Mastercard как пишется

Mastercard Inc.

Logo used since 2019
Type	Public company
Traded as	NYSE: MA (Class A) S&P 100 component S&P 500 component
ISIN	US57636Q1040
Industry	Financial services
Founded	1966; 57 years ago
Headquarters	2000 Purchase Street, Purchase, New York , U.S.
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Merit Janow (chair) Michael Miebach (CEO)
Brands	Cirrus Maestro Mondex MasterPass
Services	Credit cards Payment systems
Revenue	US$22.24 billion (2022)
Operating income	US$12.26 billion (2022)
Net income	US$9.93 billion (2022)
Total assets	US$38.72 billion (2022)
Total equity	US$6.30 billion (2022)
Number of employees	29,900 (2022)
Website	mastercard.com
Footnotes / references [1][2]

Mastercard Inc. (stylized as MasterCard from 1979–2016, mastercard from 2016–2019) is the second-largest payment-processing corporation worldwide. It offers a range of financial services. Its headquarters are in Purchase, New York.^[3] Throughout the world, its principal business is to process payments between the banks of merchants and the card-issuing banks or credit unions of the purchasers who use the Mastercard-brand debit, credit and prepaid cards to make purchases. Mastercard has been publicly traded since 2006.

Mastercard (originally Interbank then Master Charge)^[4] was created by an alliance of several banks and regional bankcard associations in response to the BankAmericard issued by Bank of America, which later became Visa, still its biggest competitor. Prior to its initial public offering, Mastercard Worldwide was a cooperative owned by the more than 25,000 financial institutions that issue its branded cards.

History[edit]

Although BankAmericard’s debut in September 1958 was a notorious disaster,^[5] it began to turn a profit by May 1961.^[6] Bank of America deliberately kept this information secret and allowed then-widespread negative impressions to linger in order to ward off competition.^[7] This strategy was successful until 1966, when BankAmericard’s profitability had become far too big to hide.^[7] From 1960 to 1966, there were only 10 new credit cards introduced in the United States, but from 1966 to 1968, approximately 440 credit cards were introduced by banks large and small throughout the country.^[7] These newcomers promptly banded together into regional bankcard associations.^[8]

One reason why most banks chose to join forces was that at the time, 16 states limited the ability of banks to operate through branch locations, while 15 states entirely prohibited branch banking and required unit banking.^[9] A unit bank can legally operate only at a single site and is thereby forced to remain very small.^[9] By joining a regional bankcard association, a unit bank could quickly add a credit card to its lineup of financial products, and achieve economies of scale by outsourcing tedious back office tasks like card servicing to the association.^[8] Such associations also enabled unit banks to aggregate their customer bases and merchant networks in order to make a credit card useful for both customers and merchants; early credit cards had failed because they could only be used within a small radius around their respective issuing banks.^[9]

In 1966, Karl H. Hinke, an executive vice president at Marine Midland Bank, asked representatives of several other banks to meet him in Buffalo, New York.^[10][11] Marine Midland had just launched its own regional bankcard in the Upstate New York market after Bank of America declined its request for a BankAmericard regional license on the basis that Marine Midland was too big.^[12] The result of the Buffalo meeting was that several banks and regional bankcard associations soon agreed to join forces as Interbankard, Inc.,^[10][11] which then became the Interbank Card Association (ICA).^[8] By the end of 1967, ICA had 150 members and Hinke became ICA’s chairman.^[12] Bank of America eventually joined MasterCard as well.^[12] (In the 21st century, Bank of America would revive the BankAmericard brand name as a Mastercard credit card, which it remains today.)

The Interbank branding in 1966 initially consisted only of a small unobtrusive lowercase i inside a circle in the lower right-hand corner of the front of each Interbank card; the rest of the card design was the prerogative of each issuing bank.^[13] This tiny logo proved to be entirely unsatisfactory for creating nationwide brand awareness in order to compete against the established leader, BankAmericard.^[13] In 1969, Interbank developed a new national brand, «Master Charge: The Interbank Card» by combining the two overlapping yellow and orange circles of the Western States Bankcard Association with the «Master Charge» name coined by the First National Bank of Louisville, Kentucky.^[13]

That same year, First National City Bank joined Interbank and merged its proprietary Everything Card with Master Charge.

In 1968, the ICA and Eurocard started a strategic alliance, which effectively allowed the ICA access to the European market, and for Eurocard to be accepted on the ICA network. The Access card system from the United Kingdom joined the ICA/Eurocard alliance in 1972.^[14]

In 1979, Master Charge: The Interbank Card was renamed MasterCard.^[14]

In 1983, MasterCard International Inc. became the first bank to use holograms as part of their card security.^[15] They acquired the Cirrus network of automated tellers in 1985.^[16]

In 1997, MasterCard took over the Access card; the Access brand was then retired.^{[citation needed]} In 2002, MasterCard International merged with Europay International, another large credit-card issuer association, of which Eurocard had become a part in 1992.^[17] MasterCard became a Delaware in connection with the merger, as well as in anticipation of an IPO.^[18]

The company, which had been organized as a cooperative of banks, had an initial public offering on May 25, 2006, selling 95.5 million shares at $39 each.^[19] The stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol MA, with a market capitalization of $367.1 billion as of May 2021.^[20] The deal was designed to maintain the value of the brand and minimise regulatory costs.^[18]

In August 2010, MasterCard Worldwide, as it had been rebranded, expanded its e-commerce offering with the acquisition of DataCash, a UK-based payment processing and fraud/risk management provider.^[21][22] In March 2012, MasterCard announced the expansion of its mobile contactless payments program, including markets across the Middle East.^[23]

In spring 2014, MasterCard acquired Australia’s leading rewards program manager company Pinpoint for an undisclosed amount.^[24] In August 2017, Mastercard acquired Brighterion, a company with a portfolio of intellectual property in the areas of artificial intelligence and machine learning.^[25] Brighterion holds several patents.^[26]

In April 2021, Mastercard created a calculator that gathers information and measures the carbon footprints of the customers in order to help them know how much they are contributing in carbon emissions and global warming.^[27]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Mastercard complied with United States sanctions and banned cards from being issued or used in Russia, including foreign cards from other countries.^[28] Mastercard suspended all business operations in Russia, which had accounted for 4% of their revenue.^[29] However, bank cards themselves continue to work in Russia due to the transfer of internal transactions to the Russian National Card Payment System.

Finances[edit]

Development since 2005^[30]

Year	Revenue (US$ M)	Operating income (US$ M)	Share price (US$)	Employees
2005	2,938	393
2006	3,326	229	6.20
2007	4,068	1,108	13.65
2008	4,992	−534	20.33
2009	5,099	2,260	17.99	5,100
2010	5,539	2,752	22.01	5,600
2011	6,714	2,713	28.73	6,700
2012	7,391	3,937	41.58	7,500
2013	8,312	4,503	59.34	8,200
2014	9,441	5,106	75.33	10,300
2015	9,667	5,078	90.62	11,300
2016	10,776	5,761	94.50	11,900
2017	12,497	6,622	126.54	13,400
2018	14,950	7,282	186.16	14,800
2019	16,883	9,664	300.74	18,600
2020	15,301	8,081	370.00	21,000
2021	18,884	10,082	354.83	24,000
2022	22,237	12,264	347.73	29,900

As of 2020, Mastercard ranked 191 on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.^[31]

Market power[edit]

Operating a payment processing network entails risk of engaging in anticompetitive practices due to the many parties involved (that is, the customer and their bank and the merchant and their bank).^[18]

Few companies have faced more antitrust lawsuits both in the US and abroad.^[32]

United States[edit]

Mastercard, along with Visa, engaged in systematic parallel exclusion against American Express during the 1980s and 1990s. Mastercard used exclusivity clauses in its contracts and blacklists to prevent banks from doing business with American Express. Such exclusionary clauses and other written evidence were used by the United States Department of Justice in regulatory actions against Mastercard and Visa.^[33] Discover has sued Mastercard for similar issues.^[32]

Both Mastercard and Visa have paid approximately $3 billion in damages resulting from a class-action lawsuit filed in January 1996 for debit card swipe fee price fixing.^[34] The litigation cites several retail giants as plaintiffs, including Wal-Mart, Sears, Roebuck & Co., and Safeway.^[35]

In 1996, about 4 million merchants sued Mastercard in federal court for making them accept debit cards if they wanted to accept credit cards and dramatically increasing credit card swipe fees. This case was settled with a multibillion-dollar payment in 2003. This was the largest antitrust award in history.^[32]

In 1998, the Department of Justice sued Mastercard over rules prohibiting their issuing banks from doing business with American Express or Discover. The Department of Justice won in 2001 and the verdict withstood appeal. American Express also filed suit.^[32]

On August 23, 2001, Mastercard International Inc. was sued for violating the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act.^[36]

On November 15, 2004, Mastercard Inc. paid damages to American Express, due to anticompetitive practices that prevented American Express from issuing cards through U.S. banks,^[37] and paid $1.8 billion for settlement.^[38]

Swipe fee fixing and merchant discount bans[edit]

On November 27, 2012, a federal judge entered an order granting preliminary approval to a proposed settlement to a class-action lawsuit^[39] filed in 2005 by merchants and trade associations against Mastercard and Visa. The suit was filed due to alleged price-fixing practices employed by Mastercard and Visa. About one-fourth of the named class plaintiffs have decided to opt-out of the settlement. Opponents object to provisions that would bar future lawsuits and prevent merchants from opting out of significant portions of the proposed settlement.^[40]

Plaintiffs allege that Visa Inc. and Mastercard fixed interchange fees, also known as swipe fees, that are charged to merchants for the privilege of accepting payment cards. In their complaint, the plaintiffs also alleged that the defendants unfairly interfere with merchants from encouraging customers to use less expensive forms of payment such as lower-cost cards, cash, and checks.^[40]

A settlement of $6.24 billion got preliminary approval in November, 2019.^[41] A settlement of $5.54B was approved in 2019. Certain merchants appealed the settlement and were heard. The case is ongoing as of October 2022.^[42]

Antitrust settlement with U.S. Justice Department[edit]

In October 2010, Mastercard and Visa reached a settlement with the U.S. Justice Department in another antitrust case. The companies agreed to allow merchants displaying their logos to decline certain types of cards (because interchange fees differ), or to offer consumers discounts for using cheaper cards.^[43]

ATM operators[edit]

Mastercard, along with Visa, has been sued in a class action by ATM operators that claim the credit card networks’ rules effectively fix ATM access fees. The suit claims that this is a restraint of trade in violation of federal law. The lawsuit was filed by the National ATM Council and independent operators of automated teller machines. More specifically, it is alleged that Mastercard’s and Visa’s network rules prohibit ATM operators from offering lower prices for transactions over PIN-debit networks that are not affiliated with Visa or Mastercard. The suit says that this price-fixing artificially raises the price that consumers pay using ATMs, limits the revenue that ATM operators earn, and violates the Sherman Act’s prohibition against unreasonable restraints of trade. Johnathan Rubin, an attorney for the plaintiffs said, «Visa and Mastercard are the ringleaders, organizers, and enforcers of a conspiracy among U.S. banks to fix the price of ATM access fees in order to keep the competition at bay.»^[44]

Oceania[edit]

In 2003, the Reserve Bank of Australia required that interchange fees be dramatically reduced, from about 0.95% of the transaction to approximately 0.5%.^{[citation needed]} One notable result has been the reduced use of reward cards and increased use of debit cards. Australia also prohibited the no surcharge rule, a policy established by credit card networks like Visa and Mastercard to prevent merchants from charging a credit card usage fee to the cardholder. A surcharge would mitigate or even exceed the merchant discount paid by a merchant, but would also make the cardholder more reluctant to use the card as the method of payment. Australia has also made changes to the interchange rates on debit cards and has considered abolishing interchange fees altogether.

As of November 2006, New Zealand was considering similar actions, following a Commerce Commission lawsuit alleging price-fixing by Visa and Mastercard. In New Zealand, merchants pay a 1.8% fee on every credit card transaction.^{[citation needed]}

Europe[edit]

The European Union has repeatedly criticized Mastercard for monopolistic trade practices. In April 2009, Mastercard reached a settlement with the European Union in an antitrust case, promising to reduce debit card swipe fees to 0.2 percent of purchases.^[45] In December 2010, a senior official from the European Central Bank called for a break-up of the Visa/Mastercard duopoly by the creation of a new European debit card for use in the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA).^[46]

WikiLeaks published documents showing that American authorities lobbied Russia to defend the interests of Visa and Mastercard.^[47][48] In response Mastercard blocked payments to WikiLeaks. Members of the European Parliament expressed concern that payments from European citizens to a European corporation could apparently be blocked by the United States, and called for a further reduction in the dominance of Visa and Mastercard in the European payment system.^[49]

In 2013, Mastercard was under investigation by the European Union for the high fees it charged merchants to accept cards issued outside the EU, compared to cards issued in the EU, as well as other anti-competitive practices that could hinder electronic commerce and international trade, and high fees associated with premium credit cards. The EU’s competition regulator said that these fees were of special concern because of the growing role of non-cash payments. Mastercard was banned from charging fees on cross-border transactions conducted wholly within the EU via a ruling by the European Commission in 2007.^[50] The European Commission said that their investigation also included large differences in fees across national borders. For instance, a €50 payment might cost €0.10 in the Netherlands but eight times that amount in Poland. The Commission argues that Mastercard rules that prohibit merchants from enjoying better terms offered in other EU countries may be against antitrust law.

The European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) praised the action against Mastercard. BEUC said interbank fees push up prices and hurt consumers. BEUC Director General Monique Goyens said, «So in the end, all consumers are hit by a scheme which ultimately rewards the card company and issuing bank.»^[50]

In January 2019, the European Commission imposed an antitrust fine of €570,566,000 to Mastercard for «obstructing merchants’ access to cross-border card payment services», due to Mastercard’s rules obliging acquiring banks to apply the interchange fees of the country where a retailer was located. The Commission concluded that Mastercard’s rules prevented retailers from benefitting from lower fees and restricted competition between banks cross border, in breach of EU antitrust rules. The infringement of antitrust rules ended when Mastercard amended its rules due to the entering into force of the Interchange Fee Regulation in 2015, which introduced caps on interchange fees. The Commission did grant Mastercard a 10% reduction of the fine however, in return for Mastercard acknowledging the facts and cooperating with the antitrust investigation.^[51]

In February 2021, following an investigation by the British Payment Systems Regulator, Mastercard admitted liability for breaching competition rules in relation to pre-paid cards.^[52]

Other issues[edit]

United States internet gambling transactions[edit]

Mastercard, Visa, and other credit cards have been used to fund accounts since online gambling began in the mid-1990s.^[53]

On March 20, 2000, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, reviewed motions in Re: MasterCard International Inc. regarding multi-district litigation alleging Mastercard illegally interacted with a number of internet casinos. The plaintiffs alleged, among other claims, that Mastercard had violated the Federal Wire Act. They sought financial relief for losses suffered at online gambling sites outside the United States.^[54]

The District Court’s ruling on February 23, 2001, later upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, sided with Mastercard. The Firth Circuit also clarified the application of the Wire Act to illegal online gambling. The Court determined that the wire act only applied to gambling activities related to a «sporting event or contest». Therefore, the court could not conclude that Mastercard had violated the Wire Act.^[55]

When PASPA was overturned May 14, 2018, Mastercard had to provide new guidance to its member banks. It clarified that state location restrictions apply to the individual placing the wager, not the member bank processing the transaction. According to various state gaming laws, sports betting providers must use Internet geolocation to determine a customer’s physical location prior to accepting a wager.^[56] The Independent Community Bankers of America specifically requested information about a new online gambling merchant category code.^[57] Mastercard has dedicated MCC 7801 to online gambling. This code is distinct from 7800 for government owned lotteries and 7802 for government licensed horse and dog tracks.^[58]

Blocking payments to WikiLeaks[edit]

In December 2010, Mastercard blocked all payments to whistleblowing platform WikiLeaks due to claims that they engage in illegal activity.^[59] In response, a group of online activists Anonymous organized a denial-of-service attack; as a result, the Mastercard website experienced downtime on December 8–9, 2010.^[60] On December 9, 2010, the servers of Mastercard underwent a massive attack^[61] as part of an Operation Avenge Assange for closing down payments to WikiLeaks. The security of thousands of credit cards was compromised during that attack due to a phishing-site set up by the attackers.^[62] However, Mastercard denied this, stating that account data had «not been placed at risk».^[63] WikiLeaks’ spokesman said, «We neither condemn nor applaud these attacks.»^[64] U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said that closing down credit lines for donations to WikiLeaks «could be interpreted as an attempt to censor the publication of information, thus potentially violating WikiLeaks’ right to freedom of expression».^[65]

In July 2011, Iceland-based IT firm DataCell, the company that enabled WikiLeaks to accept credit and debit card donations, said it would take legal action against Visa Europe and Mastercard,^[66] and that it would move immediately to try to force the two companies to resume allowing payments to the website.^[67] Earlier on December 8, 2010, DataCell’s CEO Andreas Fink had stated that «suspension of payments towards WikiLeaks is a violation of the agreements with their customers.»^[68][69] On July 14, 2011, DataCell announced they had filed a complaint with the European Commission claiming the closure by Visa and Mastercard of Datacell’s access to the payment card networks violated the competition rules of the European Community.^[70]

On July 12, 2012, a Reykjavík court ruled that Valitor, Visa and Mastercard’s partner in Iceland, had to start processing donations within fourteen days^[71] or pay daily fines to the amount of ISK 800,000 (some $6000) for each day after that time, to open the payment gateway. Valitor also had to pay DataCell’s litigation costs of ISK 1,500,000.^[72][73]

Corporate branding of all Nigerian identity cards[edit]

In 2014, pursuant to an agreement between Mastercard and the Nigerian Government, acting through the National Identity Management Commission, the new Nigerian ID cards bear the Mastercard logo, contain personal database data and double as payment cards, irrevocably linking such payments to the individuals,^[74] sparking criticism by the Civil Rights Congress alleging that it «represents a stamped ownership of a Nigerian by an American company … reminiscent of the logo pasted on the bodies of African slaves transported across the Atlantic.»^[75]

Selling of credit card data[edit]

In 2018, Bloomberg News reported that Google had paid millions of dollars to Mastercard for its users’ credit card data for advertising purposes. The deal had not been publicly announced.^[76][77]

Regulatory ban In India[edit]

On July 14, 2021, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) indefinitely barred Mastercard from issuing new debit or credit cards to domestic Indian customers starting July 22, 2021, for violating data localization and storage rules as set by RBI on April 6, 2018, under Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act). This ban does not affect cards already issued and working in India. Mastercard is the third major payment systems provider to be restricted in India after American Express and Diners Club International.^[78] On June 16, 2022, the business restrictions imposed were lifted by RBI with immediate effect.^[79][80]

Offerings[edit]

Depending on the geographical location, Mastercard issues cards in tiers, from the lowest to the highest, Traditional/Classic/Standard, Gold/Titanium, Platinum, World and World Elite.^[81]

Through a partnership with an Internet company that specializes in personalized shopping, Mastercard introduced a Web shopping mall on April 16, 2010, that it said can pinpoint with considerable accuracy what its cardholders are likely to purchase.^[82]

Mastercard teamed with Apple in September 2014, to incorporate a new mobile wallet feature into Apple’s new iPhone and Apple Watch models known as Apple Pay, enabling users to more readily use their Mastercard, and other credit cards.^[83]

In May 2020, Mastercard announced the Mastercard Track Business Payment Service. The service will provide business-to-business payments between buyers and suppliers. According to the head of global commercial products, it «creates a directory of suppliers, enabling suppliers to publish their payment rules so they can better control how they receive payments while making it easier for buyers to find suppliers and understand their requirements».^[84]

On February 10, 2021, Mastercard announced their support of cryptocurrencies saying that later in 2021, Mastercard will start supporting select cryptocurrencies directly on their network. One of the main focus areas that Mastercard wants to support is using digital assets for payments, and that crypto assets will need to offer the stability people need in a vehicle for spending, not investment.^[85][86] In October 2021, Mastercard announced that through its partnership with Bakkt, any bank or merchant on its network would soon be able to offer crypto services.^[87] In June 2022, Mastercard announced that it would now be allowing cardholders to purchase NFTs via various NFT scaling platforms.^[88]

Prepaid debit cards[edit]

Mastercard, Comerica Bank, and the U.S. Treasury Department teamed up in 2008 to create the Direct Express Debit Mastercard. The federal government uses the Express Debit product to issue electronic payments to people who do not have bank accounts. Comerica Bank is the issuing bank for the debit card.

The Direct Express cards give recipients a number of consumer protections.

In June 2013, Mastercard announced a partnership with British Airways to offer members the Executive Club Multi-currency Cash Passport, which will allow members to earn extra points and make multi-currency payments. The Passport card allows users to load up to ten currencies (euro, pound, U.S. dollar, Turkish lira, Swiss franc, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, New Zealand dollar, U.A.E. dirham, and South African rand) at a locked-in rate. When used, the card selects the local currency to ensure the best exchange rate, and if the local currency is not already loaded onto the card, funds are used from other currencies.^{[citation needed]}

QkR[edit]

QkR is a mobile payment app developed by Mastercard, for the purpose of ordering products and services through a smartphone with payments charged to the associated credit card. It is being deployed for use in large-scale events, such as sport events, concerts, or movie theaters. Unlike other Mastercard mobile payment apps such as Pay Pass, QkR does not use NFC from the phone, but rather an Internet connection.

Users can open the app, scan a QR code located on the back of the seat in front of them, and place orders for refreshments of their choice.^[89][90] The order is dispatched to a nearby concession stand, from where a runner delivers the items to the patrons’ seats. It is already deployed in Australian movie theaters and is being tested in Yankee Stadium.

QkR is being marketed to vendors as a replacement for other mobile payment apps and a mobile ordering app, either distributed by the vendor (such as Starbucks’s app, McDonald’s’ app, or Chipotle’s mobile ordering app) or by a third party, such as Square, headed by Twitter cofounder Jack Dorsey.

Mastercard Contactless[edit]

Mastercard Contactless (formerly branded PayPass^[91]) is an EMV-compatible, contactless payment feature similar to American Express’ ExpressPay, and Visa Contactless. All three use the same symbol as shown on the right. It is based on the ISO/IEC 14443 standard that provides cardholders with a simpler way to pay by tapping a payment card or other payment device, such as a phone or key fob, on a point-of-sale terminal reader rather than swiping or inserting a card. Contactless can currently be used on transactions up to and including 100 GBP, 50 EUR, 80 CHF, 50 USD, 100 CAD, 200 SEK, 500 NOK, 100 PLN, 350 DKK, 80 NZD, 100 AUD, 1000 RUB, 500 UAH, 500 TRY^[92] or 2000 INR.

In 2003, Mastercard concluded a nine-month PayPass market trial in Orlando, Florida, with JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, and MBNA. More than 16,000 cardholders and more than 60 retailer locations participated in the market trial.^{[needs update]} In addition, Mastercard worked with Nokia and the Nokia 6131,^[93] AT&T Wireless, and JPMorgan Chase to incorporate Mastercard PayPass into mobile phones using near-field communication technology, in Dallas, Texas. In 2011, Google and Mastercard launched Google Wallet, an Android application which allows a mobile device to send credit/debit card information directly to a Paypass-enabled payment terminal, bypassing the need for a physical card, up until the creation of Android Pay.

During late 2015, Citicards in the US stopped issuing Paypass-enabled plastic, but the keyfob was still available upon request. Effective July 16, 2016, Citicards stopped supporting Paypass completely. While existing plastic and keyfobs continued to work until their expiration date, no new Paypass-enabled hardware was issued to US customers after that date.

Brand[edit]

Mastercard is associated with security and is believed to be reliable in emergencies. Antitrust litigation over the years has damaged the brand.^[18]

Mastercard’s current advertising campaign tagline is Priceless. It started in 1997. The slogan associated with the campaign is There are some things money can’t buy. For everything else, there’s Mastercard. The Priceless campaign in more recent iterations has been applicable to both Mastercard’s credit card and debit card products. They also use the Priceless description to promote products such as their priceless travel site, which features deals and offers for Mastercard holders,^[94] and priceless cities, offers for people in specified locations.^[95]

In mid-2006, MasterCard International changed its name to MasterCard Worldwide. This was to suggest a more global scale. In addition, the company introduced a new corporate logo adding a third circle to the two that had been used in the past (the familiar card logo, resembling a Venn diagram, remained unchanged). A new corporate tagline was introduced at the same time—The Heart of Commerce.^[96]

In July 2016, Mastercard introduced their new rebranding, along with a new corporate logo. In addition, they changed their service name from «MasterCard» to «mastercard».^[97]

In January 2019, Mastercard removed its name from its logo, leaving just the overlapping discs.^[98]

In 2021, Mastercard was ranked number 13 on Morning Consult’s list of most trusted brands.^[99]

[edit]

Mastercard sponsors major sporting events and teams throughout the world. These include rugby’s New Zealand, the MLB, the UEFA Champions League and the PGA Tour’s Arnold Palmer Invitational. Previously, it also sponsored the FIFA World Cup but withdrew its contract after a court settlement and its rival, Visa, took up the contract in 2007.^[100] In 1997, Mastercard was the main sponsor of the Mastercard Lola Formula One team,^[101] which withdrew from the 1997 Formula One season after its first race due to financial problems.^[102] It also partners the Brazil national football team^[103] and the Copa Libertadores.^[104]

Mastercard was also the title sponsor for the Alamo Bowl game from 2002 until 2005.

In late 2018, Mastercard became the first major sponsor for League of Legends esports. The company sponsors the League of Legends World Championship, Mid-Season Invitational, and the All-stars event for League of Legends.^[105]

Until 2018, Mastercard was the sponsor of the Memorial Cup, the CHL’s annual championship between its three leagues.

In September 2022, Mastercard acquired the title sponsorship rights for all international and domestic home matches organized by the Board of Cricket Control in India.^[106][107]

Corporate affairs[edit]

Mastercard has its headquarters in the Mastercard International Global Headquarters in Purchase, New York.^[108] The Global Operations Center is located in O’Fallon, a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri.

Mastercard was listed as one of the best companies to work for in 2013 by Forbes.^[109] In 2016, Mastercard UK became one of 144 companies who signed the HM Treasury’s Women in Finance Charter, a pledge for balanced gender representation in the company.^[110]

Management and board of directors[edit]

Key executives include:^[111]

Prior to its IPO in 2006, Mastercard was an association that had a board of directors composed of banks. The current board of directors includes the following individuals:^[112]

• Merit Janow, Non-Executive Chair, and Dean Emerita, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University^[113]
• Silvio Barzi, former senior advisor, and executive officer, UniCredit Group
• David R. Carlucci, former chairman and chief executive officer, IMS Health Incorporated
• Steven J. Freiberg, senior advisor, Boston Consulting Group
• Nancy J. Karch, director emeritus, McKinsey & Company
• Marc Olivie, president, and chief executive officer, W.C. Bradley Co.
• Rima Qureshi, senior vice president strategic projects, Ericsson
• Jose Octavio Reyes Lagunes, vice chairman, Coca-Cola Export Corporation, The Coca-Cola Company
• Mark Schwartz, vice chairman, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., chairman, Goldman Sachs Asia Pacific
• Edward Suning Tian, chairman, China Broadband Capital Partners, L.P.
• Jackson P. Tai, former vice-chairman, and chief executive officer, DBS Group and DBS Bank Ltd.

In June 2013, Mastercard announced the promotion of Gilberto Caldart to head of Latin America and Caribbean divisions. Caldart joined Mastercard from Citi Brazil in 2008, where he served as country business manager and oversaw the retail bank, consumer finance, and card business.^{[citation needed]}

World Beyond Cash[edit]

In 2017, CEO Ajay Banga reinforced the company’s goal of extending financial services to those outside the current system by bringing digital payment systems to the unbanked around the world. The company invested $500M in India with offices in Pune and Vadodara to help Mastercard bring cashless transactions to the 2nd largest population in the world. The company also is scheduled to invest an additional $750M in cashless apps and technology, especially focused on India between 2017 and 2020.^[114]

Banknet[edit]

Mastercard operates Banknet, a global telecommunications network linking all Mastercard card issuers, acquirers, and data processing centers into a single financial network. The operations hub is located in St. Louis, Missouri. Banknet uses the ISO 8583 protocol.

Mastercard’s network differs significantly from Visa’s. Visa’s is a star-based system where all endpoints terminate at one of several main data centers, where all transactions are processed centrally. Mastercard’s network is an edge-based, peer-to-peer network where transactions travel a meshed network directly to other endpoints, without the need to travel to a single point. This allows Mastercard’s network to be much more resilient, in that a single failure cannot isolate a large number of endpoints.^[115]

COVID-19 assistance[edit]

Mastercard approached TrustStamp in 2018 and invited them to join the Mastercard Start Path Program. The goal of the partnership is integrating TrustStamp’s biometric and facial recognition technology into the Mastercard Well Pass platform. This partnership would enable biometric tracking of vaccinations, especially for children.^[116] The program is based on the TrustStamp Evergreen Hash, which is a personal digital token that is tied to a fingerprint, palm or face. The AI software creates a 3D «mask» and then the original data is destroyed. The token would then adapt as the individual does, creating a lifelong identification system.^[117]

This system is now being implemented in West Africa through partnership with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and NuData. The Mastercard wellness program was adapted in response to the COVID-19 crisis^[118] and now Mastercard is working with TrustStamp and GAVI to bring integrated vaccine verification and payment systems to Developing countries throughout the world.^[119]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Corporate website
• Business website
• Mastercard Priceless Travel site
• Business data for Mastercard:
  • Google
  • SEC filings
  • Yahoo!

Mastercard Inc.

Logo used since 2019
Type	Public company
Traded as	NYSE: MA (Class A) S&P 100 component S&P 500 component
ISIN	US57636Q1040
Industry	Financial services
Founded	1966; 57 years ago
Headquarters	2000 Purchase Street, Purchase, New York , U.S.
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Merit Janow (chair) Michael Miebach (CEO)
Brands	Cirrus Maestro Mondex MasterPass
Services	Credit cards Payment systems
Revenue	US$22.24 billion (2022)
Operating income	US$12.26 billion (2022)
Net income	US$9.93 billion (2022)
Total assets	US$38.72 billion (2022)
Total equity	US$6.30 billion (2022)
Number of employees	29,900 (2022)
Website	mastercard.com
Footnotes / references [1][2]

Mastercard Inc. (stylized as MasterCard from 1979–2016, mastercard from 2016–2019) is the second-largest payment-processing corporation worldwide. It offers a range of financial services. Its headquarters are in Purchase, New York.^[3] Throughout the world, its principal business is to process payments between the banks of merchants and the card-issuing banks or credit unions of the purchasers who use the Mastercard-brand debit, credit and prepaid cards to make purchases. Mastercard has been publicly traded since 2006.

Mastercard (originally Interbank then Master Charge)^[4] was created by an alliance of several banks and regional bankcard associations in response to the BankAmericard issued by Bank of America, which later became Visa, still its biggest competitor. Prior to its initial public offering, Mastercard Worldwide was a cooperative owned by the more than 25,000 financial institutions that issue its branded cards.

History[edit]

Although BankAmericard’s debut in September 1958 was a notorious disaster,^[5] it began to turn a profit by May 1961.^[6] Bank of America deliberately kept this information secret and allowed then-widespread negative impressions to linger in order to ward off competition.^[7] This strategy was successful until 1966, when BankAmericard’s profitability had become far too big to hide.^[7] From 1960 to 1966, there were only 10 new credit cards introduced in the United States, but from 1966 to 1968, approximately 440 credit cards were introduced by banks large and small throughout the country.^[7] These newcomers promptly banded together into regional bankcard associations.^[8]

One reason why most banks chose to join forces was that at the time, 16 states limited the ability of banks to operate through branch locations, while 15 states entirely prohibited branch banking and required unit banking.^[9] A unit bank can legally operate only at a single site and is thereby forced to remain very small.^[9] By joining a regional bankcard association, a unit bank could quickly add a credit card to its lineup of financial products, and achieve economies of scale by outsourcing tedious back office tasks like card servicing to the association.^[8] Such associations also enabled unit banks to aggregate their customer bases and merchant networks in order to make a credit card useful for both customers and merchants; early credit cards had failed because they could only be used within a small radius around their respective issuing banks.^[9]

In 1966, Karl H. Hinke, an executive vice president at Marine Midland Bank, asked representatives of several other banks to meet him in Buffalo, New York.^[10][11] Marine Midland had just launched its own regional bankcard in the Upstate New York market after Bank of America declined its request for a BankAmericard regional license on the basis that Marine Midland was too big.^[12] The result of the Buffalo meeting was that several banks and regional bankcard associations soon agreed to join forces as Interbankard, Inc.,^[10][11] which then became the Interbank Card Association (ICA).^[8] By the end of 1967, ICA had 150 members and Hinke became ICA’s chairman.^[12] Bank of America eventually joined MasterCard as well.^[12] (In the 21st century, Bank of America would revive the BankAmericard brand name as a Mastercard credit card, which it remains today.)

The Interbank branding in 1966 initially consisted only of a small unobtrusive lowercase i inside a circle in the lower right-hand corner of the front of each Interbank card; the rest of the card design was the prerogative of each issuing bank.^[13] This tiny logo proved to be entirely unsatisfactory for creating nationwide brand awareness in order to compete against the established leader, BankAmericard.^[13] In 1969, Interbank developed a new national brand, «Master Charge: The Interbank Card» by combining the two overlapping yellow and orange circles of the Western States Bankcard Association with the «Master Charge» name coined by the First National Bank of Louisville, Kentucky.^[13]

That same year, First National City Bank joined Interbank and merged its proprietary Everything Card with Master Charge.

In 1968, the ICA and Eurocard started a strategic alliance, which effectively allowed the ICA access to the European market, and for Eurocard to be accepted on the ICA network. The Access card system from the United Kingdom joined the ICA/Eurocard alliance in 1972.^[14]

In 1979, Master Charge: The Interbank Card was renamed MasterCard.^[14]

In 1983, MasterCard International Inc. became the first bank to use holograms as part of their card security.^[15] They acquired the Cirrus network of automated tellers in 1985.^[16]

In 1997, MasterCard took over the Access card; the Access brand was then retired.^{[citation needed]} In 2002, MasterCard International merged with Europay International, another large credit-card issuer association, of which Eurocard had become a part in 1992.^[17] MasterCard became a Delaware in connection with the merger, as well as in anticipation of an IPO.^[18]

The company, which had been organized as a cooperative of banks, had an initial public offering on May 25, 2006, selling 95.5 million shares at $39 each.^[19] The stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol MA, with a market capitalization of $367.1 billion as of May 2021.^[20] The deal was designed to maintain the value of the brand and minimise regulatory costs.^[18]

In August 2010, MasterCard Worldwide, as it had been rebranded, expanded its e-commerce offering with the acquisition of DataCash, a UK-based payment processing and fraud/risk management provider.^[21][22] In March 2012, MasterCard announced the expansion of its mobile contactless payments program, including markets across the Middle East.^[23]

In spring 2014, MasterCard acquired Australia’s leading rewards program manager company Pinpoint for an undisclosed amount.^[24] In August 2017, Mastercard acquired Brighterion, a company with a portfolio of intellectual property in the areas of artificial intelligence and machine learning.^[25] Brighterion holds several patents.^[26]

In April 2021, Mastercard created a calculator that gathers information and measures the carbon footprints of the customers in order to help them know how much they are contributing in carbon emissions and global warming.^[27]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Mastercard complied with United States sanctions and banned cards from being issued or used in Russia, including foreign cards from other countries.^[28] Mastercard suspended all business operations in Russia, which had accounted for 4% of their revenue.^[29] However, bank cards themselves continue to work in Russia due to the transfer of internal transactions to the Russian National Card Payment System.

Finances[edit]

Development since 2005^[30]

Year	Revenue (US$ M)	Operating income (US$ M)	Share price (US$)	Employees
2005	2,938	393
2006	3,326	229	6.20
2007	4,068	1,108	13.65
2008	4,992	−534	20.33
2009	5,099	2,260	17.99	5,100
2010	5,539	2,752	22.01	5,600
2011	6,714	2,713	28.73	6,700
2012	7,391	3,937	41.58	7,500
2013	8,312	4,503	59.34	8,200
2014	9,441	5,106	75.33	10,300
2015	9,667	5,078	90.62	11,300
2016	10,776	5,761	94.50	11,900
2017	12,497	6,622	126.54	13,400
2018	14,950	7,282	186.16	14,800
2019	16,883	9,664	300.74	18,600
2020	15,301	8,081	370.00	21,000
2021	18,884	10,082	354.83	24,000
2022	22,237	12,264	347.73	29,900

As of 2020, Mastercard ranked 191 on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.^[31]

Market power[edit]

Operating a payment processing network entails risk of engaging in anticompetitive practices due to the many parties involved (that is, the customer and their bank and the merchant and their bank).^[18]

Few companies have faced more antitrust lawsuits both in the US and abroad.^[32]

United States[edit]

Mastercard, along with Visa, engaged in systematic parallel exclusion against American Express during the 1980s and 1990s. Mastercard used exclusivity clauses in its contracts and blacklists to prevent banks from doing business with American Express. Such exclusionary clauses and other written evidence were used by the United States Department of Justice in regulatory actions against Mastercard and Visa.^[33] Discover has sued Mastercard for similar issues.^[32]

Both Mastercard and Visa have paid approximately $3 billion in damages resulting from a class-action lawsuit filed in January 1996 for debit card swipe fee price fixing.^[34] The litigation cites several retail giants as plaintiffs, including Wal-Mart, Sears, Roebuck & Co., and Safeway.^[35]

In 1996, about 4 million merchants sued Mastercard in federal court for making them accept debit cards if they wanted to accept credit cards and dramatically increasing credit card swipe fees. This case was settled with a multibillion-dollar payment in 2003. This was the largest antitrust award in history.^[32]

In 1998, the Department of Justice sued Mastercard over rules prohibiting their issuing banks from doing business with American Express or Discover. The Department of Justice won in 2001 and the verdict withstood appeal. American Express also filed suit.^[32]

On August 23, 2001, Mastercard International Inc. was sued for violating the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act.^[36]

On November 15, 2004, Mastercard Inc. paid damages to American Express, due to anticompetitive practices that prevented American Express from issuing cards through U.S. banks,^[37] and paid $1.8 billion for settlement.^[38]

Swipe fee fixing and merchant discount bans[edit]

On November 27, 2012, a federal judge entered an order granting preliminary approval to a proposed settlement to a class-action lawsuit^[39] filed in 2005 by merchants and trade associations against Mastercard and Visa. The suit was filed due to alleged price-fixing practices employed by Mastercard and Visa. About one-fourth of the named class plaintiffs have decided to opt-out of the settlement. Opponents object to provisions that would bar future lawsuits and prevent merchants from opting out of significant portions of the proposed settlement.^[40]

Plaintiffs allege that Visa Inc. and Mastercard fixed interchange fees, also known as swipe fees, that are charged to merchants for the privilege of accepting payment cards. In their complaint, the plaintiffs also alleged that the defendants unfairly interfere with merchants from encouraging customers to use less expensive forms of payment such as lower-cost cards, cash, and checks.^[40]

A settlement of $6.24 billion got preliminary approval in November, 2019.^[41] A settlement of $5.54B was approved in 2019. Certain merchants appealed the settlement and were heard. The case is ongoing as of October 2022.^[42]

Antitrust settlement with U.S. Justice Department[edit]

In October 2010, Mastercard and Visa reached a settlement with the U.S. Justice Department in another antitrust case. The companies agreed to allow merchants displaying their logos to decline certain types of cards (because interchange fees differ), or to offer consumers discounts for using cheaper cards.^[43]

ATM operators[edit]

Mastercard, along with Visa, has been sued in a class action by ATM operators that claim the credit card networks’ rules effectively fix ATM access fees. The suit claims that this is a restraint of trade in violation of federal law. The lawsuit was filed by the National ATM Council and independent operators of automated teller machines. More specifically, it is alleged that Mastercard’s and Visa’s network rules prohibit ATM operators from offering lower prices for transactions over PIN-debit networks that are not affiliated with Visa or Mastercard. The suit says that this price-fixing artificially raises the price that consumers pay using ATMs, limits the revenue that ATM operators earn, and violates the Sherman Act’s prohibition against unreasonable restraints of trade. Johnathan Rubin, an attorney for the plaintiffs said, «Visa and Mastercard are the ringleaders, organizers, and enforcers of a conspiracy among U.S. banks to fix the price of ATM access fees in order to keep the competition at bay.»^[44]

Oceania[edit]

In 2003, the Reserve Bank of Australia required that interchange fees be dramatically reduced, from about 0.95% of the transaction to approximately 0.5%.^{[citation needed]} One notable result has been the reduced use of reward cards and increased use of debit cards. Australia also prohibited the no surcharge rule, a policy established by credit card networks like Visa and Mastercard to prevent merchants from charging a credit card usage fee to the cardholder. A surcharge would mitigate or even exceed the merchant discount paid by a merchant, but would also make the cardholder more reluctant to use the card as the method of payment. Australia has also made changes to the interchange rates on debit cards and has considered abolishing interchange fees altogether.

As of November 2006, New Zealand was considering similar actions, following a Commerce Commission lawsuit alleging price-fixing by Visa and Mastercard. In New Zealand, merchants pay a 1.8% fee on every credit card transaction.^{[citation needed]}

Europe[edit]

The European Union has repeatedly criticized Mastercard for monopolistic trade practices. In April 2009, Mastercard reached a settlement with the European Union in an antitrust case, promising to reduce debit card swipe fees to 0.2 percent of purchases.^[45] In December 2010, a senior official from the European Central Bank called for a break-up of the Visa/Mastercard duopoly by the creation of a new European debit card for use in the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA).^[46]

WikiLeaks published documents showing that American authorities lobbied Russia to defend the interests of Visa and Mastercard.^[47][48] In response Mastercard blocked payments to WikiLeaks. Members of the European Parliament expressed concern that payments from European citizens to a European corporation could apparently be blocked by the United States, and called for a further reduction in the dominance of Visa and Mastercard in the European payment system.^[49]

In 2013, Mastercard was under investigation by the European Union for the high fees it charged merchants to accept cards issued outside the EU, compared to cards issued in the EU, as well as other anti-competitive practices that could hinder electronic commerce and international trade, and high fees associated with premium credit cards. The EU’s competition regulator said that these fees were of special concern because of the growing role of non-cash payments. Mastercard was banned from charging fees on cross-border transactions conducted wholly within the EU via a ruling by the European Commission in 2007.^[50] The European Commission said that their investigation also included large differences in fees across national borders. For instance, a €50 payment might cost €0.10 in the Netherlands but eight times that amount in Poland. The Commission argues that Mastercard rules that prohibit merchants from enjoying better terms offered in other EU countries may be against antitrust law.

The European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) praised the action against Mastercard. BEUC said interbank fees push up prices and hurt consumers. BEUC Director General Monique Goyens said, «So in the end, all consumers are hit by a scheme which ultimately rewards the card company and issuing bank.»^[50]

In January 2019, the European Commission imposed an antitrust fine of €570,566,000 to Mastercard for «obstructing merchants’ access to cross-border card payment services», due to Mastercard’s rules obliging acquiring banks to apply the interchange fees of the country where a retailer was located. The Commission concluded that Mastercard’s rules prevented retailers from benefitting from lower fees and restricted competition between banks cross border, in breach of EU antitrust rules. The infringement of antitrust rules ended when Mastercard amended its rules due to the entering into force of the Interchange Fee Regulation in 2015, which introduced caps on interchange fees. The Commission did grant Mastercard a 10% reduction of the fine however, in return for Mastercard acknowledging the facts and cooperating with the antitrust investigation.^[51]

In February 2021, following an investigation by the British Payment Systems Regulator, Mastercard admitted liability for breaching competition rules in relation to pre-paid cards.^[52]

Other issues[edit]

United States internet gambling transactions[edit]

Mastercard, Visa, and other credit cards have been used to fund accounts since online gambling began in the mid-1990s.^[53]

On March 20, 2000, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, reviewed motions in Re: MasterCard International Inc. regarding multi-district litigation alleging Mastercard illegally interacted with a number of internet casinos. The plaintiffs alleged, among other claims, that Mastercard had violated the Federal Wire Act. They sought financial relief for losses suffered at online gambling sites outside the United States.^[54]

The District Court’s ruling on February 23, 2001, later upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, sided with Mastercard. The Firth Circuit also clarified the application of the Wire Act to illegal online gambling. The Court determined that the wire act only applied to gambling activities related to a «sporting event or contest». Therefore, the court could not conclude that Mastercard had violated the Wire Act.^[55]

When PASPA was overturned May 14, 2018, Mastercard had to provide new guidance to its member banks. It clarified that state location restrictions apply to the individual placing the wager, not the member bank processing the transaction. According to various state gaming laws, sports betting providers must use Internet geolocation to determine a customer’s physical location prior to accepting a wager.^[56] The Independent Community Bankers of America specifically requested information about a new online gambling merchant category code.^[57] Mastercard has dedicated MCC 7801 to online gambling. This code is distinct from 7800 for government owned lotteries and 7802 for government licensed horse and dog tracks.^[58]

Blocking payments to WikiLeaks[edit]

In December 2010, Mastercard blocked all payments to whistleblowing platform WikiLeaks due to claims that they engage in illegal activity.^[59] In response, a group of online activists Anonymous organized a denial-of-service attack; as a result, the Mastercard website experienced downtime on December 8–9, 2010.^[60] On December 9, 2010, the servers of Mastercard underwent a massive attack^[61] as part of an Operation Avenge Assange for closing down payments to WikiLeaks. The security of thousands of credit cards was compromised during that attack due to a phishing-site set up by the attackers.^[62] However, Mastercard denied this, stating that account data had «not been placed at risk».^[63] WikiLeaks’ spokesman said, «We neither condemn nor applaud these attacks.»^[64] U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said that closing down credit lines for donations to WikiLeaks «could be interpreted as an attempt to censor the publication of information, thus potentially violating WikiLeaks’ right to freedom of expression».^[65]

In July 2011, Iceland-based IT firm DataCell, the company that enabled WikiLeaks to accept credit and debit card donations, said it would take legal action against Visa Europe and Mastercard,^[66] and that it would move immediately to try to force the two companies to resume allowing payments to the website.^[67] Earlier on December 8, 2010, DataCell’s CEO Andreas Fink had stated that «suspension of payments towards WikiLeaks is a violation of the agreements with their customers.»^[68][69] On July 14, 2011, DataCell announced they had filed a complaint with the European Commission claiming the closure by Visa and Mastercard of Datacell’s access to the payment card networks violated the competition rules of the European Community.^[70]

On July 12, 2012, a Reykjavík court ruled that Valitor, Visa and Mastercard’s partner in Iceland, had to start processing donations within fourteen days^[71] or pay daily fines to the amount of ISK 800,000 (some $6000) for each day after that time, to open the payment gateway. Valitor also had to pay DataCell’s litigation costs of ISK 1,500,000.^[72][73]

Corporate branding of all Nigerian identity cards[edit]

In 2014, pursuant to an agreement between Mastercard and the Nigerian Government, acting through the National Identity Management Commission, the new Nigerian ID cards bear the Mastercard logo, contain personal database data and double as payment cards, irrevocably linking such payments to the individuals,^[74] sparking criticism by the Civil Rights Congress alleging that it «represents a stamped ownership of a Nigerian by an American company … reminiscent of the logo pasted on the bodies of African slaves transported across the Atlantic.»^[75]

Selling of credit card data[edit]

In 2018, Bloomberg News reported that Google had paid millions of dollars to Mastercard for its users’ credit card data for advertising purposes. The deal had not been publicly announced.^[76][77]

Regulatory ban In India[edit]

On July 14, 2021, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) indefinitely barred Mastercard from issuing new debit or credit cards to domestic Indian customers starting July 22, 2021, for violating data localization and storage rules as set by RBI on April 6, 2018, under Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act). This ban does not affect cards already issued and working in India. Mastercard is the third major payment systems provider to be restricted in India after American Express and Diners Club International.^[78] On June 16, 2022, the business restrictions imposed were lifted by RBI with immediate effect.^[79][80]

Offerings[edit]

Depending on the geographical location, Mastercard issues cards in tiers, from the lowest to the highest, Traditional/Classic/Standard, Gold/Titanium, Platinum, World and World Elite.^[81]

Through a partnership with an Internet company that specializes in personalized shopping, Mastercard introduced a Web shopping mall on April 16, 2010, that it said can pinpoint with considerable accuracy what its cardholders are likely to purchase.^[82]

Mastercard teamed with Apple in September 2014, to incorporate a new mobile wallet feature into Apple’s new iPhone and Apple Watch models known as Apple Pay, enabling users to more readily use their Mastercard, and other credit cards.^[83]

In May 2020, Mastercard announced the Mastercard Track Business Payment Service. The service will provide business-to-business payments between buyers and suppliers. According to the head of global commercial products, it «creates a directory of suppliers, enabling suppliers to publish their payment rules so they can better control how they receive payments while making it easier for buyers to find suppliers and understand their requirements».^[84]

On February 10, 2021, Mastercard announced their support of cryptocurrencies saying that later in 2021, Mastercard will start supporting select cryptocurrencies directly on their network. One of the main focus areas that Mastercard wants to support is using digital assets for payments, and that crypto assets will need to offer the stability people need in a vehicle for spending, not investment.^[85][86] In October 2021, Mastercard announced that through its partnership with Bakkt, any bank or merchant on its network would soon be able to offer crypto services.^[87] In June 2022, Mastercard announced that it would now be allowing cardholders to purchase NFTs via various NFT scaling platforms.^[88]

Prepaid debit cards[edit]

Mastercard, Comerica Bank, and the U.S. Treasury Department teamed up in 2008 to create the Direct Express Debit Mastercard. The federal government uses the Express Debit product to issue electronic payments to people who do not have bank accounts. Comerica Bank is the issuing bank for the debit card.

The Direct Express cards give recipients a number of consumer protections.

In June 2013, Mastercard announced a partnership with British Airways to offer members the Executive Club Multi-currency Cash Passport, which will allow members to earn extra points and make multi-currency payments. The Passport card allows users to load up to ten currencies (euro, pound, U.S. dollar, Turkish lira, Swiss franc, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, New Zealand dollar, U.A.E. dirham, and South African rand) at a locked-in rate. When used, the card selects the local currency to ensure the best exchange rate, and if the local currency is not already loaded onto the card, funds are used from other currencies.^{[citation needed]}

QkR[edit]

QkR is a mobile payment app developed by Mastercard, for the purpose of ordering products and services through a smartphone with payments charged to the associated credit card. It is being deployed for use in large-scale events, such as sport events, concerts, or movie theaters. Unlike other Mastercard mobile payment apps such as Pay Pass, QkR does not use NFC from the phone, but rather an Internet connection.

Users can open the app, scan a QR code located on the back of the seat in front of them, and place orders for refreshments of their choice.^[89][90] The order is dispatched to a nearby concession stand, from where a runner delivers the items to the patrons’ seats. It is already deployed in Australian movie theaters and is being tested in Yankee Stadium.

QkR is being marketed to vendors as a replacement for other mobile payment apps and a mobile ordering app, either distributed by the vendor (such as Starbucks’s app, McDonald’s’ app, or Chipotle’s mobile ordering app) or by a third party, such as Square, headed by Twitter cofounder Jack Dorsey.

Mastercard Contactless[edit]

Mastercard Contactless (formerly branded PayPass^[91]) is an EMV-compatible, contactless payment feature similar to American Express’ ExpressPay, and Visa Contactless. All three use the same symbol as shown on the right. It is based on the ISO/IEC 14443 standard that provides cardholders with a simpler way to pay by tapping a payment card or other payment device, such as a phone or key fob, on a point-of-sale terminal reader rather than swiping or inserting a card. Contactless can currently be used on transactions up to and including 100 GBP, 50 EUR, 80 CHF, 50 USD, 100 CAD, 200 SEK, 500 NOK, 100 PLN, 350 DKK, 80 NZD, 100 AUD, 1000 RUB, 500 UAH, 500 TRY^[92] or 2000 INR.

In 2003, Mastercard concluded a nine-month PayPass market trial in Orlando, Florida, with JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, and MBNA. More than 16,000 cardholders and more than 60 retailer locations participated in the market trial.^{[needs update]} In addition, Mastercard worked with Nokia and the Nokia 6131,^[93] AT&T Wireless, and JPMorgan Chase to incorporate Mastercard PayPass into mobile phones using near-field communication technology, in Dallas, Texas. In 2011, Google and Mastercard launched Google Wallet, an Android application which allows a mobile device to send credit/debit card information directly to a Paypass-enabled payment terminal, bypassing the need for a physical card, up until the creation of Android Pay.

During late 2015, Citicards in the US stopped issuing Paypass-enabled plastic, but the keyfob was still available upon request. Effective July 16, 2016, Citicards stopped supporting Paypass completely. While existing plastic and keyfobs continued to work until their expiration date, no new Paypass-enabled hardware was issued to US customers after that date.

Brand[edit]

Mastercard is associated with security and is believed to be reliable in emergencies. Antitrust litigation over the years has damaged the brand.^[18]

Mastercard’s current advertising campaign tagline is Priceless. It started in 1997. The slogan associated with the campaign is There are some things money can’t buy. For everything else, there’s Mastercard. The Priceless campaign in more recent iterations has been applicable to both Mastercard’s credit card and debit card products. They also use the Priceless description to promote products such as their priceless travel site, which features deals and offers for Mastercard holders,^[94] and priceless cities, offers for people in specified locations.^[95]

In mid-2006, MasterCard International changed its name to MasterCard Worldwide. This was to suggest a more global scale. In addition, the company introduced a new corporate logo adding a third circle to the two that had been used in the past (the familiar card logo, resembling a Venn diagram, remained unchanged). A new corporate tagline was introduced at the same time—The Heart of Commerce.^[96]

In July 2016, Mastercard introduced their new rebranding, along with a new corporate logo. In addition, they changed their service name from «MasterCard» to «mastercard».^[97]

In January 2019, Mastercard removed its name from its logo, leaving just the overlapping discs.^[98]

In 2021, Mastercard was ranked number 13 on Morning Consult’s list of most trusted brands.^[99]

[edit]

Mastercard sponsors major sporting events and teams throughout the world. These include rugby’s New Zealand, the MLB, the UEFA Champions League and the PGA Tour’s Arnold Palmer Invitational. Previously, it also sponsored the FIFA World Cup but withdrew its contract after a court settlement and its rival, Visa, took up the contract in 2007.^[100] In 1997, Mastercard was the main sponsor of the Mastercard Lola Formula One team,^[101] which withdrew from the 1997 Formula One season after its first race due to financial problems.^[102] It also partners the Brazil national football team^[103] and the Copa Libertadores.^[104]

Mastercard was also the title sponsor for the Alamo Bowl game from 2002 until 2005.

In late 2018, Mastercard became the first major sponsor for League of Legends esports. The company sponsors the League of Legends World Championship, Mid-Season Invitational, and the All-stars event for League of Legends.^[105]

Until 2018, Mastercard was the sponsor of the Memorial Cup, the CHL’s annual championship between its three leagues.

In September 2022, Mastercard acquired the title sponsorship rights for all international and domestic home matches organized by the Board of Cricket Control in India.^[106][107]

Corporate affairs[edit]

Mastercard has its headquarters in the Mastercard International Global Headquarters in Purchase, New York.^[108] The Global Operations Center is located in O’Fallon, a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri.

Mastercard was listed as one of the best companies to work for in 2013 by Forbes.^[109] In 2016, Mastercard UK became one of 144 companies who signed the HM Treasury’s Women in Finance Charter, a pledge for balanced gender representation in the company.^[110]

Management and board of directors[edit]

Key executives include:^[111]

Prior to its IPO in 2006, Mastercard was an association that had a board of directors composed of banks. The current board of directors includes the following individuals:^[112]

• Merit Janow, Non-Executive Chair, and Dean Emerita, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University^[113]
• Silvio Barzi, former senior advisor, and executive officer, UniCredit Group
• David R. Carlucci, former chairman and chief executive officer, IMS Health Incorporated
• Steven J. Freiberg, senior advisor, Boston Consulting Group
• Nancy J. Karch, director emeritus, McKinsey & Company
• Marc Olivie, president, and chief executive officer, W.C. Bradley Co.
• Rima Qureshi, senior vice president strategic projects, Ericsson
• Jose Octavio Reyes Lagunes, vice chairman, Coca-Cola Export Corporation, The Coca-Cola Company
• Mark Schwartz, vice chairman, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., chairman, Goldman Sachs Asia Pacific
• Edward Suning Tian, chairman, China Broadband Capital Partners, L.P.
• Jackson P. Tai, former vice-chairman, and chief executive officer, DBS Group and DBS Bank Ltd.

In June 2013, Mastercard announced the promotion of Gilberto Caldart to head of Latin America and Caribbean divisions. Caldart joined Mastercard from Citi Brazil in 2008, where he served as country business manager and oversaw the retail bank, consumer finance, and card business.^{[citation needed]}

World Beyond Cash[edit]

In 2017, CEO Ajay Banga reinforced the company’s goal of extending financial services to those outside the current system by bringing digital payment systems to the unbanked around the world. The company invested $500M in India with offices in Pune and Vadodara to help Mastercard bring cashless transactions to the 2nd largest population in the world. The company also is scheduled to invest an additional $750M in cashless apps and technology, especially focused on India between 2017 and 2020.^[114]

Banknet[edit]

Mastercard operates Banknet, a global telecommunications network linking all Mastercard card issuers, acquirers, and data processing centers into a single financial network. The operations hub is located in St. Louis, Missouri. Banknet uses the ISO 8583 protocol.

Mastercard’s network differs significantly from Visa’s. Visa’s is a star-based system where all endpoints terminate at one of several main data centers, where all transactions are processed centrally. Mastercard’s network is an edge-based, peer-to-peer network where transactions travel a meshed network directly to other endpoints, without the need to travel to a single point. This allows Mastercard’s network to be much more resilient, in that a single failure cannot isolate a large number of endpoints.^[115]

COVID-19 assistance[edit]

Mastercard approached TrustStamp in 2018 and invited them to join the Mastercard Start Path Program. The goal of the partnership is integrating TrustStamp’s biometric and facial recognition technology into the Mastercard Well Pass platform. This partnership would enable biometric tracking of vaccinations, especially for children.^[116] The program is based on the TrustStamp Evergreen Hash, which is a personal digital token that is tied to a fingerprint, palm or face. The AI software creates a 3D «mask» and then the original data is destroyed. The token would then adapt as the individual does, creating a lifelong identification system.^[117]

This system is now being implemented in West Africa through partnership with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and NuData. The Mastercard wellness program was adapted in response to the COVID-19 crisis^[118] and now Mastercard is working with TrustStamp and GAVI to bring integrated vaccine verification and payment systems to Developing countries throughout the world.^[119]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Corporate website
• Business website
• Mastercard Priceless Travel site
• Business data for Mastercard:
  • Google
  • SEC filings
  • Yahoo!

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Показать ещё примеры для «мастер кард»…

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1
MasterCard

Англо-русский экономический словарь > MasterCard

2
MasterCard

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MasterCard

3
MasterCard

English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > MasterCard

4
mastercard

(n) международная система кредитных карточек мастеркард

Новый англо-русский словарь > mastercard

5
MasterCard International

орг.

банк.

«Мастеркард Интернешнл»

See:

* * *

«Мастеркард Интернешнл»: международная некоммерческая компания кредитных карточек, принадлежащая группе банков-членов из разных стран; включает карточку системы «Аксесс», а также сеть автоматических кассовых аппаратов в США (Циррус).

* * *

Англо-русский экономический словарь > MasterCard International

6
MasterCard global service

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MasterCard global service

7
MasterCard Card

Англо-русский экономический словарь > MasterCard Card

8
MasterCard card

Англо-русский экономический словарь > MasterCard card

9
MasterCard International Inc

Англо-русский экономический словарь > MasterCard International Inc

10
member of Visa/Mastercard association

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > member of Visa/Mastercard association

11
worldwide acceptance (MasterCard)

Сотовая связь:

глобальная сеть приема

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > worldwide acceptance (MasterCard)

12
EMV-Migration

EVM-миграциия (немного яндексится, но…)

!

A global move by Visa and MasterCard to employ the Europay, MasterCard, and Visa (EMV) specification has accelerated smart card adoption. For instance, companies in the United Kingdom have already made rapid progression by moving towards smart cards.

Frost & Sullivan’s recent study examines the global banking (financial and loyalty) smart card markets. It offers a competitive analysis on the market shares of key participants. The research provides comprehensive market overview with a global analysis. Market drivers and restraints are also included for end-user benefit.

Mandatory EMV Migration to Avoid Liability Shift Proves to Be a Major Driver

Adopted in 1996, the EMV migration is a result of EMV acceptance as a global standard. With the approaching migration deadline in Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) and the Asia Pacific (APAC) regions as well as the growing need to avoid the liability shift, numerous financial institutions are chip-enabling their cards and terminals. They are also running systems migration exercises as enhanced security measures.

«

«»As EMV migration is in progress for banks and merchants, private label card operators too are expected to migrate to smart cards for avoiding the risk of fraud passing on to them,»» says the analyst of this research. «»The EMV migration push impacts the retail loyalty market in a big way, since retailers are pressured to upgrade their point of sale (POS) terminals to accept credit and debit smart cards, failing which, the liability of card fraud is likely to shift to them.»»

»

29.11.2006 10:26

Тема сообщения: EMV- migration юр.

Help, please.

1) Что может означать EMV-migration в данном тексте:

The company is engaged in the business of EMV-Migration, e-Documents, smart cards applications for projects in Governmental, Financial, Corporate and similar markets.

2) Помогите перевести voting interest в следующем предложении:

ownership of voting securities or voting interest or otherwise.

Очень прошу помочь. Переводим юридический контракт.

Заранее спасибо. Mt | Google

d.

29.11.2006 10:29

EMV — новый стандарт пластиковых карт, Europay Visa Mastercard, на чипах (смарт-карты)

d.

29.11.2006 10:31

«

а может, «»перевод»» — если компания кому помогает это делать

»

29.11.2006 10:32

EMV-Migration так и переводится — EMV миграция (то есть переход с магнитной полосы на чип)

Англо-русский экономический словарь > EMV-Migration

13
worldwide acceptance

3) Сотовая связь: глобальная сеть приема

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > worldwide acceptance

14
Bank Card Association

,

банк.

Ассоциация банковских карточек [карт]

See:

* * *

Ассоциация банковских карточек: организация типа Визы и Мастеркард, которая принадлежит финансовым учреждениям и занимается лицензированием выпуска банковских карточек, авторизацией операций по карточкам, расчетами, установлением размера комиссий за обработку сделок.

* * *

Англо-русский экономический словарь > Bank Card Association

15
bank identification number

BIN

,

фин.

банковский идентификационный номер (БИН)

See:

* * *

: BIN

банковский идентификационный номер (БИН):
1)

=

ABA transit number;
2) числовой код, идентифицирующий банк-эмитент карточки в системе Виза или Аксесс; БИН — первые шесть цифр номера карточки.

* * *

Англо-русский экономический словарь > bank identification number

16
card

1.

сущ.

1)

б)

,

общ.

карты, карточная игра

2)

See:

See:

telephone [calling] card, phonecard, telecard — телефонная карточка [карта]

See:

access card, affinity card, ATM card, bank card, business card, cash card, charge card, cheque card, chip card, co-branded card, commercial card, company card, credit card, debit card, discount card, disposable card, electronic benefits transfer card, embossed card, fleet card, gold card, hot card, integrated circuit card, magnetic card, payment card, plastic card, platinum card, premium card, prepaid card, procurement card, rechargeable card, smart card, store card, stored-value card, travel and entertainment card, cardholder, Visa, MasterCard, American Express

3)

общ.

билет, приглашение

5)

,

эк. тр.

,

брит.

,

разг.

7)

а)

общ.

программка, программа

б)

,

амер.

объявление, короткая заметка , краткое публичное заявление

2.

гл.

1)

общ.

выписывать на карточку

2)

,

амер.

наклеивать на карточки, прикреплять образцы и т. п.

3)

общ.

прикреплять ярлыки

Англо-русский экономический словарь > card

17
Card Validation Code

CVC

банк.

проверочный [подтверждающий] код карточки [карты]

*

, код подтверждения подлинности карты

*

See:

Англо-русский экономический словарь > Card Validation Code

18
Eurocard

See:

* * *

«Еврокарточка»: кредитная карточка, выпускаемая международной организацией «Еврокард» (Брюссель) через банки и специализированные компании; принимается практически во всех странах мира; связана с «Мастеркард»;

plastic card.

* * *

Англо-русский экономический словарь > Eurocard

19
international name

марк.

международная марка

Maestro is an international name for debit cards from MasterCard. — «Маэстро» — это всемирно известное название дебетовой пластиковой карты компании «МастерКард».

See:

Англо-русский экономический словарь > international name

20
plastic card

,

фин.

пластиковая карточка [карта]

Syn:

See:

debit card, credit card, electronic funds transfer, electronic funds transfer at point of sale, Electronic Funds Transfer Act, cash dispenser, automated teller machine, ATM card, cash card, cheque card, affinity card, gold card, platinum card, electronic benefits transfer card, personal identification number, bank identification number, verification code, address verification system, embosser 2) б), embossed card, plastic bonds, smart card, magnetic card, MasterCard, Visa, American Express, Barclaycard

* * *

пластиковая карточка: общий термин для обозначения всех видов платежных карточек — кредитных, дебетовых, банковских, магазинных (различаются по внешнему виду и материалу изготовления);

affinity card;

American Express card;

Barclay card;

check guarantee card;

warning list.

Англо-русский экономический словарь > plastic card

См. также в других словарях:

• MasterCard — Incorporated Type Public Traded as NYSE: MA S P 500 C …   Wikipedia

• MasterCard — Inc. Tipo Empresa Pública (NYSE: MA) Fundación 1966 Sede Nueva York …   Wikipedia Español

• Mastercard — Logo Kreditkarten: Visa und MasterCard MasterCard International ist, mit ca. 4000 Mitarbeitern, eine der beiden großen weltweiten Kreditkartenorganisationen. MasterCard International vergibt Lizenzen an Banken in aller Wel …   Deutsch Wikipedia

• Mastercard — Logo de MasterCard Inc. Dates clés 1966 Personnages clés Robert W. Selander …   Wikipédia en Français

• MasterCard — Dieser Artikel wurde aufgrund inhaltlicher und/oder formaler Mängel auf der Qualitätssicherungsseite des Portals Wirtschaft eingetragen. Du kannst helfen, indem Du die dort genannten Mängel beseitigst oder Dich an der Diskussion beteiligst …   Deutsch Wikipedia

• MasterCard — В этой статье не хватает ссылок на источники информации. Информация должна быть проверяема, иначе она может быть поставлена под сомнение и удалена. Вы можете …   Википедия

• MasterCard — Logo de MasterCard Dates clés 1966 Personnages clés Robert W. Selander …   Wikipédia en Français

• Mastercard — weltweit agierendes Kreditkartenunternehmen; die gleichnamige ⇡ Kreditkarte wird – zumeist über Banken – in Verkehr gebracht. In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland geben die Kreditinstitute die Mastercard mit institutsindividueller Ausprägung aus.… …   Lexikon der Economics

• MasterCard — Mas|ter|Card trademark 1.) a large international ↑credit card system operated by a group of banks 2.) a credit card belonging to the MasterCard system, used for obtaining goods and services which the user pays for later ▪ Do you take MasterCard? …   Dictionary of contemporary English

• MasterCard International Global Headquarters — Aerial view of the facility Alternative names 2000 Purchase Street General information Type …   Wikipedia

• MasterCard MoneySend — сервис платежной системы MasterCard Worldwide, позволяющий держателям дебетовых карт MasterCard и Maestro осуществлять денежные переводы между собой. Чтобы выполнить перевод, необходимо знать только номер карты получателя. Заполнять какие либо… …   Банковская энциклопедия

Mastercard Inc. (ранее MasterCard Worldwide или MasterCard Incorporated) — международная платёжная система, транснациональная финансовая корпорация, объединяющая 22 тысячи финансовых учреждений в 210 странах мира. Главная штаб-квартира^{<span title=»Статья «Главная штаб-квартира» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en компании находится в округе Уэстчестер, штат Нью-Йорк, США. Глобальная операционная штаб-квартира расположена в О’Фэллоне^{<span title=»Статья «О’Фэллон» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en, пригороде Сент-Луиса, штат Миссури, США. Во всём мире основным бизнесом является обработка платежей между банками-эквайерами, обслуживающими торговые точки, банками-эмитентами или кредитными кооперативами, использующими для оплат дебетовые и кредитные карты бренда «Mastercard». С 2006 года MasterCard Worldwide стала публичной компанией, до своего первого публичного размещения она являлась организацией, совместно управляемой более чем 25 000 финансовыми учреждениями, выпускающими брендовые карты.

Mastercard, первоначально известная как Interbank / Master Charge,^[4] была создана несколькими калифорнийскими банками как конкурент картам BankAmericard, выпускавшимися Bank of America, который позднее стал эмитентом кредитных карт Visa от платёжной системы Visa Inc. С 1966 по 1979 Mastercard называлась «Interbank» и «Master Charge».

История

Первоначальными банками, образовавшими Mastercard, были United California Bank^{<span title=»Статья «United California Bank» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en (позднее First Interstate BancSystem^{<span title=»Статья «First Interstate BancSystem» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en, объединившийся в Wells Fargo Bank), Wells Fargo, Crocker National Bank^{<span title=»Статья «Crocker National Bank» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en (впоследствии также слившийся с Wells Fargo) и Bank of California^{<span title=»Статья «Bank of California» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en (впоследствии слившийся с Union Bank of California^{<span title=»Статья «Union Bank of California» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en). Роберт Ливелл, старший вице-президент Farmer’s & Merchants Bank of Long Beach, Калифорния, вместе со своим сыном Мартином Ливеллом создали графическое изображение на основе двух пересекающихся кругов с названием Master Charge, наложенным в центре логотипа. Всё это стало частью работы Независимой ассоциации банкиров.

В 1966 году вышеназванная группа калифорнийских банков подписала соглашение и образовала Interbank Card Association (ICA).^[5] При поддержке Нью-Йоркского Marine Midland Bank^{<span title=»Статья «Marine Midland Bank» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en, ныне HSBC Bank USA^{<span title=»Статья «HSBC Bank USA» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en, эти банки вошли в ICA для создания банковского продукта «Master Charge: The Interbank Card». Карта получила значительный толчок своему развитию в 1969 году, когда к ним присоединился First National City Bank, объединив свой продукт Everything Card^{<span title=»Статья «Everything Card» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en с Master Charge.

В 1968 г. было заключено первое международное соглашение с мексиканским банком Banko Nacional. В том же году Mastercard .International подписала стратегическое соглашение с европейской системой Eurocard, положившее начало партнёрству между ассоциациями Mastercard International и Europay International и давшее Mastercard доступ на европейский рынок, а Eurocard получила возможность обслуживания в сети Mastercard. В 1972 году в альянс Mastercard/Eurocard вступила карточная система Access^{<span title=»Статья «Access (карточная система)» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en Великобритании.

В 1979 году «Master Charge: The Interbank Card» была переименована в просто «MasterCard».^[5] В начале 1990-х годов Mastercard приобрела британскую Access card и название Access было отброшено. В 2002 году Mastercard International объединилась с Europay International SA,^[5] другой крупной ассоциацией, эмитирующей карты, которая на протяжении многих лет выпускала карты под названием Eurocard.

В 2006 году Mastercard International претерпела изменение названия, переименовавшись в MasterCard Worldwide. Это было сделано для предложения корпорацией более масштабных операций. Кроме того, компания представила новый корпоративный логотип, добавив к первым двум кругам третий, что сделало его напоминающим диаграмму Венна. Новым девизом компании в то время была фраза «Сердце коммерции».

25 мая 2006 года компания Mastercard, созданная как банковская ассоциация, произвела первичное публичное размещение своих акций по цене 39,00 долларов за штуку. Торги состоялись на NYSE под символом MA.

В 2010 году Mastercard расширила сферу своей электронной коммерции, сделав предложение о приобретении DataCash^{<span title=»Статья «DataCash» в русском разделе отсутствует»>ru</span>}_en, базирующейся в Великобритании компании по процессингу платежей, и поставщика услуг по управлению рисками / отслеживанию мошенничества.^[6][7]

В 2012 году Mastercard объявляет о расширении своей мобильной программы бесконтактных платежей, включая рынок платежей всего Ближнего Востока.^[8]

В 2014 за неоглашаемую сумму сделки Mastercard приобрела австралийскую компанию Pinpoint, ведущего управленца программы вознаграждений.^[9]

Совместно с Apple в сентябре 2014 Mastercard включили функцию мобильного бумажника в новые модели iPhone от Apple, что дало владельцам удобство пользования своими банковскими картами.^[10]

7 января 2019 года пресс-служба платежной системы Mastercard сообщила о смене логотипа компании.^[11][12][13]

11 февраля 2021 года стало известно что, Mastercard позволит совершать операции с помощью определенных криптовалют. Компания планирует тщательно подходить к выбору криптовалют, операции с которыми будут поддерживаться.^[14]

25 октября 2021 года стало известно, что Mastercard заключила соглашение с платформой для хранения криптовалют Bakkt, которое позволит клиентам компании в США проводить ряд операций с криптовалютой в рамках платёжной системы. Клиенты Mastercard смогут продавать, покупать и хранить криптовалюту в кошельках, работающих на платформе Bakkt. Кроме того, соглашение упростит выпуск криптовалютных дебетовых и кредитных карт. Также Mastercard намерена интегрировать криптовалюту в свои программы лояльности, чтобы партнёры компании смогли начислять клиентам вместо обычных баллов криптовалюту^[15].

Чистая прибыль Mastercard за 2021 год составила $8,7 млрд, выручка — $18,9 млрд.^[16]

Деятельность

Ассоциация Mastercard International управляется её участниками. В целях координации и управления глобальным бизнесом, обеспечения продвижения на рынках брендов платёжной системы, разработки и внедрения новых технологий и стандартов была основана бесприбыльная (некоммерческая) неакционерная корпорация Mastercard International Incorporated.^{[источник не указан 3817 дней]}

В 2010 г. на долю Mastercard приходилось 20 % платёжных карт мира, 28,6 % имел бывший мировой лидер VISA, а первой стала China UnionPay с 29,2 %^[17].

В 2015 доля Mastercard в мире также составляет 20 % платёжного рынка, при этом в России — доля в 35 % с общим числом в 80 млн эмитированных карт.^[18]

Корпорация Mastercard .International Incorporated и участники платёжной системы Mastercard International активно участвуют в разработке и внедрении технологий и стандартов микропроцессорных карточек, а также в продвижении карточек в качестве инструмента безопасных платежей на рынке электронной коммерции. В этих целях платёжная система участвует в работе нескольких международных консорциумов и форумов, работающих над внедрением стандартов многофункциональных микропроцессорных карточек.

Судебные разбирательства

Антимонопольный иск от операторов банкоматов

К Mastercard, наряду с VISA, предъявили коллективный иск, инициированный операторами банкоматов, в том, что правила банкоматных сетей по обслуживанию кредитных карт устанавливают для банкомата фиксированную плату за доступ к банкоматной сети. В иске утверждалось, что это ограничивает свободу торговли и нарушает федеральный закон. Иск был подан Национальным советом по банкоматам и независимыми операторами банкоматов. В частности, в иске говорилось о том, что правила сетей Mastercard и Visa запрещают операторам банкоматов предлагать более низкую цену за транзакцию по дебетовым картам с вводом PIN, чем есть в банкоматных сетях, не аффилированных с Visa или Mastercard. Также указывалось, что фиксированная комиссия искусственно завышает цену, которая в конечном итоге платится потребителем за использование банкомата, и ограничивает доходы, получаемые операторами банкоматов, а также нарушает закон Шермана по необоснованным ограничениям торговли. Джонатан Рубин, адвокат истцов, заявил, что Visa и Mastercard являются инициаторами, организаторами и блюстителями заговора между банками США для фиксирования комиссии для банкоматов, с тем, чтобы сохранять конкурентное преимущество.^[19]

Фиксированная комиссия при оплате дебетовой картой

Также Mastercard и Visa заплатили около 3 млн долларов в качестве возмещения ущерба по коллективному иску, поданному в январе 1996 года. Со стороны истцов в процессе участвовали несколько розничных гигантов, включая Wal-Mart, Sears, Roebuck & Co. и Safeway Inc.^[20]

Антимонопольное урегулирование с Департаментом юстиции США

В октябре 2010 года Visa и Mastercard достигли соглашения с Министерством юстиции США по другому антимонопольному делу. Компании согласились на отображение их логотипов торговыми точками для уменьшения определённых типов карт (так как применяется различная плата за интерчендж) или при принятии решения покупателем использовать более выгодную карту для оплаты, чтобы получить скидку.^[21]

Деятельность в России

29 декабря 2012 года платёжная система МастерКард зарегистрирована в реестре операторов платежных систем Банка России^[22].

Оператор — ООО «МастерКард».

Расчетный центр — ПАО «Сбербанк России».

С 21 марта 2014 года Казначейство США ввело санкции против некоторых российских физических лиц и организаций. В целях соответствия законодательству США компания MasterCard Worldwide приостановила доступ к сети Mastercard для таких организаций.^[23] Среди заблокированных оказались банки АКБ «Россия», «Инвесткапиталбанк», СМП Банк, «Финсервис», «Собинбанк», и другие.

21 марта 2014 года депутатами Госдумы и чиновниками Российской Федерации начата подготовка поправок в федеральный закон «О национальной платежной системе», которые должны обязать платежные системы хранить данные по транзакциям на территории РФ.

26 декабря 2014 года Mastercard уведомила российские банки о необходимости прекращения обслуживания своих карт в Крыму в связи с санкциями США, введёнными против Крыма 19 декабря 2014 года.^[24]

С апреля 2015 года все внутрироссийские транзакции MasterCard полностью переведены на процессинг НСПК^[25].
Карты международных платёжных систем снова заработали на территории Крыма^[26].

В марте 2022 года в связи с вторжением России на Украину платежные системы VISA и MasterCard заявили о том, что уходят из России^[27]. Карты Visa и MasterCard перестали работать за рубежом, но благодаря переходу внутрироссийских транзакций в НСПК — продолжают работать на всей территории России.

Проприетарные торговые марки

Mastercard

Основополагающая торговая марка Mastercard International является базовой в визуальной коммуникации с участниками платёжной системы, клиентами и предприятиями торговли и сервиса по всему миру.

MasterCard Electronic

Позиционируется как «100 % электронный», «100 % авторизуемый эмитентом» карточный продукт, предназначенный в первую очередь для использования в высокорисковой среде (к этой категории можно отнести как не полностью надёжных клиентов с точки зрения эмитента, так и неблагополучные с точки зрения мошенничества торговые точки, целые страны или регионы — с точки зрения держателя карты).^[28]

Maestro

Сервис дебетовых карт, основанный в 1990 году, с использованием привязки карт к текущему счёту или предоплаченным денежным лимитом. Отличается онлайн-авторизацией остатка средств в банке-эмитенте и требует подтверждения оплаты подписью или PIN-кодом. Выпускается только с магнитной полосой или с магнитной полосой и микрочипом.^[29]

Mondex

Данный продукт предоставляет возможность для расчётов «электронными деньгами», для чего предусмотрена возможность «загрузки» наличных в «электронный кошелёк», функционирующий на базе установленного в карте чипа.^[30]

Cirrus

Принадлежащая Mastercard International торговая марка, объединяющая сеть банкоматов.^[29]

Mastercard Contactless

Mastercard Contactless (ранее Mastercard PayPass) — это совместимая с EMV бесконтактная возможность проведения платежа, основанная на стандарте ISO/IEC 14443, предоставляющая держателям карт способ совершения оплаты путём близкого поднесения или прикосновения платёжной картой или иным платёжным инструментом, таким как телефон или брелок для ключей, к считывающему платёжному терминалу вместо проведения ею для считывания или вставки её в терминал.

В 2003 году Mastercard проводила 9-месячное тестовое рыночное использование технологии PayPass в Орландо, Флорида совместно с JPMorgan Chase, Citibank и MBNA  (англ.) (рус.. В тестовых испытаниях приняло участие свыше 16 000 держателей карт и более 60 мест розничной торговли. В дополнение к этому, Mastercard прорабатывала технологию совместно с Nokia, AT&T Mobility и JPMorgan Chase для включения Mastercard PayPass в мобильные телефоны с использованием технологии NFC в Далласе, Техас. Как ожидается, вскоре Contactless будет встроен в мобильные телефоны. В настоящий момент подобная технология используется во многих телефонах при помощи специальных сервисов.^[31].

Banknet

Операции в платёжной системе Mastercard осуществляются через телекоммуникационную сеть Banknet, связывающую всех эмитентов этих карт и процессинговые центры в единую финансовую сеть. Операционный центр расположен в Сент-Луисе, штат Миссури. В Banknet используется протокол ISO 8583.

Сеть Mastercard существенно отличается от VISA, у которой сеть имеет топологию звезды, все конечные точки которой сходятся в одном из нескольких центров обработки данных, где централизованно обрабатываются все транзакции. Сеть же Mastercard является одноранговой, в которой транзакции передаются непосредственно в другие конечные точки, являющиеся «ячейками» сети. Это придаёт такой сети больше стабильности, так как единичный сбой не сможет повлиять на отключение большого числа конечных точек.^[32]

См. также

• Мир
• JCB
• RuPay
• UnionPay
• Visa

Примечания

Ссылки

• Официальный сайт компании

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