Как правильно пишется тенге

Морфемный разбор слова:

Однокоренные слова к слову:

ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ РАЗБОР СЛОВА «ТЕНГЕ»

В слове тенг е́ :
1. 2 слога (тен-г е́ );
2. ударение падает на 2-й слог: тенг е́

1) Транскрипция слова «тенг е́ »: [т❜и е нг❜ э́ ].

5 букв, 5 звуков

ПРАВИЛА ПРОИЗНОШЕНИЯ 1

Согласные [ш], [ж] и [ц] перед гласным [э] (пишется буква е) произносятся твердо, как и в других положениях. Ср. шест, жест, ц е́ нный (произносится [шэ], [жэ], [ц э́ ]).

§ 37. После мягких согласных в 1-м предударном слоге, кроме гласных [и] и [у] (о них см. §§ 5—13), произносится гласный, средний между [и] и [э]: [и е ]. Этот гласный на письме обозначается буквой е или я.

§ 66. Следующие согласные бывают как твердыми, так и мягкими: [л] и [б], [ф] и [в], [т] и [д], [с] и [з], [м], [р], [л], [н]. Для каждого из этих согласных в русской графике имеется соответствующая буква. Мягкость этих согласных на конце слова обозначается буквой ь. Ср. топ и топь (произносится [топ ❜ ]), экон о́ м и экон о́ мь (произносится [экан о́ м ❜ ]), уд а́ р и уд а́ рь (произносится [уд а́ р ❜ ]), был и быль (произносится [был ❜ ]). Так же обозначается мягкость этих согласных перед согласными: уголк а́ и угольк а́ (произносится [угал ❜ к а́ ]), б а́ нку и б а́ ньку (произносится [б а́ н ❜ ку]), р е́ дко и р е́ дька (произносится [р е́ т ❜ къ]).

Примеры на различение твердых и мягких согласных: топ и топь (произносится [топ ❜ ]), б о́ дро и бёдра (произносится [б ❜ о́ дръ]), граф а́ и граф я́ (произносится [граф ❜ а́ ]), вал и вял (произносится [в ❜ ал]), плот и плоть (произносится [плот ❜ ]), стыд а́ и стыд я́ (произносится [стыд ❜ а́ ]), ос и ось (произносится [ос ❜ ]); гроз а́ и гроз я́ (произносится [граз ❜ а́ ]), вол и вёл (произносится [в ❜ ол]), гроб и грёб (произносится [гр ❜ оп]), стал и сталь (произносится [стал ❜ ]), нос и нёс (произносится [н ❜ ос]), лук и люк (произносится [л ❜ ук]), г о́ рка и г о́ рько (произносится [г о́ р ❜ къ]).

1 Орфоэпический словарь русского языка: Произношение, ударение, грамматические формы / С.Н. Борунова, В.Л. Воронцова, Н.А. Еськова; Под ред. Р.И. Аванесова. — 4-е изд., стер. — М.: Рус. яз., 1988. — 704 с..

Источник

Поиск ответа

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Если Вы видите здесь двусмысленность, можно сказать: Цена указана на одного человека.

Здравствуйте. Скажите, пожалуйста, в приведённых ниже предложениях тире ставится в соответствии с одним и тем же правилом? Или тире в них стоит по разным причинам? 1) Чегемское ущелье – одна из настоящих жемчужин Кабардино-Балкарии. 2) За Скалистым хребтом сохранились древние башни, а в самом конце ущелья возвышается, пожалуй, самая живописная гора Главного Кавказского хребта – Тих тенге н (4611 м), западнее которой находится перевал Твибер (3780 м).

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

В первом случае тире стоит между подлежащим и сказуемым, а во втором – выделяет приложение.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Общепринятого (зафиксированного в словарях русского языка) сокращения слова тенге нет. Какой из множества перечисленных Вами вариантов должен быть установлен в качестве единого общепринятого сокращения, вряд ли вправе решать мы. Лучше всего, на наш взгляд, обратиться с соответствующим запросом в Национальный банк Республики Казахстан. А пока использовать полное слово или код KZT.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Имеется в виду, что 19 лари и 1 900 тенге – одна и та же сумма? Запятая нужна. Запятая ставится перед союзом или в значении «то есть».

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Тенге – существительное мужского рода.

Здравствуйте. Подскажите, пожалуйста, как лучше согласовывать названия единиц измерения в заголовках таблиц с данными, перечисленными ниже? Например, «Выручка, рубли (рубль, рублей, рубля)». Хотелось бы рассмотреть вариант, когда нет возможности сократить название измерителя (например обязательно написать полностью « тенге », а не «тнг», чтобы было понятно читателям). Спасибо!

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Возможные варианты заголовка: Выручка в рублях; выручка, рубли.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Мы не занимаемся созданием рекламных слоганов.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Запятая перед _с окладом_ не требуется.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Верно: _два тенге _, так как слово _ тенге _ мужского рода.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Возможны варианты: _Установить субвенции в размере сто пятьдесят две тысячи тенге _ и _Установить субвенции в размере ста пятидесяти двух тысяч тенге _.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Это слово мужского рода: _два тенге _.

Источник

Поиск ответа

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Если Вы видите здесь двусмысленность, можно сказать: Цена указана на одного человека.

Здравствуйте. Скажите, пожалуйста, в приведённых ниже предложениях тире ставится в соответствии с одним и тем же правилом? Или тире в них стоит по разным причинам? 1) Чегемское ущелье – одна из настоящих жемчужин Кабардино-Балкарии. 2) За Скалистым хребтом сохранились древние башни, а в самом конце ущелья возвышается, пожалуй, самая живописная гора Главного Кавказского хребта – Тих тенге н (4611 м), западнее которой находится перевал Твибер (3780 м).

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

В первом случае тире стоит между подлежащим и сказуемым, а во втором – выделяет приложение.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Общепринятого (зафиксированного в словарях русского языка) сокращения слова тенге нет. Какой из множества перечисленных Вами вариантов должен быть установлен в качестве единого общепринятого сокращения, вряд ли вправе решать мы. Лучше всего, на наш взгляд, обратиться с соответствующим запросом в Национальный банк Республики Казахстан. А пока использовать полное слово или код KZT.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Имеется в виду, что 19 лари и 1 900 тенге – одна и та же сумма? Запятая нужна. Запятая ставится перед союзом или в значении «то есть».

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Тенге – существительное мужского рода.

Здравствуйте. Подскажите, пожалуйста, как лучше согласовывать названия единиц измерения в заголовках таблиц с данными, перечисленными ниже? Например, «Выручка, рубли (рубль, рублей, рубля)». Хотелось бы рассмотреть вариант, когда нет возможности сократить название измерителя (например обязательно написать полностью « тенге », а не «тнг», чтобы было понятно читателям). Спасибо!

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Возможные варианты заголовка: Выручка в рублях; выручка, рубли.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Мы не занимаемся созданием рекламных слоганов.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Запятая перед _с окладом_ не требуется.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Верно: _два тенге _, так как слово _ тенге _ мужского рода.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Возможны варианты: _Установить субвенции в размере сто пятьдесят две тысячи тенге _ и _Установить субвенции в размере ста пятидесяти двух тысяч тенге _.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Это слово мужского рода: _два тенге _.

Источник

Знак казахстанского тенге

Тенге ( Tenge )

Тенге — денежная единица Казахстана. Символ теньге в виде литеры Т с надчеркнутой верхней перекладиной был утвержден в 2007 году. Анекдотичным при этом оказалось то, что этот символ практически ничем не отличается от знака японской почтовой службы, который используется уже более 120 лет.

Запись в HTML ₸
₸ Кодировка UNICODE U + 20B8

Еще раз — полная таблица со всеми знаками валют:

	Универсальное обозначение валюты	Generic currency symbol	¤
Украинская валюта
	Гривна	Украина	Hryvnia	UAH	₴	грн
Основные валюты
	Доллар	США	Dollar	USD	$
	Евро	Евро­пейский Союз	Euro	EUR	€
	Фунт Стерлингов	Велико­британия	Pound Sterling	GBP	£
	Иена	Япония	Yen	JPY	¥	円 圓
	Юань	Китай	Yuán	CNY	¥	元 圓
	Рубль	Россия	Ruble	RUB	₽	руб.
Прочие валюты
	Шекель	Израиль	Sheqel	ILS	₪
	Рупия	Индия	Rupee	INR	₨	Rs Rp ₹
	Вона	Корея	Won	KRW	₩
	Наира	Нигерия	Naira	NGN	₦
	Бат	Таиланд	Baht	THB	฿
	Донг	Вьетнам	Dông	VND	₫
	Кип	Лаос	Kip	LAK	₭
	Риель	Камбоджа	Riel	KHR	៛
	Тугрик	Монголия	Tögrög	MNT	₮
	Песо	Филиппины	Peso	PHP	₱
	Риал	Иран	Rial	IRR	﷼
	Колон	Коста-Рика	Colon	CRC	₡
	Гуарани	Парагвай	Guarani	PYG	₲	G.
	Афгани	Афганистан	Afghani	AFN	؋
	Седи	Гана	Cedi	GHS	₵
	Тенге	Казахстан	Tenge	KZT	₸
	Турецкая лира	Турция	Turkish Lira	TRY	₺	TL
	Манат	Азер­байджан	Manat	AZN	₼
	Лари	Грузия	Lari	GEL	₾	ლ
	Злотый	Польша	Złoty	PLN	Zł
Устаревшие валюты
	ЭКЮ	Евро­пейское Сообщество	ECU	XEU	₠
	Песета	Испания	Peseta	ESP	₧	Pts
	Франк	Франция	Franc	FRF	₣	F
	Лира	Италия	Lira	ITL	₤
	Флорин Гульден	Нидерланды	Florin Gulden	NLG	ƒ
	Драхма	Греция	Drachma	GRD	₯
	Крузейро	Бразилия	Cruzeiro	BRZ	₢	Cr
	Аустрал	Аргентина	Austral	ARA	₳
Производные денежные единицы
	Цент	1 /100 доллара	Cent		¢	c
	Милль	1 /1000 доллара	Mill		₥
	Пфенниг	1 /100 марки	Pfennig		₰
Bitcoin (куда ж без него:) Bitcoin	BTC

Таблица условных обозначений валют

Если у вас вместо символов, обозначающих ту или иную валюту, видны прямоугольники, либо другие непонятные символы, не соответствующие их графическому представлению, показанному в левой колонке — это значит, что на вашем компьютере не устанвлены новые шрифты для поддержки данных обозначений. Ничего страшного.

Источник

KZT Казахстанский тенге

Казахстанский тенге – национальная валюта Казахстана. В оборот была введена в 1993 году. В международном обозначении именуется KZT.

Коды и символы

Каждый значок имеет свой код в системе юникода – начертание подобное tenge sign также функциональный символ Аксис Платформы Линукс, почта Японии и символ псевдографики, однако коды у них отличаются.

История появления тенге

Название денежных знаков пошло от казахского названия средневековых серебряных монет. «Таньга» или «деньге» также дали название русскому слову «деньги». Однако прежде чем утвердить данное наименование рассматривались варианты:

Собственная валюта появилась в Казахстане одной из последних среди всех СНГ государств. Для этого в 1991 году была созвана группа дизайнеров.

Чеканка монет производилась в Германии. Для их изготовления используется особым методом обработанная латунь, а также сплав меди, никеля и цинк – нейзильбер.

Дизайн первых банкнот создавался вручную акварельными красками, темперой и карандашом. Затем эскизы вручную отпечатали в Великобритании в типографии «Харрисон и сыновья», которая впоследствии получила золотой знак Королевы и стала всемирно известной.

После этого на 4 самолетах деньги под большим секретом перевезли в Уральск Понадобилось 18 рейсов для того, чтобы транспортировать все банкноты. В течение 8 дней валюту развезли по банкам Казахстана.

15 ноября 1993 года в банках страны начали производить обмен. В течение 5 дней любой гражданин старше 16 лет мог получить на руки до 200 тенге (100 тыс. рублей, согласно курсу 1993 года).

Банкноты казахстанского тенге

Изначально самой крупной купюрой было 100 тенге. Самой мелкой – 1 тенге. Затем в 1995 году напечатали тысячную купюру, двухтысячную в 96-ом, 5000 тенге вошли в обращение в 1998 году.

После каждой девальвации, выпускали новые банкноты. Первая произошла в 2007 году, тогда из обращения вышли старые деньги. До октября 2016 года действовали купюры новой серии, подготовленной в 2006 году. Тогда самой мелкой банкнотой было 200 тенге, самой крупной – 10 тыс. тенге.

Со временем с купюр пропали изображения лиц, поскольку мусульмане, составляющие большую часть населения, заявляли о том, что это оскорбляет их религиозные чувства. На деньгах стали печатать нейтральные архитектурные памятники или пейзажи Казахстана.

Сейчас в обороте находятся купюры номиналом:

А также монеты: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100.

Современные купюры имеют 18 уровней защиты. Самыми надежными из них являются:

Курс Казахстанского тенге

Курс постоянно изменяется, казахстанский тенге подвержен девальвации. В 2015 году валюта стала одной из трех самых обесценившихся валют стран Европы и СНГ, потеряв 85,2% своей стоимости. В августе 2015 года Казахстан вынужденно перешел к плавающему курсу, в связи и ослаблением китайского юаня и снижение цен на нефть марки Brent.

Текущий курс валюты Центрального Банка России можно посмотреть на странице курсов валют.

Источник

Tenge

Қазақстан теңгесі / Qazaqstan teñgesi (Kazakh) Казахстанский тенге (Russian)
₸5,000 note
ISO 4217
Code	KZT (numeric: 398)
Subunit	0.01
Unit
Plural	The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.
Symbol	₸‎
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	tiyn (тиын)
Banknotes
Freq. used	₸200, ₸500, ₸1,000, ₸2,000, ₸5,000, ₸10,000, ₸20,000
Coins
Freq. used	₸5, ₸10, ₸20, ₸50, ₸100, ₸200
Rarely used	₸1, ₸2
Demographics
User(s)	Kazakhstan
Issuance
Central bank	National Bank of Kazakhstan
Website	www.nationalbank.kz
Printer	Banknote Factory of the National Bank of Kazakhstan
Valuation
Inflation	4.9%[1]
Source	Basic Macroeconomic Indicators on the homepage

The tenge (^[2] or ;^[3] Kazakh: теңге, teñge, Kazakh pronunciation: [ˌtʲeŋˈɡʲe]; sign: ₸ ; code: KZT) is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tiyn (Kazakh: тиын, tıyın also transliterated as tiyin).

History[edit]

After the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, most of the formerly Soviet republics attempted to maintain a common currency. Some politicians hoped to at least maintain «special relations» among former Soviet republics (the «near abroad»). Other reasons were the economic considerations for maintaining the ruble zone. The wish to preserve strong trade relations between former Soviet republics was considered the most important goal.^[4]

The break-up of the Soviet Union was not accompanied by any formal changes in monetary arrangements. The Central Bank of Russia was authorized^{[by whom?]} to take over the State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank) on 1 January 1992. It continued to ship Soviet notes and coins to the central banks of the eleven newly independent countries, which had formerly been the main branches of Gosbank in the republics.

The political situation, however, was not favourable for maintaining a common currency.^[4] Maintaining a common currency requires a strong political consensus in respect to monetary and fiscal targets, a common institution in charge of implementing these targets, and some minimum of common legislation (concerning the banking and foreign-exchange regulations).^{[citation needed]} These conditions were far from being met amidst the turbulent economic and political situation.

During the first half of 1992, there existed a monetary union where 15 independent states all used the ruble. Since it was clear that the situation would not last, each of them was using its position as «free-riders» to issue huge amounts of money in the form of credit.^[5] As a result, some countries were issuing coupons in order to «protect» their markets from buyers from other states. The Russian central bank responded in July 1992 by setting up restrictions to the flow of credit between Russia and other states. The final collapse of the ruble zone began when Russia pulled out with the exchange of banknotes by the Central Bank of Russia on Russian territory at the end of July 1993.

As a result, Kazakhstan and other countries still in the ruble zone were «pushed out».^[5] On November 12, 1993, the President of Kazakhstan issued a decree «On introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan». The tenge was introduced on 15 November 1993 to replace Soviet currency at a rate of T 1 = Rbls 500. In 1991 a «special group» of designers was set up: Mendybay Alin, Timur Suleymenov, Asimsaly Duzelkhanov and Khayrulla Gabzhalilov. Thus November 15 is celebrated as the «Day of National Currency of Republic of Kazakhstan». In 1995 a tenge-printing factory opened in Kazakhstan. The first consignment of tenge banknotes were printed in the United Kingdom and the first coins were struck in Germany. In February 2019, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev signed a bill into law that will remove all Russian captions from future tenge banknotes and coins.^[6]

Etymology[edit]

The word tenge in Kazakh and in most other Turkic languages means a set of scales (cf the old Uzbek tenga or the Tajik borrowed term tanga). The origin of the word is the Mongolic word teng (ᠲᠡᠩ) which means «being equal, balance». The name of this currency is thus similar to the pound, lira, peso, taka, and shekel. The name of the currency is also related to the Russian word for money Russian: деньги/ den’gi, which the Old Russian language borrowed from Turkic sources.^[7]

Symbol[edit]

Originally a simple letter «Т» was used to denote amounts in tenge, this is still recommended when the tenge symbol is not available.^[8] In autumn 2006 the National Bank of Kazakhstan organised a competition for a unique symbol for the currency and received over 30,000 applications.
On March 20, 2007, two days before the Nauryz holiday, the National Bank of Kazakhstan approved a graphical symbol for the tenge: ₸.
On March 29, 2007, the Bank announced two designers from Almaty, Vadim Davydenko and Sanzhar Amirkhanov, as winners for the design of the symbol of the Kazakhstani tenge. They shared a prize of ₸1,000,000 and the title of «parents» of the tenge symbol.^[9]
The character was included in Unicode 5.2.0 (August 2009) at code point U+20B8.^[10]

Coins[edit]

While older coins were struck in Germany, current coins are struck domestically, by the Kazakhstan Mint in Oskemen.

First series (1993)[edit]

In 1993, the first series of coins were introduced in denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tiyin featuring the national arms and were struck in bronze. The coins of T 1, T 3, T 5, T 10, and T 20 were struck in cupro-nickel and depicted stylized and mythical animals. The coins of this period circulated alongside tiyin and low denomination tenge notes of equal value. Tiyin coins were withdrawn as of February 7, 2001 and lost their effect as legal currency as of December 31, 2012.^[11][12]

Image	Denomination	Material	Diameter	Mass	Thickness	Edge	Date of
issue	minting	withdrawal
	2 tiyin	Brass	17.27 mm	2.26 g	1.3 mm	Smooth	1 March 1994	1993	31 December 2012
	5 tiyin
	10 tiyin	19.56 mm	3.48 g	1.6 mm
	20 tiyin	21.87 mm	4.71 g	1.7 mm
	50 tiyin	25 mm	7.43 g	2 mm
	T 1	Alloy of «nickel silver»	17.27 mm	2.26 g	1.3 mm	Smooth	25 October 1995	1 October 2001
	T 3	19.56 mm	3.48 g	1.6 mm
	T 5	21.87 mm	4.71 g	1.7 mm
	T 10	25 mm	7.43 g	2 mm
	T 20	31 mm	11.37 g	Grooved

Second series (1998)[edit]

In 1998, a new series of coins was introduced. After the withdrawal of tiyin denominated coins T 1 became the smallest denomination. T 100 were later introduced in 2002 replacing the equivalent notes. A T 2 coin was introduced in 2005. In 2013 the alloy of lower denomination coins was altered.

Second series coins of the Kazakh tenge (1997–2018)[13]
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of
Diameter	Mass	Thickness	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	minting	issue	withdrawal	lapse
	₸1	15 mm	1.63 g	1.3 mm	Alloy of «nickel silver», yellow color (since 2013 — carbon steel, galvanic coating yellow metal)	Plain	Value	Year, Emblem of Kazakhstan	1997~2018	11 November 1998	Current
	₸2	16 mm	1.84 g	1.3 mm	2005,2006	23 February 2005
	₸5	17.27 mm	2.18 g	1.3 mm	1997~2018	11 November 1998
	₸10	19.56 mm	2.81 g	1.3 mm
	₸20	18.27 mm	2.9 g	1.6 mm	Alloy of «nickel silver», white color (since 2013 — carbon steel and galvanic nickel)	Grooved	Value	Year, Emblem of Kazakhstan	1997~2018	11 November 1998	Current
	₸50	23 mm	4.7 g	1.6 mm
	₸100	24.5 mm	6.65 g	1.95 mm	Inner disk: alloy of «nickel silver», white color Outer disk: alloy of «nibrass», yellow color.	Grooved with the note — «СТО ТЕНГЕ — ЖYЗ ТЕҢГЕ» (one hundred tenge)	2002~2007	1 July 2002
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Third series (2019)[edit]

In 2019, a new series of coins was introduced into circulation, with the same coin specifications and metallic compositions as the second series. But with the inscriptions of the coins now rendered in Latin-based Kazakh instead of Kazakh-based Cyrillic.

The coins were issued as part of the efforts of the presidential decree issued by former President Nursultan Nazarbayev of its transition of switching from a Cyrillic-based alphabet to a Latin-based alphabet and emphasizing Kazakh culture and distance the country from Russian influence. The designs of the coins were approved by Interim President Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev on March 20, 2019. Previously issued coins bearing the Kazakh Cyrillic script will remain legal tender alongside the new Kazakh Latin inscribed coins.
In 2019, the National Bank of Kazakhstan announced the issuance of new ₸200 coins, which were issued into circulation in 2020. This new denomination features inscriptions in Latin-based Kazakh, and like the ₸100 coin, is bi-metallic.^[14]

Third series coins of the Kazakh tenge (2019–present)[15]
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of
Diameter	Mass	Thickness	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	minting	issue	withdrawal	lapse
	₸1	15 mm	1.63 g	1.3 mm	Carbon steel, galvanic coating yellow metal	Plain	Value	Year, Emblem of Kazakhstan	2019~present	26 April 2019	Current
	₸2	16 mm	1.84 g	1.3 mm
	₸5	17.27 mm	2.18 g	1.3 mm
	₸10	19.56 mm	2.81 g	1.3 mm
	₸20	18.27 mm	2.9 g	1.6 mm	Carbon steel and galvanic nickel	Grooved	Value	Year, Emblem of Kazakhstan	2019~present	26 April 2019	Current
	₸50	23 mm	4.7 g	1.6 mm
	₸100	24.5 mm	6.65 g	1.95 mm	Inner disk: alloy of «nickel silver», white color Outer disk: alloy of «nibrass», yellow color.	Grooved with the note — «JÚZ TEŃGE» (one hundred tenge)
	₸200	26 mm	7.5 g	1.9 mm	Aluminium-brass center in copper-nickel ring	Sixteen indentations (‘Spanish flower’) with alterned plain and reeded sections	2020~present	28 January 2020
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Commemorative coins[edit]

Commemorative coins are issued in denominations of ₸20, ₸50, ₸100, ₸500, ₸1,000, ₸2,500, ₸5,000 and ₸10,000. Silver and gold bullion coins exist in denominations of ₸1, ₸2, ₸5, ₸10, ₸20, ₸50 and ₸100. Many of the ₸20 and ₸50 commemoratives are also struck in cupro-nickel and occasionally make it out into general circulation as a side coinage with face value.

Banknotes[edit]

1993 series[edit]

On 15 November 1993, the National Bank of Kazakhstan issued notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tiyn, T 1, T 3, T 5, T 10, T 20, and T 50; T 100 notes followed shortly thereafter. These were followed in 1994 by T 200, T 500, and T 1,000 notes. T 2,000 notes were introduced in 1996, with T 5,000 in 1999 and T 10,000 on 28 July 2003.^[16] Notes currently in circulation are:

• ₸200 — portrait of Al-Farabi
• ₸500 — portrait of Al-Farabi, fragment of Khodzha Akhmet Yassaui mausoleum
• ₸1,000 — portrait of Al-Farabi
• ₸2,000 — portrait of Al-Farabi
• ₸5,000 — portrait of Al-Farabi
• ₸10,000 — portrait of Al-Farabi, image of snow leopard.

The text on the reverse side of the 200 tenge banknote is written in Kazakh, although text on the reverse sides of the other banknotes is written in Russian.

1993 Series
Image	Value	Main Colour	Description	Date
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	issue	annul
		1 tiyn	green	green	value in numeral and Kazakh, unique geometric design background	value in numeral and Kazakh, Kazakhstan coat of arms, unique geometric design background	1993	2001
		2 tiyn	light blue	light blue
		5 tiyn	pink	pink
		10 tiyn	red	red
		20 tiyn	blue, grey	blue
		50 tiyn	brown, yellow	brown
		T 1	blue	light blue	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Geometrical constructions and formulations of Al-Farabi	2012–2018
		T 3	green	bluish green	Portrait of Suinbai Aronuly	Alatau landscape
		T 5	brown	yellow, orange	Portrait of Kurmangazy	Kurmangazy mausoleum
		T 10	green	light green	Portrait of Chokan Ualihanov	Ok Zhetpes mountain
		T 20	brown	light brown	Portrait of Abay Kunanbaev	Illustration of golden eagle with the man, drawn from works of Abay Kunanbaev
		T 50	reddish	light red	Portrait of Abulhair Khan	Rock paintings of Mangistau
		T 100	violet	pink	Portrait of Ablay Khan	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
		T 200	brown, red	yellow, blue	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum	1994
		T 500	dark blue, blue	blue, violet	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
		T 1,000	green, red	green, blue, red	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
		T 2,000	green, blue	green, brown	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum	1996
		T 5,000	brown, violet	brown	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum	1998
		T 10,000	blue	blue, brown	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Snow leopard against a background of mountains	2003

2006 series[edit]

The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a new series of tenge banknotes in 2006. This was not a currency reform as they replaced existing notes at face value.

The 2006 series is far more exotic than its predecessors. The obverse is vertical and the denomination is written in Kazakh. All denominations depict the Astana/Nur-Sultan Bayterek monument, the flag of Kazakhstan, the Coat of arms, the handprint with a signature of president Nursultan Nazarbayev and fragments of the national anthem. The main differences across each denomination are only the colours, denominations and underprint patterns.

On the contrast, the reverse side of the notes are more different. The denomination is written in Russian, and each denomination shows a unique building and geography of Kazakhstan in the outline of its borders.

The first printing of the ₸2,000 and ₸5,000 notes issued in 2006 had misspellings of the word for «bank» (the correct spelling «банкі» bankı was misspelled «*банқі» banqı). The misspelling was a politically sensitive issue due to the cultural and political importance of the Kazakh language.^[17]

On 3 October 2016, the ₸2,000, ₸5,000 and ₸10,000 banknotes of the 2006 series lost their legal tender status and are no longer valid. From 4 October 2016 to 3 October 2017, these notes can be exchanged without commission at any second tier bank and branches of the National Bank of Kazakhstan.^[18]

2006 Series
Image	Value	Main Colour	Description	Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse
		₸200	orange	Nur-Sultan Bayterek monument, Kazakhstan flag, Kazakhstan coat of arms, handprint with a signature of Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, fragments of the national anthem, value in numerals and Kazakh words, issuing bank in Kazakh, inscription in Kazakh stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law	Transport and Communication Ministry and a winged snow leopard on the bridge over River Ishim, outline map of Kazakhstan with Ministry of Defense and the steppes in the background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law	2006–2016[18]
		₸500	blue	Ministry of Finance and Akimat (City Hall) of Astana/Nur-Sultan, outline map of Kazakhstan with gulls over the sea in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
		₸1,000	brown	President Culture Center, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountains in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
		₸2,000	green	Abai Opera House, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountain lake in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
		₸5,000	red	Independence Monument and the Kazakhstan Hotel, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountains in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
		₸10,000	purple	Residence Akorda (presidential palace), outline map of Kazakhstan with canyons in the background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law

2011–2017 series[edit]

The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a new series of tenge banknotes dated 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 in denominations of ₸1,000, ₸2,000, ₸5,000, and ₸10,000.^{[19][20][21][22]} The designs for this series feature the «Kazakh Eli» monument on the front of the notes. On 1 December 2015, a new ₸20,000 banknote was introduced. It contains the issue date of 2013, and is a commemorative note to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the introduction of its national currency, but was not issued until 2015.^[23] In 2017, the National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a ₸500 banknote as part of this series, but has caused controversy over an image of a gull on the reverse side of the note and the image of the Moscow business center in Kazakhstan’s capital of Nur-Sultan.^[24]

2011–2017 Series
Image	Value	Main Color	Description	Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse
[2]	[3]	₸500	Blue	Flag, skyscrapers, «Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «Independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, seagulls	2017
[4]	[5]	₸1,000	Yellow, brown, orange and blue	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, mountains and landscape of the Ustyurt Plateau	2014
[6]	[7]	₸2,000	Green	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), Khan Shatyr tent, pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, Ertis/Irtysh river	2012
[8]	[9]	₸5,000	Red, blue, yellow, and green	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), Palace of Independence, pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, Monument of Independence, Hotel «Kazakhstan» (Almaty/Alma Ata), Zailijsky Alatau ridge of Tjan-Shan mountain range	2011
[10]	[11]	₸10,000	Violet and blue	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), Palace of Independence, pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, Residence Ak Orda (Palace of the President), Astana/Nur-Sultan	2012
[12]	[13]	₸20,000	Blue-gray and violet	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan, Flag of Kazakhstan and the Mangilik El triumphal arch	Outline of Kazakhstan, Residence Ak Orda (Palace of the President) and Government buildings in Astana/Nur-Sultan, arranged in order by the principle of separation of powers, as written in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan	2015[25]

New series with security features 2008[edit]

Since 2008, a number of commemorative designs have been issued, including notes celebrating the 2011 Asian Winter Games hosted in Nur-Sultan. Commemoratives can typically be found in these denominations: ₸1,000, ₸2,000, ₸5,000, and ₸10,000.

Digital tenge[edit]

The National Bank of Kazakhstan publicly released plans to develop a national digital currency.^[26]

Commemorative banknotes[edit]

• T 5,000 (2001)

• 

  5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2001 with overprint to commemorate the tenth anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (front).

• 

  5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2001 with overprint to commemorate the tenth anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (back).

• ₸5,000 (2008)

• 

  5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2008 to commemorate 15 years of the Kazakhstani tenge (front).

• 

  5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2008 to commemorate 15 years of the Kazakhstani tenge (back).

• ₸1,000 (2010)

• 

  1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2010 to commemorate the Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in the OSCE (front).

• 

  1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2010 to commemorate the Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in the OSCE (back).

• ₸1,000 (2011)

• ₸2,000 (2011)

• ₸10,000 (2011)

• 

  10,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (front).

• 

  10,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (back).

• ₸1,000 (2013)

1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2013 to commemorate the «Kul Tigin» – the monument of the Turkic runic writing.

• ₸10,000 (2016)

The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a 10,000 tenge commemorative banknote to commemorate the 25th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union. The commemorative note contains an image of Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev,^[27] and was launched into circulation on the Day of the First President, December 1, 2016.

• ₸20,000 (2021)

The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a 20,000 tenge commemorative banknote to commemorate the 30th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union. The commemorative note features images of the first president of Kazakhstan, «Elbasy» Nursultan Nazarbayev, the Akorda Presidential Palace, a view of the capital city of Nur-Sultan and the official logo for the celebrations. The commemorative note is also the first to feature inscriptions in Kazakh-based Latin instead of Kazakh-based Cyrillic. The commemorative note was issued on December 16, 2021.^[28]

Exchange rates and inflation[edit]

On September 2, 2013, the National Bank of Kazakhstan moved the tenge from a managed float and pegged it to the US dollar and the Russian ruble.^[29]

On February 11, 2014, the Kazakh National Bank chose to devalue the tenge by 19% against the U.S. dollar in response to a weakening of the Russian ruble.^[30]

On August 20, 2015, The Kazakhstan National Bank has done away with the currency band with respect to conversion rate of tenge. Now, the tenge is a free-floating currency and its exchange rate against the major currencies are determined by demand and supply in the market. Due to this change, the tenge lost 30% of its value in a single day.^[31]

Current KZT exchange rates
From Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB EUR JPY
From Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB EUR JPY
From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB EUR JPY
From OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB EUR JPY

Historical average exchange rates^[32]

	USD	EUR	RUB
1999	119.52	130.00	4.82
2000	142.13	134.40	5.05
2001	146.74	132.40	5.04
2002	153.28	144.68	4.89
2003	n/a	168.79	4.87
2004	136.04	169.04	4.72
2005	132.88	165.42	4.70
2006	126.09	158.27	4.64
2007	122.55	167.75	4.79
2008	120.30	177.04	4.86
2009	147.50	205.67	4.66
2010	147.35	195.67	4.85
2011	146.62	204.11	5.00
2012 (Jan)	148.38	191.27	4.73
2014-4-14	182.02	252.72	5.11
2016-9-30	335.64	377.42	5.33

	Annual inflation rate,%[33]
1994	1160.262
1995	60.388
1996	28.763
1997	11.321
1998	1.880
1999	18.095
2000	10.001
2001	6.582
2002	6.686
2003	7.001
2004	7.011
2005	7.868
2006	8.400
2007	18.772
2008	9.484
2009	6.377
2010	7.969
2011	7.429
2012	6.0
2013	5.83
2014	6.72
2015	6.65
2016	14.56
2017	7.43
2018	6.03

See also[edit]

• Economy of Kazakhstan

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Currency exchange rates in Kazakhstan
• News from the National Bank of Kazakhstan
• The banknotes of Kazakhstan (in English and German)
• Coins of Kazakhstan
• Banknotes of Kazakhstan
• Catalog of the coins of Kazakhstan (Numista)
• Kazakhstan Tenge: detailed catalog of banknotes
• Coins of Kazakhstan at CISCoins.net

Tenge

Қазақстан теңгесі / Qazaqstan teñgesi (Kazakh) Казахстанский тенге (Russian)
₸5,000 note
ISO 4217
Code	KZT (numeric: 398)
Subunit	0.01
Unit
Plural	The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.
Symbol	₸‎
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	tiyn (тиын)
Banknotes
Freq. used	₸200, ₸500, ₸1,000, ₸2,000, ₸5,000, ₸10,000, ₸20,000
Coins
Freq. used	₸5, ₸10, ₸20, ₸50, ₸100, ₸200
Rarely used	₸1, ₸2
Demographics
User(s)	Kazakhstan
Issuance
Central bank	National Bank of Kazakhstan
Website	www.nationalbank.kz
Printer	Banknote Factory of the National Bank of Kazakhstan
Valuation
Inflation	4.9%[1]
Source	Basic Macroeconomic Indicators on the homepage

The tenge (^[2] or ;^[3] Kazakh: теңге, teñge, Kazakh pronunciation: [ˌtʲeŋˈɡʲe]; sign: ₸ ; code: KZT) is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tiyn (Kazakh: тиын, tıyın also transliterated as tiyin).

History[edit]

After the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, most of the formerly Soviet republics attempted to maintain a common currency. Some politicians hoped to at least maintain «special relations» among former Soviet republics (the «near abroad»). Other reasons were the economic considerations for maintaining the ruble zone. The wish to preserve strong trade relations between former Soviet republics was considered the most important goal.^[4]

The break-up of the Soviet Union was not accompanied by any formal changes in monetary arrangements. The Central Bank of Russia was authorized^{[by whom?]} to take over the State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank) on 1 January 1992. It continued to ship Soviet notes and coins to the central banks of the eleven newly independent countries, which had formerly been the main branches of Gosbank in the republics.

The political situation, however, was not favourable for maintaining a common currency.^[4] Maintaining a common currency requires a strong political consensus in respect to monetary and fiscal targets, a common institution in charge of implementing these targets, and some minimum of common legislation (concerning the banking and foreign-exchange regulations).^{[citation needed]} These conditions were far from being met amidst the turbulent economic and political situation.

During the first half of 1992, there existed a monetary union where 15 independent states all used the ruble. Since it was clear that the situation would not last, each of them was using its position as «free-riders» to issue huge amounts of money in the form of credit.^[5] As a result, some countries were issuing coupons in order to «protect» their markets from buyers from other states. The Russian central bank responded in July 1992 by setting up restrictions to the flow of credit between Russia and other states. The final collapse of the ruble zone began when Russia pulled out with the exchange of banknotes by the Central Bank of Russia on Russian territory at the end of July 1993.

As a result, Kazakhstan and other countries still in the ruble zone were «pushed out».^[5] On November 12, 1993, the President of Kazakhstan issued a decree «On introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan». The tenge was introduced on 15 November 1993 to replace Soviet currency at a rate of T 1 = Rbls 500. In 1991 a «special group» of designers was set up: Mendybay Alin, Timur Suleymenov, Asimsaly Duzelkhanov and Khayrulla Gabzhalilov. Thus November 15 is celebrated as the «Day of National Currency of Republic of Kazakhstan». In 1995 a tenge-printing factory opened in Kazakhstan. The first consignment of tenge banknotes were printed in the United Kingdom and the first coins were struck in Germany. In February 2019, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev signed a bill into law that will remove all Russian captions from future tenge banknotes and coins.^[6]

Etymology[edit]

The word tenge in Kazakh and in most other Turkic languages means a set of scales (cf the old Uzbek tenga or the Tajik borrowed term tanga). The origin of the word is the Mongolic word teng (ᠲᠡᠩ) which means «being equal, balance». The name of this currency is thus similar to the pound, lira, peso, taka, and shekel. The name of the currency is also related to the Russian word for money Russian: деньги/ den’gi, which the Old Russian language borrowed from Turkic sources.^[7]

Symbol[edit]

Originally a simple letter «Т» was used to denote amounts in tenge, this is still recommended when the tenge symbol is not available.^[8] In autumn 2006 the National Bank of Kazakhstan organised a competition for a unique symbol for the currency and received over 30,000 applications.
On March 20, 2007, two days before the Nauryz holiday, the National Bank of Kazakhstan approved a graphical symbol for the tenge: ₸.
On March 29, 2007, the Bank announced two designers from Almaty, Vadim Davydenko and Sanzhar Amirkhanov, as winners for the design of the symbol of the Kazakhstani tenge. They shared a prize of ₸1,000,000 and the title of «parents» of the tenge symbol.^[9]
The character was included in Unicode 5.2.0 (August 2009) at code point U+20B8.^[10]

Coins[edit]

While older coins were struck in Germany, current coins are struck domestically, by the Kazakhstan Mint in Oskemen.

First series (1993)[edit]

In 1993, the first series of coins were introduced in denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tiyin featuring the national arms and were struck in bronze. The coins of T 1, T 3, T 5, T 10, and T 20 were struck in cupro-nickel and depicted stylized and mythical animals. The coins of this period circulated alongside tiyin and low denomination tenge notes of equal value. Tiyin coins were withdrawn as of February 7, 2001 and lost their effect as legal currency as of December 31, 2012.^[11][12]

Image	Denomination	Material	Diameter	Mass	Thickness	Edge	Date of
issue	minting	withdrawal
	2 tiyin	Brass	17.27 mm	2.26 g	1.3 mm	Smooth	1 March 1994	1993	31 December 2012
	5 tiyin
	10 tiyin	19.56 mm	3.48 g	1.6 mm
	20 tiyin	21.87 mm	4.71 g	1.7 mm
	50 tiyin	25 mm	7.43 g	2 mm
	T 1	Alloy of «nickel silver»	17.27 mm	2.26 g	1.3 mm	Smooth	25 October 1995	1 October 2001
	T 3	19.56 mm	3.48 g	1.6 mm
	T 5	21.87 mm	4.71 g	1.7 mm
	T 10	25 mm	7.43 g	2 mm
	T 20	31 mm	11.37 g	Grooved

Second series (1998)[edit]

In 1998, a new series of coins was introduced. After the withdrawal of tiyin denominated coins T 1 became the smallest denomination. T 100 were later introduced in 2002 replacing the equivalent notes. A T 2 coin was introduced in 2005. In 2013 the alloy of lower denomination coins was altered.

Second series coins of the Kazakh tenge (1997–2018)[13]
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of
Diameter	Mass	Thickness	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	minting	issue	withdrawal	lapse
	₸1	15 mm	1.63 g	1.3 mm	Alloy of «nickel silver», yellow color (since 2013 — carbon steel, galvanic coating yellow metal)	Plain	Value	Year, Emblem of Kazakhstan	1997~2018	11 November 1998	Current
	₸2	16 mm	1.84 g	1.3 mm	2005,2006	23 February 2005
	₸5	17.27 mm	2.18 g	1.3 mm	1997~2018	11 November 1998
	₸10	19.56 mm	2.81 g	1.3 mm
	₸20	18.27 mm	2.9 g	1.6 mm	Alloy of «nickel silver», white color (since 2013 — carbon steel and galvanic nickel)	Grooved	Value	Year, Emblem of Kazakhstan	1997~2018	11 November 1998	Current
	₸50	23 mm	4.7 g	1.6 mm
	₸100	24.5 mm	6.65 g	1.95 mm	Inner disk: alloy of «nickel silver», white color Outer disk: alloy of «nibrass», yellow color.	Grooved with the note — «СТО ТЕНГЕ — ЖYЗ ТЕҢГЕ» (one hundred tenge)	2002~2007	1 July 2002
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Third series (2019)[edit]

In 2019, a new series of coins was introduced into circulation, with the same coin specifications and metallic compositions as the second series. But with the inscriptions of the coins now rendered in Latin-based Kazakh instead of Kazakh-based Cyrillic.

The coins were issued as part of the efforts of the presidential decree issued by former President Nursultan Nazarbayev of its transition of switching from a Cyrillic-based alphabet to a Latin-based alphabet and emphasizing Kazakh culture and distance the country from Russian influence. The designs of the coins were approved by Interim President Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev on March 20, 2019. Previously issued coins bearing the Kazakh Cyrillic script will remain legal tender alongside the new Kazakh Latin inscribed coins.
In 2019, the National Bank of Kazakhstan announced the issuance of new ₸200 coins, which were issued into circulation in 2020. This new denomination features inscriptions in Latin-based Kazakh, and like the ₸100 coin, is bi-metallic.^[14]

Third series coins of the Kazakh tenge (2019–present)[15]
Image	Value	Technical parameters	Description	Date of
Diameter	Mass	Thickness	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	minting	issue	withdrawal	lapse
	₸1	15 mm	1.63 g	1.3 mm	Carbon steel, galvanic coating yellow metal	Plain	Value	Year, Emblem of Kazakhstan	2019~present	26 April 2019	Current
	₸2	16 mm	1.84 g	1.3 mm
	₸5	17.27 mm	2.18 g	1.3 mm
	₸10	19.56 mm	2.81 g	1.3 mm
	₸20	18.27 mm	2.9 g	1.6 mm	Carbon steel and galvanic nickel	Grooved	Value	Year, Emblem of Kazakhstan	2019~present	26 April 2019	Current
	₸50	23 mm	4.7 g	1.6 mm
	₸100	24.5 mm	6.65 g	1.95 mm	Inner disk: alloy of «nickel silver», white color Outer disk: alloy of «nibrass», yellow color.	Grooved with the note — «JÚZ TEŃGE» (one hundred tenge)
	₸200	26 mm	7.5 g	1.9 mm	Aluminium-brass center in copper-nickel ring	Sixteen indentations (‘Spanish flower’) with alterned plain and reeded sections	2020~present	28 January 2020
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Commemorative coins[edit]

Commemorative coins are issued in denominations of ₸20, ₸50, ₸100, ₸500, ₸1,000, ₸2,500, ₸5,000 and ₸10,000. Silver and gold bullion coins exist in denominations of ₸1, ₸2, ₸5, ₸10, ₸20, ₸50 and ₸100. Many of the ₸20 and ₸50 commemoratives are also struck in cupro-nickel and occasionally make it out into general circulation as a side coinage with face value.

Banknotes[edit]

1993 series[edit]

On 15 November 1993, the National Bank of Kazakhstan issued notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tiyn, T 1, T 3, T 5, T 10, T 20, and T 50; T 100 notes followed shortly thereafter. These were followed in 1994 by T 200, T 500, and T 1,000 notes. T 2,000 notes were introduced in 1996, with T 5,000 in 1999 and T 10,000 on 28 July 2003.^[16] Notes currently in circulation are:

• ₸200 — portrait of Al-Farabi
• ₸500 — portrait of Al-Farabi, fragment of Khodzha Akhmet Yassaui mausoleum
• ₸1,000 — portrait of Al-Farabi
• ₸2,000 — portrait of Al-Farabi
• ₸5,000 — portrait of Al-Farabi
• ₸10,000 — portrait of Al-Farabi, image of snow leopard.

The text on the reverse side of the 200 tenge banknote is written in Kazakh, although text on the reverse sides of the other banknotes is written in Russian.

1993 Series
Image	Value	Main Colour	Description	Date
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse	issue	annul
		1 tiyn	green	green	value in numeral and Kazakh, unique geometric design background	value in numeral and Kazakh, Kazakhstan coat of arms, unique geometric design background	1993	2001
		2 tiyn	light blue	light blue
		5 tiyn	pink	pink
		10 tiyn	red	red
		20 tiyn	blue, grey	blue
		50 tiyn	brown, yellow	brown
		T 1	blue	light blue	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Geometrical constructions and formulations of Al-Farabi	2012–2018
		T 3	green	bluish green	Portrait of Suinbai Aronuly	Alatau landscape
		T 5	brown	yellow, orange	Portrait of Kurmangazy	Kurmangazy mausoleum
		T 10	green	light green	Portrait of Chokan Ualihanov	Ok Zhetpes mountain
		T 20	brown	light brown	Portrait of Abay Kunanbaev	Illustration of golden eagle with the man, drawn from works of Abay Kunanbaev
		T 50	reddish	light red	Portrait of Abulhair Khan	Rock paintings of Mangistau
		T 100	violet	pink	Portrait of Ablay Khan	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
		T 200	brown, red	yellow, blue	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum	1994
		T 500	dark blue, blue	blue, violet	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
		T 1,000	green, red	green, blue, red	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum
		T 2,000	green, blue	green, brown	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum	1996
		T 5,000	brown, violet	brown	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Hodja Ahmed Yassavi mausoleum	1998
		T 10,000	blue	blue, brown	Portrait of Al-Farabi	Snow leopard against a background of mountains	2003

2006 series[edit]

The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a new series of tenge banknotes in 2006. This was not a currency reform as they replaced existing notes at face value.

The 2006 series is far more exotic than its predecessors. The obverse is vertical and the denomination is written in Kazakh. All denominations depict the Astana/Nur-Sultan Bayterek monument, the flag of Kazakhstan, the Coat of arms, the handprint with a signature of president Nursultan Nazarbayev and fragments of the national anthem. The main differences across each denomination are only the colours, denominations and underprint patterns.

On the contrast, the reverse side of the notes are more different. The denomination is written in Russian, and each denomination shows a unique building and geography of Kazakhstan in the outline of its borders.

The first printing of the ₸2,000 and ₸5,000 notes issued in 2006 had misspellings of the word for «bank» (the correct spelling «банкі» bankı was misspelled «*банқі» banqı). The misspelling was a politically sensitive issue due to the cultural and political importance of the Kazakh language.^[17]

On 3 October 2016, the ₸2,000, ₸5,000 and ₸10,000 banknotes of the 2006 series lost their legal tender status and are no longer valid. From 4 October 2016 to 3 October 2017, these notes can be exchanged without commission at any second tier bank and branches of the National Bank of Kazakhstan.^[18]

2006 Series
Image	Value	Main Colour	Description	Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse
		₸200	orange	Nur-Sultan Bayterek monument, Kazakhstan flag, Kazakhstan coat of arms, handprint with a signature of Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, fragments of the national anthem, value in numerals and Kazakh words, issuing bank in Kazakh, inscription in Kazakh stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law	Transport and Communication Ministry and a winged snow leopard on the bridge over River Ishim, outline map of Kazakhstan with Ministry of Defense and the steppes in the background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law	2006–2016[18]
		₸500	blue	Ministry of Finance and Akimat (City Hall) of Astana/Nur-Sultan, outline map of Kazakhstan with gulls over the sea in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
		₸1,000	brown	President Culture Center, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountains in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
		₸2,000	green	Abai Opera House, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountain lake in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
		₸5,000	red	Independence Monument and the Kazakhstan Hotel, outline map of Kazakhstan with mountains in background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law
		₸10,000	purple	Residence Akorda (presidential palace), outline map of Kazakhstan with canyons in the background, value in Russian, name of issuing in Kazakh, logo of issuing bank, inscription in Russian stating that counterfeiting banknotes is against the law

2011–2017 series[edit]

The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a new series of tenge banknotes dated 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 in denominations of ₸1,000, ₸2,000, ₸5,000, and ₸10,000.^{[19][20][21][22]} The designs for this series feature the «Kazakh Eli» monument on the front of the notes. On 1 December 2015, a new ₸20,000 banknote was introduced. It contains the issue date of 2013, and is a commemorative note to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the introduction of its national currency, but was not issued until 2015.^[23] In 2017, the National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a ₸500 banknote as part of this series, but has caused controversy over an image of a gull on the reverse side of the note and the image of the Moscow business center in Kazakhstan’s capital of Nur-Sultan.^[24]

2011–2017 Series
Image	Value	Main Color	Description	Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse	Obverse	Reverse
[2]	[3]	₸500	Blue	Flag, skyscrapers, «Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «Independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, seagulls	2017
[4]	[5]	₸1,000	Yellow, brown, orange and blue	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, mountains and landscape of the Ustyurt Plateau	2014
[6]	[7]	₸2,000	Green	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), Khan Shatyr tent, pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, Ertis/Irtysh river	2012
[8]	[9]	₸5,000	Red, blue, yellow, and green	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), Palace of Independence, pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, Monument of Independence, Hotel «Kazakhstan» (Almaty/Alma Ata), Zailijsky Alatau ridge of Tjan-Shan mountain range	2011
[10]	[11]	₸10,000	Violet and blue	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), Palace of Independence, pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan and Flag of Kazakhstan	Outline of Kazakhstan, Residence Ak Orda (Palace of the President), Astana/Nur-Sultan	2012
[12]	[13]	₸20,000	Blue-gray and violet	«Kazakh Eli» monument in Astana/Nur-Sultan (representing the «independence of Kazakhstan» and the «Continuation of Generations»), pigeons, Emblem of Kazakhstan, Flag of Kazakhstan and the Mangilik El triumphal arch	Outline of Kazakhstan, Residence Ak Orda (Palace of the President) and Government buildings in Astana/Nur-Sultan, arranged in order by the principle of separation of powers, as written in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan	2015[25]

New series with security features 2008[edit]

Since 2008, a number of commemorative designs have been issued, including notes celebrating the 2011 Asian Winter Games hosted in Nur-Sultan. Commemoratives can typically be found in these denominations: ₸1,000, ₸2,000, ₸5,000, and ₸10,000.

Digital tenge[edit]

The National Bank of Kazakhstan publicly released plans to develop a national digital currency.^[26]

Commemorative banknotes[edit]

• T 5,000 (2001)

• 

  5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2001 with overprint to commemorate the tenth anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (front).

• 

  5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2001 with overprint to commemorate the tenth anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (back).

• ₸5,000 (2008)

• 

  5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2008 to commemorate 15 years of the Kazakhstani tenge (front).

• 

  5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2008 to commemorate 15 years of the Kazakhstani tenge (back).

• ₸1,000 (2010)

• 

  1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2010 to commemorate the Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in the OSCE (front).

• 

  1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2010 to commemorate the Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in the OSCE (back).

• ₸1,000 (2011)

• ₸2,000 (2011)

• ₸10,000 (2011)

• 

  10,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (front).

• 

  10,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union (back).

• ₸1,000 (2013)

1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2013 to commemorate the «Kul Tigin» – the monument of the Turkic runic writing.

• ₸10,000 (2016)

The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a 10,000 tenge commemorative banknote to commemorate the 25th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union. The commemorative note contains an image of Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev,^[27] and was launched into circulation on the Day of the First President, December 1, 2016.

• ₸20,000 (2021)

The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued a 20,000 tenge commemorative banknote to commemorate the 30th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union. The commemorative note features images of the first president of Kazakhstan, «Elbasy» Nursultan Nazarbayev, the Akorda Presidential Palace, a view of the capital city of Nur-Sultan and the official logo for the celebrations. The commemorative note is also the first to feature inscriptions in Kazakh-based Latin instead of Kazakh-based Cyrillic. The commemorative note was issued on December 16, 2021.^[28]

Exchange rates and inflation[edit]

On September 2, 2013, the National Bank of Kazakhstan moved the tenge from a managed float and pegged it to the US dollar and the Russian ruble.^[29]

On February 11, 2014, the Kazakh National Bank chose to devalue the tenge by 19% against the U.S. dollar in response to a weakening of the Russian ruble.^[30]

On August 20, 2015, The Kazakhstan National Bank has done away with the currency band with respect to conversion rate of tenge. Now, the tenge is a free-floating currency and its exchange rate against the major currencies are determined by demand and supply in the market. Due to this change, the tenge lost 30% of its value in a single day.^[31]

Current KZT exchange rates
From Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB EUR JPY
From Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB EUR JPY
From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB EUR JPY
From OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB EUR JPY

Historical average exchange rates^[32]

	USD	EUR	RUB
1999	119.52	130.00	4.82
2000	142.13	134.40	5.05
2001	146.74	132.40	5.04
2002	153.28	144.68	4.89
2003	n/a	168.79	4.87
2004	136.04	169.04	4.72
2005	132.88	165.42	4.70
2006	126.09	158.27	4.64
2007	122.55	167.75	4.79
2008	120.30	177.04	4.86
2009	147.50	205.67	4.66
2010	147.35	195.67	4.85
2011	146.62	204.11	5.00
2012 (Jan)	148.38	191.27	4.73
2014-4-14	182.02	252.72	5.11
2016-9-30	335.64	377.42	5.33

	Annual inflation rate,%[33]
1994	1160.262
1995	60.388
1996	28.763
1997	11.321
1998	1.880
1999	18.095
2000	10.001
2001	6.582
2002	6.686
2003	7.001
2004	7.011
2005	7.868
2006	8.400
2007	18.772
2008	9.484
2009	6.377
2010	7.969
2011	7.429
2012	6.0
2013	5.83
2014	6.72
2015	6.65
2016	14.56
2017	7.43
2018	6.03

See also[edit]

• Economy of Kazakhstan

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Currency exchange rates in Kazakhstan
• News from the National Bank of Kazakhstan
• The banknotes of Kazakhstan (in English and German)
• Coins of Kazakhstan
• Banknotes of Kazakhstan
• Catalog of the coins of Kazakhstan (Numista)
• Kazakhstan Tenge: detailed catalog of banknotes
• Coins of Kazakhstan at CISCoins.net

Казахский тенге – официальная валюта Республики Казахстан. Банковский код – KZT. 1 тенге равен 100 тиынам. Номиналы действующих банкнот: 10 тыс., 5 тыс., 2 тыс., 1 тыс., 500 и 200 тенге. Монеты: 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 и 1 тенге. В настоящее время не выпускаются, но из обращения не изымались и до сих пор являются платежным средством монеты достоинством 50, 20, 10 и 5 тиын.

Лицевая сторона банкнот Казахстана разных достоинств идентична, но имеет разную цветовую окраску. На ней изображены «Астана – Байтерек» (монумент, воздвигнутый в честь основания новой столицы), флаг, герб, фрагмент гимна, номинал, а также отпечаток руки первого президента Нурсултана Назарбаева с его подписью. На реверсе – контур Казахстана, внутри которого изображены различные рисунки, а именно: на 200 тенге – здания Министерства транспорта и коммуникаций, Министерства обороны, а также крылатый барс (один из символов государства). На 500 тенге – здание Министерства финансов, а также чайки, летящие над морем. На 1 тыс. – Президентский культурный центр на фоне горного пейзажа. На 2 тыс. тенге – Театр оперы и балета им. Абая в Алма-Ате. На 5 тыс. – памятник независимости республики и гостиница «Казахстан». На 10 тыс. изображена резиденция Акорда – президентский дворец в Астане. Примечательно, что на всех банкнотах республики номинал прописью продублирован на русском языке.

Монеты Казахстана содержат на аверсе национальный герб республики, год чеканки и надпись по кругу «Республика Казахстан». На реверсе – номинал в растительном орнаменте.

Согласно данным археологов, первые деньги, которые появились на территории Казахстана, имеют китайское происхождение. И это неудивительно, так как страна находилась на Великом шелковом пути, соединяющим Европу и Азию. С VI века в обращении появились монеты тюркских правителей. А с VIII века степные кочевники региона подверглись вторжению арабов и расчеты стали проводиться в серебряных дирхемах. Появились первые монетные дворы в таких древних городах, как Бараба, Испиджаб, Тараз. Сырьем для чеканки служили местные серебряные рудники, расположенные в верховьях рек Талас и Ахангаран.

Истощение рудников к XII веку привело к затяжному 250-летнему серебряному кризису и использованию заменителей денег – медным монетам. В этот период территория сегодняшнего Казахстана была во власти татаро-монголов и являлась частью их империи.

В XIV веке земли переходят в руки Тамерлана. Происходит подъем экономики, а денежной единицей становится танга – монеты чеканились в Бухаре, на территории современного Узбекистана. Именно отсюда происходит название сегодняшней валюты Казахстана.

В 1428 году по инициативе ученого и государственного деятеля Улугбек была проведена денежная реформа, в результате которой старые медные деньги обменивались на новые, монетные дворы закрывались, а эмиссия должна была проводиться исключительно в Бухаре. Такая система просуществовала 60 лет. Однако позже территория вновь оказалась разделена на отдельные ханства.

В 1731-1798 годах проходил процесс присоединения к России, и в обращение входят русские монеты.

Денежная реформа 1895-1897 годов ввела систему золотого стандарта. В обращении находились золотые, серебряные и медные монеты, но основным видом денег становятся кредитные билеты Государственного Банка России, которые на 92% были обеспечены золотом.

В 1921 году в России был создан Государственный Банк РСФСР, который открыл учреждения в каждой из союзных республик. Денежной единицей Казахстана стал советский рубль. Вместе со всей страной Казахская Советская Социалистическая Республика пережила четыре деноминации: 1922 год – 10 000 к 1, 1923-й – 100 к 1, 1947-й – 10 к 1, 1961-й – 10 к 1.

Возврат к собственной национальной валюте в Казахстане произошел в 1993 году. В условиях, когда Россия объявила о выходе новых банкнот, руководство получившей самостоятельность республики оказалось вынуждено делать это в срочном порядке, так как в страну хлынул поток старых советских рублей. В результате реформа носила конфискационный характер: обмен производился только в течение пяти дней, курс был 500 рублей за 1 тенге, причем каждый гражданин старше 16 лет мог конвертировать не более 100 тыс. рублей. Суммы сверх этого лимита были заморожены на специальных лицевых счетах в банке без права использования на срок до шести месяцев. Для проверки законности получения этих денег создавались специальные комиссии, которые наделялись правом разблокировать их досрочно.

Как и все страны с переходной экономикой, в первые годы независимости Республика Казахстан пережила период гиперинфляции, которая в 1994 году была свыше 1 000%, в 1995-м – 60%, 1996-м – 29%, 1997-м – 11%. Далее процесс роста цен стабилизировался. В последние годы он составляет не более 8%, а национальная валюта на весну 2012 года колеблется в пределах 147-148 тенге за доллар США или 194-196 за евро. По отношению к российской валюте 1 тенге стоит приблизительно 0,20 рубля.

До настоящего времени казахский тенге не является свободно конвертируемой

валютой, в стране действует ряд ограничений. Однако в последние годы наметились шаги по либерализации валютного законодательства.

Экономика республики может представлять интерес для инвесторов: страна богата полезными ископаемыми, такими как нефть, газ, уран. Она демонстрировала стабильный рост ВВП – более 7% в год вплоть до начала мирового финансового кризиса 2008 года. С 2010-го в Казахстане происходит постепенный выход из рецессии.

При поездках в Казахстан для ввоза и вывоза наличной национальной и иностранной валюты в размере, превышающем эквивалент в 3 тыс. долларов США, необходимо заполнение декларации. Банковский сектор в республике более развит, чем в других странах региона, во многих местах есть возможность расплачиваться кредитными картами. Кроме того, на севере страны на рынках в оплату часто принимаются российские рубли.