Как правильно пишется джеки чан

Yang Berbahagia Datuk[1] Jackie Chan SBS MBE PMW
Chan at the launch of Bleeding Steel in July 2016
Member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference
Incumbent
Assumed office March 2013
Personal details
Born	7 April 1954 (age 68) British Hong Kong
Spouse	Joan Lin ​ (m. 1982)​
Children	2, including Jaycee Chan
Occupation	Martial artist actor filmmaker action choreographer singer stunt director stunt performer
Awards	Full list
Website	jackiechan.com
Musical career
Genres	Cantopop, Mandopop, Hong Kong English pop, J-pop
Years active	1962–present
Birth name
Traditional Chinese	陳港生
Literal meaning	Chan the [Hong] Kong-born
Transcriptions Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Can4 Gong2sang1 IPA [tsʰɐ̏n kɔ̌ːŋ.sɐ́ŋ]
Stage name
Traditional Chinese	成龍
Simplified Chinese	成龙
Literal meaning	Becoming the Dragon
Transcriptions Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Sing4 Lung4 IPA [sȅŋ lȍŋ]
Real name
Traditional Chinese	房仕龍
Simplified Chinese	房仕龙
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Fáng Shìlóng IPA [fǎŋ ʂɻ̩̂.lʊ̌ŋ] Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Fong4 Si6lung4

Fang Shilong^[2][3] SBS MBE PMW^[4] (born 7 April 1954),^[5] known professionally in English as Jackie Chan and in Chinese as Cheng Long (Chinese: 成龍; Jyutping: Sing4 Lung4; lit. «becoming the dragon»^[6][7]), is a Hong Kong^[8][9] actor, filmmaker, martial artist, and stuntman known for his slapstick acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, and innovative stunts, which he typically performs himself. Chan has been acting since the 1960s, performing in more than 150 films. He is one of the most popular action film stars of all time.^[10]

Chan is one of the most recognisable and influential film personalities in the world, with a widespread global following in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. He has received fame stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars and the Hollywood Walk of Fame.^[11][12] Chan has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, films, and video games. He is an operatically trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of music albums and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred. He is also a globally known philanthropist and has been named one of the top 10 most charitable celebrities by Forbes magazine.^[13][14] In 2004, film scholar Andrew Willis stated that Chan was perhaps the «most recognised film star in the world.»^[15] In 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth to be $350 million, and as of 2016, he was the second-highest-paid actor in the world.^[16][17]

Chan’s views on Hong Kong politics have gradually shifted from a pro-democratic stance in the 1990s to a pro-Beijing stance since the 2010s. Since 2013,^[18] Chan has been a pro-Communist politician, serving as an invited delegate in the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.^[19][20][21] In 2021, he expressed his desire to join the Chinese Communist Party.^[22][23]

Early life

Chan was born on 7 April 1954 in British Hong Kong as Chan Kong-sang (Chinese: 陳港生; lit. ‘Chan the Hong Kong-born’^[5][7]) to Charles and Lee-Lee Chan, refugees from the Chinese Civil War. His parents were so poor they had to borrow money from friends to pay the doctor.^[5] His parents nicknamed him Pao-pao (Chinese: 炮炮; lit. ‘Cannonball’) because the energetic child was always rolling around.^[24] His parents worked for the French ambassador in Hong Kong, and Chan spent his formative years within the grounds of the consul’s residence in the Victoria Peak district.^[25]

Chan attended the Nah-Hwa Primary School on Hong Kong Island, where he failed his first year, after which his parents withdrew him from the school. In 1960, his father emigrated to Canberra, Australia to work as the head cook for the American embassy, and Chan was sent to the China Drama Academy, a Peking Opera School run by Master Yu Jim-yuen.^[25][26] Chan trained rigorously for the next decade, excelling in martial arts and acrobatics.^[27] He eventually became part of the Seven Little Fortunes, a performance group made up of the school’s best students, gaining the stage name Yuen Lo (元樓) in homage to his master. Chan became close friends with fellow group members Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao, and the three of them later became known as the Three Brothers or Three Dragons.^[28] After entering the film industry, Chan along with Sammo Hung got the opportunity to train in hapkido under the grand master Jin Pal Kim, and Chan eventually attained a black belt.^[29]

Chan joined his parents in Canberra, Australia in 1971, where he briefly attended Dickson College and worked as a construction worker.^[30] A fellow builder named Jack took Chan under his wing, thus earning Chan the nickname of «Little Jack,» later shortened to «Jackie», which has stuck with him ever since.^[31]

In the late 1990s, Chan changed his Chinese name to Fang Shilong (房仕龍；Cantonese: Fong Si-lung), since his father’s original surname was Fang.^[31] They are the descendants of Fang Xuanling, a chancellor of the Tang dynasty.^[32]

Film career

1962–1975: Early small appearances

He began his film career by appearing in small roles at the age of five as a child actor. At age eight, he appeared with some of his fellow «Little Fortunes» in the film Big and Little Wong Tin Bar (1962) with Li Li-Hua playing his mother. The following year, the young actor appeared in extras of The Love Eterne (1963) and had a small role in King Hu’s 1966 film Come Drink with Me.^[33] In 1971, after an appearance as an extra in another kung fu film, A Touch of Zen, Chan was signed to Chu Mu’s Great Earth Film Company.^[34]

Chan appeared in the Bruce Lee film Fist of Fury (1972), both as an extra and as a stunt double for the Japanese villain Hiroshi Suzuki (portrayed by Riki Hashimoto), particularly during the final fight scene where Lee kicks him and he flies through the air.^[35][36] Chan again appeared in another Bruce Lee film, Enter the Dragon (1973), as a minor henchman who gets killed by Lee’s character. Sammo Hung helped Chan get minor roles in both of the Bruce Lee films.^[37] Chan also worked as a martial arts choreographer for John Woo’s The Young Dragons (1974).^[36]

1976–1980: Start-up leading roles

In 1976, Jackie Chan received a telegram from Willie Chan, a film producer in the Hong Kong film industry who had been impressed with Jackie’s stunt choreography work. Willie Chan offered him an acting role in a film directed by Lo Wei. Lo saw Chan’s performance in the John Woo film Hand of Death (1976) and planned to model him after Bruce Lee with the film New Fist of Fury.^[34] His stage name was changed to 成龍 (literally «becoming the dragon»,^[6][7] Sing4 Lung4 in Jyutping^[7] or rarely as Cheng Long in pinyin),^[38] to emphasise his similarity to Bruce Lee, whose stage name meant «Lee the Little Dragon» in Chinese. (Note that «dragon» in Lee’s name referred to Lee’s birth year being the Dragon zodiac, not the Chinese dragon.) The film was unsuccessful because Chan was not accustomed to Lee’s martial arts style. Despite the film’s failure, Lo Wei continued producing films with similar themes, but with little improvement at the box office.^[39]

Chan’s first major breakthrough was the 1978 film Snake in the Eagle’s Shadow, shot while he was loaned to Seasonal Film Corporation under a two-picture deal.^[40] Director Yuen Woo-ping allowed Chan complete freedom over his stunt work. The film established the comedic kung fu genre, and proved refreshing to the Hong Kong audience.^[41] The same year, Chan then starred in Drunken Master, which finally propelled him to mainstream success.^[42]

Upon Chan’s return to Lo Wei’s studio, Lo tried to replicate the comedic approach of Drunken Master, producing and also showed new features at the time with Jackie as the Stunt Director Half a Loaf of Kung Fu and Spiritual Kung Fu.^[31] He also gave Chan the opportunity to make his directorial debut in The Fearless Hyena. When Willie Chan left the company, he advised Jackie to decide for himself whether or not to stay with Lo Wei. During the shooting of Fearless Hyena Part II, Chan broke his contract and joined Golden Harvest, prompting Lo to blackmail Chan with triads, blaming Willie for his star’s departure. The dispute was resolved with the help of fellow actor and director Jimmy Wang Yu, allowing Chan to stay with Golden Harvest.^[40]

1980–1987: Commercial success in the action comedy genre

Willie Chan became Jackie’s personal manager and firm friend, and remained so for over 30 years. He was instrumental in launching Chan’s international career, beginning with his first forays into the American film industry in the 1980s. His first Hollywood film was The Big Brawl in 1980.^[43][44] Chan then played a minor role in the 1981 film The Cannonball Run, which grossed over US$100 million worldwide.^[45] Despite being largely ignored by North American audiences in favour of established American actors such as Burt Reynolds, Chan was impressed by the outtakes shown at the closing credits, inspiring him to include the same device in his future films.

After the commercial failure of The Protector in 1985, Chan temporarily abandoned his attempts to break into the US market, returning his focus to Hong Kong films.^[39]

Back in Hong Kong, Chan’s films began to reach a larger audience in East Asia, with early successes in the lucrative Japanese market including Drunken Master, The Young Master (1980) and Dragon Lord (1982).^[46] The Young Master went on to beat previous box office records set by Bruce Lee and established Chan as Hong Kong cinema’s top star. With Dragon Lord, he began experimenting with elaborate stunt action sequences,^[47] including the final fight scene where he performs various stunts, including one where he does a back flip off a loft and falls to the lower ground.^[48]

Chan produced a number of action comedy films with his opera school friends Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao. The three co-starred together for the first time in 1983 in Project A, which introduced a dangerous stunt-driven style of martial arts that won it the Best Action Design Award at the third annual Hong Kong Film Awards.^[49] Over the following two years, the «Three Brothers» appeared in Wheels on Meals and the original Lucky Stars trilogy.^[50][51] In 1985, Chan made the first Police Story film, a crime action film in which Chan performed a number of dangerous stunts. It won Best Film at the 1986 Hong Kong Film Awards.^[52] In 1986, Chan played «Asian Hawk,» an Indiana Jones-esque character, in the film Armour of God. The film was Chan’s biggest domestic box office success up to that point, grossing over HK$35 million.^[53]

1988–1998: Acclaimed film sequels and Hollywood breakthrough

In 1988, Chan starred alongside Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao for the last time to date in the film Dragons Forever. Hung co-directed with Corey Yuen, and the villain in the film was played by Yuen Wah, both of whom were fellow graduates of the China Drama Academy.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Chan starred in a number of successful sequels beginning with Project A Part II and Police Story 2, which won the award for Best Action Choreography at the 1989 Hong Kong Film Awards. This was followed by Armour of God II: Operation Condor, and Police Story 3: Super Cop, for which Chan won the Best Actor Award at the 1993 Golden Horse Film Festival. In 1994, Chan reprised his role as Wong Fei-hung in Drunken Master II, which was listed in Time Magazine’s All-Time 100 Movies.^[54] Another sequel, Police Story 4: First Strike, brought more awards and domestic box office success for Chan, but did not fare as well in foreign markets.^[55]

By the mid-1990s, he was the most popular action movie star in Asia and Europe.^[56] Up until January 1995, his films had grossed over HK$500 million (US$70 million) in Hong Kong^[57] and ¥39 billion (US$415 million) in Japan,^[46] while having sold over 33 million box office admissions in France, Germany, Italy and Spain up until then.^[58] Despite his international success, he was not very successful in North America, where he had only two wide releases as a leading actor, The Big Brawl and The Protector, grossing US$9.51 million (US$32 million adjusted for inflation).^[59] Despite this, there was a thriving North American home video market for Chan’s Hong Kong films by the mid-1990s.^[60]

Chan rekindled his Hollywood ambitions in the 1990s, but refused early offers to play villains in Hollywood films to avoid being typecast in future roles. For example, Sylvester Stallone offered him the role of Simon Phoenix, a criminal in the futuristic film Demolition Man. Chan declined and the role was taken by Wesley Snipes.^[61]

Chan finally succeeded in establishing a foothold in the North American market in 1995 with a worldwide release of Rumble in the Bronx, attaining a cult following in the United States that was rare for Hong Kong movie stars.^[62] The success of Rumble in the Bronx led to a 1996 release of Police Story 3: Super Cop in the United States under the title Supercop, which grossed a total of US$16,270,600. Chan’s first huge blockbuster success came when he co-starred with Chris Tucker in the 1998 buddy cop action comedy Rush Hour,^[63] grossing US$130 million in the United States alone.^[40] This film made him a Hollywood star, after which he wrote his autobiography in collaboration with Jeff Yang entitled I Am Jackie Chan.

1999–2007: Fame in Hollywood and dramatisation

In 1998, Chan released his final film for Golden Harvest, Who Am I?. After leaving Golden Harvest in 1999, he produced and starred alongside Shu Qi in Gorgeous, a romantic comedy that focused on personal relationships and featured only a few martial arts sequences.^[65] Although Chan had left Golden Harvest in 1999, the company continued to produce and distribute for two of his films, Gorgeous (1999) and The Accidental Spy (2001). Chan then helped create a PlayStation game in 2000 called Jackie Chan Stuntmaster, to which he lent his voice and performed the motion capture.^[66] He continued his Hollywood success in 2000 when he teamed up with Owen Wilson in the Western action comedy Shanghai Noon. A sequel, Shanghai Knights followed in 2003 and also featured his first on-screen fight scene with Donnie Yen.^[67] He reunited with Chris Tucker for Rush Hour 2 (2001), which was an even bigger success than the original, grossing $347 million worldwide.^[68] Chan experimented with the use of special effects and wirework for the fight scenes in his next two Hollywood films, The Tuxedo (2002) and The Medallion (2003), which were not as successful critically or commercially.^[69] In 2004, he teamed up with Steve Coogan in Around the World in 80 Days, loosely based on Jules Verne’s novel of the same name. In 2004, film scholar Andrew Willis stated that Chan was «perhaps» the «most recognised star in the world».^[15]

Despite the success of the Rush Hour and Shanghai Noon films, Chan became frustrated with Hollywood over the limited range of roles and lack of control over the filmmaking process.^[70] In response to Golden Harvest’s withdrawal from the film industry in 2003, Chan started his own film production company, JCE Movies Limited (Jackie Chan Emperor Movies Limited) in association with Emperor Multimedia Group (EMG).^[40] His films have since featured an increasing number of dramatic scenes while continuing to succeed at the box office; examples include New Police Story (2004), The Myth (2005) and the hit film Rob-B-Hood (2006).^[71][72][73]

Chan’s next release was the third instalment in the Rush Hour film series: Rush Hour 3 in August 2007. It grossed US$255 million.^[74] However, it was a disappointment in Hong Kong, grossing only HK$3.5 million during its opening weekend.^[75]

2008–present: New experiments and change in acting style

Filming of The Forbidden Kingdom, Chan’s first on-screen collaboration with fellow Chinese actor Jet Li, was completed on 24 August 2007 and the movie was released in April 2008. The movie featured heavy use of effects and wires.^[76][77] Chan voiced Master Monkey in Kung Fu Panda (released in June 2008), appearing with Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, and Angelina Jolie.^[78] In addition, he has assisted Anthony Szeto in an advisory capacity for the writer-director’s film Wushu, released on 1 May 2008. The film stars Sammo Hung and Wang Wenjie as father and son.^[79]

In November 2007, Chan began filming Shinjuku Incident, a dramatic role featuring no martial arts sequences with director Derek Yee, which sees Chan take on the role of a Chinese immigrant in Japan.^[80] The film was released on 2 April 2009. According to his blog, Chan discussed his wishes to direct a film after completing Shinjuku Incident, something he has not done for a number of years.^[81] The film was expected to be the third in the Armour of God series, and had a working title of Armour of God III: Chinese Zodiac. The film was released on 12 December 2012.^[82] Because the Screen Actors Guild did not go on strike, Chan started shooting his next Hollywood movie The Spy Next Door at the end of October in New Mexico.^[83] In The Spy Next Door, Chan plays an undercover agent whose cover is blown when he looks after the children of his girlfriend. In Little Big Soldier, Chan stars alongside Leehom Wang as a soldier in the Warring States period in China. He is the lone survivor of his army and must bring a captured enemy soldier Leehom Wang to the capital of his province.

In 2010, he starred with Jaden Smith in The Karate Kid, a remake of the 1984 original.^[84] This was Chan’s first dramatic American film. He plays Mr. Han, a kung fu master and maintenance man who teaches Jaden Smith’s character kung fu so he can defend himself from school bullies. His role in The Karate Kid won him the Favorite Buttkicker award at the Nickelodeon Kids’ Choice Awards in 2011.^[85] In Chan’s next movie, Shaolin, he plays a supporting role as a cook of a temple instead of one of the major characters.

His 100th movie, 1911, was released on 26 September 2011. Chan was the co-director, executive producer, and lead star of the movie.^[86] While Chan has directed over ten films over his career, this was his first directorial work since Who Am I? in 1998. 1911 premiered in North America on 14 October.^[87]

While at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, Chan announced that he was retiring from action films citing that he was getting too old for the genre. He later clarified that he would not be completely retiring from action films, but would be performing fewer stunts and taking care of his body more.^[88]

In 2013, Chan starred in Police Story 2013, a reboot of the Police Story franchise directed by Ding Sheng, and it was released in China at the end of 2013. Chan’s next film Dragon Blade was released in early 2015 and co-starred Hollywood actors John Cusack and Adrien Brody. In 2015, Chan was awarded the title of «Datuk» by Malaysia as he helped Malaysia to boost its tourism, especially in Kuala Lumpur where he previously shot his films.^[89] In early 2017, Chan’s new film titled Kung Fu Yoga, a Chinese-Indian project, which also starred Disha Patani, Sonu Sood and Amyra Dastur, was released. The film reunited Chan with director Stanley Tong, who directed a number of Chan’s films in the 1990s. Upon release, the film was a huge success at the box office, and became the 5th highest-grossing film in China, one month after its release. In 2016, he teamed up with Johnny Knoxville and starred in his own production Skiptrace.

Chan starred in the 2016 action-comedy Railroad Tigers and the 2017 action-thriller The Foreigner, an Anglo-Chinese production. He also stars in the science fiction film Bleeding Steel. He will appear in Project X-Traction alongside John Cena.

His films had collectively grossed HK$1.14 billion (US$147 million) at the Hong Kong box office up until 2010,^[90] over US$72 million in South Korea between 1991 and 2010,^[91] and ¥48.4 billion (US$607 million) in Japan up until 2012.^[46] In Europe, his films collectively sold about 84 million tickets between 1973 and 2010.^[58] As of 2021, his films have grossed over ¥14 billion RMB (US$2.17 billion) in China,^[92] and US$1.84 billion^[93] (more than US$2.44 billion adjusted for inflation) in the United States and Canada.^[59] As of 2018, 48 of his films have grossed more than US$5 billion at the worldwide box office.^[93]

Other works

Music

Chan had vocal lessons whilst at the Peking Opera School in his childhood. He began producing records professionally in the 1980s and has gone on to become a successful singer in Hong Kong and Asia. He has released 20 albums since 1984 and has performed vocals in Cantonese, Mandarin, Japanese, Taiwanese and English. He often sings the theme songs of his films, which play over the closing credits. Chan’s first musical recording was «Kung Fu Fighting Man», the theme song played over the closing credits of The Young Master (1980).^[94] At least 10 of these recordings have been released on soundtrack albums for the films.^[95][96] His Cantonese song «Story of a Hero» (英雄故事) (theme song of Police Story) was selected by the Royal Hong Kong Police and incorporated into their recruitment advertisement in 1994.^[97]

Chan voiced the character of Shang in the Chinese release of the Walt Disney animated feature Mulan (1998). He also performed the song «I’ll Make a Man Out of You», for the film’s soundtrack. For the US release, the speaking voice was performed by B.D. Wong and the singing voice was done by Donny Osmond. He also collaborated with Ani DiFranco on «Unforgettable».^[98]

In 2007, Chan recorded and released «We Are Ready», the official one-year countdown song to the 2008 Summer Olympics which he performed at a ceremony marking the one-year countdown to the 2008 Summer Paralympics.^[99] Chan also released one of the two official Olympics albums, Official Album for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games – Jackie Chan’s Version, which featured a number of special guest appearances.^[100] Chan performed «Hard to Say Goodbye» along with Andy Lau, Liu Huan and Wakin (Emil) Chau, at the 2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony.^[101]

Academia

Chan received his honorary Doctorate of Social Science degree in 1996 from the Hong Kong Baptist University.^[102] In 2009, he received another honorary doctorate from the University of Cambodia,^[103][104] and has also been awarded an honorary professorship by the Savannah College of Art and Design in Hong Kong in 2008.^[105]

Chan is currently a faculty member of the School of Hotel and Tourism Management at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,^[106] where he teaches the subject of tourism management. As of 2015, he also serves as the Dean of the Jackie Chan Film and Television Academy under the Wuhan Institute of Design and Sciences.^[107]

Personal life

In 1982, Chan married Joan Lin, a Taiwanese actress. Their son, singer and actor Jaycee Chan, was born that same year.^[70] Chan’s extra-marital affair with Elaine Ng Yi-Lei and has a daughter Etta Ng Chok Lam, born on 18 January 1999. It turned into a scandal within the media. Although he reportedly gave Elaine 70,000 HK dollars each month for her living expenses and 600,000 HK dollars when she moved to Shanghai, the transactions were later claimed to be nonexistent by her lawyer.^{[108][109][110][111]} Despite regretting the results of the affair, Chan said he had «only committed a fault that many men in the world commit».^{[112][113][114]} During the incident, Elaine stated she would take care of her daughter without Chan.^[115]

Chan speaks Cantonese, Mandarin, English, and American Sign Language and also speaks some German, Korean, Japanese, Spanish, and Thai.^[116] Chan is an avid football fan and supports the Hong Kong national football team, the England national football team, and Manchester City.^[117]

He is a fan of the Italian duo Bud Spencer and Terence Hill, from whom he was inspired for his movies.^[118]

Stunts and screen persona

Chan has performed most of his own stunts throughout his film career, which are choreographed by the Jackie Chan Stunt Team. The team was established in 1983, and Chan has used them in all his subsequent films to make choreographing easier, given his understanding of each member’s abilities.^[119] Chan and his team undertake many of the stunts performed by other characters in his films, shooting the scenes so that their faces are obscured.^[120]

In the early 1980s, Jackie Chan began experimenting with elaborate stunt action sequences in films such as The Young Master (1980)^[121] and especially Dragon Lord (1982),^[122] which featured a pyramid fight scene that holds the record for the most takes required for a single scene, with 2900 takes,^[123] and the final fight scene where he performs various stunts, including one where he does a backflip off a loft and falls to the lower ground.^[124] In 1983, Project A saw the official formation of the Jackie Chan Stunt Team and added elaborate, dangerous stunts to the fights and typical slapstick humor; at one point, Chan falls from the top of a clock tower through a series of fabric canopies. Critics have compared his comedic stunts in Project A to Buster Keaton, who was also known to perform his own stunts, although Chan himself had not watched Keaton’s films until years after Project A released; according to Chan, Project A was an evolution of the action stunt work he had been doing in earlier kung fu comedy films since The Young Master.^[121]

Police Story (1985) contained many large-scale action scenes, including an opening sequence featuring a car chase through a shanty town, Chan stopping a double-decker bus with his service revolver and a climactic fight scene in a shopping mall. This final scene earned the film the nickname «Glass Story» by the crew, due to the huge number of panes of sugar glass that were broken. During a stunt in this last scene, in which Chan slides down a pole from several stories up, the lights covering the pole had heated it considerably, resulting in Chan suffering second-degree burns, particularly to his hands, as well as a back injury and dislocation of his pelvis upon landing.^[125] Chan performed similarly elaborate stunts in numerous other films, such as several Police Story sequels, Project A Part II, the Armor of God series, Dragons Forever, Drunken Master II, Rumble in the Bronx, and the Rush Hour series, among others.

The dangerous nature of his stunts makes it difficult to get insurance, especially in the United States where his stunt work is contractually limited.^[120] Chan holds the Guinness World Record for «Most Stunts by a Living Actor», which emphasises that «no insurance company will underwrite Chan’s productions in which he performs all his own stunts».^[126]

Chan has been injured frequently when attempting stunts; many of them have been shown as outtakes or as bloopers during the closing credits of his films. He came closest to death filming Armour of God when he fell from a tree and fractured his skull. Over the years, he has dislocated his pelvis and also broken numerous parts of his body, including his fingers, toes, nose, both cheekbones, hips, sternum, neck, ankle, and ribs.^[127][128] Promotional materials for Rumble in the Bronx emphasised that he performed all of the stunts, and one version of the movie poster even diagrammed his many injuries.

Chan created his screen persona as a response to the late Bruce Lee and the numerous imitators who appeared before and after Lee’s death. Lee’s characters were typically stern, morally upright heroes. In contrast, Chan plays well-meaning, slightly foolish regular men, often at the mercy of their friends, girlfriends, or families, who always triumph in the end despite the odds.^[31] Additionally, he has stated that he deliberately styles his movement to be the opposite of Lee’s: where Lee held his arms wide, Chan holds his tight to the body; where Lee was loose and flowing, Chan is tight and choppy. Despite the success of the Rush Hour series, Chan has stated that he is not a fan of it since he neither appreciates the action scenes in the movie nor understands American humor.^[129]

American filmmaker Quentin Tarantino classified Chan’s style of acting and filmmaking as physical comedy, and considered him one of the greatest in the genre.^[56] British filmmaker Edgar Wright describes Jackie Chan as an «expressive» visual performer with an everyman persona. He notes that, in contrast to other action heroes (such as Bruce Lee, Sylvester Stallone, Clint Eastwood or Arnold Schwarzenegger), Chan presents himself as a loveable «goofball» underdog who overcomes the odds with almost «superhuman» acrobatic stunts and fighting abilities.^[130]

In the 2000s, the ageing Chan grew tired of being typecast as an action hero, prompting him to act with more emotion in his latest films.^[131] In New Police Story, he portrayed a character suffering from alcoholism and mourning his murdered colleagues.^[95] To further shed the image of a «nice guy», Chan played an antihero for the first time in Rob-B-Hood starring as Thongs, a burglar with gambling problems.^[132] In 2008, Chan met actor Vijay and discussed about his stunts in his films putting his life at risk.^[133] Chan plays a low-level gangster in 2009’s Shinjuku Incident, a serious drama set in Tokyo about unsavory characters.^[134]

Legacy

Chan has received global recognition for his film acting and stunt work. His accolades include the Innovator Award from the American Choreography Awards and a lifetime achievement award from the Taurus World Stunt Awards.^[135] He has stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars.^[136] In addition, Chan has also been honoured by placing his hand and footprints at Grauman’s Chinese Theatre.^[137] Despite considerable box office success in Asia, Chan’s Hollywood films have been criticised with regard to their action choreography. Reviewers of Rush Hour 2, The Tuxedo, and Shanghai Knights noted the toning down of Chan’s fighting scenes, citing less intensity compared to his earlier films.^{[138][139][140]} The comedic value of his films is questioned; some critics stating that they can be childish at times.^[141] Chan was awarded the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1989 and the Silver Bauhinia Star (SBS) in 1999.^[142][143]

When American filmmaker Quentin Tarantino presented Chan with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 1995 MTV Movie Awards, Tarantino described Chan as «one of the best filmmakers the world has ever known» and «one of the greatest physical comedians since sound came into film.»^[56]

Cultural impact

Film industry

Numerous films from around the world have taken inspiration from Jackie Chan’s fight sequences and action choreography. Examples include The Matrix and Kill Bill (both choreographed by his former colleague Yuen Woo-ping), the Kung Fu Panda series (where he also voiced Monkey), The Raid: Redemption (2011) from Indonesian cinema, Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014), the John Wick series, Atomic Blonde (2017), Marvel Cinematic Universe films such as Black Panther (2018) and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), the DC Extended Universe film Birds of Prey (2020), and the Netflix film Extraction (2020).^[144] British filmmaker Edgar Wright cited Chan as an influence and said that, «No matter how many people try and rip off Jackie Chan movies, there’s something which they can’t rip off which is Jackie Chan himself.»^[130] Tom Holland also cited Chan as an influence on several action scenes in Uncharted (2022), noting Chan’s use of his surroundings to fight people in unique ways.^[145][146]

In popular culture and media

Chan has been the subject of Ash’s song «Kung Fu», Heavy Vegetable’s «Jackie Chan Is a Punk Rocker», Leehom Wang’s «Long Live Chinese People», as well as in «Jackie Chan» by Frank Chickens, and television shows Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, Celebrity Deathmatch and Family Guy.

He has been cited as the inspiration for manga and anime such as Dragon Ball, which was particularly inspired by Drunken Master,^{[147][148][149]} and the fight scenes in Jackie Chan movies;^[150][151] the show pays homage with a character by the alias «Jackie Chun».^[152] Toriyama said he had a young Jackie Chan in mind for a live-action Goku, stating that «nobody could play Goku but him.»^[153] Chan himself was a fan of the series, and had expressed some interest in adapting Dragon Ball into a live-action film, but said it would require «a lot of amazing special effects and an enormous budget.»^[154]

The parkour movement was also inspired by Chan.^[155][156]

A number of video games have been based on, or featured, Jackie Chan. His film Wheels on Meals (called Spartan X in Japan) spawned the hit 1984 beat ’em up arcade game Spartan X (released as Kung-Fu Master in Western markets), and its sequel Spartan X 2 for the Nintendo Famicom console. Spartan X laid the foundations for the beat ’em up genre,^[157][158] and inspired other games including Super Mario Bros. (1985)^[159][160] and Street Fighter (1987).^[161][162] Jackie Chan’s Action Kung Fu was released in 1990 for the PC-Engine and Nintendo Entertainment System. In 1995, Chan was featured in the arcade game Jackie Chan The Kung-Fu Master. A series of Japanese video games were released on the MSX computer by Pony, based on several of Chan’s films (Project A, Project A 2, Police Story, The Protector and Wheels on Meals). Other games based on Jackie Chan include Jackie Chan Stuntmaster, Jackie Chan Adventures and Jackie Chan J-Mat Fitness.^[163] Chan also inspired video game characters such as Lei Wulong in Tekken and the fighting-type Pokémon Hitmonchan.^{[164][165][166]}

On 25 June 2013, Chan responded to a hoax Facebook page created a few days earlier that alleged he had died. He said that several people contacted him to congratulate him on his recent engagement, and soon thereafter contacted him again to ask if he was still alive. He posted a Facebook message, commenting: «If I died, I would probably tell the world!»^[167][168]

In 2015, a made-up word inspired by Chan’s description of his hair during an interview for a commercial, duang, became an internet viral meme particularly in China. The Chinese character for the word is a composite of two characters of Chan’s name.^[169]

Public image

Jackie Chan has a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi Motors that has resulted in the appearance of Mitsubishi cars in a number of his films. Furthermore, Mitsubishi launched a limited series of Evolution cars personally customised by Chan.^{[170][171][172]}

Chan was also the primary catalyst for the creation of review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, whose founder Senh Duong was his fan and created the website after collecting all the reviews of Chan’s Hong Kong action movies as they were being released in the United States. In anticipation for Rush Hour, Chan’s first major Hollywood crossover, he coded the website in two weeks and the site went live shortly before the release of Rush Hour.^[173][174]

Chan says he has always wanted to be a role model to children, and has remained popular with them due to his good-natured acting style. He has generally refused to play villains and has been very restrained in using swear words in his films – he persuaded the director of Rush Hour to take «fuck» out of the script.^[175] Chan’s greatest regret in life is not having received a proper education,^[176] inspiring him to fund educational institutions around the world. He funded the construction of the Jackie Chan Science Centre at the Australian National University^[177] and the establishment of schools in poor regions of China.^[178]

Chan is a spokesperson for the Government of Hong Kong, appearing in public service announcements. In a Clean Hong Kong commercial, he urged the people of Hong Kong to be more considerate with regards to littering, a problem that has been widespread for decades.^[179] Furthermore, in an advertisement promoting nationalism, he gave a short explanation of the March of the Volunteers, the national anthem of the People’s Republic of China.^[180] When Hong Kong Disneyland opened in 2005, Chan participated in the opening ceremony.^[181] In the United States, Chan appeared alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger in a government advert to combat copyright infringement and made another public service announcement with Los Angeles County Sheriff Lee Baca to encourage people, especially Asian people, to join the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department.^[182]

Cultural honors and depictions

Construction has begun on a Jackie Chan museum in Shanghai. In November 2013, a statue of Chan was unveiled in front of what is now known as the JC Film Gallery, which opened in the spring of 2014.^[183]

On 1 February 2015, Chan was awarded the honour of Knight Commander of the Order of the Territorial Crown by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia Tuanku Abdul Halim in conjunction with the country’s Federal Territory Day. It carries the title of Datuk in Malaysia.^[184][185]

Political views and controversy

After the 1997 handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, Chan’s politics gradually shifted from a pro-democratic to a pro-Beijing stance. In 1989, Chan performed at the Concert for Democracy in China in support of democratic movement during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests; by 2021, in contrast, he expressed his desire to join the Chinese Communist Party.^[186][20]

During a news conference in Shanghai on 28 March 2004, Chan referred to the recently concluded Republic of China 2004 presidential election in Taiwan, in which Democratic Progressive Party candidates Chen Shui-bian and Annette Lu were re-elected as president and vice-president, as «the biggest joke in the world».^[187] A Taiwanese legislator and senior member of the DPP, Parris Chang [zh], called for the government of Taiwan to ban Around the World in 80 Days.^[188] Police and security personnel separated Chan from scores of protesters shouting «Jackie Chan, get out» when he arrived at Taipei airport in June 2008.^[189]

Referring to his participation in the torch relay for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Chan spoke out against demonstrators who disrupted the relay several times attempting to draw attention to a wide-ranging number of grievances against the Chinese government. He warned that «publicity seekers» planning to stop him from carrying the Olympic Torch «not get anywhere near» him. Chan also argued that the Olympics coverage that year would «provide another way for us to tell the world about Chinese culture.»^[190]

In 2009, Chan was named an «anti-drug ambassador» by the Chinese government, actively taking part in anti-drug campaigns and supporting President Hu Jintao’s declaration that illegal drugs should be eradicated, and their users punished severely. In 2014, when his own son Jaycee was arrested for cannabis use, he said that he was «angry», «shocked», «heartbroken» and «ashamed» of his son. He also remarked, «I hope all young people will learn a lesson from Jaycee and stay far from the harm of drugs. I say to Jaycee that you have to accept the consequences when you do something wrong.»^[191]

On 18 April 2009, during a panel discussion at the annual Boao Forum for Asia, he questioned whether or not broad freedom is a good thing.^[192] Noting the strong tensions in Hong Kong and Taiwan, he said, «I’m gradually beginning to feel that we Chinese need to be controlled. If we’re not being controlled, we’ll just do what we want.»^[193][194] Chan’s comments prompted angry responses from several prominent figures in Taiwan and Hong Kong.^[195][196] A spokesman later said Chan was referring to freedom in the entertainment industry, rather than in Chinese society at large.^[197]

In December 2012, Chan caused outrage when he criticised Hong Kong as a «city of protest», suggesting that demonstrators’ rights in Hong Kong should be limited.^[198] The same month, in an interview with Phoenix TV, Chan stated that the United States was the «most corrupt» country in the world,^[199] which in turn angered parts of the online community.^[199][200] Other articles situated Chan’s comments in the context of his career and life in the United States, including his «embrace of the American film market»^[200] and his seeking asylum in the United States from Hong Kong triads.^[201]

In April 2016, Chan was named in the Panama Papers.^[202] While Chan was not accused of engaging in illegal activity per se, he was listed as having up to six different offshore accounts, likely for the purposes of serving as tax shelters.^[203]

In 2019, Chan criticised Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests,^[204] saying that the «‘Five-starred Red Flag’ is respected everywhere around the world.»^[205] He also supports the National People’s Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation.^[206]

Entrepreneurship and philanthropy

In addition to his film production and distribution company, JCE Movies Limited, Jackie Chan owns or co-owns the production companies JC Group China, Jackie & Willie Productions^[207] (with Willie Chan) and Jackie & JJ Productions.^[208] Chan has also put his name to Jackie Chan Theater International, a cinema chain in China, co-run by Hong Kong company Sparkle Roll Group Ltd. The first—Jackie Chan-Yaolai International Cinema—opened in February 2010, and is claimed to be the largest cinema complex in China, with 17 screens and 3,500 seats. Chan expressed his hopes that the size of the venue would afford young, non-commercial directors the opportunity to have their films screened. Fifteen further cinemas in the chain were planned for 2010,^{[needs update]} throughout Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with a potential total of 65 cinemas throughout the country proposed.^[209]

In 2004, Chan launched his own line of clothing, which bears a Chinese dragon logo and the English word «Jackie», or the initials «JC».^[210] Chan also has a number of other branded businesses. His sushi restaurant chain, Jackie’s Kitchen, has outlets throughout Hong Kong, as well as seven in South Korea, with plans to open another in Las Vegas. Jackie Chan’s Cafe has outlets in Beijing, Singapore, and the Philippines. Other ventures include Jackie Chan Signature Club gyms (a partnership with California Fitness), and a line of chocolates, cookies and nutritional oatcakes.^[211] With each of his businesses, a percentage of the profits goes to various charities, including the Jackie Chan Charitable Foundation.

In 2016, Chan partnered with Asian Le Mans Series champion David Cheng to form a racing team in the series and the FIA World Endurance Championship. The two met in March 2015 and Chan told Cheng about his interest in motorsports and raised the possibility of starting a team.^[212] Together, the two formed Baxi DC Racing Alpine, the first mainland China-based operation in WEC. In October, leading into the 2016–17 Asian Le Mans Series season, the team was rebranded to Jackie Chan DC Racing and raced with liveries promoting Chan’s movie Kung Fu Yoga.^[213] At the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans, the team became the first Chinese team to win its class (LMP2).^[214]

Chan is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, and has championed charitable works and causes. He has campaigned for conservation and against animal abuse, and has promoted disaster relief efforts for floods in mainland China and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.^[26][215]

In June 2006, citing his admiration of the efforts made by Warren Buffett and Bill Gates to help those in need, Chan pledged the donation of half his assets to charity upon his death.^[216] On 10 March 2008, Chan was the guest of honour for the launch, by Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, of the Jackie Chan Science Centre at the John Curtin School of Medical Research of the Australian National University. Chan is also a supporter and ambassador of Save China’s Tigers, which aims to save the endangered South China tiger through breeding and releasing them into the wild.^[217]
Following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Chan donated RMB ¥10 million to help those in need. In addition, he planned to make a film about the Chinese earthquake to raise money for survivors.^[218] In response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Chan and fellow Hong Kong-based celebrities, including American rapper MC Jin, headlined a special three-hour charity concert, titled Artistes 311 Love Beyond Borders, on 1 April 2011 to help with Japan’s disaster recovery effort.^[219][220] The 3-hour concert raised over $3.3 million.^[221] In January 2017, Chan donated $65,000 to help flood victims in Thailand.^[222]

Chan founded the Jackie Chan Charitable Foundation in 1988 to offer scholarship and active help to Hong Kong’s young people and provide aid to victims of natural disaster or illness.^[14] In 2005, Chan created the Dragon’s Heart Foundation to help children and the elderly in remote areas of China by building schools, providing books, fees, and uniforms for children; the organisation expanded its reach to Europe in 2011.^[223][224] The foundation also provides for the elderly with donations of warm clothing, wheelchairs, and other items.

Endorsements

One product which Chan had endorsed in China was the «Little Tyrant» («小霸王») produced by Subor, a Nintendo Entertainment System hardware clone marketed as a «learning machine» to circumvent China’s then-ban on video game consoles.^[225] In 2010, Chan served as brand ambassador for Kaspersky Lab’s antivirus software in Asia.^[226]

There is an urban legend called the Jackie Chan curse,^{[227][228][229]} ABC News reported in 2010 that the legend originated because «A slew of products sold in China bearing his name, smile and seal of approval have proven defective, prone to explosion, and in one case, potentially damaging to consumers’ health.» This led to a belief that any product or company which was endorsed by Jackie Chan would suffer setbacks.^[230] In 2016 the failure of fitness chain California Fitness was blamed on the curse.^[231] The curse was again invoked in 2021 when Evergrande Group suffered major losses following Chan’s promotion of Evergrande Spring brand bottled water.^[232] However, Jackie Chan has also endorsed a number of products and companies which have not had issues.^[233]

Filmography

Discography

Awards and nominations

Honours

Entering in the Walk of Fame

Walk of Fame

• 2002 motion pictures star at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard on the Walk of Fame.^[235]

Awards named after Jackie Chan

• The Jackie Chan Action Movie Awards, held at the Shanghai International Film Festival since 2015, is named after Jackie Chan.

See also

• Hong Kong action cinema

References

Further reading

External links

Yang Berbahagia Datuk[1] Jackie Chan SBS MBE PMW
Chan at the launch of Bleeding Steel in July 2016
Member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference
Incumbent
Assumed office March 2013
Personal details
Born	7 April 1954 (age 68) British Hong Kong
Spouse	Joan Lin ​ (m. 1982)​
Children	2, including Jaycee Chan
Occupation	Martial artist actor filmmaker action choreographer singer stunt director stunt performer
Awards	Full list
Website	jackiechan.com
Musical career
Genres	Cantopop, Mandopop, Hong Kong English pop, J-pop
Years active	1962–present
Birth name
Traditional Chinese	陳港生
Literal meaning	Chan the [Hong] Kong-born
Transcriptions Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Can4 Gong2sang1 IPA [tsʰɐ̏n kɔ̌ːŋ.sɐ́ŋ]
Stage name
Traditional Chinese	成龍
Simplified Chinese	成龙
Literal meaning	Becoming the Dragon
Transcriptions Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Sing4 Lung4 IPA [sȅŋ lȍŋ]
Real name
Traditional Chinese	房仕龍
Simplified Chinese	房仕龙
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Fáng Shìlóng IPA [fǎŋ ʂɻ̩̂.lʊ̌ŋ] Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Fong4 Si6lung4

Fang Shilong^[2][3] SBS MBE PMW^[4] (born 7 April 1954),^[5] known professionally in English as Jackie Chan and in Chinese as Cheng Long (Chinese: 成龍; Jyutping: Sing4 Lung4; lit. «becoming the dragon»^[6][7]), is a Hong Kong^[8][9] actor, filmmaker, martial artist, and stuntman known for his slapstick acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, and innovative stunts, which he typically performs himself. Chan has been acting since the 1960s, performing in more than 150 films. He is one of the most popular action film stars of all time.^[10]

Chan is one of the most recognisable and influential film personalities in the world, with a widespread global following in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. He has received fame stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars and the Hollywood Walk of Fame.^[11][12] Chan has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, films, and video games. He is an operatically trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of music albums and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred. He is also a globally known philanthropist and has been named one of the top 10 most charitable celebrities by Forbes magazine.^[13][14] In 2004, film scholar Andrew Willis stated that Chan was perhaps the «most recognised film star in the world.»^[15] In 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth to be $350 million, and as of 2016, he was the second-highest-paid actor in the world.^[16][17]

Chan’s views on Hong Kong politics have gradually shifted from a pro-democratic stance in the 1990s to a pro-Beijing stance since the 2010s. Since 2013,^[18] Chan has been a pro-Communist politician, serving as an invited delegate in the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.^[19][20][21] In 2021, he expressed his desire to join the Chinese Communist Party.^[22][23]

Early life

Chan was born on 7 April 1954 in British Hong Kong as Chan Kong-sang (Chinese: 陳港生; lit. ‘Chan the Hong Kong-born’^[5][7]) to Charles and Lee-Lee Chan, refugees from the Chinese Civil War. His parents were so poor they had to borrow money from friends to pay the doctor.^[5] His parents nicknamed him Pao-pao (Chinese: 炮炮; lit. ‘Cannonball’) because the energetic child was always rolling around.^[24] His parents worked for the French ambassador in Hong Kong, and Chan spent his formative years within the grounds of the consul’s residence in the Victoria Peak district.^[25]

Chan attended the Nah-Hwa Primary School on Hong Kong Island, where he failed his first year, after which his parents withdrew him from the school. In 1960, his father emigrated to Canberra, Australia to work as the head cook for the American embassy, and Chan was sent to the China Drama Academy, a Peking Opera School run by Master Yu Jim-yuen.^[25][26] Chan trained rigorously for the next decade, excelling in martial arts and acrobatics.^[27] He eventually became part of the Seven Little Fortunes, a performance group made up of the school’s best students, gaining the stage name Yuen Lo (元樓) in homage to his master. Chan became close friends with fellow group members Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao, and the three of them later became known as the Three Brothers or Three Dragons.^[28] After entering the film industry, Chan along with Sammo Hung got the opportunity to train in hapkido under the grand master Jin Pal Kim, and Chan eventually attained a black belt.^[29]

Chan joined his parents in Canberra, Australia in 1971, where he briefly attended Dickson College and worked as a construction worker.^[30] A fellow builder named Jack took Chan under his wing, thus earning Chan the nickname of «Little Jack,» later shortened to «Jackie», which has stuck with him ever since.^[31]

In the late 1990s, Chan changed his Chinese name to Fang Shilong (房仕龍；Cantonese: Fong Si-lung), since his father’s original surname was Fang.^[31] They are the descendants of Fang Xuanling, a chancellor of the Tang dynasty.^[32]

Film career

1962–1975: Early small appearances

He began his film career by appearing in small roles at the age of five as a child actor. At age eight, he appeared with some of his fellow «Little Fortunes» in the film Big and Little Wong Tin Bar (1962) with Li Li-Hua playing his mother. The following year, the young actor appeared in extras of The Love Eterne (1963) and had a small role in King Hu’s 1966 film Come Drink with Me.^[33] In 1971, after an appearance as an extra in another kung fu film, A Touch of Zen, Chan was signed to Chu Mu’s Great Earth Film Company.^[34]

Chan appeared in the Bruce Lee film Fist of Fury (1972), both as an extra and as a stunt double for the Japanese villain Hiroshi Suzuki (portrayed by Riki Hashimoto), particularly during the final fight scene where Lee kicks him and he flies through the air.^[35][36] Chan again appeared in another Bruce Lee film, Enter the Dragon (1973), as a minor henchman who gets killed by Lee’s character. Sammo Hung helped Chan get minor roles in both of the Bruce Lee films.^[37] Chan also worked as a martial arts choreographer for John Woo’s The Young Dragons (1974).^[36]

1976–1980: Start-up leading roles

In 1976, Jackie Chan received a telegram from Willie Chan, a film producer in the Hong Kong film industry who had been impressed with Jackie’s stunt choreography work. Willie Chan offered him an acting role in a film directed by Lo Wei. Lo saw Chan’s performance in the John Woo film Hand of Death (1976) and planned to model him after Bruce Lee with the film New Fist of Fury.^[34] His stage name was changed to 成龍 (literally «becoming the dragon»,^[6][7] Sing4 Lung4 in Jyutping^[7] or rarely as Cheng Long in pinyin),^[38] to emphasise his similarity to Bruce Lee, whose stage name meant «Lee the Little Dragon» in Chinese. (Note that «dragon» in Lee’s name referred to Lee’s birth year being the Dragon zodiac, not the Chinese dragon.) The film was unsuccessful because Chan was not accustomed to Lee’s martial arts style. Despite the film’s failure, Lo Wei continued producing films with similar themes, but with little improvement at the box office.^[39]

Chan’s first major breakthrough was the 1978 film Snake in the Eagle’s Shadow, shot while he was loaned to Seasonal Film Corporation under a two-picture deal.^[40] Director Yuen Woo-ping allowed Chan complete freedom over his stunt work. The film established the comedic kung fu genre, and proved refreshing to the Hong Kong audience.^[41] The same year, Chan then starred in Drunken Master, which finally propelled him to mainstream success.^[42]

Upon Chan’s return to Lo Wei’s studio, Lo tried to replicate the comedic approach of Drunken Master, producing and also showed new features at the time with Jackie as the Stunt Director Half a Loaf of Kung Fu and Spiritual Kung Fu.^[31] He also gave Chan the opportunity to make his directorial debut in The Fearless Hyena. When Willie Chan left the company, he advised Jackie to decide for himself whether or not to stay with Lo Wei. During the shooting of Fearless Hyena Part II, Chan broke his contract and joined Golden Harvest, prompting Lo to blackmail Chan with triads, blaming Willie for his star’s departure. The dispute was resolved with the help of fellow actor and director Jimmy Wang Yu, allowing Chan to stay with Golden Harvest.^[40]

1980–1987: Commercial success in the action comedy genre

Willie Chan became Jackie’s personal manager and firm friend, and remained so for over 30 years. He was instrumental in launching Chan’s international career, beginning with his first forays into the American film industry in the 1980s. His first Hollywood film was The Big Brawl in 1980.^[43][44] Chan then played a minor role in the 1981 film The Cannonball Run, which grossed over US$100 million worldwide.^[45] Despite being largely ignored by North American audiences in favour of established American actors such as Burt Reynolds, Chan was impressed by the outtakes shown at the closing credits, inspiring him to include the same device in his future films.

After the commercial failure of The Protector in 1985, Chan temporarily abandoned his attempts to break into the US market, returning his focus to Hong Kong films.^[39]

Back in Hong Kong, Chan’s films began to reach a larger audience in East Asia, with early successes in the lucrative Japanese market including Drunken Master, The Young Master (1980) and Dragon Lord (1982).^[46] The Young Master went on to beat previous box office records set by Bruce Lee and established Chan as Hong Kong cinema’s top star. With Dragon Lord, he began experimenting with elaborate stunt action sequences,^[47] including the final fight scene where he performs various stunts, including one where he does a back flip off a loft and falls to the lower ground.^[48]

Chan produced a number of action comedy films with his opera school friends Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao. The three co-starred together for the first time in 1983 in Project A, which introduced a dangerous stunt-driven style of martial arts that won it the Best Action Design Award at the third annual Hong Kong Film Awards.^[49] Over the following two years, the «Three Brothers» appeared in Wheels on Meals and the original Lucky Stars trilogy.^[50][51] In 1985, Chan made the first Police Story film, a crime action film in which Chan performed a number of dangerous stunts. It won Best Film at the 1986 Hong Kong Film Awards.^[52] In 1986, Chan played «Asian Hawk,» an Indiana Jones-esque character, in the film Armour of God. The film was Chan’s biggest domestic box office success up to that point, grossing over HK$35 million.^[53]

1988–1998: Acclaimed film sequels and Hollywood breakthrough

In 1988, Chan starred alongside Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao for the last time to date in the film Dragons Forever. Hung co-directed with Corey Yuen, and the villain in the film was played by Yuen Wah, both of whom were fellow graduates of the China Drama Academy.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Chan starred in a number of successful sequels beginning with Project A Part II and Police Story 2, which won the award for Best Action Choreography at the 1989 Hong Kong Film Awards. This was followed by Armour of God II: Operation Condor, and Police Story 3: Super Cop, for which Chan won the Best Actor Award at the 1993 Golden Horse Film Festival. In 1994, Chan reprised his role as Wong Fei-hung in Drunken Master II, which was listed in Time Magazine’s All-Time 100 Movies.^[54] Another sequel, Police Story 4: First Strike, brought more awards and domestic box office success for Chan, but did not fare as well in foreign markets.^[55]

By the mid-1990s, he was the most popular action movie star in Asia and Europe.^[56] Up until January 1995, his films had grossed over HK$500 million (US$70 million) in Hong Kong^[57] and ¥39 billion (US$415 million) in Japan,^[46] while having sold over 33 million box office admissions in France, Germany, Italy and Spain up until then.^[58] Despite his international success, he was not very successful in North America, where he had only two wide releases as a leading actor, The Big Brawl and The Protector, grossing US$9.51 million (US$32 million adjusted for inflation).^[59] Despite this, there was a thriving North American home video market for Chan’s Hong Kong films by the mid-1990s.^[60]

Chan rekindled his Hollywood ambitions in the 1990s, but refused early offers to play villains in Hollywood films to avoid being typecast in future roles. For example, Sylvester Stallone offered him the role of Simon Phoenix, a criminal in the futuristic film Demolition Man. Chan declined and the role was taken by Wesley Snipes.^[61]

Chan finally succeeded in establishing a foothold in the North American market in 1995 with a worldwide release of Rumble in the Bronx, attaining a cult following in the United States that was rare for Hong Kong movie stars.^[62] The success of Rumble in the Bronx led to a 1996 release of Police Story 3: Super Cop in the United States under the title Supercop, which grossed a total of US$16,270,600. Chan’s first huge blockbuster success came when he co-starred with Chris Tucker in the 1998 buddy cop action comedy Rush Hour,^[63] grossing US$130 million in the United States alone.^[40] This film made him a Hollywood star, after which he wrote his autobiography in collaboration with Jeff Yang entitled I Am Jackie Chan.

1999–2007: Fame in Hollywood and dramatisation

In 1998, Chan released his final film for Golden Harvest, Who Am I?. After leaving Golden Harvest in 1999, he produced and starred alongside Shu Qi in Gorgeous, a romantic comedy that focused on personal relationships and featured only a few martial arts sequences.^[65] Although Chan had left Golden Harvest in 1999, the company continued to produce and distribute for two of his films, Gorgeous (1999) and The Accidental Spy (2001). Chan then helped create a PlayStation game in 2000 called Jackie Chan Stuntmaster, to which he lent his voice and performed the motion capture.^[66] He continued his Hollywood success in 2000 when he teamed up with Owen Wilson in the Western action comedy Shanghai Noon. A sequel, Shanghai Knights followed in 2003 and also featured his first on-screen fight scene with Donnie Yen.^[67] He reunited with Chris Tucker for Rush Hour 2 (2001), which was an even bigger success than the original, grossing $347 million worldwide.^[68] Chan experimented with the use of special effects and wirework for the fight scenes in his next two Hollywood films, The Tuxedo (2002) and The Medallion (2003), which were not as successful critically or commercially.^[69] In 2004, he teamed up with Steve Coogan in Around the World in 80 Days, loosely based on Jules Verne’s novel of the same name. In 2004, film scholar Andrew Willis stated that Chan was «perhaps» the «most recognised star in the world».^[15]

Despite the success of the Rush Hour and Shanghai Noon films, Chan became frustrated with Hollywood over the limited range of roles and lack of control over the filmmaking process.^[70] In response to Golden Harvest’s withdrawal from the film industry in 2003, Chan started his own film production company, JCE Movies Limited (Jackie Chan Emperor Movies Limited) in association with Emperor Multimedia Group (EMG).^[40] His films have since featured an increasing number of dramatic scenes while continuing to succeed at the box office; examples include New Police Story (2004), The Myth (2005) and the hit film Rob-B-Hood (2006).^[71][72][73]

Chan’s next release was the third instalment in the Rush Hour film series: Rush Hour 3 in August 2007. It grossed US$255 million.^[74] However, it was a disappointment in Hong Kong, grossing only HK$3.5 million during its opening weekend.^[75]

2008–present: New experiments and change in acting style

Filming of The Forbidden Kingdom, Chan’s first on-screen collaboration with fellow Chinese actor Jet Li, was completed on 24 August 2007 and the movie was released in April 2008. The movie featured heavy use of effects and wires.^[76][77] Chan voiced Master Monkey in Kung Fu Panda (released in June 2008), appearing with Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, and Angelina Jolie.^[78] In addition, he has assisted Anthony Szeto in an advisory capacity for the writer-director’s film Wushu, released on 1 May 2008. The film stars Sammo Hung and Wang Wenjie as father and son.^[79]

In November 2007, Chan began filming Shinjuku Incident, a dramatic role featuring no martial arts sequences with director Derek Yee, which sees Chan take on the role of a Chinese immigrant in Japan.^[80] The film was released on 2 April 2009. According to his blog, Chan discussed his wishes to direct a film after completing Shinjuku Incident, something he has not done for a number of years.^[81] The film was expected to be the third in the Armour of God series, and had a working title of Armour of God III: Chinese Zodiac. The film was released on 12 December 2012.^[82] Because the Screen Actors Guild did not go on strike, Chan started shooting his next Hollywood movie The Spy Next Door at the end of October in New Mexico.^[83] In The Spy Next Door, Chan plays an undercover agent whose cover is blown when he looks after the children of his girlfriend. In Little Big Soldier, Chan stars alongside Leehom Wang as a soldier in the Warring States period in China. He is the lone survivor of his army and must bring a captured enemy soldier Leehom Wang to the capital of his province.

In 2010, he starred with Jaden Smith in The Karate Kid, a remake of the 1984 original.^[84] This was Chan’s first dramatic American film. He plays Mr. Han, a kung fu master and maintenance man who teaches Jaden Smith’s character kung fu so he can defend himself from school bullies. His role in The Karate Kid won him the Favorite Buttkicker award at the Nickelodeon Kids’ Choice Awards in 2011.^[85] In Chan’s next movie, Shaolin, he plays a supporting role as a cook of a temple instead of one of the major characters.

His 100th movie, 1911, was released on 26 September 2011. Chan was the co-director, executive producer, and lead star of the movie.^[86] While Chan has directed over ten films over his career, this was his first directorial work since Who Am I? in 1998. 1911 premiered in North America on 14 October.^[87]

While at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, Chan announced that he was retiring from action films citing that he was getting too old for the genre. He later clarified that he would not be completely retiring from action films, but would be performing fewer stunts and taking care of his body more.^[88]

In 2013, Chan starred in Police Story 2013, a reboot of the Police Story franchise directed by Ding Sheng, and it was released in China at the end of 2013. Chan’s next film Dragon Blade was released in early 2015 and co-starred Hollywood actors John Cusack and Adrien Brody. In 2015, Chan was awarded the title of «Datuk» by Malaysia as he helped Malaysia to boost its tourism, especially in Kuala Lumpur where he previously shot his films.^[89] In early 2017, Chan’s new film titled Kung Fu Yoga, a Chinese-Indian project, which also starred Disha Patani, Sonu Sood and Amyra Dastur, was released. The film reunited Chan with director Stanley Tong, who directed a number of Chan’s films in the 1990s. Upon release, the film was a huge success at the box office, and became the 5th highest-grossing film in China, one month after its release. In 2016, he teamed up with Johnny Knoxville and starred in his own production Skiptrace.

Chan starred in the 2016 action-comedy Railroad Tigers and the 2017 action-thriller The Foreigner, an Anglo-Chinese production. He also stars in the science fiction film Bleeding Steel. He will appear in Project X-Traction alongside John Cena.

His films had collectively grossed HK$1.14 billion (US$147 million) at the Hong Kong box office up until 2010,^[90] over US$72 million in South Korea between 1991 and 2010,^[91] and ¥48.4 billion (US$607 million) in Japan up until 2012.^[46] In Europe, his films collectively sold about 84 million tickets between 1973 and 2010.^[58] As of 2021, his films have grossed over ¥14 billion RMB (US$2.17 billion) in China,^[92] and US$1.84 billion^[93] (more than US$2.44 billion adjusted for inflation) in the United States and Canada.^[59] As of 2018, 48 of his films have grossed more than US$5 billion at the worldwide box office.^[93]

Other works

Music

Chan had vocal lessons whilst at the Peking Opera School in his childhood. He began producing records professionally in the 1980s and has gone on to become a successful singer in Hong Kong and Asia. He has released 20 albums since 1984 and has performed vocals in Cantonese, Mandarin, Japanese, Taiwanese and English. He often sings the theme songs of his films, which play over the closing credits. Chan’s first musical recording was «Kung Fu Fighting Man», the theme song played over the closing credits of The Young Master (1980).^[94] At least 10 of these recordings have been released on soundtrack albums for the films.^[95][96] His Cantonese song «Story of a Hero» (英雄故事) (theme song of Police Story) was selected by the Royal Hong Kong Police and incorporated into their recruitment advertisement in 1994.^[97]

Chan voiced the character of Shang in the Chinese release of the Walt Disney animated feature Mulan (1998). He also performed the song «I’ll Make a Man Out of You», for the film’s soundtrack. For the US release, the speaking voice was performed by B.D. Wong and the singing voice was done by Donny Osmond. He also collaborated with Ani DiFranco on «Unforgettable».^[98]

In 2007, Chan recorded and released «We Are Ready», the official one-year countdown song to the 2008 Summer Olympics which he performed at a ceremony marking the one-year countdown to the 2008 Summer Paralympics.^[99] Chan also released one of the two official Olympics albums, Official Album for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games – Jackie Chan’s Version, which featured a number of special guest appearances.^[100] Chan performed «Hard to Say Goodbye» along with Andy Lau, Liu Huan and Wakin (Emil) Chau, at the 2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony.^[101]

Academia

Chan received his honorary Doctorate of Social Science degree in 1996 from the Hong Kong Baptist University.^[102] In 2009, he received another honorary doctorate from the University of Cambodia,^[103][104] and has also been awarded an honorary professorship by the Savannah College of Art and Design in Hong Kong in 2008.^[105]

Chan is currently a faculty member of the School of Hotel and Tourism Management at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,^[106] where he teaches the subject of tourism management. As of 2015, he also serves as the Dean of the Jackie Chan Film and Television Academy under the Wuhan Institute of Design and Sciences.^[107]

Personal life

In 1982, Chan married Joan Lin, a Taiwanese actress. Their son, singer and actor Jaycee Chan, was born that same year.^[70] Chan’s extra-marital affair with Elaine Ng Yi-Lei and has a daughter Etta Ng Chok Lam, born on 18 January 1999. It turned into a scandal within the media. Although he reportedly gave Elaine 70,000 HK dollars each month for her living expenses and 600,000 HK dollars when she moved to Shanghai, the transactions were later claimed to be nonexistent by her lawyer.^{[108][109][110][111]} Despite regretting the results of the affair, Chan said he had «only committed a fault that many men in the world commit».^{[112][113][114]} During the incident, Elaine stated she would take care of her daughter without Chan.^[115]

Chan speaks Cantonese, Mandarin, English, and American Sign Language and also speaks some German, Korean, Japanese, Spanish, and Thai.^[116] Chan is an avid football fan and supports the Hong Kong national football team, the England national football team, and Manchester City.^[117]

He is a fan of the Italian duo Bud Spencer and Terence Hill, from whom he was inspired for his movies.^[118]

Stunts and screen persona

Chan has performed most of his own stunts throughout his film career, which are choreographed by the Jackie Chan Stunt Team. The team was established in 1983, and Chan has used them in all his subsequent films to make choreographing easier, given his understanding of each member’s abilities.^[119] Chan and his team undertake many of the stunts performed by other characters in his films, shooting the scenes so that their faces are obscured.^[120]

In the early 1980s, Jackie Chan began experimenting with elaborate stunt action sequences in films such as The Young Master (1980)^[121] and especially Dragon Lord (1982),^[122] which featured a pyramid fight scene that holds the record for the most takes required for a single scene, with 2900 takes,^[123] and the final fight scene where he performs various stunts, including one where he does a backflip off a loft and falls to the lower ground.^[124] In 1983, Project A saw the official formation of the Jackie Chan Stunt Team and added elaborate, dangerous stunts to the fights and typical slapstick humor; at one point, Chan falls from the top of a clock tower through a series of fabric canopies. Critics have compared his comedic stunts in Project A to Buster Keaton, who was also known to perform his own stunts, although Chan himself had not watched Keaton’s films until years after Project A released; according to Chan, Project A was an evolution of the action stunt work he had been doing in earlier kung fu comedy films since The Young Master.^[121]

Police Story (1985) contained many large-scale action scenes, including an opening sequence featuring a car chase through a shanty town, Chan stopping a double-decker bus with his service revolver and a climactic fight scene in a shopping mall. This final scene earned the film the nickname «Glass Story» by the crew, due to the huge number of panes of sugar glass that were broken. During a stunt in this last scene, in which Chan slides down a pole from several stories up, the lights covering the pole had heated it considerably, resulting in Chan suffering second-degree burns, particularly to his hands, as well as a back injury and dislocation of his pelvis upon landing.^[125] Chan performed similarly elaborate stunts in numerous other films, such as several Police Story sequels, Project A Part II, the Armor of God series, Dragons Forever, Drunken Master II, Rumble in the Bronx, and the Rush Hour series, among others.

The dangerous nature of his stunts makes it difficult to get insurance, especially in the United States where his stunt work is contractually limited.^[120] Chan holds the Guinness World Record for «Most Stunts by a Living Actor», which emphasises that «no insurance company will underwrite Chan’s productions in which he performs all his own stunts».^[126]

Chan has been injured frequently when attempting stunts; many of them have been shown as outtakes or as bloopers during the closing credits of his films. He came closest to death filming Armour of God when he fell from a tree and fractured his skull. Over the years, he has dislocated his pelvis and also broken numerous parts of his body, including his fingers, toes, nose, both cheekbones, hips, sternum, neck, ankle, and ribs.^[127][128] Promotional materials for Rumble in the Bronx emphasised that he performed all of the stunts, and one version of the movie poster even diagrammed his many injuries.

Chan created his screen persona as a response to the late Bruce Lee and the numerous imitators who appeared before and after Lee’s death. Lee’s characters were typically stern, morally upright heroes. In contrast, Chan plays well-meaning, slightly foolish regular men, often at the mercy of their friends, girlfriends, or families, who always triumph in the end despite the odds.^[31] Additionally, he has stated that he deliberately styles his movement to be the opposite of Lee’s: where Lee held his arms wide, Chan holds his tight to the body; where Lee was loose and flowing, Chan is tight and choppy. Despite the success of the Rush Hour series, Chan has stated that he is not a fan of it since he neither appreciates the action scenes in the movie nor understands American humor.^[129]

American filmmaker Quentin Tarantino classified Chan’s style of acting and filmmaking as physical comedy, and considered him one of the greatest in the genre.^[56] British filmmaker Edgar Wright describes Jackie Chan as an «expressive» visual performer with an everyman persona. He notes that, in contrast to other action heroes (such as Bruce Lee, Sylvester Stallone, Clint Eastwood or Arnold Schwarzenegger), Chan presents himself as a loveable «goofball» underdog who overcomes the odds with almost «superhuman» acrobatic stunts and fighting abilities.^[130]

In the 2000s, the ageing Chan grew tired of being typecast as an action hero, prompting him to act with more emotion in his latest films.^[131] In New Police Story, he portrayed a character suffering from alcoholism and mourning his murdered colleagues.^[95] To further shed the image of a «nice guy», Chan played an antihero for the first time in Rob-B-Hood starring as Thongs, a burglar with gambling problems.^[132] In 2008, Chan met actor Vijay and discussed about his stunts in his films putting his life at risk.^[133] Chan plays a low-level gangster in 2009’s Shinjuku Incident, a serious drama set in Tokyo about unsavory characters.^[134]

Legacy

Chan has received global recognition for his film acting and stunt work. His accolades include the Innovator Award from the American Choreography Awards and a lifetime achievement award from the Taurus World Stunt Awards.^[135] He has stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars.^[136] In addition, Chan has also been honoured by placing his hand and footprints at Grauman’s Chinese Theatre.^[137] Despite considerable box office success in Asia, Chan’s Hollywood films have been criticised with regard to their action choreography. Reviewers of Rush Hour 2, The Tuxedo, and Shanghai Knights noted the toning down of Chan’s fighting scenes, citing less intensity compared to his earlier films.^{[138][139][140]} The comedic value of his films is questioned; some critics stating that they can be childish at times.^[141] Chan was awarded the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1989 and the Silver Bauhinia Star (SBS) in 1999.^[142][143]

When American filmmaker Quentin Tarantino presented Chan with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 1995 MTV Movie Awards, Tarantino described Chan as «one of the best filmmakers the world has ever known» and «one of the greatest physical comedians since sound came into film.»^[56]

Cultural impact

Film industry

Numerous films from around the world have taken inspiration from Jackie Chan’s fight sequences and action choreography. Examples include The Matrix and Kill Bill (both choreographed by his former colleague Yuen Woo-ping), the Kung Fu Panda series (where he also voiced Monkey), The Raid: Redemption (2011) from Indonesian cinema, Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014), the John Wick series, Atomic Blonde (2017), Marvel Cinematic Universe films such as Black Panther (2018) and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), the DC Extended Universe film Birds of Prey (2020), and the Netflix film Extraction (2020).^[144] British filmmaker Edgar Wright cited Chan as an influence and said that, «No matter how many people try and rip off Jackie Chan movies, there’s something which they can’t rip off which is Jackie Chan himself.»^[130] Tom Holland also cited Chan as an influence on several action scenes in Uncharted (2022), noting Chan’s use of his surroundings to fight people in unique ways.^[145][146]

In popular culture and media

Chan has been the subject of Ash’s song «Kung Fu», Heavy Vegetable’s «Jackie Chan Is a Punk Rocker», Leehom Wang’s «Long Live Chinese People», as well as in «Jackie Chan» by Frank Chickens, and television shows Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, Celebrity Deathmatch and Family Guy.

He has been cited as the inspiration for manga and anime such as Dragon Ball, which was particularly inspired by Drunken Master,^{[147][148][149]} and the fight scenes in Jackie Chan movies;^[150][151] the show pays homage with a character by the alias «Jackie Chun».^[152] Toriyama said he had a young Jackie Chan in mind for a live-action Goku, stating that «nobody could play Goku but him.»^[153] Chan himself was a fan of the series, and had expressed some interest in adapting Dragon Ball into a live-action film, but said it would require «a lot of amazing special effects and an enormous budget.»^[154]

The parkour movement was also inspired by Chan.^[155][156]

A number of video games have been based on, or featured, Jackie Chan. His film Wheels on Meals (called Spartan X in Japan) spawned the hit 1984 beat ’em up arcade game Spartan X (released as Kung-Fu Master in Western markets), and its sequel Spartan X 2 for the Nintendo Famicom console. Spartan X laid the foundations for the beat ’em up genre,^[157][158] and inspired other games including Super Mario Bros. (1985)^[159][160] and Street Fighter (1987).^[161][162] Jackie Chan’s Action Kung Fu was released in 1990 for the PC-Engine and Nintendo Entertainment System. In 1995, Chan was featured in the arcade game Jackie Chan The Kung-Fu Master. A series of Japanese video games were released on the MSX computer by Pony, based on several of Chan’s films (Project A, Project A 2, Police Story, The Protector and Wheels on Meals). Other games based on Jackie Chan include Jackie Chan Stuntmaster, Jackie Chan Adventures and Jackie Chan J-Mat Fitness.^[163] Chan also inspired video game characters such as Lei Wulong in Tekken and the fighting-type Pokémon Hitmonchan.^{[164][165][166]}

On 25 June 2013, Chan responded to a hoax Facebook page created a few days earlier that alleged he had died. He said that several people contacted him to congratulate him on his recent engagement, and soon thereafter contacted him again to ask if he was still alive. He posted a Facebook message, commenting: «If I died, I would probably tell the world!»^[167][168]

In 2015, a made-up word inspired by Chan’s description of his hair during an interview for a commercial, duang, became an internet viral meme particularly in China. The Chinese character for the word is a composite of two characters of Chan’s name.^[169]

Public image

Jackie Chan has a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi Motors that has resulted in the appearance of Mitsubishi cars in a number of his films. Furthermore, Mitsubishi launched a limited series of Evolution cars personally customised by Chan.^{[170][171][172]}

Chan was also the primary catalyst for the creation of review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, whose founder Senh Duong was his fan and created the website after collecting all the reviews of Chan’s Hong Kong action movies as they were being released in the United States. In anticipation for Rush Hour, Chan’s first major Hollywood crossover, he coded the website in two weeks and the site went live shortly before the release of Rush Hour.^[173][174]

Chan says he has always wanted to be a role model to children, and has remained popular with them due to his good-natured acting style. He has generally refused to play villains and has been very restrained in using swear words in his films – he persuaded the director of Rush Hour to take «fuck» out of the script.^[175] Chan’s greatest regret in life is not having received a proper education,^[176] inspiring him to fund educational institutions around the world. He funded the construction of the Jackie Chan Science Centre at the Australian National University^[177] and the establishment of schools in poor regions of China.^[178]

Chan is a spokesperson for the Government of Hong Kong, appearing in public service announcements. In a Clean Hong Kong commercial, he urged the people of Hong Kong to be more considerate with regards to littering, a problem that has been widespread for decades.^[179] Furthermore, in an advertisement promoting nationalism, he gave a short explanation of the March of the Volunteers, the national anthem of the People’s Republic of China.^[180] When Hong Kong Disneyland opened in 2005, Chan participated in the opening ceremony.^[181] In the United States, Chan appeared alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger in a government advert to combat copyright infringement and made another public service announcement with Los Angeles County Sheriff Lee Baca to encourage people, especially Asian people, to join the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department.^[182]

Cultural honors and depictions

Construction has begun on a Jackie Chan museum in Shanghai. In November 2013, a statue of Chan was unveiled in front of what is now known as the JC Film Gallery, which opened in the spring of 2014.^[183]

On 1 February 2015, Chan was awarded the honour of Knight Commander of the Order of the Territorial Crown by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia Tuanku Abdul Halim in conjunction with the country’s Federal Territory Day. It carries the title of Datuk in Malaysia.^[184][185]

Political views and controversy

After the 1997 handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, Chan’s politics gradually shifted from a pro-democratic to a pro-Beijing stance. In 1989, Chan performed at the Concert for Democracy in China in support of democratic movement during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests; by 2021, in contrast, he expressed his desire to join the Chinese Communist Party.^[186][20]

During a news conference in Shanghai on 28 March 2004, Chan referred to the recently concluded Republic of China 2004 presidential election in Taiwan, in which Democratic Progressive Party candidates Chen Shui-bian and Annette Lu were re-elected as president and vice-president, as «the biggest joke in the world».^[187] A Taiwanese legislator and senior member of the DPP, Parris Chang [zh], called for the government of Taiwan to ban Around the World in 80 Days.^[188] Police and security personnel separated Chan from scores of protesters shouting «Jackie Chan, get out» when he arrived at Taipei airport in June 2008.^[189]

Referring to his participation in the torch relay for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Chan spoke out against demonstrators who disrupted the relay several times attempting to draw attention to a wide-ranging number of grievances against the Chinese government. He warned that «publicity seekers» planning to stop him from carrying the Olympic Torch «not get anywhere near» him. Chan also argued that the Olympics coverage that year would «provide another way for us to tell the world about Chinese culture.»^[190]

In 2009, Chan was named an «anti-drug ambassador» by the Chinese government, actively taking part in anti-drug campaigns and supporting President Hu Jintao’s declaration that illegal drugs should be eradicated, and their users punished severely. In 2014, when his own son Jaycee was arrested for cannabis use, he said that he was «angry», «shocked», «heartbroken» and «ashamed» of his son. He also remarked, «I hope all young people will learn a lesson from Jaycee and stay far from the harm of drugs. I say to Jaycee that you have to accept the consequences when you do something wrong.»^[191]

On 18 April 2009, during a panel discussion at the annual Boao Forum for Asia, he questioned whether or not broad freedom is a good thing.^[192] Noting the strong tensions in Hong Kong and Taiwan, he said, «I’m gradually beginning to feel that we Chinese need to be controlled. If we’re not being controlled, we’ll just do what we want.»^[193][194] Chan’s comments prompted angry responses from several prominent figures in Taiwan and Hong Kong.^[195][196] A spokesman later said Chan was referring to freedom in the entertainment industry, rather than in Chinese society at large.^[197]

In December 2012, Chan caused outrage when he criticised Hong Kong as a «city of protest», suggesting that demonstrators’ rights in Hong Kong should be limited.^[198] The same month, in an interview with Phoenix TV, Chan stated that the United States was the «most corrupt» country in the world,^[199] which in turn angered parts of the online community.^[199][200] Other articles situated Chan’s comments in the context of his career and life in the United States, including his «embrace of the American film market»^[200] and his seeking asylum in the United States from Hong Kong triads.^[201]

In April 2016, Chan was named in the Panama Papers.^[202] While Chan was not accused of engaging in illegal activity per se, he was listed as having up to six different offshore accounts, likely for the purposes of serving as tax shelters.^[203]

In 2019, Chan criticised Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests,^[204] saying that the «‘Five-starred Red Flag’ is respected everywhere around the world.»^[205] He also supports the National People’s Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation.^[206]

Entrepreneurship and philanthropy

In addition to his film production and distribution company, JCE Movies Limited, Jackie Chan owns or co-owns the production companies JC Group China, Jackie & Willie Productions^[207] (with Willie Chan) and Jackie & JJ Productions.^[208] Chan has also put his name to Jackie Chan Theater International, a cinema chain in China, co-run by Hong Kong company Sparkle Roll Group Ltd. The first—Jackie Chan-Yaolai International Cinema—opened in February 2010, and is claimed to be the largest cinema complex in China, with 17 screens and 3,500 seats. Chan expressed his hopes that the size of the venue would afford young, non-commercial directors the opportunity to have their films screened. Fifteen further cinemas in the chain were planned for 2010,^{[needs update]} throughout Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with a potential total of 65 cinemas throughout the country proposed.^[209]

In 2004, Chan launched his own line of clothing, which bears a Chinese dragon logo and the English word «Jackie», or the initials «JC».^[210] Chan also has a number of other branded businesses. His sushi restaurant chain, Jackie’s Kitchen, has outlets throughout Hong Kong, as well as seven in South Korea, with plans to open another in Las Vegas. Jackie Chan’s Cafe has outlets in Beijing, Singapore, and the Philippines. Other ventures include Jackie Chan Signature Club gyms (a partnership with California Fitness), and a line of chocolates, cookies and nutritional oatcakes.^[211] With each of his businesses, a percentage of the profits goes to various charities, including the Jackie Chan Charitable Foundation.

In 2016, Chan partnered with Asian Le Mans Series champion David Cheng to form a racing team in the series and the FIA World Endurance Championship. The two met in March 2015 and Chan told Cheng about his interest in motorsports and raised the possibility of starting a team.^[212] Together, the two formed Baxi DC Racing Alpine, the first mainland China-based operation in WEC. In October, leading into the 2016–17 Asian Le Mans Series season, the team was rebranded to Jackie Chan DC Racing and raced with liveries promoting Chan’s movie Kung Fu Yoga.^[213] At the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans, the team became the first Chinese team to win its class (LMP2).^[214]

Chan is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, and has championed charitable works and causes. He has campaigned for conservation and against animal abuse, and has promoted disaster relief efforts for floods in mainland China and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.^[26][215]

In June 2006, citing his admiration of the efforts made by Warren Buffett and Bill Gates to help those in need, Chan pledged the donation of half his assets to charity upon his death.^[216] On 10 March 2008, Chan was the guest of honour for the launch, by Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, of the Jackie Chan Science Centre at the John Curtin School of Medical Research of the Australian National University. Chan is also a supporter and ambassador of Save China’s Tigers, which aims to save the endangered South China tiger through breeding and releasing them into the wild.^[217]
Following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Chan donated RMB ¥10 million to help those in need. In addition, he planned to make a film about the Chinese earthquake to raise money for survivors.^[218] In response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Chan and fellow Hong Kong-based celebrities, including American rapper MC Jin, headlined a special three-hour charity concert, titled Artistes 311 Love Beyond Borders, on 1 April 2011 to help with Japan’s disaster recovery effort.^[219][220] The 3-hour concert raised over $3.3 million.^[221] In January 2017, Chan donated $65,000 to help flood victims in Thailand.^[222]

Chan founded the Jackie Chan Charitable Foundation in 1988 to offer scholarship and active help to Hong Kong’s young people and provide aid to victims of natural disaster or illness.^[14] In 2005, Chan created the Dragon’s Heart Foundation to help children and the elderly in remote areas of China by building schools, providing books, fees, and uniforms for children; the organisation expanded its reach to Europe in 2011.^[223][224] The foundation also provides for the elderly with donations of warm clothing, wheelchairs, and other items.

Endorsements

One product which Chan had endorsed in China was the «Little Tyrant» («小霸王») produced by Subor, a Nintendo Entertainment System hardware clone marketed as a «learning machine» to circumvent China’s then-ban on video game consoles.^[225] In 2010, Chan served as brand ambassador for Kaspersky Lab’s antivirus software in Asia.^[226]

There is an urban legend called the Jackie Chan curse,^{[227][228][229]} ABC News reported in 2010 that the legend originated because «A slew of products sold in China bearing his name, smile and seal of approval have proven defective, prone to explosion, and in one case, potentially damaging to consumers’ health.» This led to a belief that any product or company which was endorsed by Jackie Chan would suffer setbacks.^[230] In 2016 the failure of fitness chain California Fitness was blamed on the curse.^[231] The curse was again invoked in 2021 when Evergrande Group suffered major losses following Chan’s promotion of Evergrande Spring brand bottled water.^[232] However, Jackie Chan has also endorsed a number of products and companies which have not had issues.^[233]

Filmography

Discography

Awards and nominations

Honours

Entering in the Walk of Fame

Walk of Fame

• 2002 motion pictures star at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard on the Walk of Fame.^[235]

Awards named after Jackie Chan

• The Jackie Chan Action Movie Awards, held at the Shanghai International Film Festival since 2015, is named after Jackie Chan.

See also

• Hong Kong action cinema

References

Further reading

External links

Эта статья о мастере боевых искусств и актере. Для использования в других целях см. Джеки Чан (значения).

Джеки Чан SBS MBE PMW
成龍
Чан в Кровоточащая сталь пресс-конференция, Сиднейский оперный театр, Июль 2016
Член Народная политическая консультативная конференция Китая (12)
В офисе Март 2013 г. — март 2018 г.
Председатель	Ю Чжэншэн
Личная информация
Родившийся	Чан Конг-сан 7 апреля 1954 г. (возраст 66) Виктория Пик, Британский Гонконг
Национальность	Китайский (Гонконг)
Супруг (а)	Джоан Лин ​ (м. 1982)​
Дети	Джейси Чан (сын) Этта Нг (дочь)
Родители	Чарльз Чан (отец) Ли-Ли Чан (мать)
Резиденция	Гонконг
Альма-матер	Пекинская оперная школа
Род занятий	Мастер боевых искусств актер режиссер хореограф боевиков певец постановщик трюков каскадер
Награды	Полный список
Интернет сайт	Джеки Чан.com
Музыкальная карьера
Также известный как	Большой брат (大哥 ) Фонг Си-лунг Чан Юн Лунг (陳元龍) Юэнь Ло (元 樓)
Жанры	Кантопоп, Мандопоп, Гонконгская английская поп-музыка, J-pop
Активные годы	1962 – настоящее время
китайское имя
Традиционный китайский	成龍
Упрощенный китайский	成龙
Буквальное значение	Станьте драконом
Транскрипции Стандартный мандарин Ханю Пиньинь Ченг Лонг Бопомофо ㄔ ㄥ ˊ ㄌ ㄨ ㄥ ˊ Уэйд – Джайлз Ченг2 Легкое2 IPA [ʈʂʰə̌ŋ.lʊ̌ŋ] Юэ: кантонский диалект Jyutping Петь4 Легкое4
Настоящее имя
Традиционный китайский	房 仕 龍
Упрощенный китайский	房 仕 龙
Транскрипции Стандартный мандарин Ханю Пиньинь Фанг Шилонг Бопомофо ㄈ ㄤ ˊ ㄕ ˋ ㄌ ㄨ ㄥ ˊ IPA [fǎŋ ʂɻ̩̂.lʊ̌ŋ] Юэ: кантонский диалект Jyutping Фонг4 Si6 Легкое4
Имя при рождении
Традиционный китайский	陳 港 生
Упрощенный китайский	陈 港 生
Транскрипции Стандартный мандарин Ханю Пиньинь Чен Гунгшенг Бопомофо ㄔ ㄣ ˊ ㄍ ㄤ ˇ ㄕ ㄥ ˊ Уэйд – Джайлз Чэнь2 Канг3 Шэн1 IPA [ʈʂʰə̌n kàŋ.ʂə́ŋ] Юэ: кантонский диалект Jyutping Может4 Гонг2 Пел1
Вьетнамское имя
вьетнамский	Thành Long
Хан-Ном	成龍
Корейское имя
Хангыль	성룡
Ханджа	成龍
Транскрипции Пересмотренная романизация Сонрён МакКьюн – Райшауэр Sngryong
Японское имя
Кандзи	成龍
Хирагана	せ い り ゅ う
Транскрипции Пересмотренная Хепберн Сэйрю Кунрей-шики Сейрё

Чан Конг-сан (Слушать) SBS^[1] MBE^[2] PMW^[3] (Китайский : 陳港生; родился 7 апреля 1954 г.),^[4] профессионально известный как Джеки Чан, это Гонконг мастер боевых искусств, актер, каскадер, режиссер, постановщик боевиков и певец. Он известен в кинематографический мир за его фарс акробатический стиль боя, юмористический тайминг, использование самодельного оружия и новаторские трюки, которые он обычно выполняет сам. Он обучался Ушу или же кунг Фу и Хапкидо,^[5][6] и играет с 1960-х, снявшись более чем в 150 фильмах.

Чан — одна из самых узнаваемых и влиятельных кинематографических личностей в мире, получившая широкое распространение в обеих странах. Восточная и Западный полушарий и получил звезды на Аллея звезд в Гонконге и Голливудская Аллея славы.^[7][8] Его упоминали в различных поп-песнях, мультфильмах и видеоиграх. Он оперный вокалист, а также Кантопоп и Мандопоп звезда, выпустившая ряд альбомов и спевшая многие тематические песни за фильмы, в которых снялся. Он также является всемирно известным филантропом и был назван одним из 10 самых благотворительных знаменитостей по версии журнала Forbes журнал.^[9][10] В 2004 году киновед Эндрю Уиллис заявил, что Чан «возможно» является «самой узнаваемой звездой в мире».^[11] В 2015 г. Forbes оценил его собственный капитал в 350 миллионов долларов, и по состоянию на 2016 год, он был вторым самым высокооплачиваемым актером в мире.^[12][13]

Ранние годы

Чан родился 7 апреля 1954 г. в г. Гонконг как пел Чан Конг Чарльз и Ли-Ли Чан, беженцы из Гражданская война в Китае. Его родители прозвали его Пао-пао (Китайский : 炮 炮; горит ‘Cannonball’), потому что энергичный ребенок постоянно катался.^[14] Его родители работали на посла Франции в Гонконге, и Чан провел годы становления на территории резиденции консула в районе Виктория Пик.^[15]

Чан учился в начальной школе Нах-Хва на Остров Гонконг, где он провалил первый год, после чего родители отозвали его из школы. В 1960 году его отец эмигрировал в Канберра, Австралия, чтобы работать шеф-поваром в американском посольстве, а Чан был отправлен в Китайскую драматическую академию. Пекинская оперная школа управляется Мастером Ю Джим-Юэн.^[15][16] Следующее десятилетие Чан усиленно тренировался, преуспев в боевых искусствах и акробатике.^[17] В конце концов он стал частью Семь маленьких удач, творческая группа, состоящая из лучших учеников школы, получившая сценическое имя Юэн Ло (元 樓) в честь своего хозяина. Чан подружился с другими участниками группы. Саммо Хунг и Юэнь Бяо, и трое из них позже стали известны как Три брата или же Три дракона.^[18] После прихода в киноиндустрию Чан вместе с Саммо Хунгом получили возможность тренироваться в хапкидо под руководством великого мастера Джин Пал Ким, и Чан в конце концов достиг черный пояс.^[5] Джеки Чан также тренировался в других стилях боевых искусств, таких как Каратэ, Дзюдо, Тхэквондо и Джит Кун До.

Чан присоединился к своим родителям в Канберре, Австралия, в 1976 году, где он ненадолго учился. Диксон Колледж и работал строителем.^[19] Друг-строитель по имени Джек взял Чана под свое крыло, благодаря чему Чан получил прозвище «Маленький Джек», позднее сокращенное до «Джеки», которое с тех пор остается с ним.^[20] В конце 1990-х Чан сменил китайское имя Фонг Си-лунг (房 仕 龍), поскольку первоначальная фамилия его отца была Фонг.^[20]

Кинокарьера

1962–1975: Ранние выступления

Свою карьеру он начал с маленьких ролей в возрасте пяти лет, будучи ребенком-актером. В восемь лет он появился в фильме с некоторыми из своих товарищей по «Маленьким удачам». Оловянный батончик Big and Little Wong (1962) с Ли Ли-Хуа играет его мать. В следующем году молодой актер снялся в массовке. Вечная любовь (1963) и сыграл небольшую роль в Король Ху фильм 1966 года Пей со мной.^[21] В 1971 году, после появления в массовке в другом фильме о кунг-фу, Прикосновение дзен Чан подписал контракт с компанией Chu Mu’s Great Earth Film.^[22] В семнадцать лет он работал каскадером в Брюс Ли фильмы Кулак ярости и Введите дракона под сценическим псевдонимом Chan Yuen Lung (Китайский : 陳元龍).^[23] Позже в том же году он получил свою первую главную роль в Маленький тигр кантона, который имел ограниченный выпуск в Гонконге в 1973 году.^[24]

1976–1980: Ранние главные роли

В 1976 году Джеки Чан получил телеграмму от Вилли Чан, кинопродюсер гонконгской киноиндустрии, которого впечатлила каскадерская работа Джеки. Вилли Чан предложил ему актерскую роль в фильме режиссера Ло Вэй. Ло видела выступление Чана в Джон Ву фильм Рука Смерти (1976) и планировал смоделировать его после Брюс Ли с фильмом Новый кулак ярости.^[22] Его сценический псевдоним был изменен на Sing Lung (Китайский : 成龍, также транскрибируется как Ченг Лонг,^[25] буквально «стать драконом»), чтобы подчеркнуть его сходство с Брюсом Ли, чей сценический псевдоним на китайском означал «Маленький дракон». Фильм оказался неудачным, потому что Чан не привык к боевым искусствам Ли. Несмотря на провал фильма, Ло Вэй продолжал снимать фильмы на похожие темы, но с небольшим улучшением кассовых сборов.^[26]

Первым крупным достижением Чана стал фильм 1978 года. Змея в тени орла, снятый в то время, когда он был одолжен компании Seasonal Film Corporation по соглашению о двух картинах.^[27] Директор Юэнь Ву-пин предоставил Чану полную свободу в его каскадерской работе. Фильм положил начало жанру комедийного кунг-фу и освежил публику Гонконга.^[28] В том же году Чан снялся в Пьяный мастер, что в конечном итоге привело его к массовому успеху.^[29]

По возвращении Чана в студию Ло Вэя Ло попыталась воспроизвести комедийный подход Пьяный мастер, продюсер, а также показал новые функции в то время с Джеки в качестве директора каскадеров Половина буханки кунг-фу и Духовное кунг-фу.^[20] Он также дал Чану возможность сделать свой режиссерский дебют в Бесстрашная гиена. Когда Уилли Чан покинул компанию, он посоветовал Джеки самому решить, оставаться ли с Ло Вей или нет. Во время съемки Бесстрашная гиена, часть 2, Чан разорвал контракт и присоединился к Золотой урожай, побуждая Ло шантажировать Чана триады, обвиняя Вилли в уходе своей звезды. Спор разрешился с помощью коллег-актера и режиссера. Джимми Ван Ю, позволяя Чану остаться с Golden Harvest.^[27]

1980–1987: Успех в жанре комедийного боевика.

Уилли Чан стал личным менеджером и другом Джеки и оставался им более 30 лет. Он сыграл важную роль в начале международной карьеры Чана, начиная с его первых набегов на американскую киноиндустрию в 1980-х годах. Его первый голливудский фильм был Большая драка в 1980 г.^[30][31] Затем Чан сыграл второстепенную роль в фильме 1981 года. Пушечное ядро, который возмутился 100 миллионов долларов США Мировой.^[32] Несмотря на то, что североамериканская аудитория в основном игнорировала его в пользу известных американских актеров, таких как Берт Рейнольдс, Чан был впечатлен берет показано на заключительные кредиты, вдохновляя его использовать это устройство в своих будущих фильмах.

После коммерческого провала Защитник в 1985 году Чан временно отказался от своих попыток проникнуть на рынок США, вернув свое внимание к Гонконгские фильмы.^[26]

Вернувшись в Гонконг, фильмы Чана начали привлекать более широкую аудиторию в Восточной Азии, с ранним успехом на прибыльном японском рынке, включая Пьяный мастер, Молодой Мастер (1980) и Лорд Дракон (1982).^[33] Молодой Мастер побил предыдущие рекорды кассовых сборов, установленные Брюс Ли и сделал Чана главной звездой гонконгского кино. С Лорд Дракон, он начал экспериментировать со сложными трюк последовательности действий,^[34] включая финальную сцену боя, где он выполняет различные трюки, в том числе тот, где он отрывается от чердака и падает на землю.^[35]

Чан продюсировал ряд комедийных боевиков со своими школьными друзьями Саммо Хунгом и Юэн Бяо. Эти трое впервые снялись вместе в 1983 году в Проект А, который представил опасный стиль боевых искусств, основанный на трюках, который выиграл премию Best Action Design Award на третьем ежегодном конкурсе. Гонконгская кинопремия.^[36] В течение следующих двух лет «Три брата» появились в Колеса на еду и оригинал Счастливые звезды трилогия.^[37][38] В 1985 году Чан сделал первый Полицейская история фильм, а преступное действие фильм, в котором Чан исполнил ряд опасных трюков. Он выиграл Лучший фильм на 1986 Гонконгские кинопремии.^[39] В 1986 году Чан сыграл «Азиатского ястреба», Индиана Джонс -элитный персонаж, в фильме Доспехи Бога. На тот момент фильм стал крупнейшим кассовым успехом Чана на внутреннем рынке, собрав более 35 миллионов гонконгских долларов.^[40]

1988–1998: Признанные сиквелы и голливудский прорыв

В 1988 году Чан в последний раз снялся в фильме вместе с Саммо Хунгом и Юэн Бяо. Драконы навсегда. Хунг был режиссером Кори Юэн, а злодея в фильме сыграл Юэнь Ва, оба были выпускниками Китайской драматической академии.

В конце 1980-х — начале 1990-х Чан снялся в ряде успешных сиквелов, начиная с Проект А Часть II и Полицейская история 2, который получил награду за лучшую хореографию в 1989 году. Гонконгская кинопремия. Затем последовали Доспехи Бога II: Операция Кондор, и Полицейская история 3: Супер полицейский, за которую Чан получил премию за лучшую мужскую роль в 1993 году. Кинофестиваль «Золотая лошадь». В 1994 году Чан повторил свою роль Вонг Фейхун в Пьяный Мастер II, который был указан в Time Magazine’s 100 фильмов за все время.^[41] Еще одно продолжение, История полиции 4: Первый удар, принесла Чану больше наград и успех в прокате на внутреннем рынке, но не добилась успеха на зарубежных рынках.^[42]

Вплоть до января 1995 года его фильмы собрали более 500 миллионов гонконгских долларов (70 миллионов долларов США) в Гонконге,^[43] 39 миллиардов йен (489 миллионов долларов США) в Японии,^[33] 11.5 миллионов кассовых сборов во Франции,^[44] и 9,9 миллионов кассовых сборов в Германии.^[45] Несмотря на его успех в Азии и Европе, он не имел большого успеха в Северной Америке, где у него было только два широких релиза в качестве ведущего актера. Большая драка и Защитник, кассовый 9,51 млн долларов США (32 миллиона долларов США с поправкой на инфляцию).^[46]

Чан разжег свой Голливуд амбиции в 1990-х, но отказался от ранних предложений сыграть злодеев в голливудских фильмах, чтобы не быть приведение типов в будущих ролях. Например, Сильвестр Сталлоне предложил ему роль Саймон Феникс, преступник в футуристическом фильме Разрушитель. Чан отказался, и роль взял на себя Уэсли Снайпс.^[47]

В 1995 году Чану, наконец, удалось закрепиться на рынке Северной Америки, выпустив по всему миру Грохот в Бронксе, достигнув культ в Соединенных Штатах это было редкостью для звезд гонконгского кино.^[48] Успех Битва в Бронксе привело к выпуску в 1996 г. Полицейская история 3: Супер полицейский в США под названием Суперкоп, которые собрали в общей сложности 16 270 600 долларов США. Первый огромный успех блокбастера Чана пришел, когда он снялся вместе с Крис Такер в 1998 г. приятель полицейский комедия Час пик,^[49] только в Соединенных Штатах заработал 130 миллионов долларов США.^[27] Этот фильм сделал его звездой Голливуда, после чего он написал автобиографию в сотрудничестве с Джефф Янг озаглавленный Я Джеки Чан.

1999–2007: Слава в Голливуде и драматизация

В 1998 году Чан выпустил свой последний фильм для Golden Harvest, Кто я?. После ухода из Golden Harvest в 1999 году он продюсировал и играл вместе с Шу Ци в Великолепный, романтическая комедия, посвященная личным отношениям и состоящая только из нескольких сцен о боевых искусствах.^[50] Хотя Чан покинул Golden Harvest в 1999 году, компания продолжала продюсировать и распространять два его фильма: Великолепный (1999) и Случайный шпион (2001). Затем Чан помог создать Игровая приставка игра 2000 года называется Джеки Чан Каскадер, которому он предоставил свой голос и выполнил захват движения.^[51] Он продолжил свой голливудский успех в 2000 году, когда объединился с Оуэн Уилсон в Западный комедия Шанхайский полдень. Продолжение, Шанхайские рыцари последовал в 2003 году, а также показал свою первую сцену драки на экране с Донни Йен.^[52]Он воссоединился с Крисом Такером для Час пик 2 (2001), который имел даже больший успех, чем оригинал, собрав 347 миллионов долларов по всему миру.^[53] Чан экспериментировал с использованием спецэффектов и проводов для сцен боя в своих следующих двух голливудских фильмах. Смокинг (2002) и Медальон (2003), которые не были столь успешными ни критически, ни коммерчески.^[54] В 2004 году он объединился с Стив Куган в Вокруг света за 80 дней, свободно основанный на Жюль Верн роман с таким же названием. В 2004 году киновед Эндрю Уиллис заявил, что Чан «возможно» является «самой узнаваемой звездой в мире».^[11]

Несмотря на успех Час пик и Шанхайский полдень В фильмах Чан разочаровался в Голливуде из-за ограниченного набора ролей и отсутствия контроля над процессом создания фильма.^[55] В ответ на уход Golden Harvest из киноиндустрии в 2003 году Чан основал собственную кинокомпанию. JCE Movies Limited (Jackie Chan Emperor Movies Limited) совместно с Emperor Multimedia Group (EMG).^[27] С тех пор в его фильмах появилось все больше драматических сцен, но они продолжали иметь успех в прокате; примеры включают Новая история полиции (2004), Миф (2005) и хит-фильм Роб-Би-Худ (2006).^[56][57][58]

Следующий выпуск Чана был третьим выпуском в Час пик серии: Час пик 3 в августе 2007 года. Он собрал 255 миллионов долларов США.^[59] Однако для Гонконга это было разочарованием, собрав всего 3,5 миллиона гонконгских долларов за первые выходные.^[60]

2008 – настоящее время: Новые эксперименты и изменение стиля.

Съемки Запрещенное королевство, Первая совместная работа Чана на экране с китайским актером. Джет Ли, был завершен 24 августа 2007 года, а фильм был выпущен в апреле 2008 года. В фильме широко использовались эффекты и провода.^[61][62] Чан озвучил Мастера Обезьяна в кунг-фу Панда (выпущен в июне 2008 г.), появляется с Джек Блэк, Дастин Хоффман, и Анджелина Джоли.^[63] Кроме того, он помогал Энтони Сзето в качестве консультанта для сценаристо-режиссерского фильма. Ушу, выпущенный 1 мая 2008 года. Саммо Хунг и Ван Вэньцзе — отец и сын.^[64]

В ноябре 2007 года Чан приступил к съемкам. Инцидент в Синдзюку, драматическая роль без боевых искусств с режиссером Дерек Йи, в котором Чан берет на себя роль китайского иммигранта в Японии.^[65] Фильм был выпущен 2 апреля 2009 года. Согласно его блогу, Чан обсудил свое желание снять фильм после завершения. Инцидент в Синдзюку, чего он не делал в течение ряда лет.^[66] Предполагалось, что фильм станет третьим в серии «Доспехи Бога» и имел рабочее название Доспехи Бога III: Китайский Зодиак. Фильм вышел 12 декабря 2012 года.^[67] Поскольку Гильдия киноактеров не объявила забастовку, Чан приступил к съемкам своего следующего голливудского фильма. Шпион по соседству в конце октября в Нью-Мексико.^[68] В Шпион по соседствуЧан играет агента под прикрытием, прикрытие которого разрушается, когда он присматривает за детьми своей девушки. В Маленький большой солдат, Звезды чана, рядом Лихом Ван как солдат в Период воюющих царств в Китае. Он единственный выживший в своей армии и должен привести захваченного вражеского солдата. Лихом Ван в столицу своей провинции.

В 2010 году снялся с Джейден Смит в Карате-пацан, римейк оригинал 1984 года.^[69] Это был первый драматический американский фильм Чана. Он играет мистера Хана, кунг Фу мастер и обслуживающий персонал, который учит Джейден Смит персонаж кунг-фу, чтобы он мог защищаться от школьных хулиганов. Его роль в Карате-пацан выиграл награду Джеки Чана в номинации «Любимый батткикер» на Награды Nickelodeon Kids ‘Choice Awards в 2011.^[70] В следующем фильме Чана Шаолинь, он играет второстепенную роль повара храма, а не одного из главных персонажей.

Его 100-й фильм, 1911, был выпущен 26 сентября 2011 года. Чан был сорежиссером, исполнительным продюсером и главной звездой фильма.^[71] Хотя Чан за свою карьеру снял более десяти фильмов, это была его первая режиссерская работа с тех пор, как Кто я? в 1998 г. 1911 Премьера в Северной Америке состоялась 14 октября.^[72]

На Каннском кинофестивале 2012 года Чан объявил, что уходит из боевиков, сославшись на то, что становится слишком стар для этого жанра. Позже он пояснил, что не собирается полностью отказываться от боевиков, но будет выполнять меньше трюков и больше заботиться о своем теле.^[73]

В 2013 году Чан снялся в Полицейская история 2013, перезагрузка Полицейская история франшиза, направленная Дин Шэн, и он был выпущен в Китае в конце 2013 года. Следующий фильм Чана Клинок дракона был выпущен в начале 2015 года и снимался голливудскими актерами. Джон Кьюсак и Эдриан Броуди. В 2015 году Чан был удостоен звания «Датук «Малайзией, поскольку он помог Малайзии развивать туризм, особенно в Куала Лумпур где ранее снимал свои фильмы.^[74] В начале 2017 года вышел новый фильм Чана под названием Кунг-фу йога, китайско-индийский проект, в котором также снялись Диша Патани, Сону Суд и Амира Дастур, был выпущен. В фильме Чан воссоединился с режиссером Стэнли Тонг, снявший ряд фильмов Чана в 1990-х годах. После выпуска фильм имел огромный успех в прокате и стал 5-м самым кассовым фильмом в Китае через месяц после его выпуска. В 2016 году он объединился сДжонни Ноксвилл и снялся в собственном производстве Пропустить .

Чан снялся в комедийном боевике 2016 года Железнодорожные тигры и боевик-триллер 2017 года Иностранец, англо-китайского производства. Он также снимается в фантастическом фильме. Кровоточащая сталь. В 2021 году он появится в Проект X-Traction рядом Джон Сина.

Его фильмы в совокупности собрали 1,14 миллиарда гонконгских долларов (147 миллионов долларов США) в кассах Гонконга до 2010 г.,^[75] над 72 миллиона долларов США в Южной Корее с 1991 по 2010 год,^[76] и 48,4 млрд иен (607 миллионов долларов США) в Японии до 2012 года.^[33] По состоянию на 2018 год, его фильмы собрали в прокате 1,84 млрд долларов США^[77] (больше, чем 2,44 миллиарда долларов США с поправкой на инфляцию) в США и Канаде,^[46] CN ¥ 8,6 млрд (1,24 млрд долларов США) в Китае,^[78] 20 миллионов кассовых сборов во Франции,^[79] и более 27,3 миллионов поступлений в Германии, Испании и Италии.^[45] По состоянию на 2018 годего фильмы собрали в прокате более 5 миллиардов долларов США в мировом прокате.^[77]

Другие карьеры

Музыка

В детстве Чан брал уроки вокала в Пекинской оперной школе. Он начал профессионально заниматься продюсированием пластинок в 1980-х и стал успешным певцом в Гонконге и Азии. С 1984 года он выпустил 20 альбомов и исполнил вокал на кантонском, китайском, японском, тайваньском и английском языках. Он часто поет музыкальные темы из своих фильмов, которые проигрываются заключительные кредиты. Первой музыкальной записью Чана была «Kung Fu Fighting Man», заглавная песня, сыгранная в финальных титрах фильма. Молодой Мастер (1980).^[80] По крайней мере 10 из этих записей вошли в альбомы саундтреков к фильмам.^[81][82] Его кантонская песня «История одного героя» (英雄 故事) (музыкальная тема Полицейская история ) был выбран Королевская полиция Гонконга и включены в их объявление о приеме на работу в 1994 году.^[83]

Чан озвучил персонажа Шана в китайском выпуске фильма. Уолт Дисней анимационный фильм, Мулан (1998). Он также исполнил песню «Я сделаю из тебя человека» для саундтрека к фильму. Для релиза в США голосовой голос исполнял B.D. Вонг и поющий голос был сделан Донни Осмонд. Он также сотрудничал с Ани ДиФранко над «Unforgettable».^[84]

В 2007 году Чан записал и выпустил «We Are Ready», официальную песню с обратным отсчетом года до Летние Олимпийские игры 2008 года который он исполнил на церемонии, посвященной годовому отсчету до Летние Паралимпийские игры 2008 г..^[85] Чан также выпустил один из двух официальных альбомов Олимпийских игр, Официальный альбом Олимпийских игр 2008 года в Пекине — версия Джеки Чана, в котором участвовали несколько специальных гостей.^[86] Чан исполнил «Hard to Say Goodbye» вместе с Энди Ло, Лю Хуан и Вакин (Эмиль) Чау, на Церемония закрытия Летних Олимпийских игр 2008 года.^[87]

Академия

Чан получил звание почетного доктора социальных наук в 1996 г. Гонконгский баптистский университет.^[88] В 2009 году он получил еще одну почетную докторскую степень от Университет Камбоджи,^[89][90] а также был удостоен звания почетного профессора Колледж искусств и дизайна Саванны в Гонконге в 2008 году.^[91]

Чан в настоящее время является преподавателем Школы гостиничного и туристического менеджмента в Гонконгский политехнический университет,^[92] где он преподает предмет управления туризмом. По состоянию на 2015 год, он также является деканом Академии кино и телевидения Джеки Чана при Уханьский институт дизайна и науки.^[93]

Личная жизнь

В 1982 году Чан женился Джоан Лин, тайваньская актриса. Их сын, певец и актер Джейси Чан, родился в том же году.^[55] После того, как он вступил во внебрачный роман с Элейн Нг Йи-Лей, внебрачная дочь по имени Этта Нг Чок Лам родилась 18 января 1999 года. Это вылилось в скандал в СМИ. Хотя он, как сообщается, ежемесячно давал Элейн 70 000 гонконгских долларов на ее расходы на проживание и 600 000 гонконгских долларов, когда она переехала в Шанхай, позже ее адвокат заявил, что сделки не проводились.^{[94][95][96][97]} Несмотря на сожаление о результатах романа, Чан сказал, что он «только совершил ошибку, которую совершают многие мужчины в мире».^{[98][99][100]} Во время инцидента Элейн заявила, что позаботится о своей дочери без Чана.^[101]

Чан говорит Кантонский, Мандарин, Английский и Американский язык жестов а также немного говорит по-немецки, Корейский, Японский, испанский и Тайский.^[102] Чан заядлый футбол вентилятор и поддерживает Сборная Гонконга по футболу, то Сборная Англии по футболу, и Манчестер.^[103]

Он фанат итальянского дуэта. Бад Спенсер и Теренс Хилл, от которого он был вдохновлен его фильмами.^[104]

Трюки и экранный образ

На протяжении всей своей кинокарьеры Чан исполнил большинство своих трюков, хореографию которых поставили Команда трюков Джеки Чана. В интервью он заявлял, что главным источником вдохновения для его комедийных трюков были такие фильмы, как Генерал, режиссер и в главной роли Бастер Китон который также был известен своими трюками. Команда была создана в 1983 году, и Чан использовал их во всех своих последующих фильмах, чтобы упростить хореографию, учитывая его понимание способностей каждого участника.^[105] Чан и его команда выполняют многие трюки, выполняемые другими персонажами в его фильмах, снимая сцены так, чтобы их лица были скрыты.^[106]

В 1982 году Джеки Чан начал экспериментировать со сложными последовательностями трюков в Лорд Дракон,^[107] в котором была изображена сцена боя пирамиды, которая является рекордсменом по количеству берет требуется для одной сцены, с 2900 дублями,^[108] и финальная сцена боя, где он выполняет различные трюки, в том числе тот, где он делает сальто назад чердак и падает на землю.^[109] В 1983 г. Проект А увидел официальное формирование команды трюков Джеки Чана и добавил сложные, опасные трюки к боям и типичный фарс юмора (в какой-то момент Чан падает с вершины башни с часами через серию тканевых навесов).

Полицейская история (1985) содержал много масштабных боевых сцен, в том числе вступительную сцену с участием автомобильная погоня через трущобы, Чан останавливает двухэтажный автобус с его службой револьвер и кульминационная сцена боя в супермаркет. Эта финальная сцена принесла фильму прозвище «Стеклянная история» из-за огромного количества панелей. сахарный стакан которые были сломаны. Во время трюка в этой последней сцене, в котором Чан спускается с шеста с нескольких этажей вверх, огни, покрывающие столб, значительно его нагрели, в результате чего Чан страдал. ожоги второй степени, особенно его рук, а также травма спины и вывих таза при приземлении.^[110] Чан выполнял аналогичные сложные трюки во многих других фильмах, таких как несколько Полицейская история сиквелы Проект А Часть II, то Доспехи Бога серии, Драконы навсегда, Пьяный Мастер II, Битва в Бронксе, а Час пик серии, среди прочего.

Опасный характер его трюков затрудняет получение страховки, особенно в Соединенных Штатах, где его каскадерская работа ограничена контрактом.^[106] Чан держит Мировой рекорд Гиннеса за «Большинство трюков живого актера», в котором подчеркивается, что «ни одна страховая компания не будет гарантировать постановку Чана, в котором он выполняет все свои трюки».^[111]

Чан часто травмировался при выполнении трюков; многие из них были показаны как добытые или как ляпы во время заключительных титров его фильмов. Он был ближе всего к съемкам смерти Доспехи Бога когда он упал с дерева и сломал себе череп. За прошедшие годы он вывихнул таз, а также сломал множество частей своего тела, включая пальцы рук, ног, нос, обе скулы, бедра, грудину, шею, лодыжку и ребра.^[112][113] Рекламные материалы для Битва в Бронксе подчеркнул, что он выполнил все трюки, а на одной из версий плаката к фильму даже были изображены его многочисленные травмы.

Чан создал свой экранный образ как ответ на последнее Брюс Ли и многочисленные подражатели который появился до и после смерти Ли. Персонажи Ли обычно были суровыми, нравственно честными героями. Напротив, Чан играет благонамеренных, немного глупых обычных мужчин, часто находящихся во власти своих друзей, подруг или семей, которые в конце концов всегда побеждают, несмотря на трудности.^[20] Кроме того, он заявил, что намеренно стилизует свое движение, чтобы быть противоположным движению Ли: где Ли широко раскинул руки, Чан крепко прижимает их к телу; там, где Ли был расслабленным и плавным, Чан напряженный и нервный. Несмотря на успех Час пик Чан заявил, что не является его поклонником, поскольку он не ценит боевые сцены в фильме и не понимает американский юмор.^[114]

В 2000-х стареющий Чан устал быть типичным героем боевиков, что побудило его действовать более эмоционально в своих последних фильмах.^[115] В Новая история полиции, он изобразил персонажа, страдающего алкоголизмом и оплакивающего своих убитых коллег.^[81] Чтобы еще больше избавиться от образа «хорошего парня», Чан впервые сыграл антигероя в Роб-Би-Худ в главной роли Стринги, грабитель с проблемами с азартными играми.^[116] Он играет гангстера низкого уровня в 2009 году. Инцидент в Синдзюку, серьезная драма, действие которой происходит в Токио, о сомнительных персонажах.^[117]

Наследие

Чан получил мировое признание за свою актерскую и каскадерскую работу. Его награды включают премию Innovator Award от Американская хореографическая награда и награда за заслуги перед Премия Taurus World Stunt Awards.^[118] У него звезды на Голливудская Аллея славы и Гонконг Аллея Звезд.^[119] Кроме того, Чан также удостоился чести поместить свою руку и следы в Китайский театр Граумана.^[120] Несмотря на значительный кассовый успех в Азии, голливудские фильмы Чана подвергались критике за их боевую хореографию. Рецензенты Час пик 2, Смокинг, и Шанхайские рыцари отметил смягчение боевых сцен Чана, сославшись на меньшую интенсивность по сравнению с его более ранними фильмами.^{[121][122][123]} Комедийная ценность его фильмов ставится под сомнение; некоторые критики заявляют, что временами они могут быть ребячливыми.^[124] Чан был награжден MBE в 1989 г. и Серебряная звезда Баухинии (SBS) в 1999 году.

Чан был предметом Эш песня «кунг Фу «, Тяжелый овощ «Джеки Чан — панк-рокер», Лихом Ван «s»Да здравствует китайский народ », а также в« Джеки Чане » Фрэнк Чикенс и телешоу Тим и Эрик Потрясающее шоу, отличная работа!, Смертельный бой знаменитостей и Семьянин. Его называют вдохновителем для манга Такие как Жемчуг дракона (включая символ с псевдонимом «Джеки Чун «),^[125] персонажи видеоигр Такие как Лэй Улун в Tekken и боевого типа Покемон Hitmonchan,^{[126][127][128]} и паркур движение.^[129][130]

Джеки Чан подписал спонсорское соглашение с Mitsubishi Motors Это привело к появлению автомобилей Mitsubishi в ряде его фильмов. Кроме того, Mitsubishi выпустила ограниченную серию автомобилей Evolution, персонально настроенных Чаном.^{[131][132][133]}

Номер видеоигры были основаны на Джеки Чане. Его фильм Колеса на еду (называется Спартанский X в Японии) породила хит 1984 бей их аркадная игра Спартанский X (выпущено как Мастер кунг-фу на западных рынках) и его продолжение Спартанский X 2 для Nintendo Famicom консоль. Кунг-фу Джеки Чана был выпущен в 1990 году для PC-двигатель и Система развлечений Nintendo. В 1995 году Чан был показан в аркаде файтинг Джеки Чан Мастер кунг-фу. Серия Японские видеоигры были выпущены на MSX компьютер Пони, основанный на нескольких фильмах Чана (Проект А, Проект А 2, Полицейская история, Защитник и Колеса на еду). Другие игры, основанные на Джеки Чане, включают: Джеки Чан Каскадер, Джеки Чан Приключения и Джеки Чан J-Mat Fitness.^[134]

Чан также был основным катализатором создания веб-сайта агрегирования обзоров. Гнилые помидоры, основатель которого Сень Зыонг был его поклонником и создал веб-сайт после сбора всех отзывов о Гонконгские боевики поскольку они выпускались в США. В ожидании Час пик, Первый крупный голливудский кроссовер Чана, он закодировал веб-сайт за две недели, и сайт заработал незадолго до выпуска Час пик.^[135][136]

Чан говорит, что всегда хотел быть для детей образцом для подражания и оставался популярным среди них благодаря своему добродушному стилю игры. Он вообще отказывался играть злодеев и очень сдержанно употреблял нецензурную лексику в своих фильмах — он убедил режиссера Час пик убрать «ебать» из сценария.^[137] Самое большое сожаление Чана в жизни — это то, что он не получил надлежащего образования,^[138] вдохновляя его финансировать образовательные учреждения по всему миру. Он профинансировал строительство Научного центра Джеки Чана в Австралийский национальный университет^[139] и открытие школ в бедных регионах Китая.^[140]

Чан является представителем Правительство Гонконга, появляясь в объявления государственной службы. В Чистый Гонконг коммерции, он призвал жителей Гонконга быть более внимательными в отношении мусор, проблема, которая была широко распространена на протяжении десятилетий.^[141] Кроме того, в рекламе, пропагандирующей национализм, он кратко объяснил Марш волонтеров, государственный гимн Китайской Народной Республики.^[142] Когда Гонконгский Диснейленд открылся в 2005 году, Чан принял участие в церемонии открытия.^[143] В США Чан появился рядом с Арнольд Шварцнеггер в правительственной рекламе по борьбе Нарушение авторского права и сделал еще одно публичное объявление с шерифом округа Лос-Анджелес Ли Бака ободрять людей, особенно Азиатские люди, чтобы присоединиться к Департамент шерифа округа Лос-Анджелес.^[144][145]

Начато строительство музея Джеки Чана в Шанхае. В ноябре 2013 года статуя Чана была открыта перед тем, что сейчас известно как JC Film Gallery, которая открылась весной 2014 года.^[146]

25 июня 2013 года Чан ответил на созданную несколькими днями ранее ложную страницу в Facebook, в которой утверждалось, что он умер. Он сказал, что несколько человек связались с ним, чтобы поздравить с недавней помолвкой, а вскоре после этого снова связались с ним, чтобы спросить, жив ли он. Он опубликовал сообщение в Facebook, в котором написал: «Если бы я умер, я бы, наверное, рассказал миру!»^[147][148]

1 февраля 2015 года Чан был удостоен чести Рыцаря-командора Орден Территориальной Короны посредством Ян ди-Пертуан Агонг из Малайзия Туанку Абдул Халим в сочетании со страной День федеральной территории. Он носит название Датук в Малазии.^[149][150]

В 2015 году было выдумано слово, вдохновленное описанием Чаном своих волос во время интервью для рекламы: дуанг, стал вирусным интернет-мемом в Китае. Китайский иероглиф этого слова состоит из двух символов имени Чана.^[151]

Политические взгляды и противоречия

Во время пресс-конференции в Шанхае 28 марта 2004 г. Чан упомянул о недавно заключенном Президентские выборы в Китайской Республике 2004 г. на Тайване, в котором Демократическая прогрессивная партия кандидаты Чэнь Шуйбянь и Аннетт Лу были переизбраны президентом и вице-президентом, как «самая большая шутка в мире».^{[152][153][154]} Тайваньский законодатель и высокопоставленный член DPP, Пэррис Чанг [ж ], призвал правительство Тайваня запретить его фильмы и запретить ему посещать Тайвань.^[152] Полиция и сотрудники службы безопасности отделили Чана от множества протестующих, кричащих «Джеки Чан, убирайся», когда он прибыл в аэропорт Тайбэя в июне 2008 года.^[155]

Что касается его участия в Эстафета Олимпийского огня для Летние Олимпийские игры 2008 года в Пекине Чан выступил против демонстрантов, которые несколько раз срывали эстафету, пытаясь привлечь внимание к широкому спектру жалоб на правительство Китая. Он предупредил, что «искатели рекламы», планирующие помешать ему нести Олимпийский огонь, «не приближаться» к нему. Чан также утверждал, что освещение Олимпийских игр в том году «предоставит нам еще один способ рассказать миру о китайской культуре».^[156]

В 2009 году китайское правительство назначило Чана «послом по борьбе с наркотиками», активно участвовавшим в кампаниях по борьбе с наркотиками и поддержавшим заявление президента Ху Цзиньтао о том, что незаконные наркотики должны быть искоренены, а их потребители сурово наказаны. В 2014 году, когда его собственный сын Джейси был арестован за употребление каннабиса, он сказал, что был «зол», «шокирован», «убит горем» и «стыдился» своего сына. Он также заметил: «Я надеюсь, что все молодые люди извлекут уроки из Джейси и будут держаться подальше от вреда наркотиков. Я говорю Джейси, что вы должны принять последствия, когда вы сделаете что-то неправильно».^[157]

18 апреля 2009 г. во время панельной дискуссии на ежегодном Азиатский форум Боао, он сомневался, что широкая свобода — это хорошо.^[158] Отмечая сильную напряженность в Гонконге и Тайване, он сказал: «Я постепенно начинаю чувствовать, что мы, китайцы, нуждаемся в контроле. Если нас не контролируют, мы просто будем делать то, что хотим».^[159][160] Комментарии Чана вызвали гневную реакцию нескольких видных деятелей Тайваня и Гонконга.^[161][162] Представитель позже сказал, что Чан имел в виду свободу в индустрии развлечений, а не в китайском обществе в целом.^[163]

В декабре 2012 года Чан вызвал возмущение, когда раскритиковал Гонконг как «город протеста», предложив ограничить права демонстрантов в Гонконге.^[164] В том же месяце в интервью Phoenix TV Чан заявил, что Соединенные Штаты являются «самой коррумпированной» страной в мире.^[165] что, в свою очередь, разозлило часть онлайн-сообщества.^[165][166] В других статьях комментарии Чана рассматриваются в контексте его карьеры и жизни в Соединенных Штатах, включая его «объятия американского кинорынка».^[166] и его поиск убежища в Соединенных Штатах от гонконгских триад.^[167]

В апреле 2016 года Чан был назван в Панамские документы.^[168]

В 2019 году Чан раскритиковал Протесты против законопроекта против экстрадиции в Гонконге,^[169] говоря, что «пятизвездочный красный флаг» уважают во всем мире ».^[170] Он также поддерживает Решение Всекитайского собрания народных представителей по законодательству Гонконга о национальной безопасности.^[171]

Предпринимательство и благотворительность

Помимо своей кинопроизводственной и дистрибьюторской компании, JCE Movies Limited Джеки Чан также владеет или является совладельцем продюсерских компаний JC Group China, Jackie & Willie Productions.^[172] (с Уилли Чаном) и Jackie & JJ Productions.^[173] Чан также назвал свое имя Джеки Чан Theater International, сетью кинотеатров в Китае, совместно управляемой гонконгской компанией Sparkle Roll Group Ltd. Первый — Международный кинотеатр Джеки Чан-Яолай — открылся в феврале 2010 года и, как утверждается, самый большой кинотеатр в Китае на 17 залов и 3500 мест. Чан выразил надежду, что размер зала даст молодым некоммерческим режиссерам возможность показать свои фильмы. На 2010 год запланировано еще 15 кинотеатров сети,^{[нуждается в обновлении ]} по всему Пекину, Шанхаю и Гуанчжоу, с потенциальным предложением 65 кинотеатров по всей стране.^[174]

В 2004 году Чан запустил собственную линию одежды с Китайский дракон логотип и английское слово «Jackie» или инициалы «JC».^[175] У Чана также есть ряд других фирменных предприятий. Его сеть суши-ресторанов Jackie’s Kitchen имеет магазины по всему Гонконгу, а также семь в Южной Корее, и планирует открыть еще один в Лас Вегас. Кафе Джеки Чана имеет торговые точки в Пекине, Сингапуре и на Филиппинах. Другие предприятия включают тренажерные залы Jackie Chan Signature Club (партнерство с Калифорния Фитнес ), а также линейку шоколадных конфет, печенья и овсяных хлопьев.^[176] With each of his businesses, a percentage of the profits goes to various charities, including the Jackie Chan Charitable Foundation.

In 2016, Chan partnered with Азиатская серия Ле-Ман чемпион Дэвид Ченг to form a racing team in the series and the Чемпионат мира по гонкам на выносливость FIA. The two met in March 2015 and Chan told Cheng about his interest in motorsports and raised the possibility of starting a team.^[177] Together, the two formed Baxi DC Racing Alpine, the first mainland China-based operation in WEC. In October, leading into the 2016–17 Asian Le Mans Series season, the team was rebranded to Джеки Чан DC Racing and raced with liveries promoting Chan’s movie Kung Fu Yoga.^[178] На 2017 24 часа Ле-Мана, the team became the first Chinese team to win its class (LMP2).^[179]

Chan is a Посол доброй воли ЮНИСЕФ, and has championed charitable works and causes. He has campaigned for сохранение, против жестокое обращение с животными and has promoted disaster relief efforts for floods in mainland China и Цунами 2004 года в Индийском океане.^[16][180]

In June 2006, citing his admiration of the efforts made by Уоррен Баффет и Билл Гейтс to help those in need, Chan pledged the donation of half his assets to charity upon his death.^[181] On 10 March 2008, Chan was the guest of honour for the launch, by Australian Prime Minister Кевин Радд, из Jackie Chan Science Centre на Школа медицинских исследований Джона Кертина of the Australian National University. Chan is also a supporter and ambassador of Save China’s Tigers, which aims to save the endangered South China tiger through breeding and releasing them into the wild.^[182]После Землетрясение в Сычуани 2008 г., Chan donated RMB ¥10 million to help those in need. In addition, he planned to make a film about the Chinese earthquake to raise money for survivors.^[183] В ответ на Землетрясение и цунами в Тохоку 2011 г., Chan and fellow Hong Kong-based celebrities, including American rapper MC Джин, headlined a special three-hour charity concert, titled Артисты 311 Любовь без границ, on 1 April 2011 to help with Japan’s disaster recovery effort.^[184][185] The 3-hour concert raised over $3.3 million.^[186] In January 2017, Chan donated $65,000 to help наводнение victims in Thailand.^[187]

Chan founded the Jackie Chan Charitable Foundation in 1988, to offer scholarship and active help to Hong Kong’s young people and provide aid to victims of natural disaster or illness.^[10]In 2005 Chan created the Dragon’s Heart Foundation to help children and the elderly in remote areas of China by building schools, providing books, fees, and uniforms for children; the organisation expanded its reach to Europe in 2011.^[188][189] The foundation also provides for the elderly with donations of warm clothing, wheelchairs, and other items.

Одобрения

One product which Chan had endorsed in China was the «Little Tyrant» («小霸王») produced by Subor, a Клон оборудования Nintendo Entertainment System marketed as a «learning machine» to circumvent China’s then-ban on video game consoles.^[190]

Фильмография

Дискография

Награды и номинации

Другие

• В Награды за боевик Джеки Чана, проходивший в Шанхайский международный кинофестиваль since 2015, is named after Jackie Chan.

Аллея славы

• 2002 кинозвезда at 6801 Голливудский бульвар on the Walk of Fame^[191]

Смотрите также

• Гонконгский боевик

Рекомендации

дальнейшее чтение

внешняя ссылка