ryder Elisabeth Shue
Production companies	Walt Disney Pictures DIC Entertainment Toei Company
Distributed by	Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
Release date	Cancelled
Country	United States
Language	English

During the 1990s, Disney was going to adapt Sailor Moon into a film under the Walt Disney Pictures banner but however it was cancelled imediatly.^{[85][86][87][88][89][90][91]}

Unrealized American adaptationEdit

In 1993, Renaissance-Atlantic Entertainment, Bandai and Toon Makers, Inc. conceptualized their own version of Sailor Moon, which was half live-action and half Western-style animation.^[92][93] Toon Makers produced a 17-minute proof of concept pilot and a two-minute music video, both of which were directed by Rocky Solotoff, who also worked on the pilot’s script.^[94] Renaissance-Atlantic presented the concept to Toei, but it was turned down as their concept would have cost significantly more than simply exporting and dubbing the anime adaptation.^[95] The companies’ work is believed by Solotoff to have been handed over to Raymond Iacovacci, one of the producers on the project, who stored the pilot script and animation cels in a storage facility.^[96] The logo created for the pilot was kept for the English dub, and Bandai released a «Moon Cycle» as part of its merchandise for the show, based on vehicles designed for the pilot.^[95]

The project was rediscovered in 1998 when the music video was screened at the Anime Expo convention in Los Angeles,^[97] where it was met with laughter by onlookers.^[98][99] A congoer recorded the music video and the audience response, which would later resurface on video sites such as YouTube.^[100] The pilot and the music video would go on to be discussed at conventions such as the 2011 Gen Con and 2012 Anime Expo.^[101][102] It was given the monikers of «Toon Makers’ Sailor Moon» and «Saban Moon» despite having no connection with Saban Entertainment save for Renaissance-Atlantic Entertainment, which worked with the company on Power Rangers.^[103][104] The proof of concept video was widely considered to be lost media and director Solotoff reported that he was frequently contacted by people searching for the pilot.^[96][105] In 2012 multiple animation cels from the pilot, along with the script, surfaced on the internet after a storage locker, believed to be the one owned by Iacovacci, was sold.^[96]

In 1998, Frank Ward, along with his company Renaissance-Atlantic Entertainment, tried to revive the idea of doing a live-action series based on Sailor Moon, this time called Team Angel, without the involvement of Toon Makers. A 2-minute reel was produced and sent to Bandai America, but was also rejected.^[96]

In August 2022, the proof of concept was showcased for the first time on YouTube in a documentary by Ray Mona. Ray Mona obtained both the pilot and its music video, as well and its related materials, from the Library of Congress.^[106]

Pretty Guardian Sailor MoonEdit

In 2003, Toei Company produced a Japanese live-action Sailor Moon television series using the new translated English title of Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon. Its 49 episodes were broadcast on Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting from October 4, 2003, to September 25, 2004.^[107][108] Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon featured Miyuu Sawai as Usagi Tsukino, Rika Izumi (credited as Chisaki Hama) as Ami Mizuno, Keiko Kitagawa as Rei Hino, Mew Azama as Makoto Kino, Ayaka Komatsu as Minako Aino, Jouji Shibue as Mamoru Chiba, Keiko Han reprising her voice role as Luna from the original anime and Kappei Yamaguchi voicing Artemis. The series was an alternate retelling of the Dark Kingdom arc, adding a storyline different from that in the manga and first anime series, with original characters and new plot developments.^[79][109] In addition to the main episodes, two direct-to-video releases appeared after the show ended its television broadcast. «Special Act» is set four years after the main storyline ends, and shows the wedding of the two main characters. «Act Zero» is a prequel showing the origins of Sailor V and Tuxedo Mask.^[110]

Video gamesEdit

The Sailor Moon franchise has spawned several video games across various genres and platforms. Most were made by Bandai and its subsidy Angel; others were produced by Banpresto. The early games were side-scrolling fighters; later ones were unique puzzle games, or versus fighting games. Another Story was a turn-based role-playing video game.^[111] The only Sailor Moon game produced outside Japan, 3VR New Media’s The 3D Adventures of Sailor Moon, went on sale in North America in 1997, They were developed in association with DIC Entertainment, which held the rights to the game and the TV series.^[112] A video game called Sailor Moon: La Luna Splende (Sailor Moon: The Moon Shines) was released on March 16, 2011, for the Nintendo DS.^[113]

Tabletop gamesEdit

The Dyskami Publishing Company released Sailor Moon Crystal Dice Challenge, created by James Ernest of Cheapass Games and based on the Button Men tabletop game in 2017, and Sailor Moon Crystal Truth or Bluff in 2018.^{[114][115][116]}

Theme park attractionsEdit

A Sailor Moon attraction, Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: The Miracle 4-D, was announced for Universal Studios Japan.^[117] It featured Sailor Moon and the Inner Guardians arriving at the theme park, only to discover and stop the Youma’s plan from stealing people’s energies. The attraction ran from March 16 through July 24, 2018.

The sequel attraction, Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: The Miracle 4-D: Moon Palace arc, ran from May 31, 2019, to August 25, 2019. It featured all 10 Sailor Guardians and Super Sailor Moon.^[118]

In January 2022, a new attraction was announced titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: The Miracle 4-D ~Moon Palace arc~ Deluxe. The attraction will feature the same storyline as the last and feature the Sailor Guardians in their princess forms. It will run from March 4, 2022, to August 28, 2022.^[119]

Ice skating showEdit

An ice skating show of Sailor Moon was announced on June 30, 2019, starring Evgenia Medvedeva as the lead.^[120] The name for the ice-skating show was announced as Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: Prism on Ice, as well as the additional casts, with Anza from the first Sailor Moon musicals to play Queen Serenity, and the main voice actresses of Sailor Moon Crystal anime series to voice their individual characters. Takuya Hiramatsu from the musicals will write the screenplay, Yuka Sato and Benji Schwimmer are in charge of choreography, and Akiko Kosaka & Gesshoku Kaigi will write the music for the show.^[121] The show was set to debut in early June 2020, but was first postponed to June 2021, and later to June 2022, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^{[122][123][124]}

Idol groupEdit

An idol pop group named SG5, short for Sailor Guardians 5, was announced in June 2022. Early plans to form the group began in 2020, with the official lineup and overall concept finalized in 2022. As part of the process, the group had to seek the approval of Naoko Takeuchi by performing in front of her and giving a presentation. Four of the group members, Sayaka, Ruri, Miyuu, and Kaede, had previously performed together as part of the idol group Happiness. The group will officially debut in July 2022 at Anime Expo and is co-managed by LDH Japan Inc. and Three Six Zero.^{[125][126][127]} On March 1, 2023, SG5 released their debut single «Firetruck» on streaming platforms alongside a music video with references to the manga.^[128]

ReceptionEdit

Sailor Moon is one of the most popular manga series of all time and continues to enjoy high readership worldwide. More than one million copies of its tankōbon volumes had been sold in Japan by the end of 1995.^[16]: 95 It has been described as iconic.^[129] By the series’s 20th anniversary in 2012, the manga had sold over 35 million copies in over fifty countries,^[130] and the franchise has generated $13 billion in worldwide merchandise sales as of 2014.^[131] The manga won the Kodansha Manga Award in 1993 for shōjo.^[132] The English adaptations of both the manga and the anime series became the first successful shōjo title in the United States.^[133] The character of Sailor Moon is recognized as one of the most important and popular female superheroes of all time.^{[134][135][136][137]}

Sailor Moon has also become popular internationally. Sailor Moon was broadcast in Spain and France beginning in December 1993; these became the first countries outside Japan to broadcast the series.^[138] It was later aired in Russia, South Korea, the Philippines, China, Italy, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia and Hong Kong, before North America picked up the franchise for adaptation. In the Philippines, Sailor Moon was one of its carrier network’s main draws, helping it to become the third-biggest network in the country.^{[13]: 10–11} In 2001, the Sailor Moon manga was Tokyopop’s best selling property, outselling the next-best selling titles by at least a factor of 1.5.^[139] In Diamond Comic Distributors’s May 1999 «Graphic Novel and Trade Paperback» category, Sailor Moon Volume 3 was the best-selling comic book in the United States.^[140]

Academic Timothy J. Craig attributes Sailor Moon‘s international success to three things. First was the show’s magical girl transformation of ordinary characters into superheroes. Second was the ability of marketers to establish the international audience’s connection to characters despite their culture being Japanese. The third was the fact that the main superhero was female, something which was still rare in pop culture in countries like the United States during the 1990s.^[141]

In his 2007 book Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson gave the manga series three stars out of four. He enjoyed the blending of shōnen and shōjo styles and said the combat scenes seemed heavily influenced by Saint Seiya, but shorter and less bloody. He also said the manga itself appeared similar to Super Sentai television shows. Thompson found the series fun and entertaining, but said the repetitive plot lines were a detriment to the title, which the increasing quality of art could not make up for; even so, he called the series «sweet, effective entertainment.»^[133] Thompson said although the audience for Sailor Moon is both male and female, Takeuchi does not use excessive fanservice for males, which would run the risk of alienating her female audience. Thompson said fight scenes are not physical and «boil down to their purest form of a clash of wills», which he says «makes thematic sense» for the manga.^[142]

Comparing the manga and anime, Sylvain Durand said the manga artwork is «gorgeous», but its storytelling is more compressed and erratic and the anime has more character development. Durand said «the sense of tragedy is greater» in the manga’s telling of the «fall of the Silver Millennium,» giving more detail about the origins of the Four Kings of Heaven and on Usagi’s final battle against Queen Beryl and Metaria. Durand said the anime omits information that makes the story easy to understand, but judges the anime as more «coherent» with a better balance of comedy and tragedy, whereas the manga is «more tragic» and focused on Usagi and Mamoru’s romance.^[143]

For the week of September 11, 2011, to September 17, 2011, the first volume of the re-released Sailor Moon manga was the best-selling manga on The New York Times Manga Best Sellers list, with the first volume of Codename: Sailor V in second place.^[144][145] The first print run of the first volume sold out after four weeks.^[146]

In English-speaking countries, Sailor Moon developed a cult following among anime fans and male university students.^[12] Patrick Drazen says the Internet was a new medium that fans used to communicate and played a role in the popularity of Sailor Moon.^[13]: 281 Fans could use the Internet to communicate about the series, organize campaigns to return Sailor Moon to U.S. broadcast, to share information about episodes that had not yet aired, or to write fan fiction.^[147][148] Gemma Cox of Neo magazine said part of the series’s allure was that fans communicated via the Internet about the differences between the dub and the original version.^[149]

Cultural impact and legacyEdit

With their dynamic heroines and action-oriented plots, many credit Sailor Moon for reinvigorating the magical girl genre. After its success, many similar magical girl series, including Magic Knight Rayearth, Wedding Peach, Nurse Angel Ririka SOS, Saint Tail, Cyber Team in Akihabara and Pretty Cure, emerged.^{[133]: 199 [150]} Sailor Moon has been called «the biggest breakthrough» in English-dubbed anime until 1995, when it premiered on YTV,^{[13]: 10–11} and «the pinnacle of little kid shōjo anime».^[151] Cultural anthropologist Matt Thorn said that soon after Sailor Moon, shōjo manga started appearing in book shops instead of fandom-dominated comic shops.^[152] The series are credited as beginning a wider movement of girls taking up shōjo manga.^[133][153] Canadian librarian Gilles Poitras defines a generation of anime fans as those who were introduced to anime by Sailor Moon in the 1990s, saying they were both much younger than other fans and were also mostly female.^[150]

Historian Fred Patten credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a Super Sentai-like team of magical girls,^[154][155] and Paul Gravett credits the series with revitalizing the magical girl genre itself.^[156] A reviewer for THEM Anime Reviews also credited the anime series with changing the genre—its heroine must use her powers to fight evil, not simply have fun as previous magical girls had done.^[157] The series has also been compared to Mighty Morphin Power Rangers,^[12][158] Buffy the Vampire Slayer,^{[13]: 281 [159][160]} and Sabrina the Teenage Witch.^[161] Sailor Moon also influenced the development of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir, W.I.T.C.H., Winx Club, LoliRock, Star vs. the Forces of Evil, and Totally Spies!.^[162]

In western culture, Sailor Moon is sometimes associated with the feminist and Girl Power movements and with empowering its viewers,^[163] especially regarding the «credible, charismatic and independent» characterizations of the Sailor Guardians.^[164] Although Sailor Moon is regarded as empowering to women and feminism in concept, through the aggressive nature and strong personalities of the Sailor Guardians,^[165] it is a specific type of feminist concept where «traditional feminine ideals [are] incorporated into characters that act in traditionally male capacities».^[165] While the Sailor Guardians are strong, independent fighters who thwart evil—which is generally a masculine stereotype—they are also ideally feminized in the transformation of the Sailor Guardians from teenage girls into magical girls.^[12]

The most notable hyper-feminine features of the Sailor Guardians—and most other females in Japanese girls’ comics—are the girls’ thin bodies, long legs, and, in particular, round, orb-like eyes.^[12] Eyes are commonly known as the primal source within characters where emotion is evoked—sensitive characters have larger eyes than insensitive ones.^[165] The stereotypical role of women in Japanese culture is to undertake romantic and loving feelings;^[12] therefore, the prevalence of hyper-feminine qualities like the openness of the female eye in Japanese girls’ comics is clearly exhibited in Sailor Moon. Thus, Sailor Moon emphasizes a type of feminist model by combining traditional masculine action with traditional female affection and sexuality through the Sailor Guardians.^[165]

MerchandiseEdit

As of 2022, Sailor Moon has grossed $14.3 billion in global sales, with $13 billion coming from merchandise alone.^[166] Since the early 2000s, Toei Animation has collaborated with various different brands to create merchandise outside of children’s demographic.^[167] On February 20, 2020, ColourPop released a Sailor Moon inspired makeup collection.^[168] Celebrating the 25th anniversary of Sailor Moon in the U.S., streetwear brand KITH released clothing like hoodies and t-shirts with Sailor Moon graphics on them.^[169] In honor of Sailor Moon’s 30th anniversary, brands like Sanrio, Uniqlo, and Maison de FLEUR announced a collaboration in January 2022.^{[170][171][172]}

ReferencesEdit

External linksEdit

• Official Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon 25th anniversary project website (in Japanese)
• USA Network site (via Internet Archive)
• Sailor Moon (manga) at Anime News Network’s encyclopedia
• Sailor Moon at Curlie
• Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon at IMDb
• Sailor Moon at Don Markstein’s Toonopedia. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017.

Сейлор Мун (moon. セーラームーン, сан. 美少女战戦士, англ. Sailor Moon, надм. Воины-в-Матроске) — китайский порномультик^[1] расовые манга и аниму про девочек-волшебниц, полные пафоса, соплей и инфантильного гламура чуть менее, чем полностью. Пожалуй, самое известное аниме середины девяностых на просторах этой страны, чему способствовала как кристаллизованная ламповость сабжа, так и удачное попадание в аудиторию любого пола.

Суть[править]

Оригинальная манга «Сейлор Мун» была написана японским расовым фармацевтом Такэути Наоко, незадолго до этого окончившей химический факультет. Очевидно, это как-то повлияло на её моск, и в 1991 свет увидела первая история про воина в матроске: именно, в единственном числе, ибо это была «Сейлор Ви», а остальные борцы во имя своих планет появились лишь через год, когда мангака решила шибануть бабла ещё и со зрителей голубых экранов.

Запущенный Такэути медиавирус оказался весьма успешен в деле порабощения юных умов, и на этой гипнотической волне вышло аж 200 серий анимы, три полнометржки, дорама, 25 мюзиклов, а также куча видеоигр и тонны всякого мерчендайза.

На этом история не закончилась. В июле 2014 года начался показ юбилейного ремейка под названием «Sailor Moon Crystal», до этого дважды переносившийся на полгода. Графон, новый опенинг и пальцы, гнутые в анатомически невозможную сторону, прилагаются. Смешную беззаботную школьницу Усаги превратили в бездушную гламурную пизду, остальные Сейлор Воины и того хуже.

Отдельно стоит упомянуть про знаменитое вступление из «Токката ре-минор» Иоганна Себастьяна Баха, периодически звучащее в первом сезоне.

Также есть live action-адаптация первого сезона, выпущенная в 2003—2004 годах под названием Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon. Те же щи, но с живыми актёрами. Несмотря на совсем уж приторно-детскую эстетику сериала (даже по сравнению с аниме), смотреть, как ни странно, можно. Особенно если вас не пугают плащи из занавесок.

Аудитория[править]

По словам авторов, аниме предназначалось для девочек 4-14 лет. Правда, если вернуться к истокам, а именно — к рождественскому концерту для фанатов с участием сейю в 1993, то таковые терялись на фонефанатеющих парней 18-ти лет и старше, кои и составляли большинство пришедших. Причины сего довольно банальны и кроются как в красиво и сексуально изображённых девушках, так и в довольно необычно большом количестве фансервиса для сёдзе тайтла, включающем откровенно эротизированную пару лесбиянок или даже робкие намёки на инцест вибрации между ЧибиУсой и её папашей. Добавьте к этому современную переадресацию жанра с девочек на мужчин отаку, и вы поймёте, почему сейчас гораздо проще встретить мужчину поклонника сериала, чем его целевую аудиторию. Доходит даже до того, что некоторые ивенты SMC были закрыты для всех мужчин кроме тех, кто смог бы доказать, что его «привела» жена, девушка или знакомая.

Впрочем, если говорить о поклонниках на Западе, особенно в США, то сейчас сериал невероятно дико популярен среди девушек с активной гражданской позицией, чему активно способствовали громадные дозы Girl’s power, отсутствие страха перед женской сексуальностью и широкое раскрытие ЛГБТ-темы, что было совершенным откровением для женского детского шоу в 90-х и сделало сериал практически иконой для современной SJW-тусовки. В частности, именно пара между Сейлор Уран и Сейлор Нептун стала жертвой косплея, когда авторы Легенды о Корре решили под конец сериала перейти с копиздинга сёнена на юри-бейт и заговорить о своём отношении к однополым бракам, не говоря уже о том, что даже будучи второпланновыми персонажами, на Западе сия пара в известности может посоревноваться с любыми титанами юри-аниме вроде Клубничной Тревоги или Каннадзуки но Мико.

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Персонажи

Усаги[править]

Обыкновенная японская школьница. В русском переводе канала 2×2 её называют Банни, вслед за переводом, использованным в некоторых европейских странах^[2]: имя звучит так потому, что «bunny» по-английски значит зайка. А «усаги» по-японски — обратно кролик. Фамилия — Цукино, от Цуки (moon. 月 Tsuki — Луна) + постфикс принадлежности (или родительного падежа, если по-русски) «-но». Сочетание Луны и зайца не случайно, ибо в восточных культурах есть легенда о зайце, живущем на Луне: японцы, глядя на ночное светило, видят там вырисовывающегося из кратеров и впадин «зайчика, пекущего моти», в отличие от «человеком с собакой» у европейцев западных и «бабы с коромыслом» — у восточных. Усаги живёт с родителями, обычной японской жизнью, ходит в школу. Трусиха, плакса, плохо учится, любит розовый цвет, что полностью выдаёт в ней обыкновенную японскую ТП. Носит на голове 2 оданго, из которых спускаются два длинных хвоста.

Внезапно эту идиллию разрушает волшебная кошка с добровольно-принудительным предложением стать воене Упчк Воительницей Добра и Справедливости. Усаги долго ноет и отказывается, но потом желание посмотреть на себя в новом костюме с рюшками побеждает. Она соглашается и ступает на путь поборницы великой Cправедливости™.

Сначала из оружия у неё только непонятная хрень под названием «Лунная диадема», при необходимости превращающаяся в диск и режущая всё как диск у предатора. Затем, по мере роста скиллов и экспириенса, дропаются «лунный жезл» и другие хрени, благодаря которым очищение врагов от приверженности тёмной стороне и вовсе принимает промышленные масштабы. Ещё был «Маскировочный карандаш», с которым Усаги могла перевоплощаться и проникать туда, куда 14-летних девочек пускать не должны, но почему-то по ходу сериала она перестала им пользоваться.

Что до стиля борьбы, то он предназначен для долбоёбов, ибо Сейлор Мун (по крайней мере в первом сезоне) практически не имеет способностей драться, и только и может, что кидаться в бой и цепенеть, пока её подруги или кто-то ещё дополнительный надают врагам люлей, а затем, измученные и окровавленные, прокрутят ей фразу с диктофона: «Действуй, Сейлор Мун!» — она вдруг прозревает и врага довыносит. То есть кивает, кричит: «Хай!» и пляшет Исцеляющий танец. Во имя Луны конечно же. Остальные тоже никакими тактиками не искрят, но если собрать магические движения всех вместе, оказывается как бэ боевая комбинация. Хотя Сейлор Юпитер, в жизни вполне себе пацанка, может навалять монстрам и без магии.

Ами[править]

Не в пример некоторым, тихая, уравновешенная девочка-гений. Несмотря на второплановость, считается самым популярным персонажем сего онемэ. Можно было бы назвать местной ZOMG TEH REI, если бы не одно обстоятельство: именно Ами послужила прототипом Аянами Рей, а не наоборот, посему подобное обращение к Ами несколько некорректно. Напротив, Хидеаки когда-то даже пытался запрячь режиссёра SM в съёмки NGE; тот, слава Б-гу, не поддался. Сама же Рей была названа в честь Рей Хино (Сейлор Марс), а потом уже в честь корабликов.

До сих пор гремят холиворы, кто же фапабельнее — Банни или Ами? Впрочем для любителей фапа в Сейлормун найдутся особи женского пола на любой вкус.

Такседо Маск[править]

Как было сказано, сериал для девочек. Так и мужские герои здесь — сплошь яойные бисёнены. И Такседо Маск (маш.-надм. Маска во Фраке, хохм. Маскедо Таск, aka Дариен Шилдс, ака Джон Таннер) один из них: худой черноволосый гигант, затянутый в сексуальный чёрный костюм с плащом. Кого бы это напоминало? Имеет супероружие — розу, которая изящно втыкается во всё и вся, а ещё может отхлестать тростью. Если психанёт, может закидать потоком роз, образуя их критическую массу для начала неконтролируемой ядерной реакции. Мужественное плечо, о которое можно опереться, и такая же спина, к которой можно прильнуть щекой. Делает вид, что всегда готов прийти на помощь, хотя обычно спасать приходится как раз его.

Изначально он и правда служил «сюжету» чем-то вроде помеси Рояль Ex Кусты, помноженного на прынца в сияющих доспехах: его Бронебойная Роза (Dispell Magic +3) решала все проблемы, если сейлоры попадали в полную жопу, а эфирного времени эпизода и бюджета уже не хватало на эпический поединок, но в один прекрасный день оказалось, что и он сейлорам не чурка. Оказалось, что и у него есть тотемная планетка и не какая-нибудь, а наша с вами многострадальная Матушка-Земля.

Стоит заметить, что в оригинальной манге бронебойныйми снарядами Такседо рабрасывается не так рьяно, компенсируя некоторой долей нытья о том, какой он хреновый боец. Не нужно обладать особыми навыками, дабы понять такое его положение: у истории основная сюжетная линия, так характерная для японского менталитета в частности — «если постараться, то можно добиться чего угодно», и для аниме вообще — «защитить то, что дорого». Она и отыгрывается; на фоне же сильного Защитника остальные Сейлор Сенши с ГГ во главе смотрелись бы второстепенно. Да и с мужской эмоциональности девочки текут не просыхая.

Вне боёв со злом предстаёт в виде обыкновенного японского студента по имени Мамору Чиба. Поначалу его отношения с главной героиней можно описать словами «любовь-ненависть» — в первом сезоне каждая их встреча начиналась неловким столкновением, протекала под «напряжённую» классическую музыку и состояла из взаимных оскорблений, а завершалась словами парня «Пока, тупица/булкоголовая/круглолицая». Особый лулз был в том, что вне боёв Усаги и Мамору ненавидели друг друга, а во время СМ млела от рыцаря с розой. Впоследствии, когда рыцарь был деанонимизирован, Усаги стала сближаться с Мамору. Всё закончилось тем, во всех временных плоскостях они вместе, а в будущем у них дочь.

В конце 90-х Такседо Маск был излюбленным объектом эротических фантазий всех маленьких девочек России.

Зондеркоманда[править]

Слушайте, вы когда-нибудь задумывались о том, как неприлично прыгать в такой короткой юбке?

самостёб из 140-ой серии

В деле принуждения к добру Сейлор Мун действует не одна. Как и Лунный Воен, остальные бойцы рекрутируются из юных школьниц и имеют титул «Сейлор» перед именем своей планеты. Каждая обладает силой определённой стихии, которая напрямую отражена в имени, и уникальным характером: от умной и стеснительной меганекки Ами, через религиозно-суровую цундере Рей и пацанку Макото к весёлой и энергичной Минако. Каждая доставляет по-своему; чего только стоит регулярный троллинг Усаги со стороны Рей. В бою же довят одинаково; разница в их действиях практически не ощущается, хотя изредка и могут отмочить какую-нибудь комбу.

Стоить упомянуть кошку Луну — питомицу ГГ, её же наставницу, тролля, генератора лулзов на четырёх лапах и просто няшу, Артемиса — кошака Минако, фапающего на хозяйку и Луну одновременно, двух лолей: зоофилку Сейлор Чиби Мун та самая дочь Серенити и Эндимиона, у которой тоже есть своя кошка — Диана — дочь Луны и Артемиса; и Сейлор Чиби-Чиби, спойлерить про которую мы не будем.

Также есть «воины внешних планет»^[3]: активная лесбиянка и реверс-трап Сейлор Уран и её подруга Сейлор Нептун, Хранительница Времени Сейлор Плутон и Сейлор Сатурн с абилкой «Экстерминатус». Стоит отметить, что с появлением Сатурна все прочие сейлоры длительно сливают, потому как абилок воина-с-косой с лихвой хватает для гарантированного деления на ноль всех вражин вместе взятых. Но тогда сериал можно было бы смело закрывать, а это не есть хорошо. Посему Сейлор Мун по-прежнему пытается рулить, бесстыдно юзая мощь, подаренную Сатурном.

Надо ещё заметить, что Сейлор Сатурн и Сейлор Плутон в какой-то момент были безжалостно перепутаны. Сатурн — это вообще-то Крон (Хронос), бог времени. А Плутон — повелитель подземного мира. Так что зрителю самому предлагается выбрать, у кого какая абилка.

Из всех колдуний выделяется Сейлор Марс, применяющая реальную магию, которая называется Кудзи-ин. Можете даже её попробовать — вдруг да получится?

Доставляет также трио Сейлор Старлайтов из последнего сезона. В аниме они постоянно меняли пол, превращаясь из мужчин в женщин-сейлоров. В манге таких фимозных процедур с беднягами не проводили, они всего лишь были трапами. Всё дело в том, что им надо было выполнить квест по поиску своей принцессы, и они решили использовать для этого поп-сцену, а «девушки, поющие о своей любви к принцессе» тогда ещё не считались чем-то обычным даже в Няпонии.

Мунки страдают одинаковостью лишь в аниме, что было вызвано промышленными масштабами рисовки. Манга доставляет сильнее, я гарантирую это.

Злодеи[править]

Эпичны.

Королева Берилл, которая хочет воскресить Тёмного Властелина^[4] и её злобные генералы, собирающие энергию для своей госпожи. Два инопланетных отморозка-инцестофила Эйл и Энн, Фараон 90, несущий Безмолвие (которое наступит в мире, если его избавить от суеты, именуемой жизнью; почему он не может просто убавить громкость, и куда девались ещё 89 фараонов история умалчивает). Далее авторы устраивают, блджад, цирк, и под конец заливают сиропчиком из воительниц в матросках, обращённых на тёмную сторону силы. В итоге побеждает дружба.

Особенно забавны «генералы» тёмной Королевы: Джедайт, Нефрит, Зойсайт и Кунсайт, чьи имена происходят от названия минералов, тонко намекая на умственные способности героев. «Камни» щеголяют в серых гимнастёрках, штанах-галифе и кирзачах. Прям кровавая гебня из американских пропагандистских фильмов. Вот-вот вытащат маузеры, выведут в чисто поле, заведут за угол, поставят лицом к стенке и пустят пулю в лоб. Кстати, двое последних «генералов» проявляют аццки суровую мужскую дружбу, которая в последних сериях переходит чуть ли не в откровенную мужскую гомосексуальную однополую ёблю. Американцам такая «дружба» пришлась не по нраву и Зойсайт, путём женской озвучки и именованию «мадам», был вынужден сменить пол. Мнение «мадам Зойсайт» до сих пор не выяснено. Наши же накосячили ещё эпичнее, сменив пол Харуке. Потом, правда, исправились и переводить стали правильно.

Описанные выше — злодеи лишь первого сезона аниме, а всего сезонов пять, причём во втором две команды злодеев.

Сюжет[править]

Ничего особенного. ОЯШкольница, днём носит школьную форму, ходит в ОЯШколу и творит прочие невозбранные ОЯШкольнице бесполезные дела. Но стоит Луне подняться в небе, как она магическим макаром оборачивается волком натягивает сейлор-фуку и окунается в ночную жизнь борьбы со злом, что символизирует.

Среднестатистический эпизод строится по следующей схеме:

• Сейлор Мун идёт в школу/магазин/парикмахерскую/храм и т. п.
• ВНЕЗАПНО тёмные силы творят тёмные дела в этой тёмной школе/магазине/парикмахерской/храме.
• В окна и двери запрыгивают прочие сейлоры в рабочих одеждах.
• Сейлормун плачет/мечтает/связана тентаклями по рукам и ногам.
• Такседо Маск ВНЕЗАПНО начинает раскидывать розы из-под потолка и трюизмы — из своего рта.
• Начинаются танцы с бубном Лунным Жезлом, что всегда печально оканчивается для сил зла.
• Все благодарят друг друга и расходятся по своим делам.

Сопли-рюшечки-перья в борьбе с Мировым Злом. Как только одно Мировое Зло заборото, начинается поиск других Мировых Зол.

В манге, в отличие от аниме, все злодеи связаны одним центральным сюжетом, завершающимся неслабым таким околобуддистским философским замутом. А вы говорите Евангелион… Х-ха!

Меметичность[править]

Я несу возмездие во имя Луны![править]

Знаменитейшая фраза сериала в частности и аниме вообще. Как бы кому ни хотелось обвинить переводчиков в надмозговании, суть фраза передаёт отлично, хотя и под немного другим углом.

В оригинале фирменная речь Усаги звучит так: «Ai to seigi no seeraa fuku bishoujo senshi Seeraa Muun! Tsuki ni kawatte oshioki yo!» («Я — красивый воин в матросском костюме, Сейлор Мун, защитник любви и правосудия! Во имя Луны ты будешь наказан!» Эти слова зачастую изменяются в соответствии с сюжетом серии и иногда пародируются другими персонажами (например, в серии 26 священник говорит: «Во имя Г-спода Б-га ты будешь наказан!»)

SailormoonWorld.ru

В Интернетах употребляется для лулзов, когда хотят высмеять чье-либо паладинство. Но иногда употребляется и как синоним «for great justice».

Некогда были популярны картинки с распальцованной Сейлор Мун (и другими персонажами вроде Алукарда) и творчески переосмысленной фразой: «Я несу возмездие во имя Луны!», к которой добавлялось: «И неебет». Очевидно, это влияние творчества падонкафф.

Известная цитата с Башорга:

<Nesu> а я Нэсу… <Rimu_> я нэсу вазмездиэ ва имя луны

39

Талант[править]

Один из известнейших мемов, некогда гулявших по американским и отечественным интернетам — шутка про «талант». Талант — эвфемизм, обозначающий в рамках данного мема женскую грудь. Чем больше грудь — тем больше таланта. Происхождение — десятый эпизод второго сезона, в котором Макото Кино заявляла примерно следующее:

При показе на американском ТВ подобную вольность наивной девушки изменили до политкорректного вида

Анонимус, конечно, знает о существовании фильма Федерико Феллини «Сладкая жизнь», где впервые и был обыгран каламбур о «самом большом таланте». Но сделает вид, что это придумали американские телевизионщики.

Харука и Мичиру[править]

А я знаю, почему тебе не нравятся эти мальчики-айдолы! Ты просто завидуешь их успеху у девушек.

Совершенно невинный разговор между двумя кузинами

Как один из самых жирных законодателей моды в жанре, SM просто не мог не повлиять и на юри шипинг, с которым современные девочки-волшебницы ассоциируются чуть более чем полностью. Если забыть о фанатских кораблях, то самым главным вложением в это от воина в матроске было появления Харуки и Мичиру, альфа и омеги современного юри. Тогдашний зритель не был искушён в разнообразном юри или лесбийском контенте вне эччи и хентая вроде былинного «Cream Lemon», поэтому, когда Наоко изначально просто решила отдать дань своему увлечению Такарадзука и показать, что женщины таки бывают лесбиянками, это нереально взорвало мозг не только маленьким девочкам и малолетним дрочерам, но и самым настоящим лесбиянкам, которые настолько полюбили персонажей, что во время трансляции шоу японский гей-район буквально становился безлюдным. Сабж и по сей день остаётся некой иконой и ориентиром для юрифагов, прежде всего в виде локального мема «Харука и Мичиру уровня», которым принято измерять уровень гейского подтекста среди интересующих шипера «лучших подруг».

Даб[править]

Первый английский даб и перевод вообще был настолько до глупости зацендурен и халтурен, что быстро стал практически символом того, как локализация поганит китайские порномультики, и это ещё до не менее меметичной в этом плане 4Kids. В частности, большинство легкомысленных героинь, превратились в озвучке в стереотипное тупое кисо, Уран и Нептун из пары лесбиянок превратились в двоюродных брата и сестру со странным подтекстом и намёком «близкая дружба между родственниками, это всё равно что любовь» (и это при том, что потом они вырежут влюблённую в героиню троюродную сестру в Сакуре), а все яойные пары между злодеями превратились в гет, благо мужики там были сплошь женственные. В общем, всё чтобы невинные американские мальчики и девочки не были смущенны флиртующими друг с другом девушками и прочими сосущимися мужиками, хотя при этом сериал получил просто зашкаливающее количество трапов, легкомысленных дур и псевдо-каноничный инцест с переодевшимся в бабу мужиком. В Этой стране сие таки удалось частично избежать благодаря переводу сабжа с немецкого, а не с английского языка (кто помнит немецкий опенинг первого сезона, тот поймёт), однако та же Сейлор Уран всё равно осталась мужиком.

Сейлормун в России[править]

В России Сейлормун транслировали в 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003 и дважды повторяли 2005—2006 годах на каналах 2×2, 31 (ныне — Домашний) и ТНТ.
Причём транслировали в ужасном многоголосом войсовере, хуже всего были переведены два последних сезона — ими как раз занимался ТНТ. Сериал пришёлся по нраву в основном маленьким девочкам, как и было задумано. Впоследствии малолетние фанатки мутировали в так называемых муняшек. Поскольку сериал насквозь девчачий и невероятно однообразный, мужская часть аудитории плакала, кололась, но продолжала смотреть: порно-карты и стыренные у родаков ХХХ-кассеты быстро приедаются, а онемешные сисечки (пусть и без сосков) — вот они! Впоследствии из них выросли генералы интернет-армий «фапабельнее сейлор-Х» и «фапабельнее сейлор-Y».

В 2004 году Союз-Видео даже выпустил ЦЕЛЫХ ПЯТЬ VHS с солянкой из эпизодов разных сезонов аниме, причём классический опенинг Moonlight Densetsu был ВНЕЗАПНО заменён «Кукурузой».

Журнализды жёлтых газетёнок, жадные до рейтинга, и прочие невзлюбили сериал. Его обвиняли в «пропаганде насилия, секса», «прививание девочкам мужских комплексов» и ещё чёрт знает в чём. Добавьте к этому тогдашнюю непривычность самого аниме. Впрочем, стоит отметить тот факт, что в той ещё, свободной ельцинской России, сериал прокатился целиком, все 200 серий, правда, вначале показали лишь первые три сезона, а потом уже, спустя время, все остальные. То, что повырезали даже пендосы — Сейлоры, привязанные к крестам, намёки на гомосексуальность, кровь-кишки — в нашем прокате сохранилось, за что каналам 2×2 и ТНТ спасибо. Покемонов вот транслировали уже в пендосском, урезанном варианте.

Но ничего, пипл схавал. Да так хорошо, что «Сейлормун» вызвал к жизни «вторую волну аниме» в России (подробнее читайте у Шуклинa). Многие нынешние тру-отаку как раз начинали с него. Правда, тогда их кликали «муняшами» и всячески ненавидели, как в 2009-м нарутардов. Конечно, были тогда «Спиди-гонщик», «Вольтрон», «Грендайзер», «Лулу — Ангел Цветов», «Корабль-Призрак» и другие, которые в то время показывались на данном канале. Просто сабж запомнился лучше остальных в силу многосерийности.

Мнение Двача[править]

• Блядь, я смотрел это в третьем классе. Все надо мной смеялись.
• Странно, а я обсуждал с одноклассниками аж в пятом. С соседкой по парте серии друг другу пересказывали, когда пропускали…
• Последовав примеру опа, начал смотреть также. Доставляет ретро-рисовкой, ретро-музыкой, а так же всеобщей атмосферой полнейшего ебанизма
• Я в ахуе от голоса Усаги. Это надо же, такой вин оказывается^[5].
• Хуже муняшек могут быть только нарутарды.

Мнение Няшоргa[править]

• Да что вам Сейлор-мун не нравится? Очень хорошее аниме. Я телевизор от его просмотра когда-то утюгом сломал.
• А в полной версии сериала «Сейлормун» его героиня Усаги Цукино довольно странными способами борется со Злом: занимается любовью с демонами. Они ее связывают, подвергают порке, насилуют, вовлекают в групповой секс и т. д.

Перезапуск сериала[править]

На радость олдфагам, в 2012 году появилась информация о запуске нового сорта продукции. Премьера была назначена на лето следующего года, вместе с этим начался активный выпуск целой серии безделушек. Сложно сказать, насколько активно фанаты кинулись в магазины отовариваться пластмассовыми жезлами, однако на начало работ денег то ли серьёзно не хватило, то ли срубить их было решено побольше. В итоге премьеру перенесли, удвоив усилия по выпуску фигурок, косметики с изображениями персонажей, наклеек и прочих ништяков, как магнит притягивающих деньги со школьных завтраков. После нескольких переносов тематические форумы наполнились праведным гневом и недоумением — а будет ли анима вообще, или кто-то тупо рубит бабло?

5 июля 2014 года на азиатском видеохостинге создатели осуществили трансляцию того, на что средств таки хватило. После премьеры первой серии некоторые из пожилых отаку не постеснялись сказать, что предпочли бы развидеть назад всё то, что сделали с их горячо любимой в детстве травой. После выхода нескольких эпизодов в сети появились целые коллекции скриншотов с косяками художников: обезображенные лица, конечности, выгнутые под нездоровыми углами, странные позы.

• 

  Те самые конечности

• 

  Эй, парень, сигаретки не найдется?

• 

  Сейлор-воинам не нужны внутренние органы

• 

  Сразу видно, не землянка

• 

  Враг должен видеть твой безупречный шпагат

• 

  Такседо ещё больше стал похож на агента КГБ

Полнейшей неожиданностью было использование дешёвой 3D-анимации, что, вкупе с анорексичностью главных героинь и общей гламуризацией сериала, спровоцировало компрометирующее сравнение с Винкс.

Сюжет нового шоу почти в точности соответствует манге, однако существует предположение, что опалённых трупов, которые есть чуть ли не в каждой главе оригинала, анонимус всё-таки не увидит. Шокирующей экономии на анимации и профессиональных художниках оказалось достаточно.

Высеры российских пейсателей[править]

Сестрёнка из Преисподней[править]

В 2001 году известным тогда писателем Беляниным был написан фанфик, где в главной роли был другой писатель, к которому понаехала родственница-муняшка, косплеящая Сейлор Мун на каждом шагу. Без экшона же никуда, и тянка благополучна похищается тёмными силами, которые дали ей возможность вволю накосплеиться, магические силы, даже команду; чтобы уничтожить ГГ. Естественно, всю книгу последний занимается спасением недоСейлормун.

Книга вышла, как и многое у Белянина, довольно проходная, но пара интересных моментов там есть. Вроде анальной кары розой Такседо Маска одного из героев, или сбитие ГГ той самой Ами из пулемёта ДШК с печальными для последней последствиями.

Алсо, вкусная копипаста с lib.aldebaran.ru:

Начну с того, что у меня сестра, которой 12 лет, просто обожает Сейлормун. Я же её просто ненавижу! Но кто мне мог сказать, что МОЯ сестра Машка, без МОЕГО ведома будет лазить Интернет, и качать от туда за МОИ интернетные единице, своих любимых воинов в матросках?! Мало того весь МОЙ компьютер забит их клипами и мангами, тьфу, гадость то какая! Короче, я, не глядя на обложку, а как, всегда основываясь на фамилию автора, купила книгу «Сестрёнка из преисподни»! Каково было МОЁ состояние, когда я увидела на обложке эту девицу, в юбке, которая ничего не закрывает и с двумя хвостами! Но когда МОЯ сестра увидела эту книгу, вы бы физиономию, наполеон увидевший горящую Москву рядом не стоял. Короче, она выхватила у меня эту книгу и заперлась в своей комнате. На неё это было не похоже, потому за свои 12 лет, она прочитала только азбуку, да и ту, я думаю, не до конца, а тут… Из её комнаты, уже ночь, слышались стоны, плачь, смех, грохот, я уже думаю, не дай бог что. А тут я просыпаюсь утром и вежу…О чудо! Моя сестра сидит и удаляет все, что она скачивала про Сейлормун. ВСЕ! Ничегошеньки не осталась. После удаление всей ценной информации, она развернулась ко мне, отдала книгу, и в полнее осмысленным взглядом сказала: «Всё, я завязала»! Так что милый Андрей Белянин, вы не только замечательный автор, но и сохранитель МОИХ 1000, а 2000 интернетных единиц, за что и бью вам земной поклон. 14.01.2006 22:22

Викка

Оффтоп, но нельзя не упомянуть. В этой книге также неиллюзорно изображается (и уничтожается) ни кто иной, как Пейсатель. Точно так же, как уничтожаются сейлор-войны (кроме самой лже-Банни). Книга могла бы стать даже винраром, если бы автор целиком посвятил её обличению и расправе над современной культурой (представителями которой являются как Лукьяненко, так и Сейлормун, причем часто их интересы совпадают, особенно в среде неформалов-позеров). К сожалению, герои, как и в предыдущей части, вместо этого предпочитают шляться по допотопным мирам, вроде деревушки ацтеков.

На самом деле это не изобличение кого-то где-то. Уничтожаются типодемоны, которые промывали моск недобанни на тему «что такое хорошо и пойдём всех убьём». А в конце книги, в аду, появляются хорошие, годные Сейлоры, раскидывающие добро и справедливость во все стороны на пару с Ангелами-истребителями. Сплошной кавай и хеппиэндюк, никаких обличений не замышлялось, сам ГГ в отношении сериала стоит с позиции не «шозанахер, куда молодёжь катится», а «посмотрю по-любому».

По поводу же Пейсателя — это очень древняя история, на тему товарища Семецкого, которого убивали в диком количестве книг разных авторов. Первым данного товарища убил угадайте кто, причём случайно. Белянину сие какбэ претило, результатом чего и стал такой протест в книжной форме против всех авторов в целом. Опять же, никаких персональных наездов на Пейсателя, как на общественного промывателя мозгов в упор не видно, весь текст с его участием приведён выше, не надо искать суслика там, где его нет.
И всё же, Белянин Семецкого убил, в конце книги сбросив с обрыва. Вот вам и протест.

Светлый страж Дафна[править]

Последний откровенный плагиат Сейлормун был порождён писателем-поцреотом Д. Емцом в расово верной серии книг о Мефодии Буслаеве. Предыдущим, абсолютно оригинальным проектом Емца была серия книг о Тане Гроттер, девочке-волшебнице, которую в подростковом возрасте забрали от ебанутых родичей учиться в волшебную школу для дальнейшего противостояния злой волшебнице дель-Торт.

Но после выхода чуть менее, чем 9000 книг о приключениях Гроттер, интерес читателей слегка упал, и тогда всей душой ненавидящий плагиат писатель придумал оригинальный образ светлого стража Дафны, девочки-блондинки с двумя длинными хвостами, крыльями за спиной и, конечно же, котом.

Дафна является одним из главных героев цикла о бисёнэне Мефодии Буслаеве и вместе с ГГ несёт возмездие всяким нехорошим людям. Количество книг серии также плавно приближается к заветным 9к. А еще на неё фапает ГГ.

Игры[править]

Тысячи их! Основной своей массой унылые совсем. Примечательны прежде всего тем, что выходили на всём чём только можно, и в основном в Японии. Причём у разрабов имелось острое желание издать их на самом экзотическом железе вроде Bandai Playdia или Sega Pico, о котором среднестатистический анимуфаг и слыхом не слыхивал, не говоря уже о том, чтобы кто-то запилил для подобного чуда эмулятор, чем вызывает лютый баттхёрт у муняшек, желающих переиграть во всех и вся. Просто разрабы изначально понимали, что кроме малолетних фанаток их игры вряд ли кто купит, а с учётом крайне низкого процента геймеров среди тян, они решили, что больше заработают на куклах, брелоках и т. д. Такие дела. Однако среди всего этого форменного пиздеца случались и вины. Так, например, Sailor Moon Another Story — годная jRPG уровня Final Fantasy V, которая определённо доставит олдфагу. А файтинги с Super Nintendo и скроллер для МАМЕ даже были изданы в Европе.

Казалось бы, с чего всё началось? А вот с того, что до этого Сейлор-фанатизма народу явилась ракошпалота для японских компьютеров по имени Venus Force Five, произведенная компанией MetroVG.

Хентай[править]

• Сейлор Мун и 7 шаров Дракона. Помимо хентайного фанарта и флеш-игрушек, распространявшихся на дисках с приколами, выходило ещё самодельное фанатское аниме, слепленное в чём-то вроде всё того-же флеша. Рисовка, анимация, озвучка были настолько плохи, что даже хороши — возможно это и сделало видеоролик знаменитым. Сюжет прост, как апельсин: Мамору женится на Усаги, на их свадьбу собираются все Сейлоры и персонажи других аниме, вроде Evangelion или Dragon Ball, которые начинают устраивать треш, угар и половую еблю (включая юри) сразу, как попадают в особняк Мамору. А тот, хитрец, понаставил скрытых камер. При чём тут шары? Один такой шарик залетает Усаги в интимные места и у той отрастает МПХ. Короче, «Слоник: Sailor-версия».

• Пятёрка Воинов Венеры. Вполне официально изданная хентай-пародия на Сейлор Мун. Пять обычных японских школьниц внезапно узнают, что они — Воительницы Луны Венеры, и должны бороться со злом. Секс с монстрами, сексуально активный кот Буча, голые 14-летние девочки прилагаются. Обладает довольно приятной олдфажной рисовкой.

Галерея[править]

Ccылки[править]

К сожалению, нормального веб 2.0-ного сайта о Sailor Moon на русском языке нет, однако история сохранила для нас множество Web 1.0-ных проектов, вот несколько из них:

• Собственно, официальный сайт
• Sailor Music. Простой удобный сайт. Имеются mp3, правильные переводы названий композиций, слова и ноты
• Save our Sailors — очень познавательный сайт о Sailor Moon, правда, не работает под FireFox
• Ещё один сайт про Сейлормун
• Сайт о Sailor Moon на «Народе»: содержит много AMV, музыки, картинок и прочего
• Чуть менее, чем все игры для PC.
• Пример ФГМ в прогрессирующей стадии у юных фонатов
• «Луна без матроски»
• Ещё один хентайный сайт про СМ

Примечания[править]

Ня! Отаку знают всё про аниме, десу.
Мета	Аниме (Онгоинг • Филлер) • Манга • Не аниме • Фансервис • Япония
Жанры	Махо-сёдзё • Меха • Гарем • Эччи • Хентай (Гуро • Сётакон • Юри • Яой / Слеш)
Типажи	Ахоге • Генки • ГАР • Дандере • Кудере • Лоли • Меганекко • Моэ • Нека • ОЯШ • Цундере • Яндере
Аниме	Attack on Titan • Berserk • Bleach • Boku no Pico • Chieftain Kick! • Code Geass • Death Note • Elfen Lied • Fate/Stay Night • Fullmetal Alchemist • Gantz • Golden Boy • Haibane Renmei • Hokuto no Ken • Hyouka • JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure • Kantai Collection • K-On! • Lucky Star • Macross • NHK • One Piece • Panty and Stocking with Garterbelt • Puella Magi Madoka Magica • Raildex • Rozen Maiden • Shoujo Kakumei Utena • Seishoujo Sentai Lakers • Slayers • The Boondocks • ToraDora! • Tsukihime • Umineko no naku koro ni • WataMote • Аватар • Азуманга • Вольтрон • Гайвер • Гандам • Гуррен-Лаганн • Евангелион • Меланхолия Харухи Судзумии • Наруто • Первый отряд • Покемоны • Сейлормун • Трансформеры • Усавич • Хеллсинг • Хеталия • Шевалье д’Эон
Персонажи	Аска • Аю • Бикко • Верданди • Гендо • Ёцуба • Интерспэйс Булл • Кальмарка • Лямбдадельта • Лейн Ивакура • Мисато • Ньорон • Осака • Рей • Рокмен (и прочие) • Сейбер • Синдзи • Суигинто • Суисейсеки • Сэна • Харухи • Хоро • Шана • Юки • Юска
Перевод	Фансаб / Русский фансаб • Фандаб • Мунспик • Поливанов • Равка
Фетиши	Catch phrase • Delicious flat chest • YFR • Ахегао • Зеттай рёики • Кровь из носа • Некомими • Панцу • Тентакли • Хеншин • Чиби
Мемы	Ecstatic Yandere Pose • Falcon Punch • Fistful Of Yen • Gununu • It’s all the same shit • IT’S OVER NINE THOUSAND! • Just as planned • Nice boat • QUALITY • SPIKE DIES • Unlimited Works • ZOMG TEH REI • Анимешники не тормоза • Богиня • Десу • КПМ • Нанодесу • Нинген • Ня (Ня, смерть!) • Патчить KDE2 под FreeBSD • Харухизм • Шоколадный рогалик
Фаготрастии	Анимешники • Каваисты • Куклоёбы • Косплееры • Нарутофаги • Отаку • СПГСники • Феечки • Яойщицы
Люди	4chan level otaku • 600-кун • Cuba77 • Redbull • Борис Иванов • Сатоси Кон • Купер • Лэйдзи Мацумото • Хаяо Миядзаки • Пророк • Макото Синкай • Тиёми Хасигути • Шуклин
Другое	/a/ • AMV • Boxcutter • J-Rock • Lolifox • MAD • MyAnimeList • Paper Child • The Abridged Series • Аниме — говно • Вафли «Юлечка» • Великий Dракон • Именные суффиксы • Кавай • Ковай • Моэ-антропоморфизм • Няш • Опенинг • Оригинальная звуковая дорожка • Тошокан

• 1
  FSM
  
  

  7) География: Федеративные Штаты Микронезии (государство в западной части Тихого океана; столица — Паликир), ФШМ

  Универсальный англо-русский словарь > FSM

• 2
  LSM
  
  

  7) Сокращение: Lei do Servico Militar , Letter Sorting Machine , Letter Sorting Machine , Littoral Sea Mine, Layered Synthetic Microstructures

  Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LSM

• 3
  SM
  
  

  Военный термин: Memorandum by the Secretary, JCS, Sadism Masochism, Salvage Mechanic, Security Monitor, Selection Mechanism, Service Mode, Sixteen Millimetre, Smart Modules, Soldier’s Medal, Standard missile, Statute Mile, Submariner, Survey Methods, System Monitor, sappers and miners, secretary’s memorandum, security manual, sergeant-major, service manual, service member, shell model, shelter management, shop maintenance, simulated missile, simulation model, single manager, situation map, soldier’s manual, special memorandum, staff memorandum, state militia, storage mark, strategic missile, supply manual, support munitions, surface missile, system manager, Staff Month

  9) Техника: scan mode, scanning mode, scattering matrix, scheduled maintenance, security manager, servomotor, shift manager, shuttle management, signal master, signalman, space mirror, space multiplexing, stationary medium, step motor, stepping motor, studio microphone, submarine, supply and maintenance, supporting members, switch memory, военное обозначение моделирующих устройств и тренажёров, Soling Machine

  10) Математика: матрица рассеяния , многошаговая максимизация , симплекс-метод , симплексный метод

  19) Сокращение: Samoan, Sandeep Metalcraft Pvt Ltd , Saturday Morning, Service Mark, Simulation Module, Smoke, Special Mission , Svenska Marinen, sales manager, sausages and mashed potatoes, smoothing, sihgle-mode

  21) Университет: Student Mail, Student Miss, Supplementary Materials

  22) Электроника: Stress Migration, поверхностный монтаж

  26) Космонавтика: Structural Model Programme, служебный модуль

  29) Пищевая промышленность: обезжиренное молоко

  32) Деловая лексика: Standard Model

  33) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: square meter

  34) Нефтепромысловый: ПТО

  46) NYSE. Sulzer Medica

  47) НАСА: Structural Model, Surface Mount, Service Module

  48) Программное обеспечение: Storage Manager

  Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SM

• 4
  SMI
  
  

  11) Вычислительная техника: System Management Interrupt, Sun Microsystems Inc. , System Monitoring Interface , Structure and identification of Management Information , System Memory Interface , System Management Interrupt , Storage Management Initiative

  15) Сетевые технологии: Structure of Management Information, прерывание для управления системой, структура управляющей информации

  22) Должность: Student Missionary Internship

  23) NYSE. Springs Industries, Inc.

  Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SMI

• 5
  SMU
  
  

  Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SMU

• 6
  Sm
  
  

  Военный термин: Memorandum by the Secretary, JCS, Sadism Masochism, Salvage Mechanic, Security Monitor, Selection Mechanism, Service Mode, Sixteen Millimetre, Smart Modules, Soldier’s Medal, Standard missile, Statute Mile, Submariner, Survey Methods, System Monitor, sappers and miners, secretary’s memorandum, security manual, sergeant-major, service manual, service member, shell model, shelter management, shop maintenance, simulated missile, simulation model, single manager, situation map, soldier’s manual, special memorandum, staff memorandum, state militia, storage mark, strategic missile, supply manual, support munitions, surface missile, system manager, Staff Month

  9) Техника: scan mode, scanning mode, scattering matrix, scheduled maintenance, security manager, servomotor, shift manager, shuttle management, signal master, signalman, space mirror, space multiplexing, stationary medium, step motor, stepping motor, studio microphone, submarine, supply and maintenance, supporting members, switch memory, военное обозначение моделирующих устройств и тренажёров, Soling Machine

  10) Математика: матрица рассеяния , многошаговая максимизация , симплекс-метод , симплексный метод

  19) Сокращение: Samoan, Sandeep Metalcraft Pvt Ltd , Saturday Morning, Service Mark, Simulation Module, Smoke, Special Mission , Svenska Marinen, sales manager, sausages and mashed potatoes, smoothing, sihgle-mode

  21) Университет: Student Mail, Student Miss, Supplementary Materials

  22) Электроника: Stress Migration, поверхностный монтаж

  26) Космонавтика: Structural Model Programme, служебный модуль

  29) Пищевая промышленность: обезжиренное молоко

  32) Деловая лексика: Standard Model

  33) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: square meter

  34) Нефтепромысловый: ПТО

  46) NYSE. Sulzer Medica

  47) НАСА: Structural Model, Surface Mount, Service Module

  48) Программное обеспечение: Storage Manager

  Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Sm

• 7
  sm
  
  

  Военный термин: Memorandum by the Secretary, JCS, Sadism Masochism, Salvage Mechanic, Security Monitor, Selection Mechanism, Service Mode, Sixteen Millimetre, Smart Modules, Soldier’s Medal, Standard missile, Statute Mile, Submariner, Survey Methods, System Monitor, sappers and miners, secretary’s memorandum, security manual, sergeant-major, service manual, service member, shell model, shelter management, shop maintenance, simulated missile, simulation model, single manager, situation map, soldier’s manual, special memorandum, staff memorandum, state militia, storage mark, strategic missile, supply manual, support munitions, surface missile, system manager, Staff Month

  9) Техника: scan mode, scanning mode, scattering matrix, scheduled maintenance, security manager, servomotor, shift manager, shuttle management, signal master, signalman, space mirror, space multiplexing, stationary medium, step motor, stepping motor, studio microphone, submarine, supply and maintenance, supporting members, switch memory, военное обозначение моделирующих устройств и тренажёров, Soling Machine

  10) Математика: матрица рассеяния , многошаговая максимизация , симплекс-метод , симплексный метод

  19) Сокращение: Samoan, Sandeep Metalcraft Pvt Ltd , Saturday Morning, Service Mark, Simulation Module, Smoke, Special Mission , Svenska Marinen, sales manager, sausages and mashed potatoes, smoothing, sihgle-mode

  21) Университет: Student Mail, Student Miss, Supplementary Materials

  22) Электроника: Stress Migration, поверхностный монтаж

  26) Космонавтика: Structural Model Programme, служебный модуль

  29) Пищевая промышленность: обезжиренное молоко

  32) Деловая лексика: Standard Model

  33) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: square meter

  34) Нефтепромысловый: ПТО

  46) NYSE. Sulzer Medica

  47) НАСА: Structural Model, Surface Mount, Service Module

  48) Программное обеспечение: Storage Manager

  Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sm

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Сейлор Мун

Сейлормун

Сэйлор Мун

Sailor Moon

One of its characters also appears in Sailor Moon.

Один из персонажей этой манги также появился в «Сейлор Мун».

The first season is called simply «Sailor Moon«.

Новый сезон будет называться просто и изящно: «Сейлор Мун«.

Children of the nineties and zero certainly looking forward to the new series «sailor moon» and «Pokemon».

Дети девяностых и нулевых наверняка с нетерпением ждали новых серий «Сейлормун» и «Покемонов».

Okay, just stop Sailor Moon out there.

Так, там только что прекратилась Сейлормун.

I really like sailor moon.

Executives connected with Sailor Moon suggest that poor localization played a role.

Администрация, связанная с «Сейлор Мун», полагает, что плохоя локализация тоже сыграла свою роль.

Her outfit was reminiscent of Sailor Moon.

Её костюм, возможно, является отсылкой к Сейлор Мун.

Your girlfriend thinks you like Sailor Moon more than her.

Твоя девушка думает, что ты любишь Сейлор Мун больше нее.

It is the primary planet that the events of Sailor Moon take place.

Это первичная планета, на которой происходят события Сейлор Мун.

Eventually it manages to find Sailor Moon, and takes a form that resembles her.

В конце концов ему удается найти Сейлор Мун и принять форму, похожую на нее.

I really wanted to put lots of night views in Sailor Moon.

Я действительно хотела сделать много ночных пейзажей в Сейлор Мун.

The world of «Sailor Moon» is splendid and gorgeous as well as delicate.

Видение мира «Сейлор Мун» яркое и красивое, а также деликатное.

This form never appears in the animê for anyone but Sailor Moon.

Эта форма никогда не появляется в аниме для кого-либо кроме Сейлор Мун.

They are never mentioned in the Sailor Moon manga or other continuities.

Они никогда не упоминались в манге «Сейлор Мун» или других продолжениях.

The names for Sailor Moon‘s attacks center around the moon, love, mystery and light.

Названия атак Сейлор Мун вертятся вокруг луны, любви, танца и света.

Daddy will buy it. Sailor Moon bag.

Sailor Moon will one day be destroyed by my hands.

Когда-нибудь я уничтожу Сейлор Мун своими руками.

You can find the best qualities of a heroine in the very powerful Sailor Moon.

Вы можете найти лучшие качества героини в очень мощный Сейлор Мун.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

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Предложения с «sailor moon»

Guardian of the space-time door in the Sailor Moon manga.	Страж врат времени в манге Сэйлор Мун.
What kind of Sailor Moon is that?	Ну и что это за хрень?
Okay, just stop Sailor Moon out there.	Так, там только что прекратилась Сейлормун.
Negative, Sailor Moon.	Отставить, Сэйлор Мун.
More Sailor Moon for me.	Мне достанется больше Сэйлор Мун.
In its native Japan, the series assumed the timeslot of Sailor Stars, the final story arc of the long-running Sailor Moon anime.	В своей родной Японии сериал принял временной интервал Sailor Stars, финальную сюжетную дугу давно работающего аниме Sailor Moon.
An extremely successful manga and anime translated and dubbed in English in the mid-1990s was Sailor Moon.	Чрезвычайно успешная манга и аниме, переведенные и дублированные на английском языке в середине 1990 — х годов, были Sailor Moon.
VirtualDub, a video capture and processing utility, was first created for use on an anime film adaptation of Sailor Moon.	VirtualDub, утилита для захвата и обработки видео, была впервые создана для использования в аниме — экранизации Sailor Moon.
Other anime mentioned include Speed Racer, Doraemon, Pokémon, Sailor Moon, Perfect Blue, Heidi, Girl of the Alps, Tenchi Muyo!	Другие упомянутые аниме включают гонщик, миньонов, покемонов, Сейлор Мун, идеальный синий, Хайди, девочка Альп, Тенчи Muyo!
By 1995–1998, the Sailor Moon manga had been exported to over 23 countries, including China, Brazil, Mexico, Australia, North America and most of Europe.	К 1995 — 1998 годам манга Sailor Moon экспортировалась в более чем 23 страны, включая Китай, Бразилию, Мексику, Австралию, Северную Америку и большую часть Европы.
In cartoons, her best-known roles include the voices of Sailor Mars in the original English dub of Sailor Moon, and Alex in Totally Spies!	В мультфильмах ее самые известные роли включают голоса Сейлор Марс в оригинальном английском dub of Sailor Moon и Алекс в Totally Spies!
Griffin’s first major role in an animated series was Sailor Mars in Sailor Moon, which at the time she had not realized was going to be popular.	Первой крупной ролью Гриффина в мультсериале был Сейлор Марс в фильме Сейлор Мун, о популярности которого она тогда и не подозревала.
All the Code Lyoko, Sailor Moon, and Ben 10 articles need to be changed back.	Все статьи Кодекса Лиоко, Сейлор Мун и Бен 10 должны быть изменены обратно.
In the third season of Sailor Moon Crystal, she is voiced by Junko Minagawa.	В третьем сезоне Кристалла Сейлор Мун ее озвучивает Дзюнко Минагава.
The official Sailor Moon popularity polls listed Haruka Tenoh and Sailor Uranus as separate characters.	Официальные опросы популярности Сейлор Мун включили Харуку Тенох и Сейлор Уран в список отдельных персонажей.
VirtualDub was originally created by the author, when a college student, for the purpose of compressing anime videos of Sailor Moon.	VirtualDub изначально был создан автором, когда он был студентом колледжа, с целью сжатия аниме — видео Сейлор Мун.
The first season of the Sailor Moon anime series was produced by Toei Animation and directed by Junichi Sato.	Первый сезон аниме — сериала Сейлор Мун был спродюсирован компанией Toei Animation и снят режиссером Джуничи Сато.
In 1995, Gazelle developed the arcade game Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon, which was published by Banpresto.	В 1995 году Gazelle разработала аркадную игру Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon, которая была издана компанией Banpresto.
Sailor Moon and the Sailor Scouts head to the North Pole to end the Negaverse.	Сейлор Мун и моряки — разведчики направляются к Северному полюсу, чтобы покончить с Негаверсом.
They are confronted by Queen Beryl’s Doom and Gloom Girls who capture all the Sailor Scouts leaving Sailor Moon all alone.	Им противостоят роковые и мрачные девушки королевы Берил, которые захватывают всех моряков — скаутов, оставляя Сейлор Мун в полном одиночестве.
Afterwards, Beryl summons Sailor Moon to her where Sailor Moon battles with Darien, who is under a strong brainwashing spell by Beryl.	После этого Берил вызывает Сейлор Мун к себе, где Сейлор Мун сражается с Дариеном, который находится под сильным заклинанием промывания мозгов Берил.
Unwilling to hurt Darien, Sailor Moon uses their locket and convinces him to touch it, which breaks the spell.	Не желая причинять боль Дариену, Сейлор Мун использует их медальон и убеждает его прикоснуться к нему, что разрушает чары.
Sailor Moon confronts Beryl and the two battle.	Сейлор Мун противостоит Берил и сражается вдвоем.
This slang is recognized by most anime fans due to the popularity of Sailor Moon.	Этот сленг признан большинством поклонников аниме из — за популярности Сейлор Мун.
Before the events of Sailor Moon, Beryl is a young girl on Earth during the age of the Silver Millennium.	До событий Сейлор Мун Берил была молодой девушкой на Земле в эпоху Серебряного тысячелетия.
Similarly, in Shin Densetsu Kourin, Beryl kills the evil King Endymion mud puppet to give Sailor Moon a fighting chance against Galaxia.	Точно так же в Shin Densetsu Kourin берилл убивает злого Короля Эндимиона МАДА марионетку, чтобы дать Сейлор Мун шанс сразиться с Галаксией.
In Sailor Moon Crystal, she is voiced by Misa Watanabe.	В фильме Кристалл Сейлор Мун ее озвучивает Миса Ватанабэ.
Instead, Metaria takes control of Endymion and uses him in an attempt to force Sailor Moon to use the Silver Crystal’s power.	Вместо этого Метария берет под свой контроль Эндимиона и использует его в попытке заставить Сейлор Мун использовать силу Серебряного Кристалла.
Metaria’s plan succeeds, but only after Sailor Moon is forced to kill Endymion and Metaria with him.	План метарии увенчался успехом, но только после того, как Сейлор Мун был вынужден убить Эндимиона и Метарию вместе с ним.
Sailor Moon revives Mamoru with the Silver Crystal’s power, with Metaria gone for good.	Сейлор Мун оживляет Мамору силой Серебряного кристалла, а Метария исчезает навсегда.
In the anime series, her voice actresses are Noriko Uemura in the first series and Yōko Matsuoka in Sailor Moon Crystal.	В аниме — сериале ее голосовые актрисы — Норико Уэмура в первой серии и Йоко Мацуока в Кристалле Сейлор Мун.
In Sailor Moon Crystal, Jadeite survives the battle against Sailor Mars, but Beryl sends Nephrite to fulfill their mission.	В Кристалле Сейлор Мун жадеит выживает в битве против Сейлор Марса, но берилл посылает нефрит, чтобы выполнить свою миссию.
When Nephrite discovers that Tuxedo Mask is Sailor Moon’s weakness, Beryl orders Nephrite to destroy Sailor Moon.	Когда нефрит обнаруживает, что смокинг — Маска — это слабость Сейлор Мун, берилл приказывает нефриту уничтожить Сейлор Мун.
Despite being unable to destroy Sailor Moon, he siphons some energy from Naru to Beryl.	Несмотря на то, что он не может уничтожить Сейлор Мун, он перекачивает некоторую энергию из Нару в берилл.
Diverted from this course of action by Endymion, he dies protecting Sailor Moon instead.	Отклоненный от этого курса действий Эндимионом, он умирает, защищая Сейлор Мун вместо этого.
In Sailor Moon Crystal, Zoisite calls Jadeite out for his failures and is later wounded by Usagi’s Moon Healing Escalation technique.	В Кристалле Сейлор Мун Цоизит призывает жадеита к своим неудачам и позже ранен техникой эскалации лунного исцеления Усаги.
Eventually, he captures all of the Sailor Guardians except for Sailor Moon.	В конце концов, он захватывает всех хранителей Сейлора, кроме Сейлор Мун.
In Sailor Moon Crystal, Kunzite calls out Jadeite for his failures.	В Кристалле Сейлор Мун кунцит призывает жадеит к своим неудачам.
In the end, Dark Mercury almost kills Sailor Moon, but the knowledge that she has injured her friend reverts Ami back to her true form.	В конце концов, темный Меркурий почти убивает Сейлор Мун, но знание того, что она ранила своего друга, возвращает Ами обратно в ее истинную форму.
After Sailor V defeats him, the group dissolves and the Dark Kingdom begins to act directly, thus leading into the Sailor Moon series.	После того, как Sailor V побеждает его, группа распадается, и Темное королевство начинает действовать напрямую,что приводит к серии Sailor Moon.
They are never mentioned in the Sailor Moon manga or other continuities.	Они никогда не упоминаются в манге Сейлор Мун или других продолжениях.
Swarms of monsters with black hooded robes begin to appear after Sailor Moon is revealed to be the Princess.	Рои монстров с черными капюшонами начинают появляться после того, как Сейлор Мун оказывается принцессой.
The Sailor Guardians destroy the DD Girls at the cost of their lives, ensuring that Sailor Moon reaches Beryl.	Хранители Сейлор уничтожают девочек ДД ценой их жизней, гарантируя, что Сейлор Мун доберется до Берил.
Paramount also released the cartoon shorts Boo Moon with Casper, the Friendly Ghost and Popeye, Ace of Space with Popeye the Sailor.	Paramount также выпустила короткометражный мультфильм Boo Moon с Каспером, дружелюбным призраком и Popeye, Ace of Space с Popeye The Sailor.
In the first anime adaptation, Beryl attacks Tokyo while Usagi Tsukino and the other Sailor Guardians are searching for the Moon Princess.	В первой аниме — адаптации Берил атакует Токио, в то время как Усаги Цукино и другие моряки — Хранители ищут лунную принцессу.

This article is about the media franchise. For the title character, see Sailor Moon (character). For other uses, see Sailor Moon (disambiguation).

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Sailor Moon, known as Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon (美少女戦士セーラームーン Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn^?, officially translated Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon)^[1] in Japan, is a media franchise created by mangaka Naoko Takeuchi. Fred Patten credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a sentai («team») of magical girls,^[2][3] and Paul Gravett, author of Manga: 60 Years of Japanese Comics, credits the series with «revitalizing» the magical-girl genre itself.^[4] Sailor Moon redefined the magical-girl genre, as previous magical girls did not use their powers to fight evil, but this has become one of the standard archetypes of the genre.^[5]

The story of the various metaseries revolves around the reborn defenders of a kingdom that once spanned the solar system, and around the evil forces that they battle. The major characters—the Sailor Senshi (literally «Sailor Soldiers»; frequently called «Sailor Scouts» in many Western versions), teenage girls—can transform into heroines named for the moon and planets (Sailor Moon, Sailor Mercury, Sailor Mars, etc.). The use of «Sailor» comes from a style of girls’ school uniform popular in Japan, the sērā fuku («sailor outfit»), on which Takeuchi modeled the Sailor Senshi’s uniforms. The elements of fantasy in the series are heavily symbolic and often based on mythology.

Origin

Before the Sailor Moon manga appeared, Takeuchi had written Codename: Sailor V, which centered around just one Sailor Senshi. She devised the idea when she wanted to create a cute series about girls in outer space, and her editor asked her to put them in sailor fuku.^[6] When Sailor V was proposed^{[by whom?]} for adaptation into an anime, the concept was modified by Takeuchi so that Sailor V herself became only one member of a team. The resulting manga series merged elements of the popular magical girl genre and the Super Sentai Series which Takeuchi admired,^[7] making Sailor Moon one of the first series ever to combine the two.

The manga resulted in spinoffs into other types of media, including a highly popular anime, as well as musical theatre productions, video games, and a tokusatsu series. Although most concepts in the many versions overlap, often notable differences occur, and thus continuity between the different formats remains limited.

Story

The protagonist of Sailor Moon, Usagi Tsukino, an ordinary ditzy middle-school girl—or so she thinks—discovers a talking cat named Luna, who reveals Usagi’s identity as «Sailor Moon,» a special warrior with the destiny of saving the planet Earth, and later the entire galaxy. Usagi must now find the moon princess and protect Earth from a series of villains, beginning with the Dark Kingdom that had appeared once before, long ago, and destroyed the kingdom of the moon.

The characters in Sailor Moon awaken members of the court of the kingdom of the moon, and the people dedicated to protecting it; when the dark nemesis attacked the kingdom, the Queen sent the Moon Princess, her guardians and advisors, and her true love into the future to be reborn. As Usagi and Luna battle evil and search for the Moon Princess, they meet the other Sailor Senshi, incarnations of the Moon Princess’ protectors, and the mysterious Tuxedo Mask.

As the series progresses, Usagi and her friends learn more and more about the enemies they face and the evil force that directs them. The characters’ pasts are mysterious and hidden even to them, and much of the early series is devoted to discovering their true identities and pasts. Luna, who teaches and guides the Sailor Senshi, doesn’t know everything about their histories either, and the Senshi eventually learn that Usagi is the real Moon Princess. The Moon Princess’ mother had her reborn as a Sailor Senshi to protect her. Gradually Usagi discovers the truth about her own past life, her destined true love, and the possibilities for the future of the Solar System.

The plot spans five major story arcs, each of them represented in both the manga and anime, usually under different names:

1. the Dark Kingdom arc (Sailor Moon)
2. the Black Moon arc (Sailor Moon R)
3. the Mugen/Infinity arc (Sailor Moon S)
4. the Dream arc (Sailor Moon SuperS)
5. the Stars arc (Sailor Moon Sailor Stars)

The anime added an additional minor arc at the start of the second series, and spent the first few episodes of Sailor Stars wrapping up the plot from the previous series. Taking place before the manga timeline, its sister series Codename: Sailor V tells the story of Sailor V, Minako Aino and her adventures during the year before Sailor Moon itself starts. Many characters from Codename: Sailor V return in Sailor Moon, including Sailor V herself (under the name «Sailor Venus»).

Characters

Usagi Tsukino/Sailor Moon (月野 うさぎ Tsukino Usagi^?)

The main character of the series. Usagi is a carefree young girl with an enormous capacity for love, compassion and understanding. Usagi transforms into the heroine called Sailor Moon, Soldier of Love and Justice. At the beginning of the series, she is fourteen years old and portrayed as an immature crybaby who hates having to fight evil and wants nothing more than to be a normal girl. As she progresses, however, she embraces the chance to use her power to protect those she cares about. Sailor Moon wields the all powerful Silver Crystal — a family heirloom from Moon Kingdom. Linking her life force with it can maximized it to its full potential, rarely used in this fashion because the end result could possibly mean Sailor Moon’s own death.^[8][9]

Ami Mizuno/Sailor Mercury (水野 亜美 Mizuno Ami^?)

A quiet, fourteen-year-old bookworm in Usagi’s class. Highly intelligent with a rumored IQ of 300,^[10] she can transform into Sailor Mercury, Soldier of Water and Wisdom. Ami’s shy exterior masks a passion for knowledge and for taking care of the people around her.^[11] She hopes to become a doctor one day, like her mother, and tends to be the practical one in the group. Secretly, she is also a fan of pop culture and romance novels, and becomes embarrassed whenever this is pointed out. Ami would also be considered the «tech girl» of the group, Utilizing her mini data computer, which is capable of scanning and detecting virtually anything she needs.

Rei Hino/Sailor Mars (火野 レイ Hino Rei^?)

An elegant, fourteen-year-old miko (shrine maiden). Because of her work as a Shinto priestess, Rei has limited precognition and can dispel/nullify evil using special Shinto scrolls, even in her civilian form.^[12] She transforms into Sailor Mars, Soldier of Fire and Passion. She is very serious and focused, but although easily annoyed by Usagi’s flightiness and being totally clueless, but cares about her very much. Rei is portrayed as boy-crazy in the early anime^[12] and short-tempered throughout, but is uninterested in romance and self-controlled in both the manga and live-action series.^[13] She attends a private, Catholic school separate from the other girls.

Makoto Kino/Sailor Jupiter (木野 まこと Kino Makoto^?)

A fourteen-year-old tomboy who transfers into Usagi’s school. Very tall and very strong for a Japanese schoolgirl,^[14] she can transform into Sailor Jupiter, Soldier of Strength and Lightning and with some control over plants. Both Makoto’s parents died in a plane crash years ago, so she lives alone and takes care of herself. She cultivates her physical strength as well as more domestic interests, including housekeeping, cooking, and gardening. She wants to marry young and to own a flower-and-cake shop.^[15]

Minako Aino/Sailor Venus (愛野 美奈子 Aino Minako^?)

A fourteen-year-old perky dreamer who acted on her own as Sailor V for some time.^[16][17] Called by her nickname Mina in the English versions, she has a companion cat called Artemis who works alongside Luna in guiding the Sailor Senshi. Minako transforms into Sailor Venus, Soldier of Love and Beauty, and leads Sailor Moon’s four inner guardians. She also dreams of becoming a famous singer and idol; she attends auditions whenever she can.^[18] In contrast, in the live-action series, she is a successful J-Pop singer (of whom Usagi and Ami are fans) and has a poor health condition, choosing to separate herself from the other Senshi as a result.^[19]

Chibiusa/Sailor Mini Moon (ちびうさ^?)

The future daughter of Usagi and Mamoru, around six to nine years old, Chibiusa travels from the 30th century to seek help to save her parents, then later to train with Sailor Moon to become a soldier.^[20] She learns to transform into Sailor Chibi Moon. At times she has an adversarial relationship with her mother in the 20th century,^[21] as she considers herself more mature than Usagi, but as the series progresses they develop a deep bond. Chibiusa wants to grow up to become a lady like her mother.^[22]

Mamoru Chiba/Tuxedo Mask (地場 衛 Chiba Mamoru^?)

A student somewhat older than Usagi. As a young child he experienced a terrible car-accident that robbed him of his parents and of his knowledge of his own identity.^[23] During the series its revealed he has a special psychic rapport with Usugi and can sense when she’s in danger,^[24][25] which inspires him to take on the guise of Tuxedo Mask and fight alongside the Sailor Senshi when needed. After an initially confrontational relationship,^[26] he and Usagi remember their past lives together and fall in love again.

Setsuna Meioh/Sailor Pluto (冥王 せつな Meiō Setsuna^?)

A mysterious woman who appears first as Sailor Pluto, the Soldier of Time and Space, who has the duty of guarding the time corridor from unauthorized travelers. Only later does she appear on Earth, living as a college student. She has a distant personality and can be very stern, but can also be quite friendly and helps the younger Sailor Senshi when she can.^[27] After so long at the Gate of Time she carries a deep sense of loneliness, although she is close friends with Chibiusa. Sailor Pluto’s weapon of choice is her Garnet Rod, which aids her with her power to freeze time and attacks.

Michiru Kaioh/Sailor Neptune (海王 みちる Kaiō Michiru^?)

A elegant and talented violinist and painter with family money. A year older than most of the other Sailor Senshi, she can transform into Sailor Neptune, Soldier of Ocean and Intuition. She worked alone for some time before finding her partner, Sailor Uranus, with whom she fell in love.^[28] Neptune has ultimately given up her own dreams for the life of a Senshi. She is fully devoted to this duty and willing to make any sacrifice for it. Sailor Neptune’s weapon of choice is her Deep Aqua Mirror, which aids her with her intuition and revealing cloaked evil.

Haruka Tenoh/Sailor Uranus (天王 はるか Ten’ō Haruka^?)

A good-natured, masculine-acting girl. Haruka, of an age with her partner, Michiru, transforms into Sailor Uranus, Soldier of the Sky and Fury. Before becoming a Sailor Senshi, she dreamt of being a racer, and she has excellent driving skills.^[29] She tends to dress and, in the anime, speak like a man. When it comes to fighting the enemy she distrusts outside help and prefers to work solely with Sailor Neptune and, later, Pluto and Saturn. Sailor Uranus’s weapon of choice is known as the Space Sword, which aids her with her fighting and attacks.

Hotaru Tomoe/Sailor Saturn (土萠 ほたる Tomoe Hotaru^?)

A sweet, lonely young girl whose name remains unchanged in the English versions, though pronounced slightly different. Daughter of a mad scientist, a terrible laboratory accident in her youth significantly compromised her health. After overcoming the darkness that has surrounded her family, Hotaru is able to become the Soldier of Death and Rebirth, Sailor Saturn.^[20] Saturn shows that being damaged should not stop one from being the best one can. Indeed, her past problems mean that she now wields forces of destruction so powerful that she is rarely called upon to use them, but unlike the others, her Senshi and civilian persona seem somewhat disconnected. She is often pensive, and as a human has the inexplicable power to heal others. She is the only one of the main characters to go with her name unchanged between the original Japanese and English-language localized versions. Sailor Saturn’s weapon of choice is her Silence Glaive, which aids her with her power to generate barriers and the power to destroy the universe.

• Note: In the mythology the Sailor Senshis’ names are derived from, Pluto is the god of Death and Rebirth, whereas Saturn is time and space. There is no known explanation for the mix-up in the names.

Adaptations

Manga

File:SMVolume1.jpg

The complete original manga spans 52 chapters, known as Acts, as well as ten separate side-stories. Its main series appeared in serial form in Nakayoshi, Kodansha’s shōjo manga

Before the Sailor Moon manga, Takeuchi published Codename: Sailor V, which centered around just Sailor Venus. She devised the idea when she wanted to create a cute series about girls in outer space, and her editor asked her to put them in sailor fuku.^[6] When Sailor V was proposed for adaptation into an anime, the concept was modified so that Sailor V herself became only one member of a team. The resulting manga series became a fusion of the popular magical girl genre, the Super Sentai Series, of which Takeuchi was a fan.^[7] Recurring motifs include astronomy,^[6] astrology, Greek myth,^[26] Roman myth, geology, Japanese elemental themes,^[30] teen fashions,^[11][26] and schoolgirl antics.^[11]

Talks between Takeuchi and her publishers originally envisaged only one story-arc,^[31] and the storyline developed in meetings a year prior to publications,^[32] but having completed it, Takeuchi was asked by her editors to continue. She issued four more story-arcs,^[31] often published simultaneously with the five corresponding anime series. The anime series would only lag the manga by a month or two.^[32]

The complete original manga spans 52 chapters, known as Acts, as well as ten separate side-stories. Its main series appeared in serial form in Nakayoshi, Kodansha’s shōjo manga magazine, from 1991 to 1995; the side-stories were serialized in Kodansha’s Run Run. Kodansha has published all the chapters and side-stories in book form. The first edition came out as the series was being produced, from 1992 through 1997,^[33][34] and consisted of 18 volumes with all the chapters and side stories in the order in which they had been released.

The second edition, called the shinsōban or «renewal» edition, began in 2003 during the run of the live-action series.^[35] Kodansha redistributed the individual chapters so that there are more per book, and some corrections and updates were made to the dialogue and drawings. New art was featured as well, including completely new cover art and character sketches (including characters unique to the live-action series). In all, the new edition consists of 12 story volumes and two separate short-story volumes.

By the end of 1995, the thirteen Sailor Moon volumes then available had sold about one million copies each, and Japan had exported the manga to over 23 countries, including China, Mexico, Australia, most of Europe and North America.^[36]

Kodansha released special art books for each of the five story arcs, collectively called the Original Picture Collection. The books contain cover art, promotional material, and other work done by Takeuchi. Many of the drawings appear accompanied by comments on how she developed her ideas, how she created each picture, whether or not she likes it, and commentary on the anime interpretation of her story.^{[37][38][39][40][41]}

Another picture collection, Volume Infinity, appeared in a strictly limited edition after the end of the series in 1997. This self-published artbook includes drawings by Takeuchi as well as by her friends, her staff, and many of the voice-actors who worked on the anime. In 1999 Kodansha published the Materials Collection; this contained development sketches and notes for nearly every character in the manga, as well as for some characters who never appeared. Each drawing is surrounded with notes by Takeuchi about the specifics of various costume pieces, the mentality of the characters, and her particular feelings about them. It also includes timelines for the story arcs and for the real-life release of products and materials relating to the anime and manga. At the end, the Parallel Sailor Moon short story is featured, celebrating the year of the rabbit.^[42]

Anime

The Sailor Moon anime, co-produced by TV Asahi, Toei Agency and Toei Animation, started airing only a month after the first issue of the manga was published. With 200 episodes airing from March 1992 to February 1997 on TV Asahi, Sailor Moon is one of the longest magical girl anime series. The anime sparked a highly successful merchandising campaign of over 5,000 items,^[26] which contributed to demand all over the world and translation into numerous languages. Sailor Moon has since become one of the most famous anime properties in the world.^[43][44] Due to its resurgence of popularity in Japan, the series returned to the airwaves on September 1, 2009. Also, Italy is getting it rebroadcasted in northern-hemisphere autumn 2010, also getting permission from Takeuchi who will be releasing new artwork to promote.^[45]

Sailor Moon consists of five separate arcs. The titles of the series are Sailor Moon, Sailor Moon R, Sailor Moon S, Sailor Moon SuperS and Sailor Moon Sailor Stars. Each series roughly corresponds to one of the five major story arcs of the manga, following the same general storyline and including most of the same characters.^[32] There were also five special animated shorts, as well as three theatrically-released movies: Sailor Moon R: The Movie, Sailor Moon S: The Movie, and Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie.^[46][47][48]

The anime series uses traditional animation techniques throughout. It was directed by Jun’ichi Satō, then Kunihiko Ikuhara and later Takuya Igarashi in succession. Character design was headed by Kazuko Tadano, Ikuko Itoh and Katsumi Tamegai, all of whom were also animation directors. Other animation directors included Masahiro Andō, Hisashi Kagawa, and Hideyuki Motohashi.^[49]

The series sold as twenty «volumes» in Japan. By the end of 1995, each volume had sold approximately 300,000 copies.^[36]

There were noticeable differences between the manga and anime, including the radical personality change of Rei Hino, the toned-down focus on Mamoru Chiba in later seasons, the large emphasis on the Sailor Starlights in the final arc, the removal of several characters including Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon and Sailor Kakyuu, the inclusion of an extra ‘arc’ in Sailor Moon R sometimes referred to as the ‘Makaiju arc’, Diana’s late introduction in the anime, the homosexual relationships between Zoisite and Kunzite and Michiru Kaioh and Haruka Tenoh, the personalities of the Ayakashi Sisters and the Witches 5 and the removal of Sailor Cosmos.

Stage musicals

The musical stage shows, usually referred to collectively as SeraMyu, were a series of live theatre productions that played over 800 performances in some 29 musicals between 1993 and 2005. The stories of the shows include anime-inspired plotlines as well as a large amount of original material. Music from the series has been released on about 20 «memorial» albums.^[50] The popularity of the musicals has been cited as a reason behind the production of the live action Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon TV series.^[51]

Musicals ran twice a year, in the winter and in the summer. In the summer, the musicals showed only in the Sunshine Theatre in the Ikebukuro area of Tokyo; however, in the winter they went on tour to the other large cities in Japan, including Osaka, Fukuoka,^[52] Nagoya, Shizuoka, Kanazawa, Sendai,^[53] Saga, Oita, Yamagata and Fukushima.^[54]

The final incarnation of the series, The New Legend of Kaguya Island (Revised Edition) (新・かぐや島伝説 <改訂版> Shin Kaguyashima Densetsu (Kaiteban)^?), went on stage in January 2005. Following that show, Bandai officially put the series on a hiatus,^[55] although the productions have not been revived since 2005 leading many fans to speculate that the series has been, for all intents and purposes, canceled.

Live-action series

The Tokyo Broadcasting System and Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting screened a tokusatsu (live-action) version of Sailor Moon from October 4, 2003 through September 25, 2004. The series, titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (often shortened to «PGSM»), used an entirely English-language title for the first time in the Sailor Moon franchise. It lasted a total of 49 episodes.^[56][57] Almost one thousand people applied for the parts of the five main characters.^[58]

The series’ storyline more closely follows the original manga than the anime at first, but in later episodes it proceeds into a significantly different storyline from either, with original characters and new plot developments.^[19][51]

In addition to the main episodes, two direct-to-video releases appeared after the show ended its television broadcast. These were the «Special Act», which is set four years after the main storyline ends and which shows the wedding of the two main characters, and «Act Zero», a prequel which shows the origins of Sailor V and Tuxedo Mask.^[59]

Video games

Main article: Sailor Moon video games

More than twenty Sailor Moon console and arcade games have appeared in Japan, all based on the anime series. Bandai and a Japanese game company called Angel (unrelated to the American-based Angel Studios, as of 2010 known as Rockstar San Diego) made most of them, with some produced by Banpresto. The early games were side-scrolling fighters, whereas the later ones were unique puzzle games, or versus fighting games. Another Story was a turn-based role-playing game.^[60]

The only Sailor Moon game produced outside of Japan, 3VR New Media’s The 3D Adventures of Sailor Moon, went on sale in North America in 1997.^[61]

English adaptations

The English adaptations of both the manga and anime series became the first successful shōjo title in the United States.^[9] The anime adaptation of Sailor Moon attempted to capitalize on the success of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.^[11][62] After a bidding-war between Toon Makers, who wanted to produce a half live-action and half American-style cartoon version,^[63]
and DIC Entertainment, DiC — then owned by The Walt Disney Company^[64]
— and Optimum Productions acquired the rights to the first two seasons of Sailor Moon,^[65] from which they cut six episodes and merged two. Editors cut each of the remaining episodes by several minutes to make room for more commercials, to censor plot points or visuals deemed inappropriate for children, and to allow the insertion of «educational» segments called «Sailor Says» at the end of each episode.

The English adaptations by Optimum Productions and Cloverway of Sailor Moon S and Sailor Moon SuperS (the third and fourth series) stayed relatively close to the original Japanese versions, without skipping or merging any episodes. Some controversial changes were made, however, such as the depiction of Sailors Uranus and Neptune as cousins rather than lesbian lovers.^[66]

Toei has never licensed the fifth and final series, Sailor Stars, for adaptation into English. As of May 2004, the rest of the metaseries has officially gone off the air in all English-speaking countries due to lapsed and unrenewed licenses.^[67]

The manga publisher Mixx (subsequently renamed Tokyopop) translated the Sailor Moon manga into English in 1997. The manga initially appeared syndicated in MixxZine but was later pulled out of that magazine and made into a separate monthly comic to finish the first through third arcs. At the same time, the fourth and fifth arcs began printing in a secondary magazine called «SMILE».^[68] After its initial publication, the entire series was reprinted in the smaller volume format known in the beginning as «Pocket Mixx» before Mixx became Tokyopop. In total, the series was collected into 11 «Sailor Moon» volumes, 4 «Sailor Moon SuperS» volumes, and 3 «Sailor Moon Stars» volumes. The volumes included extra stories that were not run with the monthly comics. Sailor Moon collects the first three arcs (the Dark Kingdom [Mixxzine 1-1 to 2-1 + Comic issues 1-7], Black Moon [8-19], and Infinity arcs [20-35]). Sailor Moon SuperS collects the Super S/Dream arc [Smile 1.1-2.6] and Sailor Moon Stars collects the Sailor Stars arc [Smile 2.7-3.10]. They feature all of the content from the original manga collections (though the names of characters introduced in the first two story arcs were changed to those used in the English anime), as well as the occasional new sketch and «thank you» commentary from the series’ creator.

The Tokyopop English-language manga went out of print on May 2, 2005 after the license expired.^[69][70]

Music

Numerous people wrote and composed music for the Sailor Moon metaseries, with frequent lyrical contributions by creator Naoko Takeuchi. Takanori Arisawa, who earned the «Golden Disk Grand Prize» from Columbia Records for his work on the first series soundtrack in 1993, composed and arranged all of the background musical scores, including the spinoffs, games, and movies. In 1998, 2000, and 2001 he won the JASRAC International Award for most international royalties, owing largely to the popularity of Sailor Moon music in other nations.^[71]

Most of the TV series used for an opening theme «Moonlight Densetsu» (ムーンライト伝説 Mūnraito Densetsu^?, lit. «Moonlight Legend»), composed by Tetsuya Komoro with lyrics by Kanako Oda. It was one of the series’ most popular songs. «Moonlight Densetsu» was performed by DALI as the opener for the first two anime series,^[72][73] and then by Moon Lips for the third and fourth.^[74][75] The final series, Sailor Stars, switched to using «Sailor Star Song» for its opening theme, written by Shōki Araki with lyrics by Naoko Takeuchi and performed by Kae Hanazawa.^[76] «Moonlight Densetsu» made its final appearance as the closing song for the very last episode, #200.^[49] «Moonlight Densetsu» has been covered and remixed many times by artists such as the punk supergroup Osaka Popstar and Kitade Nana.

The English-language dub of the anime series used the melody of «Moonlight Densetsu», but with very different lyrics and instrumentation. At the time, it was unusual for anime theme songs to be translated, and this was one of the first such themes to be redone in English since Star Blazers.^[77] The English theme has been described as «insane but catchy».^[78] The Japanese theme is a love song based on the relationship between Usagi and Mamoru («born on the same Earth»); its first verse, as it appears in the English subtitles, is as follows:^[79]

I’m sorry I’m not straightforward,

I can say it in my dreams

My thoughts are about to short circuit,

I want to see you right now

The English «Sailor Moon Theme» rather resembles a superhero anthem. Its first verse is written:^[80]

Fighting evil by moonlight,

Winning love by daylight,

Never running from a real fight,

She is the one named Sailor Moon

Both versions of the series also make use of insert themes, battle music, and image songs, with the original being much more prolific. Over 40 Japanese music albums were released for the anime alone, many of which were remixes of the previous albums in jazz style, music box, French, etc. In addition, 33 different CD singles were released, many of them centered around specific characters. The second most prolific country in terms of Sailor Moon music releases was Germany, which produced some fifteen albums and singles, including five by the pop band Super Moonies. In North America, only three albums were released. These numbers do not include the CDs from the Musicals, which were only released in Japan. At least one CD was released per musical, as well as various collections, such as Villain Collections or many songs sung by a single actor or actress. Various CDs were also released for the live action adaptation as well.

Moonlight Densetsu was released as a CD single in March 1992, and was an «explosive hit».^[81] «Moonlight Densetsu» won first place in the Song category in Animage’s 15th and 16th Anime Grand Prix.^[82][83] It came seventh in the 17th Grand Prix, and «Moon Revenge», from Sailor Moon R: The Movie, came eighth.^[84] «Rashiku Ikimasho», the second closing song for Supers, placed eighteenth in 1996.^[85] In 1997, «Sailor Star Song», the new opening theme for Sailor Stars, came eleventh, and «Moonlight Densetsu» came sixteenth.^[86]

Reception

The manga won the Kodansha Manga Award in 1993 for shōjo.^[87]

Originally planned to run for only six months, the Sailor Moon anime repeatedly continued due to its popularity, concluding only after a five-year run.^[88] In Japan, it aired every Saturday night in prime time,^[26][89] getting TV viewership ratings around 11-12% for most of the series run.^[26][90] Commentators detect in the anime adaptation of Sailor Moon «a more shonen tone,» appealing to a wider audience than the manga, which aimed squarely at teenage girls.^[91] Later episodes of the anime added nude transformation sequences for the male audience, to the annoyance of Takeuchi — in the edited English version these scenes were censored.^[92] The media franchise is one of the most successful Japan has ever had, reaching 1.5 billion dollars in merchandise sales during the first three years. Ten years after the series completion, the series has featured among the top thirty of TV Asahi’s Top 100 anime polls in 2005 and 2006.^[43][44] The anime series won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize in 1993.^[82] Sales of Sailor Moon’s fashion dolls overtook that of Licca-chan in the 1990s; Mattel suggested that this was due to the «fashion-action» blend of the Sailor Moon storyline. Doll accessories included both fashion items and the Senshi’s weapons.^[11]

Sailor Moon has also become popular internationally. Spain and France became the first countries outside of Japan to air Sailor Moon, beginning in December 1993.^[46] Other countries followed suit, including Australia, South Korea, the Philippines, Italy, Peru, Brazil, Sweden and Hong Kong, before North America picked up the franchise for adaptation.^[93] In 2001, the Sailor Moon manga was Tokyopop’s best selling property, outselling the next-best selling titles by at least a factor of 1.5.^[94]

Critics have commended the anime series for its portrayal of strong friendships,^[95] as well as for its large cast of «strikingly different» characters who have different dimensions and aspects to them as the story goes on,^[96] and an ability to appeal to a wide audience.^[97] Writer Nicolas Penedo attributes the success of Sailor Moon to its fusion of the shōjo manga genre of magical girls with the Super Sentai fighting teams.^[91] According to Martha Cornog and Timothy Perper, Sailor Moon became popular because of its «strongly-plotted action with fight scenes, rescues» and its «emphasis on feelings and relationships», including some «sexy romance» between Usagi and Mamoru.^[98] In contrast, others see Sailor Moon as campy^[19] and melodramatic. Criticism has singled out its use of formulaic plots, monsters of the day,^[99] and stock footage.^[100]

Drazen notes that Sailor Moon has two kinds of villains, the Monster of the Day and the «thinking, feeling humans». Although this is common in anime and manga, it is «almost unheard of in the West».^[21] Despite the series’ apparent popularity among Western anime fandom, the dubbed version of the series received poor ratings in the United States and did not do well in DVD sales in the United Kingdom.^[101] Anne Allison attributes the lack of popularity in the United States primarily to poor marketing (in the United States, the series was initially broadcast at times which did not suit the target audience — weekdays at 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 pm). Executives connected with Sailor Moon suggest that poor localization played a role.^[11] Helen McCarthy and Jonathan Clements go further, calling the dub «indifferent», and suggesting that Sailor Moon was put in «dead» timeslots due to local interests.^[102] The British distributor, MVM Films, has attributed the poor sales to the United Kingdom release being of the dub only, and that major retailers refused to support the show leading to the DVD release appealing to neither children nor older anime fans.^[101]

Both the manga editorial vid and the anime series were released in Mexico twice in a quite accurate translation in Imevisión (what is now TV Azteca), which also aired almost complete versions of Saint Seiya, Senki, Candy Candy, Remi, Nobody’s Girl, Card Captor Sakura and Detective Conan. With quite a success and in the U.S. censored version in the Cartoon Network that was very quickly taken off the air due to the lack of viewers being lackluster compared to the original version; due to sensitive or controversial topics a Catholic parents’ group exerted pressure to take it off the market, which partially succeeded — but after the whole series had been aired once from Sailor Moon to Sailor Stars and some of the movies.^[103]

Due to anti-Japanese sentiment, most of Japanese media other than animated ones was banned for many years in South Korea. A producer in KBS «did not even try to buy» Sailor Moon because he thought it would not pass the censorship laws, but as of May 1997, Sailor Moon was airing on KBS 2 without issues and was «enormously» popular.^[104]

In his 2007 book Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson gave the manga series 3 / 5 stars. He enjoyed the blending of shōnen and shōjo styles, stating that the combat scenes seemed heavily influenced by Saint Seiya, but shorter and less bloody, and noting that the manga itself appeared similar to Super Sentai television shows. While Thompson found the series fun and entertaining, the repetitive plot lines were a detriment to the title which the increasing quality of art could not make up for; even so, he still states that the series is «sweet, effective entertainment».^[9]

James Welker believes that Sailor Moon’s futuristic setting helps to make lesbianism «naturalized» and a peaceful existence. Yukari Fujimoto notes that although there are few «lesbian scenes» in Sailor Moon, it has become a popular subject for yuri parodic dojinshi. She attributes this to the source work’s «cheerful» tone, although she notes that «though they seem to be overflowing with lesbians, the position of heterosexuals is earnestly secured».^[105]

When comparing the manga and anime, Sylvian Durand first notes that the manga artwork is gorgeous, but that the storytelling is more compressed and erratic, and that the anime has more character development. Durand felt «the sense of tragedy is greater» in the manga’s telling of the «fall of the Silver Millennium», giving more detail on the origins of the Shitennou and on Usagi’s final battle with Beryl and Metalia. Durand feels that the anime leaves out information which makes the story easier to understand, but judges the anime more «coherent», with a better balance of comedy and tragedy, whereas the manga is «more tragic» and focused on Usagi and Mamoru’s romance.^[106]

Legacy

The anime has been cited as reinvigorating the magical girl genre by adding dynamic heroines and action-oriented plots. After its success, many similar titles immediately followed. Magic Knight Rayearth, Wedding Peach, Nurse Angel Ririka and Revolutionary Girl Utena all owe much of their basis to the popularity of Sailor Moon.^[107] Sailor Moon has been called «the biggest breakthrough» in English dubbed anime up until 1995, when it premiered on YTV,^[93] and «the pinnacle of little kid shojo anime».^[108] Matt Thorn notes that soon after Sailor Moon, shōjo manga began to be featured in book shops, as opposed to fandom-dominated comic shops.^[109] It is credited as the beginning of a wider movement of girls taking up shōjo manga.^{[9][110][111]} Gilles Poitras defines a «generation» of anime fans as those who were introduced to anime by Sailor Moon in the 1990s, noting that they were both much younger than the other fans and also mostly girls. Poitras credits Sailor Moon as laying the ground for other shōjo series such as Fushigi Yuugi, Vision of Escaflowne and Revolutionary Girl Utena.^[112]

Fred Patten credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a Super Sentai-like team of magical girls,^[2][3] and Paul Gravett credits the series with «revitalizing» the magical girl genre itself.^[4] The series is credited with changing the genre of magical girls—its heroine must use her powers to fight evil, not simply to have fun as previous magical girls had done.^[5]

In the West, people sometimes associated Sailor Moon with the feminist or Girl Power movements and with empowering its viewers,^[110] especially regarding the «credible, charismatic and independent» characterizations of the Sailor Senshi, which were «interpreted in France as an unambiguously feminist position.»^[91] As such, it has been compared with Barbie,^[113] Mighty Morphin Power Rangers,^[26][95] Buffy the Vampire Slayer,^{[114][115][116]} and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.^[117] Its characters have also been described as «catty stereotypes», with Sailor Moon’s character in particular being singled out as less-than-feminist because her favorite class is home economics and her least favorite is math, although Japanese audiences viewed her character as tomboyish. The series creator has said she based Usagi on herself, and is meant to reflect her reality.^[118]

In English-speaking countries, Sailor Moon developed a cult following amongst various anime fans and male university students,^[26] and Drazen considers that the Internet was a new medium that fans used to communicate and played a role in the popularity of Sailor Moon.^[114] Fans could use the Internet to communicate about the series, using it to organize campaigns to return Sailor Moon to U.S. broadcast, and to share information about episodes that had not yet aired.^[118] In 2004, one study suggested there were 3,335,000 sites about Sailor Moon, compared to 491,000 for Mickey Mouse.^[119] NEO magazine suggested that part of Sailor Moon’s allure was that fans communicated, via the Internet, about the differences between the dub and the original version.^[120] The Sailor Moon fandom was described in 1997 as being «small and dispersed».^[121] In a United States study, children paid rapt attention to the fighting scenes in Sailor Moon, although when questioned if Sailor Moon was «violent» only two would say yes, the other ten preferring to describe the episodes as «soft» or «cute».^[122]

International revival

As of 2004, Toei has control over the license to distribute Sailor Moon outside of Japan. On February 4, 2010, Toei began negotiations to re-license the entire series globally. If such a revival occurs, the international re-airing would start in Italy after a Japanese debut, then work its way around the world.^{[citation needed]} In February 2010 the show returned to Albania in its original form.^[123] As of March 1, 2010, a new remastered Sailor Moon has returned to Italian television. Toei has also stated if it is popular in Italy, an international revival will begin. However, it has yet to be announced if the English version will be re-licensed. It should be noted that the English version only consists of most of the 1st season as well as the entire 2nd, 3rd and 4th seasons (minus the SuperS TV special). Recently, Toei is offering 200 refurbished episodes of Sailor Moon at MIPTV.^[124] The anime is also scheduled to begin playing on TVB J2 channel in Hong Kong once more in August 2010.

In 2009 Funimation announced that it was considering an entire re-dub of the Sailor Moon series and asked people to take part in a survey on what their next project should be. The re-dub of the Sailor Moon series was included. The results of the survey have not been released to the public.^[125]

References

External links

• Official Sailormoon website (Japanese)
• Sailor Moon (anime) at Anime News Network’s Encyclopedia
• Sailor Moon (manga) at Anime News Network’s Encyclopedia
• Sailor Moon at the Open Directory Project
• Sailor Moon Wikia
• Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon at the Internet Movie Database

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be-x-old:Прыгожая Ваярка Сэйляр Месяц
bg:Сейлър Муун
ca:Sailor Moon
da:Sailor Moon
et:Sailor Moon
el:Sailor Moon
eo:Sailor Moon
gl:Sailor Moon
ko:달의 요정 세일러문
hr:Mjesečeva ratnica
id:Sailor Moon
it:Sailor Moon
he:סיילור מון
la:Sailor Moon
lv:Sailor Moon
lb:Sailor Moon
lt:Sailor Moon
hu:Sailor Moon
ms:Sailor Moon
nl:Sailor Moon
no:Sailor Moon
uz:Sailor Moon
pl:Czarodziejka z Księżyca
pt:Sailor Moon
ro:Sailor Moon
ru:Сейлор Мун
sq:Sailor Moon
simple:Sailor Moon
sr:Sailor Moon
sh:Sailor Moon
fi:Sailor Moon
sv:Sailor Moon
tl:Sailor Moon
th:เซเลอร์มูน
tr:Ay Savaşçısı
uk:Сейлор Мун
vi:Thủy thủ Mặt Trăng (manga)
zh:美少女戰士

This article is about the media franchise. For the title character, see Sailor Moon (character). For other uses, see Sailor Moon (disambiguation).

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Sailor Moon, known as Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon (美少女戦士セーラームーン Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn^?, officially translated Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon)^[1] in Japan, is a media franchise created by mangaka Naoko Takeuchi. Fred Patten credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a sentai («team») of magical girls,^[2][3] and Paul Gravett, author of Manga: 60 Years of Japanese Comics, credits the series with «revitalizing» the magical-girl genre itself.^[4] Sailor Moon redefined the magical-girl genre, as previous magical girls did not use their powers to fight evil, but this has become one of the standard archetypes of the genre.^[5]

The story of the various metaseries revolves around the reborn defenders of a kingdom that once spanned the solar system, and around the evil forces that they battle. The major characters—the Sailor Senshi (literally «Sailor Soldiers»; frequently called «Sailor Scouts» in many Western versions), teenage girls—can transform into heroines named for the moon and planets (Sailor Moon, Sailor Mercury, Sailor Mars, etc.). The use of «Sailor» comes from a style of girls’ school uniform popular in Japan, the sērā fuku («sailor outfit»), on which Takeuchi modeled the Sailor Senshi’s uniforms. The elements of fantasy in the series are heavily symbolic and often based on mythology.

Origin

Before the Sailor Moon manga appeared, Takeuchi had written Codename: Sailor V, which centered around just one Sailor Senshi. She devised the idea when she wanted to create a cute series about girls in outer space, and her editor asked her to put them in sailor fuku.^[6] When Sailor V was proposed^{[by whom?]} for adaptation into an anime, the concept was modified by Takeuchi so that Sailor V herself became only one member of a team. The resulting manga series merged elements of the popular magical girl genre and the Super Sentai Series which Takeuchi admired,^[7] making Sailor Moon one of the first series ever to combine the two.

The manga resulted in spinoffs into other types of media, including a highly popular anime, as well as musical theatre productions, video games, and a tokusatsu series. Although most concepts in the many versions overlap, often notable differences occur, and thus continuity between the different formats remains limited.

Story

The protagonist of Sailor Moon, Usagi Tsukino, an ordinary ditzy middle-school girl—or so she thinks—discovers a talking cat named Luna, who reveals Usagi’s identity as «Sailor Moon,» a special warrior with the destiny of saving the planet Earth, and later the entire galaxy. Usagi must now find the moon princess and protect Earth from a series of villains, beginning with the Dark Kingdom that had appeared once before, long ago, and destroyed the kingdom of the moon.

The characters in Sailor Moon awaken members of the court of the kingdom of the moon, and the people dedicated to protecting it; when the dark nemesis attacked the kingdom, the Queen sent the Moon Princess, her guardians and advisors, and her true love into the future to be reborn. As Usagi and Luna battle evil and search for the Moon Princess, they meet the other Sailor Senshi, incarnations of the Moon Princess’ protectors, and the mysterious Tuxedo Mask.

As the series progresses, Usagi and her friends learn more and more about the enemies they face and the evil force that directs them. The characters’ pasts are mysterious and hidden even to them, and much of the early series is devoted to discovering their true identities and pasts. Luna, who teaches and guides the Sailor Senshi, doesn’t know everything about their histories either, and the Senshi eventually learn that Usagi is the real Moon Princess. The Moon Princess’ mother had her reborn as a Sailor Senshi to protect her. Gradually Usagi discovers the truth about her own past life, her destined true love, and the possibilities for the future of the Solar System.

The plot spans five major story arcs, each of them represented in both the manga and anime, usually under different names:

1. the Dark Kingdom arc (Sailor Moon)
2. the Black Moon arc (Sailor Moon R)
3. the Mugen/Infinity arc (Sailor Moon S)
4. the Dream arc (Sailor Moon SuperS)
5. the Stars arc (Sailor Moon Sailor Stars)

The anime added an additional minor arc at the start of the second series, and spent the first few episodes of Sailor Stars wrapping up the plot from the previous series. Taking place before the manga timeline, its sister series Codename: Sailor V tells the story of Sailor V, Minako Aino and her adventures during the year before Sailor Moon itself starts. Many characters from Codename: Sailor V return in Sailor Moon, including Sailor V herself (under the name «Sailor Venus»).

Characters

Usagi Tsukino/Sailor Moon (月野 うさぎ Tsukino Usagi^?)

The main character of the series. Usagi is a carefree young girl with an enormous capacity for love, compassion and understanding. Usagi transforms into the heroine called Sailor Moon, Soldier of Love and Justice. At the beginning of the series, she is fourteen years old and portrayed as an immature crybaby who hates having to fight evil and wants nothing more than to be a normal girl. As she progresses, however, she embraces the chance to use her power to protect those she cares about. Sailor Moon wields the all powerful Silver Crystal — a family heirloom from Moon Kingdom. Linking her life force with it can maximized it to its full potential, rarely used in this fashion because the end result could possibly mean Sailor Moon’s own death.^[8][9]

Ami Mizuno/Sailor Mercury (水野 亜美 Mizuno Ami^?)

A quiet, fourteen-year-old bookworm in Usagi’s class. Highly intelligent with a rumored IQ of 300,^[10] she can transform into Sailor Mercury, Soldier of Water and Wisdom. Ami’s shy exterior masks a passion for knowledge and for taking care of the people around her.^[11] She hopes to become a doctor one day, like her mother, and tends to be the practical one in the group. Secretly, she is also a fan of pop culture and romance novels, and becomes embarrassed whenever this is pointed out. Ami would also be considered the «tech girl» of the group, Utilizing her mini data computer, which is capable of scanning and detecting virtually anything she needs.

Rei Hino/Sailor Mars (火野 レイ Hino Rei^?)

An elegant, fourteen-year-old miko (shrine maiden). Because of her work as a Shinto priestess, Rei has limited precognition and can dispel/nullify evil using special Shinto scrolls, even in her civilian form.^[12] She transforms into Sailor Mars, Soldier of Fire and Passion. She is very serious and focused, but although easily annoyed by Usagi’s flightiness and being totally clueless, but cares about her very much. Rei is portrayed as boy-crazy in the early anime^[12] and short-tempered throughout, but is uninterested in romance and self-controlled in both the manga and live-action series.^[13] She attends a private, Catholic school separate from the other girls.

Makoto Kino/Sailor Jupiter (木野 まこと Kino Makoto^?)

A fourteen-year-old tomboy who transfers into Usagi’s school. Very tall and very strong for a Japanese schoolgirl,^[14] she can transform into Sailor Jupiter, Soldier of Strength and Lightning and with some control over plants. Both Makoto’s parents died in a plane crash years ago, so she lives alone and takes care of herself. She cultivates her physical strength as well as more domestic interests, including housekeeping, cooking, and gardening. She wants to marry young and to own a flower-and-cake shop.^[15]

Minako Aino/Sailor Venus (愛野 美奈子 Aino Minako^?)

A fourteen-year-old perky dreamer who acted on her own as Sailor V for some time.^[16][17] Called by her nickname Mina in the English versions, she has a companion cat called Artemis who works alongside Luna in guiding the Sailor Senshi. Minako transforms into Sailor Venus, Soldier of Love and Beauty, and leads Sailor Moon’s four inner guardians. She also dreams of becoming a famous singer and idol; she attends auditions whenever she can.^[18] In contrast, in the live-action series, she is a successful J-Pop singer (of whom Usagi and Ami are fans) and has a poor health condition, choosing to separate herself from the other Senshi as a result.^[19]

Chibiusa/Sailor Mini Moon (ちびうさ^?)

The future daughter of Usagi and Mamoru, around six to nine years old, Chibiusa travels from the 30th century to seek help to save her parents, then later to train with Sailor Moon to become a soldier.^[20] She learns to transform into Sailor Chibi Moon. At times she has an adversarial relationship with her mother in the 20th century,^[21] as she considers herself more mature than Usagi, but as the series progresses they develop a deep bond. Chibiusa wants to grow up to become a lady like her mother.^[22]

Mamoru Chiba/Tuxedo Mask (地場 衛 Chiba Mamoru^?)

A student somewhat older than Usagi. As a young child he experienced a terrible car-accident that robbed him of his parents and of his knowledge of his own identity.^[23] During the series its revealed he has a special psychic rapport with Usugi and can sense when she’s in danger,^[24][25] which inspires him to take on the guise of Tuxedo Mask and fight alongside the Sailor Senshi when needed. After an initially confrontational relationship,^[26] he and Usagi remember their past lives together and fall in love again.

Setsuna Meioh/Sailor Pluto (冥王 せつな Meiō Setsuna^?)

A mysterious woman who appears first as Sailor Pluto, the Soldier of Time and Space, who has the duty of guarding the time corridor from unauthorized travelers. Only later does she appear on Earth, living as a college student. She has a distant personality and can be very stern, but can also be quite friendly and helps the younger Sailor Senshi when she can.^[27] After so long at the Gate of Time she carries a deep sense of loneliness, although she is close friends with Chibiusa. Sailor Pluto’s weapon of choice is her Garnet Rod, which aids her with her power to freeze time and attacks.

Michiru Kaioh/Sailor Neptune (海王 みちる Kaiō Michiru^?)

A elegant and talented violinist and painter with family money. A year older than most of the other Sailor Senshi, she can transform into Sailor Neptune, Soldier of Ocean and Intuition. She worked alone for some time before finding her partner, Sailor Uranus, with whom she fell in love.^[28] Neptune has ultimately given up her own dreams for the life of a Senshi. She is fully devoted to this duty and willing to make any sacrifice for it. Sailor Neptune’s weapon of choice is her Deep Aqua Mirror, which aids her with her intuition and revealing cloaked evil.

Haruka Tenoh/Sailor Uranus (天王 はるか Ten’ō Haruka^?)

A good-natured, masculine-acting girl. Haruka, of an age with her partner, Michiru, transforms into Sailor Uranus, Soldier of the Sky and Fury. Before becoming a Sailor Senshi, she dreamt of being a racer, and she has excellent driving skills.^[29] She tends to dress and, in the anime, speak like a man. When it comes to fighting the enemy she distrusts outside help and prefers to work solely with Sailor Neptune and, later, Pluto and Saturn. Sailor Uranus’s weapon of choice is known as the Space Sword, which aids her with her fighting and attacks.

Hotaru Tomoe/Sailor Saturn (土萠 ほたる Tomoe Hotaru^?)

A sweet, lonely young girl whose name remains unchanged in the English versions, though pronounced slightly different. Daughter of a mad scientist, a terrible laboratory accident in her youth significantly compromised her health. After overcoming the darkness that has surrounded her family, Hotaru is able to become the Soldier of Death and Rebirth, Sailor Saturn.^[20] Saturn shows that being damaged should not stop one from being the best one can. Indeed, her past problems mean that she now wields forces of destruction so powerful that she is rarely called upon to use them, but unlike the others, her Senshi and civilian persona seem somewhat disconnected. She is often pensive, and as a human has the inexplicable power to heal others. She is the only one of the main characters to go with her name unchanged between the original Japanese and English-language localized versions. Sailor Saturn’s weapon of choice is her Silence Glaive, which aids her with her power to generate barriers and the power to destroy the universe.

• Note: In the mythology the Sailor Senshis’ names are derived from, Pluto is the god of Death and Rebirth, whereas Saturn is time and space. There is no known explanation for the mix-up in the names.

Adaptations

Manga

File:SMVolume1.jpg

The complete original manga spans 52 chapters, known as Acts, as well as ten separate side-stories. Its main series appeared in serial form in Nakayoshi, Kodansha’s shōjo manga

Before the Sailor Moon manga, Takeuchi published Codename: Sailor V, which centered around just Sailor Venus. She devised the idea when she wanted to create a cute series about girls in outer space, and her editor asked her to put them in sailor fuku.^[6] When Sailor V was proposed for adaptation into an anime, the concept was modified so that Sailor V herself became only one member of a team. The resulting manga series became a fusion of the popular magical girl genre, the Super Sentai Series, of which Takeuchi was a fan.^[7] Recurring motifs include astronomy,^[6] astrology, Greek myth,^[26] Roman myth, geology, Japanese elemental themes,^[30] teen fashions,^[11][26] and schoolgirl antics.^[11]

Talks between Takeuchi and her publishers originally envisaged only one story-arc,^[31] and the storyline developed in meetings a year prior to publications,^[32] but having completed it, Takeuchi was asked by her editors to continue. She issued four more story-arcs,^[31] often published simultaneously with the five corresponding anime series. The anime series would only lag the manga by a month or two.^[32]

The complete original manga spans 52 chapters, known as Acts, as well as ten separate side-stories. Its main series appeared in serial form in Nakayoshi, Kodansha’s shōjo manga magazine, from 1991 to 1995; the side-stories were serialized in Kodansha’s Run Run. Kodansha has published all the chapters and side-stories in book form. The first edition came out as the series was being produced, from 1992 through 1997,^[33][34] and consisted of 18 volumes with all the chapters and side stories in the order in which they had been released.

The second edition, called the shinsōban or «renewal» edition, began in 2003 during the run of the live-action series.^[35] Kodansha redistributed the individual chapters so that there are more per book, and some corrections and updates were made to the dialogue and drawings. New art was featured as well, including completely new cover art and character sketches (including characters unique to the live-action series). In all, the new edition consists of 12 story volumes and two separate short-story volumes.

By the end of 1995, the thirteen Sailor Moon volumes then available had sold about one million copies each, and Japan had exported the manga to over 23 countries, including China, Mexico, Australia, most of Europe and North America.^[36]

Kodansha released special art books for each of the five story arcs, collectively called the Original Picture Collection. The books contain cover art, promotional material, and other work done by Takeuchi. Many of the drawings appear accompanied by comments on how she developed her ideas, how she created each picture, whether or not she likes it, and commentary on the anime interpretation of her story.^{[37][38][39][40][41]}

Another picture collection, Volume Infinity, appeared in a strictly limited edition after the end of the series in 1997. This self-published artbook includes drawings by Takeuchi as well as by her friends, her staff, and many of the voice-actors who worked on the anime. In 1999 Kodansha published the Materials Collection; this contained development sketches and notes for nearly every character in the manga, as well as for some characters who never appeared. Each drawing is surrounded with notes by Takeuchi about the specifics of various costume pieces, the mentality of the characters, and her particular feelings about them. It also includes timelines for the story arcs and for the real-life release of products and materials relating to the anime and manga. At the end, the Parallel Sailor Moon short story is featured, celebrating the year of the rabbit.^[42]

Anime

The Sailor Moon anime, co-produced by TV Asahi, Toei Agency and Toei Animation, started airing only a month after the first issue of the manga was published. With 200 episodes airing from March 1992 to February 1997 on TV Asahi, Sailor Moon is one of the longest magical girl anime series. The anime sparked a highly successful merchandising campaign of over 5,000 items,^[26] which contributed to demand all over the world and translation into numerous languages. Sailor Moon has since become one of the most famous anime properties in the world.^[43][44] Due to its resurgence of popularity in Japan, the series returned to the airwaves on September 1, 2009. Also, Italy is getting it rebroadcasted in northern-hemisphere autumn 2010, also getting permission from Takeuchi who will be releasing new artwork to promote.^[45]

Sailor Moon consists of five separate arcs. The titles of the series are Sailor Moon, Sailor Moon R, Sailor Moon S, Sailor Moon SuperS and Sailor Moon Sailor Stars. Each series roughly corresponds to one of the five major story arcs of the manga, following the same general storyline and including most of the same characters.^[32] There were also five special animated shorts, as well as three theatrically-released movies: Sailor Moon R: The Movie, Sailor Moon S: The Movie, and Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie.^[46][47][48]

The anime series uses traditional animation techniques throughout. It was directed by Jun’ichi Satō, then Kunihiko Ikuhara and later Takuya Igarashi in succession. Character design was headed by Kazuko Tadano, Ikuko Itoh and Katsumi Tamegai, all of whom were also animation directors. Other animation directors included Masahiro Andō, Hisashi Kagawa, and Hideyuki Motohashi.^[49]

The series sold as twenty «volumes» in Japan. By the end of 1995, each volume had sold approximately 300,000 copies.^[36]

There were noticeable differences between the manga and anime, including the radical personality change of Rei Hino, the toned-down focus on Mamoru Chiba in later seasons, the large emphasis on the Sailor Starlights in the final arc, the removal of several characters including Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon and Sailor Kakyuu, the inclusion of an extra ‘arc’ in Sailor Moon R sometimes referred to as the ‘Makaiju arc’, Diana’s late introduction in the anime, the homosexual relationships between Zoisite and Kunzite and Michiru Kaioh and Haruka Tenoh, the personalities of the Ayakashi Sisters and the Witches 5 and the removal of Sailor Cosmos.

Stage musicals

The musical stage shows, usually referred to collectively as SeraMyu, were a series of live theatre productions that played over 800 performances in some 29 musicals between 1993 and 2005. The stories of the shows include anime-inspired plotlines as well as a large amount of original material. Music from the series has been released on about 20 «memorial» albums.^[50] The popularity of the musicals has been cited as a reason behind the production of the live action Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon TV series.^[51]

Musicals ran twice a year, in the winter and in the summer. In the summer, the musicals showed only in the Sunshine Theatre in the Ikebukuro area of Tokyo; however, in the winter they went on tour to the other large cities in Japan, including Osaka, Fukuoka,^[52] Nagoya, Shizuoka, Kanazawa, Sendai,^[53] Saga, Oita, Yamagata and Fukushima.^[54]

The final incarnation of the series, The New Legend of Kaguya Island (Revised Edition) (新・かぐや島伝説 <改訂版> Shin Kaguyashima Densetsu (Kaiteban)^?), went on stage in January 2005. Following that show, Bandai officially put the series on a hiatus,^[55] although the productions have not been revived since 2005 leading many fans to speculate that the series has been, for all intents and purposes, canceled.

Live-action series

The Tokyo Broadcasting System and Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting screened a tokusatsu (live-action) version of Sailor Moon from October 4, 2003 through September 25, 2004. The series, titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (often shortened to «PGSM»), used an entirely English-language title for the first time in the Sailor Moon franchise. It lasted a total of 49 episodes.^[56][57] Almost one thousand people applied for the parts of the five main characters.^[58]

The series’ storyline more closely follows the original manga than the anime at first, but in later episodes it proceeds into a significantly different storyline from either, with original characters and new plot developments.^[19][51]

In addition to the main episodes, two direct-to-video releases appeared after the show ended its television broadcast. These were the «Special Act», which is set four years after the main storyline ends and which shows the wedding of the two main characters, and «Act Zero», a prequel which shows the origins of Sailor V and Tuxedo Mask.^[59]

Video games

Main article: Sailor Moon video games

More than twenty Sailor Moon console and arcade games have appeared in Japan, all based on the anime series. Bandai and a Japanese game company called Angel (unrelated to the American-based Angel Studios, as of 2010 known as Rockstar San Diego) made most of them, with some produced by Banpresto. The early games were side-scrolling fighters, whereas the later ones were unique puzzle games, or versus fighting games. Another Story was a turn-based role-playing game.^[60]

The only Sailor Moon game produced outside of Japan, 3VR New Media’s The 3D Adventures of Sailor Moon, went on sale in North America in 1997.^[61]

English adaptations

The English adaptations of both the manga and anime series became the first successful shōjo title in the United States.^[9] The anime adaptation of Sailor Moon attempted to capitalize on the success of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.^[11][62] After a bidding-war between Toon Makers, who wanted to produce a half live-action and half American-style cartoon version,^[63]
and DIC Entertainment, DiC — then owned by The Walt Disney Company^[64]
— and Optimum Productions acquired the rights to the first two seasons of Sailor Moon,^[65] from which they cut six episodes and merged two. Editors cut each of the remaining episodes by several minutes to make room for more commercials, to censor plot points or visuals deemed inappropriate for children, and to allow the insertion of «educational» segments called «Sailor Says» at the end of each episode.

The English adaptations by Optimum Productions and Cloverway of Sailor Moon S and Sailor Moon SuperS (the third and fourth series) stayed relatively close to the original Japanese versions, without skipping or merging any episodes. Some controversial changes were made, however, such as the depiction of Sailors Uranus and Neptune as cousins rather than lesbian lovers.^[66]

Toei has never licensed the fifth and final series, Sailor Stars, for adaptation into English. As of May 2004, the rest of the metaseries has officially gone off the air in all English-speaking countries due to lapsed and unrenewed licenses.^[67]

The manga publisher Mixx (subsequently renamed Tokyopop) translated the Sailor Moon manga into English in 1997. The manga initially appeared syndicated in MixxZine but was later pulled out of that magazine and made into a separate monthly comic to finish the first through third arcs. At the same time, the fourth and fifth arcs began printing in a secondary magazine called «SMILE».^[68] After its initial publication, the entire series was reprinted in the smaller volume format known in the beginning as «Pocket Mixx» before Mixx became Tokyopop. In total, the series was collected into 11 «Sailor Moon» volumes, 4 «Sailor Moon SuperS» volumes, and 3 «Sailor Moon Stars» volumes. The volumes included extra stories that were not run with the monthly comics. Sailor Moon collects the first three arcs (the Dark Kingdom [Mixxzine 1-1 to 2-1 + Comic issues 1-7], Black Moon [8-19], and Infinity arcs [20-35]). Sailor Moon SuperS collects the Super S/Dream arc [Smile 1.1-2.6] and Sailor Moon Stars collects the Sailor Stars arc [Smile 2.7-3.10]. They feature all of the content from the original manga collections (though the names of characters introduced in the first two story arcs were changed to those used in the English anime), as well as the occasional new sketch and «thank you» commentary from the series’ creator.

The Tokyopop English-language manga went out of print on May 2, 2005 after the license expired.^[69][70]

Music

Numerous people wrote and composed music for the Sailor Moon metaseries, with frequent lyrical contributions by creator Naoko Takeuchi. Takanori Arisawa, who earned the «Golden Disk Grand Prize» from Columbia Records for his work on the first series soundtrack in 1993, composed and arranged all of the background musical scores, including the spinoffs, games, and movies. In 1998, 2000, and 2001 he won the JASRAC International Award for most international royalties, owing largely to the popularity of Sailor Moon music in other nations.^[71]

Most of the TV series used for an opening theme «Moonlight Densetsu» (ムーンライト伝説 Mūnraito Densetsu^?, lit. «Moonlight Legend»), composed by Tetsuya Komoro with lyrics by Kanako Oda. It was one of the series’ most popular songs. «Moonlight Densetsu» was performed by DALI as the opener for the first two anime series,^[72][73] and then by Moon Lips for the third and fourth.^[74][75] The final series, Sailor Stars, switched to using «Sailor Star Song» for its opening theme, written by Shōki Araki with lyrics by Naoko Takeuchi and performed by Kae Hanazawa.^[76] «Moonlight Densetsu» made its final appearance as the closing song for the very last episode, #200.^[49] «Moonlight Densetsu» has been covered and remixed many times by artists such as the punk supergroup Osaka Popstar and Kitade Nana.

The English-language dub of the anime series used the melody of «Moonlight Densetsu», but with very different lyrics and instrumentation. At the time, it was unusual for anime theme songs to be translated, and this was one of the first such themes to be redone in English since Star Blazers.^[77] The English theme has been described as «insane but catchy».^[78] The Japanese theme is a love song based on the relationship between Usagi and Mamoru («born on the same Earth»); its first verse, as it appears in the English subtitles, is as follows:^[79]

I’m sorry I’m not straightforward,

I can say it in my dreams

My thoughts are about to short circuit,

I want to see you right now

The English «Sailor Moon Theme» rather resembles a superhero anthem. Its first verse is written:^[80]

Fighting evil by moonlight,

Winning love by daylight,

Never running from a real fight,

She is the one named Sailor Moon

Both versions of the series also make use of insert themes, battle music, and image songs, with the original being much more prolific. Over 40 Japanese music albums were released for the anime alone, many of which were remixes of the previous albums in jazz style, music box, French, etc. In addition, 33 different CD singles were released, many of them centered around specific characters. The second most prolific country in terms of Sailor Moon music releases was Germany, which produced some fifteen albums and singles, including five by the pop band Super Moonies. In North America, only three albums were released. These numbers do not include the CDs from the Musicals, which were only released in Japan. At least one CD was released per musical, as well as various collections, such as Villain Collections or many songs sung by a single actor or actress. Various CDs were also released for the live action adaptation as well.

Moonlight Densetsu was released as a CD single in March 1992, and was an «explosive hit».^[81] «Moonlight Densetsu» won first place in the Song category in Animage’s 15th and 16th Anime Grand Prix.^[82][83] It came seventh in the 17th Grand Prix, and «Moon Revenge», from Sailor Moon R: The Movie, came eighth.^[84] «Rashiku Ikimasho», the second closing song for Supers, placed eighteenth in 1996.^[85] In 1997, «Sailor Star Song», the new opening theme for Sailor Stars, came eleventh, and «Moonlight Densetsu» came sixteenth.^[86]

Reception

The manga won the Kodansha Manga Award in 1993 for shōjo.^[87]

Originally planned to run for only six months, the Sailor Moon anime repeatedly continued due to its popularity, concluding only after a five-year run.^[88] In Japan, it aired every Saturday night in prime time,^[26][89] getting TV viewership ratings around 11-12% for most of the series run.^[26][90] Commentators detect in the anime adaptation of Sailor Moon «a more shonen tone,» appealing to a wider audience than the manga, which aimed squarely at teenage girls.^[91] Later episodes of the anime added nude transformation sequences for the male audience, to the annoyance of Takeuchi — in the edited English version these scenes were censored.^[92] The media franchise is one of the most successful Japan has ever had, reaching 1.5 billion dollars in merchandise sales during the first three years. Ten years after the series completion, the series has featured among the top thirty of TV Asahi’s Top 100 anime polls in 2005 and 2006.^[43][44] The anime series won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize in 1993.^[82] Sales of Sailor Moon’s fashion dolls overtook that of Licca-chan in the 1990s; Mattel suggested that this was due to the «fashion-action» blend of the Sailor Moon storyline. Doll accessories included both fashion items and the Senshi’s weapons.^[11]

Sailor Moon has also become popular internationally. Spain and France became the first countries outside of Japan to air Sailor Moon, beginning in December 1993.^[46] Other countries followed suit, including Australia, South Korea, the Philippines, Italy, Peru, Brazil, Sweden and Hong Kong, before North America picked up the franchise for adaptation.^[93] In 2001, the Sailor Moon manga was Tokyopop’s best selling property, outselling the next-best selling titles by at least a factor of 1.5.^[94]

Critics have commended the anime series for its portrayal of strong friendships,^[95] as well as for its large cast of «strikingly different» characters who have different dimensions and aspects to them as the story goes on,^[96] and an ability to appeal to a wide audience.^[97] Writer Nicolas Penedo attributes the success of Sailor Moon to its fusion of the shōjo manga genre of magical girls with the Super Sentai fighting teams.^[91] According to Martha Cornog and Timothy Perper, Sailor Moon became popular because of its «strongly-plotted action with fight scenes, rescues» and its «emphasis on feelings and relationships», including some «sexy romance» between Usagi and Mamoru.^[98] In contrast, others see Sailor Moon as campy^[19] and melodramatic. Criticism has singled out its use of formulaic plots, monsters of the day,^[99] and stock footage.^[100]

Drazen notes that Sailor Moon has two kinds of villains, the Monster of the Day and the «thinking, feeling humans». Although this is common in anime and manga, it is «almost unheard of in the West».^[21] Despite the series’ apparent popularity among Western anime fandom, the dubbed version of the series received poor ratings in the United States and did not do well in DVD sales in the United Kingdom.^[101] Anne Allison attributes the lack of popularity in the United States primarily to poor marketing (in the United States, the series was initially broadcast at times which did not suit the target audience — weekdays at 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 pm). Executives connected with Sailor Moon suggest that poor localization played a role.^[11] Helen McCarthy and Jonathan Clements go further, calling the dub «indifferent», and suggesting that Sailor Moon was put in «dead» timeslots due to local interests.^[102] The British distributor, MVM Films, has attributed the poor sales to the United Kingdom release being of the dub only, and that major retailers refused to support the show leading to the DVD release appealing to neither children nor older anime fans.^[101]

Both the manga editorial vid and the anime series were released in Mexico twice in a quite accurate translation in Imevisión (what is now TV Azteca), which also aired almost complete versions of Saint Seiya, Senki, Candy Candy, Remi, Nobody’s Girl, Card Captor Sakura and Detective Conan. With quite a success and in the U.S. censored version in the Cartoon Network that was very quickly taken off the air due to the lack of viewers being lackluster compared to the original version; due to sensitive or controversial topics a Catholic parents’ group exerted pressure to take it off the market, which partially succeeded — but after the whole series had been aired once from Sailor Moon to Sailor Stars and some of the movies.^[103]

Due to anti-Japanese sentiment, most of Japanese media other than animated ones was banned for many years in South Korea. A producer in KBS «did not even try to buy» Sailor Moon because he thought it would not pass the censorship laws, but as of May 1997, Sailor Moon was airing on KBS 2 without issues and was «enormously» popular.^[104]

In his 2007 book Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson gave the manga series 3 / 5 stars. He enjoyed the blending of shōnen and shōjo styles, stating that the combat scenes seemed heavily influenced by Saint Seiya, but shorter and less bloody, and noting that the manga itself appeared similar to Super Sentai television shows. While Thompson found the series fun and entertaining, the repetitive plot lines were a detriment to the title which the increasing quality of art could not make up for; even so, he still states that the series is «sweet, effective entertainment».^[9]

James Welker believes that Sailor Moon’s futuristic setting helps to make lesbianism «naturalized» and a peaceful existence. Yukari Fujimoto notes that although there are few «lesbian scenes» in Sailor Moon, it has become a popular subject for yuri parodic dojinshi. She attributes this to the source work’s «cheerful» tone, although she notes that «though they seem to be overflowing with lesbians, the position of heterosexuals is earnestly secured».^[105]

When comparing the manga and anime, Sylvian Durand first notes that the manga artwork is gorgeous, but that the storytelling is more compressed and erratic, and that the anime has more character development. Durand felt «the sense of tragedy is greater» in the manga’s telling of the «fall of the Silver Millennium», giving more detail on the origins of the Shitennou and on Usagi’s final battle with Beryl and Metalia. Durand feels that the anime leaves out information which makes the story easier to understand, but judges the anime more «coherent», with a better balance of comedy and tragedy, whereas the manga is «more tragic» and focused on Usagi and Mamoru’s romance.^[106]

Legacy

The anime has been cited as reinvigorating the magical girl genre by adding dynamic heroines and action-oriented plots. After its success, many similar titles immediately followed. Magic Knight Rayearth, Wedding Peach, Nurse Angel Ririka and Revolutionary Girl Utena all owe much of their basis to the popularity of Sailor Moon.^[107] Sailor Moon has been called «the biggest breakthrough» in English dubbed anime up until 1995, when it premiered on YTV,^[93] and «the pinnacle of little kid shojo anime».^[108] Matt Thorn notes that soon after Sailor Moon, shōjo manga began to be featured in book shops, as opposed to fandom-dominated comic shops.^[109] It is credited as the beginning of a wider movement of girls taking up shōjo manga.^{[9][110][111]} Gilles Poitras defines a «generation» of anime fans as those who were introduced to anime by Sailor Moon in the 1990s, noting that they were both much younger than the other fans and also mostly girls. Poitras credits Sailor Moon as laying the ground for other shōjo series such as Fushigi Yuugi, Vision of Escaflowne and Revolutionary Girl Utena.^[112]

Fred Patten credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a Super Sentai-like team of magical girls,^[2][3] and Paul Gravett credits the series with «revitalizing» the magical girl genre itself.^[4] The series is credited with changing the genre of magical girls—its heroine must use her powers to fight evil, not simply to have fun as previous magical girls had done.^[5]

In the West, people sometimes associated Sailor Moon with the feminist or Girl Power movements and with empowering its viewers,^[110] especially regarding the «credible, charismatic and independent» characterizations of the Sailor Senshi, which were «interpreted in France as an unambiguously feminist position.»^[91] As such, it has been compared with Barbie,^[113] Mighty Morphin Power Rangers,^[26][95] Buffy the Vampire Slayer,^{[114][115][116]} and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.^[117] Its characters have also been described as «catty stereotypes», with Sailor Moon’s character in particular being singled out as less-than-feminist because her favorite class is home economics and her least favorite is math, although Japanese audiences viewed her character as tomboyish. The series creator has said she based Usagi on herself, and is meant to reflect her reality.^[118]

In English-speaking countries, Sailor Moon developed a cult following amongst various anime fans and male university students,^[26] and Drazen considers that the Internet was a new medium that fans used to communicate and played a role in the popularity of Sailor Moon.^[114] Fans could use the Internet to communicate about the series, using it to organize campaigns to return Sailor Moon to U.S. broadcast, and to share information about episodes that had not yet aired.^[118] In 2004, one study suggested there were 3,335,000 sites about Sailor Moon, compared to 491,000 for Mickey Mouse.^[119] NEO magazine suggested that part of Sailor Moon’s allure was that fans communicated, via the Internet, about the differences between the dub and the original version.^[120] The Sailor Moon fandom was described in 1997 as being «small and dispersed».^[121] In a United States study, children paid rapt attention to the fighting scenes in Sailor Moon, although when questioned if Sailor Moon was «violent» only two would say yes, the other ten preferring to describe the episodes as «soft» or «cute».^[122]

International revival

As of 2004, Toei has control over the license to distribute Sailor Moon outside of Japan. On February 4, 2010, Toei began negotiations to re-license the entire series globally. If such a revival occurs, the international re-airing would start in Italy after a Japanese debut, then work its way around the world.^{[citation needed]} In February 2010 the show returned to Albania in its original form.^[123] As of March 1, 2010, a new remastered Sailor Moon has returned to Italian television. Toei has also stated if it is popular in Italy, an international revival will begin. However, it has yet to be announced if the English version will be re-licensed. It should be noted that the English version only consists of most of the 1st season as well as the entire 2nd, 3rd and 4th seasons (minus the SuperS TV special). Recently, Toei is offering 200 refurbished episodes of Sailor Moon at MIPTV.^[124] The anime is also scheduled to begin playing on TVB J2 channel in Hong Kong once more in August 2010.

In 2009 Funimation announced that it was considering an entire re-dub of the Sailor Moon series and asked people to take part in a survey on what their next project should be. The re-dub of the Sailor Moon series was included. The results of the survey have not been released to the public.^[125]

References

External links

• Official Sailormoon website (Japanese)
• Sailor Moon (anime) at Anime News Network’s Encyclopedia
• Sailor Moon (manga) at Anime News Network’s Encyclopedia
• Sailor Moon at the Open Directory Project
• Sailor Moon Wikia
• Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon at the Internet Movie Database

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