Как писать миллион римскими цифрами
Римскими цифрами пользовались этруски еще за 500 лет до нашей эры. Отличие римских цифр от арабских, которыми сейчас пользуется практически весь мир, в том, что значение римской цифры не зависит от позиции, на которой она стоит в числе. Т.е., если в арабском числе единица стоит в третьем разряде – 123 – то это уже не единица, а сотня. А в римских цифрах единица – I – остается единицей, где бы она ни стояла – хоть на десятой позиции. Поэтому-то римская система счисления и называется непозиционной.
Инструкция
Система римских цифр заключается в употребленииособых знаков для обозначения чисел:
1 – I
5 – V
10 – X
50 – L
100 – C
500 – D
1000 – M
Натуральные числа записываются при помощи повторения этих знаков. При этом, если большая цифра стоит перед меньшей, то они складываются (принцип сложения), если же меньшая — перед большей, то меньшая вычитается из большей (принцип вычитания). Последнее правило применяется только во избежание четырёхкратного повторения одной и той же цифры. Например, 2011 будет выглядеть при записи римскими цифрами так: MMXI, а 1999 – MCMXCIX.
Чтобы написать большие числа, в римской системе счета использовалась горизонтальная черта над цифрой. Эта черта означала, что цифру, стоящую под ней, нужно умножить на 1000. Таким образом, например, 5000 выглядит римскими цифрами так:
_
V
Согласно http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/57569.html, считается, что римлянами использовались также две горизонтальные черты для обозначения умножения на миллион цифры, стоящей под чертами.
Из всего вышесказанного следует, что миллион римскими цифрами можно записать двумя способами:
1. Первый способ: знак M с одной горизонтальной чертой сверху, что означает 1000*1000=1000000:
_
М
2. Второй способ: знак I с двумя горизонтальными чертами сверху, что означает 1*1000 000=1000000:
=
I
Источники:
- математическая энциклопедия
- как записать число 2013 римскими цифрами?, история
- Обозначение чисел римскими цифрами
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Count n Roman numbers. What is the largest number you can write? Print out these charts to learn.
1 = I 2 = II 3 = III = IIV 4 = IV = IIII 5 = V 6 = VI 7 = VII 8 = VIII 9 = IX = VIIII 10 = X |
11 = XI 12 = XII 13 = XIII 14 = XIV 15 = XV 16 = XVI 17 = XVII 18 = XVIII 19 = XIX 20 = XX |
21 = XXI 22 = XXII 23 = XXIII 24 = XXIV 25 = XXV 26 = XXVI 27 = XXVII 28 = XXVIII 29 = XXIX 30 = XXX |
31 = XXXI 32 = XXXII 33 = XXXIII 40 = XL 50 = L 60 = LX 70 = LXX 80 = LXXX 90 = XC 99 = XCIX |
100 = C 200 = CC 300 = CCC 400 = CD 500 = D 600 = DC 700 = DCC 800 = DCCC 900 = CM 1000 = M |
1000 = M 2000 = MM 3000 = MMM 4000 = MN 5000 = N 6000 = NM 7000 = NMM 8000 = NMMM 9000 = MH 10000 = H |
10000 = H 20000 = HH 30000 = HHH 40000 = HP 50000 = P 60000 = PH 70000 = PHH 80000 = PHHH 90000 = HG 100000 = G |
100000 = G 200000 = GG 300000 = GGG 400000 = GF 500000 = F 600000 = FG 700000 = FGG 800000 = FGGG 900000 = GS 1000000 = S |
Roman numerals are constructed using additive and subtractive principles.
Addition is the main rule. Simply add up the digits. Example: XXI = 10+10+1 = 21.
Subtraction happens when a smaller digit comes before a larger digit. In that case, deduct the smaller digit from the larger digit. Example: IX = 10−1 = 9. The usual subtractive combinations are: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), CM (900), MN (4000), MH (9000), HP (40,000), HG (90,000), GF (400,000) and GS (900,000). so 99 is IC or XCIX = 100−10 + 10−1 = 99, or 100-1 = 99.
Subtraction is a shorthand for four successive digits as there cannot be more than 3 successive digits in any Roman numeral. Thus, IIII=IV, XXXX=XL and so on.
Use to learn how addition and subtraction work. The converter splits up a Roman numeral to its parts and teaches you how to decode it letter by letter.[1]
Number zero does not exist in Roman numerals.
Large Roman numerals
| Millions |
1000000 = S 2000000 = SS 3000000 = SSS 4000000 = I̅V̅ 5000000 = V̅ 6000000 = V̅I̅ 7000000 = V̅I̅I̅ 8000000 = V̅I̅I̅I̅ 9000000 = I̅X̅ |
10000000 = X̅ 20000000 = X̅X̅ 30000000 = X̅X̅X̅ 40000000 = X̅L̅ 50000000 = L̅ 60000000 = L̅X̅ 70000000 = L̅X̅X̅ 80000000 = L̅X̅X̅X̅ 90000000 = X̅C̅ |
100000000 = C̅ 200000000 = C̅C̅ 300000000 = C̅C̅C̅ 400000000 = C̅D̅ 500000000 = D̅ 600000000 = D̅C̅ 700000000 = D̅C̅C̅ 800000000 = D̅C̅C̅C̅ 900000000 = C̅M̅ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Milliards (billions) |
1000000000 = M̅ 2000000000 = M̅M̅ 3000000000 = M̅M̅M̅ 4000000000 = M̅N̅ 5000000000 = N̅ 6000000000 = N̅M̅ 7000000000 = N̅M̅M̅ 8000000000 = N̅M̅M̅M̅ 9000000000 = M̅H̅ |
10000000000 = H̅ 20000000000 = H̅H̅ 30000000000 = H̅H̅H̅ 40000000000 = H̅P̅ 50000000000 = P̅ 60000000000 = P̅H̅ 70000000000 = P̅H̅H̅ 80000000000 = P̅H̅H̅H̅ 90000000000 = H̅G̅ |
100000000000 = G̅ 200000000000 = G̅G̅ 300000000000 = G̅G̅G̅ 400000000000 = G̅F̅ 500000000000 = F̅ 600000000000 = F̅G̅ 700000000000 = F̅G̅G̅ 800000000000 = F̅G̅G̅G̅ 900000000000 = G̅S̅ |
| Trillions |
1000000000000 = S̅ 2000000000000 = S̅S̅ 3000000000000 = S̅S̅S̅ 4000000000000 = I̅̅V̅̅ 5000000000000 = V̅̅ 6000000000000 = V̅̅I̅̅ 7000000000000 = V̅̅I̅̅I̅̅ 8000000000000 = V̅̅I̅̅I̅̅I̅̅ 9000000000000 = I̅̅X̅̅ |
10000000000000 = X̅̅ 20000000000000 = X̅̅X̅̅ 30000000000000 = X̅̅X̅̅X̅̅ 40000000000000 = X̅̅L̅̅ 50000000000000 = L̅̅ 60000000000000 = L̅̅X̅̅ 70000000000000 = L̅̅X̅̅X̅̅ 80000000000000 = L̅̅X̅̅X̅̅X̅̅ 90000000000000 = X̅̅C̅̅ |
100000000000000 = C̅̅ 200000000000000 = C̅̅C̅̅ 300000000000000 = C̅̅C̅̅C̅̅ 400000000000000 = C̅̅D̅̅ 500000000000000 = D̅̅ 600000000000000 = D̅̅C̅̅ 700000000000000 = D̅̅C̅̅C̅̅ 800000000000000 = D̅̅C̅̅C̅̅C̅̅ 900000000000000 = C̅̅M̅̅ |
| Quadrillions |
1000000000000000 = M̅̅ 2000000000000000 = M̅̅M̅̅ 3000000000000000 = M̅̅M̅̅M̅̅ 4000000000000000 = M̅̅N̅̅ 5000000000000000 = N̅̅ 6000000000000000 = N̅̅M̅̅ 7000000000000000 = N̅̅M̅̅M̅̅ 8000000000000000 = N̅̅M̅̅M̅̅M̅̅ 9000000000000000 = M̅̅H̅̅ |
10000000000000000 = H̅̅ 20000000000000000 = H̅̅H̅̅ 30000000000000000 = H̅̅H̅̅H̅̅ 40000000000000000 = H̅̅P̅̅ 50000000000000000 = P̅̅ 60000000000000000 = P̅̅H̅̅ 70000000000000000 = P̅̅H̅̅H̅̅ 80000000000000000 = P̅̅H̅̅H̅̅H̅̅ 90000000000000000 = H̅̅G̅̅ |
100000000000000000 = G̅̅ 200000000000000000 = G̅̅G̅̅ 300000000000000000 = G̅̅G̅̅G̅̅ 400000000000000000 = G̅̅F̅̅ 500000000000000000 = F̅̅ 600000000000000000 = F̅̅G̅̅ 700000000000000000 = F̅̅G̅̅G̅̅ 800000000000000000 = Y E E T 900000000000000000 = PewDiePie |
| Quintillions |
1000000000000000000 = S̅̅ 2000000000000000000 = S̅̅S̅̅ 3000000000000000000 = S̅̅S̅̅S̅̅ |
n̅n̅ = 1,000,000 × nn n̅̅n̅̅ = 1,000,000,000,000 × nn |
In order to write large numerals, one draws line above or around numbers. This causes multiplication as per the table above.
| Hundreds |
500 = IↃ = D |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Thousands |
1000 = CIↃ = ↀ 2000 = CIↃCIↃ 3000 = CIↃCIↃCIↃ 4000 = CIↃIↃↃ 5000 = IↃↃ = ↁ 6000 = IↃↃCIↃ 7000 = IↃↃCIↃCIↃ 8000 = IↃↃCIↃCIↃCIↃ 9000 = CIↃCCIↃↃ |
10000 = CCIↃↃ = ↂ 20000 = CCIↃↃCCIↃↃ 30000 = CCIↃↃCCIↃↃCCIↃↃ 40000 = CCIↃↃIↃↃↃ 50000 = IↃↃↃ 60000 = IↃↃↃCCIↃↃ 70000 = IↃↃↃCCIↃↃCCIↃↃ 80000 = IↃↃↃCCIↃↃCCIↃↃCCIↃↃ 90000 = CCIↃↃCCCIↃↃↃ |
100000 = CCCIↃↃↃ 500000 = IↃↃↃↃ |
| Millions |
1000000 = CCCCIↃↃↃↃ |
There are archaic forms of Roman numbers starting from 500. The system starts with CIↃ being one thousand. Adding C and Ↄ multiplies the figure by 10. Halving the numeral (leave out the C’s on the left) divides the number by 2. Thus, CCIↃↃ is 10×1000 = 10000 and IↃↃ is a half of that, 5000.
The archaic forms can be written in two alternative ways, as shown in the image below.
Use to understand modern and archaic Roman numerals. The converter shows you letter by letter what a Roman numeral is made of.[2]
Sources
- ↑ Roman numeral converter
- ↑ Roman numeral converter.html
See also
Mayan numerals
Count n Roman numbers. What is the largest number you can write? Print out these charts to learn.
1 = I 2 = II 3 = III = IIV 4 = IV = IIII 5 = V 6 = VI 7 = VII 8 = VIII 9 = IX = VIIII 10 = X |
11 = XI 12 = XII 13 = XIII 14 = XIV 15 = XV 16 = XVI 17 = XVII 18 = XVIII 19 = XIX 20 = XX |
21 = XXI 22 = XXII 23 = XXIII 24 = XXIV 25 = XXV 26 = XXVI 27 = XXVII 28 = XXVIII 29 = XXIX 30 = XXX |
31 = XXXI 32 = XXXII 33 = XXXIII 40 = XL 50 = L 60 = LX 70 = LXX 80 = LXXX 90 = XC 99 = XCIX |
100 = C 200 = CC 300 = CCC 400 = CD 500 = D 600 = DC 700 = DCC 800 = DCCC 900 = CM 1000 = M |
1000 = M 2000 = MM 3000 = MMM 4000 = MN 5000 = N 6000 = NM 7000 = NMM 8000 = NMMM 9000 = MH 10000 = H |
10000 = H 20000 = HH 30000 = HHH 40000 = HP 50000 = P 60000 = PH 70000 = PHH 80000 = PHHH 90000 = HG 100000 = G |
100000 = G 200000 = GG 300000 = GGG 400000 = GF 500000 = F 600000 = FG 700000 = FGG 800000 = FGGG 900000 = GS 1000000 = S |
Roman numerals are constructed using additive and subtractive principles.
Addition is the main rule. Simply add up the digits. Example: XXI = 10+10+1 = 21.
Subtraction happens when a smaller digit comes before a larger digit. In that case, deduct the smaller digit from the larger digit. Example: IX = 10−1 = 9. The usual subtractive combinations are: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), CM (900), MN (4000), MH (9000), HP (40,000), HG (90,000), GF (400,000) and GS (900,000). so 99 is IC or XCIX = 100−10 + 10−1 = 99, or 100-1 = 99.
Subtraction is a shorthand for four successive digits as there cannot be more than 3 successive digits in any Roman numeral. Thus, IIII=IV, XXXX=XL and so on.
Use to learn how addition and subtraction work. The converter splits up a Roman numeral to its parts and teaches you how to decode it letter by letter.[1]
Number zero does not exist in Roman numerals.
Large Roman numerals
| Millions |
1000000 = S 2000000 = SS 3000000 = SSS 4000000 = I̅V̅ 5000000 = V̅ 6000000 = V̅I̅ 7000000 = V̅I̅I̅ 8000000 = V̅I̅I̅I̅ 9000000 = I̅X̅ |
10000000 = X̅ 20000000 = X̅X̅ 30000000 = X̅X̅X̅ 40000000 = X̅L̅ 50000000 = L̅ 60000000 = L̅X̅ 70000000 = L̅X̅X̅ 80000000 = L̅X̅X̅X̅ 90000000 = X̅C̅ |
100000000 = C̅ 200000000 = C̅C̅ 300000000 = C̅C̅C̅ 400000000 = C̅D̅ 500000000 = D̅ 600000000 = D̅C̅ 700000000 = D̅C̅C̅ 800000000 = D̅C̅C̅C̅ 900000000 = C̅M̅ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Milliards (billions) |
1000000000 = M̅ 2000000000 = M̅M̅ 3000000000 = M̅M̅M̅ 4000000000 = M̅N̅ 5000000000 = N̅ 6000000000 = N̅M̅ 7000000000 = N̅M̅M̅ 8000000000 = N̅M̅M̅M̅ 9000000000 = M̅H̅ |
10000000000 = H̅ 20000000000 = H̅H̅ 30000000000 = H̅H̅H̅ 40000000000 = H̅P̅ 50000000000 = P̅ 60000000000 = P̅H̅ 70000000000 = P̅H̅H̅ 80000000000 = P̅H̅H̅H̅ 90000000000 = H̅G̅ |
100000000000 = G̅ 200000000000 = G̅G̅ 300000000000 = G̅G̅G̅ 400000000000 = G̅F̅ 500000000000 = F̅ 600000000000 = F̅G̅ 700000000000 = F̅G̅G̅ 800000000000 = F̅G̅G̅G̅ 900000000000 = G̅S̅ |
| Trillions |
1000000000000 = S̅ 2000000000000 = S̅S̅ 3000000000000 = S̅S̅S̅ 4000000000000 = I̅̅V̅̅ 5000000000000 = V̅̅ 6000000000000 = V̅̅I̅̅ 7000000000000 = V̅̅I̅̅I̅̅ 8000000000000 = V̅̅I̅̅I̅̅I̅̅ 9000000000000 = I̅̅X̅̅ |
10000000000000 = X̅̅ 20000000000000 = X̅̅X̅̅ 30000000000000 = X̅̅X̅̅X̅̅ 40000000000000 = X̅̅L̅̅ 50000000000000 = L̅̅ 60000000000000 = L̅̅X̅̅ 70000000000000 = L̅̅X̅̅X̅̅ 80000000000000 = L̅̅X̅̅X̅̅X̅̅ 90000000000000 = X̅̅C̅̅ |
100000000000000 = C̅̅ 200000000000000 = C̅̅C̅̅ 300000000000000 = C̅̅C̅̅C̅̅ 400000000000000 = C̅̅D̅̅ 500000000000000 = D̅̅ 600000000000000 = D̅̅C̅̅ 700000000000000 = D̅̅C̅̅C̅̅ 800000000000000 = D̅̅C̅̅C̅̅C̅̅ 900000000000000 = C̅̅M̅̅ |
| Quadrillions |
1000000000000000 = M̅̅ 2000000000000000 = M̅̅M̅̅ 3000000000000000 = M̅̅M̅̅M̅̅ 4000000000000000 = M̅̅N̅̅ 5000000000000000 = N̅̅ 6000000000000000 = N̅̅M̅̅ 7000000000000000 = N̅̅M̅̅M̅̅ 8000000000000000 = N̅̅M̅̅M̅̅M̅̅ 9000000000000000 = M̅̅H̅̅ |
10000000000000000 = H̅̅ 20000000000000000 = H̅̅H̅̅ 30000000000000000 = H̅̅H̅̅H̅̅ 40000000000000000 = H̅̅P̅̅ 50000000000000000 = P̅̅ 60000000000000000 = P̅̅H̅̅ 70000000000000000 = P̅̅H̅̅H̅̅ 80000000000000000 = P̅̅H̅̅H̅̅H̅̅ 90000000000000000 = H̅̅G̅̅ |
100000000000000000 = G̅̅ 200000000000000000 = G̅̅G̅̅ 300000000000000000 = G̅̅G̅̅G̅̅ 400000000000000000 = G̅̅F̅̅ 500000000000000000 = F̅̅ 600000000000000000 = F̅̅G̅̅ 700000000000000000 = F̅̅G̅̅G̅̅ 800000000000000000 = Y E E T 900000000000000000 = PewDiePie |
| Quintillions |
1000000000000000000 = S̅̅ 2000000000000000000 = S̅̅S̅̅ 3000000000000000000 = S̅̅S̅̅S̅̅ |
n̅n̅ = 1,000,000 × nn n̅̅n̅̅ = 1,000,000,000,000 × nn |
In order to write large numerals, one draws line above or around numbers. This causes multiplication as per the table above.
| Hundreds |
500 = IↃ = D |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Thousands |
1000 = CIↃ = ↀ 2000 = CIↃCIↃ 3000 = CIↃCIↃCIↃ 4000 = CIↃIↃↃ 5000 = IↃↃ = ↁ 6000 = IↃↃCIↃ 7000 = IↃↃCIↃCIↃ 8000 = IↃↃCIↃCIↃCIↃ 9000 = CIↃCCIↃↃ |
10000 = CCIↃↃ = ↂ 20000 = CCIↃↃCCIↃↃ 30000 = CCIↃↃCCIↃↃCCIↃↃ 40000 = CCIↃↃIↃↃↃ 50000 = IↃↃↃ 60000 = IↃↃↃCCIↃↃ 70000 = IↃↃↃCCIↃↃCCIↃↃ 80000 = IↃↃↃCCIↃↃCCIↃↃCCIↃↃ 90000 = CCIↃↃCCCIↃↃↃ |
100000 = CCCIↃↃↃ 500000 = IↃↃↃↃ |
| Millions |
1000000 = CCCCIↃↃↃↃ |
There are archaic forms of Roman numbers starting from 500. The system starts with CIↃ being one thousand. Adding C and Ↄ multiplies the figure by 10. Halving the numeral (leave out the C’s on the left) divides the number by 2. Thus, CCIↃↃ is 10×1000 = 10000 and IↃↃ is a half of that, 5000.
The archaic forms can be written in two alternative ways, as shown in the image below.
Use to understand modern and archaic Roman numerals. The converter shows you letter by letter what a Roman numeral is made of.[2]
Sources
- ↑ Roman numeral converter
- ↑ Roman numeral converter.html
See also
Mayan numerals
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PHILOLOGIA CLASSICA Сайт кафедры классической филологии БГУ |
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Римские цифры и числаКонвертер римских чисел онлайнВведите число, используя арабские (0…9) или римские (I, V, X, L, C, D, M) цифры, и нажмите кнопку Конвертировать. Принципы римской системы счисленияВ настоящее время в римской системе счисления используются следующие знаки:
Все целые числа от 1 до 3999 записываются с помощью приведенных выше цифр. При этом:
Основные римские числа
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