Как правильно пишется range rover

Перевод:
со всех языков на все языки

Lаnd Rоver является маркой автомобилей (например, как BMW, Ford, Opel и так далее). Среди автомобилей это марки есть такие модели, как Rаngе Rоvеr, Lаnd Rоvеr Frееlandеr, Land Rоvеr Dеfеndеr и Land Rover Discоvеrу. Как видим, и Lаnd Rоvеr и Range Rovеr являются моделями машин концерна Land Rоvеr.

Land Rover является производителем Rаnge Rover, а Range Rover, соответственно, является детищем  Land Rover и представляет собой внедорожник класса «люкс».  Компания Land Rover специализируется на выпуске автомобилей с высокой проходимостью, первые из которых (с одноименным названием Land Rover ) были выпущены в 1947 году. А первый автомобиль Range Rover начал выпускаться в 1970 году.

            

              Land Rover Discovery III                                                          Range Rover

Как расшифровывается Land Rover?

land-rover {имя существительное}

легковой автомобиль «вездеход» {м. р.}

Как переводится на русский Range Rover?

«Rover» с английского переводится как «пират, скиталец, бродяга, странник или разбойник», а «Range» на русский язык переводится не только существительными, а также прилагательными и глаголами. Так «Range» означает «степенный, аккуратный, любящий порядок.

Как переводится Range Rover Evoque?

Range Rover Evoque – это британский внедорожник, имеющий крайне противоречивую репутацию. … Evoque – глагол из французского языка и в переводе на русский означает «вызывать в памяти, заклинать».

Что означает Freelander?

Двигатели претерпели множество доработок и модификаций, увеличена мощность. Наконец-то «Freelander» можно перевести как «выпущенный на свободу». Эта модель остается моделью «на любителя», но сегодня она отличается отличной проходимостью, надежностью и качеством сборки.

В чем разница между Range Rover и Land Rover?

SUV (5‑мест.) Range Rover — полноразмерный полноприводный люксовый внедорожник, выпускаемый компанией Land Rover. Является флагманской моделью компании. … Land Rover увеличил модельный ряд Range Rover, он включает в себя также три отдельных модели: Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover Sport и Range Rover Velar.

Где собирается Land Rover?

Заводы марки расположен не только в Англии, но и в Китае и Индии. Оттуда и поставляются во все страны, где продаются, а продаются они практически по всему миру через сети официальных дилеров. На данный момент компания принадлежит индийскому концерну Tata Motors.

Как пишется правильно Range Rover?

На капоте и багажнике у автомобиля Range Rover Vogue написано “RANGE ROVER”, а на решетке радиатора слева овал с надписью “Land Rover”. И на бортовом компьютере написано “Land Rover”. Лэнд Ровер это английский внедорожник.

Какие бывают Рендж Роверы?

На нашем сайте и в автосалоне «Автобиография Центр» представлены все новые модели автомобилей Land Rover 2020-2021 года и их цена:

• Модный Range Rover Evoque,
• авангардный Range Rover Velar,
• универсальный Discovery.
• и новый Discovery Sport,
• новинка Defender.
• а также шикарные Range Rover.
• и Range Rover Sport.

Что означает слово Evoque?

Land Rover Range Rover Evoque — премиальный компактный кроссовер, производимый компанией Land Rover. Является логическим продолжением концепт-кара Land Rover LRX, дебютировавшего в январе 2008 года в городе Детройт.

Где собирают Range Rover Evoque?

Производство Range Rover Evoque на заводе в Хейлвуде осуществляется в режиме нон-стоп 24 часа в сутки.

Что значит Эвок?

«Эвоки» (англ. Star Wars: Ewoks) — мультсериал, являющийся спин-оффом вселенной Star Wars.

Какой двигатель стоит на Фрилендер 2?

Двигатель 2.2 турбо дизель – это самый популярный двигатель под капотом данного автомобиля, он экономичен и практически не имеет никаких крупных массовых проблем.

Где собирают Land Rover Freelander 2?

И так, внедорожник Ленд Ровер Фрилендер 2 собирают сегодня в трех странах мира: Великобритания (Халвуд) Индия (Пуне) Китай.

Сколько стоит Land Rover Freelander 2?

Цены от 1 363 000 до 2 080 000 руб. Двигатель от 2.0 до 2.2, дизельный и бензиновый. Привод полный. КПП: автоматическая.

Land Rover Range Rover
2016 Land Rover Range Rover Vogue (L405, fourth generation, Australia)
Overview
Manufacturer	British Leyland (1969–1978) Land Rover Ltd. (1978–2012) Jaguar Land Rover (2013–present)
Also called	Range Rover Vogue (1981-2022) Range Rover Autobiography (1994-present) Range Rover First Edition (2022-present)
Production	1969–present
Assembly	United Kingdom: Solihull (Solihull plant) Australia: Enfield[1] (BMC Australia; 1979–1983)
Body and chassis
Class	Full-size luxury 4×4
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive

The Land Rover Range Rover (generally known simply as the Range Rover) is a 4×4 motor car produced by Land Rover, a marque and sub-brand of Jaguar Land Rover. The Range Rover line was launched in 1970 by British Leyland and is now in its fifth generation.

Additional models have been launched under the Range Rover name, including the Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Evoque, and Range Rover Velar.

History[edit]

The Rover Company (originator of the Land Rover marque) was experimenting with a larger model than the Land Rover Series in 1951, when the Rover P4-based two-wheel-drive «Road Rover» project was developed by Gordon Bashford.^[2] This was shelved in 1958 and the idea lay dormant until 1966, when engineers Spen King and Bashford set to work on a new model.^[3]

The first Range Rover prototype was built in 1967 with plate number SYE 157F. The design of the Range Rover was finalised in 1969. Twenty-six Velar-badged engineering development vehicles were built between 1969 and 1970 and were road registered with the number plates YVB151H through to YVB177H.^[4]

Though being chassis no. 3, YVB 153H is believed to have been the first off the production line as a vehicle in that colour was urgently required for marketing. (The Range Rover with chassis no. 1 was a green model with the registration «YVB 151H»,^[5] and is now on exhibition at Huddersfield Land Rover Centre, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire). The Velar name was derived from the Italian «velare» meaning to veil or to cover.^[6] Range Rover development engineer Geof Miller used the name as a decoy for registering pre-production Range Rovers. The Velar company was registered in London and produced 40 pre-production vehicles that were built between 1967 and 1970.^[6]

The Range Rover was launched in 1970. In the early 1970s, the Musée du Louvre in Paris exhibited a Range Rover as an «exemplary work of industrial design».^[7]

In 1971, ex-Cream drummer Ginger Baker used the unproven Range Rover to drive from Algeria to Lagos, Nigeria to set up a recording studio and jam with Fela Kuti. Predating the Paris-Dakar rally the subsequent documentary is replete with such terrain, documenting the vehicle’s endurance.^[8]

In 1972, the British Trans-Americas Expedition became the first vehicle-based expedition to traverse the Americas from north-to-south, including traversing the roadless Darién Gap. The specially modified Range Rovers used for this expedition are now on display in the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust collection at Gaydon, Warwickshire.

Range Rover sub-brands have been launched. In 2004, Land Rover debuted the Range Rover Sport, based on the Land Rover Discovery platform. Later models received the latest Range Rover platform. In 2011 came the Range Rover Evoque, and in 2017 the Range Rover Velar (re-using the name of the very first, pre-production Range Rovers).

Range Rover in North America[edit]

From 1970 until 1987, the Range Rover was only available to American consumers through unofficial grey market import channels.^[9] Its popularity via these imports prompted official U.S. sales to begin on 16 March 1987.^[10] From that time until 1993, the U.S. marketing was all in the name of Range Rover, because it was the only model offered in the American market. In 1993, with the arrival of the Defender 110 and the imminent arrival of the Land Rover Discovery, the company’s U.S. sales were under the name «Land Rover North America».

First generation (1969)[edit]

Range Rover «Classic»
The Range Rover was introduced as a 3-door model in 1969 – a five-door wasn’t added until 1981.
Overview
Production	1969–1996
Assembly	United Kingdom: Solihull (Solihull plant) Australia: Enfield[1]
Body and chassis
Body style	3-door 4×4 5-door 4×4
Chassis	body-on-frame
Related	Land Rover Discovery
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 3.5 L V8 127 hp carburettor 3.5 L V8 155 hp 3.9 L V8 182 hp 4.2 L V8 200 hp Diesel: 2.4 L 112 hp VM turbodiesel 2.5 L 119 hp VM turbodiesel 2.5 L 111 hp 200Tdi turbodiesel 2.5 L 111 hp 300Tdi turbodiesel
Dimensions
Wheelbase	100.0 in (2,540 mm) (standard) 108.0 in (2,743 mm) (Vogue LSE)
Length	175 in (4,445 mm) (SWB) 183 in (4,648 mm) (LWB)
Width	70.1 in (1,781 mm)
Height	70.9 in (1,801 mm) (1970–1980) 70.1 in (1,781 mm) (1980 onwards)

The first-generation Range Rover was produced between 1969 and 1996. It was available only in a 2-door body until 1981. (Before then, 4-door models had been produced by specialist firms).

Unlike other 4x4s such as the Jeep Wagoneer, the original Range Rover was not designed as a luxury vehicle. It was up-market compared to preceding Land Rover models, but the early Range Rovers had fairly basic, utilitarian, interiors with vinyl seats and plastic dashboards that were designed to be washed down with a hose. Convenience features such as power steering, carpeted floors, air conditioning, cloth/leather seats, and wooden interior trim were fitted later.

The Range Rover was a body-on-frame design with a box section ladder type chassis, like the contemporary Series Land Rovers. The Range Rover used coil springs as opposed to leaf springs, permanent four-wheel drive, and four-wheel disc brakes. The Range Rover was originally powered by various Rover V8 engines and diesel engines.

Originally, the Range Rover was fitted with a detuned 127 hp (95 kW) version of the Buick-derived Rover V8 engine. In 1984, the engine was fitted with Lucas fuel injection, boosting power to 155 hp (116 kW). The 3.5-litre (3,528 cc) engine was bored out to a displacement of 3.9 litres (3,947 cc) for the 1990 model year, and 4.2-litre (4,215 cc) in 1992 (1993 model year) for the 108-inch Long Wheelbase Vogue LSE (County LWB [long wheelbase] in North America). One of the first significant changes came in 1981, with the introduction of a four-door body. Shortly after twin thermo fan technology was introduced to reduce significant overheating problems 1970s models experienced in Australia. In 1988, LR introduced a 2.4-litre turbodiesel (badged Vogue Turbo D) with 112 bhp (84 kW), manufactured by Italian VM Motori. The same engine was available in the Rover SD1 passenger car. The diesel project was codenamed project Beaver. During the project, 12 world records were broken, including the fastest diesel off-roader to reach 100 mph (160 km/h), and the furthest a diesel off-roader has travelled in 24 hours. In 1990 project Otter was unveiled. This was a mildly tuned 2.5-litre, 119 bhp (89 kW) version of the ‘Beaver’ 2.4. In 1992, Land Rover finally introduced their own diesel engines in the Range Rover, beginning with the 111 bhp (83 kW) 200TDi, first released in the Land Rover Discovery and following in 1994, the 300 TDi, again with 111 bhp.

The first generation was known as the Range Rover until almost the end of its production when Land Rover introduced the name Range Rover Classic to distinguish it from its successors.^[11] The original model served as the basis for the 1989 introduced 1st generation Discovery (directly based on the standard (short) wheelbase Range Rover), and for the 2nd generation Range Rover, based on the LWB chassis of the Classic.

Australian assembly[edit]

Jaguar-Rover-Australia began assembly of the Range Rover from CKD kits at its Enfield plant, in New South Wales, Australia in 1979. Government increases in the tariff on parts led to the discontinuation of Australian assembly in 1983.^[1]

Utility vehicles[edit]

The first-generation Range Rover served as the base for specialist utility vehicles. These included the Carmichaels International six-wheel Fire Tender. This was a two-door model with an extended chassis and a third «lazy» axle added. Designed for small airfield use, it had a water-pump mounted on the front bumper driven directly by the V8’s crankshaft. The MoD purchased them for the RAF, this version was called the TACR2. Carmichaels was contracted to supply the modified chassis and the fire-fighting body was supplied and mounted by Gloster-Saro. These were four-door versions using an internally mounted water-pump driven by a gearbox PTO. At least one of these (at Duxford IWM) has been converted into a full 6×6 by linking a drive-through unit to the two rear axles’ differentials.

Second generation (1994)[edit]

Range Rover (P38A)
Overview
Production	1994–2002
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door 4×4
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 4.0 L Rover V8 4.6 L Rover V8 Diesel: 2.5 L BMW M51 turbodiesel I6
Transmission	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	108.1 in (2,746 mm)
Length	185.5 in (4,712 mm)
Width	74.4 in (1,890 mm)
Height	71.6 in (1,819 mm)

Twenty-five years after the introduction of the original Range Rover, the second-generation (model-designation P38A) was introduced for the 1995 model year, based on the LWB chassis of the model, with an updated version of the Rover V8 engine or a 2.5-litre BMW six-cylinder turbo-diesel with a Bosch injection pump. This was the first diesel injection with electronic controls in a Land Rover, before common rails were introduced. This was a result of BMW’s subsequent ownership of Rover Group and hence the Land Rover brand.

This model was the last to use the Rover V8 and interior leather supplied by Connolly who went out of business in 2002. It was the first model to feature Satellite Navigation as an option.

Third generation (2001)[edit]

Range Rover (L322)
Overview
Production	2002–2012
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door 4×4
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 4.2 L Jaguar AJ-V8 Supercharged (2005–2009) 4.4 L BMW M62 V8 (2001–2005) 4.4 L Jaguar AJ-V8 (2005–2009) 5.0 L Jaguar AJ-V8 (2010–2012) 5.0 L Jaguar AJ-V8 Supercharged (2009–2012) Diesel: 3.0 L BMW M57 turbodiesel I6 (2001–2006) 3.6 L Ford Lion V8 turbodiesel (2006–2010) 4.4 L Ford TD turbodiesel V8 (2010–2012)
Transmission	5-speed automatic (2001–2005) 6-speed automatic (2005–2012) 8-speed ZF 8HP automatic[12] (2010–2012, only non-NAS markets)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	113.4 in (2,880 mm)
Length	194.9 in (4,950 mm) (2001–2005) 195.7 in (4,971 mm) (since 2006) 195.9 in (4,976 mm)
Width	75.7 in (1,923 mm) (2001–2009) 76.1 in (1,933 mm) (since 2010)
Height	73.3 in (1,862 mm) (2001–2005) 74.9 in (1,902 mm) (2006–2009) 73.9 in (1,877 mm) (since 2010)

In 2001, the third-generation model was introduced,^[13][14] which saw the model move further upmarket. Planned and developed under BMW ownership the third generation shared components and systems (electronics, core power units etc.) with the BMW 7 Series (E38). The 7 Series electronics system was being phased out during the development of the third-generation Range Rover and being replaced with the electronics from the BMW 5 Series (E39).

There were three «Generations» of the L322. First, from 2001 until 2005, was the 4.4 litre M62 BMW V8 with ZF 5HP-24 transmission. (The manual transmission was dropped, leaving only the automatic). Then, from 2006 until 2009 a 4.4-litre Jaguar-derived engine or a 4.2-litre supercharged variant of the Jaguar engine partnered with the ZF 6HP-26 transmission. and thirdly, in 2010 Land Rover fitted the newly-designed AJ133 5.0 N/A and Supercharged engine with ZF 6HP-26 until the 2012 model year, the end of L322 production. (This summary does not give diesel options).

From 2001-2004 the L322 used a standard BMW E39 electrics system. From 2005-2009 the L322 saw an updated Jaguar-derived electrical system with fibre optics and Bluetooth. From 2010-2012 the L322 used updated Jaguar-derived electrics, the first «modern feeling» system, replacing the gear lever with a rotary dial.

In MY06 the first exterior update was applied with a face-lift of the front fascia, tail lamps (orange/red now became red/red), side vents (from two «gills» to three), clear indicator side-repeaters. Some other slight differences can be found on the «Supercharged» variant (rear lamps became clear/clear). The second exterior update was in 2010, bringing an even more modern feel to the L322 with a new fascia, tail lamps, side grills, and clear side markers.

The interiors stayed relatively the same until 2006.5, (NAS 2007). A major change came in 2010: a range of new engines was offered, with 5-litre versions of the petrol V8 in standard and supercharged forms, and revision of the exterior front and rear profiles.

Fourth generation (2012)[edit]

Range Rover (L405)
Overview
Production	2012[15]–2021
Assembly	United Kingdom: Solihull (Solihull plant)
Designer	Gerry McGovern (2006)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door mid-size 4×4 SUV 5-door full-size extended 4×4 SUV
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 3.0 L supercharged V6 3.0 L turbo I6 MHEV 5.0 L V8[16] Diesel: 3.0 L V6 turbodiesel 4.4 L V8 turbodiesel
Transmission	8-speed ZF 8HP automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,922 mm (115.0 in)[16]
Length	4,999 mm (196.8 in)[16]
Width	1,984 mm (78.1 in) (body) 2,073 mm (81.6 in) (mirrors folded)[16]
Height	1,835 mm (72.2 in)[16]

The fourth generation Range Rover, codenamed L405, was exhibited in September 2012 at the 2012 Paris Motor Show.^[17]

It uses an all-aluminium monocoque unitary body structure, instead of the third generation’s steel unibody — making it the first production 4×4 SUV to do so, resulting in a reduction of 420 kg (926 lb) compared to its predecessor.

Hybrid[edit]

The Range Rover Hybrid is diesel-powered hybrid electric model unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. The ordering process began in September 2013, and retail deliveries in Europe were slated to start in early 2014.^[18]

Plug-in Hybrid[edit]

The Range Rover Plug-in Hybrid is petrol-powered PHEV model unveiled at the 2018.

Fifth generation (2022)[edit]

Range Rover (L460)
Overview
Production	2022–present
Assembly	United Kingdom: Solihull (Solihull plant)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door SUV
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 3.0 L turbo I6 MHEV (P360, P400) 4.4 L twin-turbo V8 (P530) Diesel: 3.0 L twin-turbo I6 MHEV (D250, D300, D350) PHEV: 3.0 L turbo I6 PHEV (P440e, P510e)

The fifth generation Range Rover was revealed on 26 October 2021 by the Jaguar Land Rover Chief Creative Officer and the car’s designer, Gerry McGovern, at the Royal Opera House in London.^[19][20][21] As well as two PHEV, three diesel and two petrol JLR 3.0 L Ingenium I6 engine options, the car will be the first from JLR to use an engine developed under the combustion and electrified powertrain partnership agreed between JLR and BMW in 2019, as a 4.4L BMW/JLR V8 engine is also an option.^[22][23] It was launched with a range of mild hybrid diesel and petrol engines, with plug-in hybrids due in early 2022 and an all-electric model in 2024.^[24]

Sales[edit]

The success of Jaguar Land Rover since its formation in 2008 is reflected largely in the rising sales of the Range Rover. In 2009, as a severe recession took hold, just over 22,000 were sold. Four years later, it sold more than twice as many units, with more than 45,000 being sold. By 2015, Range Rover sales worldwide exceeded 60,000.

This table excludes Range Rover Sport, Evoque, and Velar. The total figure is from 2009, excluding those sold prior to that year.

Year	Sales
2009	22,001
2010	23,602
2011	29,626
2012	27,496
2013	45,077
2014	53,738
2015	60,226
2016	55,728
Total	317,494

^[25]

Motorsport[edit]

A Range Rover was used to win the 1979 inaugural and 1981 Paris–Dakar Rally, completing a race distance in each case of approx 10,000 km.^[26] Range Rovers also competed in the East African Safari Rally throughout the 1980s.^[27]

Expanded line[edit]

Range Rover Sport[edit]

On 26 November 2004, Land Rover released the first photographs of the Range Rover Sport, a new model it planned to show to the public for the first time at the 2004 North American International Auto Show. The Range Rover Sport is a production car development of the Range Stormer concept vehicle the company showcased in the 2004 North American International Auto Show. Though called the Range Rover Sport «L320», it was not merely a new specification within the Range Rover line-up, but rather an adapted Discovery «L319», or T5 Platform Discovery/LR3 with Range Rover exterior styling and Range Rover interior seating and dash forms, a shortened wheelbase, smaller luggage capacity and a single rather than split tailgate which was angled back for styling improvements. With entry model pricing close to upper Discovery models, the Sport became the biggest seller of all the Land Rover products. This model was released for sale in late 2004 as a 2004 model.

In 2013 a redesigned version was released for sale as a 2014 model year «L494». Unlike the original and current Discovery, it does not have steel chassis rails, but is based on the new D7u alloy Platform, which much more resembles the current flagship Range Rover with closer equipment levels and capabilities in a smaller body style. Hence the L494 Range Rover Sport is around 400 kg lighter than the previous generation and benefits in performance due to its weight reduction.

Range Rover Evoque[edit]

The Range Rover Evoque, which went into production in July 2011, has its roots in the Land Rover LRX concept car which it resembles. It is available with either a three-door or five-door hatchback body, front-wheel drive or four-wheel drive, and with a 2-litre turbocharged petrol engine or one of two different power output 2.0-litre turbo-diesel engines.

In 2012, at the Geneva Motor Show, Land Rover unveiled a convertible concept, which featured four seats and a drop-down tailgate.^[28]

Range Rover Velar[edit]

Land Rover unveiled a mid-size crossover using the Range Rover name in March 2017. Named the Range Rover Velar, it has a roofline running away on its bodywork and uses the same platform as the Jaguar F-Pace, which serves as the basis for its design.

Advertising[edit]

A song titled «I Found a Place in My Heart» and «Find Your Heaven», co-written by Dom James and Tommy Antonio for Range Rover commercials, is sung by Emma Smith.^[29]

Criticism[edit]

The Range Rover brand has attracted some controversy,^[30] particularly from those concerned with the potential negative environmental impact of large, luxury vehicles. In 2005, members of Greenpeace temporarily disrupted Range Rover production at the Land Rover plant in Solihull.^[31]

In 2004, Spen King criticised owners of off-roaders who drove their vehicles in urban areas, saying that vehicles like the Range Rover he created were «never intended as a status symbol but later incarnations of my design seem to be intended for that purpose.»^[32]

In 2014 it was reported that Range Rovers could be opened and started using hand-held equipment readily available from eBay. High levels of theft led The Times to report that «High-end motor insurers are refusing to cover new Range Rovers in London after a series of thefts.»^[33]

Range Rovers, according to AutoTrader, «can be complicated, costly vehicles, and are loaded with very expensive parts.»^[34] Reliability issues are common complaints.^[35] J.D. Power rankings for the Land Rover are in the lowest category — known as «The Rest» — for quality overall, dependability, sales satisfaction, and customer service, with the cars only earning a «Better than Most» rank in the performance and design overall category.^[36] The Land Rover brand has «a legacy of quality problems» and ranks «at the bottom of the J.D. Power reliability ratings for three-year-old vehicles».^[37] The JD Power 2014 U.S. Customer Service Index (CSI) study ranked Land Rover last in overall customer satisfaction.^[38] However, one Motor Trend review of a 2014 Range Rover after 22,830 miles (36,741 km) turned up only two things that went wrong with the car.^[39] According to an automotive journalist, «Land Rover doesn’t care about JD Power ratings because it doesn’t need to care» since people «still line up for months to pay full sticker.»^[40][41]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Media related to Land Rover Range Rover at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website

Land Rover Range Rover
2016 Land Rover Range Rover Vogue (L405, fourth generation, Australia)
Overview
Manufacturer	British Leyland (1969–1978) Land Rover Ltd. (1978–2012) Jaguar Land Rover (2013–present)
Also called	Range Rover Vogue (1981-2022) Range Rover Autobiography (1994-present) Range Rover First Edition (2022-present)
Production	1969–present
Assembly	United Kingdom: Solihull (Solihull plant) Australia: Enfield[1] (BMC Australia; 1979–1983)
Body and chassis
Class	Full-size luxury 4×4
Layout	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive

The Land Rover Range Rover (generally known simply as the Range Rover) is a 4×4 motor car produced by Land Rover, a marque and sub-brand of Jaguar Land Rover. The Range Rover line was launched in 1970 by British Leyland and is now in its fifth generation.

Additional models have been launched under the Range Rover name, including the Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Evoque, and Range Rover Velar.

History[edit]

The Rover Company (originator of the Land Rover marque) was experimenting with a larger model than the Land Rover Series in 1951, when the Rover P4-based two-wheel-drive «Road Rover» project was developed by Gordon Bashford.^[2] This was shelved in 1958 and the idea lay dormant until 1966, when engineers Spen King and Bashford set to work on a new model.^[3]

The first Range Rover prototype was built in 1967 with plate number SYE 157F. The design of the Range Rover was finalised in 1969. Twenty-six Velar-badged engineering development vehicles were built between 1969 and 1970 and were road registered with the number plates YVB151H through to YVB177H.^[4]

Though being chassis no. 3, YVB 153H is believed to have been the first off the production line as a vehicle in that colour was urgently required for marketing. (The Range Rover with chassis no. 1 was a green model with the registration «YVB 151H»,^[5] and is now on exhibition at Huddersfield Land Rover Centre, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire). The Velar name was derived from the Italian «velare» meaning to veil or to cover.^[6] Range Rover development engineer Geof Miller used the name as a decoy for registering pre-production Range Rovers. The Velar company was registered in London and produced 40 pre-production vehicles that were built between 1967 and 1970.^[6]

The Range Rover was launched in 1970. In the early 1970s, the Musée du Louvre in Paris exhibited a Range Rover as an «exemplary work of industrial design».^[7]

In 1971, ex-Cream drummer Ginger Baker used the unproven Range Rover to drive from Algeria to Lagos, Nigeria to set up a recording studio and jam with Fela Kuti. Predating the Paris-Dakar rally the subsequent documentary is replete with such terrain, documenting the vehicle’s endurance.^[8]

In 1972, the British Trans-Americas Expedition became the first vehicle-based expedition to traverse the Americas from north-to-south, including traversing the roadless Darién Gap. The specially modified Range Rovers used for this expedition are now on display in the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust collection at Gaydon, Warwickshire.

Range Rover sub-brands have been launched. In 2004, Land Rover debuted the Range Rover Sport, based on the Land Rover Discovery platform. Later models received the latest Range Rover platform. In 2011 came the Range Rover Evoque, and in 2017 the Range Rover Velar (re-using the name of the very first, pre-production Range Rovers).

Range Rover in North America[edit]

From 1970 until 1987, the Range Rover was only available to American consumers through unofficial grey market import channels.^[9] Its popularity via these imports prompted official U.S. sales to begin on 16 March 1987.^[10] From that time until 1993, the U.S. marketing was all in the name of Range Rover, because it was the only model offered in the American market. In 1993, with the arrival of the Defender 110 and the imminent arrival of the Land Rover Discovery, the company’s U.S. sales were under the name «Land Rover North America».

First generation (1969)[edit]

Range Rover «Classic»
The Range Rover was introduced as a 3-door model in 1969 – a five-door wasn’t added until 1981.
Overview
Production	1969–1996
Assembly	United Kingdom: Solihull (Solihull plant) Australia: Enfield[1]
Body and chassis
Body style	3-door 4×4 5-door 4×4
Chassis	body-on-frame
Related	Land Rover Discovery
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 3.5 L V8 127 hp carburettor 3.5 L V8 155 hp 3.9 L V8 182 hp 4.2 L V8 200 hp Diesel: 2.4 L 112 hp VM turbodiesel 2.5 L 119 hp VM turbodiesel 2.5 L 111 hp 200Tdi turbodiesel 2.5 L 111 hp 300Tdi turbodiesel
Dimensions
Wheelbase	100.0 in (2,540 mm) (standard) 108.0 in (2,743 mm) (Vogue LSE)
Length	175 in (4,445 mm) (SWB) 183 in (4,648 mm) (LWB)
Width	70.1 in (1,781 mm)
Height	70.9 in (1,801 mm) (1970–1980) 70.1 in (1,781 mm) (1980 onwards)

The first-generation Range Rover was produced between 1969 and 1996. It was available only in a 2-door body until 1981. (Before then, 4-door models had been produced by specialist firms).

Unlike other 4x4s such as the Jeep Wagoneer, the original Range Rover was not designed as a luxury vehicle. It was up-market compared to preceding Land Rover models, but the early Range Rovers had fairly basic, utilitarian, interiors with vinyl seats and plastic dashboards that were designed to be washed down with a hose. Convenience features such as power steering, carpeted floors, air conditioning, cloth/leather seats, and wooden interior trim were fitted later.

The Range Rover was a body-on-frame design with a box section ladder type chassis, like the contemporary Series Land Rovers. The Range Rover used coil springs as opposed to leaf springs, permanent four-wheel drive, and four-wheel disc brakes. The Range Rover was originally powered by various Rover V8 engines and diesel engines.

Originally, the Range Rover was fitted with a detuned 127 hp (95 kW) version of the Buick-derived Rover V8 engine. In 1984, the engine was fitted with Lucas fuel injection, boosting power to 155 hp (116 kW). The 3.5-litre (3,528 cc) engine was bored out to a displacement of 3.9 litres (3,947 cc) for the 1990 model year, and 4.2-litre (4,215 cc) in 1992 (1993 model year) for the 108-inch Long Wheelbase Vogue LSE (County LWB [long wheelbase] in North America). One of the first significant changes came in 1981, with the introduction of a four-door body. Shortly after twin thermo fan technology was introduced to reduce significant overheating problems 1970s models experienced in Australia. In 1988, LR introduced a 2.4-litre turbodiesel (badged Vogue Turbo D) with 112 bhp (84 kW), manufactured by Italian VM Motori. The same engine was available in the Rover SD1 passenger car. The diesel project was codenamed project Beaver. During the project, 12 world records were broken, including the fastest diesel off-roader to reach 100 mph (160 km/h), and the furthest a diesel off-roader has travelled in 24 hours. In 1990 project Otter was unveiled. This was a mildly tuned 2.5-litre, 119 bhp (89 kW) version of the ‘Beaver’ 2.4. In 1992, Land Rover finally introduced their own diesel engines in the Range Rover, beginning with the 111 bhp (83 kW) 200TDi, first released in the Land Rover Discovery and following in 1994, the 300 TDi, again with 111 bhp.

The first generation was known as the Range Rover until almost the end of its production when Land Rover introduced the name Range Rover Classic to distinguish it from its successors.^[11] The original model served as the basis for the 1989 introduced 1st generation Discovery (directly based on the standard (short) wheelbase Range Rover), and for the 2nd generation Range Rover, based on the LWB chassis of the Classic.

Australian assembly[edit]

Jaguar-Rover-Australia began assembly of the Range Rover from CKD kits at its Enfield plant, in New South Wales, Australia in 1979. Government increases in the tariff on parts led to the discontinuation of Australian assembly in 1983.^[1]

Utility vehicles[edit]

The first-generation Range Rover served as the base for specialist utility vehicles. These included the Carmichaels International six-wheel Fire Tender. This was a two-door model with an extended chassis and a third «lazy» axle added. Designed for small airfield use, it had a water-pump mounted on the front bumper driven directly by the V8’s crankshaft. The MoD purchased them for the RAF, this version was called the TACR2. Carmichaels was contracted to supply the modified chassis and the fire-fighting body was supplied and mounted by Gloster-Saro. These were four-door versions using an internally mounted water-pump driven by a gearbox PTO. At least one of these (at Duxford IWM) has been converted into a full 6×6 by linking a drive-through unit to the two rear axles’ differentials.

Second generation (1994)[edit]

Range Rover (P38A)
Overview
Production	1994–2002
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door 4×4
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 4.0 L Rover V8 4.6 L Rover V8 Diesel: 2.5 L BMW M51 turbodiesel I6
Transmission	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	108.1 in (2,746 mm)
Length	185.5 in (4,712 mm)
Width	74.4 in (1,890 mm)
Height	71.6 in (1,819 mm)

Twenty-five years after the introduction of the original Range Rover, the second-generation (model-designation P38A) was introduced for the 1995 model year, based on the LWB chassis of the model, with an updated version of the Rover V8 engine or a 2.5-litre BMW six-cylinder turbo-diesel with a Bosch injection pump. This was the first diesel injection with electronic controls in a Land Rover, before common rails were introduced. This was a result of BMW’s subsequent ownership of Rover Group and hence the Land Rover brand.

This model was the last to use the Rover V8 and interior leather supplied by Connolly who went out of business in 2002. It was the first model to feature Satellite Navigation as an option.

Third generation (2001)[edit]

Range Rover (L322)
Overview
Production	2002–2012
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door 4×4
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 4.2 L Jaguar AJ-V8 Supercharged (2005–2009) 4.4 L BMW M62 V8 (2001–2005) 4.4 L Jaguar AJ-V8 (2005–2009) 5.0 L Jaguar AJ-V8 (2010–2012) 5.0 L Jaguar AJ-V8 Supercharged (2009–2012) Diesel: 3.0 L BMW M57 turbodiesel I6 (2001–2006) 3.6 L Ford Lion V8 turbodiesel (2006–2010) 4.4 L Ford TD turbodiesel V8 (2010–2012)
Transmission	5-speed automatic (2001–2005) 6-speed automatic (2005–2012) 8-speed ZF 8HP automatic[12] (2010–2012, only non-NAS markets)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	113.4 in (2,880 mm)
Length	194.9 in (4,950 mm) (2001–2005) 195.7 in (4,971 mm) (since 2006) 195.9 in (4,976 mm)
Width	75.7 in (1,923 mm) (2001–2009) 76.1 in (1,933 mm) (since 2010)
Height	73.3 in (1,862 mm) (2001–2005) 74.9 in (1,902 mm) (2006–2009) 73.9 in (1,877 mm) (since 2010)

In 2001, the third-generation model was introduced,^[13][14] which saw the model move further upmarket. Planned and developed under BMW ownership the third generation shared components and systems (electronics, core power units etc.) with the BMW 7 Series (E38). The 7 Series electronics system was being phased out during the development of the third-generation Range Rover and being replaced with the electronics from the BMW 5 Series (E39).

There were three «Generations» of the L322. First, from 2001 until 2005, was the 4.4 litre M62 BMW V8 with ZF 5HP-24 transmission. (The manual transmission was dropped, leaving only the automatic). Then, from 2006 until 2009 a 4.4-litre Jaguar-derived engine or a 4.2-litre supercharged variant of the Jaguar engine partnered with the ZF 6HP-26 transmission. and thirdly, in 2010 Land Rover fitted the newly-designed AJ133 5.0 N/A and Supercharged engine with ZF 6HP-26 until the 2012 model year, the end of L322 production. (This summary does not give diesel options).

From 2001-2004 the L322 used a standard BMW E39 electrics system. From 2005-2009 the L322 saw an updated Jaguar-derived electrical system with fibre optics and Bluetooth. From 2010-2012 the L322 used updated Jaguar-derived electrics, the first «modern feeling» system, replacing the gear lever with a rotary dial.

In MY06 the first exterior update was applied with a face-lift of the front fascia, tail lamps (orange/red now became red/red), side vents (from two «gills» to three), clear indicator side-repeaters. Some other slight differences can be found on the «Supercharged» variant (rear lamps became clear/clear). The second exterior update was in 2010, bringing an even more modern feel to the L322 with a new fascia, tail lamps, side grills, and clear side markers.

The interiors stayed relatively the same until 2006.5, (NAS 2007). A major change came in 2010: a range of new engines was offered, with 5-litre versions of the petrol V8 in standard and supercharged forms, and revision of the exterior front and rear profiles.

Fourth generation (2012)[edit]

Range Rover (L405)
Overview
Production	2012[15]–2021
Assembly	United Kingdom: Solihull (Solihull plant)
Designer	Gerry McGovern (2006)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door mid-size 4×4 SUV 5-door full-size extended 4×4 SUV
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 3.0 L supercharged V6 3.0 L turbo I6 MHEV 5.0 L V8[16] Diesel: 3.0 L V6 turbodiesel 4.4 L V8 turbodiesel
Transmission	8-speed ZF 8HP automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,922 mm (115.0 in)[16]
Length	4,999 mm (196.8 in)[16]
Width	1,984 mm (78.1 in) (body) 2,073 mm (81.6 in) (mirrors folded)[16]
Height	1,835 mm (72.2 in)[16]

The fourth generation Range Rover, codenamed L405, was exhibited in September 2012 at the 2012 Paris Motor Show.^[17]

It uses an all-aluminium monocoque unitary body structure, instead of the third generation’s steel unibody — making it the first production 4×4 SUV to do so, resulting in a reduction of 420 kg (926 lb) compared to its predecessor.

Hybrid[edit]

The Range Rover Hybrid is diesel-powered hybrid electric model unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. The ordering process began in September 2013, and retail deliveries in Europe were slated to start in early 2014.^[18]

Plug-in Hybrid[edit]

The Range Rover Plug-in Hybrid is petrol-powered PHEV model unveiled at the 2018.

Fifth generation (2022)[edit]

Range Rover (L460)
Overview
Production	2022–present
Assembly	United Kingdom: Solihull (Solihull plant)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door SUV
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 3.0 L turbo I6 MHEV (P360, P400) 4.4 L twin-turbo V8 (P530) Diesel: 3.0 L twin-turbo I6 MHEV (D250, D300, D350) PHEV: 3.0 L turbo I6 PHEV (P440e, P510e)

The fifth generation Range Rover was revealed on 26 October 2021 by the Jaguar Land Rover Chief Creative Officer and the car’s designer, Gerry McGovern, at the Royal Opera House in London.^[19][20][21] As well as two PHEV, three diesel and two petrol JLR 3.0 L Ingenium I6 engine options, the car will be the first from JLR to use an engine developed under the combustion and electrified powertrain partnership agreed between JLR and BMW in 2019, as a 4.4L BMW/JLR V8 engine is also an option.^[22][23] It was launched with a range of mild hybrid diesel and petrol engines, with plug-in hybrids due in early 2022 and an all-electric model in 2024.^[24]

Sales[edit]

The success of Jaguar Land Rover since its formation in 2008 is reflected largely in the rising sales of the Range Rover. In 2009, as a severe recession took hold, just over 22,000 were sold. Four years later, it sold more than twice as many units, with more than 45,000 being sold. By 2015, Range Rover sales worldwide exceeded 60,000.

This table excludes Range Rover Sport, Evoque, and Velar. The total figure is from 2009, excluding those sold prior to that year.

Year	Sales
2009	22,001
2010	23,602
2011	29,626
2012	27,496
2013	45,077
2014	53,738
2015	60,226
2016	55,728
Total	317,494

^[25]

Motorsport[edit]

A Range Rover was used to win the 1979 inaugural and 1981 Paris–Dakar Rally, completing a race distance in each case of approx 10,000 km.^[26] Range Rovers also competed in the East African Safari Rally throughout the 1980s.^[27]

Expanded line[edit]

Range Rover Sport[edit]

On 26 November 2004, Land Rover released the first photographs of the Range Rover Sport, a new model it planned to show to the public for the first time at the 2004 North American International Auto Show. The Range Rover Sport is a production car development of the Range Stormer concept vehicle the company showcased in the 2004 North American International Auto Show. Though called the Range Rover Sport «L320», it was not merely a new specification within the Range Rover line-up, but rather an adapted Discovery «L319», or T5 Platform Discovery/LR3 with Range Rover exterior styling and Range Rover interior seating and dash forms, a shortened wheelbase, smaller luggage capacity and a single rather than split tailgate which was angled back for styling improvements. With entry model pricing close to upper Discovery models, the Sport became the biggest seller of all the Land Rover products. This model was released for sale in late 2004 as a 2004 model.

In 2013 a redesigned version was released for sale as a 2014 model year «L494». Unlike the original and current Discovery, it does not have steel chassis rails, but is based on the new D7u alloy Platform, which much more resembles the current flagship Range Rover with closer equipment levels and capabilities in a smaller body style. Hence the L494 Range Rover Sport is around 400 kg lighter than the previous generation and benefits in performance due to its weight reduction.

Range Rover Evoque[edit]

The Range Rover Evoque, which went into production in July 2011, has its roots in the Land Rover LRX concept car which it resembles. It is available with either a three-door or five-door hatchback body, front-wheel drive or four-wheel drive, and with a 2-litre turbocharged petrol engine or one of two different power output 2.0-litre turbo-diesel engines.

In 2012, at the Geneva Motor Show, Land Rover unveiled a convertible concept, which featured four seats and a drop-down tailgate.^[28]

Range Rover Velar[edit]

Land Rover unveiled a mid-size crossover using the Range Rover name in March 2017. Named the Range Rover Velar, it has a roofline running away on its bodywork and uses the same platform as the Jaguar F-Pace, which serves as the basis for its design.

Advertising[edit]

A song titled «I Found a Place in My Heart» and «Find Your Heaven», co-written by Dom James and Tommy Antonio for Range Rover commercials, is sung by Emma Smith.^[29]

Criticism[edit]

The Range Rover brand has attracted some controversy,^[30] particularly from those concerned with the potential negative environmental impact of large, luxury vehicles. In 2005, members of Greenpeace temporarily disrupted Range Rover production at the Land Rover plant in Solihull.^[31]

In 2004, Spen King criticised owners of off-roaders who drove their vehicles in urban areas, saying that vehicles like the Range Rover he created were «never intended as a status symbol but later incarnations of my design seem to be intended for that purpose.»^[32]

In 2014 it was reported that Range Rovers could be opened and started using hand-held equipment readily available from eBay. High levels of theft led The Times to report that «High-end motor insurers are refusing to cover new Range Rovers in London after a series of thefts.»^[33]

Range Rovers, according to AutoTrader, «can be complicated, costly vehicles, and are loaded with very expensive parts.»^[34] Reliability issues are common complaints.^[35] J.D. Power rankings for the Land Rover are in the lowest category — known as «The Rest» — for quality overall, dependability, sales satisfaction, and customer service, with the cars only earning a «Better than Most» rank in the performance and design overall category.^[36] The Land Rover brand has «a legacy of quality problems» and ranks «at the bottom of the J.D. Power reliability ratings for three-year-old vehicles».^[37] The JD Power 2014 U.S. Customer Service Index (CSI) study ranked Land Rover last in overall customer satisfaction.^[38] However, one Motor Trend review of a 2014 Range Rover after 22,830 miles (36,741 km) turned up only two things that went wrong with the car.^[39] According to an automotive journalist, «Land Rover doesn’t care about JD Power ratings because it doesn’t need to care» since people «still line up for months to pay full sticker.»^[40][41]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Media related to Land Rover Range Rover at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website

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1
Range Rover

Англо-русский дорожно-транспортный словарь > Range Rover

2
Range Rover

«Рейндж-Ровер», марка большого дорогого автомобиля повышенной проходимости. Пользуется популярностью у состоятельных людей, живущих в сельской местности

США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Range Rover

3
RRR

5) Техника: ( minimum) required rate of return, Raleigh Research Reactor, repairable return rate

9) Сокращение: RAM Rationale Report, Radical Religious Right, Raleigh Research Reactor( North Carolina State College), Range Rover Register, Rayman Raving Rabbids (game), Reading, ‘Riting, ‘Rithmetic, Real Rate of Return, Real Recognizes Real, Recommended Retail Rate, Red Right Returning (nautical navigation), Reduccion del Riesgo Relativo (Spanish: absolute risk reduction), Reduce Reuse Recycle, Regular Rate and Rhythm (normal cardiac physical exam), Relative Risk Ratio, Relative Risk Reduction, Release Readiness Review (software engineering), Release Requirements Review, Religious Radical Right, Remove, Repair & Replace, Required Rate of Return, Requirements Rational Report, Resistor-Reactor Rectifier, Resource Recovery and Recycling, Resource Rent Royalty (Australia), Resource Requisitions Request, Respiration, Rate, and Rhythm (Cardiac examination), Return, Repair and Reshipment, Right-Red-Return (navigation, channel bouy color), Risk Reduction Reports, Ritalin Reading Room, River Regulating Reservoir, Road Runner Relay (fundraising event), Rotors Running Refuel, Routing with Resource Reservation, Royal Rhodesia Regiment, Ruff Ryder Records (record label)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > RRR

4
system

система; установка; устройство; ркт. комплекс

«see to land» system — система посадки с визуальным приземлением

A.S.I. system — система указателя воздушной скорости

automatic pitch control system — автомат тангажа; автоматическая система продольного управления [управления по каналу тангажа]

B.L.C. high-lift system — система управления пограничным слоем для повышения подъёмной силы (крыла)

beam-rider (control, guidance) system — ркт. система наведения по лучу

buddy (refueling, tank) system — (подвесная) автономная система дозаправки топливом в полете

closed(-circuit, -cycle) system — замкнутая система, система с замкнутым контуром или циклом; система с обратной связью

interceptor (directing, vectoring) system — система наведения перехватчиков

open(-circuit, -cycle) system — открытая [незамкнутая] система, система с незамкнутым контуром или циклом; система без обратной связи

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > system

5
LRI

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LRI

6
ARC

7) Военный термин: Accounting Requirements Code, Acquisition Review Committee, Advanced Recon Commandos, Advanced Rotor Concepts, Aeronautical Research Committee, Aeronautical Research Council, Air Rescue Center, Air Reserve Component, Airborne Radio Communications, Airworthiness Requirements Committee, Almost Ready To Cover, American Red Cross, Annual Review Committee, Anti Reflective Coating, Arc Second Raster Chart, Architecture Review Committee, Armored Reconnaissance Carrier, Army Reserve Corps, Army regulations with changes, Attack Retrieve And Capture, Attack Retrieve Capture, Cable Ship, adjusted range correction, advanced reentry concept, advanced research center, air radio communications, ammunition regulating center, annual report of the council, anti-riot cartridge, area coordination review, area of responsibility center, armored car, augmentation research center, automatic range control, АРС

15) Сокращение: Acoustic Research Center , Advanced Re-entry Concept, Agricultural Research Council, Air Reserve Component , Aircraft Radio Corporation, Alcoholic Rehabilitation Center, Allied Research Corp. , Ames Research Center , Annual Reporting Centre, Aramaic, Area Reprogramming Capability, Armada Republica de Colombia , Atlantic Research Corp. , Submarine Cable Repair ship , Ames Research Center

34) Расширение файла: Archive format , Augmentation Research Center

37) Фантастика Advanced Recon Commando, Advanced Reconnaissance Commando

41) NYSE. Atlantic Richfield Company

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ARC

7
LRO

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LRO

8
MER

16) Нефтегазовая техника максимальная интенсивность разработки , максимально эффективный уровень добычи

23) NYSE. Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MER

9
Mer

16) Нефтегазовая техника максимальная интенсивность разработки , максимально эффективный уровень добычи

23) NYSE. Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Mer

10
arc

7) Военный термин: Accounting Requirements Code, Acquisition Review Committee, Advanced Recon Commandos, Advanced Rotor Concepts, Aeronautical Research Committee, Aeronautical Research Council, Air Rescue Center, Air Reserve Component, Airborne Radio Communications, Airworthiness Requirements Committee, Almost Ready To Cover, American Red Cross, Annual Review Committee, Anti Reflective Coating, Arc Second Raster Chart, Architecture Review Committee, Armored Reconnaissance Carrier, Army Reserve Corps, Army regulations with changes, Attack Retrieve And Capture, Attack Retrieve Capture, Cable Ship, adjusted range correction, advanced reentry concept, advanced research center, air radio communications, ammunition regulating center, annual report of the council, anti-riot cartridge, area coordination review, area of responsibility center, armored car, augmentation research center, automatic range control, АРС

15) Сокращение: Acoustic Research Center , Advanced Re-entry Concept, Agricultural Research Council, Air Reserve Component , Aircraft Radio Corporation, Alcoholic Rehabilitation Center, Allied Research Corp. , Ames Research Center , Annual Reporting Centre, Aramaic, Area Reprogramming Capability, Armada Republica de Colombia , Atlantic Research Corp. , Submarine Cable Repair ship , Ames Research Center

34) Расширение файла: Archive format , Augmentation Research Center

37) Фантастика Advanced Recon Commando, Advanced Reconnaissance Commando

41) NYSE. Atlantic Richfield Company

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > arc

11
mer

16) Нефтегазовая техника максимальная интенсивность разработки , максимально эффективный уровень добычи

23) NYSE. Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mer

12
antenna

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > antenna

13
capability

способность; возможность; производительность, мощность

1-hour «turn-around» capability — возможность осуществления одночасового цикла разгрузки, загрузки и обслуживания самолёта (с момента посадки до взлета)

capability of on/off operation — ркт. способность к повторному запуску (двигателя)

look down — shoot down capability — способность атаковать самолёт сверху с задней полусферы

sustained Mach 2.3 capability — способность совершать установившийся полет с числом М-2,3

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > capability

14
RSP

1) Общая лексика: ССБ

17) Порошковая металлургия: БОП

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > RSP

15
rsp

1) Общая лексика: ССБ

17) Порошковая металлургия: БОП

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > rsp

16
vagabond

1. n бродяга

2. n скиталец

3. n проходимец

4. n разг. бездельник, тунеядец; праздношатающийся

5. a бродячий, скитающийся

6. a блуждающий

7. a ленивый, бесцельный, плывущий по течению

8. v скитаться, бродяжничать; блуждать

Синонимический ряд:

1. bohemian (adj.) bohemian; carefree; footloose

2. itinerant (adj.) aimless; ambulant; ambulatory; bum; deambulatory; homeless; itinerant; itinerate; migratory; nomadic; perambulant; perambulatory; peripatetic; roaming; roving; transient; unsettled; vagrant; wandering; wayfaring

3. arab (noun) arab; bum; canter; clochard; derelict; drifter; floater; gypsy; hobo; loafer; outcast; piker; rambler; roadster; rover; runagate; street arab; tramp; tramper; vag; vagrant; wanderer; Weary Willie

4. wander (verb) bat; circumambulate; drift; gad; gallivant; maunder; meander; mooch; ramble; range; roam; roll; rove; straggle; stray; traipse; vagabondize; wander

Антонимический ряд:

citizen; settled

English-Russian base dictionary > vagabond

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characteristic

характеристика; характеристическая кривая; характерный параметр; характеристический; характерный

lift and drag characteristics — величины подъёмной силы и лобового сопротивления; зависимости подъёмной силы и лобового сопротивления

s.f.c. characteristics — характеристики удельного расхода топлива [горючего]

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > characteristic

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model

модель; образец; моделировать

0,16-scale model — модель в 0,16 натуральной величины

have… hours in model — иметь налёт… часов на данном типе (ЛА)

sting(-mounted, -supported) model — модель (установленная) на державке

v.g. model — модель [вариант] с изменяемой геометрией

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > model

Land Rover – английская фирма (автомобили Freelander, Discovery, Defender).

Range Rover – суббренд Land Rover (можно сказать, отдельная модель Land Rover). На капоте и багажнике у автомобиля Range Rover Vogue написано “RANGE ROVER”, а на решетке радиатора слева овал с надписью “Land Rover”. И на бортовом компьютере написано “Land Rover”.

Лэнд Ровер это английский внедорожник. В какой то момент своей истории в компании Лэнд Ровер решили начать выпускать комфортные внедорожники (до этого момента все внедорожники мира представляли из себя по комфорту консервные банки) и решили назвать это отделение Рейндж Ровер. Так появился первый в мире внедорожник с комфортным салоном.