Как правильно написать тойота ленд крузер

For the smaller variation, which is sold in Europe and Israel as the «Land Cruiser», see Toyota Land Cruiser Prado.

Toyota Land Cruiser
2021 Toyota Land Cruiser ZX (VJA300, Colombia)
Overview
Manufacturer	Toyota
Production	1951–present
Body and chassis
Class	Off-road vehicle Full-size SUV
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive

The Toyota Land Cruiser (Japanese: トヨタ・ランドクルーザー, Hepburn: Toyota Rando-Kurūzā) (also sometimes spelled as LandCruiser)^[1] is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. It is Toyota’s longest running series of models.^[2] As of 2019, the sales of the Land Cruiser totalled more than 10 million units worldwide.^[3]

Production of the first generation of the Land Cruiser began in 1951.^[3][4][5] The Land Cruiser has been produced in convertible, hardtop, station wagon and cab chassis body styles. The Land Cruiser’s reliability and longevity have led to huge popularity, especially in Australia, where it is the best-selling body-on-frame, four-wheel drive vehicle.^[6] Toyota also extensively tests the Land Cruiser in the Australian outback – considered to be one of the toughest operating environments in both temperature and terrain.^[7][8][9] In Japan, the Land Cruiser was once exclusive to Toyota Japanese dealerships called Toyota Store.

As of 2021, the full-size Land Cruiser was available in many markets. Exceptions include the United States and Canada (since 2021),^[10] Malaysia (which receives the Lexus LX instead), Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, Brazil, and most of Europe. In Europe, the only countries where the full-size Land Cruiser is officially sold are Gibraltar, Moldova, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The Land Cruiser is hugely popular in the Middle East, Russia, and Australia, and also in Africa where it is used by farmers, NGO’s, UN and humanitarian organizations, by national armies (often the pickup version) as well as by irregular armed groups who turn them into ‘technicals’ by mounting machine guns in the rear. In August 2019, Toyota Land Cruiser cumulative global sales surpassed 10 million units.^[11]

Origin[edit]

The Imperial Army had been using the Kurogane Type 95 four wheel drive reconnaissance car starting in 1936. When the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the Philippines in 1941, they found an American Willys MB Jeep and promptly sent it to Japan. The Japanese military authorities ordered Toyota to produce a similar vehicle but to alter the appearance. The resulting Model AK prototype led to the Yon-Shiki Kogata Kamotsu-Sha (四式小型 貨物 車 type 4 compact cargo-truck).^[12]

Later in 1941, the Japanese government instructed Toyota to produce a light truck for Japan’s military. In 1942, Toyota developed the AK10 prototype by reverse-engineering a Bantam GP. The half-ton truck features an upright front grille, flat front wheel arches that angled down and back like the FJ40, headlights mounted above the wheel arches on either side of the radiator, and a folding windshield.

The AK10 is powered by the 2,259 cc (2.3 L), 4-cylinder Type C engine from the Toyota Model AE sedan coupled to a three-speed manual transmission and a two-speed transfer gearbox. Unlike the U.S. Jeep, the AK10 had limited use and photographs of it in the battlefield are rare.

In June 1954, responding to claims of trademark violation by the Willys Company that produced the original Jeep, then Director of Technology Hanji Umehara renamed the vehicle «Land Cruiser.»

The postwar Toyota «Jeep» BJ is completely different from the AK10 and inherits no mechanical parts from it. However, a lot of lessons learned while developing the AK10 were applied when developing the BJ.^[13]

Off-road oriented models[edit]

BJ and FJ (1951)[edit]

BJ and FJ
Overview
Also called	Toyota Jeep BJ (1951–1954)
Production	1951–1955
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan (Arakawa Auto Body)
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door softtop
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	3.4 L B I6 3.9 L F I6
Transmission	4-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,400 mm (94.5 in)
Length	3,793 mm (149.3 in)
Width	1,575 mm (62.0 in)
Height	1,900 mm (74.8 in)
Curb weight	1,425 kg (3,141.6 lb)

History[edit]

In 1950, the Korean War created demand for a military light utility vehicle. The United States government ordered 100 vehicles with the then-new Willys specifications and tasked Toyota to manufacture them. The Toyota «Jeep» BJ prototype was developed in January 1951. This came from the demand for military-type utility vehicles, much like the British Land Rover Series 1 that was developed in 1948. The Jeep BJ was larger than the original U.S. Jeep and more powerful courtesy of its Type B 3.4-litre six-cylinder OHV Four-stroke petrol engine which generated a power output of 63 kW (84 hp; 85 PS) at 3,600 rpm and 215 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1,600 rpm. It had a part-time four-wheel drive system like the Jeep. However, and unlike the Jeep, the Jeep BJ had no low-range transfer case. In July 1951, Toyota’s test driver Ichiro Taira drove the next generation of the Jeep BJ prototype up to the sixth stage of Mount Fuji, the first vehicle to climb that height. The test was overseen by the National Police Agency (NPA). Impressed by this feat, the NPA quickly placed an order for 289 of these offroad vehicles, making the Jeep BJ their official patrol car.^[14]

For the first two years, manufacture was exclusively to order and in small volumes.^[15] In 1953, however, regular production of the «Toyota Jeep BJ» began at the Toyota Honsya Plant (rolling chassis assembly). The body assembly and painting was done at Arakawa Bankin Kogyo KK, later known as ARACO (now an affiliate of Toyota Auto Body Company).^[14] The «Toyota Jeep BJ» Series was introduced in the following variants:

• BJ-T (Touring),
• BJ-R (Radio),
• BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

In June 1954, the name «Land Cruiser» was coined by the technical director Hanji Umehara. «In England we had another competitor — Land Rover. I had to come up with a name for our car that would not sound less dignified than those of our competitors. That is why I decided to call it ‘Land Cruiser'», he recalls.^[14] The name had already been used on the Studebaker Land Cruiser which was produced from 1934 to 1954. The 92 kW (123 hp; 125 PS), 3.9 L Type F petrol engine was added to the Land Cruiser range for the first time, originally only in the fire-engine chassis. The models were renamed:

• BJ-T (Touring),
• BJ-R (Radio),
• BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine),
• FJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

J20, J30 (1955)[edit]

J20/J30
Overview
Also called	Toyota Bandeirante (Brazil)
Production	1955–1960 (Japan) 1958–1968 (Brazil)
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan (Arakawa Auto Body) São Bernardo, Brazil (Toyota do Brasil)
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door softtop 2-door hardtop 2-door pickup truck 5-door station wagon
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	3.4 L B I6 3.9 L F I6
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,285 mm (90.0 in) 2,430 mm (95.7 in) 2,650 mm (104.3 in)

History[edit]

• 1955 – The Second generation of the Land Cruiser called the 20 Series was introduced. It was designed to have a more civilian appeal than the BJ for export reasons. It also had more stylish bodywork and a better ride courtesy of longer four-plate leaf springs which had been adapted from the Toyota Light Truck. It had a more powerful 99 kW (135 PS; 133 hp) 3.9 L six-cylinder Type F petrol engine, but adopted the previous generation’s three-speed gearbox. The interior of the vehicles were made more comfortable by moving the engine 120 mm (4.7 in) forward. The 20 Series still had no low range transfer case, but had synchronism on the third and fourth gears.^{[citation needed]}
• 1957 – A 4-door Station Wagon was added called the FJ35V which was based on a 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase. The Land Cruiser first imported into Australia by B&D Motors as the FJ25/28 cab chassis with Australian made bodies.^[16] The Land Cruiser was the first Japanese vehicle to be regularly exported to the country.^[17] A small number of Land Cruisers were initially used in the Snowy Mountains Scheme by contractor Theiss Constructions.^[18]
• 1958 – FJ25 production commenced in Brazil; this being the first Toyota vehicle built outside Japan. These were sold as the «Toyota Bandeirante» from January 1962 when the Toyota petrol engine was replaced with a Mercedes-Benz diesel engine. The word «bandeirante» means «flag carrier» in Portuguese. The FJ25 models were built until August 1968 in Brazil.^[19] Production numbers were fairly low; in 1965, the production total was 961 vehicles.^[20]

Bandeirante timeline[edit]

• 1959:
  • FJ25 – Short open (topless) bushdrive car – Toyota F engine (May 1959 to 1960/61) – new in 1959 (also referred to as FJ251)
• 1960/1961:
  • FJ25L – Short soft top bushdrive car – Toyota F engine (1960/1961 to 1960/1961) – new in 1960/1961 (also referred to as FJ251L)
  • FJ151L – Short soft top bushdrive car – Toyota 2F engine (1960/1961 to December 1961) – replaces the FJ25/FJ251 and the FJ25L/FJ251L (there are few mentions in literature and no preserved ones known; it could be even doubted if it’s ever been actually built)
• 1962:
  • TB25L – Short soft top bushdrive car – Mercedes-Benz OM-324 engine (January 1962 to – 1966?) – replaces the FJ151L (or FJ25L/FJ251L?)
  • TB25L – Short hard top bushdrive car – Mercedes-Benz OM-324 engine (January 1962 to – 1966?) – new in 1962
  • TB41L – Long hard top bushdrive car  – Mercedes-Benz OM-324 engine (September 1962 to July 1968) – new in 1962
  • TB51L – Short pickup with native bed – Mercedes-Benz OM-324 engine (September 1962 to January 1966)
• 1965:
  • TB51L3 – Short 3-door double cabin pickup with native bed and steel bed cover – Mercedes-Benz OM-324 engine (1965 to ?) – new in 1965; possibly only one unit was built
• 1962–1968:
  • OJ32L – Short soft top bushdrive car – Mercedes-Benz OM-324 engine (1966? – to August 1968) – replaces the soft top TB25L
  • OJ31L – Short hard top bushdrive car – Mercedes-Benz OM-324 engine (1966? – to August 1968) – replaces the hard top TB25L
  • TB81L – Short pickup with native bed – Mercedes-Benz OM-324 engine (February 1966 to August 1968) – replaces the TB51L

J40 (1960)[edit]

J40
Overview
Also called	Toyota Bandeirante (Brazil) Toyota Macho (Venezuela)
Production	1960–1984 1968–2001 (Brazil)
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan São Bernardo, Brazil (Toyota do Brasil) Cumana, Venezuela Jakarta, Indonesia[21]
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door softtop 2-door hardtop 2-door pickup truck 4-door station wagon
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 3.9 L F I6[22] 4.2 L 2F I6[22] Diesel: 3.0 L B diesel I4[22] 3.2 L 2B diesel I4 3.4 L 3B I4 3.6 L H I6[22] 4.0 L 2H I6
Transmission	3-speed manual 4-speed manual (from 1974) 5-speed manual (from 1984)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,285 mm (90.0 in) 2,430 mm (95.7 in) 2,650 mm (104.3 in) 2,950 mm (116.1 in)
Length	3,840.5 mm (151.2 in)
Width	1,666.2 mm (65.6 in)
Height	1,950.7 mm (76.8 in) (softtop) 2,000 mm (78.8 in) (hardtop)
Curb weight	1,480 kg (3,263 lb) (softtop) 1,554 kg (3,427 lb) (hardtop)

History[edit]

• 1960 – The 20 Series was upgraded to the now classic 40 Series. Toyota made many production changes by buying new steel presses. Mechanically, the FJ40 was given a new 93 kW (126 PS; 125 hp), 3.9 L F engine and the Land Cruiser finally received low-range gearing, but continued the three-speed main gearbox.
• 1965 – Global production surpassed 50,000 vehicles. The Land Cruiser was the best selling Toyota vehicle in the United States.
• 1968 – The 100,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide. Brazilian J40 production, as the Bandeirante, commenced in September. The Bandeirante has a Mercedes-Benz-built diesel engine generating a power output of 58 kW (79 PS; 78 hp).
• 1972 – The 200,000th Land Cruiser was sold.
• 1973 – The 300,000th Land Cruiser was sold. The first diesel Land Cruiser was introduced for export based on a long wheelbase with a six-cylinder H engine.^{[citation needed]}
• 1974 – A four-cylinder 3.0 L B diesel engine was offered. The introduction of this engine boosted sales in Japan by putting the Land Cruiser in a lower tax compact freight-car category as compared to the 3.9 L petrol version.

Note: the new B diesel engine was different from the B petrol engine used in the original BJ.

• 1975 – The 3.9 L petrol engine was replaced by a larger, more powerful 4.2 L 2F unit and the FJ55 received front disc brakes. The 3.6 L H diesel engine was optional in some markets in the HJ45.^[22]
• 1976 – FJ40 Land Cruiser (United States-version) received front disc brakes like the FJ55. The Toyota Land Cruiser Association was founded in California.
• 1977 – The Irish Army took delivery of the first of 77 FJ45 Land Cruisers. Although fast, reliable and with good off-road performance the vehicle tended to rust excessively in the wet Irish climate. A few which did not succumb to the effects of weather were repainted in gloss olive green and survive as ceremonial gun tractors at military funerals.
• 1978 – The first BJ/FJ40 and FJ55 models were officially sold in West Germany with both diesel (BJ40) and petrol engines (FJ40/55).
• 1979 – FJ40 (United States-version) was updated this year with a new wider, square bezel surrounding the headlights. Power steering and cooler were offered in FJ40 for the first time The diesel engine was improved, evolving into the 3.2 L 2B unit but only in Japanese markets.
• 1980 – The H diesel engine (HJ45) was replaced by the 4.0 L 2H engine (now with chassis code HJ47).^[22]
• 1981 – the Diesel version received front disc brakes and the more powerful 3.4 L 3B engine, and the LWB BJ45 with 3B engine was added to the range.
• 1983 – the last FJ40s imported to the U.S. were 1983 models (mid-1982 to mid-1983). It is unknown how many were imported by Toyota, but many guess the number to be around 300. The 1983 FJ40s typically bring a premium for their rarity, though they are not much different from 1982 models (mid-1981 to mid-1982).
• 1984 – the North American market was limited to Canada with the BJ42, which had a 5-speed (overdrive) transmission that was widely sought. The original cost was around CA$14,000.

Gallery[edit]

• 

  1980 Toyota Land Cruiser hardtop (FJ40)

• 

  1963 Toyota Land Cruiser Station Wagon (FJ45)

• 

  Toyota Land Cruiser pickup (FJ45)

J70 (1984)[edit]

J70
Overview
Also called	Toyota Machito (Venezuela)
Production	1984–present
Assembly	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Yoshiwara plant)[23] Colombia: SOFASA, (Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia)[24][25] Venezuela: Cumana Portugal: Ovar[26]
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door pickup truck 2-door hardtop 2-door softtop 3-door wagon 4-door van
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 2.4 L 22R I4 4.0 L 3F I6 4.5 L 1FZ-FE I6 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 Diesel: 2.4 L 2L I4 (diesel) 2.4 L 2L-T turbo I4 2.5 L VM HR588 turbo I5 (Italy only)[27] 3.0 L 1KZ-T turbo I4 3.4 L 3B I4 3.4 L 13B-T turbo I4 3.4 L PZ I5 4.0 L 2H I6 4.2 L 1HD-FTE turbo I6 4.2 L 1HZ I6 4.5 L 1VD-FTV turbo V8
Transmission	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,310 mm (90.9 in) 2,600 mm (102.4 in) 2,730 mm (107.5 in) 2,980 mm (117.3 in) 3,180 mm (125.2 in)
Length	Light: 4,060 mm (159.8 in) Regular: 4,870–5,230 mm (191.7–205.9 in)
Width	Light: 1,690 mm (66.5 in) Regular: 1,790–1,870 mm (70.5–73.6 in)
Height	Light: 1,895 mm (74.6 in)[28] Regular: 1,940–2,115 mm (76.4–83.3 in)[29]

History[edit]

• 1984 – J70 was introduced as a soft-top, hard-top, Fibre-reinforced plastic top, utility, cab-chassis, and Troop Carrier (inward facing rear seats). The petrol engine was replaced with a 4.0 L 3F engine. The 70 Light had a four-wheel coil spring solid-axle suspension for better ride quality. This lighter duty version of the Land Cruiser had the 22R 2.4 L four-stroke petrol engine, which actually were the 2L and 2L-T (turbocharged) 2.4 L diesel engines commonly found in the Toyota Hilux. The 70 Light was sold in some markets as the Bundera or the Landcruiser II, later called 70 Prado. The 70 Prado eventually became popular and evolved into the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (J90). An automatic transmission (A440F) was introduced making it the first four-wheel drive Japanese vehicle with an automatic transmission.
• 1990 – New-generation of diesel engines were introduced for the Land Cruiser including a 3.4 L five-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated engine (1PZ), and a 4.2 L six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated engine (designated the 1 HZ).
• 1993 to 1996 – the KZ 3.0 L turbocharged diesel engine replaced the LJ in the 70 series in European markets where this model was known as the KZJ70.
• 1993 – An advanced 24-valve, 4.5 L six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced.
• 1999 – Toyota updated the 70 series in several ways. The solid front axle received coil-spring suspension. The rear leaf springs were lengthened for increased ride comfort and wheel travel. The six-bolt wheels were replaced with five-bolt wheels. Several smaller modifications to the drivetrain provided increased durability. The long-wheel-base models received new designations: 78 for the troop carrier, and 79 for the pickup.
• 2002 — HDJ79 was introduced to Australia with the 1HD-FTE 4.2 L six-cylinder 24-valve turbodiesel EFI engine.
• 2007 – Toyota’s first turbodiesel V8 engine, the 1VD-FTV was introduced in some countries for the 70 Series Land Cruiser. Other modifications include the addition of a 4-door medium-wheel-base model (the 76) and an updated front-end on all models.
• 2012 – the 79 Double Cab pickup was introduced in the South African markets (with the 4.2 L diesel or 4.0 L petrol engines) and in the Australian market (with 4.5 L V8 Diesel engine).
• 2014 to 2015 – the 30th Anniversary Series 70 sold in Japan as a 4-door wagon or 4-door pickup with the 1GR-FE V6 petrol engine and 5-speed manual transmission.^[30]

The Sixth and Seventh generations of the Land Cruiser are still being produced and sold in African and Latin American regions. Production of the Land Cruiser in Venezuela ended in 2008.

The 70 series is also still marketed in Australia as 4-door wagon, 2-door ‘Troop Carrier’, 2-door cab-chassis and 4-door cab-chassis.

The 70 series is also still being marketed in the Middle East as a 2-door and 4-door version as an SUV, and a 2-door and 4-door version as a pickup, and it is very popular there along with the regular Land Cruiser.

Gallery[edit]

Comfort oriented models[edit]

J50 (1967)[edit]

J50
1979 FJ55 (US)
Overview
Production	1967–1980
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan (ARACO)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door SUV
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	3.9 L F I6[22] 4.2 L 2F I6[22]
Transmission	3-speed manual 4-speed manual (J30, H41 or H42)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,700 mm (106.3 in)
Length	4,675 mm (184.1 in)
Width	1,735 mm (68.3 in)
Height	1,865 mm (73.4 in)

The Land Cruiser 55 was produced from 1967 to 1980. Toyota refers to the FJ55G and FJ55V as the first «real» station wagon in the Land Cruiser series, thus marking the beginning of the station wagon bodystyle. It was the first Land Cruiser to have fully enclosed box frame members. Of all the Land Cruiser wagons sold in the U.S., including the FJ45, it is the only one to not have hatch and tailgate in the rear, but rather a tailgate only with an electrically operated window that can be retracted into the tailgate.^[31]

History[edit]

• 1967 – Production of the FJ55 began. The FJ55 was a 4-door station wagon version based on the FJ40’s Drive-train, replacing the 4-Door FJ45V (I). It was colloquially known as the «Moose». It has also been referred to as a «pig» or an «iron pig». The FJ55 had a longer wheelbase (at 2,700 mm (106 in)) and was mainly designed to be sold in North America and Australia. Fire engine versions were also available, using the regular front clip but with open bodywork and no doors.^[32]
• 1975 – January 1975 saw the F series engine being replaced by the 2F engine.^[22] Unusual for Toyota, the model designation (e.g. FJ55) did not change, except in Japan, where it was changed to FJ56.
• July 1980 – Production ends.

Gallery

J60 (1980)[edit]

J60
Overview
Also called	Toyota Samurai (Venezuela)
Production	1980–1990
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan (ARACO) Cumana, Venezuela
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door SUV
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 4.2 L 2F I6 (FJ60) 4.0 L 3F I6 (FJ62) 4.0 L 3F-E I6 (FJ62 from 1988) Diesel: 3.4 L 3B I4 (BJ60) 4.0 L 2H I6 (HJ60) 4.0 L 12H-T turbo I6 (HJ61)
Transmission	4-speed H41F or H42F manual (United States only) 4-speed A440F automatic 5-speed H55F manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,730 mm (107.5 in)
Length	4,675 mm (184.1 in)
Width	1,800 mm (70.9 in)
Height	1,750 mm (68.9 in)

The Land Cruiser 60 series was produced from 1980 through 1990, for most markets but the Cumana Plant in Venezuela continued production until 1992 for their local market. It is a front engine, four-door wagon which can seat five to eight^[33][34][35] people. The 60 series was available in the following exterior colours: Alpine White, Brown, Desert Beige, Freeborn Red, Royal Blue; and in the following metallic exterior colours: Charcoal Gray, Cognac, Gray-Blue, Rootbeer, Sky Blue, Stardust Silver.

History[edit]

• 1980 — The 60 series was introduced. While still retaining the rugged off-road characteristics of previous Land Cruisers, the 60 was designed to better compete in the emerging sport utility vehicle market. The 60 was given a variety of creature comforts like air conditioning, a rear heater and an upgraded interior. The FJ60’s «2F» petrol engine was left unchanged from the «40» series while the six-cylinder 4.0 L 2H and the four-cylinder 3.4 L 3B diesel engines were added to the lineage. Less equipped versions were also available in many markets. In Europe this model was sold as the Land Cruiser Wagon Van.^[36]
• 1981 – Land Cruiser sales surpassed 1 million and a high-roof version was introduced. The 60 series was introduced to South Africa when a stock Land Cruiser competed in the Toyota 1000 km Desert Race in the punishing wilds of Botswana.
• 1984 – This was the final year for the 40 series.
• 1984 – Alongside the 60 series, the 70 series was introduced.
• 1985 – The Direct-injection 12H-T turbodiesel engine was introduced.
• 1988 – The petrol engine was upgraded in some countries to a 4.0 L 3F-E EFI engine or to a 4.0 L 3F carburated engine. The FJ62G VX-Series was introduced allowing the Land Cruiser to be sold in Japan as a passenger vehicle.
• 1992 – Last FJ62 with a 4.0 L 3F carburated engine was built in Venezuela which was the only country producing the vehicles after production ended in Japan in 1990.

Gallery

J80 (1990)[edit]

J80
Overview
Also called	Lexus LX 450 Toyota Land Cruiser Autana (Colombia and Venezuela) Wanli Land Cruiser (China, JV) Xinkai HXK5022XSC (China, JV)
Production	January 1990 – December 1997[37] 1992–2008 (Venezuela)[38]
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan (ARACO) Cumaná, Venezuela Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China (Xinkai)
Designer	Kitano Kizo (1987)[39][40][41]
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door SUV
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 4.0 L 3F-E I6 4.5 L 1FZ-FE I6 Diesel: 4.2 L 1HZ I6 4.2 L 1HD-T turbocharged I6 4.2 L 1HD-FT turbocharged I6
Transmission	4-speed manual 4-speed A440F automatic 4-speed A442F automatic 4-speed A343F automatic 5-speed H150F manual 5-speed H151F manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length	4,780 mm (188.2 in) (1990–94) 4,820 mm (189.8 in) (1995–97)
Width	1,830 mm (72.0 in) (1990–91) 1,930 mm (76.0 in) (1992–97)
Height	1,785 mm (70.3 in) (1990–91) 1,860 mm (73.2 in) (1992–94) 1,870 mm (73.6 in) (1995–97)
Curb weight	2,084 kg (4,594 lb) (1990–92) 2,159 kg (4,760 lb) (1993–97)

The Land Cruiser 80 series was unveiled in October 1989 at the Tokyo Motor Show and launched in early 1990. It had swing-out back doors, which were replaced by a tailgate and hatch in 1994. The Land Cruiser was nicknamed the Burbuja (Bubble) in Colombia and Venezuela due to its roundness. The J80 was initially offered in two versions in these countries: the fully loaded VX and an entry level model that included a vinyl interior with optional air conditioning. In 1996, the entry model was upgraded to a medium equipped model named Autana, including cloth upholstery, standard air conditioning and power driver seat. The name is a reference to the Tepui mesa Autana, a spectacular plateau and cave system along the Guiana Shield craton. Land Cruiser sales reached 2 million vehicles.

History[edit]

• 1990 – The 80 series station wagon was introduced, replacing the 60 series. All 80s sold in North America and Europe now have a full-time four-wheel drive system. In Japan, Africa, and Australia, a part-time system was still available. 80s produced between 1990 and 1991 had an open centre differential which was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO. From 1992 onward, vehicles with anti-lock brakes had a viscous coupling that sent a maximum of 30% torque to the non-slipping axle. The differential was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO.
• 1990 – A new generation of diesel engines were introduced, adding to the engines available in the 80 series. The 80 series came with either a (3F-E) six-cylinder naturally aspirated petrol engine, a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated diesel engine, (1HZ), or a 1HD-T direct injection turbo diesel.
• 1991 – By mid-1991 the 3F-E engine was introduced to the Australian market, a fuel injected version of the 3F engine.
• 1993 – An advanced 24-valve, 4.5 L six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced. Larger brakes were added from October 1992 and the total wheelbase was made slightly longer. Front and rear axle lockers (code k294) were available as an option. The High Pinion Electric Locking front differential became available in the US models. In May 1993, Toyota began using R134 refrigerant in the air conditioning system. Serial numbers lower than JT3DJ81xxxxx38947 use the R12 refrigerant.
• 1994 – A limited edition called the Land Cruiser Blue Marlin (FZJ80) was introduced to the Australian market. They have 4.5 L straight 6 petrol engines with double-overhead cams, an automatic or manual transmission and 158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4,600 rpm. The car is blue from the Blue Marlin fish and they have the Blue Marlin logo throughout the car. Some of the features that the Blue Marlin included were altimeters, power windows, disc brakes, leather gear knob and steering wheel, central locking, leather trim, chrome handles and sidesteps, 16-inch alloy wheels, limited-slip differential, anti-lock brakes (ABS), power steering, CD or cassette players, fender flares, and a limited edition bull bar. Only 500 were made.
• 1995 – Driver and passenger airbags were introduced as were adjustable shoulder-belt anchors and an anti-lock braking system. The «T O Y O T A» badge was replaced with the modern, ovoid Toyota logo.
• 1996 – In the Dakar Rally, a pair of Land Cruisers finished first and second in the unmodified production class. North American and British models adopted anti-lock brakes and airbags as standard equipment. The Land Cruiser was withdrawn from Canada this year and was replaced by the more luxurious Lexus LX 450.
• 1997 – A limited run of Land Cruiser 80 was built specifically for collectors and is therefore called the Land Cruiser Collector’s Edition. The Collector’s Edition has Collectors Edition badging, «Collector’s Edition» embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, wheels with the «D» windows painted dark grey and special grey side moldings along with black pearl badging. The Collector’s Edition was only available for the 1997 model year and the package was added to many of the available body colours.
• 1997 – A total of 4,744 FZJ80 Land Cruisers were sold in the United States as «40th Anniversary Limited Edition» models. They were available in 2 colours; Antique Sage Pearl (often referred to as Riverrock, Pewter, or Grey) and Emerald Green. The 40th Anniversary models included apron badges, a serial number badge on the centre console, black pearl exterior badges, «40th Anniversary Limited Edition» embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, two-tone tan and brown leather interiors, and wheels with the «D» windows painted dark gray. Many were manufactured with the optional electric front and rear locking differentials, keyless entry, port-installed roof racks and running boards. There are some examples that did not have many of these optional extras. This was the last year for the electric locking front differentials.
• 2007 – Last 80-Series models was built in Venezuela^[42][38] which was the only country producing the vehicles after production ended in Japan in 1997.

Gallery

Designation	Engine	Power	Torque	Availability
FJ80R/L	3F-E 4.0 L petrol I6	112 kW (152 PS; 150 hp) at 4,000 rpm	290 N⋅m (214 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm	Australia, North America
FZJ80	1FZ-F 4.5 L petrol I6	140 kW (190 PS; 188 hp) at 4,400 rpm	363 N⋅m (268 lb⋅ft) at 3,200 rpm	Venezuela, Colombia
FZJ80R/L	1FZ-FE 4.5 L petrol I6	158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4,600 rpm	373 N⋅m (275 lb⋅ft) at 3,200 rpm	Australia, Gulf Cooperation Council states, North Africa, North America
HDJ80R	1HD-T 4.2 L turbodiesel I6	115 kW (156 PS; 154 hp) at 3,600 rpm	357 N⋅m (263 lb⋅ft) at 1,800 rpm	Australia
HZJ80R	1HZ 4.2 L diesel I6	96 kW (131 PS; 129 hp) at 4,000 rpm	271 N⋅m (200 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm	Australia

R means Right-hand drive version, excluding Japanese domestic market.

J100 (1998)[edit]

J100
Toyota Land Cruiser (J100) Pre-facelift
Overview
Also called	Lexus LX 470
Production	January 1998–August 2007
Model years	1999–2007
Assembly	Japan: Toyota City (ARACO) China: Changchun City (Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor) (2003-2008)
Designer	Takeo Kondo (1993)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door SUV
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 4.5 L 1FZ-FE I6 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 Diesel: 4.2 L 1HZ I6 4.2 L 1HD-T turbocharged I6 4.2 L 1HD-FTE turbocharged I6
Transmission	4-speed automatic 5-speed automatic 5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length	4,890 mm (192.5 in)
Width	1,941 mm (76.4 in)
Height	1,849 mm (72.8 in)
Curb weight	2,320 kg (5,115 lb)

In January 1998, the 100 series Land Cruiser was introduced to replace the 8-year-old 80 series. The 100 series was previewed in October 1997 as the «Grand Cruiser» at the 32nd Tokyo Motor Show. Development began in 1991 under code name 404T, with the final design being frozen in mid-1994.^[43][44]

There are two distinct versions of the 100-series, the 100 and the 105. The two versions look very similar, but there are significant differences under the bodywork. Despite these differences and official model names, both the 100 and 105 are collectively known as the 100 series.

The 105 carried over the majority of its chassis and powertrain from the 80-series with coil suspended solid axles front and rear, and straight-6 petrol and diesel engines. These models were only sold in African, Australian, Russian, and South American markets.

In 1998, a suspension system combining Active Height Control (AHC) and Skyhook TEMS Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension on the Land Cruiser J100 was introduced.^[45]

In 2002, Toyota introduced Night View, the first worldwide series production active automotive night vision system, on the Toyota Land Cruiser Cygnus or Lexus LX470. This system uses the headlight projectors emitting near infrared light aimed like the car’s highbeam headlights and a CCD camera then captures that reflected radiation, this signal is then processed by a computer which produces a black-and-white image which is projected on the lower section of the windshield.^[46] It was also the first Toyota vehicle with roll-over sensor and control logic.^[47]

The 100 models were fitted with a slightly wider chassis,^[48] independent front suspension (IFS) and two new engines. The change to IFS was a first for a Land Cruiser, and was made (in combination with rack-and-pinion steering) to improve on-road handling. However it also limited the vehicle’s off-road capability and durability, hence the decision to offer the solid axle 105 models alongside the IFS 100 models in some markets was made. The table below identifies the range of 100 and 105 models and their worldwide availability.

Despite the 100 and 105 bodies being very similar, there are some exterior visual indications between both models. The most obvious is the front end of the vehicle often appearing lower than the rear on the 100 models, due to the IFS. The other indicator is the design of the wheels. The 100 models have almost flat wheel designs, while the 105 models have dished wheels. This difference allows both versions to retain similar wheel tracks, despite the 100 having a relatively wider axle track to allow for the IFS system.

The introduction of a V8 engine was also a first for a Land Cruiser, and was specifically intended to improve sales in the North-American market, where it was the only engine available. In Australia, the 100 V8 was initially only available in the range-topping GXV model, while entry and mid-range models were the 105 powered by the 1FZ-FE I6 petrol, or 1HZ diesel engines. The new 1HD-FTE turbo-diesel 100 was added to the Australian range in October 2000 after being available in Europe and the UK since the vehicle’s launch in 1998. The automotive press in Australia were critical of Toyota’s decision to offer the acclaimed 1HD-FTE engine only in combination with IFS. Australian 4WD Monthly magazine stated «We will never forgive Toyota for going independent at the front with the mighty 4.2 turbo-diesel».

The 100 series formed the basis for the Lexus LX 470, which was also sold in Japan as the Toyota Cygnus.

The 100 series was called the Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon in the UK and Ireland from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000, Toyota celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Land Cruiser with commemorative models offered in several countries. Total global production to date was 3.72 million vehicles.

The 100 series remained in production until late 2007, with several minor facelifts such as headlights, taillights, front grille, rear spoiler and specification changes introduced over the years.

Designation	Engine	Power	Torque	Availability
HZJ105	1HZ 4.2 L diesel I6	96 kW (131 PS; 129 hp) at 3,800 rpm	271 N⋅m (200 lb⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, Middle East, South America
FZJ105	1FZ-FE 4.5 L petrol I6	180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) at 4,600 rpm	410 N⋅m (302 lb⋅ft) at 3,600 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, Middle East, South America
FZJ100	1FZ-FE 4.5 L petrol I6	180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) at 4,600 rpm	410 N⋅m (302 lb⋅ft) at 3,600 rpm	Middle East, China
UZJ100	2UZ-FE 4.7 L petrol V8	170 kW (231 PS; 228 hp) at 4,800 rpm	410 N⋅m (302 lb⋅ft) at 3,400 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, China, Europe, Japan, Middle East, North America, UK
HDJ1001	1HD-T 4.2 L turbodiesel I6	123 kW (167 PS; 165 hp) at 3,600 rpm	352 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm	Africa, South America
HDJ1002	1HD-FTE 4.2 L turbodiesel I6	150 kW (204 PS; 201 hp) at 3,400 rpm	430 N⋅m (317 lb⋅ft) at 1,400 rpm	Australia*, Europe, Japan, Middle East, New Zealand, UK

*This engine was not introduced in Australia until 2000.

The 100-series is generally considered a durable and reliable vehicle, however there have been three known issues identified, generally for vehicles operating in harsh conditions:

• The IFS 100-series gained a reputation for front suspension failures in operating conditions where the front suspension was prone to hitting the bump stops. Several companies produce strengthened lower wishbones to prevent cracks from developing.^[49]
• Both the IFS 100 and Live-axle 105 models have been reported to be suffering from broken front differential centres when driven in harsh conditions.^[50] The most common front differential failures in IFS models are reported in vehicles produced between mid-1997 and mid-1999 (i.e. the model years 1998 and 1999), when Toyota fitted the 100 Series IFS with a 2-pinion front differential (the pinion gear would flex away from the ring gear under shock loads). In 1999 (model year 2000) the IFS Landcruiser received a 4-pinion front differential that was more robust – fewer failures were reported.^[51][52]

Gallery

J200 (2007)[edit]

J200
2011 Toyota Land Cruiser (UZJ200; pre-facelift)
Overview
Also called	Lexus LX (J200) Toyota Roraima (Venezuela) Toyota Land Cruiser V8 (Europe)
Production	September 2007 – March 2021[53]
Model years	2008–2021 (US)
Assembly	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Yoshiwara plant);[23] Tahara, Aichi (Tahara plant)[54] China: Changchun (SFTM; 2008–2016)
Designer	Takumi Nakamura, Takayasu Furukawa, Hideo Karikomi, Jinichi Sato and Kengo Iwanaga[55] Tetsu Endō (2012 facelift)[citation needed] Keisuke Matsuno and Kouji Katsuno (2015 facelift)[56]
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door SUV
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 4.6 L 1UR-FE V8[57] 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8[58] 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8[59] Diesel: 4.5 L 1VD-FTV turbocharged V8
Power output	170–202 kW (228–271 hp; 231–275 PS) (1GR-FE) 227–234 kW (304–314 hp; 309–318 PS) (1UR-FE) 202–212 kW (271–284 hp; 275–288 PS) (2UZ-FE) 270–284 kW (362–381 hp; 367–386 PS) (3UR-FE) 136–213 kW (182–286 hp; 185–290 PS) (1VD-FTV)
Transmission	5-speed manual 5-speed automatic 6-speed automatic 8-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length	4,990 mm (196.5 in)
Width	1,980 mm (78.0 in)
Height	1,945–1,970 mm (76.6–77.6 in) (adjustable)
Curb weight	2,405–2,740 kg (5,302–6,041 lb)
Chronology
Successor	Toyota Sequoia (XK80) (North America)

In 2002, a 5-year development plan on a successor to the 100-series platform commenced under Sadayoshi Koyari and Tetsuya Tada. By 2004, 10 years after the design selection of its predecessor in 1994, a final production design was settled on for the 2008 J200. Prototype related tests were conducted for over 2 years between 2004 and early 2007. The redesigned Toyota Land Cruiser was introduced in late 2007. Known as the 200 Series, it shares the Lexus LX 570’s platform and overall design. The frame was new, derived from the second-generation Tundra^{[citation needed]} but shortened and strengthened by 20 percent. Bigger brake rotors and calipers were added and the front suspension was strengthened. The underbelly is also protected by skid plates. The roof pillars were redesigned to better protect occupants in a rollover.

The 200 Series encountered some criticism due to its bland body restyling, with some^[who?] claiming that Toyota has ‘overdeveloped’ the classic trademarked Land Cruiser identity in its efforts to fit the Land Cruiser into modern 21st century motoring and vehicle design.

The vehicle entered production in September 2007 and was available for sale from September or November, depending on country. It became available in Venezuela for sale in early November of the same year under the local nickname of «Roraima» (taken from Mount Roraima).

The 200 Series, offered numerous features and upgrades over its predecessor not limited to the cosmetic changes made to the body and interior, including:

• Smart Entry — A sensor is triggered when the remote is brought near the vehicle, allowing the user to simply touch the door handle to open it.
• Smart Start — Start/Stop push button for ignition; a key is not required.
• 4-zone climate control on Sahara models, with outlet vents increased from 18 to 28
• 10 airbags (VX & Sahara)
• A stronger and lighter frame

Various driver assist technologies not offered on previous models are included as standard, including:

• CRAWL, a four-wheel drive control system that operates like an off-road cruise control, automatically maintaining a low uniform vehicle speed using brakes and throttle
• Downhill Assist Control
• Multi-terrain anti-lock braking system (ABS)
• Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (KDSS), allows for greater wheel articulation
• An optional rear-view camera (VX)
• Leather seats are available in full option (VX)

Engine and transmission improvements include:

• An all new optional V8 diesel engine, the Toyota VD engine (a twin-turbocharged version of the engine used in the 70 Series since 2007).
• Automatic transmission included as standard across all levels of trim of the 200 Series, a five-speed manual transmission is offered only with the 4.0 L GX models (in selected regions). A five-speed automatic gearbox is assigned to the 4.7 L petrol models, while the 4.5 L diesel models receive a six-speed automatic.

In Japan, the Land Cruiser had an update in 2009 when it received the 4.6 L V8 1UR-FE engine and the gearbox was replaced with a 6-speed automatic.^[60] Although the new 4608 cc 1UR-FE is smaller than the old 4663 cc 2UZ-FE engine, the power has been increased from 212 to 234 kW (288 to 318 PS; 284 to 314 hp), torque increased from 448 to 460 N⋅m (330 to 339 lb⋅ft) and fuel consumption improved from 6.6 to 7.1 km/L (19 to 20 mpg_‑imp; 16 to 17 mpg_‑US) (Japan 10·15 mode measurement).

In the Middle East, the Land Cruiser 200 series was introduced in late 2007 as a 2008 model, for 2008 to 2010 there was three engine choices:

• 179 kW (243 PS; 240 hp) 4.0 L 1GR-FE petrol engine
• 202 kW (275 PS; 271 hp) 2UZ-FE petrol engine
• 162–173 kW (220–235 PS; 217–232 hp) 1VD-FTV 4.5 L turbo diesel engine^[61]

In Europe and Asia, the Euro4 diesel (2007-2010) model had 213 kW (286 hp).

Starting in 2011, the 270 kW (367 PS; 362 hp) 3UR-FE engine was offered along with the previous engines.^[62] For 2012, the 1GR-FE gained dual VVT-i and power
was increased to 202 kW (275 PS; 271 hp), the 4.7 L 2UZ-FE was dropped in favour of the new 227 kW (309 PS; 304 hp) 4.6 L 1UR-FE, and the 5.7 L and 4.5 L diesel were unchanged, although the latter was dropped in some markets.^[63]

In North America, the Land Cruiser 200 series is offered with one trim level and engine, the 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 petrol engine producing 284 kW (386 PS; 381 hp) and 544 N⋅m (401 lb⋅ft) of torque channeled through a six-speed automatic. Towing is rated at 3,700 kg (8,200 lb). Beige or black leather upholstery is standard along with a 14 speaker JBL sound system. The only wheel choice is 18 in (460 mm) allowing a lot of sidewall so the vehicle can be driven off-road without modification though a more aggressive tread pattern is advised for deep mud.

For the 2013 model year, Toyota added all previously optional safety and luxury options as standard. The Land Cruiser now gets pushbutton start, HID headlights with beam level adjustment, a power moonroof, automatic rain sensing windshield wipers, heated and ventilated (perforated leather) front and only heated rear seats, a rear-seat DVD entertainment system, bluetooth, rearview camera with parking sensors, navigation system, HD radio and Entune. Another new feature is the Multi-terrain Select system which helps control wheelspin and brake lockup giving the selectable choices of: Rock, Rock & Dirt, Mogul, Loose Rock, and Mud & Sand and with an addition to the Multi-terrain Select system a feature known as adaptive Anti-lock Braking system which adapts to the condition of the road like mud or sand and efficiently uses the ABS to reduce braking distance on any type of terrain.^[64]

In Oceania, the 200 Series is offered in four different levels of trim: GX, GXL, VX and Sahara.

In August 2015, Toyota launched an updated, face-lifted version of the J200 Land Cruiser in Japan, which was later sold globally. This version first appeared in the United States in 2015 for the 2016 model year. The new version has several mechanical changes, including a new 8-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission (ECT-i) mated to the original 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 petrol engine, larger front disc brakes, and a higher axle ratio (3.30:1 vs 3.90:1 in the previous years). Updates to the front fascia, grill, headlamps (with daylight running lamps), rear tail lamps and bumpers were the main exterior highlights of the facelift. Interior changes included a new multimedia system and interface with larger screens front and back, as well as refreshed interior styling.

In China, the Land Cruiser 200 was produced from 2008 to 2016 by Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor. The 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 and 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 were the available engine choices – both paired to a 5-speed automatic gearbox. Trim levels were the 4.0 GX-R, 4.0 VX, 4.7 VX and 4.7 VX-R.^[65]

In February 2019, Toyota introduced a Heritage edition of the Land Cruiser at the Chicago Auto Show as part of the 60th anniversary of the introduction of the FJ40. Toyota will only build 1200 vehicles and they will only be available as a 5-seater sold in the United States. Sales are expected to begin in the third quarter of 2019 for the 2020 model year.^[66]

In December 2020, Toyota confirmed to Road & Track that the Land Cruiser would be discontinued in North America after 2021.^[67]

Gallery

J300 (2021)[edit]

J300
2021 Toyota Land Cruiser ZX (VJA300)
Overview
Production	March 2021 – present
Model years	2022–present (Middle East)
Assembly	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Yoshiwara plant)
Designer	List Masaki Okue, Masanori Kinoshita, Takeshi Ogawa, Hironami Haga, and Hisayuki Tashiro[68][69] Mineo Imaiida and Kazunori Ueda (GR Sport)[70]
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door SUV
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Platform	TNGA: GA-F[71]
Related	Lexus LX (J310) Toyota Sequoia (XK80) Toyota Tundra (XK70)[72][73]
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 3.4 L V35A-FTS twin-turbo V6 (VJA300) 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 (GRJ300) Diesel: 3.3 L F33A-FTV twin-turbo V6 (FJA300)
Power output	305 kW (409 hp; 415 PS) (V35A-FTS) 201 kW (270 hp; 273 PS) (1GR-FE) 220–227 kW (295–304 hp; 299–309 PS) (F33A-FTV)
Transmission	6-speed automatic (GRJ300) 10-speed AWR10L65 automatic (VJA300/FJA300)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Length	4,950–4,985 mm (194.9–196.3 in)
Width	1,980–1,990 mm (78.0–78.3 in)
Height	1,945 mm (76.6 in)
Curb weight	2,310–2,645 kg (5,093–5,831 lb)

The J300 series Land Cruiser was unveiled on 9 June 2021.^[71] Its development was led by Toyota chief engineer Takami Yokoo.^[74] Built on the body-on-frame GA-F platform, the frame itself was redesigned to reduce weight and increase rigidity. The total weight of the vehicle was reduced by 200 kg (441 lb) compared to its predecessor. Other improvements claimed include lowered center of gravity, weight distribution, and an improved suspension structure.

Exterior dimensions including the total length, total width, and wheelbase, as well as both the departure and approach angles have been kept largely same as the previous model to retain its off-road performance. It carries over the approach angle of 32 degrees from its predecessor. The departure angle can reach up to 26.5 degrees depending on the version, while ground clearance measures 230 mm (9.1 in). Toyota has equipped the vehicle with an adaptive variable suspension (AVS), an upgraded Electronic Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (E-KDSS), a more advanced Multi-Terrain Select system with Deep Snow and Auto modes, and a Multi-Terrain Monitor system which incorporates an underbody camera.^[75]

For this generation, Toyota ceased to offer V8 engine options in favour of a 3.4-litre V35A-FTS twin-turbocharged V6 petrol engine producing 305 kW (409 hp; 415 PS), and a 3.3-litre F33A-FTV twin-turbocharged V6 diesel engine producing 227 kW (304 hp; 309 PS).^[76] A 4.0-litre naturally-aspirated V6 engine is carried over from the previous model.^[77]

A GR Sport/GR-S variant is also available for the first time. It is 5 mm (0.2 in) shorter than the standard model, and uses more body adhesive to enhance structural rigidity. The GR Sport model also offers front and rear differential locking, as opposed to only centre locking in the standard 300 Series.^[78][79]

It went on sale in the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait on 20 June 2021, in Japan on 2 August 2021, in Australia on 5 October 2021, and in Indonesia on 13 January 2022.^[80] The Japanese model is available in four 7-seat petrol grades: AX, VX, GR Sport and ZX, one 5-seat petrol grade: GX and two 5-seat diesel grades: GR Sport and ZX.^[76][81][82] The Australian model is available in six grades: GX, GXL, VX, Sahara, GR Sport and Sahara ZX.^[83][84][85] The Indonesian model is available in two grades: VX-R and GR-S.

Toyota stated that the J300 series Land Cruiser would not be available in the United States due to slow sales for its J200 series predecessor, as well as limited production capacity; the related Lexus LX remains available due to better sales.^[86] Other than Lexus vehicles, the Sequoia became Toyota’s flagship SUV sold in North America.^[87]

• 

  2021 Toyota Land Cruiser VX (VJA300W)

• 

  2021 Toyota Land Cruiser VX (VJA300W)

• 

  2021 Toyota Land Cruiser ZX (VJA300)

• 

  2021 Toyota Land Cruiser GR Sport 3.3 Diesel (FJA300W)

• 

  Interior

Sales[edit]

Year	Japan[88]	Australia	United States	Saudi Arabia
1999			18,602[citation needed]
2000			15,509[89]
2001			7,591[89]
2002			6,752[90]
2003			6,671[90]
2004	4,996		6,778[91]
2005	5,895		4,870[91]
2006	4,431		3,376[92]
2007	4,946		3,251[92]
2008	8,094		3,898[93]
2009	2,772		2,261[94]
2010	2,908		1,807[94]
2011	3,146		1,662[95]
2012	4,109		2,895[96]
2013	3,990		3,082[97]
2014	3,800		3,158[97]
2015	3,360	9,202[98]	2,687[99]
2016	6,020	11,813[100]	3,705[101]
2017	4,250	12,814[102]	3,100[103]
2018	3,610	13,677[104]	3,222[105]
2019	2,650	13,802[106]	3,536[105]
2020	1,960	15,078[107]	3,147[108]	7,430[109]
2021	1,530	14,356[110]	3,711[111]

Use by militant groups and military forces[edit]

Owing to its durability and reliability, the Land Cruiser, along with the smaller Toyota Hilux, has become popular among militant groups in war-torn regions.^[112] U.S. counter-terror officials enquired of Toyota how the extremist group Islamic State had apparently acquired large numbers of Toyota Land Cruisers and Hiluxes. Mark Wallace, the CEO of the Counter Extremism Project said, «Regrettably, the Toyota Land Cruiser and Hilux have effectively become almost part of the ISIS brand.»^[113]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Wohlfarth, Alexander (2018). The Land Cruiser Legend. Heel-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-95843-301-4.

Videos

• Why The Toyota Land Cruiser Is Disappearing From America. US: CNBC. 7 November 2019. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

External links[edit]

• Official website (global)
• Toyota Land Cruiser data Library

Вопрос: — Как правильно произносится модель Land Cruiser марки Toyota. Как правильно произносится модель Land Cruiser марки Toyota? Ответ: Лэнд Крузер…Ответ: Land Cruiser – Крузак, Кукурузер, ГрузакLand Cruiser Prado – Прадик, ПрадедОтвет: «Toyota Land Cruiser» — Как это по-русски?Правильное русское написание: Ленд крузерАльтернативное написание: Лэнд КруизерСленг: КрузакНеправильное русское написание: Лэндкруизер, Ландкруизер, Ланд КруизерОтвет: Лэнд крузер марки тойота….

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<>

land cruiser

существительное

мн.
land cruisers

Land Cruiser

м.р.
(Toyota, car model)

Basically, it’s a countryside sport, for people who have Land Rovers, Land Cruisers, tough stuff like that.

В основном, это спортивный отдых в сельской местности для людей на Land Rover, Land Cruiser, и прочей тяжелой технике.

Контексты

1 Land Cruiser pick-up
1 пикап «Лэнд Крузер»

A Land Cruiser vehicle was seen in the area opposite Iraq’s Arafat outpost at coordinates 0064.
В районе напротив иранского поста Арафат с координатами 0064 был замечен автомобиль «Лэнд крузер».

This aid consisted of three large trucks loaded with military equipment, three fuel tankers and three Land Cruiser vehicles.
Эта помощь состояла из трех грузовиков с военным снаряжением, трех бензовозов и трех автомобилей «Лэнд крузер».

The rear door of a Land Cruiser vehicle with the registration number 296301 and belonging to Haytham Farid was hit by one round.
Одна из пуль попала в заднюю дверь автомобиля марки «Лэнд крузер» с регистрационным номером 296301, принадлежащего Хайтаму Фариду.

Our heroic forces destroyed both camps, inflicting huge loss of life and of materiel on enemy forces and seizing four Land Cruiser vehicles containing machine guns and large quantities of weapons, munitions and materiel.
Наши героические силы уничтожили оба лагеря, нанеся огромный урон живой силе и технике противника и захватив четыре автомобиля «Лэнд крузер» с пулеметами и большим количеством оружия, боеприпасов и военного имущества.

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Toyota Land Cruiser (рус. Тойота Ленд Кру́зер) — вседорожник, выпускаемый японской компанией Toyota Motor Corporation с 1953 года.

Хронология

• 1950 — война в Корее создала спрос на легкие военные внедорожники. Правительство США объявило тендер на 100 машин. Тойота не участвовала в этом тендере. Во второй половине года Тойота прошла тендерную комиссию на получение контракта по выпуску автомобилей типа Jeep для Национальной Полиции.
• 1953 — началось производство первого в истории компании Toyota полноприводного автомобиля Toyota BJ.
• 1954 — модель Toyota BJ стала называться Land Cruiser. Название «Land Cruiser» придумал технический директор компании Хенджи Умехара: «В Англии у нас был еще один конкурент — Land Rover. Мне нужно было придумать название, не менее звучное, чем у наших конкурентов. Поэтому я решил назвать машину Land Cruiser («Наземный Крейсер»).
• 1955 — начало производства Land Cruiser BJ20.
• 1960 — Land Cruiser 40 series заменяет Land Cruiser 20 series.
• 1961—1965 — производство перешагнуло 50 000 рубеж. Самый продаваемый автомобиль в США.
• 1967 — начат выпуск Toyota Land Cruiser 55 series, выпускавшейся параллельно с моделью Land Cruiser 40 series.
• 1980 — Toyota Land Cruiser 55 series заменен моделью Land Cruiser 60 series.
• 1984 — Land Cruiser 40 заменен моделью Land Cruiser 70.
• 1987 — появление первого поколения Toyota Land Cruiser Prado.
• 1990 — дебютирует Toyota Land Cruiser 80.
• 1996 — начат выпуск первого вседорожника Toyota с полностью независимой передней подвеской — Land Cruiser 90 Prado.
• 1998 — Land Cruiser 100.
• 1999 — получает независимый климат-контроль для задних пассажиров.
• 2000 — 50-я годовщина продаж Land Cruiser. Продано в этом году 191 000 автомобилей. Всего продано 3,72 миллиона автомобилей.
• 2001 — небольшая модернизация оборудования.
• 2002 — Land Cruiser 120 Prado.
• 2007 — Land Cruiser 200 приходит на смену Land Cruiser 100.
• 2009 — Land Cruiser 150 Prado приходит на смену Land Cruiser 120 Prado.

Toyota BJ (1954 — 1955)

При разработке первого поколения внедорожника специалисты концерна Toyota воспользовались концепцией легендарного Willys MB, однако, в основе японской конструкции лежало шасси грузовика Toyota SB (грузоподъёмность — 1000 кг). Впервые в мировой практике полноприводный легковой автомобиль получил не 4-х, а 6-цилиндровый двигатель. На внедорожник под рабочим названием Toyota Jeep установили рядный двигатель Toyota B образца 1937 года с рабочим объёмом 3386 куб.см и мощностью 82 л.с. МКПП являлась трёхступенчатой, а понижающая передача в трансмиссии предусмотрена не была.

В 1953 году Toyota изготовила 298 экземпляров внедорожников BJ, большая часть из которых была отгружена в Национальные силы полицейского резерва и Министерство лесного и сельского хозяйства Японии.

В 1955 году появилось второе поколение внедорожника, базовая модель семейства называлась Toyota Land Cruiser BJ20, но некоторое время продолжался и выпуск базового джипа.^[1]

Toyota Land Cruiser 40 (1960 — 1984)

Серия Land Cruiser J40 появилась в 1960 году, и сперва в неё входили только автомобили с бензиновыми моторами. Согласно японской автомобильной классификации тех лет, подобные транспортные средства обозначались как тяжёлые, что означало высокие ставки транспортного налога. Но в 1974 году в семействе J40 появился внедорожник, с которого классифицировать транспортные средства такого класса стали по-новому. Инженерам Toyota Motor удалось расточить имевшийся в наличии дизельный двигатель Toyota B до 3 литров, который стали устанавливать на Land Cruiser (модель BJ40). Обозначение моделей — FJ4x (бензиновые двигатели F, 2F), BJ4x (дизельные двигатели).

В результате получился автомобиль, который стал пользоваться хорошим спросом не только среди организаций, но и среди частных лиц. По сути, Toyota Land Cruiser BJ40 и стал отправной точкой в популяризации силовых агрегатов такого типа на легковых автомобилях и внедорожниках.

Toyota Land Cruiser 80 (1988 — 1998)

Toyota Land Cruiser 80 дебютировал в 1988 году. Моторы представлены рядными шестицилиндровыми агрегатами: бензиновыми, дизельными и турбодизельными. Бензиновые двигатели были как карбюраторные 3F-E 4.0 л до 1992 года (155 л. с.), 1FZ-F 4.5 л (190 л. с.), так и инжекторные 1FZ-FE 4.5 л (205–215 л. с.). Безнаддувный атмосферный дизель 1HZ объёмом 4.2 л (некоторые люди, эксплуатирующие этот двигатель, считают его ресурс безграничным) представлен в нескольких модификациях мощностью от 120 л. с. до 136 л. с. Его версия с наличием турбонаддува называется 1HD-T 4.2 л (165 л. с.), а в 24-клапанном исполнении — 1HD-FT (170 л. с.). В марте 1998 года производство Toyota Land Cruiser 80 было прекращено.

Toyota Land Cruiser 100 (1997 — 2007)

Внедорожник, относящийся к классу Station Wagon по внутренней классификации автопроизводителя, был представлен в 1997 году на международном токийском автосалоне, после чего началось его производство, а продажи стартовали в начале 1998 года. Land Cruiser 100 технически представлял собой классический рамный внедорожник с традиционным расположением агрегатов и независимой передней подвеской (только в комплектации GX (Land Cruiser 105) устанавливалась зависимая передняя подвеска (неразрезной мост).

Toyota Land Cruiser 100 оснащался двумя бензиновыми (рядный 6-цилиндровый, 4,5 литра и V-образный 8-цилиндровый, 4,7 литра) и тремя дизельными двигателями (4,2-литровый блок цилиндров, существовал в атмосферной модификации и версиях с одним или двумя наддувами). Предлагаемые для Land Cruiser 100 коробки передач — 4-ступенчатая автоматическая и 5-ступенчатая механическая.

В 2003 году внедорожник претерпел рестайлинг: изменилась головная оптика, бамперы, отделка салона. На рынке США обновлённый Land Cruiser стали обозначать как Land Cruiser Amason, чтобы избежать путаницы с набирающей популярность моделью Prado.

Специалисты относят к слабым местам всех без исключения Land Cruiser 100 рулевую рейку и нижние рычаги передней подвески, которые отличаются небольшим ресурсом при эксплуатации на плохих дорогах, а также требующие периодического обслуживания шлицевые соединения карданных валов.^[2]

Toyota Land Cruiser Cygnus (1998 — 2007)

В декабре 1998 года на внутреннем японском рынке в продаже появился Land Cruiser Cygnus — представительский внедорожник, представляющий собой модернизированный с учётом пожеланий покупателей престижных автомобилей Land Cruiser 100. От базового автомобиля версия Cygnus отличается иным оформлением передней части кузова (например, четырёхсекционной головной оптикой) и отделкой интерьера такими материалами как натуральная кожа и ореховое дерево, в штатную комплектацию Land Cruiser Cygnus входят, например, камера заднего вида и DVD-чейнджер.

Единственный доступный для автомобиля двигатель — 4,7-литровый 2UZ-FE мощностью 235 л.с., работающий в паре с автоматической коробкой переключения передач. В базовую комплектацию Toyota Land Cruiser Cygnus входит система автоматической регулировки гидроподвески TEMS (уровень жесткости и высота дорожного просвета меняются либо автоматически в зависимости от режима движения, либо устанавливаются по требованию водителя). Максимальная высота клиренса внедорожника составляет 270 мм (на бездорожье), в обычном режиме — 220 мм.^[3]

В 2002 году внедорожник претерпел рестайлинг,замену автоматической коробки передач с четырехступенчатой на пятиступенчатую. на российский рынок Toyota Land Cruiser Cygnus поставлялась как Lexus LX470.

Toyota Land Cruiser 200 (2007 — настоящее время)

Land Cruiser 200 обладает классической несущей рамой, зависимой задней и независимой передней подвесками. Внедорожники, оснащённые 4,5-литровыми дизельными двигателями (235 л.с.) официально в Россию поставляются, и такие двигатели работают в паре с АКПП, в которой присутствует ручной режим переключения передач. Центральный дифференциал Toyota Land Cruiser 200 — узел повышенного трения Torsen, присутствует возможность его принудительной блокировки. К особенностям ABS последнего поколения, которая применена на автомобиле, можно отнести динамическую адаптацию системы к ландшафту, по которому внедорожник движется.

Модификация	Цена*	Топливо	Привод	Мощность	Разгон до 100 км/ч	Расход топлива
4.5 TD AT		дизель	полный	235 л.с.	8.9 с	н. д.
Элеганс	3 150 000 Р
Люкс	3 270 000 Р
4.6 AT		бензин	полный	309 л.с.	8.6 с	н. д.
Люкс	3 294 000 Р

Модельный ряд

• Toyota Land Cruiser 100 J6
• Toyota Land Cruiser 100 J7
• Toyota Land Cruiser 100 J9
• Toyota Land Cruiser 100 J8
• Toyota Land Cruiser 100 J10
• Toyota Land Cruiser 105
• Toyota Land Cruiser Prado 120
• Toyota Land Cruiser Prado 150
• Toyota Land Criuser 200 (2007 — настоящее время)
• Toyota Land Cruiser 40
• Toyota Land Cruiser 70 (HZJ70)
• Toyota Land Cruiser 71 (HZJ71)
• Toyota Land Cruiser 71 (LJ71G)
• Toyota Land Cruiser 76 (HZJ76)
• Toyota Land Cruiser 79 (HZJ79)
• Toyota Land Cruiser 78 (HZJ78)
• Toyota Land Cruiser 80
• Toyota Land Cruiser 90 Prado
• Toyota Land Cruiser Hardtop

Галерея

Heavy Duty

• 

  Serie 40

• 

  Serie 70 Heavy

Station Wagon

• 

  Tipo 55

• 

  Serie 60

• 

  Serie 80

• 

  Serie 100

• 

  Serie 200

Light Duty

• 

  Serie 70 Light

• 

  Serie 70 Light

• 

  Serie 90

• 

  Serie 120

• 

  Serie 150

Примечания

Toyota Motor Corporation
Подразделения	Toyota Group • Toyota Labs • Toyota Motor Corporation • Toyota Housing
Бренды	Toyota • Lexus • Scion • Daihatsu • Hino Motors • Subaru (FHI 8.9%) • Isuzu (5.9%)
Текущие модели	4Runner • Allion • Alphard • Aqua • Auris • Aurion • Avalon • Avanza • Avensis • Aygo • bB • Belta/Vios • Blade • Camry (Hybrid • Solara)  • Century • Coaster • Corolla (Axio • Fielder • Rumion • Verso)  • Crown (Athlete • Comfort • Hybrid • Majesta • Royal)  • Dyna • Estima/Previa (Hybrid)  • FJ Cruiser • Fortuner  • Harrier (Hybrid)  • Hiace • Highlander (Hybrid)  • Hilux (Surf/4Runner • VIGO)  • Innova • Ipsum • iQ • Isis • ist • Kijang • Kluger (Kluger Hybrid)  • Land Cruiser (Prado)  • Liteace • Mark X/Riez (ZiO)  • Matrix • Noah • Passo (Passo Sette)  • Porte • Premio • Prius • Probox • Quick Delivery • Ractis • Raum • RAV4 • Regius Ace • Rush • Semibon • Sequoia • Sienna • Sienta • Soluna Vios • Succeed • Tacoma • TownAce • ToyoAce  • Tundra • Urban Cruiser • Vanguard • Vellfire • Venza • Verso • Vitz/Yaris • Voxy  • WISH
Прошлые модели	2000GT • AA • Allex • Altezza • Aristo • Brevis • Caldina • Cami • Carina (ED)  • Celica (GT-Four)  • Celsior • Chaser • Classic • Corona • Corona EXiV  • Corolla Ceres • Corolla Spacio • Corsa • Cressida • Cresta • Curren • Cynos • FA/DA • DA115 • Duet  • Echo • FJ40 • Fun Cargo  • Gaia  • Granvia • Grand Hiace • Lexcen • Mark II (Blit • Qualis)  • Mega Cruiser • MR2 • MR-S • Opa  • Origin • Paseo • Picnic • Platz • Progrès • Pronard • Publica • Regius  • Revo • Scepter • Sports 800 • SA • Sera • Soarer • Sprinter  • Sprinter Marino • Starlet • Stout • Supra • T100 • Tamaraw • Tercel • Tiara • Van • Verossa • Vista • Voltz • WiLL • Windom
Концепт-кары	1957 Sports • Sports X  • 4500GT • A-BAT • Alessandro Volta • Avalon • AXV-IV • CAL-1 • Camry TS-01 • Celica Cruising Deck • Corona Sports Coupe • CS&S • eCom • EX-1 • EX-11 • EX-3 • EX-7 • F101 • F1/Ultimate Celica • F3R • Fine-N • Fine-S • Fine-X • FT-86 • FT-HS • FT-SX • FTX • FX-1 • FXV • FXV-II • FXS • GTV  • Hybrid X • i-swing • i-unit • Marinetta • Marinetta 10 • Motor Triathlon Race Car • MP-1  • NLSV • PM • Pod • Project Go  • Publica Sports • RiN • RSC • RV-1 • RV-2 • Sport • Sportivo Coupe • Station Wagon • Street Affair  • SV-1 • SV-3 • TAC3 • VM180 Zagato • X  • XYR
Двигатели	JZ • NZ (1NZ-FXE)
Технологии	Hybrid Synergy Drive • VVT-i
Кэйрэцу	DENSO • Aisin Seiki Co. • Koito
Киитиро Тоёда • Toyota: 14 принципов ведения бизнеса • Город Тоёта • Команда F1 Toyota

Ссылки

Land Cruiser 200 на официальном сайте Toyota