Как правильно пишется порода собаки пекинес

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the dog breed. For the people and other aspects of Beijing culture, see Beijing and Beijingese.

Pekingese
A long-haired Pekingese brushed out and ready for show
Common nicknames	Peke
Origin	China
Kennel club standards China Kennel Union standard Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Pekingese (also spelled Pekinese) is a breed of toy dog, originating in China. The breed was favored by royalty of the Chinese Imperial court as a companion dog, and its name refers to the city of Peking (Beijing) where the Forbidden City is located. The breed has several characteristics and health issues related to its unique appearance. Because of its desirable characteristics, the Pekingese has been part of the development of designer crossbreeds, such as the Peekapoo (crossed with a poodle) and Peke-a-tese (crossed with a Maltese).

Appearance[edit]

Modern breeders and dog show judges seem to prefer the long-haired type over the more traditional spaniel-type coat.

The Pekingese’s flat face and large eyes are some of the breed’s most obvious characteristics. The body is compact and low to the ground. Pekingese also have a muscular and durable body.^[1] The breed’s unusual rolling gait may have been deliberately developed through selective breeding, to prevent the court dogs from wandering in ancient times.

Coat[edit]

All breed standards allow a wide range of color combinations. The majority of Pekingese are gold, red or sable. Cream, black, white, tan, black-and-tan and occasionally ‘blue’ or slate grey have appeared in the breed. The latter often has poor pigment and light eyes. Albino Pekingese (white with pink eyes) should not be bred due to health problems associated with albinism.

A black mask or a self-colored face is equally acceptable in show dogs. Regardless of coat color, the exposed skin of the muzzle, nose, lips and eye rims is black. Due to heavy shedding and to prevent mats, this double-coated breed requires frequent extensive grooming.

Pekingese weigh from 7 to 14 lb (3.2 to 6.4 kg) and stand about 6–9 inches (15–23 cm) at the withers; however, they can be smaller. These smaller Pekingese are commonly referred to as «sleeve» Pekingese or just «sleeves». The name is taken from ancient times, when emperors would carry the smallest of the breed in their sleeves. A Pekingese over 14 lbs. is disqualified in the show ring.

The Pekingese is slightly longer than tall when measured from the forechest to the rear. The overall outline is an approximate ratio of 3 high to 5 long.

Health[edit]

The Pekingese has a median lifespan of 11.4 years in a UK Kennel Club survey.^[2]

The leading cause of death for Pekingese, as for many other Toy breeds, is trauma.^[3] Primary health concerns include neurological and cardiovascular defects,^[3] e.g., congestive heart failure. When diagnosed early and successfully treated with medication, a Pekingese with this condition can live many years. A heart murmur is a potential indicator, and must be evaluated by a veterinary cardiologist. Often the murmur does not surface until the dog is six years old, so it is difficult to screen in a puppy.

As a result of breeding for an increasingly flattened face, its brachycephaly can lead to health issues in some Pekingese. Therefore other potential concerns in the breed are eye issues and breathing problems, resulting from its tiny skull and flattened face. Furthermore, skin allergies (including hotspots) and eye ulcers may develop spontaneously. Pekingese may also develop keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) progressive retinal atrophy,^[4] along with glaucoma, in which buildup of ocular fluid places pressure on the eye, resulting in drainage. Improper development of the eye’s filtration angles is the leading cause.^[5]

The Pekingese must be kept indoors, as their flattened faces and nasal structure can cause them to develop breathing problems, making it difficult for them to regulate their body temperature in hot weather. Their long spines, relative to their legs, make them vulnerable to back injuries. Care should be taken when picking them up to give adequate support to the back: one hand under the chest, the other under the abdomen. As an achondroplasiac breed, some Pekingese find stairs difficult, and older dogs may not be able to go up or down stairs alone. To avoid injury, they should also be discouraged or prevented from leaping from furniture and other heights; pet stairs may be useful to access beds.

In an effort to address potential breathing difficulties caused by the breed’s flat face, the Kennel Club (UK) significantly changed the breed standard in October 2008, removing the clause that the «profile [should be] flat with nose well up between eyes» and adding instead that the «muzzle must be evident».^[6] This was in response to public opinion following the BBC programme, Pedigree Dogs Exposed. The breed standards of two other brachycephalic breeds, the Pug and English Bulldog, were soon also changed.

Care[edit]

Keeping the Pekingese coat healthy and presentable requires daily brushing and a trip to the groomer every 8–12 weeks. Dogs intended as a house pet may be kept in a puppy cut, which requires less maintenance than a show coat. It is important to remove foreign materials from the eyes daily, and clean the creases on the face to prevent sores (hot spots). It is also necessary to keep and maintain the long fur in the rear end (aka the «trousers» or «skirt») clean and well-groomed, as the area is prone to soiling. In cold climates, the trousers may accumulate clumps of snowballs.

Due to their abundance of fur, it is important to keep the Pekingese cool. The breed is prone to have heatstroke when exposed to high temperatures.

Pekingese exercise needs are minimal. Due to their extremely short snouts, they are at a higher risk for breathing difficulties (most notably brachycephalic obstructed airway syndrome).^[7] Because of this, they are rarely capable of more than 30 minutes of exercise per day. It is important to monitor their breathing while exercising, especially if in the heat. If the Pekingese begins wheezing, exercise should cease immediately. After running, they should rest in a cool place until their breathing returns to normal. They must have access to plenty of water before, during, and after exercise to prevent overheating and dehydration.

History[edit]

The breed emerged in China from several kinds of small dog owned by aristocratic families. Unlike the others, it could only be owned by members of the Chinese Imperial Palace.^[8]

During the Second Opium War, in 1860, the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was sacked and set ablaze by a combined Anglo-French expeditionary force, after the Xianfeng Emperor had fled with all of his court members to Chengde.

A British soldier, Captain John Hart Dunne came across a lone pekingese, which he brought back to England. It was the first of the breed to survive the voyage.^[8] He presented her to Queen Victoria, who named it Looty.^[9][10][11]

It is often said that during the sack of the palace grounds, a contingent of British and French troops entered one of the palaces. An elderly aunt of the emperor had remained behind, but when the troops entered the palace she committed suicide. She was found dead with five Pekingese beside her body. They were taken by the troops before the Summer Palace was burnt to the ground.^{[citation needed]} Lord John Hay took a pair, later called Schloff and Hytien, and gave them to his sister, the Duchess of Wellington, wife of Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington. Sir George Fitzroy took another pair, and gave them to his cousins, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond and Gordon. The fifth was the one found by captain Dunne. However the tale has no support from contemporary documents, while both Hay and Fitzroy may well have acquired pekes from some source, they were serving Naval officers expected to stay with their ships guarding the entrance to Beijing.^[12]

The Empress Dowager Cixi presented Pekingese to several Americans, including John Pierpont Morgan and Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, who named it Manchu.

The first Pekingese in Ireland was introduced by Dr. Heuston. He established smallpox vaccination clinics in China. The effect was dramatic. In gratitude, the Chinese minister, Li Hongzhang presented him with a pair of Pekingese. They were named Chang and Lady Li. Dr. Heuston founded the Greystones kennel.^[10]

Around the turn of the century, Pekingese dogs became popular in Western countries. They were owned by such arbiters of fashion as Alexandra of Denmark, wife of Edward VII, and Elsie de Wolfe, popular American interior decorator. Later, they were owned by Rumer Godden, who wrote in her autobiography that «I do not like dogs except very large ones and one or two with such character that they cannot be denied; Pekingese are not dogs but something more»^[13] and by Auberon Waugh, who on one occasion fancifully boasted that one of his dogs shared his love of The Daily Telegraph and hatred for The Sunday Times.^[14]

In recent^[when?] years, their popularity has declined, eclipsed by similar breeds such as the Shih Tzu.^[15] However, in 2021 a Pekingese named Wasabi won the Westminster dog show, the fourth time a Pekingese won Best in Show at Westminster.^[16]

Sleeve Pekingese[edit]

According to the 1948 publication Dogs In Britain, A Description of All Native Breeds and Most Foreign Breeds in Britain by Clifford LB Hubbard, the Sleeve Pekingese is a true miniature of the standard-sized dog, and was also known as the Miniature Pekingese. The name Sleeve Pekingese came from the custom of carrying these small dogs in the capacious sleeves of the robes worn by members of the Chinese Imperial Household. Hubbard indicated that this tradition appeared to be early Italian rather than Chinese, but its adoption by the Chinese Imperial Household led to dogs being bred as small as possible and to practices aimed at stunting their growth: giving puppies rice wine, holding newborns tightly for hours at a time or putting the puppies into tight-fitting wire mesh waistcoats. These practices were apparently forbidden by Dowager Empress Cixi.

In Hubbard’s time, the term Sleeve was applied in Britain to a miniature Pekingese no more than 6–7 pounds in weight, often appearing to be only about 3–4 pounds. Mrs Flander’s Mai Mai weighed only a little over 4 pounds and many other breeders had bred true miniatures of a similar size. He noted that miniatures may appear in a litter bred from full-sized Pekingese and were exhibited in classes for dogs less than 7 pounds at the major dog shows in Britain. In 1946 (when Hubbard wrote his book), the Sleeve Pekingese had a strong following with the most popular colours being cream and white, with white being considered particularly attractive. He illustrated the description with a white Sleeve Pekingese bred by Mrs Aileen Adam.^[17]

Origin myths[edit]

There are two origin stories for the Pekingese.^[8] The more common one is The Lion and the Marmoset:

A lion and a marmoset fell in love, but the lion was too large. The Gods intervened to even up their sizes; in one version of the story they shrank the lion down, in another they enlarged the marmoset. The Pekingese was the result.

The other originating story is The Butterfly Lions:

A lioness fell in love with a butterfly. But they knew the difference in size was too much to overcome. Together they went to see the Buddha, who allowed their size to meet in the middle. From this, the Pekingese came, as brave as a lion yet as dainty as a butterfly.

In popular culture[edit]

• The breed is one of the main contenders in The Awefull Battle of the Pekes and the Pollicles, a humorous poem by T. S. Eliot which was later adapted for the musical Cats.
• In the books and television adaptations of veterinarian James Herriot’s semi-autobiographical All Creatures Great and Small, the spoiled yet good-natured Pekingese Trickie Woo is his favorite patient.
• In Crazy Rich Asians, Goh Peik Lin’s family owns three Pekingese named Astor, Vanderbilt and Rockefeller.

See also[edit]

• Dogs portal
• List of dog breeds
• Lion dance, a dance from China.

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• Godden, Rumer. The Butterfly Lions: The Pekingese in History, legend and Art. Viking. 1977.

External links[edit]

• Pekingese at Curlie

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the dog breed. For the people and other aspects of Beijing culture, see Beijing and Beijingese.

Pekingese
A long-haired Pekingese brushed out and ready for show
Common nicknames	Peke
Origin	China
Kennel club standards China Kennel Union standard Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Pekingese (also spelled Pekinese) is a breed of toy dog, originating in China. The breed was favored by royalty of the Chinese Imperial court as a companion dog, and its name refers to the city of Peking (Beijing) where the Forbidden City is located. The breed has several characteristics and health issues related to its unique appearance. Because of its desirable characteristics, the Pekingese has been part of the development of designer crossbreeds, such as the Peekapoo (crossed with a poodle) and Peke-a-tese (crossed with a Maltese).

Appearance[edit]

Modern breeders and dog show judges seem to prefer the long-haired type over the more traditional spaniel-type coat.

The Pekingese’s flat face and large eyes are some of the breed’s most obvious characteristics. The body is compact and low to the ground. Pekingese also have a muscular and durable body.^[1] The breed’s unusual rolling gait may have been deliberately developed through selective breeding, to prevent the court dogs from wandering in ancient times.

Coat[edit]

All breed standards allow a wide range of color combinations. The majority of Pekingese are gold, red or sable. Cream, black, white, tan, black-and-tan and occasionally ‘blue’ or slate grey have appeared in the breed. The latter often has poor pigment and light eyes. Albino Pekingese (white with pink eyes) should not be bred due to health problems associated with albinism.

A black mask or a self-colored face is equally acceptable in show dogs. Regardless of coat color, the exposed skin of the muzzle, nose, lips and eye rims is black. Due to heavy shedding and to prevent mats, this double-coated breed requires frequent extensive grooming.

Pekingese weigh from 7 to 14 lb (3.2 to 6.4 kg) and stand about 6–9 inches (15–23 cm) at the withers; however, they can be smaller. These smaller Pekingese are commonly referred to as «sleeve» Pekingese or just «sleeves». The name is taken from ancient times, when emperors would carry the smallest of the breed in their sleeves. A Pekingese over 14 lbs. is disqualified in the show ring.

The Pekingese is slightly longer than tall when measured from the forechest to the rear. The overall outline is an approximate ratio of 3 high to 5 long.

Health[edit]

The Pekingese has a median lifespan of 11.4 years in a UK Kennel Club survey.^[2]

The leading cause of death for Pekingese, as for many other Toy breeds, is trauma.^[3] Primary health concerns include neurological and cardiovascular defects,^[3] e.g., congestive heart failure. When diagnosed early and successfully treated with medication, a Pekingese with this condition can live many years. A heart murmur is a potential indicator, and must be evaluated by a veterinary cardiologist. Often the murmur does not surface until the dog is six years old, so it is difficult to screen in a puppy.

As a result of breeding for an increasingly flattened face, its brachycephaly can lead to health issues in some Pekingese. Therefore other potential concerns in the breed are eye issues and breathing problems, resulting from its tiny skull and flattened face. Furthermore, skin allergies (including hotspots) and eye ulcers may develop spontaneously. Pekingese may also develop keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) progressive retinal atrophy,^[4] along with glaucoma, in which buildup of ocular fluid places pressure on the eye, resulting in drainage. Improper development of the eye’s filtration angles is the leading cause.^[5]

The Pekingese must be kept indoors, as their flattened faces and nasal structure can cause them to develop breathing problems, making it difficult for them to regulate their body temperature in hot weather. Their long spines, relative to their legs, make them vulnerable to back injuries. Care should be taken when picking them up to give adequate support to the back: one hand under the chest, the other under the abdomen. As an achondroplasiac breed, some Pekingese find stairs difficult, and older dogs may not be able to go up or down stairs alone. To avoid injury, they should also be discouraged or prevented from leaping from furniture and other heights; pet stairs may be useful to access beds.

In an effort to address potential breathing difficulties caused by the breed’s flat face, the Kennel Club (UK) significantly changed the breed standard in October 2008, removing the clause that the «profile [should be] flat with nose well up between eyes» and adding instead that the «muzzle must be evident».^[6] This was in response to public opinion following the BBC programme, Pedigree Dogs Exposed. The breed standards of two other brachycephalic breeds, the Pug and English Bulldog, were soon also changed.

Care[edit]

Keeping the Pekingese coat healthy and presentable requires daily brushing and a trip to the groomer every 8–12 weeks. Dogs intended as a house pet may be kept in a puppy cut, which requires less maintenance than a show coat. It is important to remove foreign materials from the eyes daily, and clean the creases on the face to prevent sores (hot spots). It is also necessary to keep and maintain the long fur in the rear end (aka the «trousers» or «skirt») clean and well-groomed, as the area is prone to soiling. In cold climates, the trousers may accumulate clumps of snowballs.

Due to their abundance of fur, it is important to keep the Pekingese cool. The breed is prone to have heatstroke when exposed to high temperatures.

Pekingese exercise needs are minimal. Due to their extremely short snouts, they are at a higher risk for breathing difficulties (most notably brachycephalic obstructed airway syndrome).^[7] Because of this, they are rarely capable of more than 30 minutes of exercise per day. It is important to monitor their breathing while exercising, especially if in the heat. If the Pekingese begins wheezing, exercise should cease immediately. After running, they should rest in a cool place until their breathing returns to normal. They must have access to plenty of water before, during, and after exercise to prevent overheating and dehydration.

History[edit]

The breed emerged in China from several kinds of small dog owned by aristocratic families. Unlike the others, it could only be owned by members of the Chinese Imperial Palace.^[8]

During the Second Opium War, in 1860, the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was sacked and set ablaze by a combined Anglo-French expeditionary force, after the Xianfeng Emperor had fled with all of his court members to Chengde.

A British soldier, Captain John Hart Dunne came across a lone pekingese, which he brought back to England. It was the first of the breed to survive the voyage.^[8] He presented her to Queen Victoria, who named it Looty.^[9][10][11]

It is often said that during the sack of the palace grounds, a contingent of British and French troops entered one of the palaces. An elderly aunt of the emperor had remained behind, but when the troops entered the palace she committed suicide. She was found dead with five Pekingese beside her body. They were taken by the troops before the Summer Palace was burnt to the ground.^{[citation needed]} Lord John Hay took a pair, later called Schloff and Hytien, and gave them to his sister, the Duchess of Wellington, wife of Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington. Sir George Fitzroy took another pair, and gave them to his cousins, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond and Gordon. The fifth was the one found by captain Dunne. However the tale has no support from contemporary documents, while both Hay and Fitzroy may well have acquired pekes from some source, they were serving Naval officers expected to stay with their ships guarding the entrance to Beijing.^[12]

The Empress Dowager Cixi presented Pekingese to several Americans, including John Pierpont Morgan and Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, who named it Manchu.

The first Pekingese in Ireland was introduced by Dr. Heuston. He established smallpox vaccination clinics in China. The effect was dramatic. In gratitude, the Chinese minister, Li Hongzhang presented him with a pair of Pekingese. They were named Chang and Lady Li. Dr. Heuston founded the Greystones kennel.^[10]

Around the turn of the century, Pekingese dogs became popular in Western countries. They were owned by such arbiters of fashion as Alexandra of Denmark, wife of Edward VII, and Elsie de Wolfe, popular American interior decorator. Later, they were owned by Rumer Godden, who wrote in her autobiography that «I do not like dogs except very large ones and one or two with such character that they cannot be denied; Pekingese are not dogs but something more»^[13] and by Auberon Waugh, who on one occasion fancifully boasted that one of his dogs shared his love of The Daily Telegraph and hatred for The Sunday Times.^[14]

In recent^[when?] years, their popularity has declined, eclipsed by similar breeds such as the Shih Tzu.^[15] However, in 2021 a Pekingese named Wasabi won the Westminster dog show, the fourth time a Pekingese won Best in Show at Westminster.^[16]

Sleeve Pekingese[edit]

According to the 1948 publication Dogs In Britain, A Description of All Native Breeds and Most Foreign Breeds in Britain by Clifford LB Hubbard, the Sleeve Pekingese is a true miniature of the standard-sized dog, and was also known as the Miniature Pekingese. The name Sleeve Pekingese came from the custom of carrying these small dogs in the capacious sleeves of the robes worn by members of the Chinese Imperial Household. Hubbard indicated that this tradition appeared to be early Italian rather than Chinese, but its adoption by the Chinese Imperial Household led to dogs being bred as small as possible and to practices aimed at stunting their growth: giving puppies rice wine, holding newborns tightly for hours at a time or putting the puppies into tight-fitting wire mesh waistcoats. These practices were apparently forbidden by Dowager Empress Cixi.

In Hubbard’s time, the term Sleeve was applied in Britain to a miniature Pekingese no more than 6–7 pounds in weight, often appearing to be only about 3–4 pounds. Mrs Flander’s Mai Mai weighed only a little over 4 pounds and many other breeders had bred true miniatures of a similar size. He noted that miniatures may appear in a litter bred from full-sized Pekingese and were exhibited in classes for dogs less than 7 pounds at the major dog shows in Britain. In 1946 (when Hubbard wrote his book), the Sleeve Pekingese had a strong following with the most popular colours being cream and white, with white being considered particularly attractive. He illustrated the description with a white Sleeve Pekingese bred by Mrs Aileen Adam.^[17]

Origin myths[edit]

There are two origin stories for the Pekingese.^[8] The more common one is The Lion and the Marmoset:

A lion and a marmoset fell in love, but the lion was too large. The Gods intervened to even up their sizes; in one version of the story they shrank the lion down, in another they enlarged the marmoset. The Pekingese was the result.

The other originating story is The Butterfly Lions:

A lioness fell in love with a butterfly. But they knew the difference in size was too much to overcome. Together they went to see the Buddha, who allowed their size to meet in the middle. From this, the Pekingese came, as brave as a lion yet as dainty as a butterfly.

In popular culture[edit]

• The breed is one of the main contenders in The Awefull Battle of the Pekes and the Pollicles, a humorous poem by T. S. Eliot which was later adapted for the musical Cats.
• In the books and television adaptations of veterinarian James Herriot’s semi-autobiographical All Creatures Great and Small, the spoiled yet good-natured Pekingese Trickie Woo is his favorite patient.
• In Crazy Rich Asians, Goh Peik Lin’s family owns three Pekingese named Astor, Vanderbilt and Rockefeller.

See also[edit]

• Dogs portal
• List of dog breeds
• Lion dance, a dance from China.

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• Godden, Rumer. The Butterfly Lions: The Pekingese in History, legend and Art. Viking. 1977.

External links[edit]

• Pekingese at Curlie

The Pekingese (also spelled Pekinese) is a breed of toy dog, originating in China. Another breed, the Shih Tzu, has its English name derive from the same source as this breed’s Chinese name which translates to «lion dog».

The breed was favored by royalty of the Chinese Imperial court as both a lap dog and companion dog, and its name refers to the city of Peking (Beijing) where the Forbidden City is located. The breed has several characteristics and health issues related to its unique appearance. Because of its desirable characteristics, the Pekingese has been part of the development of designer crossbreeds, such as the Peekapoo (crossed with a poodle) and Peke-a-tese (crossed with a Maltese).

The breed originated in Western China.

Appearance[]

Modern breeders and dog show judges seem to prefer the long-haired type over the more traditional spaniel-type coat.

The Pekingese’s flat face and large eyes are some of the breeds most obvious characteristics. The body is compact and low to the ground. Pekingese also have a muscular and durable body.^[1] The breed’s unusual rolling gait may have been deliberately developed by breeding to prevent the court dogs from wandering in ancient times.

Coat[edit][]

All breed standards allow a wide range of color combinations. The majority of Pekingese are gold, red or sable. Cream, black, white, tan, black and tan and occasionally ‘blue’ or slate grey have appeared in the breed. The latter often has poor pigment and light eyes. Albino Pekingese (white with pink eyes) should be bred cautiously due to health problems that have been associated with albinism. The Pekingese sheds a lot.

A black mask or a self-colored face is equally acceptable in show dogs. Regardless of coat color, the exposed skin of the muzzle, nose, lips and eye rims is black. They require a lot of grooming.

Sable Pekingese

A Pekingese profile, 15 y.o.

The Pekingese weigh from 7 to 14 lb (3.2 to 6.4 kg) and stand about 6–9 inches (15–23 cm) at the withers, however they can sometimes be smaller. These smaller Pekingese are commonly referred to as «Sleeve» Pekingese or just «Sleeves». The name is taken from ancient times, when emperors would carry the smallest of the breed in their sleeves. A Pekingese over 15 pounds is disqualified in the show ring.

The Pekingese is slightly longer than tall when measured from the forechest to the buttocks. The overall outline is an approximate ratio of 3 high to 5 long.

Health[]

The Pekingese has a median lifespan of 11.4 years in a UK Kennel Club survey.^[2]

The leading cause of death for Pekingese, as for many other Toy breeds, is trauma.^[3] Top leading causes of organ systems include neurologic and cardiovascular,^[3] e.g., congestive heart failure. When diagnosed early and successfully treated with medication, a Pekingese with this problem can expect to live many years. A heart murmur is a potential sign of a problem, and must be evaluated by a veterinary cardiologist. Very often, the problem does not surface until the dog is 6 or more years old, so it is very difficult to screen the problem in a pup.

The other main problems of the breed are eye issues and breathing problems, resulting from its tiny skull and flattened face, and skin allergies (and hotspots). An especially common problem is eye ulcers, which may develop spontaneously. Pekingese may also develop keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) progressive retinal atrophy^[4], along with glaucoma in which pressure is placed on the eye, leading to fluid drainage in the eye. The leading cause of this is improper development of the eye’s filtration angles.^[5]

The Pekingese should not be kept outside, as having flattened faces and noses can cause them to develop breathing problems, making it difficult for them to regulate their body temperature in overly hot or cold weather. Their long backs, relative to their legs, make them vulnerable to back injuries. Care should be taken when picking them up to give adequate support to the back: one hand under the chest, the other under the abdomen. Short legs give some Pekingese difficulty with stairs; older dogs may not be able to go up or down stairs alone.

In an effort to address the breathing difficulties caused by the breed’s flat face, the Kennel Club (UK) significantly changed the breed standard in October 2008, removing the clause that the «profile [should be] flat with nose well up between eyes» and adding instead that the «muzzle must be evident».^[6] This was in response to public opinion following the BBC programme, Pedigree Dogs Exposed. The breed standards of two other flat-faced breeds, the Pug and English Bulldog, were soon also changed.

Care[]

Keeping the Pekingese coat healthy and presentable requires daily brushing, and a trip to the groomer every 8–12 weeks. One important thing for new owners to remember is that dogs intended as a house pet may be kept in a puppy cut which requires less maintenance than a show cut. It is also important to remove foreign materials from the eyes daily, and the creases on the face to prevent sores (hot spots). It is also necessary to keep and maintain the fur in the buttocks of the Pekingese clean and well groomed as the area is prone to soiling.

Due to their abundance of fur, it is important to keep the Pekingese cool. The breed is prone to have heatstroke when exposed to high temperature for a long time.

Pekingese exercise needs are minimal. Due to their extremely short snouts, they tend to have a high risk for breathing difficulties (most notably Brachycephalic obstructed airway syndrome).^[7] Because of this, around 30 minutes of exercise per day is enough to keep them healthy. It is important to monitor their breathing while exercising, especially if they are in the heat. If the Pekingese begins wheezing, exercise should cease immediately. After running, they should spend time resting in a cool place until their breathing returns to normal. They should also have access to plenty of water before, during, and after exercise to prevent overheating and dehydration.

History[]

The breed originated in China and could only be owned by members of the Chinese Imperial Palace.

During the Second Opium War, in 1860, the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was occupied by a contingent of British and French troops. The Xianfeng Emperor had fled with all of his court to Chengde. However, an elderly aunt of the emperor remained. When the British and French troops entered, she committed suicide. She was found with her five Pekingese. They were removed by the Allies before the Summer Palace was burnt to the ground.^[8]

Lord John Hay took a pair, later called Schloff and Hytien, and gave them to his sister, the Duchess of Wellington, wife of Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington. Sir George Fitzroy took another pair, and gave them to his cousins, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond and Gordon. Lieutenant Dunne presented the fifth Pekingese to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, who named it Looty.^[9][10]

The Empress Dowager Cixi presented Pekingese to several Americans, including John Pierpont Morgan and Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, who named it Manchu.

The first Pekingese in Ireland was introduced by Dr. Heuston. He established smallpox vaccination clinics in China. The effect was dramatic. In gratitude, the Chinese minister, Li Hongzhang presented him with a pair of Pekingese. They were named Chang and Lady Li. Dr. Heuston founded the Greystones kennel.^[10]

Around the turn of the century, Pekingese dogs became popular in Western countries. They were owned by such arbiters of fashion as Alexandra of Denmark (wife of Edward VII), and Elsie de Wolfe, popular American interior decorator. Later, they were owned by Rumer Godden, who wrote in her autobiography that «I do not like dogs except very large ones and one or two with such character that they cannot be denied; Pekingese are not dogs but something more»^[11] and by Auberon Waugh, who on one occasion fancifully boasted that one of his dogs shared his love of The Daily Telegraph and hatred for The Sunday Times.^[12]

In recent years, their popularity has declined, eclipsed by similar breeds such as the Shih Tzu.^[13]

Sleeve Pekingese[]

The breed originated in China and could only be owned by members of the Chinese Imperial Palace.

During the Second Opium War, in 1860, the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was occupied by a contingent of British and French troops. The Xianfeng Emperor had fled with all of his court to Chengde. However, an elderly aunt of the emperor remained. When the British and French troops entered, she committed suicide. She was found with her five Pekingese. They were removed by the Allies before the Summer Palace was burnt to the ground.^[8]

Lord John Hay took a pair, later called Schloff and Hytien, and gave them to his sister, the Duchess of Wellington, wife of Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington. Sir George Fitzroy took another pair, and gave them to his cousins, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond and Gordon. Lieutenant Dunne presented the fifth Pekingese to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, who named it Looty.^[9][10]

The Empress Dowager Cixi presented Pekingese to several Americans, including John Pierpont Morgan and Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, who named it Manchu.

The first Pekingese in Ireland was introduced by Dr. Heuston. He established smallpox vaccination clinics in China. The effect was dramatic. In gratitude, the Chinese minister, Li Hongzhang presented him with a pair of Pekingese. They were named Chang and Lady Li. Dr. Heuston founded the Greystones kennel.^[10]

Around the turn of the century, Pekingese dogs became popular in Western countries. They were owned by such arbiters of fashion as Alexandra of Denmark (wife of Edward VII), and Elsie de Wolfe, popular American interior decorator. Later, they were owned by Rumer Godden, who wrote in her autobiography that «I do not like dogs except very large ones and one or two with such character that they cannot be denied; Pekingese are not dogs but something more»^[11] and by Auberon Waugh, who on one occasion fancifully boasted that one of his dogs shared his love of The Daily Telegraph and hatred for The Sunday Times.^[12]

In recent years, their popularity has declined, eclipsed by similar breeds such as the Shih Tzu.^[13]

[]

There are two origin stories for the Pekingese. The first is the most common, The Lion and the Marmoset:

A lion and a marmoset fell in love. But the lion was too large. The lion went to the Buddha and told him of his woes. The Buddha allowed the lion to shrink down to the size of the marmoset. And the Pekingese was the result.

The second, less-common, originating story is The Butterfly Lions:

A lion fell in love with a butterfly. But the butterfly and lion knew the difference in size was too much to overcome. Together they went to see the Buddha, who allowed their size to meet in the middle. From this, the Pekingese came.^[15]

Another legend says that the breed resulted from the mating of a lion and a monkey, getting its nobleness and coat from the former and its ungainly walk from the latter.

Because the Pekingese was believed to have originated from the Buddha, he was a temple dog. As such, he was not a mere toy. He was made small so that he could go after and destroy little demons that might infest the palace or temple. But his heart was big so that he could destroy even the largest and fiercest. (Barbara Hambly’s novel, Bride of the Rat God, was written from this premise, although Hambly denies knowledge of the legends.)

Gallery[]

The Pekingese (also spelled Pekinese) is a breed of toy dog, originating in China. Another breed, the Shih Tzu, has its English name derive from the same source as this breed’s Chinese name which translates to «lion dog».

The breed was favored by royalty of the Chinese Imperial court as both a lap dog and companion dog, and its name refers to the city of Peking (Beijing) where the Forbidden City is located. The breed has several characteristics and health issues related to its unique appearance. Because of its desirable characteristics, the Pekingese has been part of the development of designer crossbreeds, such as the Peekapoo (crossed with a poodle) and Peke-a-tese (crossed with a Maltese).

The breed originated in Western China.

Appearance[]

Modern breeders and dog show judges seem to prefer the long-haired type over the more traditional spaniel-type coat.

The Pekingese’s flat face and large eyes are some of the breeds most obvious characteristics. The body is compact and low to the ground. Pekingese also have a muscular and durable body.^[1] The breed’s unusual rolling gait may have been deliberately developed by breeding to prevent the court dogs from wandering in ancient times.

Coat[edit][]

All breed standards allow a wide range of color combinations. The majority of Pekingese are gold, red or sable. Cream, black, white, tan, black and tan and occasionally ‘blue’ or slate grey have appeared in the breed. The latter often has poor pigment and light eyes. Albino Pekingese (white with pink eyes) should be bred cautiously due to health problems that have been associated with albinism. The Pekingese sheds a lot.

A black mask or a self-colored face is equally acceptable in show dogs. Regardless of coat color, the exposed skin of the muzzle, nose, lips and eye rims is black. They require a lot of grooming.

Sable Pekingese

A Pekingese profile, 15 y.o.

The Pekingese weigh from 7 to 14 lb (3.2 to 6.4 kg) and stand about 6–9 inches (15–23 cm) at the withers, however they can sometimes be smaller. These smaller Pekingese are commonly referred to as «Sleeve» Pekingese or just «Sleeves». The name is taken from ancient times, when emperors would carry the smallest of the breed in their sleeves. A Pekingese over 15 pounds is disqualified in the show ring.

The Pekingese is slightly longer than tall when measured from the forechest to the buttocks. The overall outline is an approximate ratio of 3 high to 5 long.

Health[]

The Pekingese has a median lifespan of 11.4 years in a UK Kennel Club survey.^[2]

The leading cause of death for Pekingese, as for many other Toy breeds, is trauma.^[3] Top leading causes of organ systems include neurologic and cardiovascular,^[3] e.g., congestive heart failure. When diagnosed early and successfully treated with medication, a Pekingese with this problem can expect to live many years. A heart murmur is a potential sign of a problem, and must be evaluated by a veterinary cardiologist. Very often, the problem does not surface until the dog is 6 or more years old, so it is very difficult to screen the problem in a pup.

The other main problems of the breed are eye issues and breathing problems, resulting from its tiny skull and flattened face, and skin allergies (and hotspots). An especially common problem is eye ulcers, which may develop spontaneously. Pekingese may also develop keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) progressive retinal atrophy^[4], along with glaucoma in which pressure is placed on the eye, leading to fluid drainage in the eye. The leading cause of this is improper development of the eye’s filtration angles.^[5]

The Pekingese should not be kept outside, as having flattened faces and noses can cause them to develop breathing problems, making it difficult for them to regulate their body temperature in overly hot or cold weather. Their long backs, relative to their legs, make them vulnerable to back injuries. Care should be taken when picking them up to give adequate support to the back: one hand under the chest, the other under the abdomen. Short legs give some Pekingese difficulty with stairs; older dogs may not be able to go up or down stairs alone.

In an effort to address the breathing difficulties caused by the breed’s flat face, the Kennel Club (UK) significantly changed the breed standard in October 2008, removing the clause that the «profile [should be] flat with nose well up between eyes» and adding instead that the «muzzle must be evident».^[6] This was in response to public opinion following the BBC programme, Pedigree Dogs Exposed. The breed standards of two other flat-faced breeds, the Pug and English Bulldog, were soon also changed.

Care[]

Keeping the Pekingese coat healthy and presentable requires daily brushing, and a trip to the groomer every 8–12 weeks. One important thing for new owners to remember is that dogs intended as a house pet may be kept in a puppy cut which requires less maintenance than a show cut. It is also important to remove foreign materials from the eyes daily, and the creases on the face to prevent sores (hot spots). It is also necessary to keep and maintain the fur in the buttocks of the Pekingese clean and well groomed as the area is prone to soiling.

Due to their abundance of fur, it is important to keep the Pekingese cool. The breed is prone to have heatstroke when exposed to high temperature for a long time.

Pekingese exercise needs are minimal. Due to their extremely short snouts, they tend to have a high risk for breathing difficulties (most notably Brachycephalic obstructed airway syndrome).^[7] Because of this, around 30 minutes of exercise per day is enough to keep them healthy. It is important to monitor their breathing while exercising, especially if they are in the heat. If the Pekingese begins wheezing, exercise should cease immediately. After running, they should spend time resting in a cool place until their breathing returns to normal. They should also have access to plenty of water before, during, and after exercise to prevent overheating and dehydration.

History[]

The breed originated in China and could only be owned by members of the Chinese Imperial Palace.

During the Second Opium War, in 1860, the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was occupied by a contingent of British and French troops. The Xianfeng Emperor had fled with all of his court to Chengde. However, an elderly aunt of the emperor remained. When the British and French troops entered, she committed suicide. She was found with her five Pekingese. They were removed by the Allies before the Summer Palace was burnt to the ground.^[8]

Lord John Hay took a pair, later called Schloff and Hytien, and gave them to his sister, the Duchess of Wellington, wife of Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington. Sir George Fitzroy took another pair, and gave them to his cousins, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond and Gordon. Lieutenant Dunne presented the fifth Pekingese to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, who named it Looty.^[9][10]

The Empress Dowager Cixi presented Pekingese to several Americans, including John Pierpont Morgan and Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, who named it Manchu.

The first Pekingese in Ireland was introduced by Dr. Heuston. He established smallpox vaccination clinics in China. The effect was dramatic. In gratitude, the Chinese minister, Li Hongzhang presented him with a pair of Pekingese. They were named Chang and Lady Li. Dr. Heuston founded the Greystones kennel.^[10]

Around the turn of the century, Pekingese dogs became popular in Western countries. They were owned by such arbiters of fashion as Alexandra of Denmark (wife of Edward VII), and Elsie de Wolfe, popular American interior decorator. Later, they were owned by Rumer Godden, who wrote in her autobiography that «I do not like dogs except very large ones and one or two with such character that they cannot be denied; Pekingese are not dogs but something more»^[11] and by Auberon Waugh, who on one occasion fancifully boasted that one of his dogs shared his love of The Daily Telegraph and hatred for The Sunday Times.^[12]

In recent years, their popularity has declined, eclipsed by similar breeds such as the Shih Tzu.^[13]

Sleeve Pekingese[]

The breed originated in China and could only be owned by members of the Chinese Imperial Palace.

During the Second Opium War, in 1860, the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was occupied by a contingent of British and French troops. The Xianfeng Emperor had fled with all of his court to Chengde. However, an elderly aunt of the emperor remained. When the British and French troops entered, she committed suicide. She was found with her five Pekingese. They were removed by the Allies before the Summer Palace was burnt to the ground.^[8]

Lord John Hay took a pair, later called Schloff and Hytien, and gave them to his sister, the Duchess of Wellington, wife of Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington. Sir George Fitzroy took another pair, and gave them to his cousins, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond and Gordon. Lieutenant Dunne presented the fifth Pekingese to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, who named it Looty.^[9][10]

The Empress Dowager Cixi presented Pekingese to several Americans, including John Pierpont Morgan and Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, who named it Manchu.

The first Pekingese in Ireland was introduced by Dr. Heuston. He established smallpox vaccination clinics in China. The effect was dramatic. In gratitude, the Chinese minister, Li Hongzhang presented him with a pair of Pekingese. They were named Chang and Lady Li. Dr. Heuston founded the Greystones kennel.^[10]

Around the turn of the century, Pekingese dogs became popular in Western countries. They were owned by such arbiters of fashion as Alexandra of Denmark (wife of Edward VII), and Elsie de Wolfe, popular American interior decorator. Later, they were owned by Rumer Godden, who wrote in her autobiography that «I do not like dogs except very large ones and one or two with such character that they cannot be denied; Pekingese are not dogs but something more»^[11] and by Auberon Waugh, who on one occasion fancifully boasted that one of his dogs shared his love of The Daily Telegraph and hatred for The Sunday Times.^[12]

In recent years, their popularity has declined, eclipsed by similar breeds such as the Shih Tzu.^[13]

[]

There are two origin stories for the Pekingese. The first is the most common, The Lion and the Marmoset:

A lion and a marmoset fell in love. But the lion was too large. The lion went to the Buddha and told him of his woes. The Buddha allowed the lion to shrink down to the size of the marmoset. And the Pekingese was the result.

The second, less-common, originating story is The Butterfly Lions:

A lion fell in love with a butterfly. But the butterfly and lion knew the difference in size was too much to overcome. Together they went to see the Buddha, who allowed their size to meet in the middle. From this, the Pekingese came.^[15]

Another legend says that the breed resulted from the mating of a lion and a monkey, getting its nobleness and coat from the former and its ungainly walk from the latter.

Because the Pekingese was believed to have originated from the Buddha, he was a temple dog. As such, he was not a mere toy. He was made small so that he could go after and destroy little demons that might infest the palace or temple. But his heart was big so that he could destroy even the largest and fiercest. (Barbara Hambly’s novel, Bride of the Rat God, was written from this premise, although Hambly denies knowledge of the legends.)

Gallery[]

Пекинес
Пекинес
Характеристики
Масса	Кобели: до 5 кг Суки: до 5,4 кг[1]
Происхождение
Страна	Китай
Год	более 2000 лет назад
Классификация МКФ
Группа	9
Секция	8
Номер стандарта	207
Пекинес на Викискладе

Пекинес — декоративная порода собак, выведенная в Китае, одна из древнейших пород собак.

Из истории породы

Пекинесы — маленькие пушистые собачки, выведенные в древнем Китае более 2000 лет назад. Само их название происходит от города Пекин. Сами китайцы зовут пекинесов Собачками Фу, а насколько эта порода почитаема в Китае можно судить по неимоверному количеству произведений искусства, изображающих пекинесов. Считалось, что это маленькие духи-охранники, да и внешне пекинесы больше похожи на крошечных львов, чем на собак. Есть древняя китайская легенда о происхождении пекинесов: согласно этой легенде, царь зверей лев в незапамятные времена влюбился в обезьяну и взял её в жёны; родившийся от этого брака детёныш унаследовал забавную внешность матери и гордый характер отца. Кроме этого, пекинесов считали секс-символами, а в честь многих пекинесов императоров назвали улицы и даже спутники планет. Эта царская собачка попала в Европу в 1860 году после того, как англичане захватили Летний дворец в Пекине, тогда пять пекинесов, принадлежащих императору, были увезены в качестве трофеев из женских покоев дворца. До этого никому, кроме членов императорской семьи, не позволялось владеть этой собакой, а того, кто смог ее украсть, ждала смертная казнь. Пекинес впервые был представлен на выставке в Европе в конце XIX века. Первый клуб любителей пекинеса был организован в США в 1909 году.^[2]

Описание

Общий вид

Небольшая, гармонично и плотно сложенная собака.

Окрас

Этой породе уже более 2000 лет, и она мало изменилась за это время. Единственное отличие в том, что современные заводчики пекинесов и судьи на собачьих выставках отдают предпочтение пекинесам с более длинной шерстью, нежели чем с шёрсткой средней длины. Стандарты породы допускают разнообразные окрасы, но самый распространенный — чёрно-рыжий, большинство Вестминстерских пекинов именно этого окраса. Также встречаются чёрные и палевые пекинесы, но самый редкий окрас — белый, он безусловный фаворит на выставках. Мордочка почти всегда у пекинесов чёрная, с глубокими карими глазами. Возможно, когда-то была разводная линия английских голубых пекинесов (то есть визуально серых). Собаки-альбиносы не подходят под стандарт породы.

Размеры

Кобели весят 3,2-5 кг, суки 3,6-5,4 кг. Встречаются и бОльшие особи, вес которых достигает 8, а то и 10 килограмм. Карликовых пекинесов, вопреки бытующему мнению, не существует, но в любом помете может оказаться «карманная» разновидность, вес которой не превышает 2,7 кг.

Голова

Достаточно массивная. Лоб широкий и плоский между ушами, не куполообразный. Глубокий, резкий переход от лба к морде. Глаза широко расставлены. Морда короткая и широкая, вздернутая, с поперечной складкой на переносице и крупной нижней челюстью. Мочка носа черная с широко раскрытыми ноздрями. Профиль курносый, мочка носа на уровне глаз.

Лапы

Относительно крупные, плоские, овальные. Передние лапы ставит с некоторым разметом. Собака твердо стоит на лапах, не оседая на пясти. Отличается хорошо сформированными, крепкими конечностями.

Характер

Пекинес любит напоминать владельцам о своем царственном происхождении и ждет, чтобы его баловали и лелеяли. Но его не назвать хрупкой или изнеженной собакой, он не знает страха и большой затейник. С детьми он обходится мило, но все равно будет считать себя первой персоной в доме и требовать большого внимания, так что эта порода больше подходит семье без детей. Если ему не уделяют внимания и слишком многое запрещают, то он может начать наводить порядок в доме по-своему, даже просто от скуки. Он независим и высокомерен от природы, но если одарит вас своей привязанностью, то вы наверняка оцените его любовь и преданность.

Уход

Шерсть пекинеса нуждается в ежедневном расчесывании мягкой щеткой. Нужно строго следить за здоровьем пекинеса, так как их дыхательный аппарат оставляет желать лучшего (между прочим, как все «курносые» собаки, во сне пекинесы сильно храпят). Следите чтобы собака не переутомлялась от беготни, не находилась в душном помещении и не перегревалась в жаркую погоду. У пекинесов существует специфическое заболевание глаз, которое носит название «хроническая эрозия роговицы». Вначале на роговице глаза возникает почти незаметный дефект и помутнение, которые сопровождаются слезотечением и блефароспазмом (спазм век). Через несколько месяцев вокруг этого дефекта начинают прорастать кровеносные сосуды. Для лечения хронической эрозии роговицы используют препараты йода, антибиотики и витамин А.

См. также

• Пагги

Примечания

Ссылки

1. Портал Пекинес
2. Арушанян З.Л., Как пес стал другом. Часть 3. На нефритовых холмах, Арушанян З.Л., Как пес стал другом. Часть 4. А-Кам – «Адам» всех пекинесов
3. Статья Пекинес на портале Дом и Звери.ру

Маленькие породы собак

Австралийский шелковистый терьер · Аффенпинчер · Бивер-йоркширский терьер · Вест хайленд уайт терьер · Вольпино итальяно · Малые бельгийские собаки · Джек Рассел терьер · Йоркширский терьер · Китайская хохлатая собака · Континентальный той-спаниель · Лхаса апсо · Манчестер терьер · Мальтийская болонка · Норвич терьер · Мопс · Пекинес · Померанский шпиц · Пражский крысарик · Такса · Той-терьер · Цвергпинчер · Цвергшнауцер · Чихуахуа · Ши-тцу Японский хин ·

Порода собак

Пекинес
Длинношерстный пекинес, вычищенный и готовый к выставке
Другие имена	Пекинцы Пекин / Пекинская собака льва Львиная собака китайский спаниель Пельчи Пекинский паластунд 北京犬 宮廷 獅子狗 京巴
Распространенные прозвища	Peke
Происхождение	Китай
Стандарты кинологического клуба China Kennel Union стандарт FCI стандартная
собака (домашняя собака )

пекинес (также пишется пекинес ) — порода из игрушечных собак., происходящее из Китая. Английское название другой породы, Ши-тцу, происходит из того же источника, что и китайское название этой породы, которое переводится как «львиная собака». 67>

Порода была одобрена королевской семьей Китайского Императорского двора как болонка и собака-компаньон, и ее название относится к городу из Пекин (Пекин ), где Запретный город расположены. У породы есть несколько характеристик и проблем со здоровьем, связанных с ее уникальным внешним видом. Из-за своих желаемых характеристик пекинес был частью разработки дизайнерских помесей, таких как Peekapoo (скрещенный с пуделем) и Peke-a-tese (скрещенный с мальтийским ).

Порода возникла в Западном Китае.

Молодые пекинесы Пекинесы

Содержание

• 1 Внешний вид
  • 1.1 Пальто
• 2 Здоровье
• 3 Уход
• 4 История
• 5 Рукавный пекинес
• 6 Легенды
• 7 В популярной культуре
• 8 См. Также
• 9 Ссылки
• 10 Внешние ссылки

Внешний вид

Пекинес с темной шерстью Пекинес Пекинес

Современные заводчики и судьи выставок, похоже, предпочитают длинношерстный тип шерсти более традиционному типу спаниеля.

плоское лицо и большие глаза пекинесов — одни из самых очевидных характеристик породы. Корпус компактный и низкий. Пекинесы также обладают мускулистым и крепким телом. Необычная подвижная походка породы, возможно, была намеренно разработана селекцией, чтобы предотвратить блуждание придворных собак в древние времена.

Пальто

Все стандарты породы допускают широкий диапазон цветовых сочетаний. Большинство пекинесов — золотые, красные или соболиные. Кремовый, черный, белый, подпалый, черно-подпалый и иногда «голубой» или серо-голубой. У последнего часто плохая пигментация и светлые глаза. Пекинес-альбинос (белый с розовыми глазами) следует разводить с осторожностью из-за проблем со здоровьем, связанных с альбинизмом. Пекинес много линяет.

A черная маска или однотонная морда одинаково допустимы для выставочных собак. Независимо от цвета шерсти, открытая кожа морды, носа, губ и краев глаз черная. Они требуют тщательного ухода .

Соболь-пекинес

Пекинесы весят от 7 до 14 фунтов (3,2–6,4 кг) и имеют рост около 6–9 дюймов (15–23 см) в холке., но иногда они могут быть меньше. Этих более мелких пекинесов обычно называют «рукавами» или просто «рукавами». Название взято из древних времен, когда императоры носили в рукавах самых маленьких представителей породы. Пекинес весом более 15 фунтов дисквалифицируется на шоу-ринг.

Пекинес немного длиннее, чем рост, если измерять расстояние от передней части груди до ягодиц. Общий контур — это примерное соотношение трех высоких и пяти длинных.

Здоровье

Средняя продолжительность жизни пекинесов составляет 11,4 года по данным опроса Кеннел-клуба Великобритании.

Основной причиной смерти пекинесов, как и многих других игрушечных пород, является это травма. Основные причины систем органов включают неврологические и сердечно-сосудистые, например застойную сердечную недостаточность. При ранней диагностике и успешном лечении с помощью лекарств пекинес с этой проблемой может прожить много лет. Шум в сердце является потенциальным признаком проблемы и должен быть осмотрен ветеринарным кардиологом. Очень часто проблема не проявляется до тех пор, пока собаке не исполнится 6 и более лет, поэтому выявить проблему у щенка очень сложно.

Другими основными проблемами этой породы являются проблемы с глазами и проблемы с дыханием, вызванные крошечным черепом и приплюснутым лицом, а также кожная аллергия (и горячие точки ). Особенно частая проблема — язвы глаза, которые могут развиваться спонтанно. У пекинеса также может развиться сухой кератоконъюнктивит (сухой глаз) прогрессирующая атрофия сетчатки, а также глаукома, при которой давление на глаз приводит к оттоку жидкости из глаза. Основная причина этого — неправильное развитие углов фильтрации глаза.

Пекинесов нельзя держать на улице, поскольку уплощенные лица и носы могут вызвать у них проблемы с дыханием, что затрудняет регулирование их температура тела в чрезмерно жаркую или холодную погоду. Их длинная спина относительно ног делает их уязвимыми для травм спины. Поднимая их, следует проявлять осторожность, чтобы обеспечить адекватную поддержку спины: одна рука находится под грудью, а другая — под животом. Короткие ноги затрудняют пекинесу подъем по лестнице; пожилые собаки не могут подниматься или спускаться по лестнице в одиночку.

Стремясь решить проблемы с дыханием, вызванные плоской мордой породы, Клуб собаководства (Великобритания) в октябре 2008 года значительно изменил стандарт породы, убрав пункт о том, что «профиль [должен быть] плоским с носом между глазами «и добавив вместо этого, что» морда должна быть очевидна «. Это было ответом на общественное мнение, последовавшее за передачей BBC Разоблачение породистых собак. Стандарты двух других пород с плоским лицом, Мопс и Английский бульдог, вскоре также были изменены.

Уход

Чтобы шерсть пекинеса оставалась здоровой и презентабельной, необходимо ежедневно чистить ее щеткой и ходить к грумеру каждые 8–12 недель. Новым владельцам важно помнить, что собак, предназначенных в качестве домашних питомцев, можно содержать в щенячьей стрижке, которая требует меньшего ухода, чем выставочная стрижка. Также важно ежедневно удалять посторонние предметы с глаз и складок на лице, чтобы предотвратить появление язв (горячих точек ). Также необходимо поддерживать и поддерживать шерсть в ягодицах пекинеса чистой и ухоженной, так как эта область склонна к загрязнению.

Из-за обилия меха пекинесам важно сохранять прохладу. Порода склонна к тепловому удару при длительном воздействии высокой температуры.

Физические нагрузки пекинеса минимальны. Из-за их чрезвычайно короткой морды они, как правило, имеют высокий риск затрудненного дыхания (в первую очередь, синдрома брахицефальной обструкции дыхательных путей). По этой причине около 30 минут упражнений в день достаточно, чтобы поддерживать их здоровье. Во время тренировки важно следить за их дыханием, особенно если они находятся в жару. Если у пекинеса начинается хрипящее дыхание, упражнения следует немедленно прекратить. После бега им следует отдыхать в прохладном месте, пока их дыхание не вернется в норму. У них также должен быть доступ к большому количеству воды до, во время и после тренировки, чтобы предотвратить перегревание и обезвоживание.

История

Пекинес, 1904 год Китайский спаниель, 1903 год Китайский пес хаппа из XIX века, предок современных пекинесов, Зоологический музей Ротшильда, Тринг, Англия

Порода возникла в Китае и могла принадлежать только членам Китайского императорского дворца.

Во время Второй опиумной войны, в 1860 году, Старый Летний дворец Пекин был оккупирован контингентом британских и французских войск. Император Сяньфэн бежал со всем своим двором в Чэндэ. Однако пожилая тётя императора осталась. Когда вошли британские и французские войска, она покончила жизнь самоубийством. Ее нашли со своими пятью пекинесами. Они были удалены союзниками до того, как Летний дворец был сожжен дотла.

лорд Джон Хэй взял пару, позже названную Шлофф и Хитиен, и передал их своей сестре, герцогине Веллингтон, жене Генри Уэлсли, 3-й герцог Веллингтон. Сэр Джордж Фицрой взял еще одну пару и отдал их своим кузенам, герцогу и герцогине Ричмонд и Гордон. лейтенант Данн подарил пятого пекинеса королеве Виктории, которая назвала его Лути.

Вдовствующая императрица Цыси представила пекинеса нескольким американцам, в том числе Джон Пирпонт Морган и Элис Ли Рузвельт Лонгворт, дочь Теодора Рузвельта, который назвал его Маньчжурским.

Первых пекинесов в Ирландии представил доктор Хьюстон. Он основал в Китае центров вакцинации против оспы. Эффект был впечатляющим. В благодарность китайский министр Ли Хунчжан подарил ему пару пекинесов. Их звали Чанг и Леди Ли. Доктор Хьюстон основал Грейстоуны питомник.

Примерно на рубеже веков пекинесские собаки стали популярными в западных странах. Им владели такие арбитры моды, как Александра Датская (жена Эдварда VII ) и Элси де Вулф, популярный американский декоратор интерьеров. Позже они принадлежали Румер Годден, которая писала в своей автобиографии, что «я не люблю собак, кроме очень больших и одной или двух с таким характером, что их нельзя отрицать; Пекинесы — это не собаки, а нечто подробнее »и Обероном Во, который однажды причудливо похвастался, что одна из его собак разделяет его любовь к The Daily Telegraph и ненависть к The Sunday Times.

В В последние годы их популярность снизилась, уступив место появлению схожих пород, таких как ши-тцу.

рукавный пекинес

бело-кремовый пекинес с черной маской

Согласно публикации 1948 года «Собаки в Британии, Описание Все местные и большинство иностранных пород в Британии Клиффорд Л. Б. Хаббард. Рукавный пекинес — настоящая миниатюрная собака стандартного размера, также известная как миниатюрный пекинес. Название «Рукавные пекинесы» произошло от обычая носить этих маленьких собачек в просторных рукавах мантий, которые носили члены Китайского Императорского Дома. Хаббард указал, что эта традиция была скорее итальянской, чем китайской, но ее принятие китайским императорским домом привело к тому, что собак разводили как можно меньше, и к практике, направленной на задержку их роста: давали щенкам рисовое вино, крепко держали новорожденных в течение нескольких часов. за один раз или запихивая щенков в обтягивающие жилетки из проволочной сетки. Эти практики были явно запрещены вдовствующей императрицей Цыси.

Во времена Хаббарда термин «рукав» применялся в Британии к миниатюрным пекинесам весом не более 6–7 фунтов, часто оказавшимся всего около 3–4 фунтов. Mai Mai миссис Фландер весила чуть более 4 фунтов, и многие другие заводчики вывели настоящих миниатюр такого же размера. Он отметил, что миниатюры могут появляться в помете, выведенном из полноразмерных пекинесов, и выставлялись в классах для собак весом менее 7 фунтов на крупных выставках собак в Великобритании. В 1946 году (когда Хаббард написал свою книгу) у рукавов-пекинесов появилось много поклонников: самые популярные цвета — кремовый и белый, причем белый считался особенно привлекательным. Он проиллюстрировал описание белым пекинесом Рукав, выведенным миссис Эйлин Адам.

Легенды

Щенок пекинеса

Есть две истории происхождения пекинеса. Первый — самый распространенный, Лев и Мартышка:

A лев и мартышка полюбили друг друга. Но лев был слишком большим. Лев подошел к Будде и рассказал ему о своих бедах. Будда позволил льву уменьшиться до размеров мартышки. И в результате появился Пекинес.

Вторая, менее распространенная история — «Львы-бабочки»:

Лев влюбился в бабочку. Но бабочка и лев знали, что разницу в размерах невозможно преодолеть. Вместе они пошли увидеть Будду, который позволил их размеру встретиться посередине. Отсюда произошли пекинесы.

Другая легенда гласит, что порода появилась в результате спаривания льва и обезьяны, получив благородство и шерсть от первой, а неуклюжую походку от второй.

Поскольку считалось, что пекинес произошел от Будды, он был храмовой собакой. Таким образом, он был не просто игрушкой. Его сделали маленьким, чтобы он мог преследовать и уничтожать маленьких демонов, которые могли наводнить дворец или храм. Но его сердце было так велико, что он мог уничтожить даже самое большое и жестокое. (Роман Барбары Хэмбли, Невеста Крысиного Бога, был написан на основе этой предпосылки, хотя Хэмбли отрицает знание легенд.)

В популярной культуре

• Пег, из Леди и Бродяга, это пекинес. В ремейке 2019 года она Лхаса Апсо.

• Пекиннес также можно увидеть в фильме Безумно богатые азиаты. Семья Гох Пейк Линь владеет тремя собаками: Астор, Вандербильт и Рокфеллер.

• В «Мемуарах гейши» у миссис Нитта (владелица окиии) есть пекинес.

• В Марии-Антуанетте, одна из ее ин- В законах есть пекинесы, которых они носят с собой.

• Известная британская писательница-романтик Барбара Картленд владела несколькими пекинесами в течение своей почти 100-летней жизни.

См. также

• Пекапу, помесь. Пекинес и пудель
• танец льва танец из Китая, северный танец льва напоминает пекинеса.

Ссылки

Внешние ссылки

На Викискладе есть материалы, связанные с Пекинес.

• Пекинес в Curlie