Как пишется слово хогвартс на английском

Not to be confused with Hogwort.

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Studio model of Hogwarts at Leavesden Studios
Universe	Wizarding World
First appearance	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997)
Most recent appearance	Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022)
In-universe information
Type	Selective school Secondary school Boarding school
Founded	c. 9th/10th century
Location	Scotland
Owner	Ministry of Magic
Purpose	Training for children with magical abilities[1]
Motto	Latin: Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus («Never Tickle a Sleeping Dragon»)[2]

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry () is a fictional Scottish boarding school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen, and is the primary setting for the first six books in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series and serves as a major setting in the Wizarding World universe.^[3]

History

Establishment

Founded in the 10th century by Godric Gryffindor, Rowena Ravenclaw, Helga Hufflepuff and Salazar Slytherin, Hogwarts was established in the Highlands of Scotland to educate young wizards and witches as well as to keep students safe from muggle persecution. Theory has it that Rowena Ravenclaw came up with the name of Hogwarts after dreaming of a warty hog that led her to a cliff by a lake.^[4] Since then, Hogwarts educated most wizarding children with residence in Great Britain and Ireland, keeping its location hidden from other wizarding schools and muggles.

Middle ages

About three hundred years after the school was founded, the Triwizard Tournament was established as an interscholastic competition among the three most prestigious magical schools in Europe: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons, and Durmstrang. The tournament continued for six centuries before being discontinued. An attempt was made in the 1994–1995 school year to revive the tournament, but the consequential death of Cedric Diggory resulted in its permanent discontinuation.^{[citation needed]}

Academics and traditions

Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from ages eleven to seventeen.^[3] Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about one thousand students at Hogwarts.^[5] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry’s year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harry’s year.^[6]

Admission

According to the novels, admission to Hogwarts is selective, in that children who show magical ability will automatically gain a place,^[7] and squibs cannot attend the school as students (though they can work there in other roles, as Argus Filch does).^[8] A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of magical children and writes their names into a large parchment book,^[1] but there is no admission test because «you are either magical or you are not.»^[7] Every year, a teacher checks this book and sends a letter to the children who are turning eleven. Acceptance or refusal of a place at Hogwarts must be posted by 31 July. The letter also contains a list of supplies like spell books, uniform, and other things that the student will need. The prospective student is expected to buy all the necessary materials, normally from shops in Diagon Alley, a concealed street near Charing Cross Road in London that can be found behind the wizarding pub, The Leaky Cauldron. Students who cannot afford their supplies can receive financial aid from the school, as happened with the young orphan Tom Riddle.

Letters to Muggle-born witches and wizards, who may not be aware of their powers and are unfamiliar with the concealed wizarding world, are delivered in person by a member of Hogwarts staff, who then explains to the parents or guardians about magical society, and reassures them regarding this news.^[HP7]

Though the school is in Great Britain, its catchment area is the wider British Isles, as Irish students can also attend.

Each student is allowed to bring an owl, a cat or a toad. Along with the acceptance letter, first-year students are sent a list of required equipment which includes a wand, subject books, a standard size 2 pewter cauldron, a set of brass scales, a set of glass or crystal phials, a kit of basic potion ingredients (for Potions), and a telescope (for Astronomy). The Hogwarts uniform consists of plain work robes in black, a plain black hat, a pair of protective gloves, and a black winter cloak with silver fastenings. Each uniform must contain the wearer’s nametag. First years are not allowed a broomstick of their own, though an exception to this rule is made for Harry Potter in his first year after he demonstrates an excellent ability as a Seeker in Quidditch.

Arrival

The primary mode of transport to Hogwarts is the Hogwarts Express that students take at the start of each school year. Students board the train from the also fictional and hidden Platform 9¾ at King’s Cross station in London. The train arrives at Hogsmeade station near Hogwarts, some time after nightfall.

From there, first-year students are accompanied by the «Keeper of the Keys, Game and Grounds» (which was Hagrid during the first novel) to small boats, which magically sail across the lake and get them near the entrance of Hogwarts. The older students ride up to the castle in carriages pulled by creatures called Thestrals. When the first-year students initially arrive at the castle, they wait in a small chamber off the entrance hall until the older students have taken their seats, and then enter the Great Hall for the Sorting Ceremony to determine their House assignments. As Professor Minerva McGonagall said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, «The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your House will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your House, sleep in your House dormitory, and spend free time in your House common room.»
After the Sorting Hat sings a song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student’s head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song.^[9]

Houses

Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw and Helga Hufflepuff. Throughout the school year, the houses compete for the House Cup, gaining and losing points based on actions such as performance in class and rule violations. The house with the highest end-of-year total wins and has its colours displayed in the Great Hall for the following school year. Each house also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. These two competitions breed rivalries between the houses. Houses at Hogwarts are living and learning communities for their students. Each house is under the authority of one of the Hogwarts staff members. The Heads of the houses, as they are called, are in charge of giving their students important information, dealing with matters of severe punishment, and responding to emergencies in their houses, among other things. The dormitory and common room of a House are, barring rare exceptions, inaccessible to students belonging to other Houses; however, different houses will share classes as they are based on year group rather than House.

In the early days of Hogwarts, the four founders hand-picked students for their Houses. When the founders worried how students would be selected after their deaths, Godric Gryffindor took his hat off and they each added knowledge to it, allowing the Sorting Hat to choose the students by judging each student’s qualities and placing them in the most appropriate house. The student’s own choices may affect the decision: the clearest example is the Hat telling Harry that he would do well in Slytherin in the first book, but ultimately selecting Gryffindor after Harry asks it not to put him in Slytherin.

The translators of the books’ foreign editions had difficulty translating the «house» concept; in countries where this system does not exist, no word could adequately convey the importance of belonging to a house, the loyalty owed to it, and the pride taken in prizes won by the house.^[10]

Gryffindor

Gryffindor values courage, bravery, nerve, and chivalry. Gryffindor’s mascot is the lion, and its colours are scarlet red and gold (maroon and gold on the ties and scarves). During the books, the Head of this house is the Transfiguration Professor and Deputy Headmistress, Minerva McGonagall until she becomes headmistress, and the house ghost is Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, more commonly known as Nearly Headless Nick. According to Rowling, Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire.^[11] The founder of the house is Godric Gryffindor.

The Gryffindor common room is in one of the castle’s highest towers, and its entrance is on the seventh floor in the east wing of the castle and is guarded by a painting of The Fat Lady, who is garbed in a pink dress. She permits entry only after being given the correct password, as was established in the third book, when Sirius Black tried forcing entry into the tower, only to be blocked by The Fat Lady after he could not give the correct password. In the first book, Neville Longbottom tends to forget the password and must wait near the painting until other Gryffindors arrive to open the way.^[12]

Hufflepuff

Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. The house mascot is the badger, and canary yellow and black (or golden yellow and graphite in the Fantastic Beasts films) are its colours. During the books, the Head of this house is the Herbology Professor Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is the Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth.^[11] The founder of this house is Helga Hufflepuff.

The entrance to the Hufflepuff dormitories and common room entrance is concealed in a pile of large barrels in an alcove in the corridor that holds the kitchen. To enter, one must tap the barrel two from the bottom in the middle of the second row in the rhythm of «Helga Hufflepuff». Unlike any other house, the Hufflepuff common room has a repelling device that douses the illegal entrant in vinegar if the wrong lid is tapped or the rhythm is wrong.^[13] The Hufflepuff common room is filled with yellow hangings and fat armchairs and it has little tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops.^[14]

Ravenclaw

Ravenclaw values intelligence, learning, wisdom and wit.^[HP5][HP7] The house mascot is an eagle and the house colours are blue and bronze (blue and silver in the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts films and on the ties and scarves). During the books, the head of this house is the Charms teacher, Professor Filius Flitwick, and the house ghost is the Grey Lady. According to Rowling, Ravenclaw corresponds roughly to the element of air.^[11] The founder of this house is Rowena Ravenclaw.

The dormitories are in Ravenclaw Tower, on the west side of Hogwarts. The common room is round and filled with blue hangings and armchairs, has a domed ceiling painted with stars and features a replica statue of Rowena wearing her diadem. Harry also notes that Ravenclaws «have a spectacular view of the surrounding mountains». A logical riddle must be solved to gain entry, whereas the Gryffindor and Slytherin common rooms only require a password. Professor McGonagall, the head of the Gryffindor House, solves the riddle accurately.

Slytherin

Slytherin values ambition, cunning, leadership, and resourcefulness; the Sorting Hat said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone that Slytherins will do anything to get their way. The house mascot of Slytherin is the serpent, and the house colours are green and silver. Throughout the series, until the seventh book, the Head of House is Professor Severus Snape. Then, the previous Head of House Professor Horace Slughorn comes out of retirement, re-assuming authority after Snape becomes headmaster. The ghost of Slytherin house is Bloody Baron.^[15] According to Rowling, Slytherin corresponds roughly to the element of water.^[11] The founder of this house is Salazar Slytherin.

The Slytherin dormitories and common room are reached by speaking a password to a patch of bare stone wall in the dungeons, which causes a hidden door to open. The Slytherin common room is a long, low, dungeon-style room, under the Hogwarts Lake, furnished with green lamps and carved armchairs. The room is described in the second book as having a greenish glow.

The Sorting Hat claims that blood purity is a factor in selecting Slytherins, although this is not mentioned until the fifth book. There is no reason to believe, however, that Muggle-born students are not sorted there, merely that pure-blooded students are more desirable to that house, as there are several examples of half-bloods in the house – such as Snape and Tom Riddle/Voldemort – and Harry himself was only excluded from the house at his own insistence. In Deathly Hallows, a group of Snatchers claim that «not many Mudbloods» are sorted into Slytherin.

When believing Harry to be dead and thinking that he has final victory in his grasp, Voldemort proclaims his intention to abolish the other three houses and force all Hogwarts students into Slytherin. This design is foiled by his defeat and death, after which Slytherin becomes more diluted in its blood purity, no longer remaining the pure-blood bastion it once was.

Subjects and teachers

Being a school of magic, many subjects at Hogwarts differ from the studies of a typical school. Some subjects, such as History of Magic, derive from non-wizard – or muggle – subjects, but many others, such as charms and apparition classes, are unique to the wizarding world.
There are twelve named teachers (referred to as Professors), each specialising in a single subject. All professors are overseen by a school head and deputy head. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects for the first five years, as well as flying lessons. At the end of their second year, students are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. The five choices are Arithmancy, Muggle Studies, Divination, Study of Ancient Runes and Care of Magical Creatures. According to J.K. Rowling, «very specialised subjects such as alchemy are sometimes offered in the final two years, if there is sufficient demand.»^[16]

At the end of their fifth year, students take the Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) examinations for all subjects in which they are enrolled.^{[citation needed]} Each examination consists of a written knowledge test and, where applicable, a practical demonstration of skills before a panel of proctors from the Ministry of Magic. Students who achieve a high enough O.W.L. grade in a particular subject may take its advanced course for the final two years, in preparation for the Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests (N.E.W.T.) given at the end of the seventh year.

Daily life

The day begins at Hogwarts with breakfast in the Great Hall. Students sit at their own House table and can eat and socialise, or finish homework. The Headmaster or Headmistress eats with the professors at the High Table placed at the far end of the hall. During breakfast, owls bring in the students’ post, generally consisting of The Daily Prophet, letters from parents or friends, or packages from home. A bell signals the start of the first class of the morning at 9 am.

There are two long morning classes with a short break in between them for students to get to their next class. After lunch, classes resume at 1 pm, and there is a break around afternoon teatime before another class period. The classes are about one hour in length, with occasional double periods lasting two hours. Classes end around five o’clock. First-year students get Friday afternoons off, while sixth- and seventh-year students have several free periods during the week. In the evening, students eat their dinner in the Great Hall, after which they are expected to be in their common rooms. Astronomy classes take place late at night in the Astronomy Tower.

The four House dormitories have secret entrances, generally known only to members of that house and require a password (Gryffindor & Slytherin), riddle answer (Ravenclaw) or ritual (Hufflepuff) in order to gain entrance. Inside is the common room, which contains armchairs and sofas for the pupils and tables for studying and homework. There are fireplaces to keep the rooms warm, and students either relax here in the evenings or else complete their homework, but may complete their work in the bedroom. There are notice boards in each common room and at other strategic points throughout the school. The students sleep in their House dormitories, which branch off from the common rooms. Each dormitory gets at least two rooms; one for boys and one for girls (an enchantment prevents boys from entering the girls’ area, although there is no spell to prevent the reverse from occurring). Each student sleeps in a large four-poster bed with bed covers and heavy curtains in the House colours, and thick white pillows. There is a bedside table for each bed, and each dormitory has a jug of water and goblets on a tray.

On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. There appears to be a good relationship between the school and the village, and the students get on well with the locals. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko’s Joke Shop, clothing stores such as Gladrags Wizardwear, the Shrieking Shack (regarded as the most haunted building in Britain), the pubs The Three Broomsticks and The Hog’s Head, and Madam Puddifoot’s coffee shop.

Food

The house-elves at Hogwarts amongst other duties provide all food to students and staff. They cook a wide variety of dishes especially at the feasts. The various dishes are prepared in the kitchens directly below the Great Hall. Within the kitchen are four long tables directly aligned with the house tables in the great hall above. At meal times the food is magically transported up, appearing directly in front of the students.^[17]

Discipline

Apart from losing points from a house, serious misdeeds at Hogwarts are punishable by detention. Whenever a student loses a house point, their house jewels (ruby for Gryffindors, emeralds for Slytherin, sapphires for Ravenclaw, and diamonds for Hufflepuff) are taken away from a glass hourglass located in every classroom. The same goes for adding points to the specific house, although the teacher or prefect must conjure the gems from thin air.

According to the school caretaker, Argus Filch, detention meant subjection to various forms of corporal punishment until recently. Arthur Weasley claimed still to bear physical scars inflicted by Apollyon Pringle, Filch’s predecessor. In present times, however, detention usually involves assisting staff or faculty with tedious tasks. Examples of detention include the one imposed on Harry by Umbridge in Order of the Phoenix. In this case, Harry was forced to write, «I must not tell lies» repeatedly using a magical quill which then carves what is written into the back of the writer’s hand. However, most teachers at the school never use this cruel punishment. In another case, when Snape caught Harry using the Sectumsempra curse on Draco, he was forced to go through over a thousand boxes of files describing wrongdoers at Hogwarts and their punishments. Harry was supposed to order them in alphabetical order, and rewrite the cards whose words were hard to see or otherwise damaged. The Weasley twins Fred and George had a whole drawer of these cards.

For even more serious offences, students may be suspended or even expelled from Hogwarts. Harry and Ron are threatened with expulsion after crashing Ron’s car into the Whomping Willow at the start of their second year, and Harry is expelled before the start of his fifth year (although the sentence is quickly changed to a disciplinary hearing) after he is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. Dumbledore argued in Harry’s defence, stating that it was done in self-defence, and that the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry’s father, James Potter, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have been expelled is Hagrid, for the murder of Myrtle with an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin and for opening the Chamber of Secrets – crimes for which Tom Riddle had framed him.

Professors seem to be able to punish students with relative impunity and can hand out detention, even for unsatisfactory grades. Enforcement of rules outside of class mainly falls to the caretaker, with the assistance of the prefects. A student’s Head of House usually has the final say in disciplinary matters. However, during Umbridge’s tenure at Hogwarts, she quickly obtains the power to have the final say in disciplinary actions, due to an Educational Decree (one of many) passed by Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge.

In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them privileges and responsibilities and disciplinary responsibilities. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. Prefects have the authority to give detentions for infractions.

Castle and grounds

J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:

A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys’ house, it isn’t a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic.^[1]

In the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland^[18] (the film Prisoner of Azkaban says that Dufftown is near). The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for a Muggle to locate it. Muggles cannot see the school; rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger.^[GF Ch.11] The castle’s setting is described as having extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch (called The Black Lake), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), several greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an owlery, which houses all the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. Some rooms in the school tend to «move around», and so do the stairs in the grand staircase.^[19] Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, whether only in certain areas or for the entire campus, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.^[GF Ch.28] Electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione indicates that due to the high levels of magic, «substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use» such as computers, radar and electricity «go haywire» around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity but by magic.

Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid. The giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake. The castle and its grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places.

Hiding place of the Philosopher’s Stone

Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.

• A giant three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Hagrid.
• Devil’s Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
• A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. However, in the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
• A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by McGonagall. To continue to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards’ chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron and Professor Quirrell are the only wizards to win the game of wizards’ chess.
• A room with a large troll inside. This is Quirrell’s challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the trio did not have to fight it; in the film, it does not appear, but it appears in the PS1 and Game Boy Color version of the game.
• A series of potions, brewed by Snape. A logical riddle, not magic, has to be solved. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he or she arrived, another will allow him or her to continue to the next chamber, two are nettle wine, and the other three are poison. This challenge does not appear in the film, but does in the video game adaptation.
• The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher’s Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.

Chamber of Secrets

The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the school (most likely under the lake),^[20] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, built the Chamber before he left the school.

The entrance to the Chamber is hidden in the second-floor girls’ lavatory (haunted by Moaning Myrtle). One of the sink taps has a snake scratched into its side; when a command in Parseltongue is spoken, it opens to reveal the mouth of a dark, slimy chute, wide enough to slide down, that gives onto a stone tunnel. There are many skeletons of small animals littering the floor and even a gigantic skin shed by the Basilisk. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.^[20] At a command in Parseltongue, the wall opens to expose a long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two rows of towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Riddle, summoned it.^[21]
In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year-old Tom Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts and also slays the basilisk. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux.
In Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin’s locket. They pull a basilisk fang from its skeleton to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff’s cup.

When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk’s gaze and decided to become a ghost to get revenge on Hornby.^[20] The bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle’s disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught.

The film’s depiction of the Chamber has snake heads in place of the pillars and Slytherin’s statue is only his head. Rowling reveals in the book Harry Potter Page to Screen; The Complete Filmmaking Journey that the Chamber has flooded since its creation under unknown circumstances.

As shown in Deathly Hallows, the Chamber of Secrets does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Passages

There are usually seven secret passages in and out of the school, and in addition, the series describes the use of twin vanishing cabinets to create another. Filch knows of just four of these while the Marauders (James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Peter Pettigrew) and the Weasley twins know of all seven, though where some lead is unknown. The Room of Requirement may, on occasion, create an eighth passage out of the school. The only known instance of this occurring is a passage to the Hog’s Head that forms in Deathly Hallows. Due to the nature of the Room of Requirement, it is possible that several passages to different locations could be accessed from the Room. The three passages out of Hogwarts that Filch does not know about are:

• A passage beneath the Whomping Willow, leading to the Shrieking Shack.
• A passage behind a mirror on the fourth floor, which is caved in. It leads to Hogsmeade, but it is not known exactly where.
• A passage beneath the one-eyed witch statue by the stairs to the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, leading to the cellar of Honeydukes. Speaking aloud the word ‘Dissendium’ to the witch allows access to this passage; the hump on the statue then opens and reveals the hidden passageway.

A further link between two vanishing cabinets, one in the school and the other in Borgin and Burkes in Knockturn Alley presumably works until Chamber of Secrets when Peeves (persuaded by Nearly Headless Nick) smashes the Hogwarts cabinet. The passage is reopened in Half-Blood Prince when Draco Malfoy fixes the cabinet. This passage is not shown on the Marauder’s Map as it is not part of the castle itself.

Besides passages in and out of the school, there are also numerous short-cuts that lead from one part of the castle to another. These are often concealed in such fashions as a tapestry which hides a hole in the wall.

Room of Requirement

On the seventh floor opposite an enormous tapestry depicting Barnabas the Barmy attempting to train trolls for the ballet, the Room of Requirement appears only when someone is in need of it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves, it is also known as the Come and Go Room.

Dumbledore is the first to mention the room, noting that he discovered it at five-thirty in the morning, filled with chamber pots when he was trying to find a toilet. However, Dumbledore did not appear to know the Room’s secrets. Dobby later told Harry of the Room in detail and admitted to frequently bringing Winky to the room to cure her bouts of Butterbeer-induced drunkenness, finding it full of antidotes and a «nice elf-sized bed.» Filch was said to find cleaning supplies here when he had run out; when Fred and George needed a place to hide, it would appear as a broom cupboard. Trelawney also makes a habit of using it to hide her empty sherry bottles after she is sacked in Order of the Phoenix. It would seem that when one wishes to hide something it produces the same room for everyone: the Room of Hidden Things, which is full of many centuries worth of abandoned objects, such as broken furniture, books, and in one case a dead quintaped (for more information see Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them), which were presumably forgotten by their owners.

Harry learns of the room’s abilities from Dobby in Order of the Phoenix, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore’s Army meetings, during which it is filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practising defensive spells. When the D.A. is betrayed, the room is left open, and Pansy Parkinson is able to retrieve the list of members of the organisation. In Half-Blood Prince Harry uses the Room of Hidden Things to stash his copy of Advanced Potion-Making, describing it as the size of a large cathedral and packed to overflowing with items hidden by Hogwarts inhabitants over the years, such as old potions, clothing, ruined furniture, an old tiara (which happens to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes), or books which are «no doubt banned or graffitied or stolen.» He later realises that Draco has been using the room in this state to hide and repair the Vanishing Cabinet to use it to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts. Ironically, while Harry tries many times to get into the Room of Requirement to see what Draco is doing, the only time he succeeds to get into the room (and he is not thinking about Draco), he gains access to the room where Malfoy has been working.

In Deathly Hallows, the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors, use the room. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement’s current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore’s Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog’s Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, Ravenclaw’s diadem is found to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things by Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.

Due to the Room of Requirement not being in a fixed location, it is one of the select locations in Hogwarts that does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Forbidden Forest

The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark enchanted forest in the boundaries of the school grounds. It is usually referred to simply as «the Forest» and in the film series as the «Dark Forest». It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.

Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, yew and knotgrass and thorn undergrowth. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons, mostly makes these trails. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures, many of them dangerous.

In 2017, a Forbidden Forest expansion was added to the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter, enabling fans to explore it for the first time.^[22]

Hogwarts Express

The Hogwarts Express is a train that carries pupils non-stop from Platform 9+3⁄4 at King’s Cross station in London to Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts. Prefects of the school ride in a separate carriage near the front of the train. The compartments on the train appear to be lettered; in Half-Blood Prince, the «Slug Club» meets in compartment C.

The train began use in the 1850s. Before that, pupils used to reach Hogwarts on brooms or enchanted carriages.^[23]

The steam engine used in the film adaptations is the GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was not the first locomotive to be disguised as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking ‘too modern’ for the film. Filming locations for the Hogwarts Express sequences include Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Kings Cross railway station and the route of the Jacobite Express which follows the West Highland Line from Fort William to Mallaig in Scotland, as it crosses the Glenfinnan Viaduct.^[24]

Several model trains have been made of the Hogwarts Express. An 00 gauge is produced by Hornby, though this is of a Castle Class locomotive rather than the Hall Class used in the films. A three-rail H0 gauge model is produced by Märklin, and a two-rail H0/00 was produced in the early 2000s by Bachmann. Several now-discontinued L gauge models have been produced by LEGO. Lionel has released an O gauge set in their 2007 catalogue and a G gauge set for 2008.^[25][26]

A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter’s expansion at Universal Orlando Resort connecting King’s Cross Station at the Diagon Alley expansion in Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,^[27] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.^[28] The Hogwarts Express King’s Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can «walk through» to get to Platform 9+3⁄4, as in the first film.

• 

  Crowds of people around 5972 in York, which had worked an enthusiast special from Manchester in June 2014.

Creation for books and films

Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series,^[29] although the names «The Hogwarts» and «Hoggwart» appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How to Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans.^[30][31] The name «Hogwart» also appears in the 1986 Labyrinth fantasy film.^[32]

Most exterior scenes were shot on location at Alnwick Castle, but views of the exterior of the entire school were created from shots of Durham Cathedral with a digital spire added to the towers. Durham Cathedral also served as a set for Hogwarts interiors.

A scale model was created for exterior shots of the entire school. Models of Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral were also built to create more integration between the model and on location shots. It took a team of 86 artists and crew members 74 years worth of man hours to complete the model.^[33]

In popular culture

Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking, outranking Edinburgh’s Loretto School. According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings, it was added to the schools listing «for fun» and was then voted on.^[34]

In translation

Most translations keep the name ‘Hogwarts’, transcribing it if necessary. For example, in Arabic it is transcribed as هوغوورتس = Hūghwūrts, in Russian as Хогвартс = Khogvarts, in Japanese as ホグワーツ = Hoguwātsu, in Bengali as হগওয়ার্টস = Hogowarts, in Greek as Χόγκουαρτς = Hóguarts, and in simplified Chinese as 霍格沃茨 = Huògéwòcí.^[35]

However, some translations translate or otherwise adapt the name: French Poudlard (lard = «bacon»),^[35] Latvian Cūkkārpas shortened from cūka = «pig» + kārpas = «warts», Dutch Zweinstein modified from zwijnsteen = «pig rock»,^[35] Norwegian Bokmål Galtvort (galt = boar, vort = wart) (Nynorsk keeps «Hogwarts«), Finnish Tylypahka (pahka = «wart»), Hungarian Roxfort (playing with the name of Oxford in tribute to Harry Potter’s home country),^[35] Slovenian Bradavičarka (bradavice = «warts»)), Czech Bradavice means simply «warts».^[35] The Ancient Greek translation of the school is «Ὑογοήτου Παιδευτήριον τὸ τῆς Γοητείας καὶ Μαγείας», loosely translating to «Hogwizard’s School of Wizardry and Magic», Ὑογοήτου replacing «Hogwarts» and derived from the ancient Greek words ὑo- (hog) and γοητής (wizard).

See also

• Albus Dumbledore
• Loch Shiel

References

External links

• Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• Hogwarts Castle on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• The Harry Potter Lexicon’s Hogwarts Atlas featuring numerous images of Hogwarts. hplex.info.
• The Marauder’s Map from the Warner Bros website, harrypotter.warnerbros.co.uk

Not to be confused with Hogwort.

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Studio model of Hogwarts at Leavesden Studios
Universe	Wizarding World
First appearance	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997)
Most recent appearance	Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022)
In-universe information
Type	Selective school Secondary school Boarding school
Founded	c. 9th/10th century
Location	Scotland
Owner	Ministry of Magic
Purpose	Training for children with magical abilities[1]
Motto	Latin: Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus («Never Tickle a Sleeping Dragon»)[2]

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry () is a fictional Scottish boarding school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen, and is the primary setting for the first six books in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series and serves as a major setting in the Wizarding World universe.^[3]

History

Establishment

Founded in the 10th century by Godric Gryffindor, Rowena Ravenclaw, Helga Hufflepuff and Salazar Slytherin, Hogwarts was established in the Highlands of Scotland to educate young wizards and witches as well as to keep students safe from muggle persecution. Theory has it that Rowena Ravenclaw came up with the name of Hogwarts after dreaming of a warty hog that led her to a cliff by a lake.^[4] Since then, Hogwarts educated most wizarding children with residence in Great Britain and Ireland, keeping its location hidden from other wizarding schools and muggles.

Middle ages

About three hundred years after the school was founded, the Triwizard Tournament was established as an interscholastic competition among the three most prestigious magical schools in Europe: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons, and Durmstrang. The tournament continued for six centuries before being discontinued. An attempt was made in the 1994–1995 school year to revive the tournament, but the consequential death of Cedric Diggory resulted in its permanent discontinuation.^{[citation needed]}

Academics and traditions

Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from ages eleven to seventeen.^[3] Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about one thousand students at Hogwarts.^[5] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry’s year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harry’s year.^[6]

Admission

According to the novels, admission to Hogwarts is selective, in that children who show magical ability will automatically gain a place,^[7] and squibs cannot attend the school as students (though they can work there in other roles, as Argus Filch does).^[8] A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of magical children and writes their names into a large parchment book,^[1] but there is no admission test because «you are either magical or you are not.»^[7] Every year, a teacher checks this book and sends a letter to the children who are turning eleven. Acceptance or refusal of a place at Hogwarts must be posted by 31 July. The letter also contains a list of supplies like spell books, uniform, and other things that the student will need. The prospective student is expected to buy all the necessary materials, normally from shops in Diagon Alley, a concealed street near Charing Cross Road in London that can be found behind the wizarding pub, The Leaky Cauldron. Students who cannot afford their supplies can receive financial aid from the school, as happened with the young orphan Tom Riddle.

Letters to Muggle-born witches and wizards, who may not be aware of their powers and are unfamiliar with the concealed wizarding world, are delivered in person by a member of Hogwarts staff, who then explains to the parents or guardians about magical society, and reassures them regarding this news.^[HP7]

Though the school is in Great Britain, its catchment area is the wider British Isles, as Irish students can also attend.

Each student is allowed to bring an owl, a cat or a toad. Along with the acceptance letter, first-year students are sent a list of required equipment which includes a wand, subject books, a standard size 2 pewter cauldron, a set of brass scales, a set of glass or crystal phials, a kit of basic potion ingredients (for Potions), and a telescope (for Astronomy). The Hogwarts uniform consists of plain work robes in black, a plain black hat, a pair of protective gloves, and a black winter cloak with silver fastenings. Each uniform must contain the wearer’s nametag. First years are not allowed a broomstick of their own, though an exception to this rule is made for Harry Potter in his first year after he demonstrates an excellent ability as a Seeker in Quidditch.

Arrival

The primary mode of transport to Hogwarts is the Hogwarts Express that students take at the start of each school year. Students board the train from the also fictional and hidden Platform 9¾ at King’s Cross station in London. The train arrives at Hogsmeade station near Hogwarts, some time after nightfall.

From there, first-year students are accompanied by the «Keeper of the Keys, Game and Grounds» (which was Hagrid during the first novel) to small boats, which magically sail across the lake and get them near the entrance of Hogwarts. The older students ride up to the castle in carriages pulled by creatures called Thestrals. When the first-year students initially arrive at the castle, they wait in a small chamber off the entrance hall until the older students have taken their seats, and then enter the Great Hall for the Sorting Ceremony to determine their House assignments. As Professor Minerva McGonagall said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, «The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your House will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your House, sleep in your House dormitory, and spend free time in your House common room.»
After the Sorting Hat sings a song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student’s head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song.^[9]

Houses

Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw and Helga Hufflepuff. Throughout the school year, the houses compete for the House Cup, gaining and losing points based on actions such as performance in class and rule violations. The house with the highest end-of-year total wins and has its colours displayed in the Great Hall for the following school year. Each house also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. These two competitions breed rivalries between the houses. Houses at Hogwarts are living and learning communities for their students. Each house is under the authority of one of the Hogwarts staff members. The Heads of the houses, as they are called, are in charge of giving their students important information, dealing with matters of severe punishment, and responding to emergencies in their houses, among other things. The dormitory and common room of a House are, barring rare exceptions, inaccessible to students belonging to other Houses; however, different houses will share classes as they are based on year group rather than House.

In the early days of Hogwarts, the four founders hand-picked students for their Houses. When the founders worried how students would be selected after their deaths, Godric Gryffindor took his hat off and they each added knowledge to it, allowing the Sorting Hat to choose the students by judging each student’s qualities and placing them in the most appropriate house. The student’s own choices may affect the decision: the clearest example is the Hat telling Harry that he would do well in Slytherin in the first book, but ultimately selecting Gryffindor after Harry asks it not to put him in Slytherin.

The translators of the books’ foreign editions had difficulty translating the «house» concept; in countries where this system does not exist, no word could adequately convey the importance of belonging to a house, the loyalty owed to it, and the pride taken in prizes won by the house.^[10]

Gryffindor

Gryffindor values courage, bravery, nerve, and chivalry. Gryffindor’s mascot is the lion, and its colours are scarlet red and gold (maroon and gold on the ties and scarves). During the books, the Head of this house is the Transfiguration Professor and Deputy Headmistress, Minerva McGonagall until she becomes headmistress, and the house ghost is Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, more commonly known as Nearly Headless Nick. According to Rowling, Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire.^[11] The founder of the house is Godric Gryffindor.

The Gryffindor common room is in one of the castle’s highest towers, and its entrance is on the seventh floor in the east wing of the castle and is guarded by a painting of The Fat Lady, who is garbed in a pink dress. She permits entry only after being given the correct password, as was established in the third book, when Sirius Black tried forcing entry into the tower, only to be blocked by The Fat Lady after he could not give the correct password. In the first book, Neville Longbottom tends to forget the password and must wait near the painting until other Gryffindors arrive to open the way.^[12]

Hufflepuff

Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. The house mascot is the badger, and canary yellow and black (or golden yellow and graphite in the Fantastic Beasts films) are its colours. During the books, the Head of this house is the Herbology Professor Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is the Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth.^[11] The founder of this house is Helga Hufflepuff.

The entrance to the Hufflepuff dormitories and common room entrance is concealed in a pile of large barrels in an alcove in the corridor that holds the kitchen. To enter, one must tap the barrel two from the bottom in the middle of the second row in the rhythm of «Helga Hufflepuff». Unlike any other house, the Hufflepuff common room has a repelling device that douses the illegal entrant in vinegar if the wrong lid is tapped or the rhythm is wrong.^[13] The Hufflepuff common room is filled with yellow hangings and fat armchairs and it has little tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops.^[14]

Ravenclaw

Ravenclaw values intelligence, learning, wisdom and wit.^[HP5][HP7] The house mascot is an eagle and the house colours are blue and bronze (blue and silver in the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts films and on the ties and scarves). During the books, the head of this house is the Charms teacher, Professor Filius Flitwick, and the house ghost is the Grey Lady. According to Rowling, Ravenclaw corresponds roughly to the element of air.^[11] The founder of this house is Rowena Ravenclaw.

The dormitories are in Ravenclaw Tower, on the west side of Hogwarts. The common room is round and filled with blue hangings and armchairs, has a domed ceiling painted with stars and features a replica statue of Rowena wearing her diadem. Harry also notes that Ravenclaws «have a spectacular view of the surrounding mountains». A logical riddle must be solved to gain entry, whereas the Gryffindor and Slytherin common rooms only require a password. Professor McGonagall, the head of the Gryffindor House, solves the riddle accurately.

Slytherin

Slytherin values ambition, cunning, leadership, and resourcefulness; the Sorting Hat said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone that Slytherins will do anything to get their way. The house mascot of Slytherin is the serpent, and the house colours are green and silver. Throughout the series, until the seventh book, the Head of House is Professor Severus Snape. Then, the previous Head of House Professor Horace Slughorn comes out of retirement, re-assuming authority after Snape becomes headmaster. The ghost of Slytherin house is Bloody Baron.^[15] According to Rowling, Slytherin corresponds roughly to the element of water.^[11] The founder of this house is Salazar Slytherin.

The Slytherin dormitories and common room are reached by speaking a password to a patch of bare stone wall in the dungeons, which causes a hidden door to open. The Slytherin common room is a long, low, dungeon-style room, under the Hogwarts Lake, furnished with green lamps and carved armchairs. The room is described in the second book as having a greenish glow.

The Sorting Hat claims that blood purity is a factor in selecting Slytherins, although this is not mentioned until the fifth book. There is no reason to believe, however, that Muggle-born students are not sorted there, merely that pure-blooded students are more desirable to that house, as there are several examples of half-bloods in the house – such as Snape and Tom Riddle/Voldemort – and Harry himself was only excluded from the house at his own insistence. In Deathly Hallows, a group of Snatchers claim that «not many Mudbloods» are sorted into Slytherin.

When believing Harry to be dead and thinking that he has final victory in his grasp, Voldemort proclaims his intention to abolish the other three houses and force all Hogwarts students into Slytherin. This design is foiled by his defeat and death, after which Slytherin becomes more diluted in its blood purity, no longer remaining the pure-blood bastion it once was.

Subjects and teachers

Being a school of magic, many subjects at Hogwarts differ from the studies of a typical school. Some subjects, such as History of Magic, derive from non-wizard – or muggle – subjects, but many others, such as charms and apparition classes, are unique to the wizarding world.
There are twelve named teachers (referred to as Professors), each specialising in a single subject. All professors are overseen by a school head and deputy head. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects for the first five years, as well as flying lessons. At the end of their second year, students are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. The five choices are Arithmancy, Muggle Studies, Divination, Study of Ancient Runes and Care of Magical Creatures. According to J.K. Rowling, «very specialised subjects such as alchemy are sometimes offered in the final two years, if there is sufficient demand.»^[16]

At the end of their fifth year, students take the Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) examinations for all subjects in which they are enrolled.^{[citation needed]} Each examination consists of a written knowledge test and, where applicable, a practical demonstration of skills before a panel of proctors from the Ministry of Magic. Students who achieve a high enough O.W.L. grade in a particular subject may take its advanced course for the final two years, in preparation for the Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests (N.E.W.T.) given at the end of the seventh year.

Daily life

The day begins at Hogwarts with breakfast in the Great Hall. Students sit at their own House table and can eat and socialise, or finish homework. The Headmaster or Headmistress eats with the professors at the High Table placed at the far end of the hall. During breakfast, owls bring in the students’ post, generally consisting of The Daily Prophet, letters from parents or friends, or packages from home. A bell signals the start of the first class of the morning at 9 am.

There are two long morning classes with a short break in between them for students to get to their next class. After lunch, classes resume at 1 pm, and there is a break around afternoon teatime before another class period. The classes are about one hour in length, with occasional double periods lasting two hours. Classes end around five o’clock. First-year students get Friday afternoons off, while sixth- and seventh-year students have several free periods during the week. In the evening, students eat their dinner in the Great Hall, after which they are expected to be in their common rooms. Astronomy classes take place late at night in the Astronomy Tower.

The four House dormitories have secret entrances, generally known only to members of that house and require a password (Gryffindor & Slytherin), riddle answer (Ravenclaw) or ritual (Hufflepuff) in order to gain entrance. Inside is the common room, which contains armchairs and sofas for the pupils and tables for studying and homework. There are fireplaces to keep the rooms warm, and students either relax here in the evenings or else complete their homework, but may complete their work in the bedroom. There are notice boards in each common room and at other strategic points throughout the school. The students sleep in their House dormitories, which branch off from the common rooms. Each dormitory gets at least two rooms; one for boys and one for girls (an enchantment prevents boys from entering the girls’ area, although there is no spell to prevent the reverse from occurring). Each student sleeps in a large four-poster bed with bed covers and heavy curtains in the House colours, and thick white pillows. There is a bedside table for each bed, and each dormitory has a jug of water and goblets on a tray.

On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. There appears to be a good relationship between the school and the village, and the students get on well with the locals. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko’s Joke Shop, clothing stores such as Gladrags Wizardwear, the Shrieking Shack (regarded as the most haunted building in Britain), the pubs The Three Broomsticks and The Hog’s Head, and Madam Puddifoot’s coffee shop.

Food

The house-elves at Hogwarts amongst other duties provide all food to students and staff. They cook a wide variety of dishes especially at the feasts. The various dishes are prepared in the kitchens directly below the Great Hall. Within the kitchen are four long tables directly aligned with the house tables in the great hall above. At meal times the food is magically transported up, appearing directly in front of the students.^[17]

Discipline

Apart from losing points from a house, serious misdeeds at Hogwarts are punishable by detention. Whenever a student loses a house point, their house jewels (ruby for Gryffindors, emeralds for Slytherin, sapphires for Ravenclaw, and diamonds for Hufflepuff) are taken away from a glass hourglass located in every classroom. The same goes for adding points to the specific house, although the teacher or prefect must conjure the gems from thin air.

According to the school caretaker, Argus Filch, detention meant subjection to various forms of corporal punishment until recently. Arthur Weasley claimed still to bear physical scars inflicted by Apollyon Pringle, Filch’s predecessor. In present times, however, detention usually involves assisting staff or faculty with tedious tasks. Examples of detention include the one imposed on Harry by Umbridge in Order of the Phoenix. In this case, Harry was forced to write, «I must not tell lies» repeatedly using a magical quill which then carves what is written into the back of the writer’s hand. However, most teachers at the school never use this cruel punishment. In another case, when Snape caught Harry using the Sectumsempra curse on Draco, he was forced to go through over a thousand boxes of files describing wrongdoers at Hogwarts and their punishments. Harry was supposed to order them in alphabetical order, and rewrite the cards whose words were hard to see or otherwise damaged. The Weasley twins Fred and George had a whole drawer of these cards.

For even more serious offences, students may be suspended or even expelled from Hogwarts. Harry and Ron are threatened with expulsion after crashing Ron’s car into the Whomping Willow at the start of their second year, and Harry is expelled before the start of his fifth year (although the sentence is quickly changed to a disciplinary hearing) after he is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. Dumbledore argued in Harry’s defence, stating that it was done in self-defence, and that the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry’s father, James Potter, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have been expelled is Hagrid, for the murder of Myrtle with an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin and for opening the Chamber of Secrets – crimes for which Tom Riddle had framed him.

Professors seem to be able to punish students with relative impunity and can hand out detention, even for unsatisfactory grades. Enforcement of rules outside of class mainly falls to the caretaker, with the assistance of the prefects. A student’s Head of House usually has the final say in disciplinary matters. However, during Umbridge’s tenure at Hogwarts, she quickly obtains the power to have the final say in disciplinary actions, due to an Educational Decree (one of many) passed by Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge.

In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them privileges and responsibilities and disciplinary responsibilities. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. Prefects have the authority to give detentions for infractions.

Castle and grounds

J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:

A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys’ house, it isn’t a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic.^[1]

In the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland^[18] (the film Prisoner of Azkaban says that Dufftown is near). The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for a Muggle to locate it. Muggles cannot see the school; rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger.^[GF Ch.11] The castle’s setting is described as having extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch (called The Black Lake), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), several greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an owlery, which houses all the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. Some rooms in the school tend to «move around», and so do the stairs in the grand staircase.^[19] Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, whether only in certain areas or for the entire campus, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.^[GF Ch.28] Electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione indicates that due to the high levels of magic, «substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use» such as computers, radar and electricity «go haywire» around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity but by magic.

Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid. The giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake. The castle and its grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places.

Hiding place of the Philosopher’s Stone

Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.

• A giant three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Hagrid.
• Devil’s Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
• A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. However, in the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
• A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by McGonagall. To continue to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards’ chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron and Professor Quirrell are the only wizards to win the game of wizards’ chess.
• A room with a large troll inside. This is Quirrell’s challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the trio did not have to fight it; in the film, it does not appear, but it appears in the PS1 and Game Boy Color version of the game.
• A series of potions, brewed by Snape. A logical riddle, not magic, has to be solved. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he or she arrived, another will allow him or her to continue to the next chamber, two are nettle wine, and the other three are poison. This challenge does not appear in the film, but does in the video game adaptation.
• The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher’s Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.

Chamber of Secrets

The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the school (most likely under the lake),^[20] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, built the Chamber before he left the school.

The entrance to the Chamber is hidden in the second-floor girls’ lavatory (haunted by Moaning Myrtle). One of the sink taps has a snake scratched into its side; when a command in Parseltongue is spoken, it opens to reveal the mouth of a dark, slimy chute, wide enough to slide down, that gives onto a stone tunnel. There are many skeletons of small animals littering the floor and even a gigantic skin shed by the Basilisk. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.^[20] At a command in Parseltongue, the wall opens to expose a long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two rows of towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Riddle, summoned it.^[21]
In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year-old Tom Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts and also slays the basilisk. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux.
In Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin’s locket. They pull a basilisk fang from its skeleton to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff’s cup.

When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk’s gaze and decided to become a ghost to get revenge on Hornby.^[20] The bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle’s disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught.

The film’s depiction of the Chamber has snake heads in place of the pillars and Slytherin’s statue is only his head. Rowling reveals in the book Harry Potter Page to Screen; The Complete Filmmaking Journey that the Chamber has flooded since its creation under unknown circumstances.

As shown in Deathly Hallows, the Chamber of Secrets does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Passages

There are usually seven secret passages in and out of the school, and in addition, the series describes the use of twin vanishing cabinets to create another. Filch knows of just four of these while the Marauders (James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Peter Pettigrew) and the Weasley twins know of all seven, though where some lead is unknown. The Room of Requirement may, on occasion, create an eighth passage out of the school. The only known instance of this occurring is a passage to the Hog’s Head that forms in Deathly Hallows. Due to the nature of the Room of Requirement, it is possible that several passages to different locations could be accessed from the Room. The three passages out of Hogwarts that Filch does not know about are:

• A passage beneath the Whomping Willow, leading to the Shrieking Shack.
• A passage behind a mirror on the fourth floor, which is caved in. It leads to Hogsmeade, but it is not known exactly where.
• A passage beneath the one-eyed witch statue by the stairs to the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, leading to the cellar of Honeydukes. Speaking aloud the word ‘Dissendium’ to the witch allows access to this passage; the hump on the statue then opens and reveals the hidden passageway.

A further link between two vanishing cabinets, one in the school and the other in Borgin and Burkes in Knockturn Alley presumably works until Chamber of Secrets when Peeves (persuaded by Nearly Headless Nick) smashes the Hogwarts cabinet. The passage is reopened in Half-Blood Prince when Draco Malfoy fixes the cabinet. This passage is not shown on the Marauder’s Map as it is not part of the castle itself.

Besides passages in and out of the school, there are also numerous short-cuts that lead from one part of the castle to another. These are often concealed in such fashions as a tapestry which hides a hole in the wall.

Room of Requirement

On the seventh floor opposite an enormous tapestry depicting Barnabas the Barmy attempting to train trolls for the ballet, the Room of Requirement appears only when someone is in need of it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves, it is also known as the Come and Go Room.

Dumbledore is the first to mention the room, noting that he discovered it at five-thirty in the morning, filled with chamber pots when he was trying to find a toilet. However, Dumbledore did not appear to know the Room’s secrets. Dobby later told Harry of the Room in detail and admitted to frequently bringing Winky to the room to cure her bouts of Butterbeer-induced drunkenness, finding it full of antidotes and a «nice elf-sized bed.» Filch was said to find cleaning supplies here when he had run out; when Fred and George needed a place to hide, it would appear as a broom cupboard. Trelawney also makes a habit of using it to hide her empty sherry bottles after she is sacked in Order of the Phoenix. It would seem that when one wishes to hide something it produces the same room for everyone: the Room of Hidden Things, which is full of many centuries worth of abandoned objects, such as broken furniture, books, and in one case a dead quintaped (for more information see Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them), which were presumably forgotten by their owners.

Harry learns of the room’s abilities from Dobby in Order of the Phoenix, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore’s Army meetings, during which it is filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practising defensive spells. When the D.A. is betrayed, the room is left open, and Pansy Parkinson is able to retrieve the list of members of the organisation. In Half-Blood Prince Harry uses the Room of Hidden Things to stash his copy of Advanced Potion-Making, describing it as the size of a large cathedral and packed to overflowing with items hidden by Hogwarts inhabitants over the years, such as old potions, clothing, ruined furniture, an old tiara (which happens to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes), or books which are «no doubt banned or graffitied or stolen.» He later realises that Draco has been using the room in this state to hide and repair the Vanishing Cabinet to use it to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts. Ironically, while Harry tries many times to get into the Room of Requirement to see what Draco is doing, the only time he succeeds to get into the room (and he is not thinking about Draco), he gains access to the room where Malfoy has been working.

In Deathly Hallows, the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors, use the room. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement’s current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore’s Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog’s Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, Ravenclaw’s diadem is found to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things by Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.

Due to the Room of Requirement not being in a fixed location, it is one of the select locations in Hogwarts that does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Forbidden Forest

The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark enchanted forest in the boundaries of the school grounds. It is usually referred to simply as «the Forest» and in the film series as the «Dark Forest». It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.

Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, yew and knotgrass and thorn undergrowth. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons, mostly makes these trails. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures, many of them dangerous.

In 2017, a Forbidden Forest expansion was added to the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter, enabling fans to explore it for the first time.^[22]

Hogwarts Express

The Hogwarts Express is a train that carries pupils non-stop from Platform 9+3⁄4 at King’s Cross station in London to Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts. Prefects of the school ride in a separate carriage near the front of the train. The compartments on the train appear to be lettered; in Half-Blood Prince, the «Slug Club» meets in compartment C.

The train began use in the 1850s. Before that, pupils used to reach Hogwarts on brooms or enchanted carriages.^[23]

The steam engine used in the film adaptations is the GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was not the first locomotive to be disguised as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking ‘too modern’ for the film. Filming locations for the Hogwarts Express sequences include Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Kings Cross railway station and the route of the Jacobite Express which follows the West Highland Line from Fort William to Mallaig in Scotland, as it crosses the Glenfinnan Viaduct.^[24]

Several model trains have been made of the Hogwarts Express. An 00 gauge is produced by Hornby, though this is of a Castle Class locomotive rather than the Hall Class used in the films. A three-rail H0 gauge model is produced by Märklin, and a two-rail H0/00 was produced in the early 2000s by Bachmann. Several now-discontinued L gauge models have been produced by LEGO. Lionel has released an O gauge set in their 2007 catalogue and a G gauge set for 2008.^[25][26]

A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter’s expansion at Universal Orlando Resort connecting King’s Cross Station at the Diagon Alley expansion in Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,^[27] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.^[28] The Hogwarts Express King’s Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can «walk through» to get to Platform 9+3⁄4, as in the first film.

• 

  Crowds of people around 5972 in York, which had worked an enthusiast special from Manchester in June 2014.

Creation for books and films

Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series,^[29] although the names «The Hogwarts» and «Hoggwart» appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How to Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans.^[30][31] The name «Hogwart» also appears in the 1986 Labyrinth fantasy film.^[32]

Most exterior scenes were shot on location at Alnwick Castle, but views of the exterior of the entire school were created from shots of Durham Cathedral with a digital spire added to the towers. Durham Cathedral also served as a set for Hogwarts interiors.

A scale model was created for exterior shots of the entire school. Models of Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral were also built to create more integration between the model and on location shots. It took a team of 86 artists and crew members 74 years worth of man hours to complete the model.^[33]

In popular culture

Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking, outranking Edinburgh’s Loretto School. According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings, it was added to the schools listing «for fun» and was then voted on.^[34]

In translation

Most translations keep the name ‘Hogwarts’, transcribing it if necessary. For example, in Arabic it is transcribed as هوغوورتس = Hūghwūrts, in Russian as Хогвартс = Khogvarts, in Japanese as ホグワーツ = Hoguwātsu, in Bengali as হগওয়ার্টস = Hogowarts, in Greek as Χόγκουαρτς = Hóguarts, and in simplified Chinese as 霍格沃茨 = Huògéwòcí.^[35]

However, some translations translate or otherwise adapt the name: French Poudlard (lard = «bacon»),^[35] Latvian Cūkkārpas shortened from cūka = «pig» + kārpas = «warts», Dutch Zweinstein modified from zwijnsteen = «pig rock»,^[35] Norwegian Bokmål Galtvort (galt = boar, vort = wart) (Nynorsk keeps «Hogwarts«), Finnish Tylypahka (pahka = «wart»), Hungarian Roxfort (playing with the name of Oxford in tribute to Harry Potter’s home country),^[35] Slovenian Bradavičarka (bradavice = «warts»)), Czech Bradavice means simply «warts».^[35] The Ancient Greek translation of the school is «Ὑογοήτου Παιδευτήριον τὸ τῆς Γοητείας καὶ Μαγείας», loosely translating to «Hogwizard’s School of Wizardry and Magic», Ὑογοήτου replacing «Hogwarts» and derived from the ancient Greek words ὑo- (hog) and γοητής (wizard).

See also

• Albus Dumbledore
• Loch Shiel

References

External links

• Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• Hogwarts Castle on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• The Harry Potter Lexicon’s Hogwarts Atlas featuring numerous images of Hogwarts. hplex.info.
• The Marauder’s Map from the Warner Bros website, harrypotter.warnerbros.co.uk

Not to be confused with Hogwort.

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Studio model of Hogwarts at Leavesden Studios
Universe	Wizarding World
First appearance	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997)
Most recent appearance	Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022)
In-universe information
Type	Selective school Secondary school Boarding school
Founded	c. 9th/10th century
Location	Scotland
Owner	Ministry of Magic
Purpose	Training for children with magical abilities[1]
Motto	Latin: Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus («Never Tickle a Sleeping Dragon»)[2]

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry () is a fictional Scottish boarding school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen, and is the primary setting for the first six books in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series and serves as a major setting in the Wizarding World universe.^[3]

History

Establishment

Founded in the 10th century by Godric Gryffindor, Rowena Ravenclaw, Helga Hufflepuff and Salazar Slytherin, Hogwarts was established in the Highlands of Scotland to educate young wizards and witches as well as to keep students safe from muggle persecution. Theory has it that Rowena Ravenclaw came up with the name of Hogwarts after dreaming of a warty hog that led her to a cliff by a lake.^[4] Since then, Hogwarts educated most wizarding children with residence in Great Britain and Ireland, keeping its location hidden from other wizarding schools and muggles.

Middle ages

About three hundred years after the school was founded, the Triwizard Tournament was established as an interscholastic competition among the three most prestigious magical schools in Europe: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons, and Durmstrang. The tournament continued for six centuries before being discontinued. An attempt was made in the 1994–1995 school year to revive the tournament, but the consequential death of Cedric Diggory resulted in its permanent discontinuation.^{[citation needed]}

Academics and traditions

Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from ages eleven to seventeen.^[3] Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about one thousand students at Hogwarts.^[5] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry’s year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harry’s year.^[6]

Admission

According to the novels, admission to Hogwarts is selective, in that children who show magical ability will automatically gain a place,^[7] and squibs cannot attend the school as students (though they can work there in other roles, as Argus Filch does).^[8] A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of magical children and writes their names into a large parchment book,^[1] but there is no admission test because «you are either magical or you are not.»^[7] Every year, a teacher checks this book and sends a letter to the children who are turning eleven. Acceptance or refusal of a place at Hogwarts must be posted by 31 July. The letter also contains a list of supplies like spell books, uniform, and other things that the student will need. The prospective student is expected to buy all the necessary materials, normally from shops in Diagon Alley, a concealed street near Charing Cross Road in London that can be found behind the wizarding pub, The Leaky Cauldron. Students who cannot afford their supplies can receive financial aid from the school, as happened with the young orphan Tom Riddle.

Letters to Muggle-born witches and wizards, who may not be aware of their powers and are unfamiliar with the concealed wizarding world, are delivered in person by a member of Hogwarts staff, who then explains to the parents or guardians about magical society, and reassures them regarding this news.^[HP7]

Though the school is in Great Britain, its catchment area is the wider British Isles, as Irish students can also attend.

Each student is allowed to bring an owl, a cat or a toad. Along with the acceptance letter, first-year students are sent a list of required equipment which includes a wand, subject books, a standard size 2 pewter cauldron, a set of brass scales, a set of glass or crystal phials, a kit of basic potion ingredients (for Potions), and a telescope (for Astronomy). The Hogwarts uniform consists of plain work robes in black, a plain black hat, a pair of protective gloves, and a black winter cloak with silver fastenings. Each uniform must contain the wearer’s nametag. First years are not allowed a broomstick of their own, though an exception to this rule is made for Harry Potter in his first year after he demonstrates an excellent ability as a Seeker in Quidditch.

Arrival

The primary mode of transport to Hogwarts is the Hogwarts Express that students take at the start of each school year. Students board the train from the also fictional and hidden Platform 9¾ at King’s Cross station in London. The train arrives at Hogsmeade station near Hogwarts, some time after nightfall.

From there, first-year students are accompanied by the «Keeper of the Keys, Game and Grounds» (which was Hagrid during the first novel) to small boats, which magically sail across the lake and get them near the entrance of Hogwarts. The older students ride up to the castle in carriages pulled by creatures called Thestrals. When the first-year students initially arrive at the castle, they wait in a small chamber off the entrance hall until the older students have taken their seats, and then enter the Great Hall for the Sorting Ceremony to determine their House assignments. As Professor Minerva McGonagall said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, «The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your House will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your House, sleep in your House dormitory, and spend free time in your House common room.»
After the Sorting Hat sings a song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student’s head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song.^[9]

Houses

Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw and Helga Hufflepuff. Throughout the school year, the houses compete for the House Cup, gaining and losing points based on actions such as performance in class and rule violations. The house with the highest end-of-year total wins and has its colours displayed in the Great Hall for the following school year. Each house also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. These two competitions breed rivalries between the houses. Houses at Hogwarts are living and learning communities for their students. Each house is under the authority of one of the Hogwarts staff members. The Heads of the houses, as they are called, are in charge of giving their students important information, dealing with matters of severe punishment, and responding to emergencies in their houses, among other things. The dormitory and common room of a House are, barring rare exceptions, inaccessible to students belonging to other Houses; however, different houses will share classes as they are based on year group rather than House.

In the early days of Hogwarts, the four founders hand-picked students for their Houses. When the founders worried how students would be selected after their deaths, Godric Gryffindor took his hat off and they each added knowledge to it, allowing the Sorting Hat to choose the students by judging each student’s qualities and placing them in the most appropriate house. The student’s own choices may affect the decision: the clearest example is the Hat telling Harry that he would do well in Slytherin in the first book, but ultimately selecting Gryffindor after Harry asks it not to put him in Slytherin.

The translators of the books’ foreign editions had difficulty translating the «house» concept; in countries where this system does not exist, no word could adequately convey the importance of belonging to a house, the loyalty owed to it, and the pride taken in prizes won by the house.^[10]

Gryffindor

Gryffindor values courage, bravery, nerve, and chivalry. Gryffindor’s mascot is the lion, and its colours are scarlet red and gold (maroon and gold on the ties and scarves). During the books, the Head of this house is the Transfiguration Professor and Deputy Headmistress, Minerva McGonagall until she becomes headmistress, and the house ghost is Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, more commonly known as Nearly Headless Nick. According to Rowling, Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire.^[11] The founder of the house is Godric Gryffindor.

The Gryffindor common room is in one of the castle’s highest towers, and its entrance is on the seventh floor in the east wing of the castle and is guarded by a painting of The Fat Lady, who is garbed in a pink dress. She permits entry only after being given the correct password, as was established in the third book, when Sirius Black tried forcing entry into the tower, only to be blocked by The Fat Lady after he could not give the correct password. In the first book, Neville Longbottom tends to forget the password and must wait near the painting until other Gryffindors arrive to open the way.^[12]

Hufflepuff

Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. The house mascot is the badger, and canary yellow and black (or golden yellow and graphite in the Fantastic Beasts films) are its colours. During the books, the Head of this house is the Herbology Professor Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is the Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth.^[11] The founder of this house is Helga Hufflepuff.

The entrance to the Hufflepuff dormitories and common room entrance is concealed in a pile of large barrels in an alcove in the corridor that holds the kitchen. To enter, one must tap the barrel two from the bottom in the middle of the second row in the rhythm of «Helga Hufflepuff». Unlike any other house, the Hufflepuff common room has a repelling device that douses the illegal entrant in vinegar if the wrong lid is tapped or the rhythm is wrong.^[13] The Hufflepuff common room is filled with yellow hangings and fat armchairs and it has little tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops.^[14]

Ravenclaw

Ravenclaw values intelligence, learning, wisdom and wit.^[HP5][HP7] The house mascot is an eagle and the house colours are blue and bronze (blue and silver in the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts films and on the ties and scarves). During the books, the head of this house is the Charms teacher, Professor Filius Flitwick, and the house ghost is the Grey Lady. According to Rowling, Ravenclaw corresponds roughly to the element of air.^[11] The founder of this house is Rowena Ravenclaw.

The dormitories are in Ravenclaw Tower, on the west side of Hogwarts. The common room is round and filled with blue hangings and armchairs, has a domed ceiling painted with stars and features a replica statue of Rowena wearing her diadem. Harry also notes that Ravenclaws «have a spectacular view of the surrounding mountains». A logical riddle must be solved to gain entry, whereas the Gryffindor and Slytherin common rooms only require a password. Professor McGonagall, the head of the Gryffindor House, solves the riddle accurately.

Slytherin

Slytherin values ambition, cunning, leadership, and resourcefulness; the Sorting Hat said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone that Slytherins will do anything to get their way. The house mascot of Slytherin is the serpent, and the house colours are green and silver. Throughout the series, until the seventh book, the Head of House is Professor Severus Snape. Then, the previous Head of House Professor Horace Slughorn comes out of retirement, re-assuming authority after Snape becomes headmaster. The ghost of Slytherin house is Bloody Baron.^[15] According to Rowling, Slytherin corresponds roughly to the element of water.^[11] The founder of this house is Salazar Slytherin.

The Slytherin dormitories and common room are reached by speaking a password to a patch of bare stone wall in the dungeons, which causes a hidden door to open. The Slytherin common room is a long, low, dungeon-style room, under the Hogwarts Lake, furnished with green lamps and carved armchairs. The room is described in the second book as having a greenish glow.

The Sorting Hat claims that blood purity is a factor in selecting Slytherins, although this is not mentioned until the fifth book. There is no reason to believe, however, that Muggle-born students are not sorted there, merely that pure-blooded students are more desirable to that house, as there are several examples of half-bloods in the house – such as Snape and Tom Riddle/Voldemort – and Harry himself was only excluded from the house at his own insistence. In Deathly Hallows, a group of Snatchers claim that «not many Mudbloods» are sorted into Slytherin.

When believing Harry to be dead and thinking that he has final victory in his grasp, Voldemort proclaims his intention to abolish the other three houses and force all Hogwarts students into Slytherin. This design is foiled by his defeat and death, after which Slytherin becomes more diluted in its blood purity, no longer remaining the pure-blood bastion it once was.

Subjects and teachers

Being a school of magic, many subjects at Hogwarts differ from the studies of a typical school. Some subjects, such as History of Magic, derive from non-wizard – or muggle – subjects, but many others, such as charms and apparition classes, are unique to the wizarding world.
There are twelve named teachers (referred to as Professors), each specialising in a single subject. All professors are overseen by a school head and deputy head. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects for the first five years, as well as flying lessons. At the end of their second year, students are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. The five choices are Arithmancy, Muggle Studies, Divination, Study of Ancient Runes and Care of Magical Creatures. According to J.K. Rowling, «very specialised subjects such as alchemy are sometimes offered in the final two years, if there is sufficient demand.»^[16]

At the end of their fifth year, students take the Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) examinations for all subjects in which they are enrolled.^{[citation needed]} Each examination consists of a written knowledge test and, where applicable, a practical demonstration of skills before a panel of proctors from the Ministry of Magic. Students who achieve a high enough O.W.L. grade in a particular subject may take its advanced course for the final two years, in preparation for the Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests (N.E.W.T.) given at the end of the seventh year.

Daily life

The day begins at Hogwarts with breakfast in the Great Hall. Students sit at their own House table and can eat and socialise, or finish homework. The Headmaster or Headmistress eats with the professors at the High Table placed at the far end of the hall. During breakfast, owls bring in the students’ post, generally consisting of The Daily Prophet, letters from parents or friends, or packages from home. A bell signals the start of the first class of the morning at 9 am.

There are two long morning classes with a short break in between them for students to get to their next class. After lunch, classes resume at 1 pm, and there is a break around afternoon teatime before another class period. The classes are about one hour in length, with occasional double periods lasting two hours. Classes end around five o’clock. First-year students get Friday afternoons off, while sixth- and seventh-year students have several free periods during the week. In the evening, students eat their dinner in the Great Hall, after which they are expected to be in their common rooms. Astronomy classes take place late at night in the Astronomy Tower.

The four House dormitories have secret entrances, generally known only to members of that house and require a password (Gryffindor & Slytherin), riddle answer (Ravenclaw) or ritual (Hufflepuff) in order to gain entrance. Inside is the common room, which contains armchairs and sofas for the pupils and tables for studying and homework. There are fireplaces to keep the rooms warm, and students either relax here in the evenings or else complete their homework, but may complete their work in the bedroom. There are notice boards in each common room and at other strategic points throughout the school. The students sleep in their House dormitories, which branch off from the common rooms. Each dormitory gets at least two rooms; one for boys and one for girls (an enchantment prevents boys from entering the girls’ area, although there is no spell to prevent the reverse from occurring). Each student sleeps in a large four-poster bed with bed covers and heavy curtains in the House colours, and thick white pillows. There is a bedside table for each bed, and each dormitory has a jug of water and goblets on a tray.

On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. There appears to be a good relationship between the school and the village, and the students get on well with the locals. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko’s Joke Shop, clothing stores such as Gladrags Wizardwear, the Shrieking Shack (regarded as the most haunted building in Britain), the pubs The Three Broomsticks and The Hog’s Head, and Madam Puddifoot’s coffee shop.

Food

The house-elves at Hogwarts amongst other duties provide all food to students and staff. They cook a wide variety of dishes especially at the feasts. The various dishes are prepared in the kitchens directly below the Great Hall. Within the kitchen are four long tables directly aligned with the house tables in the great hall above. At meal times the food is magically transported up, appearing directly in front of the students.^[17]

Discipline

Apart from losing points from a house, serious misdeeds at Hogwarts are punishable by detention. Whenever a student loses a house point, their house jewels (ruby for Gryffindors, emeralds for Slytherin, sapphires for Ravenclaw, and diamonds for Hufflepuff) are taken away from a glass hourglass located in every classroom. The same goes for adding points to the specific house, although the teacher or prefect must conjure the gems from thin air.

According to the school caretaker, Argus Filch, detention meant subjection to various forms of corporal punishment until recently. Arthur Weasley claimed still to bear physical scars inflicted by Apollyon Pringle, Filch’s predecessor. In present times, however, detention usually involves assisting staff or faculty with tedious tasks. Examples of detention include the one imposed on Harry by Umbridge in Order of the Phoenix. In this case, Harry was forced to write, «I must not tell lies» repeatedly using a magical quill which then carves what is written into the back of the writer’s hand. However, most teachers at the school never use this cruel punishment. In another case, when Snape caught Harry using the Sectumsempra curse on Draco, he was forced to go through over a thousand boxes of files describing wrongdoers at Hogwarts and their punishments. Harry was supposed to order them in alphabetical order, and rewrite the cards whose words were hard to see or otherwise damaged. The Weasley twins Fred and George had a whole drawer of these cards.

For even more serious offences, students may be suspended or even expelled from Hogwarts. Harry and Ron are threatened with expulsion after crashing Ron’s car into the Whomping Willow at the start of their second year, and Harry is expelled before the start of his fifth year (although the sentence is quickly changed to a disciplinary hearing) after he is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. Dumbledore argued in Harry’s defence, stating that it was done in self-defence, and that the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry’s father, James Potter, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have been expelled is Hagrid, for the murder of Myrtle with an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin and for opening the Chamber of Secrets – crimes for which Tom Riddle had framed him.

Professors seem to be able to punish students with relative impunity and can hand out detention, even for unsatisfactory grades. Enforcement of rules outside of class mainly falls to the caretaker, with the assistance of the prefects. A student’s Head of House usually has the final say in disciplinary matters. However, during Umbridge’s tenure at Hogwarts, she quickly obtains the power to have the final say in disciplinary actions, due to an Educational Decree (one of many) passed by Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge.

In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them privileges and responsibilities and disciplinary responsibilities. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. Prefects have the authority to give detentions for infractions.

Castle and grounds

J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:

A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys’ house, it isn’t a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic.^[1]

In the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland^[18] (the film Prisoner of Azkaban says that Dufftown is near). The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for a Muggle to locate it. Muggles cannot see the school; rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger.^[GF Ch.11] The castle’s setting is described as having extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch (called The Black Lake), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), several greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an owlery, which houses all the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. Some rooms in the school tend to «move around», and so do the stairs in the grand staircase.^[19] Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, whether only in certain areas or for the entire campus, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.^[GF Ch.28] Electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione indicates that due to the high levels of magic, «substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use» such as computers, radar and electricity «go haywire» around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity but by magic.

Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid. The giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake. The castle and its grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places.

Hiding place of the Philosopher’s Stone

Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.

• A giant three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Hagrid.
• Devil’s Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
• A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. However, in the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
• A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by McGonagall. To continue to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards’ chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron and Professor Quirrell are the only wizards to win the game of wizards’ chess.
• A room with a large troll inside. This is Quirrell’s challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the trio did not have to fight it; in the film, it does not appear, but it appears in the PS1 and Game Boy Color version of the game.
• A series of potions, brewed by Snape. A logical riddle, not magic, has to be solved. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he or she arrived, another will allow him or her to continue to the next chamber, two are nettle wine, and the other three are poison. This challenge does not appear in the film, but does in the video game adaptation.
• The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher’s Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.

Chamber of Secrets

The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the school (most likely under the lake),^[20] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, built the Chamber before he left the school.

The entrance to the Chamber is hidden in the second-floor girls’ lavatory (haunted by Moaning Myrtle). One of the sink taps has a snake scratched into its side; when a command in Parseltongue is spoken, it opens to reveal the mouth of a dark, slimy chute, wide enough to slide down, that gives onto a stone tunnel. There are many skeletons of small animals littering the floor and even a gigantic skin shed by the Basilisk. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.^[20] At a command in Parseltongue, the wall opens to expose a long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two rows of towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Riddle, summoned it.^[21]
In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year-old Tom Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts and also slays the basilisk. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux.
In Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin’s locket. They pull a basilisk fang from its skeleton to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff’s cup.

When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk’s gaze and decided to become a ghost to get revenge on Hornby.^[20] The bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle’s disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught.

The film’s depiction of the Chamber has snake heads in place of the pillars and Slytherin’s statue is only his head. Rowling reveals in the book Harry Potter Page to Screen; The Complete Filmmaking Journey that the Chamber has flooded since its creation under unknown circumstances.

As shown in Deathly Hallows, the Chamber of Secrets does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Passages

There are usually seven secret passages in and out of the school, and in addition, the series describes the use of twin vanishing cabinets to create another. Filch knows of just four of these while the Marauders (James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Peter Pettigrew) and the Weasley twins know of all seven, though where some lead is unknown. The Room of Requirement may, on occasion, create an eighth passage out of the school. The only known instance of this occurring is a passage to the Hog’s Head that forms in Deathly Hallows. Due to the nature of the Room of Requirement, it is possible that several passages to different locations could be accessed from the Room. The three passages out of Hogwarts that Filch does not know about are:

• A passage beneath the Whomping Willow, leading to the Shrieking Shack.
• A passage behind a mirror on the fourth floor, which is caved in. It leads to Hogsmeade, but it is not known exactly where.
• A passage beneath the one-eyed witch statue by the stairs to the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, leading to the cellar of Honeydukes. Speaking aloud the word ‘Dissendium’ to the witch allows access to this passage; the hump on the statue then opens and reveals the hidden passageway.

A further link between two vanishing cabinets, one in the school and the other in Borgin and Burkes in Knockturn Alley presumably works until Chamber of Secrets when Peeves (persuaded by Nearly Headless Nick) smashes the Hogwarts cabinet. The passage is reopened in Half-Blood Prince when Draco Malfoy fixes the cabinet. This passage is not shown on the Marauder’s Map as it is not part of the castle itself.

Besides passages in and out of the school, there are also numerous short-cuts that lead from one part of the castle to another. These are often concealed in such fashions as a tapestry which hides a hole in the wall.

Room of Requirement

On the seventh floor opposite an enormous tapestry depicting Barnabas the Barmy attempting to train trolls for the ballet, the Room of Requirement appears only when someone is in need of it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves, it is also known as the Come and Go Room.

Dumbledore is the first to mention the room, noting that he discovered it at five-thirty in the morning, filled with chamber pots when he was trying to find a toilet. However, Dumbledore did not appear to know the Room’s secrets. Dobby later told Harry of the Room in detail and admitted to frequently bringing Winky to the room to cure her bouts of Butterbeer-induced drunkenness, finding it full of antidotes and a «nice elf-sized bed.» Filch was said to find cleaning supplies here when he had run out; when Fred and George needed a place to hide, it would appear as a broom cupboard. Trelawney also makes a habit of using it to hide her empty sherry bottles after she is sacked in Order of the Phoenix. It would seem that when one wishes to hide something it produces the same room for everyone: the Room of Hidden Things, which is full of many centuries worth of abandoned objects, such as broken furniture, books, and in one case a dead quintaped (for more information see Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them), which were presumably forgotten by their owners.

Harry learns of the room’s abilities from Dobby in Order of the Phoenix, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore’s Army meetings, during which it is filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practising defensive spells. When the D.A. is betrayed, the room is left open, and Pansy Parkinson is able to retrieve the list of members of the organisation. In Half-Blood Prince Harry uses the Room of Hidden Things to stash his copy of Advanced Potion-Making, describing it as the size of a large cathedral and packed to overflowing with items hidden by Hogwarts inhabitants over the years, such as old potions, clothing, ruined furniture, an old tiara (which happens to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes), or books which are «no doubt banned or graffitied or stolen.» He later realises that Draco has been using the room in this state to hide and repair the Vanishing Cabinet to use it to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts. Ironically, while Harry tries many times to get into the Room of Requirement to see what Draco is doing, the only time he succeeds to get into the room (and he is not thinking about Draco), he gains access to the room where Malfoy has been working.

In Deathly Hallows, the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors, use the room. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement’s current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore’s Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog’s Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, Ravenclaw’s diadem is found to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things by Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.

Due to the Room of Requirement not being in a fixed location, it is one of the select locations in Hogwarts that does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Forbidden Forest

The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark enchanted forest in the boundaries of the school grounds. It is usually referred to simply as «the Forest» and in the film series as the «Dark Forest». It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.

Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, yew and knotgrass and thorn undergrowth. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons, mostly makes these trails. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures, many of them dangerous.

In 2017, a Forbidden Forest expansion was added to the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter, enabling fans to explore it for the first time.^[22]

Hogwarts Express

The Hogwarts Express is a train that carries pupils non-stop from Platform 9+3⁄4 at King’s Cross station in London to Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts. Prefects of the school ride in a separate carriage near the front of the train. The compartments on the train appear to be lettered; in Half-Blood Prince, the «Slug Club» meets in compartment C.

The train began use in the 1850s. Before that, pupils used to reach Hogwarts on brooms or enchanted carriages.^[23]

The steam engine used in the film adaptations is the GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was not the first locomotive to be disguised as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking ‘too modern’ for the film. Filming locations for the Hogwarts Express sequences include Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Kings Cross railway station and the route of the Jacobite Express which follows the West Highland Line from Fort William to Mallaig in Scotland, as it crosses the Glenfinnan Viaduct.^[24]

Several model trains have been made of the Hogwarts Express. An 00 gauge is produced by Hornby, though this is of a Castle Class locomotive rather than the Hall Class used in the films. A three-rail H0 gauge model is produced by Märklin, and a two-rail H0/00 was produced in the early 2000s by Bachmann. Several now-discontinued L gauge models have been produced by LEGO. Lionel has released an O gauge set in their 2007 catalogue and a G gauge set for 2008.^[25][26]

A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter’s expansion at Universal Orlando Resort connecting King’s Cross Station at the Diagon Alley expansion in Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,^[27] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.^[28] The Hogwarts Express King’s Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can «walk through» to get to Platform 9+3⁄4, as in the first film.

• 

  Crowds of people around 5972 in York, which had worked an enthusiast special from Manchester in June 2014.

Creation for books and films

Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series,^[29] although the names «The Hogwarts» and «Hoggwart» appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How to Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans.^[30][31] The name «Hogwart» also appears in the 1986 Labyrinth fantasy film.^[32]

Most exterior scenes were shot on location at Alnwick Castle, but views of the exterior of the entire school were created from shots of Durham Cathedral with a digital spire added to the towers. Durham Cathedral also served as a set for Hogwarts interiors.

A scale model was created for exterior shots of the entire school. Models of Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral were also built to create more integration between the model and on location shots. It took a team of 86 artists and crew members 74 years worth of man hours to complete the model.^[33]

In popular culture

Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking, outranking Edinburgh’s Loretto School. According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings, it was added to the schools listing «for fun» and was then voted on.^[34]

In translation

Most translations keep the name ‘Hogwarts’, transcribing it if necessary. For example, in Arabic it is transcribed as هوغوورتس = Hūghwūrts, in Russian as Хогвартс = Khogvarts, in Japanese as ホグワーツ = Hoguwātsu, in Bengali as হগওয়ার্টস = Hogowarts, in Greek as Χόγκουαρτς = Hóguarts, and in simplified Chinese as 霍格沃茨 = Huògéwòcí.^[35]

However, some translations translate or otherwise adapt the name: French Poudlard (lard = «bacon»),^[35] Latvian Cūkkārpas shortened from cūka = «pig» + kārpas = «warts», Dutch Zweinstein modified from zwijnsteen = «pig rock»,^[35] Norwegian Bokmål Galtvort (galt = boar, vort = wart) (Nynorsk keeps «Hogwarts«), Finnish Tylypahka (pahka = «wart»), Hungarian Roxfort (playing with the name of Oxford in tribute to Harry Potter’s home country),^[35] Slovenian Bradavičarka (bradavice = «warts»)), Czech Bradavice means simply «warts».^[35] The Ancient Greek translation of the school is «Ὑογοήτου Παιδευτήριον τὸ τῆς Γοητείας καὶ Μαγείας», loosely translating to «Hogwizard’s School of Wizardry and Magic», Ὑογοήτου replacing «Hogwarts» and derived from the ancient Greek words ὑo- (hog) and γοητής (wizard).

See also

• Albus Dumbledore
• Loch Shiel

References

External links

• Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• Hogwarts Castle on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• The Harry Potter Lexicon’s Hogwarts Atlas featuring numerous images of Hogwarts. hplex.info.
• The Marauder’s Map from the Warner Bros website, harrypotter.warnerbros.co.uk

Школа Чародейства и Волшебства Хогвартс
Информация о школе
Местоположение	Замок Хогвартс, Шотландия, Великобритания
Девиз	Draco Dormiens Nunquam Titillandus (Не щекочи спящего дракона)
Директор	См. список
Факультеты	Гриффиндор Когтевран Пуффендуй Слизерин

Школа Чародейства и Волшебства Хогвартс (англ. Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry)^[2] — учебное заведение волшебников, живущих в Великобритании и Ирландии.

Общие сведения

Хогвартс является единственной школой магии в Великобритании и Ирландии. В неё принимаются дети, достигшие 11 лет и обладающие магическими способностями.

Как только ребёнок начинает проявлять магические силы, его имя сразу вписывается Пером приёма в специальную Книгу доступа^[3]. Если ребенку уже исполнилось 11 лет или исполнится до 1 сентября, то в июле, перед началом учебного года, ему приходит письмо о зачислении в Хогвартс со списком необходимых к покупке предметов. К маглорождённым магам и в особых случаях письмо приносит Специальный посланник.

Такая система не позволяет сквибам (детям волшебников, лишённым магии) попасть в школу, однако в 1858 году один сквиб, благодаря своим братьям и сёстрам добрался до шляпы, распределяющей по факультетам^[4].

Количество учеников Хогвартса точно неизвестно, но скорее всего туда принимаются абсолютно все дети-волшебники из Великобритании. Если принять во внимание количество учеников на одном курсе одного факультета, а в среднем это 10 человек, то всего в школе учатся приблизительно 280 детей. Хотя есть сведения, что некоторые ученики обучаются дома.

Обучение длится 7 лет. В конце каждого года сдаются экзамены, но особенно важны для будущего учеников экзамены в конце пятого и седьмого года (СОВ и ЖАБА).

В русских переводах годы обучения называются курсами (первый курс, второй курс и т. д.) Соответственно, учащиеся разных лет называются первокурсниками, второкурсниками и так далее. Преподаватели Хогвартса называются профессорами и обращаются к ученикам на «Вы», часто с обращением «мистер» или «мисс».

Обучение в школе бесплатное, книги и школьный инвентарь учащиеся обычно покупают сами. Однако есть специальный фонд для покупки учебников и школьного инвентаря малоимущим ученикам.^[5]

Основание школы

Хогвартс был основан примерно в X веке четырьмя могущественными волшебниками: Годриком Гриффиндором, Салазаром Слизерином, Кандидой Когтевран и Пенелопой Пуффендуй. Основатели построили магическую школу и принимали туда всех детей с волшебными способностями, чему возражал Слизерин — он считал, что в школе не место маглорождённым. Основатели решили распределять к себе учеников по разным умениям и характерам, так в школе образовалось четыре факультета — эта традиция живёт в школе по сей день.

Расположение замка

Школа находится в старинном восьмиэтажном^[6] замке в Шотландии (возможно, в Аргайлшире — карта этого графства висит на третьем этаже). На территории школы, кроме замка, есть горное озеро, большой лес, называемый «Запретный Лес» из-за живущих там опасных существ, оранжереи, ещё несколько вспомогательных зданий, а также поле для игры в квиддич. Замок окружён горами.

Ближайшим населённым пунктом является маленькая деревушка Хогсмид — единственная деревушка в Англии, не населенная маглами. Там же находится и ближайшая к Хогвартсу железнодорожная станция. Между Хогсмидом и Лондоном курсирует специальный поезд «Хогвартс-экспресс», на котором ученики трижды в год добираются до школы и трижды уезжают на каникулы (летние, рождественские и пасхальные). На карте, которую Дж. К. Роулинг нарисовала для съёмок фильмов по своим книгам, станция находится к юго-востоку от школы, а деревня Хогсмид — к северо-западу.

В школу можно добраться не только поездом. Хотя трансгрессия (англ. Apparition) на территории школы невозможна из-за наложенных защитных чар, можно трансгрессировать в точку рядом со школой и дойти до школы пешком, как и произошло в книге «Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка». В школу можно также добраться, используя летающие мётлы или летучий порох. На четвёртом и пятом году учёбы Гарри Поттер возвращается в Хогвартс, используя портал. В пятой книге Гарри с детьми Уизли отправлялись через портал в дом Блэков.^[7] После возрождения Волан-де-Морта меры безопасности были усилены в сто раз, поэтому проникновение в замок на метлах^[8], через сеть летучего пороха ^[9] и, возможно, при помощи порталов стало невозможным. Кстати, домашние эльфы, большая колония которых обслуживает замок, могут трансгрессировать в Хогвартсе. В фильме «Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка» Дамблдор также может трансгрессировать с территории Хогвартса, объясняя это тем, что у него, как у директора, особые привилегии. Во время подготовки к трансгрессионным испытаниям директор снимает соответствующее заклинание, но только на один час и только в пределах Большого Зала.

В шестой книге Пожирателям смерти удалось проникнуть в Хогвартс при помощи Исчезательного шкафа.

Чтобы добраться от Хогсмида до замка, первокурсники пересекают озеро на небольших лодках, а ученики старших курсов едут к замку в каретах, запряженных фестралами — крылатыми лошадьми. Зимой этот же путь можно проделать в лошадиной упряжке прямо по озерной глади. Въезд на прилежащую к замку территорию осуществляется через ворота.

Колонны, на которых они держатся, увенчаны статуями крылатых вепрей, так как Хогвартс в переводе с некоего древнего языка означает «вепрь». Вероятно, есть две причины, почему первый раз в жизни ученики добираются до Хогвартса по воде. Во-первых, неизвестно кто из них увидит фестралов: малыши могут испугаться. Во-вторых, вода — сильная магическая субстанция (как ни странно), возможно, озеро как бы даёт «пропуск» в замок.

Школа заколдована таким образом, что для маглов она выглядит руинами с табличкой «Вход воспрещён» (англ. Keep Out). Электрические и электронные устройства в Хогвартсе не работают из-за того, что там слишком много магии.

Помещения замка и прилегающая территория

• Астрономическая башня
• Башня Гриффиндора
  • Гостиная Гриффиндора
• Башня Когтеврана
  • Гостиная Когтеврана
• Белая гробница
• Библиотека Хогвартса
  • Запретная секция
  • Секция Невидимости
• Боковая комната
• Больничное крыло
  • Кабинет мадам Помфри
• Большой Зал
• Гостиная Пуффендуя
• Гостиная Слизерина
• Ванная старост
• Вестибюль
• Выручай-комната
• Деревянный мост
• Зал трофеев
• Кабинет директора
• Кабинет преподавателя Защиты от Тёмных искусств
• Кабинет Минервы Макгонагалл
• Кабинет Северуса Снегга
• Кабинет Помоны Стебль
• Кабинет Аргуса Филча
• Кабинет Филиуса Флитвика
• Коридор Одноглазой ведьмы
• Каменный круг
• Коридор на третьем этаже
• Кухня Хогвартса
• Лестницы Хогвартса
• Парадная лестница
• Совятня
• Стадион квиддича
• Тайная комната
• Учительская

Штат Хогвартса

Управление школой

Управляют школой директор и заместитель директора. К моменту начала повествования директором школы является Альбус Дамблдор, его заместителем — Минерва МакГонагалл. Директор отчитывается перед Советом Попечителей, состоящим из 12 человек. Также, вероятно, школа должна подчиняться Министерству магии, однако прямых указаний на это нет. Директор занимается управлением персоналом, вопросами найма и увольнения сотрудников, принятия и исключения студентов, представлением школы общественности и т.п.

С учениками работают, в основном, деканы факультетов, на которых они обучаются, а также старосты факультетов и школы.

Персонал Хогвартса

В Хогвартсе работает около 15 преподавателей, которые называются профессорами. Каждый профессор специализируется на одном предмете. Более одного предмета преподаватель не преподаёт, хотя может быть осведомлён в нескольких дисциплинах. Кроме того, в школе работает целитель, завхоз, библиотекарь и лесничий, по совместительству и садовник. Около сотни домовых эльфов работают на кухне и поддерживают чистоту в замке.

Обитатели замка

Замок невозможно представить без незаметной, но тщательной работы домашних эльфов. Другие обитатели Хогвартса, без которых он немыслим — привидения. Точно неизвестно, сколько призраков обитает в школе, но ясно, что их за тысячелетие накопилось много. Поимённо названы восемь, а более известны четыре привидения четырёх факультетов школы: Кровавый Барон (Слизерин), Толстый монах (Пуффендуй), Серая Дама (Когтевран) и Почти Безголовый Ник (Гриффиндор). Также известно лишь одно привидение, которое «живёт» в Хогвартсе потому, что это место его гибели — Плакса Миртл. Призраки Хогвартса редко принимают участие в жизни школы и общаются с учениками, предпочитая общаться между собой на годовщинах своих смертей и на заседаниях Совета призраков. Привидения также пытаются повлиять на полтергейста Пивза, хотя это не представляется возможным: Пивз — дух хаоса, неотъемлемая часть заведения с такой многовековой историей, населённого сотнями озорных детей.

Своеобразными обитателями замка можно считать и портреты, которых по огромному замку висит точно не менее тысячи. Портреты могут общаться между собой и с учениками, тем самым играя значительную роль в жизни школы: они могут предупредить о чём-то, следить за кем-то, передавать сообщения. Известно, что директор школы прислушивается к советам своих предшественников на этом посту, разговаривая с ними в своём кабинете. Картины традиционно охраняют входы, например, портрет Полной дамы открывает для гриффиндорцев проход в их гостиную по паролю, в играх портреты по паролям открывают тайные ходы для быстрого перемещения по замку.

В Хогвартсе много домашних животных, потому что многие ученики привозят своих любимцев (сов, кошек. жаб и пр.) с собой. Да и сотрудников школы есть свои питомцы — к примеру, у Дамблдора есть феникс Фоукс, а у завхоза Филча — кошка миссис Норрис, которая помогает ему в работе. Для сов отведено отдельное помещение, которые называется совятней и располагается в одной из башен Хогвартса.

В книгах также появляются живые рыцарские доспехи (скорее всего XV века), которые тоже располагаются в Хогвартсе.

Учебная программа

Все предметы, изучаемые в школе, так или иначе связаны с магией. За исключением астрономии, ни один предмет не преподаётся в обычных школах, хотя есть и похожие (зельеварение вместо химии, история магии вместо истории, нумерология вместо математики, травология вместо ботаники, уход за магическими существами вместо зоологии). Особняком стоит изучение астрономии, т. к. такой предмет есть и в магловских школах.

Обязательных предметов восемь:

• Зельеварение
• История магии
• Трансфигурация
• Заклинания
• Астрономия
• Травология
• Защита от тёмных искусств
• Полёты на мётлах

Все эти предметы обязательны с первого по пятый курс. Начиная с третьего курса, ученикам, наряду с обязательными, предлагаются факультативные предметы:

• Прорицания
• Уход за магическими существами
• Изучение Древних рун
• Магловедение
• Нумерология

Обучение на двух последних курсах не является обязательным. Так, например, братья Уизли в пятой книге решили уйти из школы, не закончив седьмой курс, и открыть собственный магазин волшебных изделий. На последних двух курсах ученики изучают меньше предметов, но на более углубленном уровне. Занятия становятся гораздо сложнее. Кроме того, ученик может быть и не допущен к занятиям из-за недостаточно высоких оценок.

На шестом году обучения ученики Хогвартса могут изучать трансгрессию с последующей сдачей экзамена. Трансгрессию преподаёт не один из преподавателей, а чиновник Министерства Магии. К экзамену допускаются только ученики, достигшие 17 лет. Курсы трансгрессии являются платными.

Не сказано, изучается ли в Хогвартсе родной язык и литература, а также иностранные языки. Похоже, что, по крайней мере, литература не изучается.^[10] Однако ученик может выбрать беллетристику^[11].

Существует вероятность, что в Хогвартсе изучают Музыку, так как в играх о Гарри Поттере в замке есть Класс Музыки^[12]. Однако, скорее всего, этот предмет является одним из внеклассных кружков, которые существуют в Хогвартсе. Самые известные из них: Клуб зельеварения, клуб игроков в плюй-камни, Кружок заклинаний.

Экзамены и оценки

На занятиях оценки каждому студенту выставляются по пятибалльной шкале и либо присуждаются, либо отнимаются учителем в случае неудовлетворительного ответа. Каждый балл пополняет или опустошает песочные часы факультета, на котором обучается тот или иной студент. Практически, индивидуальная успеваемость студента отслеживается только им и преподавателем — нигде не упоминаются журналы и сводные табели оценок. Личная успеваемость студента отслеживается только с помощью экзаменов, которые студенты сдают в конце каждого года. Самые ответственные из них — СОВ и ЖАБА.

В конце пятого курса по всем изучаемым предметам устраивается экзамен, называемый СОВ — Супер Отменное Волшебство (так же есть другие переводы этой аббревиатуры: Стандартизированные Отметки Волшебников, Стандарты Обучения Волшебству; в оригинале OWLs — Ordinary Wizarding Levels). На экзаменах СОВ есть следующие оценки:

• Положительные оценки
  • O = Outstanding (П = Превосходно)
  • E = Exceeds Expectations (В = Выше ожидаемого)
  • A = Acceptable (У = Удовлетворительно)
• Отрицательные оценки
  • P = Poor (С = Слабо)
  • D = Dreadful (О = Отвратительно)
  • T = Troll (Тролль. Эта оценка сначала казалась шуткой Фреда и Джорджа Уизли, но потом оказалась настоящей: она означает, что студент по умственному развитию тупой, как тролль).

Максимально можно набрать 12 баллов. Экзамен принимают профессора и члены Волшебной экзаменационной комиссии.

Для продолжения занятий по данному предмету необходимо получить оценку не ниже А (Удовлетворительно), хотя некоторые преподаватели требуют Е (Выше ожидаемого) и даже O (Превосходно). Некоторые студенты, получившие низкие оценки, продолжают в последние два года учиться на уровне СОВ.

После седьмого курса ученики сдают экзамены ЖАБА — Жутко Академическая Блестящая Аттестация (в других переводах ПАУК — Претруднейшая Аттестация Умений Колдуна и ТРИТОН — Типично Решаемый Изнуряющий Тест, в оригинале NEWT — Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests). Система оценок на ЖАБА та же, что и на СОВ.

После сдачи ЖАБА выпускники устраиваются на работу. Для многих профессий или должностей в требования к кандидатам входит уровень оценки, полученной по определённым предметам на экзаменах СОВ и ЖАБА. Также для работы мракоборцем или занятию иной специфической деятельностью необходимо пройти специальное обучение и сдать дополнительные тесты и экзамены.

Логистика

Основные предметы изучаются как минимум с первого по пятый курс и, если на экзамене СОВ получена требуемая оценка и у студента есть необходимость изучать этот предмет дальше, то занятия уже на уровне ЖАБА продолжаются до седьмого курса. До экзамена СОВ студент не имеет права отказываться от изучения обязательного предмета. С третьего курса вводятся новые необязательные дисциплины, изучение которых можно прервать в любой момент^[13]. На пятом курсе по ним также сдается СОВ и предмет может изучаться до седьмого курса. Один предмет может быть поделен по курсам между двумя преподавателями, как в случае с Флоренцем и Трелони. До пятого курса каждому предмету отводится не менее двух уроков в неделю. Факультеты часто посещают занятия вместе. Один урок продолжается 45 минут^[14], сдвоенный — полтора часа.

Факультеты

Ученики Хогвартса делятся на четыре факультета, носящие фамилии их создателей. Они распределяются по факультетам в первый же день в школе в зависимости от их интеллекта и характера, а также, вероятно, желания принадлежать тому или иному факультету. Отбирает их Распределяющая шляпа.

Факультеты эти:

• Гриффиндор — для благородных и храбрых, основатель Годрик Гриффиндор
• Пуффендуй — для трудолюбивых и честных, основатель Пенелопа Пуффендуй
• Когтевран — для мудрых и умных, основатель Кандида Когтевран
• Слизерин — для амбициозных и хитрых, основатель Салазар Слизерин

Каждый факультет возглавляет декан. Декан — один из преподавателей Хогвартса, в прошлом учившийся на своём факультете. На начало повествования: декан Слизерина — Северус Снегг, профессор зельеварения; декан Гриффиндора — Минерва Макгонагалл, профессор трансфигурации; декан Пуффендуя — Помона Стебль, профессор травологии; декан Когтеврана — Филиус Флитвик, профессор заклинаний.

Ежегодно проходит соревнование между факультетами: кто из них получит больше баллов. За достижения и промахи каждого студента — как академические, так и дисциплинарные — баллы могут быть начислены или сняты с его факультета. Таким образом, в Хогвартсе используются групповые поощрения и наказания. Так в первый же год гриффиндорцы объявляют коллективный бойкот Гарри Поттеру и его друзьям за потерю большого количества баллов^[1].

Снимать или добавлять баллы факультетам имеет право любой преподаватель. Похоже, что нет правил по поводу того, какое количество баллов снимается или добавляется в каких случаях. Северус Снегг, декан Слизерина, пользуется этим, несправедливо снимая баллы с других факультетов, в особенности с Гриффиндора или завышает баллы для Слизерина.

Также баллы начисляются за высокие результаты в ежегодном турнире по квиддичу между четырьмя факультетами. К тому же победа в школьном турнире отмечается переходящим Кубком по квиддичу.

Отмеривают баллы большие заколдованные песочные часы в холле. Их четыре: по одному на каждый факультет. Вместо песчинок в них — драгоценные камни: рубины в гриффиндорских часах, алмазы^[15] — в пуффендуйских, синие сапфиры — в когтевранских, изумруды — в слизеринских. Когда баллы добавляются или снимаются с факультета, в соответствующих часах такое же количество камней падает в нижнюю половину или, наоборот, поднимается в верхнюю.

В конце каждого года факультет, набравший максимальное количество очков, выигрывает межфакультетское соревнование. В честь победы Большой зал Хогвартса декорируется в цвета факультета-победителя.

В Хогвартсе существуют также старосты. Ежегодно на каждом факультете назначают старостами двух пятикурсников, юношу и девушку. Статус старосты сохраняется до окончания школы. Таким образом, на каждом факультете есть 6 старост: по двое на пятом, шестом и седьмом курсах. На седьмом курсе староста факультета может стать старостой школы. Кто именно назначает того или иного ученика старостой не совсем понятно. Скорее всего — это привилегия декана факультета, хотя возможно старост назначает совет деканов во главе с директором. Близнецы Уизли возмущаются тем, что старостой назначили их брата Рона, а не Гарри: «Мы думали, у Дамблдора и варианта другого нет!»^[16] А чуть позже Нимфадора Тонкс говорит о том, что никогда не была старостой потому, что декан её факультета отметил отсутствие в ней «кое-каких необходимых качеств». Старосты помогают поддерживать дисциплину и получают некоторые привилегии (к примеру, в Хогвартсе имеется специальная ванная, которой могут пользоваться лишь старосты и капитаны команд по квиддичу).

Старосты могут снимать баллы с остальных учеников (во второй книге Перси Уизли, староста Гриффиндора снял 5 баллов со своего факультета за то, что обнаружил Гарри Поттера и Рона Уизли в женском туалете), но не могут снимать баллы друг с друга (об этом говорит Эрни Макмиллан в пятой книге). Исключение было сделано Долорес Амбридж (пятая книга серии) для членов Инспекционной дружины, которые получили право штрафовать и учеников, и старост.

Перевод

Перевод слова «House» (дом) как «Факультет» не совсем точен, поскольку настоящие факультеты отличаются изучаемыми предметами, а не личными качествами учащихся на них студентов. В других переводах House перевели как «колледж». Действительно, некоторые английские университеты состоят из «колледжей», но слово «колледж» в таком случае означает то же самое, что и «факультет».

Перевод названий самих факультетов тоже вызывает некоторое возмущение фанатов. Так, названия, звучащие в оригинале как «Равенкло» (англ. Ravenclaw) и «Хаффлпафф» (англ. Hufflepuff), переведены как «Когтевран» и «Пуффендуй» соответственно. Хотя, точно так же как и «Гриффиндор», и «Слизерин», берут своё название от фамилий основателей.

Школьная форма

^[17]

Во время занятий ученики обязаны носить мантии чёрного цвета и при необходимости — конусовидные шляпы с полями. Также в комплект входит чёрный зимний плащ с серебряной застёжкой и защитные перчатки из кожи дракона для работы с волшебными растениям, животными и зельями.

В особо торжественных случаях ученики надевают парадные мантии. Никаких указаний по внешнему виду парадных мантий не существует. Факультетские знаки отличий на них также отсутствуют.

Для отдельных учеников существуют определённые знаки различия. Так, старосты факультетов носят на груди, специальные значки (в первом фильме ещё и специальные шапочки).

В фильмах о Гарри Поттере ученики носят мантию поверх костюма, а также галстуки (в помещении) и шарфы и перчатки (зимой на улице), как части школьной формы. На груди каждой мантии вышит герб факультета. Эти детали одежды раскрашены в полоски цветов факультетов:

• Гриффиндор — золотой и красный
• Когтевран — синий и бронзовый (в фильмах белый)
• Пуффендуй — жёлтый и чёрный
• Слизерин — зелёный и серебряный (в фильмах на шарфах белый)

Школьный дух

Герб школы

На гербе Хогвартса изображена большая буква «Х» в окружение символов факультетов. Лев на красном фоне — Гриффиндор, змея на зелёном фоне — Слизерин, барсук на жёлтом фоне — Пуффендуй, а орёл на синем фоне — Когтевран.

Его можно увидеть:

• На мантиях учеников Хогвартса.
• На прочем стаффе, который имеет отношение к школе, например, на полотенцах, которые носят домовые эльфы кухни Хогвартса.

Лозунг Хогвартса

Лозунг Хогвартса — «Draco dormiens numquam titillandus», что по латыни означает: «Не щекочи спящего дракона»^[18].

Гимн Хогвартса

В школе также был и свой гимн:

Хогвартс, Хогвартс, наш любимый Хогвартс
Научи нас хоть чему-нибудь.
Молодых и старых, лысых и косматых,
Возраст ведь не важен, а важна лишь суть.
В наших головах сейчас гуляет ветер,
В них пусто и уныло, и кучи дохлых мух,
Но для знаний место в них всегда найдётся,
Так что научи нас хоть чему-нибудь.
Если что забудем, ты уж нам напомни,
А если не знаем, ты нам объясни.
Сделай всё, что сможешь, наш любимый Хогвартс,
А мы уж постараемся тебя не подвести.

Примечательно, что гимн поётся только в первой книге, а в остальных не упоминается.

Праздничные пиры

По случаю знаменательных событий в Хогвартсе устраиваются праздничные пиры. Традиционными являются пир в честь начала нового учебного года с церемонией распределения и пир в честь окончания учебного года, на котором объявляют лучший факультет года. Также пиры устраивают в честь всеобщих празднеств: Пасха, Рождество, Хэллоуин — накануне весь замок преображается: на Хэллоуин повсюду стоят тыквы с горящими свечами внутри, на Рождество в Большом зале появляются большие украшенные ёлки, а в коридорах висят омелы. Во время проведения Турнира трёх волшебников в школе проводят Святочный бал.

Соревнования

Помимо вышеуказанной ежегодной межфакультетской борьбы за Кубок школы и соревнования по квиддичу существуют и межшкольные соревнования.

Так каждые пять лет проходит Турнир трёх волшебников: в нём соревнуются Хогвартс, Дурмстранг и Шармбатон. Турнир проходит поочерёдно в каждой из школ и три чемпиона, защищающие честь своих школ, сражаются за Кубок Турнира в чрезвычайно опасных состязаниях.

Каждые семь лет между магическими школами различных стран проходит Чемпионат по зельям. Его участники соревнуются в некоем Таинственном саду за звание лучшего зельевара и Золотой котёл^[19].

В шестой книге мельком упоминается соревнование между школами по игре в плюй-камни.^[20]

Школьные награды

Ежегодно факультету, набравшему наибольшее количество баллов, вручается Кубок школы.

Кубок Хогвартса по квиддичу получает Сборная факультета, одержавшего победу над соперниками в квиддичном Чемпионате. Также лучшим игрокам в квиддич дают медали, которые потом хранятся в школе, известные обладатели таких знаков отличия: охотник Джеймс Поттер и М. Г. Макгонагалл^[21].

Также известно, что студент может получить Кубок Ангуса Бьюкенена за Выдающиеся Усилия^[4] и медаль «За заслуги перед школой». Все награды хранятся в Хогвартсе в Зале трофеев.

Дисциплинарные меры

Кроме снятия баллов, практикуются и другие дисциплинарные меры.

Учеников могут оставить после уроков. В прошлом, если верить завхозу Аргусу Филчу, за некоторые провинности назначали пытки в специальном Зале наказаний, например, зажимание больших пальцев в тиски. На момент повествования, ученики, оставленные после уроков, должны помогать преподавателям или персоналу в скучной или опасной работе. Интересно, что ученики, обнаруженные ночью вне своих спален, в наказание посланы, тоже ночью, в ещё более опасный Запретный Лес^[1].

Профессора могут снимать баллы или оставлять после уроков любых учеников, как за дисциплинарные нарушения, так и за плохие результаты в учёбе. Вне класса поддерживать дисциплину помогают старосты. В случае каких-либо споров, окончательное решение принимает декан факультета.

Серьёзные дисциплинарные нарушения могут караться отчислением из школы. В частности, Гарри Поттеру грозило отчисление за применение магии вне школы^[16].

Исключительные случаи

Известны кратковременные нововведения в вопросах дисциплинарных взысканий.

1995-1996 учебный год

• Профессор Долорес Амбридж, назначенная Министерством магии Генеральным инспектором Хогвартса, заставила Гарри Поттера, а позже и Ли Джордана писать заколдованым пером, которое одновременно с письмом на пергаменте процарапывало написанное на руке подростков, так что студенты фактически писали «строчки» своей кровью. И хотя официально Амбридж не имела на это права, Министерство закрыло глаза на такое вопиющее нарушение^[16].
• Долорес Амбридж, изменила порядок накладывания другими преподавателями взысканий и поощрений на учеников. Теперь окончательное слово в этом вопросе принадлежало Генеральному инспектору.
• Долорес Амбридж, назначенная Министерством директором Хогвартса весной 1996 года, подписала разрешение на применение завхозом Филчем физических наказаний (порки). Правда, несмотря на то, что именно в это время в Хогвартсе резко возросло непослушание учащихся, такие наказания так и не были применены, поскольку «нарушений оказалось так много, что стало невозможно ловить самих нарушителей».

1997-1998 учебный год

• После фактического прихода к власти Волан-де-Морта, в школе были введены новые дисциплинарные наказания: подвешивание учеников на цепях, порка и пытки различными заклятиями вплоть до «Круциатуса».

Хогвартс в фильмах о Гарри Поттере

Локации Хогвартса снимали во многих живописных местах по всей Великобритании. Сам замок представлял собой большую модель, построенную на киностудии, и в течение многолетних съёмок он изменялся и декорировался. Большая часть сцен, происходивших внутри замка и рядом со школой, были сняты в кафедральных соборах Глостера и Дарэма, в аббатстве Лэккок, близ замка Элник, в разных строениях Оксфордского университета.

В стенах Глостерского собора с лёгкостью можно узнать коридоры магической школы. Внутренний дворик Хогвартса — это двор Даремского собора — там Гарри отпускал полетать Буклю, Хагрид тащил в школу огромную ёлку, а Рона тошнило слизнями. Вокруг замка Элник Гарри Поттер летал на метле и соревновался в квиддич на фоне его идеально подстриженных лужаек в первых фильмах.

Кабинет Минервы Макгонагалл снимали в Даремском соборе, класс Заклинаний — в публичной школе для мальчиков Харроу^[22], больничное крыло — в Школе Богословия^[23], библиотека Хогвартса — в Бодлианской библиотеке Оксфорда. Большой зал был воссоздан на киностудии, его прототипом послужил обеденный зал колледжа Церкви Христа (англ. Christ Church) при Оксфордском университете^[24]. Одной из лестниц замка стала винтовая лестница знаменитого Собора святого Павла^[25].

Прилегающая территория снималась, в основном, в Шотландии. Так Чёрным озером стали сразу несколько шотландских озёр: Лох-Шил, Лох-Эйлт, Лох-Морар. Гленфиннанский виадук близ Лох-Шила — живописный мост, по которому к Хогвартсу подъезжает Хогвартс-экспресс. Окружающая Хогвартс долина — это шотландская долина Гленко: её пейзажи можно увидеть из галереи на деревянном мосту (сам мост — студийная постройка с зелёным экраном вместо окон)^[26]. Хижина Хагрида в фильмах располагалась в разных местах: в первых фильмах она была близ замка Энвик, в третьем — в долине Гленко. Запретный лес находится в Чёрном парке в Бакингемшире^[22].

За кулисами

• В своем интервью главный художник фильмов о Гарри Поттере, Стюарт Крейг, заявил, что «построенный» ими Хогвартс в первом фильме и в последнем разительно отличаются друг от друга: «Посмотрите, это ведь два совершенно разных здания!». Сделано это было специально, поскольку из-за сцен массовых баталий потребовалось большее количество различных залов, коридоров и площадок Хогвартса.
• В фильме «Гарри Поттер и Дары Смерти: часть 2» Пожиратели смерти во главе с Волан-де-Мортом частично разрушили уже полюбившуюся зрителям школу магии. Среди прочего пострадал Большой зал и Башня Гриффиндора.
• В последнем фильме Хогвартс сильно изменился. В частности был расширен Главный двор перед центральным входом в замок, появился новый Виадук, который соединяет двор с деревней Хогсмид, изменился дизайн нескольких небольших башен, полностью изменилась мраморная лестница, окно в Большом зале получило новый дизайн.
• Во время публикации серии книг о Гарри Поттере в интернете появилось много русскоязычных виртуальных учебных заведений, в которых велись «магические» и «историко-магические» курсы.
• По окончании съёмок фильмов на студии Ливсден, в павильонах которой снимались основные сцены фильмов, был организован Музей Гарри Поттера.
• Когда Джоан Роулинг спросили в твиттере, сколько стоит обучение в Хогвартсе, та ответила, что Министерство Магии покрывает все расходы на обучение^[27].

Примечания

Ссылки

Школа Чародейства и Волшебства «Хогвартс»
Гриффиндор	Слизерин	Когтевран	Пуффендуй
Основатели: Годрик Гриффиндор · Салазар Слизерин · Кандида Когтевран · Пенелопа Пуффендуй
Деканы: Минерва Макгонагалл · Гораций Слизнорт · Филиус Флитвик · Помона Стебль
Привидения: Почти Безголовый Ник · Кровавый Барон · Серая дама · Толстый Монах

п•о•р Турнир Трёх Волшебников · 1994
Коллегия судей	Альбус Дамблдор · Барти Крауч · Игорь Каркаров · Корнелиус Фадж · Людовик Бэгмен · Олимпия Максим
Школы	Дурмстранг · Хогвартс · Шармбатон
Чемпионы	Виктор Крам · Гарри Поттер · Седрик Диггори · Флёр Делакур
Турнир	Первый этап · Второй этап · Третий этап
Существа	Акромантул · Боггарт · Василиск · Гриндилоу · Дементор · Драконы · Русалки и тритоны · Сфинкс
Пленники второго этапа	Габриэль Делакур · Гермиона Грейнджер · Рон Уизли · Чжоу Чанг
Объекты	Золотое яйцо · Кубок Огня · Кубок Турнира

п•о•р Магическое образование
Магические школы	Академия волшебства Шармбатон · Институт Дурмстранг · Кастелобрушу · Колдовстворец · Салемский институт ведьм · Школа магии Махотокоро · Школа магии Уагаду · Школа Чародейства и Волшебства Ильверморни · Школа Чародейства и Волшебства Хогвартс
Дополнительное образование	Волшебная Академия Драматических Искусств · Академия Полётов на Метле · Школа Заклинаний · Школа неординарных языков Евро-Глиф · Объединённая подводная школа Spellage
Экзамены	Экзамены для Первого курса · Экзамены для Второго курса · Экзамены для Третьего курса · Экзамены для Четвёртого курса · Стандарты Обучения Волшебству · Жутко Академическая Блестящая Аттестация
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Школа Чародейства и Волшебства «Хо́гвартс» (Хо́гвартс)
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Оригинальное название	Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Девиз	лат. Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus! рус. Не дразните спящего дракона![1]
Год основания	более 1000 лет назад
Тип	школа магии

Хогвартс (официальное название Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry или, реже, Hogwarts Academy of Witchcraft and Wizardry, в переводах — Школа/Академия Чародейства и Волшебства «Хогвартс») — школа магии из серии романов английской писательницы Дж. К. Роулинг о Гарри Поттере, находящаяся в Англии. Хогвартс является основным местом действия всех написанных до сих пор шести книг.

Общие сведения[править]

Хогвартс, скорее всего, является единственной школой магии в Англии. В Хогвартс принимаются дети, достигшие 11 лет и обладающие магическими способностями. Соответственно, они поступают в него после окончания начальной школы (дети волшебников в обычных школах не учатся, но, поскольку к моменту поступления они также имеют начальное образование, значит, учатся где-то еще; в книгах этот момент не освещен). Некоторые волшебники не отправляют своих детей в Хогвартс, предпочитая домашнее обучение^{[источник?]}. Обучение в Хогвартсе длится 7 лет. В конце каждого года сдаются экзамены, но особенно важны для будущего учеников экзамены в конце 5-го (СОВ) и 7-го (ЖАБА) года.

По принципу обучения Хогвартс — университет (вероятнее всего, он списан с английских школ-интернатов). Года обучения (в русских переводах) называются курсами (первый курс, второй курс и т. д.), а учащиеся — студентами. Соответственно, учащиеся разных лет называются первокурсниками, второкурсниками и так далее. Учащиеся посещают лекции и практические занятия, а в конце года сдают экзамены. По большинству предметов предусмотрена и промежуточная отчетность — эссе или задания (нумерология) и «лабораторные работы» (заклинания, зельеварение). Преподаватели Хогвартса называются профессорами и обращаются к ученикам на «вы».

В романе упоминаются аналогичные школы в других странах — Шармбатон (Бобатон) во Франции и Дурмстранг, вероятно, находящийся в одной из стран Скандинавского полуострова ^[2]. Кроме того, упоминается Институт Салемских Ведьм, по названию которого можно предположить, что он находится в США. Из текста непонятно, является ли этот институт школой магии, но Роулинг подтвердила, что это действительно так. В четвертой книге упоминается также школа магии в Бразилии.

Управляют школой директор и заместитель директора. К моменту начала действия директором школы является Альбус Дамблдор, его заместителем — Минерва МакГонагалл. Директор отчитывается перед Попечительским Советом, состоящим из 12 человек.

Обучение в школе бесплатное, но книги и школьный инвентарь учащиеся обычно покупают сами. В шестой книге упоминается специальный фонд для покупки учебников и школьного инвентаря малоимущим ученикам.

Количество учеников[править]

На курсе Поттера, по-видимому, учатся 40 студентов, по 10 на каждом факультете [1] [2].

Сведения об общем количестве студентов туманны и противоречивы. В одном интервью Роулинг сказала, что их около 1000 [3], в другом — что в прошлом считала, что их около 600 [4], но теперь в этом не уверена.

Расположение[править]

Школа находится в старинном семиэтажном замке в Шотландии. На территории школы, кроме замка, есть горное озеро, большой лес, называемый Запретным из-за живущих там опасных существ (см. Акромантул), оранжереи, кладбище (к концу шестой книги там появляется, среди прочих, белый мраморный склеп погибшего директора, Альбуса Дамблдора), ещё несколько зданий, а также поле для игры в квиддич. Замок окружён горами.

Ближайшим населённым пунктом является маленькая деревушка Хогсмид — единственная деревушка в Англии, где живут только волшебники. В Хогсмиде находится кондитерская «Сладкое королевство» (Honeydukes), несколько магазинов смешных сувениров вроде «Зонко», почта, гостиница «Три Метлы», бары. Многие ученики Хогвартса любят его посещать. Хогсмид — название не только деревни, но и ближайшей к Хогвартсу железнодорожной станции. Чтобы добраться до станции Хогсмид, надо сесть на поезд «Хогвартс Экспресс», который отправляется с вокзала «Кингс Кросс» в Лондоне с платформы 9¾. На платформу 9¾ можно попасть, пройдя через кирпичную стену, разделяющую платформы 9 и 10 (а они на вокзале действительно существуют). На карте, которую Дж. К. Роулинг нарисовала для съёмок фильмов по своим книгам, станция находится к юго-востоку от школы, а деревня Хогсмид — к северо-западу.

В школу можно добраться не только поездом. Хотя трансгрессия (apparation) на территории школы невозможна, можно трансгрессировать в точку рядом со школой и дойти до школы пешком, как и произошло в шестой книге — «Гарри Поттер и Принц-Полукровка». В школу можно также добраться, используя летающие мётлы или летучий порох. В четвёртой книге «Гарри Поттер и Кубок Огня» Гарри Поттер возвращается в Хогвартс, используя портал.

Чтобы добраться от Хогсмида до замка, первокурсники пересекают озеро на небольших лодках, а ученики старших курсов едут к замку в каретах, запряженных фестралами — крылатыми лошадьми, которых видят только те, кто видел смерть — проезжая ворота, знаменующие вход на прилегающую уже непосредственно к замку территорию. На колоннах, на которых держатся ворота, стоят статуи крылатых вепрей, так как Хогвартс в переводе с некоторого древнего языка означает «долина вепрей».

Школа заколдована таким образом, что для маглов она выглядит руинами с табличкой «Вход воспрещён» (Keep Out).

Электрические и электронные устройства в Хогвартсе не работают из-за слишком большого присутствия магии.

Персонал и учебная программа[править]

В Хогвартсе работает около 15 преподавателей, которые называются профессорами. Каждый профессор специализируется на одном предмете. Кроме того, в школе работает медсестра, завхоз, библиотекарь и садовник. Около сотни домовых эльфов работают на кухне и поддерживают чистоту в замке.

Все предметы, изучаемые в школе, так или иначе связаны с магией. За исключением астрономии, ни один предмет не преподаётся в обычных школах, хотя есть и похожие (зельеварение вместо химии, история магии вместо истории, нумерология вместо математики, травология вместо биологии).

Обязательных предметов семь: зельеварение, история магии, трансфигурация, заклинания, астрономия, травология и защита от тёмных искусств. Все эти предметы обязательны с 1 по 5 курс. Начиная с третьего курса, ученикам, наряду с обязательными, предлагаются факультативные предметы: прорицание, уход за магическими существами, древние руны, магловедение и нумерология.

Обучение на двух последних курсах не является обязательным. Так, например, братья Уизли в книге 5 решили уйти из школы и открыть собственный магазин волшебных изделий. На последних двух курсах ученики изучают меньше предметов, но на более углублённом уровне. Занятия становятся гораздо сложнее. Кроме того, ученик может быть и не допущен к занятиям из-за недостаточно высоких оценок.

На 6 году обучения, ученики Хогвартса могут изучать трансгрессию, с последующей сдачей экзамена. Трансгрессию преподаёт не один из преподавателей, а чиновник из Министерства Магии. К экзамену допускаются только ученики, достигшие 17 лет. Курсы трансгрессии являются платными.

Экзамены и оценки[править]

Обычные работы оцениваются по 100-бальной системе (от 0 до 100).

В конце 5 курса по всем изучаемым предметам устраиватся экзамен, называемый СОВ (Супер Отменное Волшебство или, в другом переводе, Стандартизированные Отметки Волшебников; в оригинале OWLs — Ordinary Wizarding Levels). На экзаменах СОВ есть следующие оценки:

• Положительные оценки
  • O = Outstanding (П — Превосходно)
  • E = Exceeds Expectations (В — Выше Ожидаемого)
  • A = Acceptable (У — Удовлетворительно)
• Отрицательные оценки
  • P = Poor (С — Слабо)
  • D = Dreadful (О — Отвратительно)
  • T = Troll (Т — Тролль) (эта последняя оценка сначала казалась шуткой Фреда и Джорджа Уизли, но потом оказалась настоящей).

Для продолжения занятий по данному предмету необходимо получить оценку не ниже А, хотя некоторые преподаватели требуют O. Некоторые студенты, получившие низкие оценки, продолжают в последние два года учиться на уровне СОВ.

После 7 курса ученики сдают экзамены ЖАБА — Жутко Академическая Блестящая Аттестация (в других переводах ПАУК — Претруднейшая Аттестация Умений Колдуна и ТРИТОН — Типично Решаемый Изнуряющий Tест, в оригинале NEWT — Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests). Система оценок на ЖАБА та же, что и на СОВ.

После сдачи ЖАБА выпускники устраиваются на работу. Для многих профессий или должностей в требования к кандидатам входят оценки, сдаваемые предметы и их количество на экзаменах СОВ и ЖАБА.

Логистика[править]

Каждый профессор преподаёт свой предмет или ученикам с 1-го курса по 5-й, или с 3-го по 7-й, или, возможно, с 1-го по 7-й. До 5-го курса каждому предмету отводится не менее 2 уроков в неделю. Факультеты часто посещают занятия вместе. Неоднократно упоминается, что тот или иной урок продолжался полтора часа (т.е. университетскую «пару»). Таким образом, работа преподавателей достаточно тяжелая.

Лозунг и факультеты[править]

Лозунг Хогвартса — «Draco dormiens numquam titillandus», что по-латыни означает «никогда не щекочи спящего дракона». Роулинг объяснила, что она хотела придумать практичный лозунг для Хогвартса, потому что в большинстве школ лозунги возвышенные, вроде «Ad Astra» («К Звёздам»).

Ученики Хогвартса делятся на 4 факультета (Houses), носящие имена их создателей. Они распределяются по факультетам в первый же день в школе в зависимости от их интеллекта и характера, а также, вероятно, желания принадлежать тому или иному факультету. Распределяет их Сортировочная Шляпа.

Факультеты эти:

• Гриффиндор — для благородных и храбрых, основатель Годрик Гриффиндор
• Пуффендуй — для лояльных и честных, основатель Пенелопа Пуффендуй
• Когтевран — для мудрых и умных, основатель Кандида Когтевран
• Слизерин — для амбициозных и хитрых, основатель Салазар Слизерин

Каждый факультет возглавляет декан. Декан — один из преподавателей Хогвартса, в прошлом учившийся на своём факультете. К началу действия, декан Слизерина — Северус Снегг, профессор зельеварения; декан Гриффиндора — Минерва МакГонагалл, профессор трансфигурации; декан Пуффендуя — Помона Стебль, профессор травологии; декан Когтеврана — Филиус Флитвик, профессор заклинаний.

Ежегодно проходит соревнование между факультетами, кто из них получит больше баллов. За достижения и промахи каждого студента — как академические, так и дисциплинарные — баллы могут быть начислены или сняты с его факультета. Таким образом, в Хогвартсе используются групповые поощрения и наказания. В первой книге гриффиндорцы объявляют коллективный бойкот Гарри Поттеру и его друзьям за потерю 150 баллов.

Снимать или добавлять баллы факультетам имеет право любой преподаватель. Похоже, что нет правил по поводу того, какое количество баллов снимается или добавляется в каких случаях. Северус Снегг, декан Слизерина, пользуется этим, несправедливо снимая баллы с других факультетов, в особенности с Гриффиндора.

Также баллы начисляются за высокие результаты в ежегодном турнире по квиддичу между четырьмя факультетами.

Отмеривают баллы большие заколдованные песочные часы в холле. Их четыре: по одному на каждый факультет. Вместо песчинок в них — драгоценные камни цвета факультета: рубины в гриффиндорских часах, жёлтые топазы — в пуффендуйских, сапфиры — в когтевранских, изумруды — в слизеринских). Когда баллы добавляются или снимаются с факультета, в соответствующих часах такое же количество камней падает в нижнюю половину или, наоборот, поднимается в верхнюю.

В конце каждого года факультет, набравший максимальное количество очков, выигрывает кубок.

Во главе учеников стоят старосты. Ежегодно на каждом факультете назначают старостами двух пятикурсников, юношу и девушку. Статус старосты сохраняется до окончания школы. Таким образом, на каждом факультете есть 6 старост: по 2 на пятом, шестом и седьмом курсах. Старостами назначают учеников, которые пользуются уважением на своём факультете. Старосты помогают поддерживать дисциплину и получают некоторые привилегии.

В книгах есть противоречие по поводу того, могут ли старосты снимать баллы. Во второй книге Перси Уизли, староста Гриффиндора снял 5 баллов со своего факультета за то, что обнаружил Гарри Поттера и Рона Уизли в женском туалете. В пятой же книге Эрни МакМиллан говорит, что старосты не имеют права снимать баллы у старост.

Дисциплинарные меры[править]

Кроме снятия баллов, практикуются и другие дисциплинарные меры.

Учеников могут оставить после уроков. В прошлом, если верить завхозу Аргусу Филчу, за оставление после уроков назначали пытки, например, зажимание больших пальцев в тиски. На момент повествования, ученики, оставленные после уроков, должны помогать преподавателям или персоналу в скучной или опасной работе. Интересно, что в первой книге «Гарри Поттер и Философский Камень», ученики, обнаруженные ночью вне замка, в наказание посланы, тоже ночью, в ещё более опасный Запретный Лес.

В пятой книге «Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса» профессор Долорес Амбридж, назначенная Министерством магии Главным инспектором Хогвартса, заставила Гарри Поттера писать заколдованым пером, которое одновременно с письмом на пергаменте процарапывало написанное на теле подростка (вариация на тему «писания строчек» — обычного наказания в английских школах).

Профессора могут снимать баллы или оставлять после уроков любых учеников, как за дисциплинарные нарушения, так и за плохие результаты в учёбе. Вне класса поддерживать дисциплину помогают старосты. В случае каких-либо споров, окончательное решение принимает декан факультета.

Серьёзные дисциплинарные нарушения могут караться отчислением из школы. В частности, Гарри Поттеру грозило отчисление в пятой книге «Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса» за применение магии вне школы.

Хогвартс во Всемирной паутине[править]

Во время публикации серии о Гарри Поттере в Сети появилось несколько только русскоязычных виртуальных учебных заведений, в которых велись «магические» и «историко-магические» курсы.

См. также[править]

• НИИЧаВо

Примечания[править]

Ссылки[править]

• Клуб фанатов Гарри Поттера
• How Many Students Are There At Hogwarts? By Steve Vander Ark.

Волшебный мир «Гарри Поттера» Шаблон: п·о·и
Философский камень Фильм Игра Саундтрек Тайная комната Фильм Игра Саундтрек Узник Азкабана Фильм Игра Саундтрек Кубок Огня Фильм Игра Саундтрек Орден Феникса Фильм Игра Саундтрек Принц-полукровка Фильм Игра Саундтрек Дары Смерти Фильм I Игра I Саундтрек I Фильм II Игра II Саундтрек II
Связанные книги	Предыстория • Фантастические звери и места их обитания • Квиддич с древности до наших дней • Сказки барда Бидля
Отдельные игры	Коллекционная карточная игра • Конструктор LEGO LEGO Creator: Harry Potter • Чемпионат мира по квиддичу • LEGO Гарри Поттер: 1-4 года • LEGO Гарри Поттер: 5-7 года • Уроки магии
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Группы персонажей	Дамблдоры • Реддлы • Мраксы • Дурсли • Уизли • Малфои • Штат Хогвартса
Организации	Хогвартс • Шармбатон • Министерство магии • Орден Феникса • Пожиратели смерти • Отряд Дамблдора • Ежедневный пророк • Клуб Слизней • Г.А.В.Н.Э. • Инспекционная дружина • Больница Святого Мунго
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Дж. К. Роулинг • Warner Bros. • Bloomsbury • Electronic Arts • Росмэн

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