Пирожное макарон как правильно пишется

Макарон или макарун: как правильно произносить?

октября 14, 2017

Многие люди не видят разницы между этими названиями. Однако, если в самих словах отличается лишь одна буква, на деле получаются две разные вкусняшки.

Итак, макарон (macaron) — это десерт французский. Небольшое и лёгкое печенье-безе с мягкой начинкой и суховатой хрустящей корочкой. Макарон круглой формы и состоит из двух половинок, соединённых кремом.

Это сладкое блюдо готовится из миндальной муки, яичных белков, сахарного сиропа и бывает самых разных вкусов: абрикос, ананас, клубника, кофе, ром, классический миндаль или пикантный лимон, сладкий банан или ароматное манго – вы можете выбрать вкус под настроение – дерзкий, нежный или сладкий как воскресный сон. 

На мой взгляд, самое вкусное печенье макарон это в знаменитой кондитерской Ladurée!

Для тех, кто побывал в Париже, Ladurée не просто лакомство, Ladurée — сама Франция. Кондитерский дом был основан в 1862 году и сгорел дотла во время Парижской коммуны. Жанна Сушар, жена Луи Эрнеста Ладюрэ, сделала предложение превратить восстановленную французскую кондитерскую в модный чайный салон для женщин, которые в те времена никуда не могли выйти без сопровождения, не опасаясь быть скомпрометированными.

Идея имела успех, но самая настоящая слава пришла к Ladurée в 1930 году, когда внук основателя Пьер Дефонтен придумал макарон в том виде, какой мы привыкли видеть его сейчас — два хрупких миндальных пирожных с нежной серединой скреплены наивкуснейшим кремом.

Кстати, до этого макароны, известные во Франции еще со времен Екатерины Медичи, делали в виде маленьких лепешечек без какой-либо начинки.

На сегодняшний день Вы можете попробовать самые вкусные макаронс не только в Париже, но и в Москве:)

Стоимость одного пирожного — 180 руб.

Ресторан на Красной площади (напротив ГУМа)
Никольская ул., 5/1, стр. 3
 

Бутик на Патриарших

Малая Бронная, 27/14 

Корнер в ГУМе

Красная пл., 3 
1 этаж, 3-я линия, со стороны Ильинки

Макарун (macaroon) — традиционный американский десерт. Это кокосовое печенье, которое можно приготовить самостоятельно на скорую руку для внезапно появившихся гостей из кокосовой стружки, яичных белков и сахара. У печенья макарун тоже слегка хрустящая корочка снаружи и они мягкие внутри, но процесс их приготовления намного проще и не требует той ювелирной точности и аккуратности, как в случае с макарон. Готовое печенье макарон производится в довольно малых количествах, а весь творческий подход к его облагораживанию состоит лишь в том, что макарон по-традиции окунают в горячий шоколад и затем охлаждают.

Все куда проще, чем кажется!

Надеюсь, данная статья была Вам полезна и Вы подпишитесь на нашу новостную рассылку, где мы будем делиться с Вами не только флористическими и кулинарными лайфхаками, но и окружающей нас красотой! 

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  Вперед

Как правильно называются макаруны

 

(3,43 из 5 на основании 14 оценок)

Очаровательные французские печенья всевозможных цветов быстро прижились и в России, полюбились многим ценителям оригинальных и вкусных десертов. Но с их названием случилась настоящая путаница. Как только ни именуют в разговорной речи и меню кондитерских эти маленькие миндальные печенья безе:

• «macarons» – соответствует французскому названию;
• «макаруны» – наиболее популярная и адаптированная для русского языка версия;
• «макаронс» – так будет звучать французское название, если просто попытаться прочитать его;
• и даже «макароны», что совсем уж далеко от сути и сбивает собеседника с толку, зато привычнее звучит, потому и врезается в память.

В настоящее время в обиходе используются 3 первых варианта, каждый из которых имеет право на существование и по-своему верен. Больших споров на этот счет тоже не возникает, ведь с помощью простого уточнения «цветные печенья» можно легко объяснить, что имеется в виду.

Какое же название самое правильное?

В письменном виде точнее всего будет термин «macarons», просто потому что именно так называют печенья на родине их создания. В речи, если подразумевается множественное число, могут использоваться и «макаруны», и «макаронс». В единственном же числе самым правильным должно быть «макарон». Но так как у этого слова в русском языке есть почти полный аналог, обозначающий совсем иной продукт, то чаще употребляют «макарун».

Чтобы полакомиться миндальным печеньем в нашей стране, нужно преодолеть небольшой словесный барьер. Но такие мелочи никого не останавливают, и популярность этого вида выпечки растет с каждым днем.

30.05.2016
 / Автор статьи:

Поговорим сегодня о пирожном (печенье) — Макарон (Macarons).

Для начала сразу скажу что его часто называют по разному и сегодня мы разберемся как правильно, и в чем отличие названий.

Макарон (Macarons) — это всеми любимое кондитерское изделие представляющее собой две соединенные половинки белкового безе на основе миндальной муки соединенного между собой кремом. Макарон имеет многовековую историю, в различных источниках описаны множество версий появления этого лакомства, поэтому не буду «искать истину» а напишу самую распостраненную версию.

Macarons были произведены в венецианских монастырях с 8 века н.э. Во время Ренессанса, итальянскими кондитерами Екатерины Медичи, которых она привезла с собой в 1533 году после заключения брака с Генрихом II.

Приготовление Макарон достаточно трудоемкий процесс, требующий внемательности и точности, необходимо вооружиться двумя инструментами это — термометр и весы! Без этих помощников вам будет трудно получить достойный результат. Так же хочу дать совет по поводу миндальной муки… Лучше ее покупать готовую! Она мелкого помола и подсушенная, я испытала вариант самодельной и скажу сразу что игра не стоит свеч. 

Рецепт Макарон: взвешивать точно!!! 

Ингредиенты

Тесто:

• 143 г сахарной пудры
• 143 г миндальной муки
• 143 г сахара
• 49 г яичных белков 
• 47 г воды
• 47 г яичных белков
• 1/3 ч л лимонного сока (или лимонной кислоты)

В отдельную чашу просеять вместе сахарную пудру и миндальную муку, добавить одну часть (49 г) белков, краситель и тщательно перемешать лопаточкой до однородного состояния. Отставить в сторону.
В небольшую кастрюльку или ковшик вылить воду, добавить сахар и поставить на средний огонь.

Помешивая, чтобы сахар растворился, довести до кипения и нагревать до 118 С. Когда температура сиропа достигнет 100 С, начать взбивать вторую часть белков (47 г) с лимонным соком.

Взбить до мягких пик и затем, не прекращая взбивать, тоненькой струйкой влить сбоку сахарный сироп. Продолжать взбивать еще 3-4 минуты, пока меренга не остынет, став слегка теплой. Постепенно, в 3-4 этапа добавить меренгу к первой заготовке. Перемешивать следует аккуратно, движениями лопаточкой снизу вверх. Мешать медленно, но не слишком долго, буквально до полного соединения ингредиентов, тесто должно «лентой» стекать с лопаточки. Переложить его в кондитерский мешок с круглой насадкой и отсадить на лист пергамента или силиконовый коврик аккуратные кружки.

Духовку разогреть до 160 С. Поставить в духовку на 12-14 минут.

Начинка:

• 95 г белого шоколада
• 43 г сливок для взбивания (35-38% жирности)
• 1 стручок ванили

Шоколад поломать на мелкие кусочки, сложить в чашу и отставить в сторону.Ваниль разрезать вдоль напополам, очистить от семян. В небольшую кастрюльку вылить сливки, добавить к ним семена ванили и стручок, поставить на медленный огонь и довести до кипения. Затем удалить стручок и вылить сливки в центр шоколада. Дать постоять 30 секунд, затем медленно перемешать до полного соединения. Убрать в холодильник для застывания. Крем должен загустеть, но оставаться мягким и пластичным. Переложить его в кондитерский мешок с круглой насадкой и отсадить на макарон.

Накрыть их половинками и убрать в холодильник на 12-24 часа.Это важная часть в приготовлении макарон. Дело в том, что они достигают пика своего вкуса далеко не сразу, а постояв в холодильнике ночь или даже целые сутки. Таким образом будет получена идеальная консистенция и вкус, когда корочка еще остается слегка хрустящей, а середина уже очень нежная и просто тает во рту. После этого можно подавать. Хранить в холодильнике до недели. Перед подачей дать постоять им 5 минут при комнатной температуре. 

Делайте с удовольствием! 

Макарун (Macaroons) — это печенье с различными орехами в том числе и кокосовой стружкой в разных странах его делают по своиму рецепту дополняя и изменяя основной состав ингридиентов, похоже внешне на наш муравейник (горочка-домик),вовнутрь могут добавить джем, шоколад либо полить сверху. 

Макароны — это обычные макароны для варки! ))

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Macaron

Parisian-style macarons (vanilla flavour)
Alternative names	French macaroon
Type	Confectionery
Place of origin	France
Created by
Main ingredients	Cookie: egg white, icing sugar, granulated sugar, almond powder, food colouring Filling: buttercream or clotted cream, ganache, or jam
Media: Macaron

A macaron ( MAK-ə-RON,^[1][2] French: [makaʁɔ̃] (listen))
or French macaroon ( MAK-ə-ROON)
is a sweet meringue-based confection made with egg white, icing sugar, granulated sugar, almond meal, and food colouring.

The macaron has been introduced in France by the Italian chef of queen Catherine de Medici during the Renaissance. Since the 19th century, a typical Parisian-style macaron is presented with a ganache, buttercream or jam filling sandwiched between two such cookies, akin to a sandwich cookie. The confection is characterized by a smooth squared top, a ruffled circumference—referred to as the «crown» or «foot» (or «pied»)—and a flat base. It is mildly moist and easily melts in the mouth. Macarons can be found in a wide variety of flavours that range from traditional (raspberry, chocolate) to unusual (foie gras, matcha).^[3]

Name[edit]

There is some variation in whether the term macaron or macaroon is used, and the related coconut macaroon is often confused with the macaron. In North America, most bakers have adopted the French spelling of macaron for the meringue-based treat to distinguish the two. Stanford professor of linguistics Daniel Jurafsky describes how the two confections have a shared history with macaroni (Italian maccheroni, from Greek μακαρία). Jurafsky notes that French words ending with «-on» that were borrowed into English in the 16th and 17th centuries are usually spelled with «-oon» (for example: balloon, cartoon, platoon).^[4] In the UK, many bakeries continue to use the term «macaroon».^[5][6]

History[edit]

According to Dan Jurafsky in Slate magazine, Arab troops from Ifrīqiya (now Tunisia) brought new techniques (papermaking) and foods like lemons, rice and pistachios with them during their occupation of Sicily in 827. These included many nut-based sweets such as Fālūdhaj and Lausinaj — baked goods with sweet almond cream inside. These sweet pastries were handed down by the Sassanid Shahs in Persia, where the almond cake was made to celebrate the Zoroastrian New Year (Nouruz). In Sicily (and in Toledo, Spain, another contact point between Muslim and Christian culture) fālūdhaj and lausinaj developed into various desserts, like the almond-paste tarts called marzapane and caliscioni. In 1154 Muhammad al-Idrisi reported the production of noodles, which was also carried out in Sicily for the first time. Under the collective term Maccarruni, the Arabs referred to ground grain products as noodles and pastries. The Italians borrowed maccheroni from Maccarruni, from which today’s macarons are derived.^[7]

The culinary encyclopedia Larousse Gastronomique (1988) traces the origin of the macarons back to a French monastery in Cormery in the 8th century (791). At the same time, the encyclopedia entry spreads the pious legend that the shape of the pastry with a cracked crust was abandoned from the navel of a monk.^[8]

A Swiss online encyclopedia on the history of baking says that the almond biscuits were brought from Andalusia (present-day Spain) to Marrakesh (present-day Morocco) in the early 11th century by the sultan and first king of the Almoravid dynasty Yusuf ibn Tashfin, and that it was served mainly during Ramadan.^[9]

During the Renaissance, French queen Catherine de’ Medici’s Italian pastry chefs made them when she brought them with her to France in 1533 upon marrying Henry II of France.^[10][11] In the 1790s, macarons began to gain fame when two Carmelite nuns, seeking asylum in Nancy during the French Revolution, baked and sold the macaron cookies in order to pay for their housing. These nuns became known as the «Macaron Sisters». In these early stages, macarons were served without special flavours or fillings.^[12][10]

It was not until the 1930s that macarons began to be served two-by-two with the addition of jams, liqueurs, and spices. The macaron as it is known today, composed of two almond meringue discs filled with a layer of buttercream, jam, or ganache filling, was originally called the «Gerbet» or the «Paris macaron.» Pierre Desfontaines, of the French pâtisserie Ladurée, has sometimes been credited with its creation in the early part of the 20th century, but another baker, Claude Gerbet, also claims to have invented it.^[4][13] French macaron bakeries became trendy in North America in the 2010s.^[14]

Earliest recipe[edit]

Many Italian cookbooks of the 16th-century mention almond biscuits closely resembling macarons, albeit under different names. The earliest known recipe dates back to the early 17th century and appears to be inspired by a French version of the recipe.

To make French Macaroones
Wash a pound of the newest and the best Jordane Almonds in three or foure waters, to take away the rednesse from their out-side, lay them in a Bason of warme water all night, the next day blanch them, and dry them with a faire cloath, beat them in a stone morter, until they be reasonably fine, put to them halfe a pound of fine beaten Sugar, and so beat it to a perfect Paste, then put in halfe a dozen spoonefuls of good Damaske Rose-water, three graines of Ambergreece, when you have beaten all this together, dry it on a chafingdish of coales until it grow white and stiffe, then take it off the fire, and put the whites of two new laid Egs first beaten into froath, and so stirre it well together, then lay them on wafers in fashion of little long rowles, and so bake them in an Oven as hot as for Manchet, but you must first let the heat of the Oven passe over before you put them in, when they rise white and light, take them out of the Oven, and put them in a warm platter, and set them againe into the warme Oven & so let them remain foure or five houres, and then they wil be thoroughly dry, but if you like them better being moist, then dry them not after the first baking.

— John Murrell, A Daily Exercise for Ladies and Gentlewomen (1617).^[15]

Method[edit]

There are two main methods for making a macaron – the «French» method and the «Italian» method. The difference between the two is the way the meringue is made.

In the French method, egg whites are whisked until stiff-peaked meringue forms. From there, sifted, ground almonds and powdered sugar are folded in slowly until the desired consistency is reached. This process of knocking out air and folding is called macaronage.^[16]

The Italian method involves whisking the egg whites with a hot sugar syrup to form a meringue. Sifted almonds and icing sugar are also mixed with raw egg whites to form a paste. The meringue and almond paste are mixed together to form the macaron mixture. This method is often deemed more structurally sound yet also sweeter and also requires a candy thermometer for the sugar syrup.

The vegan variation involves the use of aquafaba in place of egg white, and the butter is substituted as well. All other ingredients are essentially the same.

Either Italian or French meringue can be combined with ground almonds.^[17]

A macaron is made by combining icing sugar and ground almonds into a fine mixture.^[18] In a separate bowl, egg whites are beaten to a meringue-like consistency.^[19] The two elements are then folded together until they are the consistency of «shaving foam», and then are piped, left to form a skin, and baked.^[20] Sometimes, a filling is added.

Variations[edit]

France[edit]

Several French cities and regions claim long histories and variations, notably Lorraine (Nancy and Boulay), Basque Country (Saint-Jean-de-Luz), Saint-Émilion, Amiens, Montmorillon, Le Dorat, Sault, Chartres, Cormery, Joyeuse and Sainte-Croix in Burgundy.

Macarons d’Amiens, made in Amiens, are small, round-shaped biscuit-type macarons made from almond paste, fruit and honey, which were first recorded in 1855.^[21]

The city of Montmorillon is well known for its macarons and has a museum dedicated to them. The Maison Rannou-Métivier is the oldest macaron bakery in Montmorillon, dating back to 1920. The traditional recipe for Montmorillon macarons has remained unchanged for over 150 years.^[22]

The town of Nancy in the Lorraine region has a storied history with the macaron. It is said that the abbess of Remiremont founded an order of nuns called the «Dames du Saint-Sacrement» with strict dietary rules prohibiting the consumption of meat. Two nuns, Sisters Marguerite, and Marie-Elisabeth are credited with creating the Nancy macaron to fit their dietary requirements. They became known as the ‘Macaron Sisters’ (Les Soeurs Macarons). In 1952, the city of Nancy honoured them by giving their name to the Rue de la Hache, where the macaron was invented.^[23][10]

India[edit]

Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu has its own variety of macaroon made with cashews instead of almonds, adapted from macarons introduced in colonial times.^[24]

Japan[edit]

Macarons in Japan are a popular confection known as マカロン (makaron).^[25] There is also another widely available version of makaron which substitutes peanut flour for almond and a wagashi-style flavouring. The makaron is featured in Japanese fashion through cell phone accessories, stickers, and cosmetics aimed towards women.^[26]

Switzerland[edit]

In Switzerland, Luxemburgerli (also Luxembourger) are a brand name of macaron^[27][28] made by Confiserie Sprüngli in Zürich. A Luxemburgerli comprises two disks of almond meringue^[29] with a buttercream filling^[30] in of many available flavors.^[31] Luxemburgerli are smaller and lighter than macarons from many other vendors.

United States[edit]

Pastry chefs in the US have edited the classic cookie to include more traditional American flavours. Flavours of macarons available in the US have been known to include mint chocolate chip, peanut butter and jelly, Snickers, peach champagne, pistachio, strawberry cheesecake, candy corn, salted pretzel, chocolate peanut butter, oatmeal raisin, candy cane, cinnamon, maple bacon, pumpkin, and salted caramel popcorn.^[32]

South Korea[edit]

In addition to macarons, fat-carons (뚱까롱, thick macarons), also called ttungcarons, were invented and became popular in South Korea. The bakers intentionally overfill the macaron filings and later decorate them as well. The appearance can resemble more to that of a small ice cream sandwich.^[33]

Popularity[edit]

In Paris, the Ladurée chain of pastry shops has been known for its macarons for about 150 years.^[34][35]

In Portugal, Spain, Australia, France, Belgium, Switzerland, New Zealand and the Netherlands, McDonald’s sells macarons in their McCafés (sometimes using advertising that likens the shape of a macaron to that of a hamburger).^[34] McCafé macarons are produced by Château Blanc, which, like Ladurée, is a subsidiary of Groupe Holder, though they do not use the same macaron recipe.^[34]

Outside of Europe, the French-style macaron can be found in Canada^[36] and the United States.^[37][38][39]

In Australia, Adriano Zumbo and his TV series MasterChef have contributed to the macaron becoming a popular sweet treat, and it is now sold by McDonald’s in its Australian McCafe outlets.^[40]

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

• Alfajor, a similar Spanish confection
• Petit four

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

• Meyers, Cindy (Spring 2009). «The Macaron and Madame Blanchez». Gastronomica. The Journal of Food and Culture. University of California Press. 9 (2): 14–18. doi:10.1525/gfc.2009.9.2.14. JSTOR 10.1525/gfc.2009.9.2.14.
• Jurafsky, Dan (16 November 2011b). «Macarons, Macaroons, Macaroni — The curious history». Slate. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. (About the history of the macaron.)
• Jurafsky, Dan (16 April 2011a). «Macaroons, Macarons, and Macaroni». The Language of Food.

Further reading[edit]

• B. Clermont (1776), «Des Macarons; commonly called Macaroni-drops», The professed cook, or, The modern art of cookery, pastry, and confectionary, made plain and easy, London: W. Davis, OCLC 6194222, OL 7237714M
• Louise-Béate-Augustine Friedel (1811), Le confiseur impérial, ou, L’art du confiseur dévoilé aux gourmands, A Paris: Chez Henri Tardieu, OCLC 61172534, OL 25072827M
• Frances Crawford (1853). «Macarons». French confectionary adapted for English families. London: Richard Bentley.
• Emile Herisse (1893), «Macaroons», The art of pastry making, London: Ward, Lock, Bowden, OL 13878920M

External links[edit]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Macaron

Parisian-style macarons (vanilla flavour)
Alternative names	French macaroon
Type	Confectionery
Place of origin	France
Created by
Main ingredients	Cookie: egg white, icing sugar, granulated sugar, almond powder, food colouring Filling: buttercream or clotted cream, ganache, or jam
Media: Macaron

A macaron ( MAK-ə-RON,^[1][2] French: [makaʁɔ̃] (listen))
or French macaroon ( MAK-ə-ROON)
is a sweet meringue-based confection made with egg white, icing sugar, granulated sugar, almond meal, and food colouring.

The macaron has been introduced in France by the Italian chef of queen Catherine de Medici during the Renaissance. Since the 19th century, a typical Parisian-style macaron is presented with a ganache, buttercream or jam filling sandwiched between two such cookies, akin to a sandwich cookie. The confection is characterized by a smooth squared top, a ruffled circumference—referred to as the «crown» or «foot» (or «pied»)—and a flat base. It is mildly moist and easily melts in the mouth. Macarons can be found in a wide variety of flavours that range from traditional (raspberry, chocolate) to unusual (foie gras, matcha).^[3]

Name[edit]

There is some variation in whether the term macaron or macaroon is used, and the related coconut macaroon is often confused with the macaron. In North America, most bakers have adopted the French spelling of macaron for the meringue-based treat to distinguish the two. Stanford professor of linguistics Daniel Jurafsky describes how the two confections have a shared history with macaroni (Italian maccheroni, from Greek μακαρία). Jurafsky notes that French words ending with «-on» that were borrowed into English in the 16th and 17th centuries are usually spelled with «-oon» (for example: balloon, cartoon, platoon).^[4] In the UK, many bakeries continue to use the term «macaroon».^[5][6]

History[edit]

According to Dan Jurafsky in Slate magazine, Arab troops from Ifrīqiya (now Tunisia) brought new techniques (papermaking) and foods like lemons, rice and pistachios with them during their occupation of Sicily in 827. These included many nut-based sweets such as Fālūdhaj and Lausinaj — baked goods with sweet almond cream inside. These sweet pastries were handed down by the Sassanid Shahs in Persia, where the almond cake was made to celebrate the Zoroastrian New Year (Nouruz). In Sicily (and in Toledo, Spain, another contact point between Muslim and Christian culture) fālūdhaj and lausinaj developed into various desserts, like the almond-paste tarts called marzapane and caliscioni. In 1154 Muhammad al-Idrisi reported the production of noodles, which was also carried out in Sicily for the first time. Under the collective term Maccarruni, the Arabs referred to ground grain products as noodles and pastries. The Italians borrowed maccheroni from Maccarruni, from which today’s macarons are derived.^[7]

The culinary encyclopedia Larousse Gastronomique (1988) traces the origin of the macarons back to a French monastery in Cormery in the 8th century (791). At the same time, the encyclopedia entry spreads the pious legend that the shape of the pastry with a cracked crust was abandoned from the navel of a monk.^[8]

A Swiss online encyclopedia on the history of baking says that the almond biscuits were brought from Andalusia (present-day Spain) to Marrakesh (present-day Morocco) in the early 11th century by the sultan and first king of the Almoravid dynasty Yusuf ibn Tashfin, and that it was served mainly during Ramadan.^[9]

During the Renaissance, French queen Catherine de’ Medici’s Italian pastry chefs made them when she brought them with her to France in 1533 upon marrying Henry II of France.^[10][11] In the 1790s, macarons began to gain fame when two Carmelite nuns, seeking asylum in Nancy during the French Revolution, baked and sold the macaron cookies in order to pay for their housing. These nuns became known as the «Macaron Sisters». In these early stages, macarons were served without special flavours or fillings.^[12][10]

It was not until the 1930s that macarons began to be served two-by-two with the addition of jams, liqueurs, and spices. The macaron as it is known today, composed of two almond meringue discs filled with a layer of buttercream, jam, or ganache filling, was originally called the «Gerbet» or the «Paris macaron.» Pierre Desfontaines, of the French pâtisserie Ladurée, has sometimes been credited with its creation in the early part of the 20th century, but another baker, Claude Gerbet, also claims to have invented it.^[4][13] French macaron bakeries became trendy in North America in the 2010s.^[14]

Earliest recipe[edit]

Many Italian cookbooks of the 16th-century mention almond biscuits closely resembling macarons, albeit under different names. The earliest known recipe dates back to the early 17th century and appears to be inspired by a French version of the recipe.

To make French Macaroones
Wash a pound of the newest and the best Jordane Almonds in three or foure waters, to take away the rednesse from their out-side, lay them in a Bason of warme water all night, the next day blanch them, and dry them with a faire cloath, beat them in a stone morter, until they be reasonably fine, put to them halfe a pound of fine beaten Sugar, and so beat it to a perfect Paste, then put in halfe a dozen spoonefuls of good Damaske Rose-water, three graines of Ambergreece, when you have beaten all this together, dry it on a chafingdish of coales until it grow white and stiffe, then take it off the fire, and put the whites of two new laid Egs first beaten into froath, and so stirre it well together, then lay them on wafers in fashion of little long rowles, and so bake them in an Oven as hot as for Manchet, but you must first let the heat of the Oven passe over before you put them in, when they rise white and light, take them out of the Oven, and put them in a warm platter, and set them againe into the warme Oven & so let them remain foure or five houres, and then they wil be thoroughly dry, but if you like them better being moist, then dry them not after the first baking.

— John Murrell, A Daily Exercise for Ladies and Gentlewomen (1617).^[15]

Method[edit]

There are two main methods for making a macaron – the «French» method and the «Italian» method. The difference between the two is the way the meringue is made.

In the French method, egg whites are whisked until stiff-peaked meringue forms. From there, sifted, ground almonds and powdered sugar are folded in slowly until the desired consistency is reached. This process of knocking out air and folding is called macaronage.^[16]

The Italian method involves whisking the egg whites with a hot sugar syrup to form a meringue. Sifted almonds and icing sugar are also mixed with raw egg whites to form a paste. The meringue and almond paste are mixed together to form the macaron mixture. This method is often deemed more structurally sound yet also sweeter and also requires a candy thermometer for the sugar syrup.

The vegan variation involves the use of aquafaba in place of egg white, and the butter is substituted as well. All other ingredients are essentially the same.

Either Italian or French meringue can be combined with ground almonds.^[17]

A macaron is made by combining icing sugar and ground almonds into a fine mixture.^[18] In a separate bowl, egg whites are beaten to a meringue-like consistency.^[19] The two elements are then folded together until they are the consistency of «shaving foam», and then are piped, left to form a skin, and baked.^[20] Sometimes, a filling is added.

Variations[edit]

France[edit]

Several French cities and regions claim long histories and variations, notably Lorraine (Nancy and Boulay), Basque Country (Saint-Jean-de-Luz), Saint-Émilion, Amiens, Montmorillon, Le Dorat, Sault, Chartres, Cormery, Joyeuse and Sainte-Croix in Burgundy.

Macarons d’Amiens, made in Amiens, are small, round-shaped biscuit-type macarons made from almond paste, fruit and honey, which were first recorded in 1855.^[21]

The city of Montmorillon is well known for its macarons and has a museum dedicated to them. The Maison Rannou-Métivier is the oldest macaron bakery in Montmorillon, dating back to 1920. The traditional recipe for Montmorillon macarons has remained unchanged for over 150 years.^[22]

The town of Nancy in the Lorraine region has a storied history with the macaron. It is said that the abbess of Remiremont founded an order of nuns called the «Dames du Saint-Sacrement» with strict dietary rules prohibiting the consumption of meat. Two nuns, Sisters Marguerite, and Marie-Elisabeth are credited with creating the Nancy macaron to fit their dietary requirements. They became known as the ‘Macaron Sisters’ (Les Soeurs Macarons). In 1952, the city of Nancy honoured them by giving their name to the Rue de la Hache, where the macaron was invented.^[23][10]

India[edit]

Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu has its own variety of macaroon made with cashews instead of almonds, adapted from macarons introduced in colonial times.^[24]

Japan[edit]

Macarons in Japan are a popular confection known as マカロン (makaron).^[25] There is also another widely available version of makaron which substitutes peanut flour for almond and a wagashi-style flavouring. The makaron is featured in Japanese fashion through cell phone accessories, stickers, and cosmetics aimed towards women.^[26]

Switzerland[edit]

In Switzerland, Luxemburgerli (also Luxembourger) are a brand name of macaron^[27][28] made by Confiserie Sprüngli in Zürich. A Luxemburgerli comprises two disks of almond meringue^[29] with a buttercream filling^[30] in of many available flavors.^[31] Luxemburgerli are smaller and lighter than macarons from many other vendors.

United States[edit]

Pastry chefs in the US have edited the classic cookie to include more traditional American flavours. Flavours of macarons available in the US have been known to include mint chocolate chip, peanut butter and jelly, Snickers, peach champagne, pistachio, strawberry cheesecake, candy corn, salted pretzel, chocolate peanut butter, oatmeal raisin, candy cane, cinnamon, maple bacon, pumpkin, and salted caramel popcorn.^[32]

South Korea[edit]

In addition to macarons, fat-carons (뚱까롱, thick macarons), also called ttungcarons, were invented and became popular in South Korea. The bakers intentionally overfill the macaron filings and later decorate them as well. The appearance can resemble more to that of a small ice cream sandwich.^[33]

Popularity[edit]

In Paris, the Ladurée chain of pastry shops has been known for its macarons for about 150 years.^[34][35]

In Portugal, Spain, Australia, France, Belgium, Switzerland, New Zealand and the Netherlands, McDonald’s sells macarons in their McCafés (sometimes using advertising that likens the shape of a macaron to that of a hamburger).^[34] McCafé macarons are produced by Château Blanc, which, like Ladurée, is a subsidiary of Groupe Holder, though they do not use the same macaron recipe.^[34]

Outside of Europe, the French-style macaron can be found in Canada^[36] and the United States.^[37][38][39]

In Australia, Adriano Zumbo and his TV series MasterChef have contributed to the macaron becoming a popular sweet treat, and it is now sold by McDonald’s in its Australian McCafe outlets.^[40]

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

• Alfajor, a similar Spanish confection
• Petit four

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

• Meyers, Cindy (Spring 2009). «The Macaron and Madame Blanchez». Gastronomica. The Journal of Food and Culture. University of California Press. 9 (2): 14–18. doi:10.1525/gfc.2009.9.2.14. JSTOR 10.1525/gfc.2009.9.2.14.
• Jurafsky, Dan (16 November 2011b). «Macarons, Macaroons, Macaroni — The curious history». Slate. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. (About the history of the macaron.)
• Jurafsky, Dan (16 April 2011a). «Macaroons, Macarons, and Macaroni». The Language of Food.

Further reading[edit]

• B. Clermont (1776), «Des Macarons; commonly called Macaroni-drops», The professed cook, or, The modern art of cookery, pastry, and confectionary, made plain and easy, London: W. Davis, OCLC 6194222, OL 7237714M
• Louise-Béate-Augustine Friedel (1811), Le confiseur impérial, ou, L’art du confiseur dévoilé aux gourmands, A Paris: Chez Henri Tardieu, OCLC 61172534, OL 25072827M
• Frances Crawford (1853). «Macarons». French confectionary adapted for English families. London: Richard Bentley.
• Emile Herisse (1893), «Macaroons», The art of pastry making, London: Ward, Lock, Bowden, OL 13878920M

External links[edit]