Как правильно пишется autocad

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Developer(s)	Autodesk
Initial release	December 1982; 40 years ago
Stable release	2023 / March 25, 2022; 11 months ago
Operating system	Windows, macOS, iOS, Android
Available in	14 languages
List of languages English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian
Type	Computer-aided design
License	Trialware
Website	www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview

AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,^[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.^[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.^[3] AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps. AutoCAD is primarily used for 2 Dimensional drawings, and even though 3D modeling is available in AutoCAD other computer-aided design software like Fusion 360, Inventor and Solidworks are preferred in 3D modeling.

AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide in 1994.^[1]

Introduction[edit]

AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979^[4] called Interact CAD,^[5][6][7] also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk’s (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle.^[8][9]

The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. AutoCAD supported CP/M-80 computers.^[10] As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide.^[11] The 2022 release marked the 36th major release of AutoCAD for Windows and the 12th consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac. The native file format of AutoCAD is .dwg. This and, to a lesser extent, its interchange file format DXF, have become de facto, if proprietary, standards for CAD data interoperability, particularly for 2D drawing exchange.^[12] AutoCAD has included support for .dwf, a format developed and promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.

File formats[edit]

Filename extensions[edit]

AutoCAD’s native file formats are denoted either by a .dwg, .dwt, .dws, or .dxf filename extension.

The primary file format for 2D and 3D drawing files created with AutoCAD is .dwg. While other third-party CAD software applications can create .dwg files, AutoCAD uniquely creates RealDWG files.^[13]

Using AutoCAD, any .dwg file may be saved to a derivative format. These derivative formats include:

• Drawing Template Files .dwt: New .dwg are created from a .dwt file. Although the default template file is acad.dwt for AutoCAD and acadlt.dwt for AutoCAD LT, custom .dwt files may be created to include foundational configurations such as drawing units and layers.
• Drawing Standards File .dws: Using the CAD Standards feature of AutoCAD, a Drawing Standards File may be associated to any .dwg or .dwt file to enforce graphical standards.
• Drawing Interchange Format .dxf: The .dxf format is an ASCII representation of a .dwg file, and is used to transfer data between various applications.^[14]

Features[edit]

Compatibility with other software[edit]

ESRI ArcMap 10 permits export as AutoCAD drawing files. Civil 3D permits export as AutoCAD objects and as LandXML. Third-party file converters exist for specific formats such as Bentley MX GENIO Extension, PISTE Extension (France), ISYBAU (Germany), OKSTRA and Microdrainage (UK);^[15] also, conversion of .pdf files is feasible, however, the accuracy of the results may be unpredictable or distorted. For example, jagged edges may appear. Several vendors provide online conversions for free such as Cometdocs.

Language[edit]

AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian (also through additional language packs).^[16] The extent of localization varies from full translation of the product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized as a part of the software localization.

Extensions[edit]

AutoCAD supports a number of APIs for customization and automation. These include AutoLISP, Visual LISP, VBA, .NET and ObjectARX. ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for:

• products extending AutoCAD functionality to specific fields
• creating products such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D
• third-party AutoCAD-based application

There are a large number of AutoCAD plugins (add-on applications) available on the application store Autodesk Exchange Apps.^[17]
AutoCAD’s DXF, drawing exchange format, allows importing and exporting drawing information.

Vertical integration[edit]

Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs for discipline-specific enhancements such as:

• Advance Steel
• AutoCAD Architecture
• AutoCAD Electrical
• AutoCAD Map 3D
• AutoCAD Mechanical
• AutoCAD MEP
• AutoCAD Plant 3D
• Autodesk Civil 3D

Since AutoCAD 2019 several verticals are included with AutoCAD subscription as Industry-Specific Toolset.

For example, AutoCAD Architecture (formerly Architectural Desktop) permits architectural designers to draw 3D objects, such as walls, doors, and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects, such as lines and circles. The data can be programmed to represent specific architectural products sold in the construction industry, or extracted into a data file for pricing, materials estimation, and other values related to the objects represented.

Additional tools generate standard 2D drawings, such as elevations and sections, from a 3D architectural model. Similarly, Civil Design, Civil Design 3D, and Civil Design Professional support data-specific objects facilitating easy standard civil engineering calculations and representations.

Softdesk Civil was developed as an AutoCAD add-on by a company in New Hampshire called Softdesk (originally DCA). Softdesk was acquired by Autodesk, and Civil became Land Development Desktop (LDD), later renamed Land Desktop. Civil 3D was later developed and Land Desktop was retired.

Variants[edit]

AutoCAD LT[edit]

AutoCAD LT is the lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities, first released in November 1993. Autodesk developed AutoCAD LT to have an entry-level CAD package to compete in the lower price level. Priced at $495, it became the first AutoCAD product priced below $1000. It was sold directly by Autodesk and in computer stores unlike the full version of AutoCAD, which must be purchased from official Autodesk dealers. AutoCAD LT 2015 introduced Desktop Subscription service from $360 per year; as of 2018, three subscription plans were available, from $50 a month to a 3-year, $1170 license.

While there are hundreds of small differences between the full AutoCAD package and AutoCAD LT, there are a few recognized major differences^[18] in the software’s features:

• 3D capabilities: AutoCAD LT lacks the ability to create, visualize and render 3D models as well as 3D printing.
• Network licensing: AutoCAD LT cannot be used on multiple machines over a network.
• Customization: AutoCAD LT does not support customization with LISP, ARX, .NET and VBA.
• Management and automation capabilities with Sheet Set Manager and Action Recorder.
• CAD standards management tools.

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web[edit]

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web (formerly AutoCAD WS and AutoCAD 360)^[19] is an account-based mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit, and share AutoCAD files via mobile device and web^[20] using a limited AutoCAD feature set — and using cloud-stored drawing files. The program, which is an evolution and combination of previous products, uses a freemium business model with a free plan and two paid levels, including various amounts of storage, tools, and online access to drawings. 360 includes new features such as a «Smart Pen» mode and linking to third-party cloud-based storage such as Dropbox. Having evolved from Flash-based software, AutoCAD Web uses HTML5 browser technology available in newer browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome.

AutoCAD WS began with a version for the iPhone and subsequently expanded to include versions for the iPod Touch, iPad, Android phones, and Android tablets.^[21] Autodesk released the iOS version in September 2010,^[22] following with the Android version on April 20, 2011.^[23] The program is available via download at no cost from the App Store (iOS), Google Play (Android) and Amazon Appstore (Android).

In its initial iOS version, AutoCAD WS supported drawing of lines, circles, and other shapes; creation of text and comment boxes; and management of color, layer, and measurements — in both landscape and portrait modes. Version 1.3, released August 17, 2011, added support for unit typing, layer visibility, area measurement and file management.^[20] The Android variant includes the iOS feature set along with such unique features as the ability to insert text or captions by voice command as well as manually.^[23] Both Android and iOS versions allow the user to save files on-line — or off-line in the absence of an Internet connection.^[23]

In 2011, Autodesk announced plans to migrate the majority of its software to «the cloud», starting with the AutoCAD WS mobile application.^[24]

According to a 2013 interview with Ilai Rotbaein, an AutoCAD WS product manager for Autodesk, the name AutoCAD WS had no definitive meaning, and was interpreted variously as Autodesk Web Service, White Sheet or Work Space.^[25] In 2013, AutoCAD WS was renamed to AutoCAD 360.^[26] Later, it was renamed to AutoCAD Web App.

Student versions[edit]

AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to students, educators, and educational institutions, with a 12-month renewable license available. Licenses acquired before March 25, 2020 were a 36-month license, with its last renovation on March 24, 2020.^[27] The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the «educational flag»). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student) older than AutoCAD 2014 SP1 or AutoCAD 2019 and newer, the output includes a plot stamp/banner on all four sides. Objects created in the Student Version cannot be used for commercial use. Student Version objects «infect» a commercial version DWG file if they are imported in versions older than AutoCAD 2015 or newer than AutoCAD 2018.^[28]

Ports[edit]

Windows[edit]

AutoCAD Release 12 in 1992 was the first version of the software to support the Windows platform — in that case Windows 3.1. After Release 14 in 1997, support for MS-DOS, Unix and Macintosh were dropped, and AutoCAD was exclusively Windows supported. In general any new AutoCAD version supports the current Windows version and some older ones. AutoCAD 2016 to 2020 support Windows 7 up to Windows 10.^[29]

Mac[edit]

Autodesk stopped supporting Apple’s Macintosh computers in 1994. Over the next several years, no compatible versions for the Mac were released. In 2010 Autodesk announced that it would once again support Apple’s Mac OS X software in the future.^[30] Most of the features found in the 2012 Windows version can be found in the 2012 Mac version. The main difference is the user interface and layout of the program. The interface is designed so that users who are already familiar with Apple’s macOS software will find it similar to other Mac applications.^[22] Autodesk has also built-in various features in order to take full advantage of Apple’s Trackpad capabilities as well as the full-screen mode in Apple’s OS X Lion.^[21][22] AutoCAD 2012 for Mac supports both the editing and saving of files in DWG formatting that will allow the file to be compatible with other platforms besides macOS.^[21] AutoCAD 2019 for Mac requires Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or later.

AutoCAD LT 2013 was available through the Mac App Store for $899.99. The full-featured version of AutoCAD 2013 for Mac, however, wasn’t available through the Mac App Store due to the price limit of $999 set by Apple. AutoCAD 2014 for Mac was available for purchase from Autodesk’s web site for $4,195 and AutoCAD LT 2014 for Mac for $1,200, or from an Autodesk authorized reseller.^[30] The latest version available for Mac is AutoCAD 2022 as of January 2022.

Version history[edit]

See also[edit]

• Autodesk 3ds Max
• Autodesk Maya
• Autodesk Revit
• AutoShade
• AutoSketch
• Comparison of computer-aided design software
• Design Web Format

Open source CAD software:

• LibreCAD
• FreeCAD
• BRL-CAD

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Developer(s)	Autodesk
Initial release	December 1982; 40 years ago
Stable release	2023 / March 25, 2022; 11 months ago
Operating system	Windows, macOS, iOS, Android
Available in	14 languages
List of languages English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian
Type	Computer-aided design
License	Trialware
Website	www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview

AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,^[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.^[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.^[3] AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps. AutoCAD is primarily used for 2 Dimensional drawings, and even though 3D modeling is available in AutoCAD other computer-aided design software like Fusion 360, Inventor and Solidworks are preferred in 3D modeling.

AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide in 1994.^[1]

Introduction[edit]

AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979^[4] called Interact CAD,^[5][6][7] also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk’s (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle.^[8][9]

The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. AutoCAD supported CP/M-80 computers.^[10] As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide.^[11] The 2022 release marked the 36th major release of AutoCAD for Windows and the 12th consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac. The native file format of AutoCAD is .dwg. This and, to a lesser extent, its interchange file format DXF, have become de facto, if proprietary, standards for CAD data interoperability, particularly for 2D drawing exchange.^[12] AutoCAD has included support for .dwf, a format developed and promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.

File formats[edit]

Filename extensions[edit]

AutoCAD’s native file formats are denoted either by a .dwg, .dwt, .dws, or .dxf filename extension.

The primary file format for 2D and 3D drawing files created with AutoCAD is .dwg. While other third-party CAD software applications can create .dwg files, AutoCAD uniquely creates RealDWG files.^[13]

Using AutoCAD, any .dwg file may be saved to a derivative format. These derivative formats include:

• Drawing Template Files .dwt: New .dwg are created from a .dwt file. Although the default template file is acad.dwt for AutoCAD and acadlt.dwt for AutoCAD LT, custom .dwt files may be created to include foundational configurations such as drawing units and layers.
• Drawing Standards File .dws: Using the CAD Standards feature of AutoCAD, a Drawing Standards File may be associated to any .dwg or .dwt file to enforce graphical standards.
• Drawing Interchange Format .dxf: The .dxf format is an ASCII representation of a .dwg file, and is used to transfer data between various applications.^[14]

Features[edit]

Compatibility with other software[edit]

ESRI ArcMap 10 permits export as AutoCAD drawing files. Civil 3D permits export as AutoCAD objects and as LandXML. Third-party file converters exist for specific formats such as Bentley MX GENIO Extension, PISTE Extension (France), ISYBAU (Germany), OKSTRA and Microdrainage (UK);^[15] also, conversion of .pdf files is feasible, however, the accuracy of the results may be unpredictable or distorted. For example, jagged edges may appear. Several vendors provide online conversions for free such as Cometdocs.

Language[edit]

AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian (also through additional language packs).^[16] The extent of localization varies from full translation of the product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized as a part of the software localization.

Extensions[edit]

AutoCAD supports a number of APIs for customization and automation. These include AutoLISP, Visual LISP, VBA, .NET and ObjectARX. ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for:

• products extending AutoCAD functionality to specific fields
• creating products such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D
• third-party AutoCAD-based application

There are a large number of AutoCAD plugins (add-on applications) available on the application store Autodesk Exchange Apps.^[17]
AutoCAD’s DXF, drawing exchange format, allows importing and exporting drawing information.

Vertical integration[edit]

Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs for discipline-specific enhancements such as:

• Advance Steel
• AutoCAD Architecture
• AutoCAD Electrical
• AutoCAD Map 3D
• AutoCAD Mechanical
• AutoCAD MEP
• AutoCAD Plant 3D
• Autodesk Civil 3D

Since AutoCAD 2019 several verticals are included with AutoCAD subscription as Industry-Specific Toolset.

For example, AutoCAD Architecture (formerly Architectural Desktop) permits architectural designers to draw 3D objects, such as walls, doors, and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects, such as lines and circles. The data can be programmed to represent specific architectural products sold in the construction industry, or extracted into a data file for pricing, materials estimation, and other values related to the objects represented.

Additional tools generate standard 2D drawings, such as elevations and sections, from a 3D architectural model. Similarly, Civil Design, Civil Design 3D, and Civil Design Professional support data-specific objects facilitating easy standard civil engineering calculations and representations.

Softdesk Civil was developed as an AutoCAD add-on by a company in New Hampshire called Softdesk (originally DCA). Softdesk was acquired by Autodesk, and Civil became Land Development Desktop (LDD), later renamed Land Desktop. Civil 3D was later developed and Land Desktop was retired.

Variants[edit]

AutoCAD LT[edit]

AutoCAD LT is the lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities, first released in November 1993. Autodesk developed AutoCAD LT to have an entry-level CAD package to compete in the lower price level. Priced at $495, it became the first AutoCAD product priced below $1000. It was sold directly by Autodesk and in computer stores unlike the full version of AutoCAD, which must be purchased from official Autodesk dealers. AutoCAD LT 2015 introduced Desktop Subscription service from $360 per year; as of 2018, three subscription plans were available, from $50 a month to a 3-year, $1170 license.

While there are hundreds of small differences between the full AutoCAD package and AutoCAD LT, there are a few recognized major differences^[18] in the software’s features:

• 3D capabilities: AutoCAD LT lacks the ability to create, visualize and render 3D models as well as 3D printing.
• Network licensing: AutoCAD LT cannot be used on multiple machines over a network.
• Customization: AutoCAD LT does not support customization with LISP, ARX, .NET and VBA.
• Management and automation capabilities with Sheet Set Manager and Action Recorder.
• CAD standards management tools.

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web[edit]

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web (formerly AutoCAD WS and AutoCAD 360)^[19] is an account-based mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit, and share AutoCAD files via mobile device and web^[20] using a limited AutoCAD feature set — and using cloud-stored drawing files. The program, which is an evolution and combination of previous products, uses a freemium business model with a free plan and two paid levels, including various amounts of storage, tools, and online access to drawings. 360 includes new features such as a «Smart Pen» mode and linking to third-party cloud-based storage such as Dropbox. Having evolved from Flash-based software, AutoCAD Web uses HTML5 browser technology available in newer browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome.

AutoCAD WS began with a version for the iPhone and subsequently expanded to include versions for the iPod Touch, iPad, Android phones, and Android tablets.^[21] Autodesk released the iOS version in September 2010,^[22] following with the Android version on April 20, 2011.^[23] The program is available via download at no cost from the App Store (iOS), Google Play (Android) and Amazon Appstore (Android).

In its initial iOS version, AutoCAD WS supported drawing of lines, circles, and other shapes; creation of text and comment boxes; and management of color, layer, and measurements — in both landscape and portrait modes. Version 1.3, released August 17, 2011, added support for unit typing, layer visibility, area measurement and file management.^[20] The Android variant includes the iOS feature set along with such unique features as the ability to insert text or captions by voice command as well as manually.^[23] Both Android and iOS versions allow the user to save files on-line — or off-line in the absence of an Internet connection.^[23]

In 2011, Autodesk announced plans to migrate the majority of its software to «the cloud», starting with the AutoCAD WS mobile application.^[24]

According to a 2013 interview with Ilai Rotbaein, an AutoCAD WS product manager for Autodesk, the name AutoCAD WS had no definitive meaning, and was interpreted variously as Autodesk Web Service, White Sheet or Work Space.^[25] In 2013, AutoCAD WS was renamed to AutoCAD 360.^[26] Later, it was renamed to AutoCAD Web App.

Student versions[edit]

AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to students, educators, and educational institutions, with a 12-month renewable license available. Licenses acquired before March 25, 2020 were a 36-month license, with its last renovation on March 24, 2020.^[27] The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the «educational flag»). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student) older than AutoCAD 2014 SP1 or AutoCAD 2019 and newer, the output includes a plot stamp/banner on all four sides. Objects created in the Student Version cannot be used for commercial use. Student Version objects «infect» a commercial version DWG file if they are imported in versions older than AutoCAD 2015 or newer than AutoCAD 2018.^[28]

Ports[edit]

Windows[edit]

AutoCAD Release 12 in 1992 was the first version of the software to support the Windows platform — in that case Windows 3.1. After Release 14 in 1997, support for MS-DOS, Unix and Macintosh were dropped, and AutoCAD was exclusively Windows supported. In general any new AutoCAD version supports the current Windows version and some older ones. AutoCAD 2016 to 2020 support Windows 7 up to Windows 10.^[29]

Mac[edit]

Autodesk stopped supporting Apple’s Macintosh computers in 1994. Over the next several years, no compatible versions for the Mac were released. In 2010 Autodesk announced that it would once again support Apple’s Mac OS X software in the future.^[30] Most of the features found in the 2012 Windows version can be found in the 2012 Mac version. The main difference is the user interface and layout of the program. The interface is designed so that users who are already familiar with Apple’s macOS software will find it similar to other Mac applications.^[22] Autodesk has also built-in various features in order to take full advantage of Apple’s Trackpad capabilities as well as the full-screen mode in Apple’s OS X Lion.^[21][22] AutoCAD 2012 for Mac supports both the editing and saving of files in DWG formatting that will allow the file to be compatible with other platforms besides macOS.^[21] AutoCAD 2019 for Mac requires Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or later.

AutoCAD LT 2013 was available through the Mac App Store for $899.99. The full-featured version of AutoCAD 2013 for Mac, however, wasn’t available through the Mac App Store due to the price limit of $999 set by Apple. AutoCAD 2014 for Mac was available for purchase from Autodesk’s web site for $4,195 and AutoCAD LT 2014 for Mac for $1,200, or from an Autodesk authorized reseller.^[30] The latest version available for Mac is AutoCAD 2022 as of January 2022.

Version history[edit]

See also[edit]

• Autodesk 3ds Max
• Autodesk Maya
• Autodesk Revit
• AutoShade
• AutoSketch
• Comparison of computer-aided design software
• Design Web Format

Open source CAD software:

• LibreCAD
• FreeCAD
• BRL-CAD

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Developer(s)	Autodesk
Initial release	December 1982; 40 years ago
Stable release	2023 / March 25, 2022; 11 months ago
Operating system	Windows, macOS, iOS, Android
Available in	14 languages
List of languages English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian
Type	Computer-aided design
License	Trialware
Website	www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview

AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,^[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.^[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.^[3] AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps. AutoCAD is primarily used for 2 Dimensional drawings, and even though 3D modeling is available in AutoCAD other computer-aided design software like Fusion 360, Inventor and Solidworks are preferred in 3D modeling.

AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide in 1994.^[1]

Introduction[edit]

AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979^[4] called Interact CAD,^[5][6][7] also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk’s (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle.^[8][9]

The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. AutoCAD supported CP/M-80 computers.^[10] As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide.^[11] The 2022 release marked the 36th major release of AutoCAD for Windows and the 12th consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac. The native file format of AutoCAD is .dwg. This and, to a lesser extent, its interchange file format DXF, have become de facto, if proprietary, standards for CAD data interoperability, particularly for 2D drawing exchange.^[12] AutoCAD has included support for .dwf, a format developed and promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.

File formats[edit]

Filename extensions[edit]

AutoCAD’s native file formats are denoted either by a .dwg, .dwt, .dws, or .dxf filename extension.

The primary file format for 2D and 3D drawing files created with AutoCAD is .dwg. While other third-party CAD software applications can create .dwg files, AutoCAD uniquely creates RealDWG files.^[13]

Using AutoCAD, any .dwg file may be saved to a derivative format. These derivative formats include:

• Drawing Template Files .dwt: New .dwg are created from a .dwt file. Although the default template file is acad.dwt for AutoCAD and acadlt.dwt for AutoCAD LT, custom .dwt files may be created to include foundational configurations such as drawing units and layers.
• Drawing Standards File .dws: Using the CAD Standards feature of AutoCAD, a Drawing Standards File may be associated to any .dwg or .dwt file to enforce graphical standards.
• Drawing Interchange Format .dxf: The .dxf format is an ASCII representation of a .dwg file, and is used to transfer data between various applications.^[14]

Features[edit]

Compatibility with other software[edit]

ESRI ArcMap 10 permits export as AutoCAD drawing files. Civil 3D permits export as AutoCAD objects and as LandXML. Third-party file converters exist for specific formats such as Bentley MX GENIO Extension, PISTE Extension (France), ISYBAU (Germany), OKSTRA and Microdrainage (UK);^[15] also, conversion of .pdf files is feasible, however, the accuracy of the results may be unpredictable or distorted. For example, jagged edges may appear. Several vendors provide online conversions for free such as Cometdocs.

Language[edit]

AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian (also through additional language packs).^[16] The extent of localization varies from full translation of the product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized as a part of the software localization.

Extensions[edit]

AutoCAD supports a number of APIs for customization and automation. These include AutoLISP, Visual LISP, VBA, .NET and ObjectARX. ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for:

• products extending AutoCAD functionality to specific fields
• creating products such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D
• third-party AutoCAD-based application

There are a large number of AutoCAD plugins (add-on applications) available on the application store Autodesk Exchange Apps.^[17]
AutoCAD’s DXF, drawing exchange format, allows importing and exporting drawing information.

Vertical integration[edit]

Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs for discipline-specific enhancements such as:

• Advance Steel
• AutoCAD Architecture
• AutoCAD Electrical
• AutoCAD Map 3D
• AutoCAD Mechanical
• AutoCAD MEP
• AutoCAD Plant 3D
• Autodesk Civil 3D

Since AutoCAD 2019 several verticals are included with AutoCAD subscription as Industry-Specific Toolset.

For example, AutoCAD Architecture (formerly Architectural Desktop) permits architectural designers to draw 3D objects, such as walls, doors, and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects, such as lines and circles. The data can be programmed to represent specific architectural products sold in the construction industry, or extracted into a data file for pricing, materials estimation, and other values related to the objects represented.

Additional tools generate standard 2D drawings, such as elevations and sections, from a 3D architectural model. Similarly, Civil Design, Civil Design 3D, and Civil Design Professional support data-specific objects facilitating easy standard civil engineering calculations and representations.

Softdesk Civil was developed as an AutoCAD add-on by a company in New Hampshire called Softdesk (originally DCA). Softdesk was acquired by Autodesk, and Civil became Land Development Desktop (LDD), later renamed Land Desktop. Civil 3D was later developed and Land Desktop was retired.

Variants[edit]

AutoCAD LT[edit]

AutoCAD LT is the lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities, first released in November 1993. Autodesk developed AutoCAD LT to have an entry-level CAD package to compete in the lower price level. Priced at $495, it became the first AutoCAD product priced below $1000. It was sold directly by Autodesk and in computer stores unlike the full version of AutoCAD, which must be purchased from official Autodesk dealers. AutoCAD LT 2015 introduced Desktop Subscription service from $360 per year; as of 2018, three subscription plans were available, from $50 a month to a 3-year, $1170 license.

While there are hundreds of small differences between the full AutoCAD package and AutoCAD LT, there are a few recognized major differences^[18] in the software’s features:

• 3D capabilities: AutoCAD LT lacks the ability to create, visualize and render 3D models as well as 3D printing.
• Network licensing: AutoCAD LT cannot be used on multiple machines over a network.
• Customization: AutoCAD LT does not support customization with LISP, ARX, .NET and VBA.
• Management and automation capabilities with Sheet Set Manager and Action Recorder.
• CAD standards management tools.

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web[edit]

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web (formerly AutoCAD WS and AutoCAD 360)^[19] is an account-based mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit, and share AutoCAD files via mobile device and web^[20] using a limited AutoCAD feature set — and using cloud-stored drawing files. The program, which is an evolution and combination of previous products, uses a freemium business model with a free plan and two paid levels, including various amounts of storage, tools, and online access to drawings. 360 includes new features such as a «Smart Pen» mode and linking to third-party cloud-based storage such as Dropbox. Having evolved from Flash-based software, AutoCAD Web uses HTML5 browser technology available in newer browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome.

AutoCAD WS began with a version for the iPhone and subsequently expanded to include versions for the iPod Touch, iPad, Android phones, and Android tablets.^[21] Autodesk released the iOS version in September 2010,^[22] following with the Android version on April 20, 2011.^[23] The program is available via download at no cost from the App Store (iOS), Google Play (Android) and Amazon Appstore (Android).

In its initial iOS version, AutoCAD WS supported drawing of lines, circles, and other shapes; creation of text and comment boxes; and management of color, layer, and measurements — in both landscape and portrait modes. Version 1.3, released August 17, 2011, added support for unit typing, layer visibility, area measurement and file management.^[20] The Android variant includes the iOS feature set along with such unique features as the ability to insert text or captions by voice command as well as manually.^[23] Both Android and iOS versions allow the user to save files on-line — or off-line in the absence of an Internet connection.^[23]

In 2011, Autodesk announced plans to migrate the majority of its software to «the cloud», starting with the AutoCAD WS mobile application.^[24]

According to a 2013 interview with Ilai Rotbaein, an AutoCAD WS product manager for Autodesk, the name AutoCAD WS had no definitive meaning, and was interpreted variously as Autodesk Web Service, White Sheet or Work Space.^[25] In 2013, AutoCAD WS was renamed to AutoCAD 360.^[26] Later, it was renamed to AutoCAD Web App.

Student versions[edit]

AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to students, educators, and educational institutions, with a 12-month renewable license available. Licenses acquired before March 25, 2020 were a 36-month license, with its last renovation on March 24, 2020.^[27] The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the «educational flag»). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student) older than AutoCAD 2014 SP1 or AutoCAD 2019 and newer, the output includes a plot stamp/banner on all four sides. Objects created in the Student Version cannot be used for commercial use. Student Version objects «infect» a commercial version DWG file if they are imported in versions older than AutoCAD 2015 or newer than AutoCAD 2018.^[28]

Ports[edit]

Windows[edit]

AutoCAD Release 12 in 1992 was the first version of the software to support the Windows platform — in that case Windows 3.1. After Release 14 in 1997, support for MS-DOS, Unix and Macintosh were dropped, and AutoCAD was exclusively Windows supported. In general any new AutoCAD version supports the current Windows version and some older ones. AutoCAD 2016 to 2020 support Windows 7 up to Windows 10.^[29]

Mac[edit]

Autodesk stopped supporting Apple’s Macintosh computers in 1994. Over the next several years, no compatible versions for the Mac were released. In 2010 Autodesk announced that it would once again support Apple’s Mac OS X software in the future.^[30] Most of the features found in the 2012 Windows version can be found in the 2012 Mac version. The main difference is the user interface and layout of the program. The interface is designed so that users who are already familiar with Apple’s macOS software will find it similar to other Mac applications.^[22] Autodesk has also built-in various features in order to take full advantage of Apple’s Trackpad capabilities as well as the full-screen mode in Apple’s OS X Lion.^[21][22] AutoCAD 2012 for Mac supports both the editing and saving of files in DWG formatting that will allow the file to be compatible with other platforms besides macOS.^[21] AutoCAD 2019 for Mac requires Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or later.

AutoCAD LT 2013 was available through the Mac App Store for $899.99. The full-featured version of AutoCAD 2013 for Mac, however, wasn’t available through the Mac App Store due to the price limit of $999 set by Apple. AutoCAD 2014 for Mac was available for purchase from Autodesk’s web site for $4,195 and AutoCAD LT 2014 for Mac for $1,200, or from an Autodesk authorized reseller.^[30] The latest version available for Mac is AutoCAD 2022 as of January 2022.

Version history[edit]

See also[edit]

• Autodesk 3ds Max
• Autodesk Maya
• Autodesk Revit
• AutoShade
• AutoSketch
• Comparison of computer-aided design software
• Design Web Format

Open source CAD software:

• LibreCAD
• FreeCAD
• BRL-CAD

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Developer(s)	Autodesk
Initial release	December 1982; 40 years ago
Stable release	2023 / March 25, 2022; 11 months ago
Operating system	Windows, macOS, iOS, Android
Available in	14 languages
List of languages English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian
Type	Computer-aided design
License	Trialware
Website	www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview

AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,^[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.^[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.^[3] AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps. AutoCAD is primarily used for 2 Dimensional drawings, and even though 3D modeling is available in AutoCAD other computer-aided design software like Fusion 360, Inventor and Solidworks are preferred in 3D modeling.

AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide in 1994.^[1]

Introduction[edit]

AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979^[4] called Interact CAD,^[5][6][7] also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk’s (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle.^[8][9]

The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. AutoCAD supported CP/M-80 computers.^[10] As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide.^[11] The 2022 release marked the 36th major release of AutoCAD for Windows and the 12th consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac. The native file format of AutoCAD is .dwg. This and, to a lesser extent, its interchange file format DXF, have become de facto, if proprietary, standards for CAD data interoperability, particularly for 2D drawing exchange.^[12] AutoCAD has included support for .dwf, a format developed and promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.

File formats[edit]

Filename extensions[edit]

AutoCAD’s native file formats are denoted either by a .dwg, .dwt, .dws, or .dxf filename extension.

The primary file format for 2D and 3D drawing files created with AutoCAD is .dwg. While other third-party CAD software applications can create .dwg files, AutoCAD uniquely creates RealDWG files.^[13]

Using AutoCAD, any .dwg file may be saved to a derivative format. These derivative formats include:

• Drawing Template Files .dwt: New .dwg are created from a .dwt file. Although the default template file is acad.dwt for AutoCAD and acadlt.dwt for AutoCAD LT, custom .dwt files may be created to include foundational configurations such as drawing units and layers.
• Drawing Standards File .dws: Using the CAD Standards feature of AutoCAD, a Drawing Standards File may be associated to any .dwg or .dwt file to enforce graphical standards.
• Drawing Interchange Format .dxf: The .dxf format is an ASCII representation of a .dwg file, and is used to transfer data between various applications.^[14]

Features[edit]

Compatibility with other software[edit]

ESRI ArcMap 10 permits export as AutoCAD drawing files. Civil 3D permits export as AutoCAD objects and as LandXML. Third-party file converters exist for specific formats such as Bentley MX GENIO Extension, PISTE Extension (France), ISYBAU (Germany), OKSTRA and Microdrainage (UK);^[15] also, conversion of .pdf files is feasible, however, the accuracy of the results may be unpredictable or distorted. For example, jagged edges may appear. Several vendors provide online conversions for free such as Cometdocs.

Language[edit]

AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian (also through additional language packs).^[16] The extent of localization varies from full translation of the product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized as a part of the software localization.

Extensions[edit]

AutoCAD supports a number of APIs for customization and automation. These include AutoLISP, Visual LISP, VBA, .NET and ObjectARX. ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for:

• products extending AutoCAD functionality to specific fields
• creating products such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D
• third-party AutoCAD-based application

There are a large number of AutoCAD plugins (add-on applications) available on the application store Autodesk Exchange Apps.^[17]
AutoCAD’s DXF, drawing exchange format, allows importing and exporting drawing information.

Vertical integration[edit]

Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs for discipline-specific enhancements such as:

• Advance Steel
• AutoCAD Architecture
• AutoCAD Electrical
• AutoCAD Map 3D
• AutoCAD Mechanical
• AutoCAD MEP
• AutoCAD Plant 3D
• Autodesk Civil 3D

Since AutoCAD 2019 several verticals are included with AutoCAD subscription as Industry-Specific Toolset.

For example, AutoCAD Architecture (formerly Architectural Desktop) permits architectural designers to draw 3D objects, such as walls, doors, and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects, such as lines and circles. The data can be programmed to represent specific architectural products sold in the construction industry, or extracted into a data file for pricing, materials estimation, and other values related to the objects represented.

Additional tools generate standard 2D drawings, such as elevations and sections, from a 3D architectural model. Similarly, Civil Design, Civil Design 3D, and Civil Design Professional support data-specific objects facilitating easy standard civil engineering calculations and representations.

Softdesk Civil was developed as an AutoCAD add-on by a company in New Hampshire called Softdesk (originally DCA). Softdesk was acquired by Autodesk, and Civil became Land Development Desktop (LDD), later renamed Land Desktop. Civil 3D was later developed and Land Desktop was retired.

Variants[edit]

AutoCAD LT[edit]

AutoCAD LT is the lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities, first released in November 1993. Autodesk developed AutoCAD LT to have an entry-level CAD package to compete in the lower price level. Priced at $495, it became the first AutoCAD product priced below $1000. It was sold directly by Autodesk and in computer stores unlike the full version of AutoCAD, which must be purchased from official Autodesk dealers. AutoCAD LT 2015 introduced Desktop Subscription service from $360 per year; as of 2018, three subscription plans were available, from $50 a month to a 3-year, $1170 license.

While there are hundreds of small differences between the full AutoCAD package and AutoCAD LT, there are a few recognized major differences^[18] in the software’s features:

• 3D capabilities: AutoCAD LT lacks the ability to create, visualize and render 3D models as well as 3D printing.
• Network licensing: AutoCAD LT cannot be used on multiple machines over a network.
• Customization: AutoCAD LT does not support customization with LISP, ARX, .NET and VBA.
• Management and automation capabilities with Sheet Set Manager and Action Recorder.
• CAD standards management tools.

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web[edit]

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web (formerly AutoCAD WS and AutoCAD 360)^[19] is an account-based mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit, and share AutoCAD files via mobile device and web^[20] using a limited AutoCAD feature set — and using cloud-stored drawing files. The program, which is an evolution and combination of previous products, uses a freemium business model with a free plan and two paid levels, including various amounts of storage, tools, and online access to drawings. 360 includes new features such as a «Smart Pen» mode and linking to third-party cloud-based storage such as Dropbox. Having evolved from Flash-based software, AutoCAD Web uses HTML5 browser technology available in newer browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome.

AutoCAD WS began with a version for the iPhone and subsequently expanded to include versions for the iPod Touch, iPad, Android phones, and Android tablets.^[21] Autodesk released the iOS version in September 2010,^[22] following with the Android version on April 20, 2011.^[23] The program is available via download at no cost from the App Store (iOS), Google Play (Android) and Amazon Appstore (Android).

In its initial iOS version, AutoCAD WS supported drawing of lines, circles, and other shapes; creation of text and comment boxes; and management of color, layer, and measurements — in both landscape and portrait modes. Version 1.3, released August 17, 2011, added support for unit typing, layer visibility, area measurement and file management.^[20] The Android variant includes the iOS feature set along with such unique features as the ability to insert text or captions by voice command as well as manually.^[23] Both Android and iOS versions allow the user to save files on-line — or off-line in the absence of an Internet connection.^[23]

In 2011, Autodesk announced plans to migrate the majority of its software to «the cloud», starting with the AutoCAD WS mobile application.^[24]

According to a 2013 interview with Ilai Rotbaein, an AutoCAD WS product manager for Autodesk, the name AutoCAD WS had no definitive meaning, and was interpreted variously as Autodesk Web Service, White Sheet or Work Space.^[25] In 2013, AutoCAD WS was renamed to AutoCAD 360.^[26] Later, it was renamed to AutoCAD Web App.

Student versions[edit]

AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to students, educators, and educational institutions, with a 12-month renewable license available. Licenses acquired before March 25, 2020 were a 36-month license, with its last renovation on March 24, 2020.^[27] The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the «educational flag»). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student) older than AutoCAD 2014 SP1 or AutoCAD 2019 and newer, the output includes a plot stamp/banner on all four sides. Objects created in the Student Version cannot be used for commercial use. Student Version objects «infect» a commercial version DWG file if they are imported in versions older than AutoCAD 2015 or newer than AutoCAD 2018.^[28]

Ports[edit]

Windows[edit]

AutoCAD Release 12 in 1992 was the first version of the software to support the Windows platform — in that case Windows 3.1. After Release 14 in 1997, support for MS-DOS, Unix and Macintosh were dropped, and AutoCAD was exclusively Windows supported. In general any new AutoCAD version supports the current Windows version and some older ones. AutoCAD 2016 to 2020 support Windows 7 up to Windows 10.^[29]

Mac[edit]

Autodesk stopped supporting Apple’s Macintosh computers in 1994. Over the next several years, no compatible versions for the Mac were released. In 2010 Autodesk announced that it would once again support Apple’s Mac OS X software in the future.^[30] Most of the features found in the 2012 Windows version can be found in the 2012 Mac version. The main difference is the user interface and layout of the program. The interface is designed so that users who are already familiar with Apple’s macOS software will find it similar to other Mac applications.^[22] Autodesk has also built-in various features in order to take full advantage of Apple’s Trackpad capabilities as well as the full-screen mode in Apple’s OS X Lion.^[21][22] AutoCAD 2012 for Mac supports both the editing and saving of files in DWG formatting that will allow the file to be compatible with other platforms besides macOS.^[21] AutoCAD 2019 for Mac requires Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or later.

AutoCAD LT 2013 was available through the Mac App Store for $899.99. The full-featured version of AutoCAD 2013 for Mac, however, wasn’t available through the Mac App Store due to the price limit of $999 set by Apple. AutoCAD 2014 for Mac was available for purchase from Autodesk’s web site for $4,195 and AutoCAD LT 2014 for Mac for $1,200, or from an Autodesk authorized reseller.^[30] The latest version available for Mac is AutoCAD 2022 as of January 2022.

Version history[edit]

See also[edit]

• Autodesk 3ds Max
• Autodesk Maya
• Autodesk Revit
• AutoShade
• AutoSketch
• Comparison of computer-aided design software
• Design Web Format

Open source CAD software:

• LibreCAD
• FreeCAD
• BRL-CAD

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website

Морфемный разбор слова:

Однокоренные слова к слову:

Черчение для чайников: обзор возможностей программы Autodesk AutoCAD

Несколько ранее мы выяснили, что в нашей стране есть две самые популярные САПР( система автоматизированного проектирования), предназначенные для работы с чертежами.

Если же говорить о мире в целом, то, однозначно, первое место по популярности уверенно держит AutoCAD. Данную статью мы и посвящаем этой программе. Здесь мы рассмотрим ее возможности, функционал и последние изменения более подробно.

AutoCAD – разработанная компанией система автоматизированного проектирования и черчения, предназначенная для работы с двумерными трехмерными объектами.

Начнем наш обзор AutoCAD и прежде, чем открыть саму программу, вспомним, с чего все начиналось.

История создания программы AutoCAD

Программа AutoCAD – это настоящий мастодонт среди САПР, ведь первая версия была продемонстрирована в далеком 1982 году на выставке COMDEX в Атлантик Сити. В то славное время автомобили были карбюраторными, микросхемы – большими, а персональные компьютеры только-только выходили на широкий рынок.

Большинство программ создавалось для огромных мэйнфреймов IBM. Тем не менее, предприимчивая группа из тринадцати программистов сумела увидеть перспективу развития вычислительной техники и создала продукт именно для персональных компьютеров. Программа привлекла всеобщее внимание уже после первой демонстрации, и разработчики поняли, что теперь их главная задача – совершенствовать свое «детище».

Компания Autodesk до сих пор успешно и своевременно этим занимается. В результате AutoCAD является самой популярной программой для работы как с двумерными чертежами, так и с 3D-моделями уже на протяжении более чем тридцати лет.

Основные возможности программы AutoCAD

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Если говорить об основных возможностях AutoCAD, то они определенно очень широки. Не будем подробно останавливаться на предоставляемых программой функциях и инструментах – для этого есть соответствующие учебники. Тем более, для описания всех функций AutoCAD понадобится просто уйма времени. Скажем лишь, что современный AutoCAD во многом превосходит по функционалу свои ранние версии, которые заслуженно называли «электронными кульманами».

Помимо использования графических примитивов для получения боле сложных объектов в двумерном пространстве AutoCAD дает возможность создавать полноценные трехмерные модели с использованием твердотельного полигонального и поверхностного моделирования. Тем не менее, в определенных моментах AutoCAD в области 3D-моделирования уступает таким специализированным САПР и, например, SolidWorks.

Кроме того, AutoCAD предоставляет в Ваше распоряжение широкие возможности работы со слоями и аннотативными объектами. Последние версии программы предполагают возможность динамической связи чертежа с реальными картографическими данными и распечатки моделей на 3D-принтере. Автокад работает с несколькими форматами файлов. Основные из них – DWG и DWT.

DWG – это формат файла, в котором хранится непосредственно сам чертеж. Данный формат позволяет хранить как двумерные, так и трехмерные объекты, а также поддерживается другими приложениями компании Autodesk.

DWT – файл с данным расширением является шаблоном. Так, например, Вы можете сохранить какой-то проект со всеми выставленными Вами настройками в виде шаблона и использовать его в будущем.

Приложения AutoCAD

AutoCAD часто используется, как база для создания прикладных приложений. Так, на его основе уже выпущены такие программы, как AutoCAD Mechanical, AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, Promis-e, PLANT-4D, AutoPLANT, GeoniCS и др.

Интерфейс

AutoCAD 2021

Если вы уже знакомы с более ранними версиями, то поймете, что интерфейс AutoCAD 2021 мало отличается от своих предшественников. Безусловно, освоить данную программу с нуля без соответствующего обучения практически невозможно.

Тем не менее, интерфейс можно назвать вполне дружественным пользователю, программа полностью русифицирована, а о назначении многих виртуальных кнопок можно догадаться интуитивно, взглянув на их обозначение.

Системные требования AutoCAD 2021

AutoCAD шагает в ногу со временем и предъявляет достаточно серьезные требования к вашему ПК. AutoCAD сертифицирован как для Windows, так и для OS X. Однако, если вы обладатель «Мака», на сегодняшний день вам будет доступна лишь версия 2013 года.

Последние изменения

В отличие от предыдущих релизов AutoCAD новая версия позволяет импортировать файлы формата PDF. Также в программе реализованы возможности привязки к линиям с разрывами, ассоциативные маркеры центра и осевые линии.

Безусловно, многие пользователи, несмотря на выход обновленной версии, продолжают использовать предыдущие. Почему бы и нет, если Ваша версия AutoCAD полностью отвечает поставленным задачам. Тем не менее, следить за обновлениями бывает полезно, т.к. каждая новая версия предлагает новые возможности и улучшения.

С чего начать изучение Автокада чайникам?

Да, увидев перед собой интерфейс программы, с множеством кнопок можно и растеряться. Тем не менее, стоит помнить, что для работы в AutoCAD Вам вовсе не нужно быть гением компьютерной техники.

Первым делом вам необходимо осознать этот факт, понять, зачем Вам необходимы те или иные инструменты. Заучить наизусть расположение всех команд AutoCAD и последовательность их применения – задача в принципе абсурдная и крайне сложная.

Так что не спешите зубрить, а стремитесь понять. Четкое понимание своей задачи вкупе со знанием принципов взаимодействия программы с пользователем сделает процесс работы в AutoCAD гораздо проще.

Самостоятельное изучение AutoCAD, тем не менее, может занять очень много времени. Существует множество дополнительных курсов по изучению данной программы – ведь когда Вам помогают разбираться в ранее неизвестных вещах, процесс познания идет быстрее.

Самый главный плюс программы AutoCAD – при соответствующем уровне подготовки пользователя, она, несомненно, гораздо удобнее, нежели работа над проектом непосредственно «от руки». Знание этой программы с вероятностью 100% сделает Вас более ценным и профессиональным специалистом.

Часто AutoCAD используется и в учебных целях. Обучаясь в университете, студенты многих технических специальностей впервые знакомятся с этой САПР, выполняют различные учебные задания с помощью AutoCAD.

Первая курсовая, предполагающая наличие графической части, т.е. чертежей, заставляет учащихся устанавливать AutoCAD на свои компьютеры, и активно браться за изучение этого прекрасного и очень полезного программного пакета.

Напоследок, приведем совет от студенческого сервиса – если ваша будущая специальность связана с архитектурой, дизайном, строительством, проектированием каких-либо промышленных объектов – начинайте изучать AutoCAD уже сейчас.

Начинайте, не жалейте себя, и однажды вы вспомните этот совет добрым словом. Желаем вам удачи в освоении AutoCAD, и помните, что наши специалисты всегда готовы оказать вам поддержку!

Источник

Обзор программы AutoCAD

Системы автоматизированного проектирования значительно упрощают труд архитекторов и конструкторов. Представляем обзор программы Автокад с описанием возможностей и тонкостей работы. Он позволит понять, для решения каких вопросов и задач подходит это приложение.

Общие сведения по AutoCAD

Софт выпускается компанией Autodesk с 1982 года. Первые разработки допускали взаимодействие с прямыми отрезками, дугами и окружностями. Их объединяли в блоки и составляли более сложные конструкции. Этот процесс напоминал нанесение элементов на бумагу, за что утилита среди профессионалов стала называться «электронный кульман». Сегодня плоские детали любой формы можно выполнять в один прием инструментом, который называется полилиния. Благодаря дополнениям проектировщики могут прорисовывать не только 2D проекции, но и выполнять сложные объемные фрагменты с возможностью преобразования в реалистичную модель.

Комплексный подход разработчиков к решению задач позволяет использовать ПО в ряде отраслей:

Дистрибутив переведен на 18 языков. Благодаря этому не возникает вопроса, как сделать чертежи в AutoCAD при реализации международных проектов. Глубина проработки интерфейса в отдельных версиях может быть разной. Приложение получило широкое распространение в России. Чтобы пользователи могли максимально полно внедрить возможности продукта, на русский язык переведена как структура меню, так и вся сопроводительная документация.

Локализация программы

Изначально софт разрабатывался для использования на Microsoft Windows. Он включал поддержку как 32-, так и 64-разрядных систем. Установка на одной платформе существенно ограничивала развитие. С версии 2013 года производители реализовали поддержку MAC OS. Все пользователи получили шанс создавать чертежи на двух площадках.

С уменьшением требований к ресурсам специалисты Autodesk выпустили мобильные приложения для Android, iPad и iPhone. Они дали возможность вносить изменения в файлы, просматривать и передавать их находясь в дороге. Новым пользователям не пришлось ломать голову над тем как научиться работать с программой AutoCAD в телефоне. Упрощенный интерфейс предоставил минимальный набор команд для быстрого взаимодействия с существующими проектами.

Лицензирование Автокад

Все виды программного обеспечения подразделяются на однопользовательские и сетевые. В зависимости от назначения выделяют несколько типов:

Дороговизна во многом ограничивает область применения. Появление версии для студентов помогло популяризировать софт среди учащихся. Они могут понять, как сделать чертежи в программе Автокад для предстоящих проектов, уже на стадии обучения. Благодаря этому ВУЗы готовят квалифицированных инженеров к работе на производстве без прохождения дополнительных курсов по освоению приложений.

Возможности программного комплекса AutoCAD

2D построение

Несмотря на развитие технологий и постоянные усовершенствования, плоские изображения занимают львиную долю объема труда проектировщиков. С интуитивно понятным интерфейсом и интерактивным вводом данных даже новичок может пользоваться продуктом на уровне базовых операций. Достаточно иметь технический склад ума.

Чтобы упростить и ускорить разработку документации, были внедрены следующие инструменты:

Автоматизация и визуализация отдельных операций сводят к минимуму ошибки и неточности. Возрастает скорость разработки проектно-сметной документации.

3D моделирование

Продукты Autodesk значительно усовершенствовались с момента появления на рынке. С их помощью можно получить как примитивные объемные тела, выполненные в два клика методом выдавливания контура, так и полноценные сложные объекты. Они строятся по облакам точек. В зависимости от необходимой детализации используется разное их количество. Благодаря обновлению интерфейса, процесс работы стал простым и удобным.

Система может экспортировать информацию с 3D принтеров. После утверждения прототипа, совместимый файл раскладывается инженерами на чертежи.

В последних версиях создателям удалось существенно увеличить производительность и снизить требования к ресурсам компьютера для обработки модели. Они добились этого путем кеширования только той области, с которой ведется взаимодействие. Нет необходимости загружать в память весь макет.

Совместимость при пользовании программой Автокад

Чтобы расширить спектр применения софта в специализированных областях, компания совершенствует и увеличивает форматы допустимых к использованию файлов. Сегодня для обмена данными применяются следующие расширения:

Благодаря широкому ряду поддерживаемых форматов, специалистам не нужно задумываться, как научиться работать в программе Автокад. Существует полноценная интеграция с множеством узкоспециализированных машиностроительных и архитектурных утилит. Допускается внедрение не только сложных технических подсистем, но и взаимодействие с привычными текстовыми и табличными ПО Microsoft.

Дополнительные модули к AutoCAD

Приложение реализует общую среду для создания проектной документации. При необходимости выполнения специфических задач, допускается интеграция с надстройками. Они формируют элементы чертежа с использованием характерных для подразделения блоков и спецификаций. Происходит полная интеграция данных в стандартный формат, что позволяет успешно использовать макеты смежным специалистам. Рассмотрим самые распространенные приложения.

СПДС GraphiCS

Встраиваемая программа к Автокад или ZWCAD+. Автоматизирует процесс оформления рабочих документов, в соответствии с требованиями региональных стандартов. Включает в себя специализированные модули для разных разделов проектирования.

Самым популярным среди конструкторов является дополнение «Железобетон». Оно используется для того, чтобы чертить в AutoCAD как КЖ, так и КЖИ разделы. Принцип работы основан на представлении арматурных изделий в виде параметрических элементов. Они дают возможность получать динамические спецификации и сводные ведомости расхода стали, импортируя данные с рабочей схемы.

Модуль «Стройплощадка» предназначен для выполнения документации ПОС и ППР. Набор встроенных блоков разработан в соответствии с государственными стандартами. Они позволяют избежать ручного ввода, сокращают время на подготовку рабочих чертежей и исключают ряд распространенных ошибок при оформлении.

VetCAD++

Представляет собой набор утилит, которые помогают конструктору избежать рутинных процессов, выполняя их в автоматическом режиме. Достаточно назначить каждому из элементов свои параметры, характеристики и количественное измерение. Сведение информации в спецификации и подсчет ведомости расхода стали выполняется без участия исполнителя. Научиться работать в дополнении также просто, как и разобраться с программой AutoCAD. Интуитивно понятный интерфейс и русскоязычная техническая документация упрощают освоение.

Софт поддерживает динамические блоки. Так что внесение изменений не займет много времени. Достаточно переместить ручки объектов на новое место, и утилита полностью пересчитает все объемы.

Продукты ZWSOFT, как альтернатива Автокад и прочим CAD приложениям

Широкий функционал, который используется по умолчанию, не всегда востребован исполнителями отдельных подразделений. Несмотря на это, он замедляет обмен данными с операционной системой и требует больших ресурсов компьютера.

Новое поколение САПР представляет программа ZWCAD. Она полностью поддерживает взаимодействие с форматами DWG. Включает мощный набор инструментов, который даст возможность решать все поставленные задачи. Имеет привычный интерфейс. Если пользователь разобрался, как чертить схемы и рисовать визуализации, создание видео проектов в Автокаде, то освоение этого софта не вызовет у него никаких сложностей. Схожие панели инструментов и разделы меню дублируют информацию.

Политика использования продуктов основана на применении только необходимых средств. Исключается переплата за стандартный функционал, в котором вы не нуждаетесь. По мере появления необходимости в освоении новых разделов проектирования, устанавливаются дополнительные модули. Они расширяют возможности пользователей. Это может пригодиться при появлении новых смежных подразделений.

Подобный подход снизит издержки проектных организаций, увеличит скорость подготовки проектно-сметной документации и сделает компанию более конкурентоспособной в своем сегменте. Каждый новый пользователь может:

Ознакомившись со статьей, вы получили краткий обзор программы AutoCAD и описание возможностей аналогичного продукта компании ZWSOFT. Решение о том, переплачивать за полный функционал или пользоваться только нужными опциями по лучшей в отрасли цене, остается за вами.

Источник

Обзор программы Autodesk AutoCAD: что это, новые возможности и где скачать

Создание чертежей и макетов на профессиональном уровне сегодня доступно каждому. Для этого не нужно обучаться чертёжному мастерству или изучать нормы и стандарты. Всё нужное собрано в программе AutoCAD. Условно-бесплатный проект, который может помочь создать высококачественный набросок или план здания за пару часов. Рассмотрим все её преимущества и возможности далее.

Программа Autodesk AutoCAD: основная информация

Описание

AutoCAD – это программное обеспечение для трехмерного компьютерного моделирования от Autodesk, которое разработано для проектирования изделий, зданий, планирования производства, гражданской инфраструктуры и строительства.

Оно является частью коллекции 3D CAD программ Autodesk, используемой командами разработчиков продуктов, производственными предприятиями, средствами массовой информации и индустрии развлечений, инженерами, архитекторами, преподавателями и студентами, предпринимателями, медицинскими работниками и многими другими.

На данный момент аналогов, которые могут сравниться по функционалу, практически нет.

Кроме того, AutoCAD используется для создания 2D-чертежей, документов, 3D-моделей и визуализаций. Его функции 2D-рисования, черчения и аннотаций включают возможность управления внешним видом текстов, автоматическое создание стилей и размеров, связывание и обновление данных между электронными таблицами и таблицами Microsoft Excel в чертежах и работу с динамическими блоками.

Подписка на программное обеспечение AutoCAD обеспечивает доступ к AutoCAD для Windows и AutoCAD for Mac, а также к специализированным инструментам (только для Windows), включая Architecture, Electrical, Map 3D, Mechanical, MEP, Plant 3D и Raster Design, а также веб- и мобильные приложения AutoCAD.

Функционал и возможности

На что способен AutoCAD, узнаете из этого видео:

2D построение

Работа с системами координат – основа любого чертежа

В AutoCAD можно использовать разные пользовательские системы координат (UCSUCS) в каждом окне просмотра в одном файле чертежа. В AutoCAD LT можно использовать только одну ПСК в каждом файле чертежа.

При открытии файла чертежа AutoCAD в AutoCAD LT используется только UCS из текущего видового экрана. Если отредактировать чертеж в AutoCAD LT, а затем сохранить его и снова открыть в AutoCAD, можно заметить некоторые изменения в UCS.

В AutoCAD визуальные стили предоставляют параметры изменения материала для объектов в текущем окне просмотра. AutoCAD LT не поддерживает визуальные стили. В AutoCAD LT есть только только опции 2D Wireframe и Hidden. Можно использовать SHADEMODE в AutoCAD LT, чтобы отключить визуальные стили в видовых экранах, которые были созданы в AutoCAD. Это предоставляет базовую геометрию, чтобы легко редактировать чертежи и использовать геометрию с помощью точных инструментов рисования, таких как объектные привязки.

Работа с ограничениями

Некоторые из чертежей будут содержать требования к дизайну, применяемые в самом чертеже с помощью ограничений. Используя ограничения, можно применять требования, экспериментируя с различными проектами.

Ограниченный объект будет перемещаться предсказуемым образом при редактировании или перемещении. Изменение одной переменной может привести к автоматическому изменению всех связанных объектов, что позволяет просто и эффективно выполнять итерации проекта.

Поддерживаются два основных типа ограничений:

С AutoCAD LT можно делать следующее:

Работа с динамическими блоками

В AutoCAD можно добавить новые параметры ограничения в динамический блок в редакторе блоков. В AutoCAD LT можно открывать чертежи, которые включают определение блока, содержащее геометрические или размерные ограничения или таблицу свойств блока.

Облачное хранилище

Хотя вы не можете индексировать или хранить чертежи в облаке в AutoCAD LT, вы можете открывать чертежи, созданные в AutoCAD, которые содержат данные из облачного хранилища и меняются в режиме онлайн. Когда файл разблокирован, можно вносить изменения, после чего закрыть его для правок.

3D моделирование

3D-моделирование в AutoCAD включает в себя трехмерные тела, поверхности, сетки и каркасные объекты.

Типы 3D-моделей

В AutoCAD доступно несколько типов 3D-моделирования. Каждая из этих технологий 3D-моделирования предлагает свой набор возможностей:

3D-модель может включать комбинации этих технологий. Например можно преобразовать примитивную трехмерную пирамиду в трехмерную сетку, чтобы выполнить сглаживание сетки. Затем преобразовать сетку в трехмерную поверхность или обратно в трехмерное тело, чтобы воспользоваться их соответствующими функциями моделирования.

Просмотр 3D-модели

Самая полезная команда для динамического просмотра 3D-моделей – это 3DORBIT.

Помимо смены видов, можно щелкнуть правой кнопкой мыши, чтобы отобразить контекстное меню, которое предоставляет множество опций. Самые популярные варианты включают следующее:

Применение 2D и 3D команд в AutoCAD. Макросы

Большинство команд AutoCAD, которые используются для 2D-операций, можно применять к 3D-моделям. Например, с помощью команды ROTATE можно вращать трехмерное тело вокруг оси, параллельной оси Z UCS.

Чтобы повернуть модель вокруг другого направления оси, потребуется изменить направление оси Z ПСК. Есть также команды, специально предназначенные для 3D-среды, такие как 3DROTATE.

Самая простая команда для запуска – это ROTATE, однако выбор используемой команды зависит от обстоятельств и ваших предпочтений.

AutoCAD LT обеспечивает полную совместимость при работе с чертежами AutoCAD. Тем не менее, нужно понимать, что AutoCAD LT работает только с функциями AutoCAD.

Локализация программы

На данный момент программа полностью переведена на русский язык, поэтому при скачивании ее с официального ресурса отпадает потребность в поиске документов с переводом. Если версия для ознакомления была загружена из стороннего ресурса, потребуется отдельно найти руссификатор. Но это не обязательно, ведь большинство контента не текст, а картинки. Все кнопки интуитивно понятны и не требуют перевода.

Лицензирование софта

Как было описано в пункте выше, нужно обязательно лицензировать свой AutoCAD, если продукты, созданные в нём, используются для получения прибыли. Работа без лицензии может стать причиной административного штрафа или даже возбуждения уголовного дела.

Форматы допустимых к использованию файлов

Полный список форматов:

Дополнительные приложения к AutoCAD

СПДС GraphiCS

Полезна библиотека в помощь строителям и архитекторам. Помогает автоматически проверить проект на наличие ошибок, создать скрипты и автоматические сценарии для упрощения работы и типовых задач. К примеру, для нескольких этажей в здании нужно выполнить один и тот же перечень процедур – СПДС GraphiCS справится с этим на все 100%.

VetCAD++

Ещё один набор скриптов с возможностью пользовательской настройки и автоматизации. В большинстве пользовательских сборок это дополнение находится по умолчанию, так как сильно расширяет способности редактора и упрощает работу.

Аналоги со схожим функционалом

Разберём 4 основных конкурента:

Последние изменения

Что нового появилось в AutoCAD 2019, и на сколько полезны эти новинки в современных реалиях, узнаете из этого видео:

Где можно скачать программу

Программа доступна на официальном сайте для скачивания. Демо-версия не урезана по возможностям, но предоставляется на месяц, после чего программу нужно будет купить. Чтобы получать прибыль с продукции AutoCAD, нужна лицензия и подписка. Поддерживая производителя материально, пользователи спонсируют качественный сервис и хорошую продукцию.

Данное ПО отлично подойдёт как новичкам, так и профессионалам, которые не первый год в сфере дизайна и архитектуры. Возможности программы и её потенциал не оставляют сомнений – при должном навыке можно сделать всё. Стоимость ПО средняя, но приобретение лицензии нужно только в случае, если программа используется для получения прибыли.

Полезное видео

Как освоить базовый курс AutoCAD за 15 минут, смотрите в этом видео:

Источник

AutoCAD

Developer(s)	Autodesk
Initial release	December 1982; 40 years ago
Stable release	2023 / March 25, 2022; 9 months ago
Operating system	Windows, macOS, iOS, Android
Available in	14 languages
List of languages English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian
Type	Computer-aided design
License	Trialware
Website	www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview

AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,^[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.^[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.^[3] AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps.

AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide in 1994.^[1]

Introduction[edit]

AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979^[4] called Interact CAD,^[5][6][7] also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk’s (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle.^[8][9]

The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. AutoCAD supported CP/M-80 computers.^[10] As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide.^[11] The 2022 release marked the 36th major release of AutoCAD for Windows and the 12th consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac. The native file format of AutoCAD is .dwg. This and, to a lesser extent, its interchange file format DXF, have become de facto, if proprietary, standards for CAD data interoperability, particularly for 2D drawing exchange.^[12] AutoCAD has included support for .dwf, a format developed and promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.

File formats[edit]

Filename extensions[edit]

AutoCAD’s native file formats are denoted either by a .dwg, .dwt, .dws, or .dxf filename extension.

The primary file format for 2D and 3D drawing files created with AutoCAD is .dwg. While other third-party CAD software applications can create .dwg files, AutoCAD uniquely creates RealDWG files.^[13]

Using AutoCAD, any .dwg file may be saved to a derivative format. These derivative formats include:

• Drawing Template Files .dwt: New .dwg are created from a .dwt file. Although the default template file is acad.dwt for AutoCAD and acadlt.dwt for AutoCAD LT, custom .dwt files may be created to include foundational configurations such as drawing units and layers.
• Drawing Standards File .dws: Using the CAD Standards feature of AutoCAD, a Drawing Standards File may be associated to any .dwg or .dwt file to enforce graphical standards.
• Drawing Interchange Format .dxf: The .dxf format is an ASCII representation of a .dwg file, and is used to transfer data between various applications.^[14]

Features[edit]

Compatibility with other software[edit]

ESRI ArcMap 10 permits export as AutoCAD drawing files. Civil 3D permits export as AutoCAD objects and as LandXML. Third-party file converters exist for specific formats such as Bentley MX GENIO Extension, PISTE Extension (France), ISYBAU (Germany), OKSTRA and Microdrainage (UK);^[15] also, conversion of .pdf files is feasible, however, the accuracy of the results may be unpredictable or distorted. For example, jagged edges may appear. Several vendors provide online conversions for free such as Cometdocs.

Language[edit]

AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian (also through additional language packs).^[16] The extent of localization varies from full translation of the product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized as a part of the software localization.

Extensions[edit]

AutoCAD supports a number of APIs for customization and automation. These include AutoLISP, Visual LISP, VBA, .NET and ObjectARX. ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for:

• products extending AutoCAD functionality to specific fields
• creating products such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D
• third-party AutoCAD-based application

There are a large number of AutoCAD plugins (add-on applications) available on the application store Autodesk Exchange Apps.^[17]
AutoCAD’s DXF, drawing exchange format, allows importing and exporting drawing information.

Vertical integration[edit]

Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs for discipline-specific enhancements such as:

• Advance Steel
• AutoCAD Architecture
• AutoCAD Electrical
• AutoCAD Map 3D
• AutoCAD Mechanical
• AutoCAD MEP
• AutoCAD Plant 3D
• Autodesk Civil 3D

Since AutoCAD 2019 several verticals are included with AutoCAD subscription as Industry-Specific Toolset.

For example, AutoCAD Architecture (formerly Architectural Desktop) permits architectural designers to draw 3D objects, such as walls, doors, and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects, such as lines and circles. The data can be programmed to represent specific architectural products sold in the construction industry, or extracted into a data file for pricing, materials estimation, and other values related to the objects represented.

Additional tools generate standard 2D drawings, such as elevations and sections, from a 3D architectural model. Similarly, Civil Design, Civil Design 3D, and Civil Design Professional support data-specific objects facilitating easy standard civil engineering calculations and representations.

Softdesk Civil was developed as an AutoCAD add-on by a company in New Hampshire called Softdesk (originally DCA). Softdesk was acquired by Autodesk, and Civil became Land Development Desktop (LDD), later renamed Land Desktop. Civil 3D was later developed and Land Desktop was retired.

Variants[edit]

AutoCAD LT[edit]

AutoCAD LT is the lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities, first released in November 1993. Autodesk developed AutoCAD LT to have an entry-level CAD package to compete in the lower price level. Priced at $495, it became the first AutoCAD product priced below $1000. It was sold directly by Autodesk and in computer stores unlike the full version of AutoCAD, which must be purchased from official Autodesk dealers. AutoCAD LT 2015 introduced Desktop Subscription service from $360 per year; as of 2018, three subscription plans were available, from $50 a month to a 3-year, $1170 license.

While there are hundreds of small differences between the full AutoCAD package and AutoCAD LT, there are a few recognized major differences^[18] in the software’s features:

• 3D capabilities: AutoCAD LT lacks the ability to create, visualize and render 3D models as well as 3D printing.
• Network licensing: AutoCAD LT cannot be used on multiple machines over a network.
• Customization: AutoCAD LT does not support customization with LISP, ARX, .NET and VBA.
• Management and automation capabilities with Sheet Set Manager and Action Recorder.
• CAD standards management tools.

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web[edit]

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web (formerly AutoCAD WS and AutoCAD 360)^[19] is an account-based mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit, and share AutoCAD files via mobile device and web^[20] using a limited AutoCAD feature set — and using cloud-stored drawing files. The program, which is an evolution and combination of previous products, uses a freemium business model with a free plan and two paid levels, including various amounts of storage, tools, and online access to drawings. 360 includes new features such as a «Smart Pen» mode and linking to third-party cloud-based storage such as Dropbox. Having evolved from Flash-based software, AutoCAD Web uses HTML5 browser technology available in newer browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome.

AutoCAD WS began with a version for the iPhone and subsequently expanded to include versions for the iPod Touch, iPad, Android phones, and Android tablets.^[21] Autodesk released the iOS version in September 2010,^[22] following with the Android version on April 20, 2011.^[23] The program is available via download at no cost from the App Store (iOS), Google Play (Android) and Amazon Appstore (Android).

In its initial iOS version, AutoCAD WS supported drawing of lines, circles, and other shapes; creation of text and comment boxes; and management of color, layer, and measurements — in both landscape and portrait modes. Version 1.3, released August 17, 2011, added support for unit typing, layer visibility, area measurement and file management.^[20] The Android variant includes the iOS feature set along with such unique features as the ability to insert text or captions by voice command as well as manually.^[23] Both Android and iOS versions allow the user to save files on-line — or off-line in the absence of an Internet connection.^[23]

In 2011, Autodesk announced plans to migrate the majority of its software to «the cloud», starting with the AutoCAD WS mobile application.^[24]

According to a 2013 interview with Ilai Rotbaein, an AutoCAD WS product manager for Autodesk, the name AutoCAD WS had no definitive meaning, and was interpreted variously as Autodesk Web Service, White Sheet or Work Space.^[25] In 2013, AutoCAD WS was renamed to AutoCAD 360.^[26] Later, it was renamed to AutoCAD Web App.

Student versions[edit]

AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to students, educators, and educational institutions, with a 12-month renewable license available. Licenses acquired before March 25, 2020 were a 36-month license, with its last renovation on March 24, 2020.^[27] The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the «educational flag»). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student) older than AutoCAD 2014 SP1 or AutoCAD 2019 and newer, the output includes a plot stamp/banner on all four sides. Objects created in the Student Version cannot be used for commercial use. Student Version objects «infect» a commercial version DWG file if they are imported in versions older than AutoCAD 2015 or newer than AutoCAD 2018.^[28]

Ports[edit]

Windows[edit]

AutoCAD Release 12 in 1992 was the first version of the software to support the Windows platform — in that case Windows 3.1. After Release 14 in 1997, support for MS-DOS, Unix and Macintosh were dropped, and AutoCAD was exclusively Windows supported. In general any new AutoCAD version supports the current Windows version and some older ones. AutoCAD 2016 to 2020 support Windows 7 up to Windows 10.^[29]

Mac[edit]

Autodesk stopped supporting Apple’s Macintosh computers in 1994. Over the next several years, no compatible versions for the Mac were released. In 2010 Autodesk announced that it would once again support Apple’s Mac OS X software in the future.^[30] Most of the features found in the 2012 Windows version can be found in the 2012 Mac version. The main difference is the user interface and layout of the program. The interface is designed so that users who are already familiar with Apple’s macOS software will find it similar to other Mac applications.^[22] Autodesk has also built-in various features in order to take full advantage of Apple’s Trackpad capabilities as well as the full-screen mode in Apple’s OS X Lion.^[21][22] AutoCAD 2012 for Mac supports both the editing and saving of files in DWG formatting that will allow the file to be compatible with other platforms besides macOS.^[21] AutoCAD 2019 for Mac requires Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or later.

AutoCAD LT 2013 was available through the Mac App Store for $899.99. The full-featured version of AutoCAD 2013 for Mac, however, wasn’t available through the Mac App Store due to the price limit of $999 set by Apple. AutoCAD 2014 for Mac was available for purchase from Autodesk’s web site for $4,195 and AutoCAD LT 2014 for Mac for $1,200, or from an Autodesk authorized reseller.^[30] The latest version available for Mac is AutoCAD 2022 as of January 2022.

Version history[edit]

See also[edit]

• Autodesk 3ds Max
• Autodesk Maya
• Autodesk Revit
• AutoShade
• AutoSketch
• Comparison of computer-aided design software
• Design Web Format

Open source CAD sofware:

• LibreCAD
• FreeCAD
• BRL-CAD

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website

AutoCAD

Developer(s)	Autodesk
Initial release	December 1982; 40 years ago
Stable release	2023 / March 25, 2022; 9 months ago
Operating system	Windows, macOS, iOS, Android
Available in	14 languages
List of languages English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian
Type	Computer-aided design
License	Trialware
Website	www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview

AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,^[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.^[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.^[3] AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps.

AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide in 1994.^[1]

Introduction[edit]

AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979^[4] called Interact CAD,^[5][6][7] also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk’s (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle.^[8][9]

The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. AutoCAD supported CP/M-80 computers.^[10] As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide.^[11] The 2022 release marked the 36th major release of AutoCAD for Windows and the 12th consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac. The native file format of AutoCAD is .dwg. This and, to a lesser extent, its interchange file format DXF, have become de facto, if proprietary, standards for CAD data interoperability, particularly for 2D drawing exchange.^[12] AutoCAD has included support for .dwf, a format developed and promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.

File formats[edit]

Filename extensions[edit]

AutoCAD’s native file formats are denoted either by a .dwg, .dwt, .dws, or .dxf filename extension.

The primary file format for 2D and 3D drawing files created with AutoCAD is .dwg. While other third-party CAD software applications can create .dwg files, AutoCAD uniquely creates RealDWG files.^[13]

Using AutoCAD, any .dwg file may be saved to a derivative format. These derivative formats include:

• Drawing Template Files .dwt: New .dwg are created from a .dwt file. Although the default template file is acad.dwt for AutoCAD and acadlt.dwt for AutoCAD LT, custom .dwt files may be created to include foundational configurations such as drawing units and layers.
• Drawing Standards File .dws: Using the CAD Standards feature of AutoCAD, a Drawing Standards File may be associated to any .dwg or .dwt file to enforce graphical standards.
• Drawing Interchange Format .dxf: The .dxf format is an ASCII representation of a .dwg file, and is used to transfer data between various applications.^[14]

Features[edit]

Compatibility with other software[edit]

ESRI ArcMap 10 permits export as AutoCAD drawing files. Civil 3D permits export as AutoCAD objects and as LandXML. Third-party file converters exist for specific formats such as Bentley MX GENIO Extension, PISTE Extension (France), ISYBAU (Germany), OKSTRA and Microdrainage (UK);^[15] also, conversion of .pdf files is feasible, however, the accuracy of the results may be unpredictable or distorted. For example, jagged edges may appear. Several vendors provide online conversions for free such as Cometdocs.

Language[edit]

AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian (also through additional language packs).^[16] The extent of localization varies from full translation of the product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized as a part of the software localization.

Extensions[edit]

AutoCAD supports a number of APIs for customization and automation. These include AutoLISP, Visual LISP, VBA, .NET and ObjectARX. ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for:

• products extending AutoCAD functionality to specific fields
• creating products such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D
• third-party AutoCAD-based application

There are a large number of AutoCAD plugins (add-on applications) available on the application store Autodesk Exchange Apps.^[17]
AutoCAD’s DXF, drawing exchange format, allows importing and exporting drawing information.

Vertical integration[edit]

Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs for discipline-specific enhancements such as:

• Advance Steel
• AutoCAD Architecture
• AutoCAD Electrical
• AutoCAD Map 3D
• AutoCAD Mechanical
• AutoCAD MEP
• AutoCAD Plant 3D
• Autodesk Civil 3D

Since AutoCAD 2019 several verticals are included with AutoCAD subscription as Industry-Specific Toolset.

For example, AutoCAD Architecture (formerly Architectural Desktop) permits architectural designers to draw 3D objects, such as walls, doors, and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects, such as lines and circles. The data can be programmed to represent specific architectural products sold in the construction industry, or extracted into a data file for pricing, materials estimation, and other values related to the objects represented.

Additional tools generate standard 2D drawings, such as elevations and sections, from a 3D architectural model. Similarly, Civil Design, Civil Design 3D, and Civil Design Professional support data-specific objects facilitating easy standard civil engineering calculations and representations.

Softdesk Civil was developed as an AutoCAD add-on by a company in New Hampshire called Softdesk (originally DCA). Softdesk was acquired by Autodesk, and Civil became Land Development Desktop (LDD), later renamed Land Desktop. Civil 3D was later developed and Land Desktop was retired.

Variants[edit]

AutoCAD LT[edit]

AutoCAD LT is the lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities, first released in November 1993. Autodesk developed AutoCAD LT to have an entry-level CAD package to compete in the lower price level. Priced at $495, it became the first AutoCAD product priced below $1000. It was sold directly by Autodesk and in computer stores unlike the full version of AutoCAD, which must be purchased from official Autodesk dealers. AutoCAD LT 2015 introduced Desktop Subscription service from $360 per year; as of 2018, three subscription plans were available, from $50 a month to a 3-year, $1170 license.

While there are hundreds of small differences between the full AutoCAD package and AutoCAD LT, there are a few recognized major differences^[18] in the software’s features:

• 3D capabilities: AutoCAD LT lacks the ability to create, visualize and render 3D models as well as 3D printing.
• Network licensing: AutoCAD LT cannot be used on multiple machines over a network.
• Customization: AutoCAD LT does not support customization with LISP, ARX, .NET and VBA.
• Management and automation capabilities with Sheet Set Manager and Action Recorder.
• CAD standards management tools.

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web[edit]

AutoCAD Mobile and AutoCAD Web (formerly AutoCAD WS and AutoCAD 360)^[19] is an account-based mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit, and share AutoCAD files via mobile device and web^[20] using a limited AutoCAD feature set — and using cloud-stored drawing files. The program, which is an evolution and combination of previous products, uses a freemium business model with a free plan and two paid levels, including various amounts of storage, tools, and online access to drawings. 360 includes new features such as a «Smart Pen» mode and linking to third-party cloud-based storage such as Dropbox. Having evolved from Flash-based software, AutoCAD Web uses HTML5 browser technology available in newer browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome.

AutoCAD WS began with a version for the iPhone and subsequently expanded to include versions for the iPod Touch, iPad, Android phones, and Android tablets.^[21] Autodesk released the iOS version in September 2010,^[22] following with the Android version on April 20, 2011.^[23] The program is available via download at no cost from the App Store (iOS), Google Play (Android) and Amazon Appstore (Android).

In its initial iOS version, AutoCAD WS supported drawing of lines, circles, and other shapes; creation of text and comment boxes; and management of color, layer, and measurements — in both landscape and portrait modes. Version 1.3, released August 17, 2011, added support for unit typing, layer visibility, area measurement and file management.^[20] The Android variant includes the iOS feature set along with such unique features as the ability to insert text or captions by voice command as well as manually.^[23] Both Android and iOS versions allow the user to save files on-line — or off-line in the absence of an Internet connection.^[23]

In 2011, Autodesk announced plans to migrate the majority of its software to «the cloud», starting with the AutoCAD WS mobile application.^[24]

According to a 2013 interview with Ilai Rotbaein, an AutoCAD WS product manager for Autodesk, the name AutoCAD WS had no definitive meaning, and was interpreted variously as Autodesk Web Service, White Sheet or Work Space.^[25] In 2013, AutoCAD WS was renamed to AutoCAD 360.^[26] Later, it was renamed to AutoCAD Web App.

Student versions[edit]

AutoCAD is licensed, for free, to students, educators, and educational institutions, with a 12-month renewable license available. Licenses acquired before March 25, 2020 were a 36-month license, with its last renovation on March 24, 2020.^[27] The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the «educational flag»). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student) older than AutoCAD 2014 SP1 or AutoCAD 2019 and newer, the output includes a plot stamp/banner on all four sides. Objects created in the Student Version cannot be used for commercial use. Student Version objects «infect» a commercial version DWG file if they are imported in versions older than AutoCAD 2015 or newer than AutoCAD 2018.^[28]

Ports[edit]

Windows[edit]

AutoCAD Release 12 in 1992 was the first version of the software to support the Windows platform — in that case Windows 3.1. After Release 14 in 1997, support for MS-DOS, Unix and Macintosh were dropped, and AutoCAD was exclusively Windows supported. In general any new AutoCAD version supports the current Windows version and some older ones. AutoCAD 2016 to 2020 support Windows 7 up to Windows 10.^[29]

Mac[edit]

Autodesk stopped supporting Apple’s Macintosh computers in 1994. Over the next several years, no compatible versions for the Mac were released. In 2010 Autodesk announced that it would once again support Apple’s Mac OS X software in the future.^[30] Most of the features found in the 2012 Windows version can be found in the 2012 Mac version. The main difference is the user interface and layout of the program. The interface is designed so that users who are already familiar with Apple’s macOS software will find it similar to other Mac applications.^[22] Autodesk has also built-in various features in order to take full advantage of Apple’s Trackpad capabilities as well as the full-screen mode in Apple’s OS X Lion.^[21][22] AutoCAD 2012 for Mac supports both the editing and saving of files in DWG formatting that will allow the file to be compatible with other platforms besides macOS.^[21] AutoCAD 2019 for Mac requires Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or later.

AutoCAD LT 2013 was available through the Mac App Store for $899.99. The full-featured version of AutoCAD 2013 for Mac, however, wasn’t available through the Mac App Store due to the price limit of $999 set by Apple. AutoCAD 2014 for Mac was available for purchase from Autodesk’s web site for $4,195 and AutoCAD LT 2014 for Mac for $1,200, or from an Autodesk authorized reseller.^[30] The latest version available for Mac is AutoCAD 2022 as of January 2022.

Version history[edit]

See also[edit]

• Autodesk 3ds Max
• Autodesk Maya
• Autodesk Revit
• AutoShade
• AutoSketch
• Comparison of computer-aided design software
• Design Web Format

Open source CAD sofware:

• LibreCAD
• FreeCAD
• BRL-CAD

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website