Как сокращенно пишется немецкий язык

Коды языков

язык	ISO 639-1	ISO 639-2	ISO 639-3	ГОСТ 7.75–97	цифровой код
	ia	ina	ina	ина	215
абазинский	—	—	abq	аба	5
абхазский	ab	abk	abk	абх	10
авадхи	—	awa	awa	авд	12
авадхи	—	awa	awa	авд	12
аварский	av	ava	ava	ава	14
аварский язык	av	ava	ava	ава	14
авестийский	ae	ave	ave	аве	16
адангме	—	ada	ada	ада	18
адхола				adh
адыгейский язык	—	ady	ady	ады	20
азербайджанский язык	az	aze	aze	азе	25
аймара	ay	aym	aym	айм	26
айну	—	ain	ain	—	—
акан	ak	aka	aka	ака	27
аккадский	—	akk	akk	акк	28
аколи		ach	ach	ачо	77
албанский язык	sq	alb/sqi	sqi	алб	30
алеутский	—	ale	ale	але	33
алтайский язык	—	alt	alt	алт	35
амхарский язык	am	amh	amh	амх	40
английский язык	en	eng	eng	анг	45
арабский язык	ar	ara	ara	ара	50
аравакский	—	arw	arw	арв	51
арамейский	—	arc	arc	аре	52
арапахо	—	arp	arp	арп	53
арауканский	—	arn	arn	арн	54
армянский язык	hy/am	arm/hye	hye/axm/xc	арм	55
ассамский	as	asm	asm	аса	60
ассирийский	—	—	aii	асе	65
атапачские	—	—	ath	ата	67
афарский	aa	aar	aar	афа	68
африкаанс	af	afr	afr	афр	70
африхили	—	afh	afh	афх	73
ахвахский	—	—	akv	ахв	74
ацтекский	—	—	nah	ацт	75
ачехский	—	ace	ace	аче	76
балийский	—	ban	ban	бал	78
бамбара	bm	bam	bam	бам	80
банда	—	bad	bad	бан	82
баса	—	bas	bas	бас	84
баскский язык	eu	baq/eus	eus	бак	85
башкирский язык	ba	bak	bak	баш	86
беджа	—	bej	bej	бед	87
белорусский язык	be	bel	bel	бел	90
белуджский	—	bal	bal	беу	95
бемба	—	bem	bem	бем	97
бенгальский язык	bn	ben	ben	бен	100
бикольский	—	bik	bik	бик	103
бини	—	bin	bin	бин	104
бирманский язык	my	bur/mya	mya	бир	105
бислама	bi	bis	bis	бис	107
болгарский язык	bg	bul	bul	бол	115
боснийский	bs	bos	bos	бос	—
брауи	—	—	brh	бра	117
бретонский язык	br	bre	bre	бре	120
бугийский	—	bug	bug	буг	123
бурятский	—	bua	bua	бур	125
бходжпури	—	bho	bho	бхо	126
ваи	—	vai	vai	ваи	127
валлийский язык	cy	cym/wel	cym	вал	130
варай	—	war	war	вар	131
вашо	—	was	was	ваш	132
венгерский язык	hu	hun	hun	вен	133
венда	ve	ven	ven	вед	134
вепсский язык	—	—	vep	веп	135
воламо	—	wal	wal	воа	136
волапюк	vo	vol	vol	вол	137
волоф	wo	wol	wol	воф	138
вьетнамский язык	vi	vie	vie	вье	140
га	—	gaa	gaa	гаа	142
гавайский	—	haw	haw	гав	143
гагаузский язык	—	—	gag	гаг	145
гайо	—	gay	gay	гай	146
галисийский язык	gl	glg	glg	гал	147
гереро	hz	her	her	гер	149
геэз	—	gez	gez	гез	151
гилбертский	—	gil	gil	гил	152
голландский язык	nl	dut/nld	nld	нид	495
гонди	—	gon	gon	гон	153
готский	—	got	got	гот	154
гребо	—	grb	grb	грб	155
гренландский язык	kl	kal	kal	эсм	843
греческий язык	el	ell/gre	ell	гре	157
грузинский язык	ka	geo/kat	kat	гру	158
гуарани	gn	grn	grn	гуа	160
гуджарати	gu	guj	guj	гуд	165
гэльский	gd	gla	gla	гэл	170
дакота	—	dak	dak	дак	173
даргинский	—	—	dar	даг	175
датский язык	da	dan	dan	дат	178
делавэрский	—	del	del	дел	179
дзонг-кэ	dz	dzo	dzo	дзо	183
дивехи (мальдивский)	dv	div	div	див	180
динка	—	din	din	дин	181
догри	—	doi	doi	дои	184
древнеанглийский язык	—	ang	ang	ста	623
древнегреческий язык	—	grc	grc	дрг	186
древнеегипетский	—	egy	egy	дре	187
древнерусский	—	—	orv	дрр	188
дуала	—	dua	dua	дуа	190
дунганский	—	—	dng	дун	191
дунганский язык	—	—	dng	дун	191
дьюла	—	dyu	dyu	диу	182
еврейско-арабский	—	jrb	jrb	еар	192
еврейско-персидский	—	jpr	jpr	епе	193
западнофризский язык	fy	fry	fry	фри	750
зенагский	—	zen	zen	зен	194
зулусский язык	zu	zul	zul	зул	195
зуньи	—	zun	zun	зун	196
ибанский язык	—	iba	iba	иба	197
иврит	he	heb	heb	ивр	198
игбо	ig	ibo	ibo	ибо	199
идиш	yi	yid	yid	иди	202
илоканский язык	—	ilo	ilo	ило	203
ингушский	—	inh	inh	инг	205
индонезийский язык	id	ind	ind	инд	210
инуктитут	iu	iku	iku	инк	217
инупиак	ik	ipk	ipk	инп	218
ирландский язык	ga	gle	gle	ирл	220
исландский язык	is	ice/isl	isl	исл	225
испанский язык	es	esl/spa	spa	исп	230
итальянский язык	it	ita	ita	ита	235
ительменский	—	—	itl	ите	240
йоруба	yo	yor	yor	йор	245
кабардино-черкесский язык	—	kbd	kbd	каа	250
кабильский язык	—	kab	kab	каб	251
кави	—	kaw	kaw	каг	252
каддо	—	cad	cad	кад	254
казахский	kk	kaz	kaz	каз	255
казахский язык	kk	kaz	kaz	каз
калмыцкий язык	—	xal	xal	кал	260
камба	—	kam	kam	кам	263
каннада	kn	kan	kan	кан	265
канури	kr	kau	kau	кау	267
капампанганский язык	—	pam	pam	пам	528
караимский	—	—	kdr	каи	270
каракалпакский язык	—	kaa	kaa	кал	275
карачаево-балкарский	—	krc	krc	као	280
карельский	—	krl	krl	кас	285
кариб	—	car	car	кар	288
каталанский язык	ca	cat	cat	кат	290
качинский	—	kac	kac	кач	293
кашмири	ks	kas	kas	каш	294
кечуа	qu	que	que	кеч	300
кикуйю	ki	kik	kik	кик	302
киньяма	kj	kua	kua	кия	303
киргизский язык	ky	kir	kir	кир/кыр	305
коми	kv	kom	kom	кои	320
коми-пермяцкий	—	—	koi	ком	325
конго	kg	kon	kon	кон	326
конкани	—	kok	kok	кок	327
коптский язык	—	cop	cop	коп	328
корейский язык	ko	kor	kor	коо	330
корнский язык	kw	cor	cor	кор	332
корсиканский	co	cos	cos	кос	334
корякский	—	—	kpy	коя	335
коса	xh	xho	xho	коа	340
кпелле	—	kpe	kpe	кпе	341
крик	—	mus	mus	крк	344
крымскотатарский язык	—	crh	crh	кры	347
кумам				kdi
кумыкский язык	—	kum	kum	кум	349
курдский язык	ku	kur	kur	кур	350
курух	—	kru	kru	куу	352
кусайе	—	kos	kos	кус	353
кутенай	—	kut	kut	кут	354
кхаси	—	kha	kha	кха	357
кхмерский язык	km	khm	khm	кхм	360
ладино	—	lad	lad	лад	363
лакский	—	—	lbe	лак	370
ламба	—	lam	lam	лам	373
лаосский	lo	lao	lao	лао	375
латынь	la	lat	lat	лат	380
латышский язык	lv	lav	lav	лаш	385
лахнда	—	lah	lah	лах	387
лезгинский	—	lez	lez	лез	390
лингала	ln	lin	lin	лин	395
литовский язык	lt	lit	lit	лит	400
лози	—	loz	loz	лоз	402
луба-катанга	lu	lub	lub	луб	404
луганда	lg	lug	lug	ган	148
луисеньо	—	lui	lui	луи	406
лунда	—	lun	lun	лун	407
луо (кения и танзания)	—	luo	luo	луо	408
люксембургский язык	lb	ltz	ltz	люк	409
магахи	—	mag	mag	маг	410
мадурский	—	mad	mad	мад	411
майтхили	—	mai	mai	май	412
макассарский	—	mak	mak	мак	414
македонский язык	mk	mac/mkd	mkd	маа	415
малагасийский язык	mg	mlg	mlg	млг	418
малайский язык	ms	may/msa	msa	маз	420
малаялам	—	mal	mal	мал	425
мальтийский язык	mt	mlt	mlt	млт	430
мандинго	—	man	man	май	432
манипури	—	mni	mni	мни	433
мансийский (вогульский)	—	—	mns	ман	435
маори	mi	mao/mri	mri	мао	437
маратхи	mr	mar	mar	мар	440
марвари	—	mwr	mwr	мвр	443
марийский (черемисский)	—	chm	chm	мач	445
маршалльский	mh	mah	mah	маш	446
масааба				myx
масаи	—	mas	mas	мас	447
менде	—	men	men	мен	451
микмак	—	mic	mic	мик	452
минангкабау	—	min	min	мин	453
мокшанский	—	mdf	mdf	мок	455
молдавский язык	mo	mol	mol	мол	460
монго	—	lol	lol	мог	462
монгольский язык	mn	mon	mon	мон	463
мооре	—	mos	mos	мос	466
мохаук	—	moh	moh	мох	467
мэнский (мэнкский)	gv	glv	glv	мэн	469
навахо	nv	nav	nav	нав	470
нанайский (гольдский)	—	—	gld	нан	471
науру	na	nau	nau	нау	472
ндебеле	nd	nde	nde	нде	473
ндебеле южный	nr	nbl	nbl	нбл	474
ндунга	ng	ndo	ndo	нду	475
неварский	—	new	new	нев	478
неидентифицированный	—	und	und	унд	480
немецкий язык	de	deu/ger	deu	нем	481
ненецкий язык	—	—	yrk	нен	482
непальский язык	ne	nep	nep	неп	485
нзима	—	nzi	nzi	нзи	487
нивхский (гиляцкий)	—	—	niv	нив	490
нидерландский средневековый	—	dum	dum	нис	496
ниуэ	—	niu	niu	ниу	498
новонорвежский язык	nn	nno	nno	нно	513
ногайский	—	nog	nog	ног	505
норвежский букмол	no	nor	nor	нор	506
ньоро	—	nyo	nyo	ньо	508
ньямвези	—	nym	nym	ням	509
ньянджа	ny	nya	nya	нян	510
ньянколе	—	nyn	nyn	нья	512
оджибве	oj	oji	oji	одж	515
окситанский	oc	oci	oci	окс	517
ория	or	ori	ori	ори	520
оромо	om	orm	orm	орм	522
оседжи	—	osa	osa	осе	523
осетинский язык	os	oss	oss	ост	524
палау	—	pau	pau	пал	526
пали	pi	pli	pli	пли	527
пангасинанский язык	—	pag	pag	паг	529
папьяменто	—	pap	pap	пап	533
пенджаби	pa	pan	pan	пан	530
пехлевийский	—	pal	pal	пех	537
польский язык	pl	pol	pol	пол	540
понапе	—	pon	pon	пон	542
португальский язык	pt	por	por	пор	545
пушту	ps	pus	pus	пуш	550
раджастхани	—	raj	raj	рад	555
разных семей языки	—	mul	mul	мул	556
раротонга	—	rar	rar	рар	557
ретороманский	rm	roh	roh	рет	560
руанда	rw	kin	kin	кин	304
румынский	ro	ron/rum	ron	рум	565
рунди	rn	run	run	рун	567
русский язык	ru	rus	rus	рус	570
самаритянский арамейский	—	sam	sam	сам	577
самоанский язык	sm	smo	smo	смо	578
санго	sg	sag	sag	саг	579
сандаве	—	sad	sad	сад	580
санскрит	sa	san	san	сан	581
сапотекский	—	zap	zap	сап	582
сардинский	sc	srd	srd	срд	583
свази	ss	ssw	ssw	сва	584
себуанский язык	—	ceb	ceb	себ	587
северный сото	—	nso	nso	сос	617
селькупский	—	sel	sel	сел	590
сербский язык	sr	scc	srp	кеч	300
серер	—	srr	srr	срр	596
сидама	—	sid	sid	сид	597
сиксика	—	bla	bla	сик	598
сингальский	si	sin	sin	син	599
синдхи	sd	snd	snd	снд	600
сирийский язык	—	syr	syr	сир	602
словацкий язык	sk	slk/slo	slk	сло	605
словенский язык	sl	slv	slv	слв	610
согдийский	—	sog	sog	сог	613
сомалийский язык	so	som	som	сом	615
среднеанглийский	—	enm	enm	сра	619
средневерхненемецкий	—	gmh	gmh	срн	620
среднеирландский	—	mga	mga	сеи	621
среднефранцузский	—	frm	frm	срф	622
староверхненемецкий	—	goh	goh	свн	624
староирландский	—	sga	sga	сти	625
старонорвежский	—	non	non	стн	626
староперсидский	—	peo	peo	стп	627
старопровансальский	—	pro	pro	спр	628
старотурецкий	—	ota	ota	стт	629
старофранцузский	—	fro	fro	стф	630
суахили	sw	swa	swa	суа	631
сукума	—	suk	suk	сук	632
сунданский	su	sun	sun	сун	633
сусу	—	sus	sus	сус	634
табасаранский	—	—	tab	таб	635
тагальский язык	tl	tgl	tgl	таг	636
таджикский язык	tg	tgk	tgk	тад	640
таитянский	ty	tah	tah	тая	647
тайский язык	th	tha	tha	таи	645
талышский	—	—	tly	тал	650
тамашек	—	tmh	tmh	тмш	653
тамильский язык	ta	tam	tam	там	655
татарский язык	tt	tat	tat	тар	660
тви	tw	twi	twi	тви	670
телугу	te	tel	tel	тел	675
темне	—	tem	tem	тем	677
терено	—	ter	ter	тер	678
тибетский	bo	bod/tib	bod	тиб	680
тиви	—	tiw	tiw	тив	681
тигре	—	tig	tig	тиг	682
тигринья	ti	tir	tir	тир	683
тлингит	—	tli	tli	тли	684
тонга (ньяса)	—	tog	tog	тог	685
тонганский	to	ton	ton	тон	686
традиционный китайский язык	zh	chi/zho	zho	кит	315
трукский	—	—	chk	тру	687
тсишингини	tn	tsn	tsn	тсн	688
тсонга	ts	tso	tso	тсо	689
тувинский	—	tyv	tyv	тув	690
тумбука	—	tum	tum	тум	692
турецкий язык	tr	tur	tur	тур	693
туркменский язык	tk	tuk	tuk	тук	695
угаритский	—	uga	uga	уга	697
удмуртский (вотяцкий)	—	udm	udm	удм	700
удэгейский	—	—	ude	удэ	705
узбекский язык	uz	uzb	uzb	узб	710
уйгурский язык	ug	uig	uig	уйг	715
украинский язык	uk	ukr	ukr	укр	720
ульчский	—	—	ulc	уль	725
умбунду	—	umb	umb	умб	727
урду (пакистан)	ur	urd	urd	урд	730
фанг	—	fan	fan	фан	732
фанти	—	fat	fat	фат	733
фарерский язык	fo	fao	fao	фар	735
фарси (персидский)	fa	fas/per	fas	пер	535
фиджийский язык	fj	fij	fij	фид	737
финикийский	—	phn	phn	фик	738
финский язык	fi	fin	fin	фин	740
французский язык	fr	fra/fre	fra	фра	745
фулах	ff	ful	ful	фул	752
хайда	—	hai	hai	хай	753
хакасский язык	—	—	kjh	хак	755
хантыйский (остяцкий)	—	—	kca	хан	760
хауса	ha	hau	hau	хау	761
хилигайнон	—	hil	hil	хил	762
хинди	hi	hin	hin	хин	770
хиримоту	ho	hmo	hmo	хмо	772
хотанский	—	kho	kho	хот	773
хупа	—	hup	hup	хуп	774
цахурский	—	—	tkr	цах	775
церковнославянский язык	cu	chu	chu	цер	777
цимшиан	—	tsi	tsi	цим	778
цыганский	—	rom	rom	цыг	780
чагатайский	—	chg	chg	чаг	781
чаморро	ch	cha	cha	чам	782
чероки	—	chr	chr	чер	784
чеченский язык	ce	che	che	чеч	785
чешский язык	cs	ces/cze	ces	чеш	790
чжуанский	za	zha	zha	чжу	791
чибча	—	chb	chb	чиб	792
чинук жаргон	—	chn	chn	чин	793
чоктав	—	cho	cho	чок	794
чувашский язык	cv	chv	chv	чув	795
чукотский	—	—	ckt	чук	800
шайенн (чейенн)	—	chy	chy	чей	783
шанский	—	shn	shn	шан	803
шведский язык	sv	sve/swe	swe	шве	805
шона	sn	sna	sna	шон	807
шорский	—	—	cjs	шор	810
шотландский язык (кельтский)	—	sco	sco	—	—
шугнанский	—	—	sgh	шуг	815
шумерский	—	sux	sux	шум	817
эве	ee	ewe	ewe	эве	820
эвенкийский (тунгусский)	—	—	evn	эвк	825
эвенский	—	—	eve	эвн	830
эвондо	—	ewo	ewo	эво	832
экаджук	—	eka	eka	эка	833
эламский	—	elx	elx	эла	834
эрзянский	—	myv	myv	эрз	835
эсперанто, глосс	eo	epo	epo	эсп	845
эстонский язык	et	est	est	эст	850
эфик	—	efi	efi	эфи	852
южный сото	st	sot	sot	сот	618
яванский	jv	jav/jaw	jav	ява	860
якутский язык	—	sah	sah	яку	865
яо	—	yao	yao	яоа	867
яп	—	yap	yap	япа	868
японский язык	ja	jpn	jpn	япо	870

Иноязычные словари
Орфографический словарь
Словари Эсперанто
Словарь компьютерных терминов на Эсперанто

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This List of German abbreviations includes abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms found in the German language. Because German words can be famously long, use of abbreviation is particularly common. Even the language’s shortest words are often abbreviated, such as the conjunction und (and) written just as «u.» This article covers standard abbreviations in colloquial and official use. It does not include abbreviations that are important historically but no longer in common usage, such as k. u. k. for Imperial and Royal and OKW for Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.

Types[edit]

As in English or Latin, German written abbreviations consist of a letter, letters or partial words shortened from a longer word or phrase, such as etc. for et cetera. Acronyms are a type of abbreviation pronounced as a single word, such as Laser. Initialisms are abbreviations in which each initial in the abbreviation is pronounced separately, such as FBI. It is unsettled question in English style guides whether the word acronym can be used to also describe initialisms. This list makes a distinction between the types because of the way German-speakers create, use and pronounce them.

• Abbreviations: German written abbreviations are often punctuated and are pronounced as the full word when read aloud, such as beispielsweise for bspw. («for example»). Unlike English, which is moving away from periods in abbreviations in some style guides, the placement of capital letters and periods is important in German.^[1]
• Acronyms are abbreviations consisting of initials of words in the original phrase, written without periods, and pronounced as if they were a single word. Examples that have made their way into German from English include Laser or NATO. In German, acronyms retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.^[1]
• Syllable words (German: Silbenkurzwörter), or syllabic abbreviation or clipping, is a particularly German method of creating an acronym by combining the first two or more letters of each word to form a single word. An example is the gummy bear brand Haribo, which is derived from the name of its creator Hans Riegel and the city where it was created, Bonn. A number of German syllable words have made it into English usage, such as Adidas, from company founder Adi Dassler, and Gestapo for Geheime StaatsPolizei (Secret State Police). Although used and pronounced as words in their own right, according to Helmut Glück they are classified as acronyms.^[2]
• Initialism is a type of abbreviation consisting of the initials of each word in a phrase, almost always capitalized, and pronounced separately. In German they are never punctuated. Examples include EU for European Union and DDR for German Democratic Republic. Initialisms are typically found in commercial, government, legal, medical, scientific and technical uses. In German, initialisms retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.^[1]

Key to Sources in Tables[edit]

These sources apply to all three tables. In special cases an entry will be additionally referenced.

Key	Source	Dates	Type	Citation
L	Langenscheidt’s Compact German Dictionary	1993, 2003	Reference work	[3]
Da	Dartmouth College Department of German	2019	academic website	[1]
DW	Deutsche Welle	2015, 2020	Public broadcaster	[4][5][6]
T	ThoughtCo, via Dotdash	2020	Listicle	[7]
F	FluentU, based on abkuerzungen.de [1]	2018	Blog	[8]

List of German abbreviations[edit]

This is a selection of standard written abbreviations and symbols in German. The primary reference is Langenscheidt with additional sources providing more current uses and an indication of their popularity. German abbreviations are pronounced just like the full word or phrase when read aloud. Measurements are normally reduced to initials, written in lowercase, and without punctuation. Measurements of capacity in cooking can be uppercase.^[1]

Abbreviation	German	English Equivalent	Notes	Sources
Ø	Durchschnitt	average		[9]
€	Euro	Euro		T
*	geboren (geb.)	born		T
†	gestorben (gest.)	died		T
am.	amerikanisch	American	adjective	L, T
amtl.	amtlich	official		L, T
Anh.	Anhang	appendix		L, T
Ank.	Ankunft	arrival		L, T
Anl.	Anlage	enclosure		L, T
Anm.	Anmerkung	note		L, T
anschl.	anschließend	following		L
a.o.	außerordentlicher Professor	Associate professor		L
App.	Apartment/Wohnung	apartment	accommodations/real estate	L, T, F
App.	Apparat	extension	telephone	L
a.Rh.	am Rhein	on the Rhine	in place names	L, T
Art.	Artikel	article		L
Aufl.	Auflage	edition	books	L, T
Ausg.	Ausgabe	copy	books	L
AW	Antwort	Re:, in reply	email	T
B	Bundesstraße	Federal highway	German and Austrian national highways	L
b.	bei	at, with, near, c/o		L, T
Bd., Bde.	Band, Bände	volume(s)	books	L, T
beil.	beiliegend	enclosed		L, T
bes.	besonders	especially		L, T
bspw.	beispielsweise	for example		Da, F
Best.-Nr.	Bestellnummer	order number		L, T
Betr.	Betreff	Re:, regarding		L, T
Bev.	Bevölkerung	pop., population		L
Bez.	Bezeichnung, Bezirk	term, designation district		L, T
Bhf.	Bahnhof	railroad station		L, T
brit.	britisch	British	as an adjective	L
b.w.	bitte wenden	please turn over	common way to close an email message to friends	L, T, F
bzgl.	bezüglich	with reference to	relating to, regarding	L, T
bzw.	beziehungsweise	respectively	meaning varies in context, can also be: and/or, but, rather, alternatively, more specifically	L, Da, DW, T, F
ca.	circa, ungefähr, etwa	circa, about, approximately		L, T
Chr.	Christus	Christ		T
cm	Zentimeter	Centimetre		L, Da
d.Ä.	der Ältere	senior, the elder, Sr.	also see d.J. below	L, T
dazw.	dazwischen	between		F
desgl.	desgleichen	likewise, ditto		F
dF, dtF	deutsche Fassung	German dubbed version	film/movies	T
dgl.	dergleichen/desgleichen	the like		L, T, Da
d.h.	das heißt	i.e., that is		L, T
d.i.	das ist	i.e., that is		L
Di	Dienstag	Tuesday	date/time	L, T
Dipl.	Diplom	Diplom	an academic degree in the German-speaking countries	L
Dipl.-Ing.	Diplom-Ingenieur	Engineer, M.S.		L, T
Dipl.-Kfm.	Diplom-Kaufmann	Master of Business Administration		T
Dir.	Direktion	administrative office		T
Dir.	Direktor	administrator, manager, principal		L, T
Dir.	Dirigent	conductor	of music	T
d.J.	der Jüngere	junior, the younger, Jr.	also see d.Ä. above	L, T
d.M.	dieses Monats	of this month		L, F
d.O.	die (das) Obige	the above-mentioned		L
d.o.	dito	ditto		L, F
Do	Donnerstag	Thursday	date/time	L, T
Dr.	Doktor	Doctor		L
Dr. med.	Doktor der Medizin	M.D., Medical Doctor		L, T
Dr. phil.	Doktor der Philosophie	Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy		L, T
Dr. sc. nat.	Doktor der Naturwissenschaften	Sc. D., Doctor of Science		L
dt.	deutsch	German	as an adjective	L, T
Dtzd.	Dutzend	dozen		L, T
e.h.	ehrenhalber	hon., honorary	degree, etc.	L, T
ehem.	ehemals/ehemalig	formerly/former		L, T
eigtl.	eigentlich	actually, really		L, T
einschl.	einschließlich	including, inclusive		L, T
engl.	englisch	English	as an adjective	L
EL	Esslöffel	tpsp., tablespoon	in recipes	T, Da
E-Literatur	erhobene Literatur	serious literature		T
E-Musik	erhobene Musik	Classical music		T
entspr.	entsprechend	corresponding, accordingly		L, T
erb.	erbaut	built, erected		L, T
Erw.	Erwachsene	adults		L, T
erw.	erweitert	expanded, extended		T
ev.	evangelisch	Protestant		L, T
e.V.	eingetragener Verein	registered organization not-for-profit organization		Da, L, T
evtl.	eventuell	perhaps, possibly	note this does not mean «eventually»	Da, L, T
e.Wz.	eingetragenes Warenzeichen	registered trademark		T
exkl.	exklusive	excluding, exclusive of		L, T
f.	für	for		DW
f./ff.	folgende Seite(n)	and following page(s)		L, F
Fa.	Firma	company, firm		L, T
Fam.	Familie	family		L, T
FdH	Friss die Hälfte	Eating half	Popular German dieting practice which recommends eating only half of what you’d usually ingest during a typical day	DW
F.f., Forts. f.	Fortsetzung folgt	to be continued		L, T
Ffm.	Frankfurt am Main	Frankfurt		T
FKK	Freikörperkultur	Free Body Culture	nudist movement with a long history in Germany	L, DW
Fr	Freitag	Friday	date/time	L, T, DW
Fr.	Frau	Mrs./Ms.		L, T, DW
fr.	frei	free		DW
Frl.	Fräulein	Miss	In modern usage any German woman age 18 or above is addressed as Frau, whether married or not.	L, T
Frfr.	Freifrau	Baroness		DW
frz.	französisch	French	as an adjective	L, T
g	Gramm	gram, grams		L, T
geb.	geboren, geborene	born, née		L, T, Da, F
Gebr.	Gebrüder	Bros., brothers		L, T
gedr.	gedruckt	printed		T
gegr.	gegründet	established, founded		L, T
gek.	gekürzt	abridged	of books	L, T
Ges.	Gesellschaft	association, company, society		L, T
gesch.	geschieden	divorced		L, T, DW
geschl.	geschlossen	closed		DW
geschr.	geschrieben	written		DW
ges.gesch.	gesetzlich geschützt	patented		L, DW
gest.	gestorben	died, deceased		L, T
gez.	gezeichnet	signed		L, T
ggf./ggfs.	gegebenenfalls	if applicable, if required		L, T, Da
GmbH	Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung	Limited liability company	GesmbH in Austria	L, T
gGmbH	gemeinnützige GmbH	Nonprofit organization		L
ha	Hektar	Hectare		L, T
Hbf.	Hauptbahnhof	Central railway station		L, T
hpts.	hauptsächlich	mainly		T
Hptst.	Hauptstadt	capital city		T
Hr./Hrn.	Herr/Herrn	Mister		L, T
Hrsg.	Herausgeber	editor, edited by		L, T
i.A.	im Auftrag	per, as per	often at the bottom of an official letter when somebody signs on behalf of somebody else	L, T
i.b.	im besonderen	in particular		L, T
i.B.	im Breisgau	in Breisgau	used in place names	T
IC	Intercityzug	InterCity train		T
ICE	Intercity-Expresszug	Intercity Express		T
i.D.	im Durchschnitt	on average		L, F
i.H.	im Hause	in-house, on the premises		T
i.J.	im Jahre	in the year		L, T
Ing.	Ingenieur	engineer	title	L, T
Inh.	Inhaber	owner, proprietor		L, T
Inh.	Inhalt	contents	books	L, T
inkl.	inklusive	including, inclusive of		L, T
i.R.	im Ruhestand	ret., retired		L, T
i.V.	in Vertretung	by proxy, on behalf of		T
i.V.	in Vorbereitung	in preparation		T
i.V.	im Vorjahr	in the previous year		L, T
inzw.	inzwischen	in the meantime		F
jew.	jeweils	each, each of, each time
Jh.	Jahrhundert	century		L, T, F
JH	Jugendherberge	youth hostel		T
jhrl.	jährlich	annual(ly), yearly	date/time	L, T
JWD	janz weit draussen	way out there	Berliner dialect for «in the middle of nowhere»	DW
k.A.	keine Angabe	not rated	film/movies	T
Kap.	Kapitel	chapter		L, T
kath.	katholisch	Catholic	adjective	L, T
Kfm.	Kaufmann	merchant, businessman, dealer, agent		L, T
kfm.	kaufmännisch	commercial		L, T
Kfz	Kraftfahrzeug	motor vehicle		L, T
kg	Kilogramm	kilogram		L, F
kgl.	königlich	royal		L, T
Kl.	Klasse	class		L, T
km	Kilometer	kilometer		L, F
kompl.	komplette	complete		F
kW	Kilowatt	kilowatt		L, F
l	Liter	liter, litre		L, T, Da
l.	links	left		L, F
led.	ledig	unmarried		L, F
LG	Liebe Grüsse	loving regards	common way to close an email message to friends	DW
LKW/Lkw	Lastkraftwagen	truck, lorry	also used for Sport Utility Vehicle	L, T
L.m.a.A	Leck mich am Arsch	kiss my ass	Known as the Swabian salute, via Goethe and Mozart[10]	DW
m	Meter	meter		L, F
mm	Millimeter	millimeter		L, F
MA	Mittlealter	Middle Ages		L, T
m.a.W.	mit anderen Worten	in other words		L, F
max.	maximal	maximum		L
m.E.	meines Erachtens	in my opinion		L, T, Da, F
MfG	Mit freundlichen Grüßen	with friendly regards	for formal emails, the standard way of closing a German business letter	DW, T, F
Mi	Mittwoch	Wednesday	date/time	L, T
Mil.	Million(en)	million(s)		L
Mio.	Million(en)	million(s)		L, T
m.M./m.M.n.	meiner Meinung/meiner Meinung nach	in my opinion		F, DW
Mo	Montag	Monday	date/time	L, T
möbl.	möbliert	furnished	accommodation/real estate	L, T
Mrd.	Milliarde(n)	billion(s)		L, T
Msp.	Messerspitze	«knife tip», a pinch of…	recipes	T
mtl.	monatlich	monthly	date/time	L, T
mdl.	mündlich	verbal		L
m.ü.M.	Meter über dem Meerespiegel	meters above sea level		L
m.W.	meines Wissens	as far as I know		L, T, F
MwSt., Mw.-St.	Mehrwertsteuer	VAT, Value-Added Tax	In Switzerland, MWST	L, T
N	Nord(en)	north	compass point	L, T
n.	nach	after		L
näml.	nämlich	namely, viz., i.e.		L, T
n.Chr.	nach Christus	AD, Anno Domini		L, T, Da
n.J.	nächsten Jahres	next year		L
NNO	Nordnordost	north-northeast	compass point	T
NNW	Nordnordwest	north-northwest	C	T
NO	Nordosten	northeast	C	L, T
nördl.	nördlich	northern		L
norw.	norwegisch	Norwegian	as an adjective	L
Nr.	Nummer	No., number		L, T
NS	Nachschrift	PS, postscript		T
n.u.Z.	nach unserer Zeitrechnung	modern era		T
NW	Nordwest(en)	northwest	compass point	L
O	Ost(en)	east	compass point	L, T, DW
o.	oben	above		L, T, DW
o.	oder	or		L, DW
o.	ohne	without		L, DW
ö	öffentlich	public		DW
o.A.	ohne Altersbeschränkung	approved for all ages	film/movies	T
o.a.	oben angeführt	above-metioned		L
o.ä.	oder ähnliche	and the like		L
o.B.	ohne Befund	negative results		L
od.	oder	or		L, T, Da
o.g.	oben genannt	above mentioned		T
OmU	Originalfassung mit Untertiteln	original version with subtitles	in film/movies	T
OSO	Ostsüdost	east-southeast	compass point	T
O-Ton	Originalton	original soundtrack	film/movies	T
österr.	österreichisch	Austrian	as an adjective	L
p.Adr.	per Adresse	c/o, care of		L, T
Pfd.	Pfund	lb., pound	weight	L, T
Pkt.	Punkt	point		L, F
Pkw/PKW	Personenkraftwagen	automobile, car		L, T
Pl.	Platz	square, plaza		L, T
PLZ	Postleitzahl	postal code		L, T
PS	Pferdestärke	horsepower		L, T
qkm	Quadratkilometer	square kilometer	obsolete, k2 is preferred	L, T
qm	Quadratmeter	square meter	obsolete, m2 is preferred	L, T
r.	rechts	right		L, T
RA	Rechtsanwalt	attorney, lawyer, barrister		L, T
Reg.-Bez.	Regierungsbezirk	admin. district		L, T
R-Gespräch	Retour-Gespräch	collect call, reverse-charge call		T
r.k., r.-k., röm.-kath.	römisch-katholisch	RC, Roman Catholic		L, T
röm.	römisch	Roman	adjective	L, T
S	Süd(en)	south	compass point	L, T, DW
S.	Seite	p., page		T, DW
s.	sich	oneself, yourself	with reflexive verbs	T
s.	siehe	see		L, DW
s.a.	siehe auch	see also		T, Da
Sa.	Samstag	Saturday	date/time	L, T
schles.	schlesisch	Silesian	as an adjective	T
schwäb.	schwäbisch	Swabian	as an adjective	T
schweiz.	schweizerisch	Swiss	as an adjective	L, T
sek.	Sekunde	second	date/time	F
SO	Südost(en)	south-east	compass point	L, DW
So	Sonntag	Sunday	date/time	T, DW
s.o.	siehe oben	see above		L, T, DW
sog.	so genannt	so-called		L, T, DW
St.	Sankt	saint		L, T
St.	Stück	(per) piece		L, T, F
Std.	Stunde	hour		L, F
Str.	Straße	street, road		L, F
StR.	Studienrat	tenured teacher		T
s.u.	siehe unten	see below		L, Da
südd.	süddeutsch	southern German	adjective	?
SW, s/w	schwarz/weiß	black & white	film/movies	T
SW	Südwest(en)	southwest	compass point	L, T
SZ	Schlafzimmer	bedroom	used in accommodations/real estate	F
t	Tonne(n)	ton(s)		L
tägl.	täglich	daily, per day		L, F
Tel.	Telefon	telephone		L, F
TL	Teelöffel	teaspoon	in recipes	F, Da
u.	und	and		T, F, Da
U	Umleitung	detour		L, T
u.a.	und andere	and others		L, T
u.a.	unter anderem	among others		L, T
u.Ä.	und Ähnliches	and the like		L, T
u.ä.	und ähnlich	and similarly		T
u.a.m.	und andere(s) mehr	and more, etc.		?
u.A.w.g.	um Antwort wird gebeten	RSVP		L, T
übl./üblw.	üblich/üblicherweise	usual		F
usw.	und so weiter	and so on, etc.	note punctuation	L, T, Da, F
u.v.a.(m)	und vieles andere (mehr)	and many others		T
u.U.	unter Umständen	in certain circumstances, possibly		L, T, Da
u.zw.	und zwar	and so on		L, F
V.	Vers	line, verse		L, T
v.	von	of		L
v.a.	vor allem	above all, especially		Da
v.Chr.	vor Christus	BC, before Christ		T, Da
Verf.	Verfasser	author		L, T
verh.	verheiratet	married		T, F
verw.	verwitwet	widowed		L, T
VG	Viele Grüsse	many greetings	casual signoff in email	DW
vgl.	vergleiche	cf., compare, reference		L, T, Da
v.H.	vom Hundert	percent, per 100		L, T
vorm.	vormals	formerly		L, T
vorm.	vormittags	a.m., in the morning	date/time	L, T
v.R.w.	von Rechts wegen	by law		L, T
v.T.	vom Tausend	per 1000		L, T
v.u.Z.	vor unserer Zeitrechnung	Before the Common Era	BC	L, T
W	West(en)	west	compass point	L, T
wstl.	westlich	western		L
w.o.	wie oben	as above		F
WSW	Westsüdwest	west-southwest	compass point	L, T
Wwe/Wwer	Witwe/Witwer	widow/widower		F
Wz	Warenzeichen	Trademark		L
Z.	Zahl	number		L, T, DW
Z.	Zeile	line		L, T, DW
z.	zu, zum, zur	at, to		L, T, DW
z.B.	zum Beispiel	e.g., for example		T, Da
z.Hd.	zu Händen, zu Handen	attn., attention of		L, T
Zi.	Zimmer	room		L, T
z.T.	zum Teil	partly, in part		L, Da, F
Ztr.	Zentner	100 kg		L
zur.	zurück	back		L, T
zus.	zusammen	together		L, T
zzgl.	zuzüglich	plus, in addition		T
z.Z./z.Zt.	zur Zeit	at present		L, T, Da

List of German acronyms[edit]

An acronym is a general type of abbreviation formed from the initial components of words in a longer name or phrase and pronounced as words. Included in this table are syllable words (German: Silbenkurzwörter), with the fragments used to create the clipping displayed in bold.

Abbreviation	German	English	Notes
DaF	Deutsch als Fremdsprach	German as a foreign language
DIN	Deutsches Institut für Normung	German Institute for Standardization
KaDeWe	Kaufhaus des Westens	large Berlin dept. store		T, DW
Kripo	Kriminalpolizei	police crime unit, CID (Br.)
Laser
NATO
TÜV	Technische Überwachungsverein	The TÜV is responsible for product safety. German motorists must submit their cars to a «tuef inspection», and failing it means having no car to drive.

Silben(kurz)wort	Vollform/Kompositum mit Silbentrennung	laut Fachliteratur
Jusos	Jung|so|zia|lis|ten	[11]
Kita	Kin|der|ta|ges|stät|te bzw. Kin|der|ta|ges|ein|rich|tung	[12][13]
Kripo	Kri|mi|nal|po|li|zei	[12][11]
Schiri	Schieds|rich|ter	[12]
Stabi	Staats|bib|lio|thek	[11]
Trafo	Trans|for|ma|tor	[11] (mit Hinweis auf den Sonderfall des Präfix trans-)
Elko	E|lekt|ro|lyt|kon|den|sa|tor	[11]
Mofa	Mo|to|ri|sier|tes Fahr|rad
Vokuhila	Vor|ne kurz, hin|ten lang

List of German initialisms[edit]

Acronyms pronounced as individual letters are rather than words are more specifically called initialisms. They are written without periods and retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.^[1]

Abbreviation	German	English	Notes	Ref
AA	Anonyme Alkoholiker	Alcoholics Anonymous		L, DW
AA	Auswärtiges Amt	Foreign Office, State Department		DW
ADAC	Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club	General German Auto Club	largest auto club in Europe	T
AfD	Alternative für Deutschland	Alternative for Germany	political party
AG	Aktiengesellschaft	Joint-stock company
AGB	die Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen	Terms and Conditions (of Use)
ARD	Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland	ARD	broadcaster
AOK	Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse	public health insurance		T
ASW	außersinnliche Wahrnehmung	Extrasensory Perception		T
BBk	Deutsche Bundesbank	German Federal Bank		[14]
BGB	Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch	German Civil Code		T
BGH	Bundesgerichtshof	Federal Constitutional Court
BIP	Bruttoinlandsprodukt	Gross Domestic Product
BKA	Bundeskriminalamt	Federal Criminal Police Office	Germany’s «FBI»	T
BLZ	Bankleitzahl	Bank Code Number		T
BMBF	Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung	Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMF	Bundesministerium der Finanzen	Federal Ministry of Finance
BMG	Bundesministerium für Gesundheit	Federal Ministry of Health
BMI	Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat	Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community
BMVg	Bundesministerium der Verteidigung	Federal Ministry of Defence
BMU	Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit	Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
BMVI	Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur	Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
BMW	Bayerische Motoren Werke	Bavarian Motor Works		[15]
BMZ	Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung	Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
BPOL	Bundespolizei	Federal Police
BR	Bayrischer Rundfunk	Bavarian Broadcasting		[15]
BRD	Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Federal Republic of Germany
C&A	Clemens & August	C&A	popular clothing chain	T
CDU	Christlich-Demokratische Union	Christian Democratic Union	political party
CSU	Christlich-Soziale Union	Christian Social Union	political party
CVJF	Christlicher Verein Junger Frauen	YWCA	In Switzerland, the YWCA and YMCA merged in 1973 to form Cevi Schweitz	T
CVJM	Christlicher Verein Junger Menschen	YMCA
CJK	Creutzfeld-Jakob-Krankheit	Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
DAAD	Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst	German Academic Exchange Service
DAG	Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft	German Salaried Employees’ Union	Obsolete, now ver.di
DB	Deutsche Bahn	German Rail
DDR	Deutsche Demokratische Republik	German Democratic Republic	The former state of East Germany
DFB	Deutscher Fußballbund	German Football Association
DGB	Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund	German Trade Union Confederation
DIHK	Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer	Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce
DIN	Deutsches Institut für Normung	German Institute for Standard
DJH	Deutsches Jugendherbergswerk	German Youth Hostel Association
DKP	Deutsche Kommunistische Partei	German Communist Party
DM	Deutsche Mark	Deutsche Mark
DPD	Deutscher Paketdienst	German Package Service	the German «UPS»
DRK	Deutsches Rotes Kreuz	German Red Cross
DT	Deutsche Telekom	Deutsche Telekom
DuÖAV	Deutscher und Österreichischer Alpenverein	German and Austrian Alpine Club	Ceased to exist in 1938; the German Alpine Club and Austrian Alpine Club were later re-established.
DVU	Deutsche Volksunion	German People’s Union	political party
EEG	Elektroenzephalografie	Electroencephalography	medicine/science/technology
EKG	Elektrokardiogramm	Electrocardiography	medicine/science/technology
EU	Europäische Union	European Union		[15]
EZB	Europäische Zentralbank	European Central Bank
FAZ	Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung	Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung	Germany’s «New York Times»	T
FC	Fußball Club	Football Club
FCKW	Fluor-Chlor-Kohlenwasserstoff	Chlorofluorocarbon	medicine/science/technology
FDB	Freie Demokratische Partei	Free Democratic Party	political party
FH	Fachhochschule	University of Applied Sciences
FKK	Freikörperkultur	Free body culture	Naturism
FRA	Frankfurter Flughafen	Frankfurt Airport
FSK	Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft	Self-Regulatory Body of the Movie Industry	The German motion picture content rating system
FU	Freie Universität Berlin	Free University of Berlin
GG	Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany	Constitution of Germany	L
GEW	Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft	Education and Science Workers’ Union		Not T
GEZ	Gebühreneinzugszentrale der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Contribution service of ARD, ZDF and Deutschlandradio	Former German agency responsible for collecting mandatory fees for public TV and radio
GUS	Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten	Commonwealth of Independent States
HH	Hansestadt Hamburg	Hamburg	on license plates
HNO	Hals Nase Ohren	Ear, Nose and Throat	medicine/science/technology
H+M	Hennes & Mauritz	H&M	popular clothing chain
HTL, HTLA	Höhere Technische Lehranstalt	Technical school	an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria	not T
HTBLA	Höhere Technische Bundeslehranstalt	Federal Higher Technical Institute	an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria	not T
HTBLuVA	Höhere Technische Bundes-Lehr- und -Versuchsanstalt	Federal Higher Technical Institute for Education and Experimentation	an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria	not T
IFO	Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung	Institute for Economic Research		L
IHK	Industrie- und Handelskammer	Chamber of Industry and Commerce	Regional, cross-industry associations
IOK	Internationales Olympisches Komitee	International Olympic Committee
IWF	Internationale Währungsfonds	International Monetary Fund
JH	Jugendherberge	Youth Hostel
JVA	Justizvollzugsanstalt	Prisons in Germany
KfzPflVV	Kraftfahrzeug-Pflichtversicherungsverordnung	Motor vehicle liability insurance	legal	DW
KG	Kommanditgesellschaft	Limited partnership
KKW	Kernkraftwerk	Nuclear power plant
KSZE	Konferenz über Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa	Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
LG	Landgericht	District Court		DW
MAD	Militärischer Abschirmdienst	Military Counterintelligence Service	Germany’s «MI5»
MdB	Mitglied des Bundestages	Member of the Bundestag	Member of Parliament
MdL	Mitglied des Landtages	Member of the Landtag	Member of a State Legislature
MEZ	Mitteleuropäische Zeit	Central European Time
MP	Maschinenpistole	Machine gun
MP	Militärpolizei	Military police
MTA	Medizinische(r) Technische(r) Assistent(in)	Medical Technician
NN	das Normalnull	sea level
NOK	Nationales Olympisches Komitee	National Olympic Committee
NPD	Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands	National Democratic Party of Germany	political party
NRW	Nordrhein-Westfalen	North Rhine-Westphalia	German state
OB	Oberbürgermeister	Lord mayor
ÖBB	Österreichische Bundesbahnen	Austrian Federal Railways
OF	Originalfassung	original version	film/movies	T
OHG	offene Handelsgesellschaft	General partnership
ÖPNV	öffentlicher Personennahverkehr	Public transport
ORF	Österreichischer Rundfunk	Austrian Broadcasting Corporation	broadcaster
ÖVP	Österreichische Volkspartei	Austrian People’s Party	political party
PDS	Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus	Party of Democratic Socialism	political party
PH	Pädagogische Hochschule	School of Education
PIN	Persönliche Identifikationsnummer	Personal identification number	medicine/science/technology
RBB	Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg	Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting
RNS	Ribonukleinsäure	RNA	medicine/science/technology
RTL	Radio Télévision Luxembourg	Radio Television Luxembourg	broadcaster
SB	Selbstbedienung	Self-service	SB-Laden, a self-service store SB-Tankstelle, gas/petrol stations
SBB	Schweizerische Bundesbahnen	Swiss Federal Railways		T
SPÖ	Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs	Social Democratic Party of Austria	political party
SR	Saarländischer Rundfunk	Radio Saarland	broadcaster	T
SSV	Sommerschlussverkauf	end-of-summer sale
StGB	Strafgesetzbuch	German Penal Code	legal	T
StVO	Straßenverkehrsordnung	German Highway Code	legal	T
SWR	Südwestrundfunk	Southwest Broadcasting	broadcaster	T
TH	Technische Hochschule	Technical College
TU	Technische Universität	Technical University
UB	Universitätsbibliothek	University Library
UFO	unidentifiziertes Flugobjekt	Unidentified flying object
UKW	Ultrakurzwellen	FM, Very High Frequency	medicine/science/technology
UNO	Vereinte Nationen	United Nations
VAE	Vereinigte Arabische Emirate	United Arab Emirates
VDE	Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik	Association of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology	medicine/science/technology
VELKD	Vereinigte Evangelisch-Lutheranische Kirche Deutschlands	United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany
VHS	Volkshochschule	Folk high school
WAA	Wiederaufbereitungsanlage	Nuclear reprocessing plant	medicine/science/technology	L
WDR	Westdeutscher Rundfunk	West German Radio	broadcaster
WEZ	Westeuropäische Zeit	Western European Time
WG	Wohngemeimschaft	Co-living	unrelated people sharing a flat, apartment, or house	L
WM	Weltmeisterschaft	World championship		L
WS	Wintersemester	Winter semester
WSV	Winterschlussverkauf	Winter sale
ZDF	Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen	Second German Television Network	broadcaster
KV	Kassenärztliche Vereinigung
ZPO	Zivilprozessordnung	Civil procedure (divorce, etc.)	legal

References[edit]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This List of German abbreviations includes abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms found in the German language. Because German words can be famously long, use of abbreviation is particularly common. Even the language’s shortest words are often abbreviated, such as the conjunction und (and) written just as «u.» This article covers standard abbreviations in colloquial and official use. It does not include abbreviations that are important historically but no longer in common usage, such as k. u. k. for Imperial and Royal and OKW for Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.

Types[edit]

As in English or Latin, German written abbreviations consist of a letter, letters or partial words shortened from a longer word or phrase, such as etc. for et cetera. Acronyms are a type of abbreviation pronounced as a single word, such as Laser. Initialisms are abbreviations in which each initial in the abbreviation is pronounced separately, such as FBI. It is unsettled question in English style guides whether the word acronym can be used to also describe initialisms. This list makes a distinction between the types because of the way German-speakers create, use and pronounce them.

• Abbreviations: German written abbreviations are often punctuated and are pronounced as the full word when read aloud, such as beispielsweise for bspw. («for example»). Unlike English, which is moving away from periods in abbreviations in some style guides, the placement of capital letters and periods is important in German.^[1]
• Acronyms are abbreviations consisting of initials of words in the original phrase, written without periods, and pronounced as if they were a single word. Examples that have made their way into German from English include Laser or NATO. In German, acronyms retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.^[1]
• Syllable words (German: Silbenkurzwörter), or syllabic abbreviation or clipping, is a particularly German method of creating an acronym by combining the first two or more letters of each word to form a single word. An example is the gummy bear brand Haribo, which is derived from the name of its creator Hans Riegel and the city where it was created, Bonn. A number of German syllable words have made it into English usage, such as Adidas, from company founder Adi Dassler, and Gestapo for Geheime StaatsPolizei (Secret State Police). Although used and pronounced as words in their own right, according to Helmut Glück they are classified as acronyms.^[2]
• Initialism is a type of abbreviation consisting of the initials of each word in a phrase, almost always capitalized, and pronounced separately. In German they are never punctuated. Examples include EU for European Union and DDR for German Democratic Republic. Initialisms are typically found in commercial, government, legal, medical, scientific and technical uses. In German, initialisms retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.^[1]

Key to Sources in Tables[edit]

These sources apply to all three tables. In special cases an entry will be additionally referenced.

Key	Source	Dates	Type	Citation
L	Langenscheidt’s Compact German Dictionary	1993, 2003	Reference work	[3]
Da	Dartmouth College Department of German	2019	academic website	[1]
DW	Deutsche Welle	2015, 2020	Public broadcaster	[4][5][6]
T	ThoughtCo, via Dotdash	2020	Listicle	[7]
F	FluentU, based on abkuerzungen.de [1]	2018	Blog	[8]

List of German abbreviations[edit]

This is a selection of standard written abbreviations and symbols in German. The primary reference is Langenscheidt with additional sources providing more current uses and an indication of their popularity. German abbreviations are pronounced just like the full word or phrase when read aloud. Measurements are normally reduced to initials, written in lowercase, and without punctuation. Measurements of capacity in cooking can be uppercase.^[1]

Abbreviation	German	English Equivalent	Notes	Sources
Ø	Durchschnitt	average		[9]
€	Euro	Euro		T
*	geboren (geb.)	born		T
†	gestorben (gest.)	died		T
am.	amerikanisch	American	adjective	L, T
amtl.	amtlich	official		L, T
Anh.	Anhang	appendix		L, T
Ank.	Ankunft	arrival		L, T
Anl.	Anlage	enclosure		L, T
Anm.	Anmerkung	note		L, T
anschl.	anschließend	following		L
a.o.	außerordentlicher Professor	Associate professor		L
App.	Apartment/Wohnung	apartment	accommodations/real estate	L, T, F
App.	Apparat	extension	telephone	L
a.Rh.	am Rhein	on the Rhine	in place names	L, T
Art.	Artikel	article		L
Aufl.	Auflage	edition	books	L, T
Ausg.	Ausgabe	copy	books	L
AW	Antwort	Re:, in reply	email	T
B	Bundesstraße	Federal highway	German and Austrian national highways	L
b.	bei	at, with, near, c/o		L, T
Bd., Bde.	Band, Bände	volume(s)	books	L, T
beil.	beiliegend	enclosed		L, T
bes.	besonders	especially		L, T
bspw.	beispielsweise	for example		Da, F
Best.-Nr.	Bestellnummer	order number		L, T
Betr.	Betreff	Re:, regarding		L, T
Bev.	Bevölkerung	pop., population		L
Bez.	Bezeichnung, Bezirk	term, designation district		L, T
Bhf.	Bahnhof	railroad station		L, T
brit.	britisch	British	as an adjective	L
b.w.	bitte wenden	please turn over	common way to close an email message to friends	L, T, F
bzgl.	bezüglich	with reference to	relating to, regarding	L, T
bzw.	beziehungsweise	respectively	meaning varies in context, can also be: and/or, but, rather, alternatively, more specifically	L, Da, DW, T, F
ca.	circa, ungefähr, etwa	circa, about, approximately		L, T
Chr.	Christus	Christ		T
cm	Zentimeter	Centimetre		L, Da
d.Ä.	der Ältere	senior, the elder, Sr.	also see d.J. below	L, T
dazw.	dazwischen	between		F
desgl.	desgleichen	likewise, ditto		F
dF, dtF	deutsche Fassung	German dubbed version	film/movies	T
dgl.	dergleichen/desgleichen	the like		L, T, Da
d.h.	das heißt	i.e., that is		L, T
d.i.	das ist	i.e., that is		L
Di	Dienstag	Tuesday	date/time	L, T
Dipl.	Diplom	Diplom	an academic degree in the German-speaking countries	L
Dipl.-Ing.	Diplom-Ingenieur	Engineer, M.S.		L, T
Dipl.-Kfm.	Diplom-Kaufmann	Master of Business Administration		T
Dir.	Direktion	administrative office		T
Dir.	Direktor	administrator, manager, principal		L, T
Dir.	Dirigent	conductor	of music	T
d.J.	der Jüngere	junior, the younger, Jr.	also see d.Ä. above	L, T
d.M.	dieses Monats	of this month		L, F
d.O.	die (das) Obige	the above-mentioned		L
d.o.	dito	ditto		L, F
Do	Donnerstag	Thursday	date/time	L, T
Dr.	Doktor	Doctor		L
Dr. med.	Doktor der Medizin	M.D., Medical Doctor		L, T
Dr. phil.	Doktor der Philosophie	Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy		L, T
Dr. sc. nat.	Doktor der Naturwissenschaften	Sc. D., Doctor of Science		L
dt.	deutsch	German	as an adjective	L, T
Dtzd.	Dutzend	dozen		L, T
e.h.	ehrenhalber	hon., honorary	degree, etc.	L, T
ehem.	ehemals/ehemalig	formerly/former		L, T
eigtl.	eigentlich	actually, really		L, T
einschl.	einschließlich	including, inclusive		L, T
engl.	englisch	English	as an adjective	L
EL	Esslöffel	tpsp., tablespoon	in recipes	T, Da
E-Literatur	erhobene Literatur	serious literature		T
E-Musik	erhobene Musik	Classical music		T
entspr.	entsprechend	corresponding, accordingly		L, T
erb.	erbaut	built, erected		L, T
Erw.	Erwachsene	adults		L, T
erw.	erweitert	expanded, extended		T
ev.	evangelisch	Protestant		L, T
e.V.	eingetragener Verein	registered organization not-for-profit organization		Da, L, T
evtl.	eventuell	perhaps, possibly	note this does not mean «eventually»	Da, L, T
e.Wz.	eingetragenes Warenzeichen	registered trademark		T
exkl.	exklusive	excluding, exclusive of		L, T
f.	für	for		DW
f./ff.	folgende Seite(n)	and following page(s)		L, F
Fa.	Firma	company, firm		L, T
Fam.	Familie	family		L, T
FdH	Friss die Hälfte	Eating half	Popular German dieting practice which recommends eating only half of what you’d usually ingest during a typical day	DW
F.f., Forts. f.	Fortsetzung folgt	to be continued		L, T
Ffm.	Frankfurt am Main	Frankfurt		T
FKK	Freikörperkultur	Free Body Culture	nudist movement with a long history in Germany	L, DW
Fr	Freitag	Friday	date/time	L, T, DW
Fr.	Frau	Mrs./Ms.		L, T, DW
fr.	frei	free		DW
Frl.	Fräulein	Miss	In modern usage any German woman age 18 or above is addressed as Frau, whether married or not.	L, T
Frfr.	Freifrau	Baroness		DW
frz.	französisch	French	as an adjective	L, T
g	Gramm	gram, grams		L, T
geb.	geboren, geborene	born, née		L, T, Da, F
Gebr.	Gebrüder	Bros., brothers		L, T
gedr.	gedruckt	printed		T
gegr.	gegründet	established, founded		L, T
gek.	gekürzt	abridged	of books	L, T
Ges.	Gesellschaft	association, company, society		L, T
gesch.	geschieden	divorced		L, T, DW
geschl.	geschlossen	closed		DW
geschr.	geschrieben	written		DW
ges.gesch.	gesetzlich geschützt	patented		L, DW
gest.	gestorben	died, deceased		L, T
gez.	gezeichnet	signed		L, T
ggf./ggfs.	gegebenenfalls	if applicable, if required		L, T, Da
GmbH	Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung	Limited liability company	GesmbH in Austria	L, T
gGmbH	gemeinnützige GmbH	Nonprofit organization		L
ha	Hektar	Hectare		L, T
Hbf.	Hauptbahnhof	Central railway station		L, T
hpts.	hauptsächlich	mainly		T
Hptst.	Hauptstadt	capital city		T
Hr./Hrn.	Herr/Herrn	Mister		L, T
Hrsg.	Herausgeber	editor, edited by		L, T
i.A.	im Auftrag	per, as per	often at the bottom of an official letter when somebody signs on behalf of somebody else	L, T
i.b.	im besonderen	in particular		L, T
i.B.	im Breisgau	in Breisgau	used in place names	T
IC	Intercityzug	InterCity train		T
ICE	Intercity-Expresszug	Intercity Express		T
i.D.	im Durchschnitt	on average		L, F
i.H.	im Hause	in-house, on the premises		T
i.J.	im Jahre	in the year		L, T
Ing.	Ingenieur	engineer	title	L, T
Inh.	Inhaber	owner, proprietor		L, T
Inh.	Inhalt	contents	books	L, T
inkl.	inklusive	including, inclusive of		L, T
i.R.	im Ruhestand	ret., retired		L, T
i.V.	in Vertretung	by proxy, on behalf of		T
i.V.	in Vorbereitung	in preparation		T
i.V.	im Vorjahr	in the previous year		L, T
inzw.	inzwischen	in the meantime		F
jew.	jeweils	each, each of, each time
Jh.	Jahrhundert	century		L, T, F
JH	Jugendherberge	youth hostel		T
jhrl.	jährlich	annual(ly), yearly	date/time	L, T
JWD	janz weit draussen	way out there	Berliner dialect for «in the middle of nowhere»	DW
k.A.	keine Angabe	not rated	film/movies	T
Kap.	Kapitel	chapter		L, T
kath.	katholisch	Catholic	adjective	L, T
Kfm.	Kaufmann	merchant, businessman, dealer, agent		L, T
kfm.	kaufmännisch	commercial		L, T
Kfz	Kraftfahrzeug	motor vehicle		L, T
kg	Kilogramm	kilogram		L, F
kgl.	königlich	royal		L, T
Kl.	Klasse	class		L, T
km	Kilometer	kilometer		L, F
kompl.	komplette	complete		F
kW	Kilowatt	kilowatt		L, F
l	Liter	liter, litre		L, T, Da
l.	links	left		L, F
led.	ledig	unmarried		L, F
LG	Liebe Grüsse	loving regards	common way to close an email message to friends	DW
LKW/Lkw	Lastkraftwagen	truck, lorry	also used for Sport Utility Vehicle	L, T
L.m.a.A	Leck mich am Arsch	kiss my ass	Known as the Swabian salute, via Goethe and Mozart[10]	DW
m	Meter	meter		L, F
mm	Millimeter	millimeter		L, F
MA	Mittlealter	Middle Ages		L, T
m.a.W.	mit anderen Worten	in other words		L, F
max.	maximal	maximum		L
m.E.	meines Erachtens	in my opinion		L, T, Da, F
MfG	Mit freundlichen Grüßen	with friendly regards	for formal emails, the standard way of closing a German business letter	DW, T, F
Mi	Mittwoch	Wednesday	date/time	L, T
Mil.	Million(en)	million(s)		L
Mio.	Million(en)	million(s)		L, T
m.M./m.M.n.	meiner Meinung/meiner Meinung nach	in my opinion		F, DW
Mo	Montag	Monday	date/time	L, T
möbl.	möbliert	furnished	accommodation/real estate	L, T
Mrd.	Milliarde(n)	billion(s)		L, T
Msp.	Messerspitze	«knife tip», a pinch of…	recipes	T
mtl.	monatlich	monthly	date/time	L, T
mdl.	mündlich	verbal		L
m.ü.M.	Meter über dem Meerespiegel	meters above sea level		L
m.W.	meines Wissens	as far as I know		L, T, F
MwSt., Mw.-St.	Mehrwertsteuer	VAT, Value-Added Tax	In Switzerland, MWST	L, T
N	Nord(en)	north	compass point	L, T
n.	nach	after		L
näml.	nämlich	namely, viz., i.e.		L, T
n.Chr.	nach Christus	AD, Anno Domini		L, T, Da
n.J.	nächsten Jahres	next year		L
NNO	Nordnordost	north-northeast	compass point	T
NNW	Nordnordwest	north-northwest	C	T
NO	Nordosten	northeast	C	L, T
nördl.	nördlich	northern		L
norw.	norwegisch	Norwegian	as an adjective	L
Nr.	Nummer	No., number		L, T
NS	Nachschrift	PS, postscript		T
n.u.Z.	nach unserer Zeitrechnung	modern era		T
NW	Nordwest(en)	northwest	compass point	L
O	Ost(en)	east	compass point	L, T, DW
o.	oben	above		L, T, DW
o.	oder	or		L, DW
o.	ohne	without		L, DW
ö	öffentlich	public		DW
o.A.	ohne Altersbeschränkung	approved for all ages	film/movies	T
o.a.	oben angeführt	above-metioned		L
o.ä.	oder ähnliche	and the like		L
o.B.	ohne Befund	negative results		L
od.	oder	or		L, T, Da
o.g.	oben genannt	above mentioned		T
OmU	Originalfassung mit Untertiteln	original version with subtitles	in film/movies	T
OSO	Ostsüdost	east-southeast	compass point	T
O-Ton	Originalton	original soundtrack	film/movies	T
österr.	österreichisch	Austrian	as an adjective	L
p.Adr.	per Adresse	c/o, care of		L, T
Pfd.	Pfund	lb., pound	weight	L, T
Pkt.	Punkt	point		L, F
Pkw/PKW	Personenkraftwagen	automobile, car		L, T
Pl.	Platz	square, plaza		L, T
PLZ	Postleitzahl	postal code		L, T
PS	Pferdestärke	horsepower		L, T
qkm	Quadratkilometer	square kilometer	obsolete, k2 is preferred	L, T
qm	Quadratmeter	square meter	obsolete, m2 is preferred	L, T
r.	rechts	right		L, T
RA	Rechtsanwalt	attorney, lawyer, barrister		L, T
Reg.-Bez.	Regierungsbezirk	admin. district		L, T
R-Gespräch	Retour-Gespräch	collect call, reverse-charge call		T
r.k., r.-k., röm.-kath.	römisch-katholisch	RC, Roman Catholic		L, T
röm.	römisch	Roman	adjective	L, T
S	Süd(en)	south	compass point	L, T, DW
S.	Seite	p., page		T, DW
s.	sich	oneself, yourself	with reflexive verbs	T
s.	siehe	see		L, DW
s.a.	siehe auch	see also		T, Da
Sa.	Samstag	Saturday	date/time	L, T
schles.	schlesisch	Silesian	as an adjective	T
schwäb.	schwäbisch	Swabian	as an adjective	T
schweiz.	schweizerisch	Swiss	as an adjective	L, T
sek.	Sekunde	second	date/time	F
SO	Südost(en)	south-east	compass point	L, DW
So	Sonntag	Sunday	date/time	T, DW
s.o.	siehe oben	see above		L, T, DW
sog.	so genannt	so-called		L, T, DW
St.	Sankt	saint		L, T
St.	Stück	(per) piece		L, T, F
Std.	Stunde	hour		L, F
Str.	Straße	street, road		L, F
StR.	Studienrat	tenured teacher		T
s.u.	siehe unten	see below		L, Da
südd.	süddeutsch	southern German	adjective	?
SW, s/w	schwarz/weiß	black & white	film/movies	T
SW	Südwest(en)	southwest	compass point	L, T
SZ	Schlafzimmer	bedroom	used in accommodations/real estate	F
t	Tonne(n)	ton(s)		L
tägl.	täglich	daily, per day		L, F
Tel.	Telefon	telephone		L, F
TL	Teelöffel	teaspoon	in recipes	F, Da
u.	und	and		T, F, Da
U	Umleitung	detour		L, T
u.a.	und andere	and others		L, T
u.a.	unter anderem	among others		L, T
u.Ä.	und Ähnliches	and the like		L, T
u.ä.	und ähnlich	and similarly		T
u.a.m.	und andere(s) mehr	and more, etc.		?
u.A.w.g.	um Antwort wird gebeten	RSVP		L, T
übl./üblw.	üblich/üblicherweise	usual		F
usw.	und so weiter	and so on, etc.	note punctuation	L, T, Da, F
u.v.a.(m)	und vieles andere (mehr)	and many others		T
u.U.	unter Umständen	in certain circumstances, possibly		L, T, Da
u.zw.	und zwar	and so on		L, F
V.	Vers	line, verse		L, T
v.	von	of		L
v.a.	vor allem	above all, especially		Da
v.Chr.	vor Christus	BC, before Christ		T, Da
Verf.	Verfasser	author		L, T
verh.	verheiratet	married		T, F
verw.	verwitwet	widowed		L, T
VG	Viele Grüsse	many greetings	casual signoff in email	DW
vgl.	vergleiche	cf., compare, reference		L, T, Da
v.H.	vom Hundert	percent, per 100		L, T
vorm.	vormals	formerly		L, T
vorm.	vormittags	a.m., in the morning	date/time	L, T
v.R.w.	von Rechts wegen	by law		L, T
v.T.	vom Tausend	per 1000		L, T
v.u.Z.	vor unserer Zeitrechnung	Before the Common Era	BC	L, T
W	West(en)	west	compass point	L, T
wstl.	westlich	western		L
w.o.	wie oben	as above		F
WSW	Westsüdwest	west-southwest	compass point	L, T
Wwe/Wwer	Witwe/Witwer	widow/widower		F
Wz	Warenzeichen	Trademark		L
Z.	Zahl	number		L, T, DW
Z.	Zeile	line		L, T, DW
z.	zu, zum, zur	at, to		L, T, DW
z.B.	zum Beispiel	e.g., for example		T, Da
z.Hd.	zu Händen, zu Handen	attn., attention of		L, T
Zi.	Zimmer	room		L, T
z.T.	zum Teil	partly, in part		L, Da, F
Ztr.	Zentner	100 kg		L
zur.	zurück	back		L, T
zus.	zusammen	together		L, T
zzgl.	zuzüglich	plus, in addition		T
z.Z./z.Zt.	zur Zeit	at present		L, T, Da

List of German acronyms[edit]

An acronym is a general type of abbreviation formed from the initial components of words in a longer name or phrase and pronounced as words. Included in this table are syllable words (German: Silbenkurzwörter), with the fragments used to create the clipping displayed in bold.

Abbreviation	German	English	Notes
DaF	Deutsch als Fremdsprach	German as a foreign language
DIN	Deutsches Institut für Normung	German Institute for Standardization
KaDeWe	Kaufhaus des Westens	large Berlin dept. store		T, DW
Kripo	Kriminalpolizei	police crime unit, CID (Br.)
Laser
NATO
TÜV	Technische Überwachungsverein	The TÜV is responsible for product safety. German motorists must submit their cars to a «tuef inspection», and failing it means having no car to drive.

Silben(kurz)wort	Vollform/Kompositum mit Silbentrennung	laut Fachliteratur
Jusos	Jung|so|zia|lis|ten	[11]
Kita	Kin|der|ta|ges|stät|te bzw. Kin|der|ta|ges|ein|rich|tung	[12][13]
Kripo	Kri|mi|nal|po|li|zei	[12][11]
Schiri	Schieds|rich|ter	[12]
Stabi	Staats|bib|lio|thek	[11]
Trafo	Trans|for|ma|tor	[11] (mit Hinweis auf den Sonderfall des Präfix trans-)
Elko	E|lekt|ro|lyt|kon|den|sa|tor	[11]
Mofa	Mo|to|ri|sier|tes Fahr|rad
Vokuhila	Vor|ne kurz, hin|ten lang

List of German initialisms[edit]

Acronyms pronounced as individual letters are rather than words are more specifically called initialisms. They are written without periods and retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun.^[1]

Abbreviation	German	English	Notes	Ref
AA	Anonyme Alkoholiker	Alcoholics Anonymous		L, DW
AA	Auswärtiges Amt	Foreign Office, State Department		DW
ADAC	Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club	General German Auto Club	largest auto club in Europe	T
AfD	Alternative für Deutschland	Alternative for Germany	political party
AG	Aktiengesellschaft	Joint-stock company
AGB	die Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen	Terms and Conditions (of Use)
ARD	Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland	ARD	broadcaster
AOK	Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse	public health insurance		T
ASW	außersinnliche Wahrnehmung	Extrasensory Perception		T
BBk	Deutsche Bundesbank	German Federal Bank		[14]
BGB	Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch	German Civil Code		T
BGH	Bundesgerichtshof	Federal Constitutional Court
BIP	Bruttoinlandsprodukt	Gross Domestic Product
BKA	Bundeskriminalamt	Federal Criminal Police Office	Germany’s «FBI»	T
BLZ	Bankleitzahl	Bank Code Number		T
BMBF	Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung	Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMF	Bundesministerium der Finanzen	Federal Ministry of Finance
BMG	Bundesministerium für Gesundheit	Federal Ministry of Health
BMI	Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat	Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community
BMVg	Bundesministerium der Verteidigung	Federal Ministry of Defence
BMU	Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit	Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
BMVI	Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur	Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
BMW	Bayerische Motoren Werke	Bavarian Motor Works		[15]
BMZ	Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung	Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
BPOL	Bundespolizei	Federal Police
BR	Bayrischer Rundfunk	Bavarian Broadcasting		[15]
BRD	Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Federal Republic of Germany
C&A	Clemens & August	C&A	popular clothing chain	T
CDU	Christlich-Demokratische Union	Christian Democratic Union	political party
CSU	Christlich-Soziale Union	Christian Social Union	political party
CVJF	Christlicher Verein Junger Frauen	YWCA	In Switzerland, the YWCA and YMCA merged in 1973 to form Cevi Schweitz	T
CVJM	Christlicher Verein Junger Menschen	YMCA
CJK	Creutzfeld-Jakob-Krankheit	Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
DAAD	Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst	German Academic Exchange Service
DAG	Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft	German Salaried Employees’ Union	Obsolete, now ver.di
DB	Deutsche Bahn	German Rail
DDR	Deutsche Demokratische Republik	German Democratic Republic	The former state of East Germany
DFB	Deutscher Fußballbund	German Football Association
DGB	Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund	German Trade Union Confederation
DIHK	Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer	Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce
DIN	Deutsches Institut für Normung	German Institute for Standard
DJH	Deutsches Jugendherbergswerk	German Youth Hostel Association
DKP	Deutsche Kommunistische Partei	German Communist Party
DM	Deutsche Mark	Deutsche Mark
DPD	Deutscher Paketdienst	German Package Service	the German «UPS»
DRK	Deutsches Rotes Kreuz	German Red Cross
DT	Deutsche Telekom	Deutsche Telekom
DuÖAV	Deutscher und Österreichischer Alpenverein	German and Austrian Alpine Club	Ceased to exist in 1938; the German Alpine Club and Austrian Alpine Club were later re-established.
DVU	Deutsche Volksunion	German People’s Union	political party
EEG	Elektroenzephalografie	Electroencephalography	medicine/science/technology
EKG	Elektrokardiogramm	Electrocardiography	medicine/science/technology
EU	Europäische Union	European Union		[15]
EZB	Europäische Zentralbank	European Central Bank
FAZ	Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung	Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung	Germany’s «New York Times»	T
FC	Fußball Club	Football Club
FCKW	Fluor-Chlor-Kohlenwasserstoff	Chlorofluorocarbon	medicine/science/technology
FDB	Freie Demokratische Partei	Free Democratic Party	political party
FH	Fachhochschule	University of Applied Sciences
FKK	Freikörperkultur	Free body culture	Naturism
FRA	Frankfurter Flughafen	Frankfurt Airport
FSK	Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft	Self-Regulatory Body of the Movie Industry	The German motion picture content rating system
FU	Freie Universität Berlin	Free University of Berlin
GG	Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany	Constitution of Germany	L
GEW	Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft	Education and Science Workers’ Union		Not T
GEZ	Gebühreneinzugszentrale der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Contribution service of ARD, ZDF and Deutschlandradio	Former German agency responsible for collecting mandatory fees for public TV and radio
GUS	Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten	Commonwealth of Independent States
HH	Hansestadt Hamburg	Hamburg	on license plates
HNO	Hals Nase Ohren	Ear, Nose and Throat	medicine/science/technology
H+M	Hennes & Mauritz	H&M	popular clothing chain
HTL, HTLA	Höhere Technische Lehranstalt	Technical school	an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria	not T
HTBLA	Höhere Technische Bundeslehranstalt	Federal Higher Technical Institute	an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria	not T
HTBLuVA	Höhere Technische Bundes-Lehr- und -Versuchsanstalt	Federal Higher Technical Institute for Education and Experimentation	an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria	not T
IFO	Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung	Institute for Economic Research		L
IHK	Industrie- und Handelskammer	Chamber of Industry and Commerce	Regional, cross-industry associations
IOK	Internationales Olympisches Komitee	International Olympic Committee
IWF	Internationale Währungsfonds	International Monetary Fund
JH	Jugendherberge	Youth Hostel
JVA	Justizvollzugsanstalt	Prisons in Germany
KfzPflVV	Kraftfahrzeug-Pflichtversicherungsverordnung	Motor vehicle liability insurance	legal	DW
KG	Kommanditgesellschaft	Limited partnership
KKW	Kernkraftwerk	Nuclear power plant
KSZE	Konferenz über Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa	Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
LG	Landgericht	District Court		DW
MAD	Militärischer Abschirmdienst	Military Counterintelligence Service	Germany’s «MI5»
MdB	Mitglied des Bundestages	Member of the Bundestag	Member of Parliament
MdL	Mitglied des Landtages	Member of the Landtag	Member of a State Legislature
MEZ	Mitteleuropäische Zeit	Central European Time
MP	Maschinenpistole	Machine gun
MP	Militärpolizei	Military police
MTA	Medizinische(r) Technische(r) Assistent(in)	Medical Technician
NN	das Normalnull	sea level
NOK	Nationales Olympisches Komitee	National Olympic Committee
NPD	Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands	National Democratic Party of Germany	political party
NRW	Nordrhein-Westfalen	North Rhine-Westphalia	German state
OB	Oberbürgermeister	Lord mayor
ÖBB	Österreichische Bundesbahnen	Austrian Federal Railways
OF	Originalfassung	original version	film/movies	T
OHG	offene Handelsgesellschaft	General partnership
ÖPNV	öffentlicher Personennahverkehr	Public transport
ORF	Österreichischer Rundfunk	Austrian Broadcasting Corporation	broadcaster
ÖVP	Österreichische Volkspartei	Austrian People’s Party	political party
PDS	Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus	Party of Democratic Socialism	political party
PH	Pädagogische Hochschule	School of Education
PIN	Persönliche Identifikationsnummer	Personal identification number	medicine/science/technology
RBB	Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg	Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting
RNS	Ribonukleinsäure	RNA	medicine/science/technology
RTL	Radio Télévision Luxembourg	Radio Television Luxembourg	broadcaster
SB	Selbstbedienung	Self-service	SB-Laden, a self-service store SB-Tankstelle, gas/petrol stations
SBB	Schweizerische Bundesbahnen	Swiss Federal Railways		T
SPÖ	Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs	Social Democratic Party of Austria	political party
SR	Saarländischer Rundfunk	Radio Saarland	broadcaster	T
SSV	Sommerschlussverkauf	end-of-summer sale
StGB	Strafgesetzbuch	German Penal Code	legal	T
StVO	Straßenverkehrsordnung	German Highway Code	legal	T
SWR	Südwestrundfunk	Southwest Broadcasting	broadcaster	T
TH	Technische Hochschule	Technical College
TU	Technische Universität	Technical University
UB	Universitätsbibliothek	University Library
UFO	unidentifiziertes Flugobjekt	Unidentified flying object
UKW	Ultrakurzwellen	FM, Very High Frequency	medicine/science/technology
UNO	Vereinte Nationen	United Nations
VAE	Vereinigte Arabische Emirate	United Arab Emirates
VDE	Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik	Association of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology	medicine/science/technology
VELKD	Vereinigte Evangelisch-Lutheranische Kirche Deutschlands	United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany
VHS	Volkshochschule	Folk high school
WAA	Wiederaufbereitungsanlage	Nuclear reprocessing plant	medicine/science/technology	L
WDR	Westdeutscher Rundfunk	West German Radio	broadcaster
WEZ	Westeuropäische Zeit	Western European Time
WG	Wohngemeimschaft	Co-living	unrelated people sharing a flat, apartment, or house	L
WM	Weltmeisterschaft	World championship		L
WS	Wintersemester	Winter semester
WSV	Winterschlussverkauf	Winter sale
ZDF	Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen	Second German Television Network	broadcaster
KV	Kassenärztliche Vereinigung
ZPO	Zivilprozessordnung	Civil procedure (divorce, etc.)	legal

References[edit]