Как пишутся воны корейские

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the history of the currency prior to 1945. For the later South and North Korean currencies, see South Korean won and North Korean won. For the former online gaming service, see World Opponent Network.

Korean won

圓 / 원 (Korean)
A half won (半圜) coin issued in 1905.
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	jeon (錢)
Demographics
Date of introduction	1902
Replaced	Korean yang
Replaced by	Korean yen and Japanese yen
User(s)	Korean Empire
Valuation
Pegged with	Japanese yen = 1 won
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.

The Korean won (^[1] Korean: 원 (圓), Korean pronunciation: [wʌn]) or Korean Empire won (Korean: 대한제국 원), was the official currency of the Korean Empire between 1902 and 1910. It was subdivided into 100 jeon (;^[2] Korean: 전 (錢), Korean pronunciation: [tɕʌn]).

Korean won
Hunminjeongeum	원, 전
Hanja	圓, 錢
Revised Romanization	won, jeon
McCune–Reischauer	wŏn, chŏn

Etymology[edit]

Won is a cognate of the Chinese yuan and Japanese yen, which were both derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar. It is derived from the hanja 圓 (원, won), meaning «round», which describes the shape of the silver dollar.

History[edit]

The Korean won, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen were all derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar, a coin widely used for international trade between Asia and the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries.

On May 22, 1901 the Korean Empire adopted the gold standard in response to many other countries doing the same.^[3] The won was introduced in 1902, replacing the yang at a rate of 1 won = 10 yang. Units: 1 won = 100 jeon (錢), 1 jeon = 5 bun (分, «fun» ec. yesteryear spellings) of the preceding currency. Gold coins were produced in the denominations of 5, 10, and 20 won. All of these coins had a composition of 90% gold and 10% copper.^[3] Another notable feature of these coins is that they, unlike the earlier yang coinage, contained no English inscriptions as they only contained Chinese and Hangul legends.^[3]

As a part of the Russian influence in Korea at the time the Koreans introduced a small number of «Russified» coins between the years 1901 and 1902, but these coins would prove to be unsuccessful as they were swept away by the flood of cupronickel coins.^[4]

The disagreements between the Japanese and Russian Empires led to the Russo-Japanese War when Japan attacked Port Arthur in Russian Dalian and Incheon in Korea, the war ended in a Japanese victory, Japan occupied the Kwantung Leased Territory and the Korean peninsula.^[4] The Japanese immediately took control over Korean financial matters. On October 16, 1904 the Koreans accepted Baron Megata Tanetarō from the Japanese Ministry of Finance as financial adviser to their government,^[5][6][4] Megata was assigned to assume complete jurisdiction over Korea’s finances.^[7] When Megata arrived in Korea, he told Sir John Newell Jordan, who was the British Minister-Resident in Korea at the time, that the Japanese protectorate over Korea was being modeled on British rule in Egypt.^[8] One of the first recommendations by Baron Megata was to close all Korean Mints and commence a reform of the Korean currency. One of the primary policy he proposed was removing the cupronickel coins from circulation.^[4]

After the Japanese had pressured the Korean Mint Bureau, which had been striking coins for 20 years, to close in November of the year 1904,^[3] all gold coins of the won were produced at the Japan Mint in Osaka (日本大阪造幣局).^[3] In 1905 the Japan Mint began to produce the Korean won’s new coinage, this entirely new series was modeled almost exactly on the patterns of contemporary Japanese coins and even used the same planchets.^[4]

As the coins of the Korean won were being struck on the same planchets as the Japanese yen, when the Japanese would reduce the weight of the minor coinages of the yen in 1906, the weights and sizes of Korean coins were also reduced in 1907.^[4] This was also because the Japanese and Korean coins were circulating as equivalents to each other in exchange at the time.^[4]

In the year 1907 the imperial Korean government had designated the Japanese Dai-Ichi Bank to carry out the monetary reforms that were suggested by the Japanese adviser to Korea Baron Megata Tanetarō.^[4] The Dai-Ichi Bank attempted to withdraw the cupronickel coinage, recall the yeopjeon, and help circulate the newly introduced coinage that was minted in Osaka. During this era Korean cash coins were still largely circulating in the regions of southern and north-eastern Korea.^[4] The task of withdrawing the cupronickel coinage from circulation proved to not be an easy one because of the substantial number of counterfeit cupronickel coins that were circulating in Korea at the time, these counterfeit coins were redeemed by the Dai-Ichi Bank at reduced rates from the «official» cupronickel coins; during the exchange process, it was assumed by everybody that theirs cupronickel were «official» cupronickel coins and demanded the maximum exchange rate.^[4] The withdrawal of copper-alloy Korean cash coins was made easier due to a global rise in the price of copper, during this era thousands of pounds of copper-alloy Korean cash coins were exported at a profit.^[4]

In the year 1908, Korea was hit by a panic when the value of nickel dropped significantly, this led to the Korean public quickly exchanging their cupronickel at the banks.^[9] A staggering amount of 266.480,000 of cupronickel coins were exchanged during this panic.^[9] This panic would lead to the demonetisation of the Korean cupronickel coinage in November 1908.^[9] In the year 1909 there were supposedly 4,000,000 of 5 jeon nickel coins that were struck at the Japan Mint, however, most were melted down due to their demonetised status.^[9] Copper coins during this period were not affected by the panic exchange. Older coins collected by the banks from July 1905 to October 1907 resulted to be more than 375 tonnes. If it assumed that only cupronickel 5 fun coins of 7 grams were collected by the banks, more than 53,000,000 would have been collected from general circulation.^[9]

After 1908, circulation of the old cupronickel coins was outlawed by the imperial Korean government, while the cast copper-alloy cash coins remained to be legal tender in Korea at a value of 0.2 jeon, which meant that they had a nominal value of 1⁄500 won.^[4]

Prince Hirobumi Ito pointed out to the Korean government the anomalous situation of having a foreign (Japanese) commercial bank as the central bank of their government and recommended that the Koreans create their own central bank in the same way that others nations had, ^[4] and so in 1909, the Bank of Korea (한국은행; 韓國銀行) was founded in Seoul as a central bank and began issuing currency of a modern type.^[4] And on 10 November 1909 many of the functions of the Dai-Ichi Bank were passed onto the newly established Bank of Korea.^[4]

The Bank of Korea assumed responsibility for the banknotes issued by the Dai-Ichi Bank that were still in circulation (which totalled 12,000,000 yen), the Dai-Ichi Bank would further transfer to the Bank of Korea the 4,000,000 yen in specie reserves which backed its banknotes. The balance was converted by the Bank of Korea to an interest-free 20-year loan to the Dai-Ichi Bank.^[4]

In the year 1910 the Japanese had formally annexed Korea, this meant that Korea’s native currency system would become an arm of the Japanese currency system.^[4] As a part of the reforms of Korea during the colonial period Korean coinage was suspended;^[4] Japanese coinage was then introduced to the peninsula to replace it, although the Japanese created no «crash» program of recall,^[4] nine years later in 1919 as much as 25% of all Korean won coins remained in circulation as only 75% of the Korean coinage had been withdrawn by the Japanese.^[4]

The won was equivalent to the Japanese yen and was replaced by the Korean yen in 1910 during the Colonial Era. In 1910, the Bank of Korea was renamed the Bank of Joseon (Korean: 조선은행; 朝鮮銀行), which issued notes denominated in yen and sen.

Coins[edit]

Coins were minted in the denominations of 1⁄2, 1, 5, 10 and 20 jeon, 1⁄2, 5, 10 and 20 won.^[3] The coins all carried the title of the «state», Daehan (대한; 大韓),^[3] and the Korean era name, Gwangmu (광무; 光武) and then Yunghui (융희; 隆熙), whilst the specifications were equivalent to the coins of the Japanese yen.^[3]

In 1906 Korea’s first gold coinage was created, in denominations of 5 won, 10 won, and 20 won.^[4] These coins were also of identical weight and fineness to their Japanese counterparts, but used a dragon which was similar to the previous generation of Japanese yen gold coins in their designs.^[4]

The dragon symbol was replaced by the phoenix on the 1⁄2 jeon, 1 jeon, and 5 jeon coins when these coins started being produced by the Japan Mint.^[3]

List of coins of the Korean won:^[3]

Korean Won Coins
Obverse	Reverse	Denomination	Composition	Diameter (in millimeters)	Weight (in grams)	Thickness (in millimeters)	Years of production
		1⁄2 jeon (半錢)[10]	95% copper, 4% tin, 1% zinc	21.9 (1906) 19.1 (1907–1910)	3.4 (1906) 2.1 (1907–1910)	1.5 (1906) 1 (1907–1910)	1906–1910
		1 jeon (一錢)	98% copper, 1% tin, 1% zinc	28 (1905–1906) 22.5 (1907–1910)	7.1 (1905–1906) 4.1 (1907–1910)	1.5 (1905–1906) 1 (1907–1910)	1905–1910
		5 jeon (五錢)	Cupronickel (75% copper and 25% nickel)	20.8	4	2	1905, 1907, and 1909
		10 jeon (十錢)[11][12][13]	800‰ silver, 200‰ copper	17.6	2.5, 2.25 (1907 only)	1.5	1906–1910
		20 jeon (二十錢)[14][15][16]	22.8 (1905–1906) 20.3 (1907–1910)	5.4 (1905–1906) 4 (1907–1910)	1.5	1905–1910
	1⁄2 won (半圜)[17][18][19]	31 (1905–1906) 27.5 (1907–1908)	13.5 (1905–1906) 10.13 (1907–1908)	2	1905–1908
		5 won (五圜)[20]	900‰ gold, 100‰ copper	17	4.1666	1	1908–1909
		10 won (十圜)[21][22]	21.2	8.3	1.5	1906 and 1909
	20 won (二十圜)[23][24]	28.8	16.667	2	1906, 1908, and 1909

Rare coins[edit]

• There is some question as to whether or not any 1⁄2 jeon coins were minted in the year Gwangmu 11.^[3]

• The 1⁄2 jeon coins minted in the years 1907 (隆熙元年) and 1910 (隆熙四年) are known to be very scarce.^[3]

• In September 2011 a 5 jeon coin from 1909 was at auction for $138,000.^[3]

• The 5 won gold coins are dated to have been produced in the years 1908 (隆熙二年) and 1909 (隆熙三年).^[3] Only two known pieces of the 1909 version of the 5 won are known to be extent, one of these pieces was sold at an auction for $460,000 in September 2011.^[3]

• The 10 won gold coins are dated to have been produced in the years 1906 (光武十年) and 1909 (隆熙三年).^[3] Only two known pieces of the 1909 version of the coin are known to be extent with one specimen of this series being sold at an auction for $299,000 in September 2011.^[3]

• The 20 won gold coins are dated to have been produced in the years 1906 (光武十年), 1908 (隆熙二年), and 1909 (隆熙三年).^[3] Only two specimens of the 1909 coin are known to be extent with one specimen of this series being sold at an auction for $632,500 in September 2011.^[3]

Banknotes[edit]

No banknotes were issued denominated in won. However, Korean yen notes were issued by Dai-Ichi Ginko (First National Bank (of Japan), 주식회사제일은행, 株式會社第一銀行). The Dai-Ichi Bank’s role as treasury bank for the imperial Korean government, its responsibility for recalling the old cupronickel and Korean cash coinage, and the fact that this bank issued the only banknotes that ever gained universal acceptance in Korea at the time emphasised the fact that the Dai-Ichi Bank held a status of being the de facto «Central Bank of Korea» until the founding of the Bank of Korea.^[4]

Both local banks and quasi-governmental firms had tried to establish a paper money system in Korea during this era, but none of their issues seemed to have been readily accepted by the public.^[4] The Dai-Ichi Bank had petitioned the imperial Japanese government to be granted permission to issue banknotes in Korea, to augment the demonetised Japanese yen coins that it was importing, this was because in the year 1885 the imperial government had monopolised the issuing of banknotes and prohibited banks from doing this in Japan.^[4]

After the imperial Japanese government has granted this permission, the Dai-Ichi Bank released banknotes in the year 1902 that were printed by the Japanese Finance Ministry Printing Bureau.^[4] In Southern Korea they were well received in the trade port cities, but faced rejection in the Russian influenced cities of Seoul and Incheon. This was because of the ongoing rivalry between Japan and Russia. In the year 1902 the Russians successfully petitioned the Korean government to ban all banknotes issued by the Dai-Ichi Bank, but this ban only lasted for a few months.^[4]

The Dai-Ichi Bank had enough fiscal and economic strength to redeem every banknote that was presented to them when they were banned from circulating, later the Dai-Ichi Bank was able to withstand yet another run on its banknotes, this meant that public confidence in the issues of the Dai-Ichi Bank grew in Korea which helped the bank succeed.^[4]

In the year 1905 the Dai-Ichi Bank had been designated the «treasury bank» for the Korean government, which meant that it served as the Korean government’s agent for depositories and disbursing finances.^[4]

The Dai-Ichi Bank would issue fractional denomination banknotes (banknotes with denominations smaller than 1 yen) for the Imperial Japanese Army soldiers that were operating in northern Korea and Manchuria.^[4] Since these banknotes were printed by the Japanese Ministry of Finance, they were almost identical to the banknotes issued by the imperial Japanese government themselves for these same soldiers.^[4] The fractional banknotes issued by the Dai-Ichi Bank were seen as being very convenient, and were soon circulating all over the Korean peninsula.^[4]

Following the establishment of the Bank of Korea, it would immediately begin to issue its own banknotes, these new banknotes were redeemable «in gold or Nippon Ginko notes.»^[4] Most of the reserves held by the Bank of Korea at the time were banknotes issued by the Bank of Japan and commercial paper.^[4]

Korean «Eagle» coins[edit]

Following the Japanese victory during the First Sino-Japanese War, the Qing dynasty’s influence over the Korean peninsula was replaced by that of the Japanese Empire.^[3] Furthermore China’s weakened position during this era allowed for the interests of the Russian Empire in the Far East to expand significantly as well.^[3] The Russian Empire sent Mr. Alexiev as the financial advisor to Korea. On March 1, 1898 the first branch of the Russo-Korean Bank in Asia was established.^[3] In the year 1901, Alexiev authorised the minting of a new set of three coins, these were Korean «Eagle» coins were issued by the Russo-Korean Bank.^[3]

These coins are known as the Korean «Eagle» coins because the fact that instead of having a Korean dragon or Korean phoenix in their design they have an crowned eagle based on the coat of arms of Russia.^[3] All of the Korean «Eagle» coins were minted at the Yongsan Mint (龍山典局).^[3] These coins would prove to be unsuccessful as they were swept away by the flood of cupronickel coins.^[4]

The Russo-Korean bank also created a set of experimental coins (or «trial coins») that were produced but never saw any circulation. This unissued coin series included a copper 10 won (十圜), a copper 20 won (二十圜), and a silver «half dollar» (半圜, «half won»).^[3] While all of these unissued Korean «Eagle» coins were reportedly minted in the year 1901, the coins display various other dates such as 1899, 1901, 1902, or 1903.^[3]

Following the Japanese victory during the Russo-Japanese War and Korea becoming a Japanese protectorate under the Eulsa Treaty, the Japanese would confiscate and destroy almost all Korean «Eagle» coins.^[3] Because of this, surviving Korean «Eagle» coins are extremely rare.^[3]

List of issued Korean «Eagle» coins:^[3]

Korean «Eagle» Coins Issued by the Russo-Korean Bank
Obverse	Reverse	Denomination	Composition	Diameter (in millimeters)	Weight (in grams)	Thickness (in millimeters)	Years of production
		1 jeon (一錢)[25]	98% copper, 1% tin, 1% zinc	28	8		1902 (光武六年)
		5 jeon (五錢)[26]	Cupronickel (75% copper, 25% nickel)	20.5	5.4		1902 (光武六年)
		1⁄2 won (半圜)[27]	90% silver, 10% copper	30.9	13.5	2	1901 (光武五年)

List of unissued Korean «Eagle» pattern coins:^[3]

Unissued Korean «Eagle» pattern coins created by the Russo-Korean Bank
Obverse	Reverse	Denomination	Composition	Diameter (in millimeters)	Weight (in grams)	Thickness (in millimeters)	Dates on the coins
		10 won (十圜)[28]	Copper				1903 (光武七年)
		20 won (二十圜)[29]	Copper				1902 (光武六年)

Rare Korean «Eagle» coins[edit]

• A specimen of a 1 jeon Korean «Eagle» coin dated 1902 (光武六年) sold at an auction for $149,500 in September 2011.^[3]

• A specimen of a 20 won Korean «Eagle» coin dated 1902 (光武六年) sold at the same auction as the coin above for $115,000 in September 2011.^[3]

See also[edit]

• Names of Korea
• Economy of South Korea
• Economy of North Korea

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Schuler, Kurt. «Tables of Modern Monetary History: Asia». Retrieved 2004-02-29.
• Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (2003). 2004 Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901–Present. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (31st ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873495934.
• Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (2004). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1900. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (4th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873497988.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the history of the currency prior to 1945. For the later South and North Korean currencies, see South Korean won and North Korean won. For the former online gaming service, see World Opponent Network.

Korean won

圓 / 원 (Korean)
A half won (半圜) coin issued in 1905.
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	jeon (錢)
Demographics
Date of introduction	1902
Replaced	Korean yang
Replaced by	Korean yen and Japanese yen
User(s)	Korean Empire
Valuation
Pegged with	Japanese yen = 1 won
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.

The Korean won (^[1] Korean: 원 (圓), Korean pronunciation: [wʌn]) or Korean Empire won (Korean: 대한제국 원), was the official currency of the Korean Empire between 1902 and 1910. It was subdivided into 100 jeon (;^[2] Korean: 전 (錢), Korean pronunciation: [tɕʌn]).

Korean won
Hunminjeongeum	원, 전
Hanja	圓, 錢
Revised Romanization	won, jeon
McCune–Reischauer	wŏn, chŏn

Etymology[edit]

Won is a cognate of the Chinese yuan and Japanese yen, which were both derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar. It is derived from the hanja 圓 (원, won), meaning «round», which describes the shape of the silver dollar.

History[edit]

The Korean won, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen were all derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar, a coin widely used for international trade between Asia and the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries.

On May 22, 1901 the Korean Empire adopted the gold standard in response to many other countries doing the same.^[3] The won was introduced in 1902, replacing the yang at a rate of 1 won = 10 yang. Units: 1 won = 100 jeon (錢), 1 jeon = 5 bun (分, «fun» ec. yesteryear spellings) of the preceding currency. Gold coins were produced in the denominations of 5, 10, and 20 won. All of these coins had a composition of 90% gold and 10% copper.^[3] Another notable feature of these coins is that they, unlike the earlier yang coinage, contained no English inscriptions as they only contained Chinese and Hangul legends.^[3]

As a part of the Russian influence in Korea at the time the Koreans introduced a small number of «Russified» coins between the years 1901 and 1902, but these coins would prove to be unsuccessful as they were swept away by the flood of cupronickel coins.^[4]

The disagreements between the Japanese and Russian Empires led to the Russo-Japanese War when Japan attacked Port Arthur in Russian Dalian and Incheon in Korea, the war ended in a Japanese victory, Japan occupied the Kwantung Leased Territory and the Korean peninsula.^[4] The Japanese immediately took control over Korean financial matters. On October 16, 1904 the Koreans accepted Baron Megata Tanetarō from the Japanese Ministry of Finance as financial adviser to their government,^[5][6][4] Megata was assigned to assume complete jurisdiction over Korea’s finances.^[7] When Megata arrived in Korea, he told Sir John Newell Jordan, who was the British Minister-Resident in Korea at the time, that the Japanese protectorate over Korea was being modeled on British rule in Egypt.^[8] One of the first recommendations by Baron Megata was to close all Korean Mints and commence a reform of the Korean currency. One of the primary policy he proposed was removing the cupronickel coins from circulation.^[4]

After the Japanese had pressured the Korean Mint Bureau, which had been striking coins for 20 years, to close in November of the year 1904,^[3] all gold coins of the won were produced at the Japan Mint in Osaka (日本大阪造幣局).^[3] In 1905 the Japan Mint began to produce the Korean won’s new coinage, this entirely new series was modeled almost exactly on the patterns of contemporary Japanese coins and even used the same planchets.^[4]

As the coins of the Korean won were being struck on the same planchets as the Japanese yen, when the Japanese would reduce the weight of the minor coinages of the yen in 1906, the weights and sizes of Korean coins were also reduced in 1907.^[4] This was also because the Japanese and Korean coins were circulating as equivalents to each other in exchange at the time.^[4]

In the year 1907 the imperial Korean government had designated the Japanese Dai-Ichi Bank to carry out the monetary reforms that were suggested by the Japanese adviser to Korea Baron Megata Tanetarō.^[4] The Dai-Ichi Bank attempted to withdraw the cupronickel coinage, recall the yeopjeon, and help circulate the newly introduced coinage that was minted in Osaka. During this era Korean cash coins were still largely circulating in the regions of southern and north-eastern Korea.^[4] The task of withdrawing the cupronickel coinage from circulation proved to not be an easy one because of the substantial number of counterfeit cupronickel coins that were circulating in Korea at the time, these counterfeit coins were redeemed by the Dai-Ichi Bank at reduced rates from the «official» cupronickel coins; during the exchange process, it was assumed by everybody that theirs cupronickel were «official» cupronickel coins and demanded the maximum exchange rate.^[4] The withdrawal of copper-alloy Korean cash coins was made easier due to a global rise in the price of copper, during this era thousands of pounds of copper-alloy Korean cash coins were exported at a profit.^[4]

In the year 1908, Korea was hit by a panic when the value of nickel dropped significantly, this led to the Korean public quickly exchanging their cupronickel at the banks.^[9] A staggering amount of 266.480,000 of cupronickel coins were exchanged during this panic.^[9] This panic would lead to the demonetisation of the Korean cupronickel coinage in November 1908.^[9] In the year 1909 there were supposedly 4,000,000 of 5 jeon nickel coins that were struck at the Japan Mint, however, most were melted down due to their demonetised status.^[9] Copper coins during this period were not affected by the panic exchange. Older coins collected by the banks from July 1905 to October 1907 resulted to be more than 375 tonnes. If it assumed that only cupronickel 5 fun coins of 7 grams were collected by the banks, more than 53,000,000 would have been collected from general circulation.^[9]

After 1908, circulation of the old cupronickel coins was outlawed by the imperial Korean government, while the cast copper-alloy cash coins remained to be legal tender in Korea at a value of 0.2 jeon, which meant that they had a nominal value of 1⁄500 won.^[4]

Prince Hirobumi Ito pointed out to the Korean government the anomalous situation of having a foreign (Japanese) commercial bank as the central bank of their government and recommended that the Koreans create their own central bank in the same way that others nations had, ^[4] and so in 1909, the Bank of Korea (한국은행; 韓國銀行) was founded in Seoul as a central bank and began issuing currency of a modern type.^[4] And on 10 November 1909 many of the functions of the Dai-Ichi Bank were passed onto the newly established Bank of Korea.^[4]

The Bank of Korea assumed responsibility for the banknotes issued by the Dai-Ichi Bank that were still in circulation (which totalled 12,000,000 yen), the Dai-Ichi Bank would further transfer to the Bank of Korea the 4,000,000 yen in specie reserves which backed its banknotes. The balance was converted by the Bank of Korea to an interest-free 20-year loan to the Dai-Ichi Bank.^[4]

In the year 1910 the Japanese had formally annexed Korea, this meant that Korea’s native currency system would become an arm of the Japanese currency system.^[4] As a part of the reforms of Korea during the colonial period Korean coinage was suspended;^[4] Japanese coinage was then introduced to the peninsula to replace it, although the Japanese created no «crash» program of recall,^[4] nine years later in 1919 as much as 25% of all Korean won coins remained in circulation as only 75% of the Korean coinage had been withdrawn by the Japanese.^[4]

The won was equivalent to the Japanese yen and was replaced by the Korean yen in 1910 during the Colonial Era. In 1910, the Bank of Korea was renamed the Bank of Joseon (Korean: 조선은행; 朝鮮銀行), which issued notes denominated in yen and sen.

Coins[edit]

Coins were minted in the denominations of 1⁄2, 1, 5, 10 and 20 jeon, 1⁄2, 5, 10 and 20 won.^[3] The coins all carried the title of the «state», Daehan (대한; 大韓),^[3] and the Korean era name, Gwangmu (광무; 光武) and then Yunghui (융희; 隆熙), whilst the specifications were equivalent to the coins of the Japanese yen.^[3]

In 1906 Korea’s first gold coinage was created, in denominations of 5 won, 10 won, and 20 won.^[4] These coins were also of identical weight and fineness to their Japanese counterparts, but used a dragon which was similar to the previous generation of Japanese yen gold coins in their designs.^[4]

The dragon symbol was replaced by the phoenix on the 1⁄2 jeon, 1 jeon, and 5 jeon coins when these coins started being produced by the Japan Mint.^[3]

List of coins of the Korean won:^[3]

Korean Won Coins
Obverse	Reverse	Denomination	Composition	Diameter (in millimeters)	Weight (in grams)	Thickness (in millimeters)	Years of production
		1⁄2 jeon (半錢)[10]	95% copper, 4% tin, 1% zinc	21.9 (1906) 19.1 (1907–1910)	3.4 (1906) 2.1 (1907–1910)	1.5 (1906) 1 (1907–1910)	1906–1910
		1 jeon (一錢)	98% copper, 1% tin, 1% zinc	28 (1905–1906) 22.5 (1907–1910)	7.1 (1905–1906) 4.1 (1907–1910)	1.5 (1905–1906) 1 (1907–1910)	1905–1910
		5 jeon (五錢)	Cupronickel (75% copper and 25% nickel)	20.8	4	2	1905, 1907, and 1909
		10 jeon (十錢)[11][12][13]	800‰ silver, 200‰ copper	17.6	2.5, 2.25 (1907 only)	1.5	1906–1910
		20 jeon (二十錢)[14][15][16]	22.8 (1905–1906) 20.3 (1907–1910)	5.4 (1905–1906) 4 (1907–1910)	1.5	1905–1910
	1⁄2 won (半圜)[17][18][19]	31 (1905–1906) 27.5 (1907–1908)	13.5 (1905–1906) 10.13 (1907–1908)	2	1905–1908
		5 won (五圜)[20]	900‰ gold, 100‰ copper	17	4.1666	1	1908–1909
		10 won (十圜)[21][22]	21.2	8.3	1.5	1906 and 1909
	20 won (二十圜)[23][24]	28.8	16.667	2	1906, 1908, and 1909

Rare coins[edit]

• There is some question as to whether or not any 1⁄2 jeon coins were minted in the year Gwangmu 11.^[3]

• The 1⁄2 jeon coins minted in the years 1907 (隆熙元年) and 1910 (隆熙四年) are known to be very scarce.^[3]

• In September 2011 a 5 jeon coin from 1909 was at auction for $138,000.^[3]

• The 5 won gold coins are dated to have been produced in the years 1908 (隆熙二年) and 1909 (隆熙三年).^[3] Only two known pieces of the 1909 version of the 5 won are known to be extent, one of these pieces was sold at an auction for $460,000 in September 2011.^[3]

• The 10 won gold coins are dated to have been produced in the years 1906 (光武十年) and 1909 (隆熙三年).^[3] Only two known pieces of the 1909 version of the coin are known to be extent with one specimen of this series being sold at an auction for $299,000 in September 2011.^[3]

• The 20 won gold coins are dated to have been produced in the years 1906 (光武十年), 1908 (隆熙二年), and 1909 (隆熙三年).^[3] Only two specimens of the 1909 coin are known to be extent with one specimen of this series being sold at an auction for $632,500 in September 2011.^[3]

Banknotes[edit]

No banknotes were issued denominated in won. However, Korean yen notes were issued by Dai-Ichi Ginko (First National Bank (of Japan), 주식회사제일은행, 株式會社第一銀行). The Dai-Ichi Bank’s role as treasury bank for the imperial Korean government, its responsibility for recalling the old cupronickel and Korean cash coinage, and the fact that this bank issued the only banknotes that ever gained universal acceptance in Korea at the time emphasised the fact that the Dai-Ichi Bank held a status of being the de facto «Central Bank of Korea» until the founding of the Bank of Korea.^[4]

Both local banks and quasi-governmental firms had tried to establish a paper money system in Korea during this era, but none of their issues seemed to have been readily accepted by the public.^[4] The Dai-Ichi Bank had petitioned the imperial Japanese government to be granted permission to issue banknotes in Korea, to augment the demonetised Japanese yen coins that it was importing, this was because in the year 1885 the imperial government had monopolised the issuing of banknotes and prohibited banks from doing this in Japan.^[4]

After the imperial Japanese government has granted this permission, the Dai-Ichi Bank released banknotes in the year 1902 that were printed by the Japanese Finance Ministry Printing Bureau.^[4] In Southern Korea they were well received in the trade port cities, but faced rejection in the Russian influenced cities of Seoul and Incheon. This was because of the ongoing rivalry between Japan and Russia. In the year 1902 the Russians successfully petitioned the Korean government to ban all banknotes issued by the Dai-Ichi Bank, but this ban only lasted for a few months.^[4]

The Dai-Ichi Bank had enough fiscal and economic strength to redeem every banknote that was presented to them when they were banned from circulating, later the Dai-Ichi Bank was able to withstand yet another run on its banknotes, this meant that public confidence in the issues of the Dai-Ichi Bank grew in Korea which helped the bank succeed.^[4]

In the year 1905 the Dai-Ichi Bank had been designated the «treasury bank» for the Korean government, which meant that it served as the Korean government’s agent for depositories and disbursing finances.^[4]

The Dai-Ichi Bank would issue fractional denomination banknotes (banknotes with denominations smaller than 1 yen) for the Imperial Japanese Army soldiers that were operating in northern Korea and Manchuria.^[4] Since these banknotes were printed by the Japanese Ministry of Finance, they were almost identical to the banknotes issued by the imperial Japanese government themselves for these same soldiers.^[4] The fractional banknotes issued by the Dai-Ichi Bank were seen as being very convenient, and were soon circulating all over the Korean peninsula.^[4]

Following the establishment of the Bank of Korea, it would immediately begin to issue its own banknotes, these new banknotes were redeemable «in gold or Nippon Ginko notes.»^[4] Most of the reserves held by the Bank of Korea at the time were banknotes issued by the Bank of Japan and commercial paper.^[4]

Korean «Eagle» coins[edit]

Following the Japanese victory during the First Sino-Japanese War, the Qing dynasty’s influence over the Korean peninsula was replaced by that of the Japanese Empire.^[3] Furthermore China’s weakened position during this era allowed for the interests of the Russian Empire in the Far East to expand significantly as well.^[3] The Russian Empire sent Mr. Alexiev as the financial advisor to Korea. On March 1, 1898 the first branch of the Russo-Korean Bank in Asia was established.^[3] In the year 1901, Alexiev authorised the minting of a new set of three coins, these were Korean «Eagle» coins were issued by the Russo-Korean Bank.^[3]

These coins are known as the Korean «Eagle» coins because the fact that instead of having a Korean dragon or Korean phoenix in their design they have an crowned eagle based on the coat of arms of Russia.^[3] All of the Korean «Eagle» coins were minted at the Yongsan Mint (龍山典局).^[3] These coins would prove to be unsuccessful as they were swept away by the flood of cupronickel coins.^[4]

The Russo-Korean bank also created a set of experimental coins (or «trial coins») that were produced but never saw any circulation. This unissued coin series included a copper 10 won (十圜), a copper 20 won (二十圜), and a silver «half dollar» (半圜, «half won»).^[3] While all of these unissued Korean «Eagle» coins were reportedly minted in the year 1901, the coins display various other dates such as 1899, 1901, 1902, or 1903.^[3]

Following the Japanese victory during the Russo-Japanese War and Korea becoming a Japanese protectorate under the Eulsa Treaty, the Japanese would confiscate and destroy almost all Korean «Eagle» coins.^[3] Because of this, surviving Korean «Eagle» coins are extremely rare.^[3]

List of issued Korean «Eagle» coins:^[3]

Korean «Eagle» Coins Issued by the Russo-Korean Bank
Obverse	Reverse	Denomination	Composition	Diameter (in millimeters)	Weight (in grams)	Thickness (in millimeters)	Years of production
		1 jeon (一錢)[25]	98% copper, 1% tin, 1% zinc	28	8		1902 (光武六年)
		5 jeon (五錢)[26]	Cupronickel (75% copper, 25% nickel)	20.5	5.4		1902 (光武六年)
		1⁄2 won (半圜)[27]	90% silver, 10% copper	30.9	13.5	2	1901 (光武五年)

List of unissued Korean «Eagle» pattern coins:^[3]

Unissued Korean «Eagle» pattern coins created by the Russo-Korean Bank
Obverse	Reverse	Denomination	Composition	Diameter (in millimeters)	Weight (in grams)	Thickness (in millimeters)	Dates on the coins
		10 won (十圜)[28]	Copper				1903 (光武七年)
		20 won (二十圜)[29]	Copper				1902 (光武六年)

Rare Korean «Eagle» coins[edit]

• A specimen of a 1 jeon Korean «Eagle» coin dated 1902 (光武六年) sold at an auction for $149,500 in September 2011.^[3]

• A specimen of a 20 won Korean «Eagle» coin dated 1902 (光武六年) sold at the same auction as the coin above for $115,000 in September 2011.^[3]

See also[edit]

• Names of Korea
• Economy of South Korea
• Economy of North Korea

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Schuler, Kurt. «Tables of Modern Monetary History: Asia». Retrieved 2004-02-29.
• Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (2003). 2004 Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901–Present. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (31st ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873495934.
• Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (2004). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1900. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (4th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873497988.

This article is about the official currency of South Korea. For the official currency of North Korea (ISO 4217 code KPW), see North Korean won.

Not to be confused with the Korean won, the official currency of the Korean Empire from 1902 to 1910.

South Korean won

대한민국 원 (Korean)
ISO 4217
Code	KRW (numeric: 410)
Unit
Unit	won
Plural	The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.
Symbol	₩‎
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	jeon (전/錢) Theoretical (not used)
Banknotes
Freq. used	₩1,000, ₩5,000, ₩10,000, ₩50,000
Rarely used	₩2,000
Coins
Freq. used	₩10, ₩50, ₩100, ₩500
Rarely used	₩1, ₩5
Demographics
User(s)	South Korea
Issuance
Central bank	Bank of Korea
Website	eng.bok.or.kr
Printer	Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation
Website	english.komsco.com
Mint	Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation
Website	english.komsco.com
Valuation
Inflation	1.3% (Feb 2016, Year-on-Year % Change)
Source	February 2016[1]

South Korean won
Hangul	대한민국 원
Hanja	大韓民國 원
Revised Romanization	Daehanmin(-)guk won
McCune–Reischauer	Taehanmin’guk wŏn
The current won (원) does not officially have any hanja associated with it.[2][3]

The Korean Republic won, unofficially the South Korean won (Symbol: ₩; Code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원) is the official currency of South Korea. A single won is divided into 100 jeon, the monetary subunit. The jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions, and it appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul.

Etymology[edit]

The old «won» was a cognate of the Chinese yuan and Japanese yen, which were both derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar. It is derived from the hanja 圓 (원, won), meaning «round», which describes the shape of the silver dollar.

The won was subdivided into 100 jeon (Korean: 전; Hanja: 錢; RR: jeon; MR: chŏn), itself a cognate of the Chinese unit of weight mace and synonymous with money in general. The current won (1962 to present) is written in hangul only and does not officially have any hanja associated with it.^[2][3]

First South Korean won[edit]

History[edit]

The Korean won, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen were all derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar, a coin widely used for international trade between Asia and the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries.

During the colonial era under the Japanese (1910–45), the won was replaced by the Korean yen which was at par with the Japanese Yen.

After World War II ended in 1945, Korea was divided, resulting in two separate currencies, both called won, for the South and the North. Both the Southern won and the Northern won replaced the yen at par. The first South Korean won was subdivided into 100 jeon.

The South Korean won initially had a fixed exchange rate to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 15 won to 1 dollar. A series of devaluations followed, the later ones, in part, due to the Korean War (1950–53). The pegs were:

Pegs for the first South Korean won

Date introduced	Value of U.S. dollar in won
October, 1945	15
July 15, 1947	50
October 1, 1948	450
June 14, 1949	900 (non-government transactions only)
May 1, 1950	1,800
November 1, 1950	2,500
April 1, 1951	6,000

The first South Korean won was replaced by the hwan on February 15, 1953, at a rate of 1 hwan = 100 won.^[4]

Banknotes[edit]

In 1946, the Bank of Joseon introduced 10 and 100 won notes. These were followed in 1949 by 5 and 1,000 won notes.

A new central bank, the Bank of Korea, was established on 12 June 1950,^[5] and assumed the duties of Bank of Joseon. Notes were introduced (some dated 1949) in denominations of 5, 10 and 50 jeon, and 100 and 1,000 won. The 500 won notes were introduced in 1952. In 1953, a series of banknotes was issued which, although it gave the denominations in English in won, were, in fact, the first issues of the hwan.

Second South Korean won[edit]

History[edit]

The won was reintroduced on June 10, 1962, at a rate of 1 won = 10 hwan. It became the sole legal tender on March 22, 1975, with the withdrawal of the last circulating hwan coins. Its ISO 4217 code is KRW. At the reintroduction of the won in 1962, its value was pegged at 125 won = US$1. The following pegs operated between 1962 and 1980:

Pegs for the second South Korean won

Date introduced	Value of U.S. dollar in won
June 10, 1962	125
May 3, 1964	255
August 3, 1972	400
December 7, 1974	480
January 12, 1980	580

On February 27, 1980, efforts were initiated to lead to a floating exchange rate. The won was finally allowed to float on December 24, 1997, when an agreement was signed with the International Monetary Fund.^[6] Shortly after, the won was devalued to almost half of its value, as part of the 1997 Asian financial crisis.

Coins[edit]

Until 1966, 10 and 50 hwan coins, revalued as 1 and 5 won, were the only coins in circulation. New coins, denominated in won, were introduced by the Bank of Korea on August 16, 1966, in denominations of 1, 5 and 10 won, with the 1 won struck in brass and the 5 and 10 won in bronze. These were the first South Korean coins to display the date in the common era, earlier coins having used the Korean calendar. The 10 and 50 hwan coins were demonetized on March 22, 1975.^[7]

In 1968, as the intrinsic value of the brass 1 won coin far surpassed its face value, new aluminium 1 won coins were issued to replace them. As an attempt to further reduce currency production costs, new 5 and 10 won coins were issued in 1970, struck in brass. Cupronickel 100 won coins were also introduced that year, followed by cupronickel 50 won coins in 1972.^[7]

1966–1982 issued coins[8][9] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First minting	Issue	Issue Suspended
		₩1	17.2 mm	1.7 g	Brass 60% copper 40% zinc	Plain	Rose of Sharon, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1966	August 16, 1966	December 1, 1980	Series I (가)
		₩1	17.2 mm	0.729 g	100% aluminium	Plain	Rose of Sharon, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1968	August 26, 1968	1992	Series II (나)
		₩5	20.4 mm	3.09 g	Commercial bronze 88% copper 12% zinc	Plain	Geobukseon, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1966	August 16, 1966	1992	Series I (가)
		₩5	20.4 mm	2.95 g	High brass 65% copper 35% zinc	Plain	Geobukseon, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1970	July 16, 1970	1992	Series II (나)
		₩10	22.86 mm	4.22 g	Commercial bronze 88% copper 12% zinc	Plain	Dabotap Pagoda, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1966	August 16, 1966	Still circulating	Series I (가)
		₩10	22.86 mm	4.06 g	High brass 65% copper 35% zinc	Plain	Dabotap Pagoda, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1970	July 16, 1970	Still circulating	Series II (나)
		₩50	21.6 mm	4.16 g	70% copper 18% zinc 12% nickel	Reeded	Stalk of rice, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title (hangul), year of minting	1972	December 1, 1972	Still circulating	Series I (가)
		₩100	24 mm	5.42 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Yi Sun-sin, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), year of minting	1970	November 30, 1970
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

In 1982, with inflation and the increasing popularity of vending machines, 500 won coins were introduced on June 12, 1982. In January 1983, with the purpose of standardizing the coinage, a new series of 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 won coins was issued, using the same layout as the 500 won coins, but conserving the coins’ old themes.^[7]

1982–2006 issued coins[10][11]
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First minting	Issue
		₩1 [ko]	17.2 mm	0.729 g	100% aluminium	Plain	Rose of Sharon, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1983	January 15, 1983	Series III (다)
		₩5 [ko]	20.4 mm	2.95 g	High brass 65% copper 35% zinc	Plain	Geobukseon, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1983	January 15, 1983	Series III (다)
		₩10	22.86 mm	4.06 g	Dabotap Pagoda, value (hangul)
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Current coins
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First minting	Issue
		₩10 [ko]	18 mm	1.22 g	Copper-plated aluminium 48% copper 52% aluminium	Plain	Dabotap pagoda, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	2006	December 18, 2006	Series IV (라)
		₩50 [ko]	21.6 mm	4.16 g	70% copper 18% zinc 12% nickel	Reeded	Stalk of rice, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1983	January 15, 1983	Series II (나)
		₩100 [ko]	24 mm	5.42 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Yi Sun-sin, value (hangul)
		₩500	26.5 mm	7.7 g	Red-crowned crane, value (hangul)	1982	June 12, 1982	Series I (가)
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

The Bank of Korea announced in early 2006 its intention to redesign the 10 won coin by the end of that year. With the increasing cost of production, then at 38 won per 10 won coin, and rumors that some people had been melting the coins to make jewelry, the redesign was needed to make the coin more cost-effective to produce.^[12] The new coin is made of copper-coated aluminium with a reduced diameter of 18 mm, and a weight of 1.22 g. Its visual design is the same as the old coin.^[13] The new coin was issued on December 18, 2006.^[14][15]

The 1 and 5 won coins are rarely in circulation since 1992, and prices of consumer goods are rounded to the nearest 10 won. However, they are still in production, minting limited amounts of these two coins every year, for the Bank of Korea’s annual mint sets.^[16]
In 1998, the production costs per coin were: 10 won coins each cost 35 won to produce, 100 won coins cost 58 won, and 500 won coins cost 77 won.^[17]

Banknotes[edit]

The Bank of Korea designates banknote and coin series in a unique way. Instead of putting those of similar design and issue dates in the same series, it assigns series number X to the Xth design of a given denomination. The series numbers are expressed with Korean letters used in alphabetical order, e.g. 가, 나, 다, 라, 마, 바, 사. Therefore, ₩1,000 issued in 1983 is series II (나) because it is the second design of all ₩1,000 designs since the introduction of the South Korean won in 1962.

In 1962, 10 and 50 jeon, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 won notes were introduced by the Bank of Korea. The first issue of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 won notes was printed in the UK by Thomas De La Rue. The jeon notes together with a second issue of 10 and 100 won notes were printed domestically by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation.

In 1965, 100 won notes (series III) were printed using intaglio printing techniques, for the first time on domestically printed notes, to reduce counterfeiting. Replacements for the British 500 won notes followed in 1966, also using intaglio printing, and for the 50 won notes in 1969 using lithoprinting.^[7]

1962 Thomas De La Rue Series[8] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description	Date of	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Issue	Issue Suspended
		₩1	94 × 50 mm	Pink	Bank of Korea’s symbol	Value	June 10, 1962	May 20, 1970	None
		₩5	Blue	May 1, 1969
		₩10	108 × 54 mm	Green	September 1, 1962	Series I (가)
		₩50	156 × 66 mm	Orange	Haegeumgang near Geoje	Torch, value	May 20, 1970
		₩100	Green	Independence Gate (Dongnimmun)	February 14, 1969
		₩500	Grey	Namdaemun	February 3, 1967
1962–1969 KOMSCO Series[8] (in Korean)
		10 jeon	90 × 50 mm	Blue	«Bank of Korea» and value (Korean)	«Bank of Korea» and value (English)	December 1, 1962	December 1, 1980	None
		50 jeon	Brown
		₩10	140 × 63 mm	Purple	Cheomseongdae	Geobukseon	September 21, 1962	October 30, 1973	Series II (나)
		₩50	149 × 64 mm	Green and orange / blue	Tapgol Park in Seoul	Beacon, Rose of Sharon	March 21, 1969	Series II (나)
		₩100	156 × 66 mm	Green	Independence Gate	Gyeonghoeru Pavilion at Gyeongbok Palace	November 1, 1962	Series II (나)
		Sejong the Great	Main building of the Bank of Korea	August 14, 1965	December 1, 1980	Series III (다)
		₩500	165 × 73 mm	Brown	Namdaemun	Geobukseon	August 16, 1966	May 10, 1975	Series II (나)
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

With the economic development from the 1960s, the value of the 500 won notes fell, resulting in a greater use of cashier’s checks with higher fixed denominations as means of payment, as well as an increased use of counterfeited ones.^[7] In 1970, the 100 won notes were replaced by coins, with the same happening to the 50 won notes in 1972.

Higher-denomination notes of 5,000 and 10,000 won were introduced in 1972 and 1973, respectively. The notes incorporated new security features, including watermark, security thread, and ultraviolet response fibres, and were intaglio printed. The release of 10,000 won notes was planned to be at the same time as the 5,000 won notes, but problems with the main theme delayed it by a year.^[18] Newly designed 500 won notes were also released in 1973, and the need for a medium denomination resulted in the introduction of 1,000 won notes in 1975.

1972–1973 Series[9] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description	Date of	BOK series designation	Plate produced
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Issue	Issue Suspended
		₩5,000	167 × 77 mm	Brown	Yi I	Main building of the Bank of Korea		July 1, 1972	December 1, 1980	Series I (가)	By Thomas de la Rue[19]
		₩10,000	171 × 81 mm	Green	Sejong the Great, Rose of Sharon	Geunjeongjeon at Gyeongbok Palace		June 12, 1973	November 10, 1981	Series I (가)	In Japan[18]
1973–1979 Series[9] (in Korean)
		₩500	159 × 69 mm	Green and pink	Yi Sun-sin, Geobukseon	Yi Sun-sin’s Shrine at Hyeonchungsa	None	September 1, 1973	May 12, 1993	Series III (다)
		₩1,000	163 × 73 mm	Purple	Yi Hwang, Rose of Sharon	Dosan Seowon (Dosan Confucian Academy)		August 14, 1975	Series I (가)	In Japan[20]
		₩5,000	167 × 77 mm	Orange	Yi I	Ojukheon in Gangneung		June 1, 1977	May 12, 1993	Series II (나)	In Japan[19]
		₩10,000	171 × 81 mm	Green	Sejong the Great, Water clock	Gyeonghoeru Pavilion at Gyeongbok Palace, Rose of Sharon		June 15, 1979	May 12, 1993	Series II (나)	In Japan[18]
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

In 1982, the 500 won note was replaced by a coin. The following year, as part of its policy of rationalizing the currency system, the Bank of Korea issued a new set of notes, as well as a new set of coins. Some of the notes’ most notable features were distinguishable marks for the blind under the watermark and the addition of machine-readable language in preparation for mechanization of cash handling. They were also printed on better-quality cotton pulp to reduce the production costs by extending their circulation life.^[7]

To cope with the deregulation of imports of color printers and the increasing use of computers and scanners, modified 5,000 and 10,000 won notes were released between 1994 and 2002 with various new security features, which included color-shifting ink, microprint, segmented metal thread, moiré, and EURion constellation. The latest version of the 5,000 and 10,000 won notes are easily identifiable by the copyright information inscribed under the watermark: «© 한국은행» and year of issue on the obverse, «© The Bank of Korea» and year of issue on the reverse.

The plates for the 5,000 won notes were produced in Japan, while the ones for the 1,000 and 10,000 won notes were produced by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation. They were all printed in intaglio.^[18][19][20]

1983–2002 Series[21] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description	Date of issue	Suspended Date	BOK series designation	Modification
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
		₩1,000	151 × 76 mm	Purple	Yi Hwang	Dosan Seowon (Dosan Confucian Academy)	Reversed portrait	June 11, 1983	June 1, 2016	Series II (나)
		₩5,000	156 × 76 mm	Orange	Yi I	Ojukheon in Gangneung	June 11, 1983	Series III (다)
		June 12, 2002	Series IV (라)	Color-shifting ink on the dots for blinds, segmented metal thread, copyright inscription
		₩10,000	161 × 76 mm	Green	Sejong the Great, Water clock	Gyeonghoeru Pavilion at Gyeongbok Palace	October 8, 1983	Series III (다)
		January 20, 1994	Series IV (라)	Segmented metal thread, microprint under the water clock, moiré on watermark area, intaglio latent image
		Reversed portrait, Taeguk	June 19, 2000	Series V (마)	Color-shifting ink on the dots for blinds, removal of moiré, EURion constellation, copyright inscription
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

New series[edit]

Historical figures on the Korean Won and their importance in history[edit]

Yi Hwang (이황) ~ ₩1,000

Yi Hwang, the man featured on the Korean 1000 won bill, is regarded as one of Korea’s most prominent Confucian scholars during the Joseon era. His vast love for knowledge and literature made him known to many and a largely popular historical figure. He dedicated his life and to teaching numerous students. When people think of Yi Hwang now, the Dosanseowon Confucian Academy(안동 도산서원) always comes to mind.^{[speculative — consider removing]} It was established in 1574 to honor Yi Hwang (Toegye 퇴계). It was built about 6 years after his death. It was also designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site.^{[22]
[23][24]}

An Interesting fact about how the historical figures on the 1000 won and 5000 won. Yi Hwang was the head teacher and taught the man on the 5000 won. His name was Yi Yulgok, he too also became a famous Confucian scholar under Yi Hwangs guidance and was bestowed the significance of being featured on the 5000 won banknote.^[22]

Yi I (이이) ~ ₩5,000

Yi Yulgok (1536-1584) was a Neo-Confucian thinker and is known to have similar influence as Yi Hwang. Yulgok is responsible for establishing the Kiho school in Korea. He is the son of Shin Saimdang, who was a well-known poet and painter. Yulgok began studying with his mother, but when his mother died, he mourned her loss for 3 years. He then fled to a Buddhist temple in the mountains with the desire to become a monk; however, after a year of studying scriptures, he changed his mind. Given the knowledge he acquired in the Buddhist temple, he placed first in both the preliminary and final civil service examinations in 1564. He then became known as Lord First Candidate of the Nine Examinations. He served in several offices within the metropolitan and provincial government. His official posts included appointments of minister of military affairs, minister of public works, and minister of personnel until he died at age forty-nine.^[25]

Sejong the Great (세종대왕) ~ ₩10,000

Sejong the Great was a famous king during the Joseon era. His legacy includes the creation of the Korean writing system, hangul (한글), which occurred in 1443 during the 12th month of the lunar calendar. Later in 1446, the book of Sejong Sillok (조선왕조실록) described the new language of Joseon as Hunminjeongeum (full name;훈민정음 해례본, Hunminjeongeum Haeryebon), was created and information on how to learn the new system and the teachings were published all together in multiple parts. One of Sejong’s purposes for creating this new language system was to help common people read and write, many of which were otherwise illiterate. Hunminjeongeum was the original name for Hangeul when it was first created back in the 15th century. The other sections of Hunminjeongeum(훈민정음) called Yeui(예의) was created to describe and teach the reader about each sound of the 28-letter alphabet. With the creation of this book, Hunminjeongeum(훈민정음), we can understand the true vision and concept Sejong the great had for creating this language and how to clearly grasp the rules and usage of it. The next part of the book was called “haerye”(해례), which showed the theories involved with the inventions of the consonants and vowels and the ideas behind the initial, middle, and final sound of a syllable.^[26]

Lastly another special distinction related to the language was, Hunminjeongeum(훈민정음) became a national treasure recognized by the UN in 1997. It was listed in the UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register. It stated that this document created by Sejong was regarded highly for its linguistic, cultural, and ideological values.^[26]

Shin Saimdang (신사임당) ~ ₩50,000

Shin Saimdang (1504-1551) is a well-known historical figure and is considered the representative image of the Korean woman and icon of the “wise mother and good wife” (hyeonmoyangcheo,현모양처). Shin Saimdang was an artist, writer calligraphist and poet of the Joseon era. She became the first woman to appear on a new Korean banknote since 2009.^[27] She is the mother of Yi I and was of great influence on him. She lived in a male-dominant society because of the great influence of Confucianism. For this reason, her real name is unknown and because she is a woman, her name didn’t make history. The only accounts of her origin story were from her son Yi Yulgok, unofficial history books, anthologies and from postscripts written by Confucian scholars. Her legacy and her artworks are remembered more than documents that portray her as a good wife and wise mother.^[28]

New security features[edit]

In 2006, it became a major concern that the South Korean won banknotes were being counterfeited/forged. This led the government to issue a new series of banknotes, with the 5,000 won note being the first one to be redesigned. Later in 2007, the 1,000 and 10,000 won notes were introduced.

On June 23, 2009, the Bank of Korea released the 50,000 won note. The obverse bears a portrait of Shin Saimdang, a prominent 16th-century artist, calligrapher, and mother of Korean scholar Yulgok, also known as Yi I, who is on the 5,000 won note. This note is the first Korean banknote to feature the portrait of a woman.^[29] The release of the 50,000 won note stirred some controversy among shop owners and those with visual impairments due to its similarity in color and numerical denomination with the 5,000 won note.^[30]

New 100,000 won notes were also announced, but their release was later cancelled due to the controversy over the banknote’s planned image, featuring the Daedongyeojido map, and not including the disputed Dokdo islands.^{[31][32][33][34]}

The banknotes include over 10 security features in each denomination. The 50,000 won note has 22 security features, the 10,000 won note 21, the 5,000 won note 17, the 2,000 won note 10 and the 1,000 won note 19. Many modern security features that can be also found in euros, pounds, Canadian dollars, and Japanese yen are included in the banknotes.
Some security features inserted in won notes are:

• Holograms with three-dimensional images that change colors within the metallic foil on the obverse side of the notes (except ₩1,000)
• Watermark portraits of the effigy of the note are visible when held to the light in the white section of the note.
• Intaglio printing on words and the effigy give off a raised feeling, different from ordinary paper
• Security thread in the right side of the obverse side of the note with small lettering «한국은행 Bank of Korea» and its corresponding denomination
• Color-shifting ink on the value number at the back of the note:

For the first time in the world, KOMSCO, the Korean mint, inserted a new substance in the notes to detect counterfeits. This technique is being exported to Europe, North America, etc.^[35]

2006 Series[36] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description	Date of issue	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
		₩1,000 [ko]	136 × 68 mm	Blue	Yi Hwang, Myeongryundang in Seonggyungwan, plum flowers	«Gyesangjeonggeodo»; a painting Yi Hwang in Dosan Seowon by Jeong Seon	Reversed portrait and electrotype denomination (₩1,000 to ₩50,000)	January 22, 2007	Series III (다)
		₩5,000 [ko]	142 × 68 mm	Orange	Yi I, Ojukheon in Gangneung, black bamboo	«Insects and Plants», a painting of a watermelon and cockscombs by Yi I’s mother Shin Saimdang	January 2, 2006	Series V (마)
		₩10,000 [ko]	148 × 68 mm	Green	Sejong the Great, Irworobongdo, a folding screen for Joseon-era kings, and text from the second chapter of Yongbieocheonga, the first work of literature written in hangul	Globe of Honcheonsigye, Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido C14 star map and reflecting telescope at Bohyeonsan Observatory in the background	January 22, 2007	Series VI (바)
		₩50,000 [ko]	154 × 68 mm	Yellow	Shin Saimdang with Chochungdo — a Folding Screen of Embroidered Plants and Insects (South Korean National Treasure No. 595) in the background	Bamboo and a plum tree	June 23, 2009	Series I (가)
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

2017 Commemorative Series[37] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description	Date of issue	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
[1]	[2]	₩2,000	140 x 75 mm	Gray	Seven winter sports events (Biathlon, Ice hockey, Curling, Speed skating, Ski jumping, Luge and Bobsled)	Songhamaenghodo (a painting of a tiger and a pine tree by Joseon-era artist Kim Hong-do)	Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium	December 11, 2017	Series I (가)
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Future of the South Korean won[edit]

Coinless trials[edit]

As the South Korean economy is evolving through the use of electronic payments, coins of the South Korean won are becoming less used by consumers. The Bank of Korea began a trial which would result in the total cessation of the production of coins by depositing change into prepaid cards.^[38] As of 2019, however, public participation in this program has decreased.^[39]

Redenomination proposals[edit]

There have been recurring proposals in the South Korean National Assembly to redenominate the won by introducing a new won or new unit, equal to 1,000 old won, and worth nearly one U.S. dollar. While proponents cite a more valuable currency unit better projects the strength of the nation’s economy, a majority remain opposed to the idea. Reasons cited are: economic harm if done immediately, no issues on public confidence in the won and its inflation rate, limited cost savings, and the presence of more urgent economic issues.^[40]

Currency production[edit]

The Bank of Korea is the only institution in South Korea with the right to print banknotes and mint coins. The banknotes and coins are printed at the KOMSCO, a government-owned corporation, under the guidance of the Bank of Korea.
After the new banknotes and coins are printed/minted, they are bundled or rolled and shipped to the headquarters of the Bank of Korea. When delivered, they are deposited inside the bank’s vault, ready to be distributed to commercial banks when requested.
Every year, around Seollal and Chuseok, two major Korean holidays, the Bank of Korea distributes large amounts of its currency to most of the commercial banks in South Korea, which are then given to their customers upon request.

Current exchange rates[edit]

Current KRW exchange rates
From Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD EUR JPY USD
From Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD EUR JPY USD
From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD EUR JPY USD
From OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD EUR JPY USD

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• «BOK Announces Smaller Banknotes». The Chosun Ilbo. 2005-07-21. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «New W5,000 Ready for Release on Jan. 2». The Chosun Ilbo. 2005-12-13. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «New W1,000 Note Unveiled». The Chosun Ilbo. 2006-01-17. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «Dollar Plummets to Pre-Crisis Level Against Won». The Chosun Ilbo. 2006-01-25. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «New W5,000 Bills Forgery- but not Water-Proof». The Chosun Ilbo. 2006-01-25. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «New W10,000 Note Unveiled». The Chosun Ilbo. 2006-05-18. Archived from the original on 2006-07-09. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• New South Korean won banknotes, information page of BOK’s new notes
• Pronunciation of Won at freedictionary.com
• Heiko Otto (ed.). «The banknotes of South Korea» (in English and German). Retrieved 2018-10-21.

This article is about the official currency of South Korea. For the official currency of North Korea (ISO 4217 code KPW), see North Korean won.

Not to be confused with the Korean won, the official currency of the Korean Empire from 1902 to 1910.

South Korean won

대한민국 원 (Korean)
ISO 4217
Code	KRW (numeric: 410)
Unit
Unit	won
Plural	The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.
Symbol	₩‎
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	jeon (전/錢) Theoretical (not used)
Banknotes
Freq. used	₩1,000, ₩5,000, ₩10,000, ₩50,000
Rarely used	₩2,000
Coins
Freq. used	₩10, ₩50, ₩100, ₩500
Rarely used	₩1, ₩5
Demographics
User(s)	South Korea
Issuance
Central bank	Bank of Korea
Website	eng.bok.or.kr
Printer	Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation
Website	english.komsco.com
Mint	Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation
Website	english.komsco.com
Valuation
Inflation	1.3% (Feb 2016, Year-on-Year % Change)
Source	February 2016[1]

South Korean won
Hangul	대한민국 원
Hanja	大韓民國 원
Revised Romanization	Daehanmin(-)guk won
McCune–Reischauer	Taehanmin’guk wŏn
The current won (원) does not officially have any hanja associated with it.[2][3]

The Korean Republic won, unofficially the South Korean won (Symbol: ₩; Code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원) is the official currency of South Korea. A single won is divided into 100 jeon, the monetary subunit. The jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions, and it appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul.

Etymology[edit]

The old «won» was a cognate of the Chinese yuan and Japanese yen, which were both derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar. It is derived from the hanja 圓 (원, won), meaning «round», which describes the shape of the silver dollar.

The won was subdivided into 100 jeon (Korean: 전; Hanja: 錢; RR: jeon; MR: chŏn), itself a cognate of the Chinese unit of weight mace and synonymous with money in general. The current won (1962 to present) is written in hangul only and does not officially have any hanja associated with it.^[2][3]

First South Korean won[edit]

History[edit]

The Korean won, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen were all derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar, a coin widely used for international trade between Asia and the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries.

During the colonial era under the Japanese (1910–45), the won was replaced by the Korean yen which was at par with the Japanese Yen.

After World War II ended in 1945, Korea was divided, resulting in two separate currencies, both called won, for the South and the North. Both the Southern won and the Northern won replaced the yen at par. The first South Korean won was subdivided into 100 jeon.

The South Korean won initially had a fixed exchange rate to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 15 won to 1 dollar. A series of devaluations followed, the later ones, in part, due to the Korean War (1950–53). The pegs were:

Pegs for the first South Korean won

Date introduced	Value of U.S. dollar in won
October, 1945	15
July 15, 1947	50
October 1, 1948	450
June 14, 1949	900 (non-government transactions only)
May 1, 1950	1,800
November 1, 1950	2,500
April 1, 1951	6,000

The first South Korean won was replaced by the hwan on February 15, 1953, at a rate of 1 hwan = 100 won.^[4]

Banknotes[edit]

In 1946, the Bank of Joseon introduced 10 and 100 won notes. These were followed in 1949 by 5 and 1,000 won notes.

A new central bank, the Bank of Korea, was established on 12 June 1950,^[5] and assumed the duties of Bank of Joseon. Notes were introduced (some dated 1949) in denominations of 5, 10 and 50 jeon, and 100 and 1,000 won. The 500 won notes were introduced in 1952. In 1953, a series of banknotes was issued which, although it gave the denominations in English in won, were, in fact, the first issues of the hwan.

Second South Korean won[edit]

History[edit]

The won was reintroduced on June 10, 1962, at a rate of 1 won = 10 hwan. It became the sole legal tender on March 22, 1975, with the withdrawal of the last circulating hwan coins. Its ISO 4217 code is KRW. At the reintroduction of the won in 1962, its value was pegged at 125 won = US$1. The following pegs operated between 1962 and 1980:

Pegs for the second South Korean won

Date introduced	Value of U.S. dollar in won
June 10, 1962	125
May 3, 1964	255
August 3, 1972	400
December 7, 1974	480
January 12, 1980	580

On February 27, 1980, efforts were initiated to lead to a floating exchange rate. The won was finally allowed to float on December 24, 1997, when an agreement was signed with the International Monetary Fund.^[6] Shortly after, the won was devalued to almost half of its value, as part of the 1997 Asian financial crisis.

Coins[edit]

Until 1966, 10 and 50 hwan coins, revalued as 1 and 5 won, were the only coins in circulation. New coins, denominated in won, were introduced by the Bank of Korea on August 16, 1966, in denominations of 1, 5 and 10 won, with the 1 won struck in brass and the 5 and 10 won in bronze. These were the first South Korean coins to display the date in the common era, earlier coins having used the Korean calendar. The 10 and 50 hwan coins were demonetized on March 22, 1975.^[7]

In 1968, as the intrinsic value of the brass 1 won coin far surpassed its face value, new aluminium 1 won coins were issued to replace them. As an attempt to further reduce currency production costs, new 5 and 10 won coins were issued in 1970, struck in brass. Cupronickel 100 won coins were also introduced that year, followed by cupronickel 50 won coins in 1972.^[7]

1966–1982 issued coins[8][9] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First minting	Issue	Issue Suspended
		₩1	17.2 mm	1.7 g	Brass 60% copper 40% zinc	Plain	Rose of Sharon, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1966	August 16, 1966	December 1, 1980	Series I (가)
		₩1	17.2 mm	0.729 g	100% aluminium	Plain	Rose of Sharon, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1968	August 26, 1968	1992	Series II (나)
		₩5	20.4 mm	3.09 g	Commercial bronze 88% copper 12% zinc	Plain	Geobukseon, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1966	August 16, 1966	1992	Series I (가)
		₩5	20.4 mm	2.95 g	High brass 65% copper 35% zinc	Plain	Geobukseon, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1970	July 16, 1970	1992	Series II (나)
		₩10	22.86 mm	4.22 g	Commercial bronze 88% copper 12% zinc	Plain	Dabotap Pagoda, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1966	August 16, 1966	Still circulating	Series I (가)
		₩10	22.86 mm	4.06 g	High brass 65% copper 35% zinc	Plain	Dabotap Pagoda, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1970	July 16, 1970	Still circulating	Series II (나)
		₩50	21.6 mm	4.16 g	70% copper 18% zinc 12% nickel	Reeded	Stalk of rice, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title (hangul), year of minting	1972	December 1, 1972	Still circulating	Series I (가)
		₩100	24 mm	5.42 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Yi Sun-sin, value, bank title (hangul)	Value (digit), year of minting	1970	November 30, 1970
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

In 1982, with inflation and the increasing popularity of vending machines, 500 won coins were introduced on June 12, 1982. In January 1983, with the purpose of standardizing the coinage, a new series of 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 won coins was issued, using the same layout as the 500 won coins, but conserving the coins’ old themes.^[7]

1982–2006 issued coins[10][11]
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First minting	Issue
		₩1 [ko]	17.2 mm	0.729 g	100% aluminium	Plain	Rose of Sharon, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1983	January 15, 1983	Series III (다)
		₩5 [ko]	20.4 mm	2.95 g	High brass 65% copper 35% zinc	Plain	Geobukseon, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1983	January 15, 1983	Series III (다)
		₩10	22.86 mm	4.06 g	Dabotap Pagoda, value (hangul)
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Current coins
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First minting	Issue
		₩10 [ko]	18 mm	1.22 g	Copper-plated aluminium 48% copper 52% aluminium	Plain	Dabotap pagoda, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	2006	December 18, 2006	Series IV (라)
		₩50 [ko]	21.6 mm	4.16 g	70% copper 18% zinc 12% nickel	Reeded	Stalk of rice, value (hangul)	Value (digit), bank title, year of minting	1983	January 15, 1983	Series II (나)
		₩100 [ko]	24 mm	5.42 g	Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel	Yi Sun-sin, value (hangul)
		₩500	26.5 mm	7.7 g	Red-crowned crane, value (hangul)	1982	June 12, 1982	Series I (가)
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

The Bank of Korea announced in early 2006 its intention to redesign the 10 won coin by the end of that year. With the increasing cost of production, then at 38 won per 10 won coin, and rumors that some people had been melting the coins to make jewelry, the redesign was needed to make the coin more cost-effective to produce.^[12] The new coin is made of copper-coated aluminium with a reduced diameter of 18 mm, and a weight of 1.22 g. Its visual design is the same as the old coin.^[13] The new coin was issued on December 18, 2006.^[14][15]

The 1 and 5 won coins are rarely in circulation since 1992, and prices of consumer goods are rounded to the nearest 10 won. However, they are still in production, minting limited amounts of these two coins every year, for the Bank of Korea’s annual mint sets.^[16]
In 1998, the production costs per coin were: 10 won coins each cost 35 won to produce, 100 won coins cost 58 won, and 500 won coins cost 77 won.^[17]

Banknotes[edit]

The Bank of Korea designates banknote and coin series in a unique way. Instead of putting those of similar design and issue dates in the same series, it assigns series number X to the Xth design of a given denomination. The series numbers are expressed with Korean letters used in alphabetical order, e.g. 가, 나, 다, 라, 마, 바, 사. Therefore, ₩1,000 issued in 1983 is series II (나) because it is the second design of all ₩1,000 designs since the introduction of the South Korean won in 1962.

In 1962, 10 and 50 jeon, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 won notes were introduced by the Bank of Korea. The first issue of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 won notes was printed in the UK by Thomas De La Rue. The jeon notes together with a second issue of 10 and 100 won notes were printed domestically by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation.

In 1965, 100 won notes (series III) were printed using intaglio printing techniques, for the first time on domestically printed notes, to reduce counterfeiting. Replacements for the British 500 won notes followed in 1966, also using intaglio printing, and for the 50 won notes in 1969 using lithoprinting.^[7]

1962 Thomas De La Rue Series[8] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description	Date of	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Issue	Issue Suspended
		₩1	94 × 50 mm	Pink	Bank of Korea’s symbol	Value	June 10, 1962	May 20, 1970	None
		₩5	Blue	May 1, 1969
		₩10	108 × 54 mm	Green	September 1, 1962	Series I (가)
		₩50	156 × 66 mm	Orange	Haegeumgang near Geoje	Torch, value	May 20, 1970
		₩100	Green	Independence Gate (Dongnimmun)	February 14, 1969
		₩500	Grey	Namdaemun	February 3, 1967
1962–1969 KOMSCO Series[8] (in Korean)
		10 jeon	90 × 50 mm	Blue	«Bank of Korea» and value (Korean)	«Bank of Korea» and value (English)	December 1, 1962	December 1, 1980	None
		50 jeon	Brown
		₩10	140 × 63 mm	Purple	Cheomseongdae	Geobukseon	September 21, 1962	October 30, 1973	Series II (나)
		₩50	149 × 64 mm	Green and orange / blue	Tapgol Park in Seoul	Beacon, Rose of Sharon	March 21, 1969	Series II (나)
		₩100	156 × 66 mm	Green	Independence Gate	Gyeonghoeru Pavilion at Gyeongbok Palace	November 1, 1962	Series II (나)
		Sejong the Great	Main building of the Bank of Korea	August 14, 1965	December 1, 1980	Series III (다)
		₩500	165 × 73 mm	Brown	Namdaemun	Geobukseon	August 16, 1966	May 10, 1975	Series II (나)
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

With the economic development from the 1960s, the value of the 500 won notes fell, resulting in a greater use of cashier’s checks with higher fixed denominations as means of payment, as well as an increased use of counterfeited ones.^[7] In 1970, the 100 won notes were replaced by coins, with the same happening to the 50 won notes in 1972.

Higher-denomination notes of 5,000 and 10,000 won were introduced in 1972 and 1973, respectively. The notes incorporated new security features, including watermark, security thread, and ultraviolet response fibres, and were intaglio printed. The release of 10,000 won notes was planned to be at the same time as the 5,000 won notes, but problems with the main theme delayed it by a year.^[18] Newly designed 500 won notes were also released in 1973, and the need for a medium denomination resulted in the introduction of 1,000 won notes in 1975.

1972–1973 Series[9] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description	Date of	BOK series designation	Plate produced
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Issue	Issue Suspended
		₩5,000	167 × 77 mm	Brown	Yi I	Main building of the Bank of Korea		July 1, 1972	December 1, 1980	Series I (가)	By Thomas de la Rue[19]
		₩10,000	171 × 81 mm	Green	Sejong the Great, Rose of Sharon	Geunjeongjeon at Gyeongbok Palace		June 12, 1973	November 10, 1981	Series I (가)	In Japan[18]
1973–1979 Series[9] (in Korean)
		₩500	159 × 69 mm	Green and pink	Yi Sun-sin, Geobukseon	Yi Sun-sin’s Shrine at Hyeonchungsa	None	September 1, 1973	May 12, 1993	Series III (다)
		₩1,000	163 × 73 mm	Purple	Yi Hwang, Rose of Sharon	Dosan Seowon (Dosan Confucian Academy)		August 14, 1975	Series I (가)	In Japan[20]
		₩5,000	167 × 77 mm	Orange	Yi I	Ojukheon in Gangneung		June 1, 1977	May 12, 1993	Series II (나)	In Japan[19]
		₩10,000	171 × 81 mm	Green	Sejong the Great, Water clock	Gyeonghoeru Pavilion at Gyeongbok Palace, Rose of Sharon		June 15, 1979	May 12, 1993	Series II (나)	In Japan[18]
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

In 1982, the 500 won note was replaced by a coin. The following year, as part of its policy of rationalizing the currency system, the Bank of Korea issued a new set of notes, as well as a new set of coins. Some of the notes’ most notable features were distinguishable marks for the blind under the watermark and the addition of machine-readable language in preparation for mechanization of cash handling. They were also printed on better-quality cotton pulp to reduce the production costs by extending their circulation life.^[7]

To cope with the deregulation of imports of color printers and the increasing use of computers and scanners, modified 5,000 and 10,000 won notes were released between 1994 and 2002 with various new security features, which included color-shifting ink, microprint, segmented metal thread, moiré, and EURion constellation. The latest version of the 5,000 and 10,000 won notes are easily identifiable by the copyright information inscribed under the watermark: «© 한국은행» and year of issue on the obverse, «© The Bank of Korea» and year of issue on the reverse.

The plates for the 5,000 won notes were produced in Japan, while the ones for the 1,000 and 10,000 won notes were produced by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation. They were all printed in intaglio.^[18][19][20]

1983–2002 Series[21] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description	Date of issue	Suspended Date	BOK series designation	Modification
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
		₩1,000	151 × 76 mm	Purple	Yi Hwang	Dosan Seowon (Dosan Confucian Academy)	Reversed portrait	June 11, 1983	June 1, 2016	Series II (나)
		₩5,000	156 × 76 mm	Orange	Yi I	Ojukheon in Gangneung	June 11, 1983	Series III (다)
		June 12, 2002	Series IV (라)	Color-shifting ink on the dots for blinds, segmented metal thread, copyright inscription
		₩10,000	161 × 76 mm	Green	Sejong the Great, Water clock	Gyeonghoeru Pavilion at Gyeongbok Palace	October 8, 1983	Series III (다)
		January 20, 1994	Series IV (라)	Segmented metal thread, microprint under the water clock, moiré on watermark area, intaglio latent image
		Reversed portrait, Taeguk	June 19, 2000	Series V (마)	Color-shifting ink on the dots for blinds, removal of moiré, EURion constellation, copyright inscription
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

New series[edit]

Historical figures on the Korean Won and their importance in history[edit]

Yi Hwang (이황) ~ ₩1,000

Yi Hwang, the man featured on the Korean 1000 won bill, is regarded as one of Korea’s most prominent Confucian scholars during the Joseon era. His vast love for knowledge and literature made him known to many and a largely popular historical figure. He dedicated his life and to teaching numerous students. When people think of Yi Hwang now, the Dosanseowon Confucian Academy(안동 도산서원) always comes to mind.^{[speculative — consider removing]} It was established in 1574 to honor Yi Hwang (Toegye 퇴계). It was built about 6 years after his death. It was also designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site.^{[22]
[23][24]}

An Interesting fact about how the historical figures on the 1000 won and 5000 won. Yi Hwang was the head teacher and taught the man on the 5000 won. His name was Yi Yulgok, he too also became a famous Confucian scholar under Yi Hwangs guidance and was bestowed the significance of being featured on the 5000 won banknote.^[22]

Yi I (이이) ~ ₩5,000

Yi Yulgok (1536-1584) was a Neo-Confucian thinker and is known to have similar influence as Yi Hwang. Yulgok is responsible for establishing the Kiho school in Korea. He is the son of Shin Saimdang, who was a well-known poet and painter. Yulgok began studying with his mother, but when his mother died, he mourned her loss for 3 years. He then fled to a Buddhist temple in the mountains with the desire to become a monk; however, after a year of studying scriptures, he changed his mind. Given the knowledge he acquired in the Buddhist temple, he placed first in both the preliminary and final civil service examinations in 1564. He then became known as Lord First Candidate of the Nine Examinations. He served in several offices within the metropolitan and provincial government. His official posts included appointments of minister of military affairs, minister of public works, and minister of personnel until he died at age forty-nine.^[25]

Sejong the Great (세종대왕) ~ ₩10,000

Sejong the Great was a famous king during the Joseon era. His legacy includes the creation of the Korean writing system, hangul (한글), which occurred in 1443 during the 12th month of the lunar calendar. Later in 1446, the book of Sejong Sillok (조선왕조실록) described the new language of Joseon as Hunminjeongeum (full name;훈민정음 해례본, Hunminjeongeum Haeryebon), was created and information on how to learn the new system and the teachings were published all together in multiple parts. One of Sejong’s purposes for creating this new language system was to help common people read and write, many of which were otherwise illiterate. Hunminjeongeum was the original name for Hangeul when it was first created back in the 15th century. The other sections of Hunminjeongeum(훈민정음) called Yeui(예의) was created to describe and teach the reader about each sound of the 28-letter alphabet. With the creation of this book, Hunminjeongeum(훈민정음), we can understand the true vision and concept Sejong the great had for creating this language and how to clearly grasp the rules and usage of it. The next part of the book was called “haerye”(해례), which showed the theories involved with the inventions of the consonants and vowels and the ideas behind the initial, middle, and final sound of a syllable.^[26]

Lastly another special distinction related to the language was, Hunminjeongeum(훈민정음) became a national treasure recognized by the UN in 1997. It was listed in the UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register. It stated that this document created by Sejong was regarded highly for its linguistic, cultural, and ideological values.^[26]

Shin Saimdang (신사임당) ~ ₩50,000

Shin Saimdang (1504-1551) is a well-known historical figure and is considered the representative image of the Korean woman and icon of the “wise mother and good wife” (hyeonmoyangcheo,현모양처). Shin Saimdang was an artist, writer calligraphist and poet of the Joseon era. She became the first woman to appear on a new Korean banknote since 2009.^[27] She is the mother of Yi I and was of great influence on him. She lived in a male-dominant society because of the great influence of Confucianism. For this reason, her real name is unknown and because she is a woman, her name didn’t make history. The only accounts of her origin story were from her son Yi Yulgok, unofficial history books, anthologies and from postscripts written by Confucian scholars. Her legacy and her artworks are remembered more than documents that portray her as a good wife and wise mother.^[28]

New security features[edit]

In 2006, it became a major concern that the South Korean won banknotes were being counterfeited/forged. This led the government to issue a new series of banknotes, with the 5,000 won note being the first one to be redesigned. Later in 2007, the 1,000 and 10,000 won notes were introduced.

On June 23, 2009, the Bank of Korea released the 50,000 won note. The obverse bears a portrait of Shin Saimdang, a prominent 16th-century artist, calligrapher, and mother of Korean scholar Yulgok, also known as Yi I, who is on the 5,000 won note. This note is the first Korean banknote to feature the portrait of a woman.^[29] The release of the 50,000 won note stirred some controversy among shop owners and those with visual impairments due to its similarity in color and numerical denomination with the 5,000 won note.^[30]

New 100,000 won notes were also announced, but their release was later cancelled due to the controversy over the banknote’s planned image, featuring the Daedongyeojido map, and not including the disputed Dokdo islands.^{[31][32][33][34]}

The banknotes include over 10 security features in each denomination. The 50,000 won note has 22 security features, the 10,000 won note 21, the 5,000 won note 17, the 2,000 won note 10 and the 1,000 won note 19. Many modern security features that can be also found in euros, pounds, Canadian dollars, and Japanese yen are included in the banknotes.
Some security features inserted in won notes are:

• Holograms with three-dimensional images that change colors within the metallic foil on the obverse side of the notes (except ₩1,000)
• Watermark portraits of the effigy of the note are visible when held to the light in the white section of the note.
• Intaglio printing on words and the effigy give off a raised feeling, different from ordinary paper
• Security thread in the right side of the obverse side of the note with small lettering «한국은행 Bank of Korea» and its corresponding denomination
• Color-shifting ink on the value number at the back of the note:

For the first time in the world, KOMSCO, the Korean mint, inserted a new substance in the notes to detect counterfeits. This technique is being exported to Europe, North America, etc.^[35]

2006 Series[36] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description	Date of issue	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
		₩1,000 [ko]	136 × 68 mm	Blue	Yi Hwang, Myeongryundang in Seonggyungwan, plum flowers	«Gyesangjeonggeodo»; a painting Yi Hwang in Dosan Seowon by Jeong Seon	Reversed portrait and electrotype denomination (₩1,000 to ₩50,000)	January 22, 2007	Series III (다)
		₩5,000 [ko]	142 × 68 mm	Orange	Yi I, Ojukheon in Gangneung, black bamboo	«Insects and Plants», a painting of a watermelon and cockscombs by Yi I’s mother Shin Saimdang	January 2, 2006	Series V (마)
		₩10,000 [ko]	148 × 68 mm	Green	Sejong the Great, Irworobongdo, a folding screen for Joseon-era kings, and text from the second chapter of Yongbieocheonga, the first work of literature written in hangul	Globe of Honcheonsigye, Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido C14 star map and reflecting telescope at Bohyeonsan Observatory in the background	January 22, 2007	Series VI (바)
		₩50,000 [ko]	154 × 68 mm	Yellow	Shin Saimdang with Chochungdo — a Folding Screen of Embroidered Plants and Insects (South Korean National Treasure No. 595) in the background	Bamboo and a plum tree	June 23, 2009	Series I (가)
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

2017 Commemorative Series[37] (in Korean)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description	Date of issue	BOK series designation
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
[1]	[2]	₩2,000	140 x 75 mm	Gray	Seven winter sports events (Biathlon, Ice hockey, Curling, Speed skating, Ski jumping, Luge and Bobsled)	Songhamaenghodo (a painting of a tiger and a pine tree by Joseon-era artist Kim Hong-do)	Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium	December 11, 2017	Series I (가)
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Future of the South Korean won[edit]

Coinless trials[edit]

As the South Korean economy is evolving through the use of electronic payments, coins of the South Korean won are becoming less used by consumers. The Bank of Korea began a trial which would result in the total cessation of the production of coins by depositing change into prepaid cards.^[38] As of 2019, however, public participation in this program has decreased.^[39]

Redenomination proposals[edit]

There have been recurring proposals in the South Korean National Assembly to redenominate the won by introducing a new won or new unit, equal to 1,000 old won, and worth nearly one U.S. dollar. While proponents cite a more valuable currency unit better projects the strength of the nation’s economy, a majority remain opposed to the idea. Reasons cited are: economic harm if done immediately, no issues on public confidence in the won and its inflation rate, limited cost savings, and the presence of more urgent economic issues.^[40]

Currency production[edit]

The Bank of Korea is the only institution in South Korea with the right to print banknotes and mint coins. The banknotes and coins are printed at the KOMSCO, a government-owned corporation, under the guidance of the Bank of Korea.
After the new banknotes and coins are printed/minted, they are bundled or rolled and shipped to the headquarters of the Bank of Korea. When delivered, they are deposited inside the bank’s vault, ready to be distributed to commercial banks when requested.
Every year, around Seollal and Chuseok, two major Korean holidays, the Bank of Korea distributes large amounts of its currency to most of the commercial banks in South Korea, which are then given to their customers upon request.

Current exchange rates[edit]

Current KRW exchange rates
From Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD EUR JPY USD
From Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD EUR JPY USD
From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD EUR JPY USD
From OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD EUR JPY USD

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• «BOK Announces Smaller Banknotes». The Chosun Ilbo. 2005-07-21. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «New W5,000 Ready for Release on Jan. 2». The Chosun Ilbo. 2005-12-13. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «New W1,000 Note Unveiled». The Chosun Ilbo. 2006-01-17. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «Dollar Plummets to Pre-Crisis Level Against Won». The Chosun Ilbo. 2006-01-25. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «New W5,000 Bills Forgery- but not Water-Proof». The Chosun Ilbo. 2006-01-25. Archived from the original on 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• «New W10,000 Note Unveiled». The Chosun Ilbo. 2006-05-18. Archived from the original on 2006-07-09. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
• New South Korean won banknotes, information page of BOK’s new notes
• Pronunciation of Won at freedictionary.com
• Heiko Otto (ed.). «The banknotes of South Korea» (in English and German). Retrieved 2018-10-21.

Вона South Korean won 대한민국 원/大韓民國 圓
Код ISO 4217	KRW
Страна	Республика Корея
Состоит из	100 чон
Символ	₩
Обменный курс (на 24 марта 2009)
1 USD	= 1396,30 KRW
1 EUR	= 1903,86 KRW
1 GBP	= 2034,48 KRW

Южнокоре́йская во́на (кор. 원, 圓, вон) — денежная единица Республики Корея.

Название вона в русском языке происходит от словосочетания 원화 (произносится как вон(ху)а), дословно: валюта Вон.

В обращении находятся банкноты номиналом 1000, 5000 и 10000 вон и монеты номиналом 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 вон.

Так как монеты в 1 и 5 вон встречаются редко, расчёты разрешается округлять до 10 вон.

Вторая южнокорейская вона

История

Вона была вновь введена в обращение 9 июня 1962 года. Обмен новых денег производился в соотношении 1 вона = 10 хван. 22 марта 1975 года, после изъятия из обращения последних монет, с номиналом в хванах, вона стала единственным законным платёжным средством. Ей был присвоен код ISO 4217 — KRW. В момент введения воны в 1962 году, её курс был искусственно прикреплён к курсу доллара США в соотношении 125 вон = 1 доллар. Изменение закреплённого курса в период с 1962 года по 1980 год показано в таблице.

Фиксированный курс второй корейской воны
Дата установления	Южнокорейских вон за доллар США
10 июня 1962 года	125
3 мая 1964 года	255
3 августа 1972 года	400
7 декабря 1974 года	480
12 января 1980 года	580

С 27 февраля 1980 года стали предприниматься шаги по переходу к плавающему валютному курсу. Окончательный переход к свободному курсу произошел 24 декабря 1997 года, когда было достигнуто соглашение с Международным валютным фондом.^[1] Вскоре после этого, в результате азиатского финансового кризиса, вона обесценилась почти в два раза.

Монеты

До 1966 года единственными монетами, находящимися в обращении, были 10 и 50 хван, использовавшиеся как 1 и 5 вон соответственно. Новые монеты, с номиналом в вонах, были выпущены Банком Кореи 16 августа 1966 года. Это были 1, 5 и 10 вон. В данных монетах впервые был использован не корейский календарь, а даты, отсчитываемые от начала нашей эре. Монеты 10 и 50 хван изъяты из обращения 22 марта 1975 года.

В 1968 году монета достоинством 1 вон из латуни была заменена на алюминиевый аналог, т.к. её реальная стоимость стала превышать номинальную. В целях дальнейшего снижения стоимости производства монет, в 1970 году были выпущены новые монеты 5 и 10 вон из латуни вместо бронзы. В этот же год в обращение введена медно-никелевая монета 100 вон, а в 1972 году — 50 вон.

Серия 1966-1982 гг.[1] [2] (кор.)
Изображения	Номинал	Параметры	Описание	Дата	Обозначение серии
Аверс	Реверс	Диаметр	Масса	Материал	Гурт	Аверс	Реверс	чеканки	выпуска	изъятия
		₩1	17,2 мм	1,7 г	Латунь 60% медь 40% цинк	Гладкий	Роза Шарона, номинал, название банка (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1966	16 августа 1966	1 декабря 1980	Серия I (가)
		₩1	17,2 мм	0,729 г	100% алюминий	Гладкий	Роза Шарона, номинал, название банка (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1968	26 августа 1968	в обращении	Серия II (나)
		₩5	20,4 мм	3,9 г	Бронза 88% медь 12% цинк	Гладкий	Кобуксон, номинал, название банка (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1966	16 августа 1966	в обращении	Серия I (가)
		₩5	20,4 мм	2,95 г	Высокоцинковая латунь 65% медь 35% цинк	Гладкий	Кобуксон, номинал, название банка (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1970	16 июля 1970	в обращении	Серия II (나)
		₩10	22,86 мм	4,22 г	Бронза 88% медь 12% цинк	Гладкий	Таботхап, номинал, название банка (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1966	16 августа 1966	в обращении	Серия I (가)
		₩10	22,86 мм	4,06 г	Высокоцинковая латунь 65% медь 35% цинк	Гладкий	Таботхап, номинал, название банка (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1970	16 июля 1970	в обращении	Серия II (나)
		₩50	21,6 мм	4,16 г	70% медь 18% цинк 12% никель	Рубчатый	Цветок риса, номинал (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка (на хангыле), год чеканки	1972	1 декабря 1972	в обращении	Серия I (가)
		₩100	24 мм	5,42 г	Медно-никелевый сплав 75% медь 25% никель	Ли Сунсин, номинал, название банка (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), год чеканки	1970	30 ноября 1970
Масштаб изображений — 2,5 пикселя на миллиметр, стандартный для изображений монет в Википедии. Стандартное оформление таблиц см. здесь.

12 июня 1982 года, из-за инфляции и возросшей популярности торговых автоматов, в обращение была введена монета номиналом 500 вон. В январе 1983 года, с целью стандартизации монетной системы, была выпущена новая серия монет: 1, 5, 10, 50 и 100 вон. Монеты были выполнены в том же стиле, что и 500 вон, но с сохранением тем старых монет.

Серия 1982-2006 гг.[3][2]
Изображения	Номинал	Параметры	Описание	Дата	Обозначение серии
Аверс	Реверс	Диаметр	Масса	Материал	Гурт	Аверс	Реверс	чеканки	выпуска
		₩1	17,2 мм	0,729 г	100% алюминий	Гладкий	Роза Шарона, номинал (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1983	15 января 1983	Серия III (다)
		₩5	20,4 мм	2,95 г	Высокоцинковая латунь 65% медь 35% цинк	Гладкий	Кобуксон, номинал (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1983	15 января 1983	Серия III (다)
		₩10	22,86 мм	4,06 г	Таботхап, номинал (на хангыле)
		₩10	18 мм	1,22 г	Алюминий, покрытый медью 48% медь 52% алюминий	Гладкий	Таботхап, номинал (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	2006	18 декабря 2006
		₩50	21,6 мм	4,16 г	70% медь 18% цинк 12% никель	Рубчатый	Цветок риса, номинал (на хангыле)	Номинал (цифрой), название банка, год чеканки	1983	15 января 1983	Серия II (나)
		₩100	24 мм	5,42 г	Медно-никелевый сплав 75% медь 25% никель	Ли Сунсин, номинал (на хангыле)
		₩500	26,5 мм	7,7 г	Журавль, номинал (на хангыле)	1982	12 июня 1982	Серия I (가)
Масштаб изображений — 2,5 пикселя на миллиметр, стандартный для изображений монет в Википедии. Стандартное оформление таблиц см. здесь.

Банкноты

Серия Thomas De La Rue (1962)[4](кор.)
Изображения	Номинал	Размеры	Основной цвет	Описание	Дата	Обозначение серии
Аверс	Реверс	Аверс	Реверс	выпуска	изъятия
		₩1	94 × 50 мм	Розовый	Символ Банка Кореи	Номинал	10 июня 1962	20 мая 1970	Нет
		₩5	Синий	1 мая 1969
		₩10	108 × 54 мм	Зелёный	1 сентября 1962	Серия I (가)
		₩50	156 × 66 мм	Оранжевый	Каменный остров Хэгымган рядом с городом Кодже	Факел, номинал	20 мая 1970
		₩100	Зелёный	Ворота независимости	14 февраля 1969
		₩500	Серый	Суннемун	3 февраля 1967
Серия KOMSCO (1962-1969) [5] (кор.)
		10 чон	90 × 50 мм	Синий	Надпись «Банк Кореи» и номинал (по-корейски)	Надпись «Банк Кореи» и номинал (по-английский)	1 декабря 1962	1 декабря 1980	Нет
		50 чон	Коричневый
		₩10	140 × 63 мм	Фиолетовый	Чхомсондэ	Кобуксон	21 сентября 1962	30 октября 1973	Серия II (나)
		₩50	149 × 64 мм	Зелёный и оранжевый / Синий	Пагода Gongweon в Сеуле	Сигнальный огонь, Роза Шарона	21 марта 1969	Серия II (나)
		₩100	156 × 66 мм	Зелёный	Ворота независимости	Павильон Кёнхору в Кёнбоккуне	1 ноября 1962	Серия II (나)
		Седжон Великий	Главное здание Банка Кореи	14 августа 1965	1 декабря 1980	Серия III (다)
		₩500	165 × 73 мм	Коричневый	Суннемун	Кобуксон	16 августа 1966	10 мая 1975	Серия II (나)
Масштаб изображений — 0,7 пикселя на миллиметр, стандартный для изображений банкнот в Википедии. Стандартное оформление таблиц см. здесь.

Серия 1972-1973 гг. [6](кор.)
Изображения	Номинал	Размеры	Основной цвет	Описание	Дата	Обозначение серии	Место печати
Аверс	Реверс	Аверс	Реверс	Водяной знак	выпуска	изъятия
		₩5000	167 × 77 мм	Коричневый	Ли И	Главное здание Банка Кореи		1 июля 1972	1 декабря 1980	Серия I (가)	Thomas de la Rue[3]
		₩10 000	171 × 81 мм	Коричневый	Седжон Великий, Роза Шарона	Кынджонджон в Кёнбоккуне		12 июня 1973	10 ноября 1981	Серия I (가)	В Японии[4]
Серия 1973-1979 гг. [7] (кор.)
		₩500	159 × 69 мм	Зелёный и розовый	Ли Сунсин, Кобуксон	Гробница Ли Сунсина	Нет	1 сентября 1973	12 мая 1993	Серия III (다)
		₩1000	163 × 73 мм	Фиолетовый	Ли Хван, Роза Шарона	Конфуцианская школа Досан		14 августа 1975	Серия I (가)	В Японии[5]
		₩5000	167 × 77 мм	Оранжевый	Ли И	Очжукхон в Канныне		1 июня 1977	12 мая 1993	Серия II (나)	В Японии[3]
		₩10 000	171 × 81 мм	Зелёный	Седжон Великий, водяные часы	Павильон Кёнхору в Кёнбоккуне, Роза Шарона		15 июня 1979	12 мая 1993	Серия II (나)	В Японии[4]
Масштаб изображений — 0,7 пикселя на миллиметр, стандартный для изображений банкнот в Википедии. Стандартное оформление таблиц см. здесь.

Серия 1983-2002 гг. [8](кор.)
Изображения	Номинал	Размеры	Основной цвет	Описание	Дата	Обозначение серии	Модификация
Аверс	Реверс	Аверс	Реверс	Водяной знак	выпуска
		₩1000	151 × 76 мм	Фиолетовый	Ли Хван	Конфуцианская школа Досан	Перевёрнутый портрет	11 июня 1983	Серия II (나)
		₩5000	156 × 76 мм	Оранжевый	Ли И	Очжукхон в Канныне	11 июня 1983	Серия III (다)
		12 июня 2002	Серия IV (라)	На рельефные метках для слабовидящих усилены цвета, «ныряющая» металлизированая полоса, авторская подпись
		₩10 000	161 × 76 мм	Зелёный	Седжон Великий, водяные часы	Павильон Кёнхору в Кёнбоккуне	8 октября 1983	Серия III (다)
		20 января 1994	Серия IV (라)	«Ныряющая» металлизированая полоса, микропечать на водяных часах, муаровый узор на поле с водяным знаком, рельефное скрыто изображение
		Перевёрнутый портрет, Тхэгыкки	19 июня 2000	Серия V (마)	На рельефные метках для слабовидящих усилены цвета, удалён муаровый узор, Созвездие Евриона, авторская подпись
Масштаб изображений — 0,7 пикселя на миллиметр, стандартный для изображений банкнот в Википедии. Стандартное оформление таблиц см. здесь.

Серия 2006-2007 гг. [9](кор.)
Изображения	Номинал	Размеры	Основной цвет	Описание	Дата	Обозначение серии
Аверс	Реверс	Аверс	Реверс	Водяной знак	выпуска
		₩1000	136 × 68 мм	Синий	Ли Хван, Мённюндан в университете Сонгюнгван, цветок сливы	Прибрежный пейзаж и горы	Перевёрнутый портрет, номинал	22 января 2007	Серия III (다)
		₩5000	142 × 68 мм	Красный и жёлтый	Ли И, Очжукхон в Канныне, чёрный бамбук	«Насекомые и Растения», картина Син Саимдан, матери философа Ли И	2 января 2006	Серия V (마)
		₩10 000	148 × 68 мм	Зелёный	Седжон Великий	Старинный небесный глобус XVII века	22 января 2007	Серия VI (바)
Масштаб изображений — 0,7 пикселя на миллиметр, стандартный для изображений банкнот в Википедии. Стандартное оформление таблиц см. здесь.

Текущие курсы обмена валюты

Файл:USD-KRW 1989-.png Курс Южнокорейской воны к доллару США с января 1989 по июль 2006

Файл:KRW-JPY 1989-.png Курс Южнокорейской воны к японской йене с января 1989 по июль 2006

Примечания

Ссылки

• Галерея монет мира Дона Норриса — Корея(англ.)
• Галерея бумажных денег мира Рона Вайза — Южная Корея ^{Зеркало}(англ.)
• Таблицы современных денежных систем Курта Шулера — Азия ^{Зеркало}(англ.)
• Всемирная история денежного обращения — Корея(англ.)
• Таблица истории мировых валют сайта Global Financial Data ( в формате Microsoft Excel)(англ.)

Предшественник: Корейская йена Соотношение: один к одному	Валюта Южная Корея 1945 – 1953	Преемник: Южнокорейский хван Причина: инфляция Соотношение: 1 хван = 100 вон
Предшественник: Южнокорейский хван Причина: инфляция Соотношение: 1 вон = 10 хван	Валюта Южная Корея 1962 –	Преемник: —

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Вона (значения).

Категория:Деньги, вышедшие из обращения

Во́на (кор. 원^?, 圓^?) — денежная единица Корейской империи в 1902—1910 годах, состоявшая из 100 чонов (кор. 전^?, 錢^?). С точки зрения этимологии слово «вона» родственно «юаню» (современной денежной единице Китая) и «иене» (денежной единице Японии), которые происходят от китайского иероглифа 圓 («круглый объект», «круглая монета»; в современном значении — «валюта»).

Вона введена в обращение в 1902 году, заменив корейский янг (кор. 양^?, 兩^?) в соотношении 5:1. В 1910 году, в связи с превращением Кореи в японскую колонию, вона была заменена на корейскую иену.

Выпускалась только в виде монет, банкноты не эмитировались.

Для обозначения воны использовались традиционные китайские иероглифы 圓 и 圆 или слог хангыля 원.

В настоящее время название «вона» носят национальные валюты Южной (с 1950 года) и Северной (с 1947 года) Кореи.

Название вона в русском языке происходит от словосочетания 원화 (произносится как вон(ху)а), дословно: валюта Вон^{[источник не указан 3395 дней]}.

См. также

• Южнокорейская вона — современная национальная валюта Южной Кореи
• Северокорейская вона — современная национальная валюта Северной Кореи
• Символ воны

Эта страница в последний раз была отредактирована 28 февраля 2023 в 21:47.

Как только страница обновилась в Википедии она обновляется в Вики 2.
Обычно почти сразу, изредка в течении часа.

На странице представлена информация о южнокорейской воне: HTML-код валюты, Unicode символ, код ISO 4217, таблица с актуальным кросс-курсом к другим валютам мира. Колонки курсов можно отсортировать от наибольшего к меньшему, кликнув по шапке таблицы.

Информация о валюте

Кросс-курс южнокорейской воны другим валютам мира