Швейцарский франк как пишется

Швейцарский франк  (рус.)

Schweizer Franken  (нем.)
Franco svizzero  (итал.)
Franc svizzer  (рет.)

Swiss Franc  (англ.)
Franc suisse  (фр.)

Банкнота 50 франков
Банкнота 50 франков
Коды и символы
Коды ISO 4217 CHF (756)
Аббревиатуры ₣ • Fr • sFr
Территория обращения
Эмитент Flag of Switzerland.svg Швейцария
Официально Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Лихтенштейн
Производные и параллельные единицы
Дробные Сантим  (фр.)
Рапен (нем.) (рет.)
Чентезимо (итал.) (1100)
Монеты и банкноты в обращении
Монеты 5, 10, 20 сантимов, 1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков
Банкноты 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 и 1000 франков
Производство монет и банкнот
Эмиссионный центр Национальный банк Швейцарии
www.snb.ch
Монетный двор Монетный двор Швейцарии
www.swissmint.ch
Курсы на 29 ноября 2012 года
1 RUB = 0,02986 CHF
1 USD = 0,9272 CHF
1 EUR = 1,205 CHF
1 GBP = 1,485 CHF
1 JPY = 0,01128 CHF
Курсы обновляются автоматически на основе данных МВФ, ЕЦБ, ЦБ РФ и являются примерными соотношениями валют. Официальные курсы см. на сайте центрального банка, рыночные — в разделе «Режим валютного курса».
Commons logo optimized.svg Швейцарский франк на Викискладе

Швейцарский франк (код валюты по ISO 4217 CHF, или 756) является валютой и законным платёжным средством Швейцарии и Лихтенштейна. Банкноты франков выпускает центральный банк Швейцарии (Швейцарский национальный банк), в то время как монеты выпускаются федеральным монетным двором (Швейцарский монетный двор).

На сегодня в Европе только швейцарская валюта называется франк. На четырёх официальных языках Швейцарии название валюты пишется следующим образом: Franken (на немецком языке), franc (на французском и рето-романском языках), franco (на итальянском языке). Одна сотая франка называется Rappen (мн.ч. — Rappen) (Rp.) по-немецки, centime (c.) по-французски, centesimo (ct.) по-итальянски и rap (rp.) по-рето-романски. На жаргоне трейдеров швейцарский франк именуется «свисси» (англ. swissy) [1].

Содержание

  • 1 Банкноты и монеты
    • 1.1 Банкноты
    • 1.2 Монеты
  • 2 История
  • 3 Режим валютного курса
  • 4 Швейцарский франк как резервная валюта
  • 5 Библиография
  • 6 См. также
  • 7 Примечания
  • 8 Ссылки

Банкноты и монеты

Банкноты

Выпускаются банкноты номиналом 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 и 1000 франков. На банкнотах изображены портреты:

  • 10 франков — Ле Корбюзье (Жаннере, Шарль Эдуард)
  • 20 франков — Артюр Онеггер
  • 50 франков — Софи Таубер-Арп
  • 100 франков — Альберто Джакометти
  • 200 франков — Шарль Фердинанд Рамю
  • 1000 франков — Якоб Буркхардт
Аверс Реверс Номинал Размеры Преобладающий цвет Лицевая сторона
CHF10 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF10 8 back horizontal.jpg 10 франков 126 × 74 мм жёлтый Ле Корбюзье
CHF20 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF20 8 back horizontal.jpg 20 франков 137 × 74 мм красный Артюр Онеггер
CHF50 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF50 8 back horizontal.jpg 50 франков 148 × 74 мм зелёный Софи Таубер-Арп
CHF100 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF100 8 back horizontal.jpg 100 франков 159 × 74 мм голубой Альберто Джакометти
CHF200 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF200 8 back horizontal.jpg 200 франков 170 × 74 мм коричневый Шарль Фердинанд Рамю
CHF1000 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF1000 8 back horizontal.jpg 1000 франков 181 × 74 мм фиолетовый Якоб Буркхардт

Монеты

Регулярно выпускаются монеты номиналом в 5, 10 и 20 рапенов (сантимов), 1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков. Чеканка монет в 1 рапен прекращена в 2006 году, монет в 2 раппена — в 1974 году.

Изменения монетных металлов: 1939 год — 20 рапенов из медно-никелевого сплава (1850—1859 — биллон, 1881—1938 — никель); 1968 год — 1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков из медно-никелевого сплава (ранее — серебро); 1981 — 5 рапенов из медно-алюминиево-никелевого сплава (ранее — медно-никелевый сплав).

Изображение Номинал Диаметр Вес Гурт Материал
Fünfrappen.jpg 5 рапенов 17.15 мм 1.8 г гладкий медь-алюминий-никель
920/60/20
Zehnrappen.jpg 10 рапенов 19.15 мм 3 г гладкий медь-никель
750/250
Zwanzigrappen.jpg 20 рапенов 21.05 мм 4 г гладкий медь-никель
750/250
Fünfzigrappen.jpg 1/2 франка 18.20 мм 2.2 г рубчатый медь-никель
750/250
Einfranken.jpg 1 франк 23.20 мм 4.4 г рубчатый медь-никель
750/250
Zweifranken.jpg 2 франка 27.40 мм 8.8 г рубчатый медь-никель
750/250
Fünffranken.jpg 5 франков 31.45 мм 13.2 г выпуклая надпись
«DOMINUS PROVIDEBIT» и 13 звёзд
медь-никель
750/250

Нерегулярно выпускаются юбилейные и тематические памятные монеты, как правило, номиналом 10, 20 и 50 франков, например:

Изображение Номинал Диаметр Вес Гурт Материал Год выпуска Описание
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2005-CHF-10-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2005-CHF-10-reverse.png 10 франков 32.85 мм 15 г рубчатый биметаллическая,
центр —
медь-никель 750/250

кольцо — медь-алюминий-никель
920/60/20
2005 Гора Юнгфрау
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2009-CHF-10-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2009-CHF-10-reverse.png 10 франков 32.85 мм 15 г рубчатый биметаллическая,
центр —
медь-никель 750/250

кольцо — медь-алюминий-никель
920/60/20
2009 Швейцарский национальный парк
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2007b-CHF-20-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2007b-CHF-20-reverse.png 20 франков 33 мм 20 г надпись серебро-медь 835/165 2007 Крепость Мунот
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2004b-CHF-50-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2004b-CHF-50-reverse.png 50 франков 25 мм 11.2 г надпись золото-медь 900/100 2004 Гора Маттерхорн

История

Швейцарский франк появился в 1850 году и был по нарицательной стоимости равен французскому франку. Он заменил разнообразные валюты швейцарских кантонов, некоторые из которых к тому времени использовали франк (делившийся на 10 бацен или 100 сантимов), который по стоимости был равен 1,5 французских франка.

До 1850 года изготовлением монет в Швейцарии занималось более 75 различных учреждений, включая 25 кантонов и полу-кантонов, 16 городов, аббатств. В обращении находилось около 860 видов различных монет, различной ценности и номинала. Более того, в 1850 году национальные валюты составляли лишь 15 % от общего числа денег в обращении, а оставшуюся часть составляли иностранные валюты, в основном привезённые купцами. В добавление к этому, некоторые частные банки стали выпускать первые банкноты, так что в общем итоге число монет и банкнот, находившихся в обращении составило 8 000. Это делало валютную систему чрезвычайно сложной.

Чтобы решить эту проблему, в новой Швейцарской федеральной конституции 1848 года было оговорено, что новое Федеральное Правительство будет единственным учреждением в Швейцарии, выпускающим деньги. Спустя два года вышел федеральный закон о монетной системе, принятый федеральным собранием 7 мая 1850 года, который постановил, что франк является денежной единицей Швейцарии.

Первая серия швейцарских франков 1907-го года выпуска. Начало XIX века — период становления банковской системы Швейцарии. Первый выпуск швейцарских франков — это изготовление временных денег. Зачастую использовались старые купюры кантонов, на которые просто добавляли надписи и надпечатывали красную розетку со швейцарским крестом.

Вторая серия швейцарских франков 1911-го года выпуска. Банкноты были выпущены в период первой мировой войны между 1911—1914 годами. Выведены из обращения в 1956—1957 годах. То есть провела более сорока лет в обращении. Банкнота в 5 франков была в обращении до 1980-го года. Почти 70 лет.

Четвёртая серия швейцарских франков 1938-го года выпуска. Во время Второй мировой войны Швейцарский национальный банк выпустил купюры данной серии. Однако банкноты так и не были введены в обращение и стали резервной серией. Художники: Виктор Сёрбек и Ханс Эрни.

Пятая серия швейцарских франков 1954—1961 годов выпуска. Банкноты данной серии впервые в истории швейцарской бонистики сформировали тематическое и формальное единство — портрет на лицевой стороне и мотивы оформления обратной стороны были связаны между собой исторически и тематически.

Шестая серия швейцарских франков 1976—1979 годов выпуска. В конце шестидесятых годов прошлого века Швейцарский национальный банк полностью пересмотрел свою политику в области проектирования и производства банкнот. Впервые ШНБ взял под своё руководство планирование и производство банкнот. Дизайн этой серии франков в корне отличается от дизайна предыдущих серий — на аверсах купюр введены портреты исторических деятелей Швейцарии. Дизайн банкнот данной серии разработан дизайнерами Эрнстом и Урсулой Хиестанд. Отпечатаны в Цюрихе («Orell Füssli»).

Седьмая (резервная) серия швейцарских франков 1983—1985 годов выпуска. Дизайн банкнот серии разработан дизайнерами Роджером и Элизабет Пфунд. Однако, впоследствии Швейцарский национальный банк уже после утверждения и подписания контракта принял решение о использовании при печати банкнот данной серии графических эскизов компании «Эрнст и Урсула Хиестанд». Роджер и Элизабет Пфунд оспорили решение в суде и выиграли. Банкноты этой серии так и не были выпущены в обращение, серия стала резервной. Отпечатаны в Цюрихе («Orell Füssli»).

Восьмая серия швейцарских франков 1994—1998 годов выпуска. При выборе исторических личностей, чьи портреты будут размещены на банкнотах данной серии Швейцарский национальный банк руководствовался рассмотрением междисциплинарных форм искусства — архитектура, музыка, литература, поэзия и принимая во внимание языковое и культурное разнообразие в Швейцарии. Художник-график, разрабатывавший дизайн купюр восьмой серии: Йорг Зинтцмейер. Банкноты данной серии отпечатаны в Цюрихе на фабрике «Orell Füssli».

В 1865 году Франция, Бельгия, Италия и Швейцария объединились в Латинский валютный союз и договорились обменивать свои национальные валюты в соотношении 4,5 грамма серебра за 0,290322 грамма золота. Даже после того, как валютный союз потерял свою силу в 1920-е годы и прекратил своё существование в 1927 году, Швейцария придерживалась этого соотношения вплоть до 1967 года.

Швейцарский франк традиционно относится к валютам налоговых гаваней или оффшорных зон, с нулевым уровнем инфляции и законодательно закрепленными золотовалютными резервами на уровне минимум 40 %. Однако, эта привязка к золоту, введенная в 1920-е годы, была упразднена 1 мая 2000 года в связи с поправками в Конституцию Швейцарии. Девальвация швейцарского франка была зафиксирована только 27 сентября 1936 года и была вызвана Великой депрессией, когда франк обесценился на 30 % вслед за девальвацией фунта стерлинга, доллара США и французского франка.

Режим валютного курса

В Швейцарии используется режим свободно плавающего валютного курса. С середины 2003 года курс швейцарского франка по отношению к евро стабилизировался на уровне 1,55 CHF за евро, так что швейцарский франк, также как и евро, вырос, а затем упал по отношению к доллару США.

В сентябре 2011 года Национальный банк Швейцарии сообщил, что не допустит укрепления франка более чем до 1,2 франка за евро.

Текущие курсы обмена валюты
Google Finance:

RUB USD EUR GBP JPY

Yahoo! Finance: RUB USD EUR GBP JPY
XE.com: RUB USD EUR GBP JPY
OANDA.com: RUB USD EUR GBP JPY

Швейцарский франк как резервная валюта

Швейцарский франк используется в качестве резервной валюты, из-за его стабильности, хотя доля всех валютных резервов в швейцарских франках, как правило, ниже 0,3 %.

Международные накопления в иностранных валютных резервах

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
USD 59,0 % 62,1 % 65,2 % 69,3 % 70,9 % 70,5 % 70,7 % 66,5 % 65,8 % 65,9 % 66,4 % 65,7 % 64,1 % 64,1 % 62,1 % 61,8 % 62,1 %
EUR 17,9 % 18,8 % 19,8 % 24,2 % 25,3 % 24,9 % 24,3 % 25,2 % 26,3 % 26,4 % 27,6 % 26,0 % 25,0 %
DEM 15,8 % 14,7 % 14,5 % 13,8 %
GBP 2,1 % 2,7 % 2,6 % 2,7 % 2,9 % 2,8 % 2,7 % 2,9 % 2,6 % 3,3 % 3,6 % 4,2 % 4,7 % 4,0 % 4,3 % 3,9 % 3,9 %
YEN 6,8 % 6,7 % 5,8 % 6,2 % 6,4 % 6,3 % 5,2 % 4,5 % 4,1 % 3,9 % 3,7 % 3,2 % 2,9 % 3,1 % 2,9 % 3,7 % 3,7 %
FRF 2,4 % 1,8 % 1,4 % 1,6 %
CHF 0,3 % 0,2 % 0,4 % 0,3 % 0,2 % 0,3 % 0,3 % 0,4 % 0,2 % 0,2 % 0,1 % 0,2 % 0,2 % 0,1 % 0,1 % 0,1 % 0,1 %
Прочие 13,6 % 11,7 % 10,2 % 6,1 % 1,6 % 1,4 % 1,2 % 1,4 % 1,9 % 1,8 % 1,9 % 1,5 % 1,8 % 2,2 % 3,1 % 4,4 % 5,1 %
Источники: 1995—2009 МВФ (Международный валютный фонд): Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves
Источники: 1999—2005, ЕЦБ (Европейский центральный банк): The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves
Источники: 

Библиография

  • Корнелиус Лука Торговля на мировых валютных рынках = Trading in the Global Currency Markets. — М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2005. — 716 с. — ISBN 5-9614-0206-1
  • Bernard Lescaze, Une monnaie pour la Suisse. Hurter, 1999. ISBN 2-940031-83-5
  • Michel de Rivaz, The Swiss banknote: 1907—1997. Genoud, 1997. ISBN 2-88100-080-0
  • H.U. Wartenwiler, Swiss Coin Catalog 1798—2005, 2006. ISBN 3-905712-00-8
  • Otto Paul Wenger, Введение в нумизматику, журнал банка Кредит Свисс, август 1978  (фр.).
  • Swissmint, 150 лет швейцарских монет: короткий исторический экскурс.  (англ.) (информация от 2 марта 2006)
  • Swissmint, Чеканка швейцарских монет с 1850 года, 2000.  (фр.)  (нем.)

См. также

  • Центральные банки и валюты Европы
  • Обзор основных средств защиты от фальшивомонетчиков  (англ.)
  • Золотой франк

Примечания

  1. Корнелиус Лука , 2005, с. 80

Ссылки

  • Swissmint — Швейцарский монетный двор  (нем.)  (фр.)  (англ.)
  • Национальный банк Швейцарии  (англ.)  (нем.)  (фр.)  (итал.)
  • Каталог и галерея монет Швейцарии
  • Франк швейцарский и его курс к основным валютам — статистика, графики, тенденции
 Просмотр этого шаблона Валюты Европы
Еврозона Евро
Северная Европа Датская крона (Фарерская крона) • Исландская крона • Норвежская крона • Шведская крона
Прибалтика Латвийский лат • Литовский лит
Великобритания Фунт стерлингов (Бристольский • Гернсийский • Гибралтарский • Джерсийский • Острова Мэн • Шотландский)
Центральная Европа Венгерский форинт • Польский злотый • Чешская крона • Швейцарский франк (Лихтенштейнский франк)
Восточная Европа Белорусский рубль • Казахстанский тенге • Молдавский лей • Приднестровский рубль • Российский рубль • Украинская гривна
Балканский полуостров Албанский лек • Болгарский лев • Боснийская марка · Македонский денар • Румынский лей • Сербский динар • Хорватская куна
Средиземноморье Гибралтарский фунт • Турецкая лира
Закавказье Армянский драм (Карабахский драм) • Азербайджанский манат • Грузинский лари • Российский рубль (Абхазский апсар)
 Просмотр этого шаблона Валюты со словом «франк» в названии
В обращении

Бурундийский • Гвинейский • Джибути • Комор • Конголезский • КФА BCEAO • КФА BEAC • Лихтенштейнский • Руандийский • Швейцарский КФП (Новокаледонский • Французской Полинезии)

Средневековые монеты

Пеший • Конный

Исторические валюты

Ааргау • Албанский • Алжирский • Аппенцелля • Базельский • Бельгийский • Бернский • Влёры • Во • Вестфальский • Военный («франк со знаменем») • Гларуса • Граубюндена • Доминиканский • Женевский • Заморских департаментов Франции (Гваделупский • Гвианский • Мартиники[en] • Сен-Пьера и Микелона[en] • Реюньона) Золотурна • Камбоджийский • Катанги • Корчи • Луккский • Люксембургский • Люцерна • Малагасийский • Малийский • Марокканский • Монегасский • Новогебридский • Руанды и Бурунди • Саарский • Санкт-Галлена • Тичино • Того • Тунисский • Тургау • Унтервальдена • Ури • Французский • Французского Камеруна • Французской Западной Африки • Французской Экваториальной Африки • Фрибурский • Цюриха • Шаффхаузена • Швица

Частные

UIC • WIR • Уральский

См. также

Зона франка • Золотой франк • Латинский валютный союз • Символ франка • Сантим • Десим

 Просмотр этого шаблона Коллективные и союзные валюты
Существующие
(в обращении)

Австралийский доллар • Восточно-карибский доллар • Датская крона • Доллар США • Евро • Индийская рупия • Нидерландский антильский гульден • Новозеландский доллар • Сингапурский доллар • Франк КФА BCEAO • Франк КФА BEAC • Франк КФП • Фунт стерлингов • Швейцарский франк Южноафриканский ранд

Существующие
(расчётные)

АМУ • Европейская составная единица EURCO[en] Европейская валютная единица EMU-6[en] Европейская расчётная единица EUA-9[en] Европейская расчётная единица EUA-17[en] Расчётная единица ADB • СДР • Сукре

Существующие
(аналитические)

Вокю (Wocu) • Международный доллар

Исторические

Австро-венгерская крона • Восточноафриканский шиллинг • Золотой франк • Переводной рубль • Рубль СССР / Российский рубль • Талер Марии Терезии • Французский франк • ЭКЮ

Обсуждаемые

Амеро • Афро • Валюта Евразийского союза («евразийский рубль») • Карибский гульден[en] Восточноафриканский шиллинг (новый) • Халиджи («динар Залива») • Эко

Валютные союзы

Вендский монетный союз • Еврозона (евро) Единая валютная зона (рэнд) Зона франка (французский франк) Западноафриканский экономический и валютный союз (франк КФА BCEAO) Золотой блок (золотой стандарт) Латинский валютный союз (биметаллический стандарт) Организация Восточно-карибских государств (восточно-карибский доллар) Рублёвая зона (рубль СССР / российский рубль) Скандинавский валютный союз (золотой стандарт) Совет экономической взаимопомощи (переводной рубль) Стерлинговая зона (фунт стерлингов) Экономическое сообщество стран Центральной Африки (франк КФА BEAC)

См. также

Банкор • Долларизация • Международная расчётная единица

Swiss franc

  • Schweizer Franken (German)
  • franc suisse (French)
  • franco svizzero (Italian)
  • franc svizzer (Romansh)
CHF Banknotes.jpg CHF coins.jpg
8th Series Banknotes Coins
ISO 4217
Code CHF (numeric: 756)
Subunit 0.01
Unit
Plural
  • Franken (German)
  • francs (French)
  • franchi (Italian)
  • francs (Romansh)
Symbol None. Abbreviations used:

  • German: Fr., Rp.[1][2]
  • French: fr., c.[1][3]
  • Italian: fr., ct.[1][4]
  • Romansh: fr., rp.[1]
  • International (any other language): CHF[1][5]
Nickname
  • Swiss German: Einräppler[note 1] for a 1 centime coin; Füüferli[note 1] for a 5 centimes coin; Füfzgerli[note 1] for a 50 centimes coin; Stutz[note 1] for a 1 franc coin (en Stutz), or change in general (Stutz); Füüfliiber[note 1] for a 5 francs coin
  • Swiss Standard German: Einfränkler for a 1 franc coin; Zweifränkler for a 2 francs coin; Hunderter for a 100 francs note; Ameise for a 1000 francs note
  • fr: balle(s) for ≥ 1 franc; thune for a 5 franc coin
  • Swiss Italian:
Denominations
Subunit
1100
  • Rappen (German)
  • centime (French)
  • centesimo (Italian)
  • rap (Romansh)
Banknotes
 Freq. used 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 1000 Francs
 Rarely used 500 francs
Coins
 Freq. used 5, 10, 20 Centimes, 12, 1, 2, 5 Francs
Demographics
Official user(s)
  •  Switzerland
  •  Liechtenstein
  •  Italy Campione d’Italia, Italy[note 2]
Unofficial user(s) Germany Büsingen am Hochrhein, Germany[note 3]
Issuance
Central bank Swiss National Bank
 Website www.snb.ch
Printer Orell Füssli Sicherheitsdruck AG (Zürich)
 Website www.orellfuessli.com
Mint Swissmint
 Website www.swissmint.ch
Valuation
Inflation 2.8% in 2022
 Source Statistik Schweiz

The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d’Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory.[6] The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the federal mint Swissmint issues coins.

In the various languages of Switzerland, it is often simply referred as German: Franken, French: franc, Italian: franco and Romansh: franc. It is also designated through currency signs Fr[note 4] (in German language), fr. (in French, Italian, Romansh languages), as well as in any other language, or internationally as CHF which stands for Confoederatio Helvetica Franc.[1][7][8] This acronym also serves as the ISO 4217 currency code, used by banks and financial institutions.

The smaller denomination, a hundredth of a franc, is a Rappen (Rp.) in German, centime (c.) in French, centesimo (ct.) in Italian, and rap (rp.) in Romansh.

The official symbols Fr. (German symbol) and fr. (Latin languages) are widely used by businesses and advertisers, also for the English language. According to Art. 1 SR/RS 941.101 of the federal law collection the internationally official abbreviation – besides the national languages – however is CHF,[1] also in English; respective guides also request to use the ISO 4217 code.[5][2][3][4] The use of SFr. for Swiss Franc and fr.sv. are outdated.[2][3][4] As previously indicated Latinate «CH» stands for Confoederatio Helvetica : given the different languages used in Switzerland, Latin is used for language-neutral inscriptions on its coins.

History[edit]

Before the Helvetic Republic[edit]

French ecu stamped «40 BZ» (batzen) in Bern became 4 franken under the Helvetic Republic

Before 1798, about 75 entities were making coins in Switzerland, including the 25 cantons and half-cantons, 16 cities, and abbeys, resulting in about 860 different coins in circulation, with different values, denominations and monetary systems.[9] However, the origins of a majority of these currencies can be traced to either the French livre tournois (the predecessor of the French franc) or the South German gulden of the 17th century. The new Swiss currencies emerged in the 18th century after Swiss cantons did not follow the pace of depreciations which occurred in France and Germany. However, they mostly existed only in small change as they were little more than community currency, current in one canton but not in the other, and foreign coins like French francs and kronenthalers were more recognized as currency all over Switzerland.[10]

A high-level summary of existing currencies at the end of the 18th century is shown below, including their equivalents in terms of the French écu of 26.67 g fine silver, the South German kronenthaler of 25.71 g fine silver, and Swiss francs of 4.5 g fine silver.[11]

Table of important Swiss cantonal currencies

Unit Origin Units
per écu
Units per
kronenthaler
CHF per
unit
Bern livre livre 4.00 3.90 1.465 F
Geneva livre livre 3.643 3.536 1.616 F
South German gulden gulden 2.80 2.70 2.116 F
Zurich gulden gulden 2.50 2.45 2.332 F
Central Swiss gulden gulden 3.00 2.925 1.954 F

The livre of Bern and most western Swiss cantons like Basel, Aargau, Fribourg, Vaud, Valais, Lausanne, Neuchâtel and Solothurn originated from the French livre tournois.

  • The livre was divided into 20 sols, 10 batzen or 40 kreuzer.
  • After 1690, 30 Bern batzen equated to either
    • a German Reichsthaler (25.984 g fine silver) worth 2 gulden or 120 kreuzer, or
    • a French Louis d’Argent, equivalent to the Spanish dollar (24.93 g fine silver), worth 3 livres tournois or 60 sols.
  • After 1726, the French écu (laubthaler) of 26+23 g fine silver was valued at 4 livres or 40 batzen (vs 6 livres tournois in France).[12]
  • After 1815, the German kronenthaler (Brabant thaler) of 25+57 g fine silver was valued at 3.9 livres or 39 batzen (in Neuchâtel, 4.1 livres).
  • This livre or frank of 14 écu was the model for the frank of the Helvetic Republic of 1798–1847.
  • Currencies identical to this standard include the Berne thaler, Basel thaler, Fribourg gulden, Neuchâtel gulden, Solothurn thaler and Valais thaler.

Geneva had its own currency, the florin petite monnaie, with 3+12 florins equal to the livre courant. After 1641, the Spanish dollar was worth 10+12 florins or 3 livres. Afterwards, the écu was valued at 12+34 florins or 3+914 livres, while the kronenthaler was valued at 12+38 florins or 3+1528 livres. See also Geneva thaler and Geneva genevoise.

Many currencies of central and eastern Switzerland originated from the South German gulden. It was divided into 40 schilling or 60 kreuzer, and the thaler was worth 2 gulden. After 1690, this gulden was worth 12 a Reichsthaler specie, or 12.992 g fine silver. After 1730, the different guilders of Southern Germany and Switzerland fragmented under varying rates of depreciation. The South German gulden, worth 124 a Cologne mark (233.856 g) of fine silver, also applied to the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen, Alpenzell, Schaffhausen and Thurgau. The French écu was valued at 2.8 gulden, while the kronenthaler was valued at 2.7 gulden. See St. Gallen thaler.

The cantons of Zurich, Schwyz and Glarus, however, maintained a stronger gulden worth 122 a Cologne mark of fine silver. The French écu was valued at 2+12 gulden, while the kronenthaler was valued at 2+1840 gulden; see Zürich thaler and Schwyz gulden. On the other hand, the central Swiss cantons of Luzern, Uri, Zug and Unterwalden maintained a weaker gulden vs the South German gulden. The French écu was valued at 3 gulden, while the kronenthaler was valued at 2+3740 gulden (see Luzern gulden).

  • Bernese Rollbatzen, 15th century

    Bernese Rollbatzen, 15th century

  • Basel taler (1690)

    Basel taler (1690)

  • Zürich taler (1768)

    Zürich taler (1768)

Helvetic Republic to Regeneration 1798–1847[edit]

In 1798, the Helvetic Republic introduced the franc or frank, modelled on the Bern livre worth 14 the écu, subdivided into 10 batzen or 100 rappen (centimes). It contained 6+23 grams of fine silver and was initially worth 1+12 livres tournois or 1.48 French francs.[13]

  • 32 Franken gold coin of the Helvetic Republic (1800)

    32 Franken gold coin of the Helvetic Republic (1800)

  • 40 Batzen coin of Vaud (1812)

    40 Batzen coin of Vaud (1812)

  • Bernese Konkordatsbatzen (1826)

    Bernese Konkordatsbatzen (1826)

  • 1 franc coin of Vaud (1845)

    1 franc coin of Vaud (1845)

This franc was issued until the end of the Helvetic Republic in 1803, but served as the model for the currencies of several cantons in the Mediation period (1803–1814). These 19 cantonal currencies were the Appenzell frank, Argovia frank, Basel frank, Berne frank, Fribourg frank, Geneva franc, Glarus frank, Graubünden frank, Luzern frank, St. Gallen frank, Schaffhausen frank, Schwyz frank, Solothurn frank, Thurgau frank, Ticino franco, Unterwalden frank, Uri frank, Vaud franc, and Zürich frank.


After 1815, the restored Swiss Confederacy attempted to simplify the system of currencies once again. As of 1820, a total of 8,000 distinct coins were current in Switzerland: those issued by cantons, cities, abbeys, and principalities or lordships, mixed with surviving coins of the Helvetic Republic and the pre-1798 Helvetic Republic. In 1825, the cantons of Bern, Basel, Fribourg, Solothurn, Aargau, and Vaud formed a monetary concordate, issuing standardised coins, the so-called Konkordanzbatzen, still carrying the coat of arms of the issuing canton, but interchangeable and identical in value. The reverse side of the coin displayed a Swiss cross with the letter C in the center.

Franc of the Swiss Confederation, 1850–present[edit]

The Konkordanzbatzen among the Swiss cantons agreeing on an exclusive issue of currency in francs and batzen failed to replace the over 8,000 different coins and notes in circulation. Despite introduction of the first Swiss franc, the South German kronenthaler became the more desirable coin to use in the 19th century, and it was still quoted in pre-1798 currency equivalents. Furthermore, less than 15% of Swiss money in circulation was in local currency, since French and German gold and silver trade coins proved to be more desirable means of exchange.[10] A final problem was that the first Swiss franc was based on the French écu which was being phased out by France in the 19th century.

To solve this problem, the new Swiss Federal Constitution of 1848 specified that the federal government would be the only entity allowed to issue money in Switzerland. This was followed two years later by the first Federal Coinage Act, passed by the Federal Assembly on 7 May 1850, which introduced the franc as the monetary unit of Switzerland.

The Swiss franc was introduced at par with the French franc, at 4.5 g fine silver or 931 g = 0.29032 g fine gold (ratio 15.5). The currencies of the Swiss cantons were converted to Swiss francs by first restating their equivalents in German kronenthaler (écu brabant) of 25+57 grams fine silver, and then to Swiss francs at the rate of 7 écu brabant = 40 Swiss francs. The first franc worth 14th the French écu was converted at 1.4597 Swiss francs.[14]

Exchange rates with the euro and U.S. dollar, 2003–2006

In 1865, France, Belgium, Italy, and Switzerland formed the Latin Monetary Union, in which they agreed to value their national currencies to a standard of 4.5 grams of fine silver or 0.290322 grams fine gold, equivalent to US$1 = CHF 5.1826 until 1934. Even after the monetary union faded away in the 1920s and officially ended in 1927, the Swiss franc remained on that standard until 27 September 1936, when it suffered its sole devaluation during the Great Depression. Following the devaluations of the British pound, U.S. dollar and French franc, the Swiss franc was devalued 30% to 0.20322 grams fine gold, equivalent to US$1 = CHF 4.37295.[15] In 1945, Switzerland joined the Bretton Woods system with its exchange rate to the dollar fixed until 1970.[16]

The Swiss franc has historically been considered a safe-haven currency, with a legal requirement that a minimum of 40% be backed by gold reserves.[17] However, this link to gold, which dated from the 1920s, was terminated on 1 May 2000 following a referendum, making the franc fiat money.[18][19] By March 2005, following a gold-selling program, the Swiss National Bank held 1,290 tonnes of gold in reserves, which equated to 20% of its assets.[20]

In November 2014, the referendum on the «Swiss Gold Initiative», which proposed a restoration of 20% gold backing for the Swiss franc, was voted down.[21]

2011–2014: Big movements and capping[edit]

Euro – Swiss franc exchange rate from 1999

The onset of the Greek sovereign debt crisis resulted in a strong appreciation in the value of the Swiss franc, past US$1.10 (CHF 0.91 per USD) in March 2011, to US$1.20 (CHF 0.833 per USD) in June 2011, and to US$1.30 (CHF 0.769 per USD) in August 2011.[22] This prompted the Swiss National Bank to boost the franc’s liquidity to try to counter its «massive overvaluation».[23] The Economist argued that its Big Mac Index in July 2011 indicated an overvaluation of 98% over the dollar, and cited Swiss companies releasing profit warnings and threatening to move operations out of the country due to the strength of the franc.[24] Demand for francs and franc-denominated assets was so strong that nominal short-term Swiss interest rates became negative.[25]

On 6 September 2011, the day after the franc traded at 1.11 CHF/€ and appeared headed to parity with the euro, the SNB set a minimum exchange rate of 1.20 CHF to the euro (‘capping’ the franc’s appreciation), saying «the value of the franc is a threat to the economy»,[26] and that it was «prepared to buy foreign currency in unlimited quantities».[27] In response to this announcement the franc fell against the euro from 1.11 to 1.20 CHF, against the U.S. dollar from 0.787 to 0.856 CHF, and against all 16 of the most active currencies on the same day.[28] It was the largest plunge of the franc ever against the euro.[29]

The intervention stunned currency traders, since the franc had long been regarded as a safe haven.[30][31] The SNB had previously set an exchange rate target in 1978 against the Deutsche mark and maintained it,[clarification needed] although at the cost of high inflation.[32] Until mid-January 2015, the franc continued to trade below the target level set by the SNB,[33] though the ceiling was broken at least once on 5 April 2012, albeit briefly.[34]

End of capping[edit]

On 18 December 2014, the Swiss central bank introduced a negative interest rate on bank deposits to support its CHF ceiling.[35] However, with the euro declining in value over the following weeks, in a move dubbed Francogeddon[36][37][38][39] for its effect on markets, the Swiss National Bank abandoned the ceiling on 15 January 2015, and the franc promptly increased in value compared with the euro by 30%, although this only lasted a few minutes before part of the increase was reversed.[40] The move was not announced in advance and resulted in «turmoil» in stock and currency markets.[41] By the close of trading that day, the franc was up 23% against the euro and 21% against the US dollar.[42] The full daily appreciation of the franc was equivalent to $31,000 per single futures contract: more than the market had moved collectively[clarification needed] in the previous thousand days.[43] The key CHF interest rate was also lowered from −0.25% to −0.75%, meaning depositors would be paying an increased fee to keep their funds in a Swiss bank account. This devaluation of the euro against the franc was expected to hurt Switzerland’s large export industry. The Swatch Group, for example, saw its shares drop 15% (in Swiss franc terms) with the announcements[40] so that the share price may have increased on that day in terms of other major currencies.

The large and unexpected jump caused major losses for some currency traders. Alpari, a Russian-owned spread betting firm established in the UK, temporarily declared insolvency before announcing its desire to be acquired (and later denied rumours of an acquisition) by FXCM.[44][45] FXCM was bailed out by its parent company.[46] Saxo Bank of Denmark reported losses on 19 January 2015.[47] New Zealand foreign exchange broker Global Brokers NZ announced it «could no longer meet New Zealand regulators’ minimum capital requirements» and terminated its business.[48]

Media questioned the ongoing credibility of the Swiss central bank,[49] and indeed central banks in general. Using phrases like «extend-and-pretend» to describe central bank exchange rate control measures, Saxobank chief economist Steen Jakobsen said, «As a group, central banks have lost credibility and when the ECB starts QE this week, the beginning of the end for central banks will be well under way».[50] BT Investment Management’s head of income and fixed interest Vimal Gor said, «Central banks are becoming more and more impotent. It also ultimately proves that central banks cannot drive economic growth like they think they can».[50] UBS interest rate strategist Andrew Lilley commented, «central banks can have inconsistent goals from one day to another».[50]

Coins[edit]

Coins before the Helvetic Republic[edit]

Coins before 1700 were based on either the French livre tournois system (in Louis d’Argent, Louis d’Or and fractions) or the South German gulden system (in Reichsthalers, florins and fractions). After 1700 Swiss cantonal currencies diverged from the value of the French and German units. However, they mostly existed only in small change as they were a mere community currency, current in one canton but not in the other, and foreign coins like French francs and Brabant dollars were more recognized as currency all over Switzerland.[10]

Coins of the Helvetic Republic[edit]

16 franc gold coin of the Helvetic Republic (1800)

Between 1798 and 1803, billon coins were issued in denominations of 1 centime, 12 batzen, and 1 batzen. Silver coins were issued for 10, 20 and 40 batzen (also denominated 4 francs), matching with French coins worth 14, 12 and 1 écu. Gold 16- and 32-franc coins were issued in 1800, also matching with French coins worth 24 and 48 livres tournois.[51]

Coins of the Swiss Confederation[edit]

In 1850, coins were introduced in denominations of 1 centime, 2 centimes, 5 centimes, 10 centimes 20 centimes, 12 franc, 1 franc, 2 francs, and 5 francs. The 1 centime and 2 centime coins were struck in bronze; the 5 centimes, 10 centime and 20 centime in billon (with 5% to 15% silver content); and the 12 franc, 1 franc, 2 franc and 5 franc in .900 fine silver. Between 1860 and 1863, .800 fine silver was used, before the standard used in France of .835 fineness was adopted for all silver coins except the 5 francs (which remained .900 fineness) in 1875. In 1879, billon was replaced by cupronickel in the 5 centime and 10 centime coins and by nickel in the 20 centime piece.[52] Gold coins in denominations of 10, 20, and 100 francs, known as Vreneli, circulated until 1936.[53]

Both world wars only had a small effect on the Swiss coinage, with brass and zinc coins temporarily being issued. In 1931, the mass of the 5 franc coin was reduced from 25 grams to 15, with the silver content reduced to .835 fineness. The next year, nickel replaced cupronickel in the 5 centime and 10 centime coins.[54]

In the late 1960s, the prices of internationally traded commodities rose significantly. A silver coin’s metal value exceeded its monetary value, and many were being sent abroad for melting, which prompted the federal government to make this practice illegal.[55] The statute was of little effect, and the melting of francs only subsided when the collectible value of the remaining francs again exceeded their material value.[citation needed]

The 1 centime coin was still produced until 2006, albeit in ever decreasing quantities, but its importance declined. Those who could justify the use of 1 centime coins for monetary purposes could obtain them at face value; any other user (such as collectors) had to pay an additional four centimes per coin to cover the production costs, which had exceeded the actual face value of the coin for many years. The coin fell into disuse in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but was only officially fully withdrawn from circulation and declared to be no longer legal tender on 1 January 2007. The long-forgotten 2 centime coin, not minted since 1974, was demonetized on 1 January 1978.[54]

5 Swiss francs coin minted in 1889

The designs of the coins have changed very little since 1879. Among the notable changes were new designs for the 5 francs coins in 1888, 1922, 1924 (minor), and 1931 (mostly just a size reduction). A new design for the bronze coins was used from 1948. Coins depicting a ring of stars (such as the 1 franc coin seen beside this paragraph) were altered from 22 stars to 23 stars in 1983; since the stars represent the Swiss cantons, the design was updated when in 1979 Jura seceded from the Canton of Bern and became the 23rd canton of the Swiss Confederation.[54]

1 Swiss franc coin minted in 1995

The 10 centime coins from 1879 onwards (except the years 1918–19 and 1932–1939) have had the same composition, size, and design to present and are still legal tender and found in circulation.[54] For this, the coin entered the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest original currency in circulation.[56]

3D animation of the surface of a

12-franc coin

All Swiss coins are language-neutral with respect to Switzerland’s four national languages, featuring only numerals, the abbreviation «Fr.» for franc, and the Latin phrases Helvetia or Confœderatio Helvetica (depending on the denomination) or the inscription Libertas (Roman goddess of liberty) on the small coins. The name of the artist is present on the coins with the standing Helvetia and the herder.

In addition to these general-circulation coins, numerous series of commemorative coins have been issued, as well as silver and gold coins. These coins are no longer legal tender, but can in theory be exchanged at face value at post offices, and at national and cantonal banks,[57] although their metal or collectors’ value equals or exceeds their face value.

Overview of current Swiss coins[58]

Value Diameter
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Mass
(g)
Composition Remarks
5 centimes 17.15 1.25 1.8 Aluminium bronze Made in cupronickel or pure nickel until 1980
10 centimes 19.15 1.45 3 Cupronickel Made in current minting since 1879
20 centimes 21.05 1.65 4 Cupronickel
12 franc 18.20 1.25 2.2 Cupronickel In silver until 1967
1 franc 23.20 1.55 4.4 Cupronickel In silver until 1967
2 francs 27.40 2.15 8.8 Cupronickel In silver until 1967
5 francs 31.45 2.35 13.2 Cupronickel In silver until 1967 and in 1969; 25 g mass until 1930

Banknotes[edit]

Fine print of a CHF 20 banknote, with distances between earth and various celestial bodies in light-seconds

In 1907, the Swiss National Bank took over the issuance of banknotes from the cantons and various banks. It introduced denominations of 50, 100, 500 and 1000 francs.[59] 20-franc notes were introduced in 1911, followed by 5-franc notes in 1913.[60] In 1914, the Federal Treasury issued paper money in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 francs. These notes were issued in three different versions: French, German and Italian.[61] The State Loan Bank also issued 25-franc notes that year. In 1952, the national bank ceased issuing 5-franc notes but introduced 10-franc notes in 1955. In 1996, 200-franc notes were introduced whilst the 500-franc note was discontinued.

Nine series of banknotes have been printed by the Swiss National Bank, seven(?) of which have been released for use by the general public. The sixth series from 1976, designed by Ernst and Ursula Hiestand [de], depicted persons from the world of science.
This series was recalled on 1 May 2000 and is no longer legal tender, but notes can still be exchanged for valid ones of the same face value at any National Bank branch or authorized agent, or mailed in by post to the National Bank in exchange for a bank account deposit. The exchange program originally was due to end on 30 April 2020, after which sixth-series notes would lose all value.[62] As of 2016, 1.1 billion francs’ worth of sixth-series notes had not yet been exchanged, even though they had not been legal tender for 16 years and only 4 more years remained to exchange them. To avoid having to expire such large amounts of money in 2020, the Federal Council (cabinet) and National Bank proposed in April 2017 to remove the time limit on exchanges for the sixth and future recalled series.[63][64] As of 2020, this proposal was enacted, so old banknote series will not expire.

The seventh series was printed in 1984, but kept as a «reserve series», ready to be used if, for example, wide counterfeiting of the current series suddenly happened. When the Swiss National Bank decided to develop new security features and to abandon the concept of a reserve series, the details of the seventh series were released and the printed notes were destroyed.[65]
The eighth series of banknotes was designed by Jörg Zintzmeyer [de] around the theme of the arts and released starting in 1995. In addition to its new vertical design, this series was different from the previous one on several counts. Probably the most important difference from a practical point of view was that the seldom-used 500-franc note was replaced by a new 200-franc note; this new note has indeed proved more successful than the old 500-franc note.[note 5] The base colours of the new notes were kept similar to the old ones, except that the 20-franc note was changed from blue to red to prevent a frequent confusion with the 100-franc note, and that the 10-franc note was changed from red to yellow. The size of the notes was changed as well, with all notes from the eighth series having the same height (74 mm), while the widths were changed as well, still increasing with the value of the notes. The new series contain many more security features than the previous ones;[66] many of them are now visibly displayed and have been widely advertised, in contrast with the previous series for which most of the features were kept secret.

Eighth series of Swiss banknotes[67]

Image Value Dimensions Main colour Obverse Date of issue Date of withdrawal Remarks
Obverse Reverse
CHF10 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF10 8 back horizontal.jpg 10 francs 126 × 74 mm Yellow Le Corbusier 8 April 1995 30 April 2021
CHF20 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF20 8 back horizontal.jpg 20 francs 137 × 74 mm Red Arthur Honegger 1 October 1994 30 April 2021
CHF50 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF50 8 back horizontal.jpg 50 francs 148 × 74 mm Green Sophie Taeuber-Arp 3 October 1995 30 April 2021
CHF100 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF100 8 back horizontal.jpg 100 francs 159 × 74 mm Blue Alberto Giacometti 1 October 1998 30 April 2021
CHF200 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF200 8 back horizontal.jpg 200 francs 170 × 74 mm Brown Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz 1 October 1997 30 April 2021 Replaced the 500-franc banknote in the previous series
CHF1000 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF1000 8 back horizontal.jpg 1000 francs 181 × 74 mm Purple Jacob Burckhardt 1 April 1998 30 April 2021
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

All banknotes are quadrilingual, displaying all information in the four national languages. With the eighth series, the banknotes depicting a Germanophone person have German and Romansch on the same side as the picture, whereas banknotes depicting a Francophone or an Italophone person have French and Italian on the same side as the picture. The reverse has the other two languages.

When the fifth series lost its validity at the end of April 2000, the banknotes that had not been exchanged represented a total value of 244.3 million Swiss francs; in accordance with Swiss law, this amount was transferred to the Swiss Fund for Emergency Losses in the Case of Non-insurable Natural Disasters.[68]

In February 2005, a competition was announced for the design of the ninth series, then planned to be released around 2010 on the theme «Switzerland open to the world». The results were announced in November 2005. The National Bank selected the designs of Swiss graphic designer Manuela Pfrunder as the basis of the new series. The first denomination to be issued was the 50-franc note on 12 April 2016. It was followed by the 20-franc note (17 May 2017), the 10-franc note (18 October 2017), the 200-franc note (15 August 2018), the 1000-franc note (5 March 2019), and the 100-franc note (12 September 2019).

All banknotes from the eighth series were withdrawn on 30 April 2021, but, like banknotes of the sixth series withdrawn in 2000, remain indefinitely redeemable at the Swiss National Bank.[69]

9th (current) series of Swiss banknotes[70]
Image Value Dimensions Main colour Theme
(a typically Swiss characteristic)
Obverse
(an action)
Reverse
(a Swiss location
and an object)
Date of issue
Obverse Reverse
CHF 10 9 front.jpg CHF 10 9 back.jpg 10 francs 70 × 123 mm Yellow Switzerland’s organisational talent
Key motif: Time
  • A pair of female hands conducting the time with a baton.
  • Globe: around the International Date Line, «End of Day» (Bering Strait, Pacific Ocean), with the time zone borders drawn on top of it.
  • Clock faces form the background on the front of the note.
  • Security strip: The Swiss rail network and its longest tunnels are depicted on the security strip.
  • Two rail tracks connecting in the world’s longest railway tunnel, the Gotthard Base Tunnel, part of the world’s most dense railway network reducing the Time for traversing the Alps in Central Switzerland
  • Watch’s movement : the watch’s movement symbolises the country’s strong organisational talent.
  • Rail network: The lines on the back of the note depict a section of Switzerland’s rail network.
18 October 2017
CHF 20 9 front.jpg CHF 20 9 back.jpg 20 francs 70 × 130 mm Red Switzerland’s creativity
Key motif: Light
  • A boyish right hand holding a prism into a light beam so that the light is dispersed into various colours.
  • Globe: 4 hours earlier (Pacific Ocean, North-America) and the motif of light is echoed in star constellations over the globe.
  • The background of the note is reminiscent of a kaleidoscope in which colourful patterns are produced through reflected light.
  • Security strip: Night-time light emissions are overlaid on a map of Switzerland and the surrounding regions, and the distances between various celestial bodies and the earth are listed in light seconds.
  • Light beaming a movie to a large outdoor screen on the Piazza Grande in Locarno during the Locarno Film Festival.
  • Butterfly: Light reveals the colour of the butterfly’s wings and allows us to behold the rich diversity of nature.
  • Iris: The lines on the back portray an iris, which regulates the amount of light entering the human eye.
17 May 2017
CHF 50 9 front.jpg CHF 50 9 back.jpg 50 francs 70 × 137 mm Green Wealth of experiences Switzerland offers
Key motif: Wind
  • Left hand holding a dandelion with flowing, silky pappi carried forth by the wind.
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier (Africa, Atlantic Ocean, South America, North America) and the arrows on the globe show the direction of the winds that connect Switzerland with other regions and continents.
  • Background pattern: Wind flow arrows
  • Security strip: Mountains evoke Switzerland’s varied landscapes. The security strip shows the Alps and lists the names of the main four-thousand-metre peaks in the Swiss Alps, from A for Aletschhorn to Z for Zumsteinspitze.
  • Wind streaming around the glaciated mountain peaks of the Swiss Alps.
  • Paraglider: The wind, the note’s key motif, holds the paraglider aloft in the mountains.
  • Contour lines: The contour lines evoke Switzerland’s varied landscapes.
12 April 2016
CHF 100 9 front.jpg CHF 100 9 back.jpg 100 francs 70 × 144 mm Blue Switzerland’s humanitarian tradition
Key motif: Water
  • A pair of hands holding and providing water
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier (Europe, Africa) and the isobars and contour lines drawn on a globe joining places of equal average high and low atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time.
  • Security strip: The rivers flowing through Switzerland are shown and listed in the security strip.
  • Water flowing alongside a vertical mountain side in the dry Valais
  • wooden German: Suonen/French: des bisses
12 September 2019[71]
CHF 200 9 front.jpg CHF 200 9 back.jpg 200 francs 70 × 151 mm Brown Switzerland’s scientific expertise
Key motif: Matter
  • Right hand pointing to the three dimensions (right-hand rule)
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier (Africa, Europe, Middle East, Indian Ocean, Asia) with the Earth’s land masses during the Late Cretaceous period superimposed
  • Security strip: An abstract map of the geological ages of Switzerland and a timeline showing some of the stages in the formation of the universe are shown on the security strip.
  • Signals from a particle collision in a detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in Geneva
  • Particle collision map
22 August 2018[71]
CHF 1000 9 front.jpg CHF 1000 9 back.jpg 1000 francs 70 × 158 mm Purple Switzerland’s communicative flair
Key motif: Language
  • Two right hands of different persons shaking hands
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier, «Start of Day» (Eastern Asia, Australia) with IPA letters
  • Security strip: The map on the security strip shows the language regions of Switzerland and its neighbouring countries; in addition, the names of all Swiss cantons are listed.
  • Holding speeches in different languages in the Swiss parliament during the Federal Assembly at Berne
  • Relation graph
13 March 2019[71]
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Circulation[edit]

Most traded currencies by value
Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover[72]

  • v
  • t
  • e
Rank Currency ISO 4217
code
Symbol or
abbreviation
Proportion of
daily volume,
April 2019
Proportion of
daily volume,
April 2022

1

U.S. dollar

USD

US$

88.3% 88.5%

2

Euro

EUR

32.3% 30.5%

3

Japanese yen

JPY

¥ / 円

16.8% 16.7%

4

Sterling

GBP

£

12.8% 12.9%

5

Renminbi

CNY

¥ / 元

4.3% 7.0%

6

Australian dollar

AUD

A$

6.8% 6.4%

7

Canadian dollar

CAD

C$

5.0% 6.2%

8

Swiss franc

CHF

CHF

5.0% 5.2%

9

Hong Kong dollar

HKD

HK$

3.5% 2.6%

10

Singapore dollar

SGD

S$

1.8% 2.4%

11

Swedish krona

SEK

kr

2.0% 2.2%

12

South Korean won

KRW

₩ / 원

2.0% 1.9%

13

Norwegian krone

NOK

kr

1.8% 1.7%

14

New Zealand dollar

NZD

NZ$

2.1% 1.7%

15

Indian rupee

INR

1.7% 1.6%

16

Mexican peso

MXN

$

1.7% 1.5%

17

New Taiwan dollar

TWD

NT$

0.9% 1.1%

18

South African rand

ZAR

R

1.1% 1.0%

19

Brazilian real

BRL

R$

1.1% 0.9%

20

Danish krone

DKK

kr

0.6% 0.7%

21

Polish złoty

PLN

0.6% 0.7%

22

Thai baht

THB

฿

0.5% 0.4%

23

Israeli new shekel

ILS

0.3% 0.4%

24

Indonesian rupiah

IDR

Rp

0.4% 0.4%

25

Czech koruna

CZK

0.4% 0.4%

26

UAE dirham

AED

د.إ

0.2% 0.4%

27

Turkish lira

TRY

1.1% 0.4%

28

Hungarian forint

HUF

Ft

0.4% 0.3%

29

Chilean peso

CLP

CLP$

0.3% 0.3%

30

Saudi riyal

SAR

0.2% 0.2%

31

Philippine peso

PHP

0.3% 0.2%

32

Malaysian ringgit

MYR

RM

0.1% 0.2%

33

Colombian peso

COP

COL$

0.2% 0.2%

34

Russian ruble

RUB

1.1% 0.2%

35

Romanian leu

RON

L

0.1% 0.1%

Other 2.2% 2.5%
Total[note 6] 200.0% 200.0%

The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein and also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d’Italia. Although not formally legal tender in the German exclave of Büsingen am Hochrhein (the sole legal currency is the euro), it is in wide daily use there; with many prices quoted in Swiss francs. The Swiss franc is the only version of the franc still issued in Europe.

As of March 2010, the total value of released Swiss coins and banknotes was 49.664 billion Swiss francs.[73]

Value of Swiss coins and banknotes in circulation as of March 2010 (in millions of CHF)[73]

Coins 10 francs 20 francs 50 francs 100 francs 200 francs 500 francs 1000 francs Total
2,695.4 656.7 1,416.7 1,963.0 8,337.4 6,828.0 129.9 27,637.1 49,664.0

Combinations of up to 100 circulating Swiss coins (not including special or commemorative coins) are legal tender; banknotes are legal tender for any amount.[74]

Current exchange rates[edit]

Current CHF exchange rates
From Google Finance: AUD CAD CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD TRY
From Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD TRY
From XE.com: AUD CAD CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD TRY
From OANDA: AUD CAD CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD TRY

See also[edit]

  • Banking in Switzerland
  • Economy of Switzerland
  • Gold standard
  • Hard currency
  • Iraqi Swiss dinar, a common name for the old Iraqi currency but not related to Swiss currency.
  • Liechtenstein franc
  • List of currencies in Europe

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Can be pronounced (and written) differently among different regions.
  2. ^ The Swiss franc is the official currency and the euro is widely accepted.
  3. ^ The Swiss franc is widely accepted, although the euro is officially used.
  4. ^ Some fonts render the currency sign character «₣» (unicode:U+20A3) as ligatured Fr, following the German language convention for the Swiss Franc. However, most fonts render the character as F with a strikethrough on the lower left, which is the unofficial sign of French Franc.
  5. ^ The global value of those 200-franc notes in circulation in 2000 (5.1200 billion francs) was larger than the value of the 500-franc notes in 1996 (3.9123 billion), even when these figures are corrected for the global increase in total value of Swiss banknotes in circulation (+9%). Figures from the Monthly Statistical Bulletin of the Swiss National Bank, January 2006, Op cit.
  6. ^ The total sum is 200% because each currency trade always involves a currency pair; one currency is sold (e.g. US$) and another bought (€). Therefore each trade is counted twice, once under the sold currency ($) and once under the bought currency (€). The percentages above are the percent of trades involving that currency regardless of whether it is bought or sold, e.g. the US dollar is bought or sold in 88% of all trades, whereas the euro is bought or sold 32% of the time.

References[edit]

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Further reading[edit]

  • Cuhaj, George S., ed. (2010). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money General Issues (1368–1960) (13th ed.). Krause. ISBN 978-1-4402-1293-2.
  • Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
  • Lescaze, Bernard (1999). Une monnaie pour la Suisse. Hurter. ISBN 2-940031-83-5.
  • Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
  • Rivaz, Michel de (1997). The Swiss Banknote: 1907–1997. Genoud. ISBN 2-88100-080-0.
  • Swissmint.ch 150 Years of Swiss coinage: A brief historical discourse. Last accessed 2 March 2006.
  • Swissmint.ch; Prägungen von Schweizer Münzen ab 1850 — Frappes des pièces de monnaie suisses à partir de 1850, 2010.
  • Wartenwiler, H. U. (2006). Swiss Coin Catalog 1798–2005. ISBN 3-905712-00-8
  • Wenger, Otto Paul (1978). Introduction à la numismatique, Cahier du Crédit Suisse, August 1978. (in French)

External links[edit]

  • Media related to Money of Switzerland at Wikimedia Commons
  • (in German) CashFollow.ch, Swiss Franc Tracker
  • (in German) Schweizer-Franken.ch Archived 18 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Information about the Swiss Franc
  • (in English) Switzerland Banknotes, Swiss Franc: Banknote Catalog from 1907
  • Historical exchange rates of USD/CHF (from the year 1800 to present time).
  • Historical chart of USD/CHF (from the year 1800 to present time).
  • (in English and German) The Banknotes of Switzerland
  • Franc – currency at Merriam-Webster
Swiss franc

  • Schweizer Franken (German)
  • franc suisse (French)
  • franco svizzero (Italian)
  • franc svizzer (Romansh)
CHF Banknotes.jpg CHF coins.jpg
8th Series Banknotes Coins
ISO 4217
Code CHF (numeric: 756)
Subunit 0.01
Unit
Plural
  • Franken (German)
  • francs (French)
  • franchi (Italian)
  • francs (Romansh)
Symbol None. Abbreviations used:

  • German: Fr., Rp.[1][2]
  • French: fr., c.[1][3]
  • Italian: fr., ct.[1][4]
  • Romansh: fr., rp.[1]
  • International (any other language): CHF[1][5]
Nickname
  • Swiss German: Einräppler[note 1] for a 1 centime coin; Füüferli[note 1] for a 5 centimes coin; Füfzgerli[note 1] for a 50 centimes coin; Stutz[note 1] for a 1 franc coin (en Stutz), or change in general (Stutz); Füüfliiber[note 1] for a 5 francs coin
  • Swiss Standard German: Einfränkler for a 1 franc coin; Zweifränkler for a 2 francs coin; Hunderter for a 100 francs note; Ameise for a 1000 francs note
  • fr: balle(s) for ≥ 1 franc; thune for a 5 franc coin
  • Swiss Italian:
Denominations
Subunit
1100
  • Rappen (German)
  • centime (French)
  • centesimo (Italian)
  • rap (Romansh)
Banknotes
 Freq. used 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 1000 Francs
 Rarely used 500 francs
Coins
 Freq. used 5, 10, 20 Centimes, 12, 1, 2, 5 Francs
Demographics
Official user(s)
  •  Switzerland
  •  Liechtenstein
  •  Italy Campione d’Italia, Italy[note 2]
Unofficial user(s) Germany Büsingen am Hochrhein, Germany[note 3]
Issuance
Central bank Swiss National Bank
 Website www.snb.ch
Printer Orell Füssli Sicherheitsdruck AG (Zürich)
 Website www.orellfuessli.com
Mint Swissmint
 Website www.swissmint.ch
Valuation
Inflation 2.8% in 2022
 Source Statistik Schweiz

The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d’Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory.[6] The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the federal mint Swissmint issues coins.

In the various languages of Switzerland, it is often simply referred as German: Franken, French: franc, Italian: franco and Romansh: franc. It is also designated through currency signs Fr[note 4] (in German language), fr. (in French, Italian, Romansh languages), as well as in any other language, or internationally as CHF which stands for Confoederatio Helvetica Franc.[1][7][8] This acronym also serves as the ISO 4217 currency code, used by banks and financial institutions.

The smaller denomination, a hundredth of a franc, is a Rappen (Rp.) in German, centime (c.) in French, centesimo (ct.) in Italian, and rap (rp.) in Romansh.

The official symbols Fr. (German symbol) and fr. (Latin languages) are widely used by businesses and advertisers, also for the English language. According to Art. 1 SR/RS 941.101 of the federal law collection the internationally official abbreviation – besides the national languages – however is CHF,[1] also in English; respective guides also request to use the ISO 4217 code.[5][2][3][4] The use of SFr. for Swiss Franc and fr.sv. are outdated.[2][3][4] As previously indicated Latinate «CH» stands for Confoederatio Helvetica : given the different languages used in Switzerland, Latin is used for language-neutral inscriptions on its coins.

History[edit]

Before the Helvetic Republic[edit]

French ecu stamped «40 BZ» (batzen) in Bern became 4 franken under the Helvetic Republic

Before 1798, about 75 entities were making coins in Switzerland, including the 25 cantons and half-cantons, 16 cities, and abbeys, resulting in about 860 different coins in circulation, with different values, denominations and monetary systems.[9] However, the origins of a majority of these currencies can be traced to either the French livre tournois (the predecessor of the French franc) or the South German gulden of the 17th century. The new Swiss currencies emerged in the 18th century after Swiss cantons did not follow the pace of depreciations which occurred in France and Germany. However, they mostly existed only in small change as they were little more than community currency, current in one canton but not in the other, and foreign coins like French francs and kronenthalers were more recognized as currency all over Switzerland.[10]

A high-level summary of existing currencies at the end of the 18th century is shown below, including their equivalents in terms of the French écu of 26.67 g fine silver, the South German kronenthaler of 25.71 g fine silver, and Swiss francs of 4.5 g fine silver.[11]

Table of important Swiss cantonal currencies

Unit Origin Units
per écu
Units per
kronenthaler
CHF per
unit
Bern livre livre 4.00 3.90 1.465 F
Geneva livre livre 3.643 3.536 1.616 F
South German gulden gulden 2.80 2.70 2.116 F
Zurich gulden gulden 2.50 2.45 2.332 F
Central Swiss gulden gulden 3.00 2.925 1.954 F

The livre of Bern and most western Swiss cantons like Basel, Aargau, Fribourg, Vaud, Valais, Lausanne, Neuchâtel and Solothurn originated from the French livre tournois.

  • The livre was divided into 20 sols, 10 batzen or 40 kreuzer.
  • After 1690, 30 Bern batzen equated to either
    • a German Reichsthaler (25.984 g fine silver) worth 2 gulden or 120 kreuzer, or
    • a French Louis d’Argent, equivalent to the Spanish dollar (24.93 g fine silver), worth 3 livres tournois or 60 sols.
  • After 1726, the French écu (laubthaler) of 26+23 g fine silver was valued at 4 livres or 40 batzen (vs 6 livres tournois in France).[12]
  • After 1815, the German kronenthaler (Brabant thaler) of 25+57 g fine silver was valued at 3.9 livres or 39 batzen (in Neuchâtel, 4.1 livres).
  • This livre or frank of 14 écu was the model for the frank of the Helvetic Republic of 1798–1847.
  • Currencies identical to this standard include the Berne thaler, Basel thaler, Fribourg gulden, Neuchâtel gulden, Solothurn thaler and Valais thaler.

Geneva had its own currency, the florin petite monnaie, with 3+12 florins equal to the livre courant. After 1641, the Spanish dollar was worth 10+12 florins or 3 livres. Afterwards, the écu was valued at 12+34 florins or 3+914 livres, while the kronenthaler was valued at 12+38 florins or 3+1528 livres. See also Geneva thaler and Geneva genevoise.

Many currencies of central and eastern Switzerland originated from the South German gulden. It was divided into 40 schilling or 60 kreuzer, and the thaler was worth 2 gulden. After 1690, this gulden was worth 12 a Reichsthaler specie, or 12.992 g fine silver. After 1730, the different guilders of Southern Germany and Switzerland fragmented under varying rates of depreciation. The South German gulden, worth 124 a Cologne mark (233.856 g) of fine silver, also applied to the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen, Alpenzell, Schaffhausen and Thurgau. The French écu was valued at 2.8 gulden, while the kronenthaler was valued at 2.7 gulden. See St. Gallen thaler.

The cantons of Zurich, Schwyz and Glarus, however, maintained a stronger gulden worth 122 a Cologne mark of fine silver. The French écu was valued at 2+12 gulden, while the kronenthaler was valued at 2+1840 gulden; see Zürich thaler and Schwyz gulden. On the other hand, the central Swiss cantons of Luzern, Uri, Zug and Unterwalden maintained a weaker gulden vs the South German gulden. The French écu was valued at 3 gulden, while the kronenthaler was valued at 2+3740 gulden (see Luzern gulden).

  • Bernese Rollbatzen, 15th century

    Bernese Rollbatzen, 15th century

  • Basel taler (1690)

    Basel taler (1690)

  • Zürich taler (1768)

    Zürich taler (1768)

Helvetic Republic to Regeneration 1798–1847[edit]

In 1798, the Helvetic Republic introduced the franc or frank, modelled on the Bern livre worth 14 the écu, subdivided into 10 batzen or 100 rappen (centimes). It contained 6+23 grams of fine silver and was initially worth 1+12 livres tournois or 1.48 French francs.[13]

  • 32 Franken gold coin of the Helvetic Republic (1800)

    32 Franken gold coin of the Helvetic Republic (1800)

  • 40 Batzen coin of Vaud (1812)

    40 Batzen coin of Vaud (1812)

  • Bernese Konkordatsbatzen (1826)

    Bernese Konkordatsbatzen (1826)

  • 1 franc coin of Vaud (1845)

    1 franc coin of Vaud (1845)

This franc was issued until the end of the Helvetic Republic in 1803, but served as the model for the currencies of several cantons in the Mediation period (1803–1814). These 19 cantonal currencies were the Appenzell frank, Argovia frank, Basel frank, Berne frank, Fribourg frank, Geneva franc, Glarus frank, Graubünden frank, Luzern frank, St. Gallen frank, Schaffhausen frank, Schwyz frank, Solothurn frank, Thurgau frank, Ticino franco, Unterwalden frank, Uri frank, Vaud franc, and Zürich frank.


After 1815, the restored Swiss Confederacy attempted to simplify the system of currencies once again. As of 1820, a total of 8,000 distinct coins were current in Switzerland: those issued by cantons, cities, abbeys, and principalities or lordships, mixed with surviving coins of the Helvetic Republic and the pre-1798 Helvetic Republic. In 1825, the cantons of Bern, Basel, Fribourg, Solothurn, Aargau, and Vaud formed a monetary concordate, issuing standardised coins, the so-called Konkordanzbatzen, still carrying the coat of arms of the issuing canton, but interchangeable and identical in value. The reverse side of the coin displayed a Swiss cross with the letter C in the center.

Franc of the Swiss Confederation, 1850–present[edit]

The Konkordanzbatzen among the Swiss cantons agreeing on an exclusive issue of currency in francs and batzen failed to replace the over 8,000 different coins and notes in circulation. Despite introduction of the first Swiss franc, the South German kronenthaler became the more desirable coin to use in the 19th century, and it was still quoted in pre-1798 currency equivalents. Furthermore, less than 15% of Swiss money in circulation was in local currency, since French and German gold and silver trade coins proved to be more desirable means of exchange.[10] A final problem was that the first Swiss franc was based on the French écu which was being phased out by France in the 19th century.

To solve this problem, the new Swiss Federal Constitution of 1848 specified that the federal government would be the only entity allowed to issue money in Switzerland. This was followed two years later by the first Federal Coinage Act, passed by the Federal Assembly on 7 May 1850, which introduced the franc as the monetary unit of Switzerland.

The Swiss franc was introduced at par with the French franc, at 4.5 g fine silver or 931 g = 0.29032 g fine gold (ratio 15.5). The currencies of the Swiss cantons were converted to Swiss francs by first restating their equivalents in German kronenthaler (écu brabant) of 25+57 grams fine silver, and then to Swiss francs at the rate of 7 écu brabant = 40 Swiss francs. The first franc worth 14th the French écu was converted at 1.4597 Swiss francs.[14]

Exchange rates with the euro and U.S. dollar, 2003–2006

In 1865, France, Belgium, Italy, and Switzerland formed the Latin Monetary Union, in which they agreed to value their national currencies to a standard of 4.5 grams of fine silver or 0.290322 grams fine gold, equivalent to US$1 = CHF 5.1826 until 1934. Even after the monetary union faded away in the 1920s and officially ended in 1927, the Swiss franc remained on that standard until 27 September 1936, when it suffered its sole devaluation during the Great Depression. Following the devaluations of the British pound, U.S. dollar and French franc, the Swiss franc was devalued 30% to 0.20322 grams fine gold, equivalent to US$1 = CHF 4.37295.[15] In 1945, Switzerland joined the Bretton Woods system with its exchange rate to the dollar fixed until 1970.[16]

The Swiss franc has historically been considered a safe-haven currency, with a legal requirement that a minimum of 40% be backed by gold reserves.[17] However, this link to gold, which dated from the 1920s, was terminated on 1 May 2000 following a referendum, making the franc fiat money.[18][19] By March 2005, following a gold-selling program, the Swiss National Bank held 1,290 tonnes of gold in reserves, which equated to 20% of its assets.[20]

In November 2014, the referendum on the «Swiss Gold Initiative», which proposed a restoration of 20% gold backing for the Swiss franc, was voted down.[21]

2011–2014: Big movements and capping[edit]

Euro – Swiss franc exchange rate from 1999

The onset of the Greek sovereign debt crisis resulted in a strong appreciation in the value of the Swiss franc, past US$1.10 (CHF 0.91 per USD) in March 2011, to US$1.20 (CHF 0.833 per USD) in June 2011, and to US$1.30 (CHF 0.769 per USD) in August 2011.[22] This prompted the Swiss National Bank to boost the franc’s liquidity to try to counter its «massive overvaluation».[23] The Economist argued that its Big Mac Index in July 2011 indicated an overvaluation of 98% over the dollar, and cited Swiss companies releasing profit warnings and threatening to move operations out of the country due to the strength of the franc.[24] Demand for francs and franc-denominated assets was so strong that nominal short-term Swiss interest rates became negative.[25]

On 6 September 2011, the day after the franc traded at 1.11 CHF/€ and appeared headed to parity with the euro, the SNB set a minimum exchange rate of 1.20 CHF to the euro (‘capping’ the franc’s appreciation), saying «the value of the franc is a threat to the economy»,[26] and that it was «prepared to buy foreign currency in unlimited quantities».[27] In response to this announcement the franc fell against the euro from 1.11 to 1.20 CHF, against the U.S. dollar from 0.787 to 0.856 CHF, and against all 16 of the most active currencies on the same day.[28] It was the largest plunge of the franc ever against the euro.[29]

The intervention stunned currency traders, since the franc had long been regarded as a safe haven.[30][31] The SNB had previously set an exchange rate target in 1978 against the Deutsche mark and maintained it,[clarification needed] although at the cost of high inflation.[32] Until mid-January 2015, the franc continued to trade below the target level set by the SNB,[33] though the ceiling was broken at least once on 5 April 2012, albeit briefly.[34]

End of capping[edit]

On 18 December 2014, the Swiss central bank introduced a negative interest rate on bank deposits to support its CHF ceiling.[35] However, with the euro declining in value over the following weeks, in a move dubbed Francogeddon[36][37][38][39] for its effect on markets, the Swiss National Bank abandoned the ceiling on 15 January 2015, and the franc promptly increased in value compared with the euro by 30%, although this only lasted a few minutes before part of the increase was reversed.[40] The move was not announced in advance and resulted in «turmoil» in stock and currency markets.[41] By the close of trading that day, the franc was up 23% against the euro and 21% against the US dollar.[42] The full daily appreciation of the franc was equivalent to $31,000 per single futures contract: more than the market had moved collectively[clarification needed] in the previous thousand days.[43] The key CHF interest rate was also lowered from −0.25% to −0.75%, meaning depositors would be paying an increased fee to keep their funds in a Swiss bank account. This devaluation of the euro against the franc was expected to hurt Switzerland’s large export industry. The Swatch Group, for example, saw its shares drop 15% (in Swiss franc terms) with the announcements[40] so that the share price may have increased on that day in terms of other major currencies.

The large and unexpected jump caused major losses for some currency traders. Alpari, a Russian-owned spread betting firm established in the UK, temporarily declared insolvency before announcing its desire to be acquired (and later denied rumours of an acquisition) by FXCM.[44][45] FXCM was bailed out by its parent company.[46] Saxo Bank of Denmark reported losses on 19 January 2015.[47] New Zealand foreign exchange broker Global Brokers NZ announced it «could no longer meet New Zealand regulators’ minimum capital requirements» and terminated its business.[48]

Media questioned the ongoing credibility of the Swiss central bank,[49] and indeed central banks in general. Using phrases like «extend-and-pretend» to describe central bank exchange rate control measures, Saxobank chief economist Steen Jakobsen said, «As a group, central banks have lost credibility and when the ECB starts QE this week, the beginning of the end for central banks will be well under way».[50] BT Investment Management’s head of income and fixed interest Vimal Gor said, «Central banks are becoming more and more impotent. It also ultimately proves that central banks cannot drive economic growth like they think they can».[50] UBS interest rate strategist Andrew Lilley commented, «central banks can have inconsistent goals from one day to another».[50]

Coins[edit]

Coins before the Helvetic Republic[edit]

Coins before 1700 were based on either the French livre tournois system (in Louis d’Argent, Louis d’Or and fractions) or the South German gulden system (in Reichsthalers, florins and fractions). After 1700 Swiss cantonal currencies diverged from the value of the French and German units. However, they mostly existed only in small change as they were a mere community currency, current in one canton but not in the other, and foreign coins like French francs and Brabant dollars were more recognized as currency all over Switzerland.[10]

Coins of the Helvetic Republic[edit]

16 franc gold coin of the Helvetic Republic (1800)

Between 1798 and 1803, billon coins were issued in denominations of 1 centime, 12 batzen, and 1 batzen. Silver coins were issued for 10, 20 and 40 batzen (also denominated 4 francs), matching with French coins worth 14, 12 and 1 écu. Gold 16- and 32-franc coins were issued in 1800, also matching with French coins worth 24 and 48 livres tournois.[51]

Coins of the Swiss Confederation[edit]

In 1850, coins were introduced in denominations of 1 centime, 2 centimes, 5 centimes, 10 centimes 20 centimes, 12 franc, 1 franc, 2 francs, and 5 francs. The 1 centime and 2 centime coins were struck in bronze; the 5 centimes, 10 centime and 20 centime in billon (with 5% to 15% silver content); and the 12 franc, 1 franc, 2 franc and 5 franc in .900 fine silver. Between 1860 and 1863, .800 fine silver was used, before the standard used in France of .835 fineness was adopted for all silver coins except the 5 francs (which remained .900 fineness) in 1875. In 1879, billon was replaced by cupronickel in the 5 centime and 10 centime coins and by nickel in the 20 centime piece.[52] Gold coins in denominations of 10, 20, and 100 francs, known as Vreneli, circulated until 1936.[53]

Both world wars only had a small effect on the Swiss coinage, with brass and zinc coins temporarily being issued. In 1931, the mass of the 5 franc coin was reduced from 25 grams to 15, with the silver content reduced to .835 fineness. The next year, nickel replaced cupronickel in the 5 centime and 10 centime coins.[54]

In the late 1960s, the prices of internationally traded commodities rose significantly. A silver coin’s metal value exceeded its monetary value, and many were being sent abroad for melting, which prompted the federal government to make this practice illegal.[55] The statute was of little effect, and the melting of francs only subsided when the collectible value of the remaining francs again exceeded their material value.[citation needed]

The 1 centime coin was still produced until 2006, albeit in ever decreasing quantities, but its importance declined. Those who could justify the use of 1 centime coins for monetary purposes could obtain them at face value; any other user (such as collectors) had to pay an additional four centimes per coin to cover the production costs, which had exceeded the actual face value of the coin for many years. The coin fell into disuse in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but was only officially fully withdrawn from circulation and declared to be no longer legal tender on 1 January 2007. The long-forgotten 2 centime coin, not minted since 1974, was demonetized on 1 January 1978.[54]

5 Swiss francs coin minted in 1889

The designs of the coins have changed very little since 1879. Among the notable changes were new designs for the 5 francs coins in 1888, 1922, 1924 (minor), and 1931 (mostly just a size reduction). A new design for the bronze coins was used from 1948. Coins depicting a ring of stars (such as the 1 franc coin seen beside this paragraph) were altered from 22 stars to 23 stars in 1983; since the stars represent the Swiss cantons, the design was updated when in 1979 Jura seceded from the Canton of Bern and became the 23rd canton of the Swiss Confederation.[54]

1 Swiss franc coin minted in 1995

The 10 centime coins from 1879 onwards (except the years 1918–19 and 1932–1939) have had the same composition, size, and design to present and are still legal tender and found in circulation.[54] For this, the coin entered the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest original currency in circulation.[56]

3D animation of the surface of a

12-franc coin

All Swiss coins are language-neutral with respect to Switzerland’s four national languages, featuring only numerals, the abbreviation «Fr.» for franc, and the Latin phrases Helvetia or Confœderatio Helvetica (depending on the denomination) or the inscription Libertas (Roman goddess of liberty) on the small coins. The name of the artist is present on the coins with the standing Helvetia and the herder.

In addition to these general-circulation coins, numerous series of commemorative coins have been issued, as well as silver and gold coins. These coins are no longer legal tender, but can in theory be exchanged at face value at post offices, and at national and cantonal banks,[57] although their metal or collectors’ value equals or exceeds their face value.

Overview of current Swiss coins[58]

Value Diameter
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Mass
(g)
Composition Remarks
5 centimes 17.15 1.25 1.8 Aluminium bronze Made in cupronickel or pure nickel until 1980
10 centimes 19.15 1.45 3 Cupronickel Made in current minting since 1879
20 centimes 21.05 1.65 4 Cupronickel
12 franc 18.20 1.25 2.2 Cupronickel In silver until 1967
1 franc 23.20 1.55 4.4 Cupronickel In silver until 1967
2 francs 27.40 2.15 8.8 Cupronickel In silver until 1967
5 francs 31.45 2.35 13.2 Cupronickel In silver until 1967 and in 1969; 25 g mass until 1930

Banknotes[edit]

Fine print of a CHF 20 banknote, with distances between earth and various celestial bodies in light-seconds

In 1907, the Swiss National Bank took over the issuance of banknotes from the cantons and various banks. It introduced denominations of 50, 100, 500 and 1000 francs.[59] 20-franc notes were introduced in 1911, followed by 5-franc notes in 1913.[60] In 1914, the Federal Treasury issued paper money in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 francs. These notes were issued in three different versions: French, German and Italian.[61] The State Loan Bank also issued 25-franc notes that year. In 1952, the national bank ceased issuing 5-franc notes but introduced 10-franc notes in 1955. In 1996, 200-franc notes were introduced whilst the 500-franc note was discontinued.

Nine series of banknotes have been printed by the Swiss National Bank, seven(?) of which have been released for use by the general public. The sixth series from 1976, designed by Ernst and Ursula Hiestand [de], depicted persons from the world of science.
This series was recalled on 1 May 2000 and is no longer legal tender, but notes can still be exchanged for valid ones of the same face value at any National Bank branch or authorized agent, or mailed in by post to the National Bank in exchange for a bank account deposit. The exchange program originally was due to end on 30 April 2020, after which sixth-series notes would lose all value.[62] As of 2016, 1.1 billion francs’ worth of sixth-series notes had not yet been exchanged, even though they had not been legal tender for 16 years and only 4 more years remained to exchange them. To avoid having to expire such large amounts of money in 2020, the Federal Council (cabinet) and National Bank proposed in April 2017 to remove the time limit on exchanges for the sixth and future recalled series.[63][64] As of 2020, this proposal was enacted, so old banknote series will not expire.

The seventh series was printed in 1984, but kept as a «reserve series», ready to be used if, for example, wide counterfeiting of the current series suddenly happened. When the Swiss National Bank decided to develop new security features and to abandon the concept of a reserve series, the details of the seventh series were released and the printed notes were destroyed.[65]
The eighth series of banknotes was designed by Jörg Zintzmeyer [de] around the theme of the arts and released starting in 1995. In addition to its new vertical design, this series was different from the previous one on several counts. Probably the most important difference from a practical point of view was that the seldom-used 500-franc note was replaced by a new 200-franc note; this new note has indeed proved more successful than the old 500-franc note.[note 5] The base colours of the new notes were kept similar to the old ones, except that the 20-franc note was changed from blue to red to prevent a frequent confusion with the 100-franc note, and that the 10-franc note was changed from red to yellow. The size of the notes was changed as well, with all notes from the eighth series having the same height (74 mm), while the widths were changed as well, still increasing with the value of the notes. The new series contain many more security features than the previous ones;[66] many of them are now visibly displayed and have been widely advertised, in contrast with the previous series for which most of the features were kept secret.

Eighth series of Swiss banknotes[67]

Image Value Dimensions Main colour Obverse Date of issue Date of withdrawal Remarks
Obverse Reverse
CHF10 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF10 8 back horizontal.jpg 10 francs 126 × 74 mm Yellow Le Corbusier 8 April 1995 30 April 2021
CHF20 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF20 8 back horizontal.jpg 20 francs 137 × 74 mm Red Arthur Honegger 1 October 1994 30 April 2021
CHF50 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF50 8 back horizontal.jpg 50 francs 148 × 74 mm Green Sophie Taeuber-Arp 3 October 1995 30 April 2021
CHF100 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF100 8 back horizontal.jpg 100 francs 159 × 74 mm Blue Alberto Giacometti 1 October 1998 30 April 2021
CHF200 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF200 8 back horizontal.jpg 200 francs 170 × 74 mm Brown Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz 1 October 1997 30 April 2021 Replaced the 500-franc banknote in the previous series
CHF1000 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF1000 8 back horizontal.jpg 1000 francs 181 × 74 mm Purple Jacob Burckhardt 1 April 1998 30 April 2021
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

All banknotes are quadrilingual, displaying all information in the four national languages. With the eighth series, the banknotes depicting a Germanophone person have German and Romansch on the same side as the picture, whereas banknotes depicting a Francophone or an Italophone person have French and Italian on the same side as the picture. The reverse has the other two languages.

When the fifth series lost its validity at the end of April 2000, the banknotes that had not been exchanged represented a total value of 244.3 million Swiss francs; in accordance with Swiss law, this amount was transferred to the Swiss Fund for Emergency Losses in the Case of Non-insurable Natural Disasters.[68]

In February 2005, a competition was announced for the design of the ninth series, then planned to be released around 2010 on the theme «Switzerland open to the world». The results were announced in November 2005. The National Bank selected the designs of Swiss graphic designer Manuela Pfrunder as the basis of the new series. The first denomination to be issued was the 50-franc note on 12 April 2016. It was followed by the 20-franc note (17 May 2017), the 10-franc note (18 October 2017), the 200-franc note (15 August 2018), the 1000-franc note (5 March 2019), and the 100-franc note (12 September 2019).

All banknotes from the eighth series were withdrawn on 30 April 2021, but, like banknotes of the sixth series withdrawn in 2000, remain indefinitely redeemable at the Swiss National Bank.[69]

9th (current) series of Swiss banknotes[70]
Image Value Dimensions Main colour Theme
(a typically Swiss characteristic)
Obverse
(an action)
Reverse
(a Swiss location
and an object)
Date of issue
Obverse Reverse
CHF 10 9 front.jpg CHF 10 9 back.jpg 10 francs 70 × 123 mm Yellow Switzerland’s organisational talent
Key motif: Time
  • A pair of female hands conducting the time with a baton.
  • Globe: around the International Date Line, «End of Day» (Bering Strait, Pacific Ocean), with the time zone borders drawn on top of it.
  • Clock faces form the background on the front of the note.
  • Security strip: The Swiss rail network and its longest tunnels are depicted on the security strip.
  • Two rail tracks connecting in the world’s longest railway tunnel, the Gotthard Base Tunnel, part of the world’s most dense railway network reducing the Time for traversing the Alps in Central Switzerland
  • Watch’s movement : the watch’s movement symbolises the country’s strong organisational talent.
  • Rail network: The lines on the back of the note depict a section of Switzerland’s rail network.
18 October 2017
CHF 20 9 front.jpg CHF 20 9 back.jpg 20 francs 70 × 130 mm Red Switzerland’s creativity
Key motif: Light
  • A boyish right hand holding a prism into a light beam so that the light is dispersed into various colours.
  • Globe: 4 hours earlier (Pacific Ocean, North-America) and the motif of light is echoed in star constellations over the globe.
  • The background of the note is reminiscent of a kaleidoscope in which colourful patterns are produced through reflected light.
  • Security strip: Night-time light emissions are overlaid on a map of Switzerland and the surrounding regions, and the distances between various celestial bodies and the earth are listed in light seconds.
  • Light beaming a movie to a large outdoor screen on the Piazza Grande in Locarno during the Locarno Film Festival.
  • Butterfly: Light reveals the colour of the butterfly’s wings and allows us to behold the rich diversity of nature.
  • Iris: The lines on the back portray an iris, which regulates the amount of light entering the human eye.
17 May 2017
CHF 50 9 front.jpg CHF 50 9 back.jpg 50 francs 70 × 137 mm Green Wealth of experiences Switzerland offers
Key motif: Wind
  • Left hand holding a dandelion with flowing, silky pappi carried forth by the wind.
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier (Africa, Atlantic Ocean, South America, North America) and the arrows on the globe show the direction of the winds that connect Switzerland with other regions and continents.
  • Background pattern: Wind flow arrows
  • Security strip: Mountains evoke Switzerland’s varied landscapes. The security strip shows the Alps and lists the names of the main four-thousand-metre peaks in the Swiss Alps, from A for Aletschhorn to Z for Zumsteinspitze.
  • Wind streaming around the glaciated mountain peaks of the Swiss Alps.
  • Paraglider: The wind, the note’s key motif, holds the paraglider aloft in the mountains.
  • Contour lines: The contour lines evoke Switzerland’s varied landscapes.
12 April 2016
CHF 100 9 front.jpg CHF 100 9 back.jpg 100 francs 70 × 144 mm Blue Switzerland’s humanitarian tradition
Key motif: Water
  • A pair of hands holding and providing water
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier (Europe, Africa) and the isobars and contour lines drawn on a globe joining places of equal average high and low atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time.
  • Security strip: The rivers flowing through Switzerland are shown and listed in the security strip.
  • Water flowing alongside a vertical mountain side in the dry Valais
  • wooden German: Suonen/French: des bisses
12 September 2019[71]
CHF 200 9 front.jpg CHF 200 9 back.jpg 200 francs 70 × 151 mm Brown Switzerland’s scientific expertise
Key motif: Matter
  • Right hand pointing to the three dimensions (right-hand rule)
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier (Africa, Europe, Middle East, Indian Ocean, Asia) with the Earth’s land masses during the Late Cretaceous period superimposed
  • Security strip: An abstract map of the geological ages of Switzerland and a timeline showing some of the stages in the formation of the universe are shown on the security strip.
  • Signals from a particle collision in a detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in Geneva
  • Particle collision map
22 August 2018[71]
CHF 1000 9 front.jpg CHF 1000 9 back.jpg 1000 francs 70 × 158 mm Purple Switzerland’s communicative flair
Key motif: Language
  • Two right hands of different persons shaking hands
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier, «Start of Day» (Eastern Asia, Australia) with IPA letters
  • Security strip: The map on the security strip shows the language regions of Switzerland and its neighbouring countries; in addition, the names of all Swiss cantons are listed.
  • Holding speeches in different languages in the Swiss parliament during the Federal Assembly at Berne
  • Relation graph
13 March 2019[71]
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Circulation[edit]

Most traded currencies by value
Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover[72]

  • v
  • t
  • e
Rank Currency ISO 4217
code
Symbol or
abbreviation
Proportion of
daily volume,
April 2019
Proportion of
daily volume,
April 2022

1

U.S. dollar

USD

US$

88.3% 88.5%

2

Euro

EUR

32.3% 30.5%

3

Japanese yen

JPY

¥ / 円

16.8% 16.7%

4

Sterling

GBP

£

12.8% 12.9%

5

Renminbi

CNY

¥ / 元

4.3% 7.0%

6

Australian dollar

AUD

A$

6.8% 6.4%

7

Canadian dollar

CAD

C$

5.0% 6.2%

8

Swiss franc

CHF

CHF

5.0% 5.2%

9

Hong Kong dollar

HKD

HK$

3.5% 2.6%

10

Singapore dollar

SGD

S$

1.8% 2.4%

11

Swedish krona

SEK

kr

2.0% 2.2%

12

South Korean won

KRW

₩ / 원

2.0% 1.9%

13

Norwegian krone

NOK

kr

1.8% 1.7%

14

New Zealand dollar

NZD

NZ$

2.1% 1.7%

15

Indian rupee

INR

1.7% 1.6%

16

Mexican peso

MXN

$

1.7% 1.5%

17

New Taiwan dollar

TWD

NT$

0.9% 1.1%

18

South African rand

ZAR

R

1.1% 1.0%

19

Brazilian real

BRL

R$

1.1% 0.9%

20

Danish krone

DKK

kr

0.6% 0.7%

21

Polish złoty

PLN

0.6% 0.7%

22

Thai baht

THB

฿

0.5% 0.4%

23

Israeli new shekel

ILS

0.3% 0.4%

24

Indonesian rupiah

IDR

Rp

0.4% 0.4%

25

Czech koruna

CZK

0.4% 0.4%

26

UAE dirham

AED

د.إ

0.2% 0.4%

27

Turkish lira

TRY

1.1% 0.4%

28

Hungarian forint

HUF

Ft

0.4% 0.3%

29

Chilean peso

CLP

CLP$

0.3% 0.3%

30

Saudi riyal

SAR

0.2% 0.2%

31

Philippine peso

PHP

0.3% 0.2%

32

Malaysian ringgit

MYR

RM

0.1% 0.2%

33

Colombian peso

COP

COL$

0.2% 0.2%

34

Russian ruble

RUB

1.1% 0.2%

35

Romanian leu

RON

L

0.1% 0.1%

Other 2.2% 2.5%
Total[note 6] 200.0% 200.0%

The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein and also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d’Italia. Although not formally legal tender in the German exclave of Büsingen am Hochrhein (the sole legal currency is the euro), it is in wide daily use there; with many prices quoted in Swiss francs. The Swiss franc is the only version of the franc still issued in Europe.

As of March 2010, the total value of released Swiss coins and banknotes was 49.664 billion Swiss francs.[73]

Value of Swiss coins and banknotes in circulation as of March 2010 (in millions of CHF)[73]

Coins 10 francs 20 francs 50 francs 100 francs 200 francs 500 francs 1000 francs Total
2,695.4 656.7 1,416.7 1,963.0 8,337.4 6,828.0 129.9 27,637.1 49,664.0

Combinations of up to 100 circulating Swiss coins (not including special or commemorative coins) are legal tender; banknotes are legal tender for any amount.[74]

Current exchange rates[edit]

Current CHF exchange rates
From Google Finance: AUD CAD CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD TRY
From Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD TRY
From XE.com: AUD CAD CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD TRY
From OANDA: AUD CAD CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD TRY

See also[edit]

  • Banking in Switzerland
  • Economy of Switzerland
  • Gold standard
  • Hard currency
  • Iraqi Swiss dinar, a common name for the old Iraqi currency but not related to Swiss currency.
  • Liechtenstein franc
  • List of currencies in Europe

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Can be pronounced (and written) differently among different regions.
  2. ^ The Swiss franc is the official currency and the euro is widely accepted.
  3. ^ The Swiss franc is widely accepted, although the euro is officially used.
  4. ^ Some fonts render the currency sign character «₣» (unicode:U+20A3) as ligatured Fr, following the German language convention for the Swiss Franc. However, most fonts render the character as F with a strikethrough on the lower left, which is the unofficial sign of French Franc.
  5. ^ The global value of those 200-franc notes in circulation in 2000 (5.1200 billion francs) was larger than the value of the 500-franc notes in 1996 (3.9123 billion), even when these figures are corrected for the global increase in total value of Swiss banknotes in circulation (+9%). Figures from the Monthly Statistical Bulletin of the Swiss National Bank, January 2006, Op cit.
  6. ^ The total sum is 200% because each currency trade always involves a currency pair; one currency is sold (e.g. US$) and another bought (€). Therefore each trade is counted twice, once under the sold currency ($) and once under the bought currency (€). The percentages above are the percent of trades involving that currency regardless of whether it is bought or sold, e.g. the US dollar is bought or sold in 88% of all trades, whereas the euro is bought or sold 32% of the time.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g «Art. 1 Amtliche Bezeichnungen und Abkürzungen/Dénominations officielles et abréviations/Denominazioni ufficiali e abbreviazioni SR/RS 941.101 Münzverordnung/Ordonnance sur la monnaie/Ordinanza sulle monete, 12 April 2000 (MünzV/O sur la monnaie/OMon)» (federal act) (in German, French, and Italian). Bern, Switzerland: Federal Council. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  2. ^ a b c «Schreibweisungen» (PDF) (official site) (in German). Bern, Switzerland: Federal Chancellery. 24 August 2015. pp. 86/87. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b c «Instructions de la Chancellerie fédérale sur la présentation des textes officiels en français» (PDF) (official site) (in French). Bern, Switzerland: Federal Chancellery. 27 May 2016. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  4. ^ a b c «Istruzioni della Cancelleria federale per la redazione dei testi ufficiali in italiano» (PDF) (official site) (in Italian). Bern, Switzerland: Federal Chancellery. 27 February 2006. p. 29. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  5. ^ a b «Style Guides for English-language translators» (PDF) (official site). Bern, Switzerland: Federal Chancellery. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  6. ^ «High stakes for enclave as Europe’s biggest casino goes bust». news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  7. ^ DailyFX. «CHF (Swiss Franc) — Latest News, Analysis and Forex Trading Forecast». www.dailyfx.com. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  8. ^ «CHF (Swiss Franc) Definition». Investopedia. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  9. ^ LaLiberté.ch Archived 22 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, (in French) La Liberté, 9 January 2009, La fabuleuse histoire du franc suisse.
  10. ^ a b c John Murray (1838). A hand-book for travellers in Switzerland and the Alps of Savory and Piedmont, including the Protestant Valleys of the Waldenses. London: J. Murray & Son.
  11. ^ Audin, Jean-Marie-Vincent (1843). Manuel du voyageur en Suisse en dans le Tirol | Monnaies.
  12. ^ «Newman Numismatic Portal at Washington University in St. Louis | Comprehensive Research & Reference for U.S. Coinage».
  13. ^ «Loi du 25 juin 1798». Bulletin des loix et décrets du Corps législatif de la République helvétique (in French). Henri Emanuel Vincent. 1798.
  14. ^ Swiss Confederation (1851). Feuille fédérale suisse (in French). Vol. 1. Stämpfli. p. 3. for Brabant ecus of 400 rappen (4 old francs) or 5-franc coins of 350 rappen, one computes at 7 old francs to 10 new francs. Hence CHF 40 = 28 old francs = 7 kronenthalers. Also on p. 3: Old franc = 1.4597 CHF.
  15. ^ https://www.gold.org/sites/default/files/documents/after-the-gold-standard/1936oct28a.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  16. ^ https://fx.sauder.ubc.ca//etc/USDpages.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  17. ^ Gold.org Archived 22 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Declaration of the Swiss Government, through the Federal Finance and Customs Department, and the National Bank of Switzerland regarding the purchase and sale of gold, in Monetary History of Gold: volume 3 – After the Gold Standard
  18. ^ «Swiss Narrowly Vote to Drop Gold Standard». The New York Times. Associated Press. 19 April 1999. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  19. ^ «Federal Law on Currency and Legal Tender to enter into force on 1 May 2000» (Press release). Efd.admin.ch. 12 April 2000. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  20. ^ «Speech by Philipp M. Hildebrand, Member of the Governing Board, Swiss National Bank» (PDF). Iie.com. 5 May 2005.
  21. ^ Bosley, Catherine (30 November 2014). «Swiss gold initiative vote». Bloomberg.
  22. ^ Bennett, Allison; Saraiva, Catarina (25 June 2001). «Swiss Franc Climbs to Record High on Greece Crisis». Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  23. ^ Meier, Simone (10 August 2011). «SNB Steps Up Franc Fight to Counter ‘Massive Overvaluation’«. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  24. ^ «Francly wrong». The Economist. Economist.com. 10 September 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  25. ^ Mijuk, Goran (31 August 2011). «Swiss Short-Term Debt Yields in Negative Territory». The Wall Street Journal. Online.wsj.com. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  26. ^ «Swiss National Bank acts to weaken strong franc». BBC News. BBC.com. 6 September 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  27. ^ Wille, Klaus (6 September 2011). «Swiss Pledge Unlimited Currency Purchases». Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg News. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  28. ^ «USD exchange rates | Bank of England | Database».
  29. ^ Weisenthal, Joe (6 September 2011). «THEY DID IT: Swiss National Bank Makes Epic Intervention Move, Sending The Swiss Franc Plunging». Business Insider. Businessinsider.com. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  30. ^ Wearden, Graeme (6 September 2011). «Currency traders stunned by SNB intervention». The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  31. ^ Bennett, Allison (6 September 2011). «Franc Plunges Most Ever Versus Euro». Bloomberg.com.
  32. ^ Thomasson, Emma (6 September 2011). «Swiss draw line in the sand to cap runaway franc». Reuters.com. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  33. ^ «Markets Reel after Swiss Franc Shock». primepair.com. 16 January 2015. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015.
  34. ^ «Franc Rises vs. Euro, Breaks Ceiling». Topforexnews.com. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  35. ^ «Swiss central bank imposes negative interest rates». Yahoo Finance. 18 December 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  36. ^ «‘Francogeddon’: Swiss central bank stuns market with policy U-turn». Sydney Morning Herald. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  37. ^ «‘Francogeddon’ as Swiss franc ends euro cap». BBC News. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  38. ^ «‘Francogeddon’: New Zealand foreign exchange broker shuts after Swiss national bank scraps currency cap». Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  39. ^ «Swiss queue round the block to change currency as ‘Francogeddon’ continues». London Evening Standard. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  40. ^ a b «Swiss franc soars as Switzerland abandons euro cap». BBC News. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  41. ^ Inman, Phillip (15 January 2015). «Markets in turmoil as Switzerland removes currency cap». The Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2015. Currency and stock markets were thrown into turmoil across Europe
  42. ^ Wong, Andrea; Evans, Rachel (16 January 2015). «Swiss Franc Roils Markets as SNB Abandons Cap». Bloomberg. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  43. ^ «The Swiss (Franc) isn’t all that Neutral». Attain Capital Management. 15 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  44. ^ «Alpari UK denies acquisition by FXCM, talks continuing». LeapRate. 18 January 2015.
  45. ^ «Alpari UK currency broker folds over Swiss franc turmoil». BBC News. 16 January 2015.
  46. ^ Kilgore, Tomi. «Leucadia to provide FXCM with $300 million loan».
  47. ^ «Swiss franc fallout takes more casualties». Financial Times. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  48. ^ «New Zealand forex broker shuts after Swiss franc move». Agence France-Presse.
  49. ^ Richard Barley (16 January 2015). «Swiss Tarnish Central Banks». Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  50. ^ a b c Bianca Hartge-Hazelman (21 January 2015). «Central banks ‘have lost credibility’«. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  51. ^ (de) Jürg Richter and Ruedi Kunzmann, Neuer HMZ-Katalog, volume 2: «Die Münzen der Schweiz und Liechtensteins 15./16 Jahrhundert bis Gegenwart», (ISBN 3-86646-504-1)
  52. ^ SwissMint.ch Archived 5 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Mintage figures for Swiss coins as of 1850, status in January 2007.
  53. ^ «Frequently Asked Questions (D-27)». Swissmint. Last accessed 5 January 2017.
  54. ^ a b c d SwissMint.ch Archived 5 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Mintage figures for Swiss coins as of 1850, status in January 2007
  55. ^ «150 Years of Swiss coinage: From silver to cupronickel». Swissmint. Last accessed 2 March 2006. Archived 1 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  56. ^ «Our 10 cent coin enters the Guinness Book for its old age». Archyde. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  57. ^ «Ordonnance sur la monnaie (Order on Currency)» (PDF) (in French). Government of Switzerland. 1 December 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  58. ^ «Circulation coins: Technical data». Swissmint. Last accessed 30 October 2006. Archived 5 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine
  59. ^ Cuhaj 2010, pp. 1135–36.
  60. ^ Cuhaj 2010, p. 1137.
  61. ^ Cuhaj 2010, pp. 1138.
  62. ^ «Sixth banknote series, 1976». Swiss National Bank. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  63. ^ Blackstone, Brian (20 October 2017). «Switzerland’s Old-Money Problem: One Billion in Expiring Francs». The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  64. ^ «Questions and answers on banknotes — What does ‘the SNB is recalling banknotes from circulation’ actually mean?». Swiss National Bank. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  65. ^ «Seventh banknote series, 1984». Swiss National Bank. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  66. ^ An overview of the security features Archived 12 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 20 September 2012.
  67. ^ «Eighth banknote series, 1995». Swiss National Bank. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  68. ^ «National Bank remits Sfr 244,3 million to the Fund for Emergency Losses» (PDF) (Press release). Swiss National Bank. 4 May 2000. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  69. ^ Friedberg, Arthur L. (10 May 2021). «Swiss National Bank recalls eighth series of bank notes». Coin World. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  70. ^ «New banknotes for Switzerland». Zurich, Switzerland: Swiss National Bank SNB. May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  71. ^ a b c «Banknotes and coins: The transition to a new banknote series». Zurich, Switzerland: Swiss National Bank (SNB). Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  72. ^ «Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022» (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. 27 October 2022. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  73. ^ a b «Swiss National Bank Monthly Statistical Bulletin» (PDF) (Press release). Bern: Swiss National Bank. February 2010. p. A2: Banknotes and coins in circulation. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  74. ^ Art. 3 of the Swiss law on Monetary Unit and means of payment. Admin.ch (German), Admin.ch (French) and Admin.ch (Italian) versions.

Further reading[edit]

  • Cuhaj, George S., ed. (2010). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money General Issues (1368–1960) (13th ed.). Krause. ISBN 978-1-4402-1293-2.
  • Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
  • Lescaze, Bernard (1999). Une monnaie pour la Suisse. Hurter. ISBN 2-940031-83-5.
  • Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
  • Rivaz, Michel de (1997). The Swiss Banknote: 1907–1997. Genoud. ISBN 2-88100-080-0.
  • Swissmint.ch 150 Years of Swiss coinage: A brief historical discourse. Last accessed 2 March 2006.
  • Swissmint.ch; Prägungen von Schweizer Münzen ab 1850 — Frappes des pièces de monnaie suisses à partir de 1850, 2010.
  • Wartenwiler, H. U. (2006). Swiss Coin Catalog 1798–2005. ISBN 3-905712-00-8
  • Wenger, Otto Paul (1978). Introduction à la numismatique, Cahier du Crédit Suisse, August 1978. (in French)

External links[edit]

  • Media related to Money of Switzerland at Wikimedia Commons
  • (in German) CashFollow.ch, Swiss Franc Tracker
  • (in German) Schweizer-Franken.ch Archived 18 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Information about the Swiss Franc
  • (in English) Switzerland Banknotes, Swiss Franc: Banknote Catalog from 1907
  • Historical exchange rates of USD/CHF (from the year 1800 to present time).
  • Historical chart of USD/CHF (from the year 1800 to present time).
  • (in English and German) The Banknotes of Switzerland
  • Franc – currency at Merriam-Webster
Швейцарский франк (рус.)
Schweizer Franken (нем.)
franco svizzero (итал.)
franc svizzer (рет.)

Swiss franc (англ.)
franc suisse  (фр.)
CHF Banknotes.jpg
Коды и символы
Коды ISO 4217 CHF (756)
Символы Fr
Аббревиатуры ₣ • Fr • sFr
Территория обращения
Страна-эмитент  Швейцария
   Лихтенштейн
Flag of Campione d'Italia.svg Кампионе-д’Италия
DEU Büsingen am Hochrhein COA.svg Бюзинген-ам-Хохрайн
Производные и параллельные единицы
Дробные Сантим (фр.)
Раппен (нем.) (рет.)
Чентезимо (итал.) (1100)
Монеты и банкноты в обращении
Монеты 5, 10 и 20 раппенов
1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков
Банкноты 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 и 1000 франков
История валюты
Введена 1850 год
Эмиссия и производство монет и банкнот
Эмиссионный центр (регулятор) Национальный банк Швейцарии
  www.snb.ch
Монетный двор Монетный двор Швейцарии
  www.swissmint.ch
Курсы на 2 марта 2023 года
1 RUB 0,01247 CHF
1 USD 0,9408 CHF
1 EUR 0,9978 CHF
1 GBP 1,127 CHF
1 JPY 0,006893 CHF
Инфляция в 2022 году
Инфляция 3,4% (июль)[1]
Логотип Викисклада Медиафайлы на Викискладе

Швейца́рский франк — валюта и законное платёжное средство Швейцарии и Лихтенштейна, а также в итальянском эксклаве Кампионе-д’Италия и в немецком эксклаве Бюзинген-ам-Хохрайн. Банкноты франков выпускает центральный банк Швейцарии (Национальный банк Швейцарии), в то время как монеты выпускаются федеральным Швейцарским монетным двором.

В настоящее время в Европе только швейцарская валюта называется франком. Одна сотая франка называется Rappen (мн. ч. — Rappen; Rp.) по-немецки, centime (c.) по-французски, centesimo (ct.) по-итальянски и rap (rp.) по-реторомански. На жаргоне трейдеров швейцарский франк именуется «свисси» (англ. swissy)[2].

История

Швейцарский франк был впервые введён в качестве денежной единицы Гельветической республики в 1798 году, однако уже в 1803 году в связи с её ликвидацией выпуск был прекращён.

Современный швейцарский франк был введён в денежное обращение в 1850 году и по номинальной стоимости был равен французскому франку. Он заменил находившиеся тогда в хождении разнообразные валюты швейцарских кантонов, несколько из которых к тому времени использовали франк (делившийся на 10 батценов или 100 сантимов), который по стоимости был равен 1,5 французского франка.

До 1850 года изготовлением монет в Швейцарии занималось более 75 различных учреждений, включая 25 кантонов и полукантонов, 16 городов, а также аббатства. В обращении находилось около 860 видов различных монет, различной ценности и номинала. Более того, в 1850 году национальные валюты составляли лишь 15 % от общего числа денег в обращении, а оставшуюся часть составляли иностранные валюты, в основном привезённые купцами. Помимо этого, некоторые частные банки стали выпускать первые банкноты, так что общее количество находившихся в обращении монет и банкнот составляло около 8000. Это делало валютную систему чрезвычайно сложной.

С целью решения этой проблемы в первой Швейцарской федеральной конституции 1848 года было оговорено, что новое федеральное правительство будет единственным учреждением в Швейцарии, имеющим право денежной эмиссии. Принятый федеральным собранием 7 мая 1850 года закон о федеральной монетной системе утвердил швейцарский франк в качестве национальной валюты. Вместе с тем, с 1865 до 1927 года Швейцария являлась членом Латинского монетного союза, поэтому в этот период золотые и серебряные монеты Франции, Бельгии, Италии и Греции также имели хождение в Швейцарии в качестве официального платёжного средства.

В 1865 году Франция, Бельгия, Италия и Швейцария объединились в Латинский валютный союз и договорились обменивать свои национальные валюты в соотношении 4,5 грамма серебра за 0,290322 грамма золота. Однако даже после того, как валютный союз потерял свою силу в 1920-е годы и прекратил своё существование в 1927 году, Швейцария придерживалась золотого паритета до его отмены в 1936 году, когда в результате мирового экономического кризиса вслед за девальвацией фунта стерлинга, доллара США и французского франка швейцарский франк потерял около 30 % своей стоимости.

С 1945 года действовала привязка швейцарского франка к американскому доллару при курсе около 4,3:1, но после её отмены в 1973 году курс доллара к франку постоянно снижался и в настоящее время составляет примерно 1:1.

Благодаря гибкому обменному курсу, устойчивому развитию швейцарской экономики и политической стабильности страны швейцарский франк является одной из самых стабильных валют в мире, пользующейся высоким спросом в качестве резервной. Он традиционно относится к валютам налоговых гаваней или оффшорных зон, с нулевым уровнем инфляции и законодательно закреплёнными золотовалютными резервами на уровне минимум 40 %. Однако это условие, введенное в 1920-е годы, было отменено 1 мая 2000 года в связи с поправками в Конституцию Швейцарии. Высокое доверие международных инвесторов является причиной тенденции к росту обменного курса франка по отношению к большинству других национальных валют.

Монеты

Циркуляционные монеты

Регулярно выпускаются монеты номиналом в 5, 10 и 20 раппенов (сантимов), 1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков. Чеканка монет в 1 раппен прекращена в 2006 году, монет в 2 раппена — в 1974 году.

Изменения монетных металлов:

  • 1939 год — 20 раппенов из медно-никелевого сплава (1850—1859 — биллон, 1881—1938 — никель);
  • 1968 год — 1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков из медно-никелевого сплава (ранее — серебро);
  • 1981 — 5 раппенов из медно-алюминиево-никелевого сплава (ранее — медно-никелевый сплав).
Изображение Номинал Диаметр
(мм)
Толщина
(мм)
Масса
(г)
Гурт Материал
Fünfrappen.jpg 5 раппенов 17,15 1,25 1,8 гладкий Cu+Al+Ni
92/6/2
Zehnrappen.jpg 10 раппенов 19,15 1,45 3 гладкий Cu+Ni
75/25
Zwanzigrappen.jpg 20 раппенов 21,05 1,65 4 гладкий
Fünfzigrappen.jpg 1/2 франка 18,2 1,25 2,2 рубчатый
Einfranken.jpg 1 франк 23,20 1,46 4,4 рубчатый
Zweifranken.jpg 2 франка 27,4 2,06 8,8 рубчатый
Fünffranken.jpg 5 франков 31,3 2,33 13,2 гладкий
с надписью
и 13 звёздами

Памятные монеты

Время от времени выпускаются юбилейные и тематические памятные монеты, как правило, номиналом 10, 20 и 50 франков, например:

Изображение Номинал Диаметр Вес Гурт Материал Год выпуска Описание
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2005-CHF-10-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2005-CHF-10-reverse.png 10 франков 32.85 мм 15 г рубчатый биметаллическая,
центр — медь-никель 750/250
кольцо — медь-алюминий-никель
920/60/20
2005 Гора Юнгфрау
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2009-CHF-10-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2009-CHF-10-reverse.png 10 франков 32.85 мм 15 г рубчатый биметаллическая,
центр — медь-никель 750/250
кольцо — медь-алюминий-никель
920/60/20
2009 Швейцарский национальный парк
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2007b-CHF-20-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2007b-CHF-20-reverse.png 20 франков 33 мм 20 г надпись серебро-медь 835/165 2007 Крепость Мунот
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2004b-CHF-50-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2004b-CHF-50-reverse.png 50 франков 25 мм 11.2 г надпись золото-медь 900/100 2004 Гора Маттерхорн

Банкноты

Первая серия общегосударственных банкнот швейцарских франков была выпущена в обращение в 1907 году. Первый выпуск этих банкнот представлял собой выход в обращение временных денег. Зачастую использовались старые купюры кантонов, на которые просто добавляли надписи и надпечатывали красную розетку со швейцарским крестом.

Вторая серия банкнот швейцарских франков была выпущена в 1911—1914 годах и выведена из обращения в 1956—1957 годах. Банкнота в 5 франков была в обращении до 1980 года, то есть почти 70 лет.

Выпуск четвёртой серии швейцарских франков состоялся в 1938 году. Во время Второй мировой войны Национальный банк Швейцарии организовал печать купюр новой серии, однако эти банкноты так и не были введены в обращение.

Пятая серия банкнот швейцарских франков 1954—1961 годов выпуска. Их дизайн был впервые основан на принципе тематического и формального единства: портрет на лицевой стороне и мотивы оформления обратной стороны были связаны между собой исторически и тематически.

Шестая серия банкнот швейцарских франков 1976—1979 годов выпуска. В конце шестидесятых годов прошлого века Национальный банк Швейцарии впервые взял на себя создание и выпуск банкнот. Дизайн этой серии был разработан Эрнстом и Урсулой Хиестанд и в корне отличался от предыдущих: на аверсах купюр были изображены портреты исторических личностей Швейцарии. Эти банкноты были напечатаны в Цюрихе в типографии Orell Füssli.

Седьмая серия швейцарских франков была выпущена в обращение в 1983—1985 годах. Её дизайн был разработан Роджером и Элизабет Пфунд, однако впоследствии Национальный банк Швейцарии уже после утверждения и подписания контракта принял решение об использовании графических эскизов компании «Эрнст и Урсула Хиестанд». Роджер и Элизабет Пфунд оспорили решение в суде и выиграли процесс. Эта серия стала резервной, поскольку банкноты хотя и были напечатаны, но так и не выпущены в обращение. Отпечатаны в Цюрихе («Orell Füssli»).

Восьмая серия швейцарских франков 1994—1998 годов выпуска. При выборе исторических личностей, чьи портреты должны были быть размещены на банкнотах данной серии, Национальный банк Швейцарии ориентировался на видных представителей междисциплинарных форм искусства — архитектуры, музыки и литературы, принимая при этом во внимание языковое и культурное разнообразие в Швейцарии. Их дизайн разработал художник-график Йорг Зинтцмейер. Они также были напечатаны в Цюрихе в типографии «Orell Füssli».

12 апреля 2016 года в обращение поступила банкнота в 50 франков девятой серии. Остальные купюры этой серии вышли в обращение в период с 2017 по 2019 год[3]. Банкноты девятой серии печатаются в типографии «Orell Füssli» в Цюрихе[4].

С 1 мая 2021 года единственным законным платёжным средством на территории Швейцарии остаётся 9-я серия швейцарского франка. 8-я серия могла быть использована, как законное платежное средство до 30 апреля 2021 года, исключением станут почтовые отделения Швейцарии и отделения швейцарских федеральных железных дорог, где рассчитаться 8-й серией можно до 30 октября 2021 года[5].

Банкноты 8-й серии

Серия 1994—1996 года
Изображение Номинал
(франков)
Размеры
(мм)
Основные
цвета
Описание Годы печати
Лицевая сторона Оборотная сторона Лицевая сторона Оборотная сторона
CHF10 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF10 8 back horizontal.jpg 10 126×74 жёлтый Ле Корбюзье 1995 1996 2000 2006
2008 2010 2013
CHF20 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF20 8 back horizontal.jpg 20 137×74 красный Артюр Онеггер 1994 1995 2000 2003
2004 2005 2008 2012
2014
CHF50 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF50 8 back horizontal.jpg 50 148×74 зелёный Софи Тойбер-Арп 1994 2002 2004 2006
2010 2012
CHF100 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF100 8 back horizontal.jpg 100 159×74 голубой Альберто Джакометти 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000 2003 2004 2007
2010 2014
CHF200 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF200 8 back horizontal.jpg 200 170×74 коричневый Шарль Фердинанд Рамю 1996 2002 2006 2010
2013
CHF1000 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF1000 8 back horizontal.jpg 1000 181×74 фиолетовый Якоб Буркхардт 1996 1999 2006 2012
Масштаб изображений — 1,0 пикселя на миллиметр.

Банкноты 9-й серии

Серия 2015—2020 года
Изображение Номинал
(франков)
Размеры
(мм)
Основные
цвета
Описание Годы
выпуска
Лицевая сторона Оборотная сторона Лицевая сторона Оборотная сторона
CHF 10 9 front.jpg CHF 10 9 back.jpg 10 70×123 жёлтый руки дирижёра,
часовые пояса Земли, часы
железнодорожный туннель,
часовой механизм
18.10.2017
CHF 20 9 front.jpg CHF 20 9 back.jpg 20 70×130 красный рука с призмой, созвездия,
геометрический орнамент
сцена кинофестиваля,
бабочки
17.05.2017
CHF 50 9 front.jpg CHF 50 9 back.jpg 50 70×137 зелёный рука с одуванчиком, направления
движения воздушных масс
горы, карта горного района,
парапланерист
12.04.2016
CHF 100 9 front.jpg CHF 100 9 back.jpg 100 70×144 голубой руки с водой,
глобус с циклонами и антициклонами (L — циклон, Н — антициклон)
горные реки в Вале 12.09.2019
CHF 200 9 front.jpg CHF 200 9 back.jpg 200 70×151 коричневый направления правой руки,
глобус
карта столкновения частиц 22.08.2018
CHF 1000 9 front.jpg CHF 1000 9 back.jpg 1000 70×158 фиолетовый рукопожатие,
глобус
парламент 13.09.2019
Масштаб изображений — 1,0 пикселя на миллиметр.

Защита от подделки купюр

Актуальные банкноты девятой серии являются одними из самых защищённых от подделок в мире. Они обладают 18 защитными элементами, которые делают их подделку практически невозможной. Бумагу для печати банкнот производит АО Ландкарт, которое находится в регионе Ландкварт. Особенностью этой бумаги является её получение из побочных продуктов переработки хлопка[6].

Образец

В случае изготовления швейцарских банкнот для использования в качестве тестовых образцов, игровых денег или в рекламных целях надпись «SPECIMEN» (по-английски «образец» / «проба») на таких банкнотах является обязательной. Длина слова «SPECIMEN» должна быть не менее 75 % длины банкноты, а ширина 15 % соответственно[7].

Режим валютного курса

В Швейцарии используется режим свободно плавающего валютного курса. С середины 2003 года курс швейцарского франка по отношению к евро стабилизировался на уровне 1.55 CHF за евро, так что швейцарский франк, как и евро, вырос, а затем упал по отношению к доллару США.

6 сентября 2011 года, после резкого укрепления франка на валютном рынке и достижения рекордно высоких значений её курса ко всем валютам мира, в первую очередь к евро, из-за массового бегства в Швейцарию европейского капитала от угрозы кризиса еврозоны, Национальный банк Швейцарии с одобрения федерального правительства установил максимальный курс франка к евро на уровне 1.20, и в случае необходимости имеет полномочия продолжить ослабление курса нацвалюты.[8]

15 января 2015 года центробанк неожиданно для валютного рынка сообщил об отмене валютного порога к евро, что в кратчайшее время привело к небывалому росту курса франка (до 20—30 %) ко всем валютам мира, к некоторым из которых обновив исторические максимумы, в частности к доллару США, евро, японской иене, британскому фунту стерлингов, а также вызвав разбалансировку всего валютного рынка, когда курсы, в первую очередь ведущих валют, были сбиты как к франку, так и друг к другу. После этого скачка курса франка на рынке в течение двух дней продолжалась его корректировка. Неожиданная новость также отразилась на фондовом рынке и стоимости акций ориентированных на экспорт швейцарских компаний. Например, стоимость акций Nestlé понизилась на 6,20 %, Roche на 8,62 %, Novartis на 8,68 %, а ведущего национального фондового индекса SMI — на 8,67 %, и продолжила падение на следующий день. Поскольку до данного события не было предпосылок для отмены порога курса франка к евро, инвестфонды, банки, брокеры и просто трейдеры, имеющие на данный момент открытые позиции против франка, из-за небывалой волатильности валютного рынка потерпели убытки, а ряд финансовых учреждений (британский форекс-брокер Alpari Group[en], американский FXCM[en] и новозеландский Excel Markets) и вовсе объявили о своей неплатёжеспособности.[9] Изменения котировок франка были настолько быстрыми и неожиданными, что дилеры просто не успевали их устанавливать, из-за чего брокерские компании были вынуждены приостановить валютные торги, а держатели открытых позиций по франку постарались их закрыть, что привело к перебоям в работе финансовых институтов, как, например, немецкого Deutsche Bank.[10] Это событие получило название «Швейцарского шока», а доверие рынка к Швейцарскому национальному банку было ослаблено, поскольку всего за неделю до этого один из его представителей публично заверил, что политика банка по поводу порога курса франка к евро меняться не будет.[11][12][13]

Рыночный курс
Google Finance (…/CHF):
XE.com (…/CHF):
OANDA.com (…/CHF):

Швейцарский франк как мировая валюта

Швейцарский франк используется в качестве резервной валюты из-за его стабильности, хотя доля всех валютных резервов в швейцарских франках, как правило, ниже 0,3 %.

Международные накопления в иностранных валютных резервах, %

Валюты 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
USD 59,0 62,1 65,2 69,3 70,9 70,5 70,7 66,5 65,8 65,9 66,4 65,7 64,1 64,1 62,1 61,8 62,3 61,1 61,0 63,1 64,2 64,0
EUR 17,9 18,8 19,8 24,2 25,3 24,9 24,3 25,2 26,3 26,4 27,6 26,0 24,7 24,3 24,4 22,1 19,7 19,7
DEM 15,8  14,7  14,5  13,8
GBP 2,1 2,7 2,6 2,7 2,9 2,8 2,7 2,9 2,6 3,3 3,6 4,2 4,7 4,0 4,3 3,9 3,8 4,0 4,0 3,8 4,9 4,4
JPY 6,8 6,7 5,8 6,2 6,4 6,3 5,2 4,5 4,1 3,9 3,7 3,2 2,9 3,1 2,9 3,7 3,6 4,1 3,8 3,9 4,0 4,2
FRF 2,4 1,8 1,4 1,6
CHF 0,3 0,2 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2
CNY 1,1
Прочие 13,6 11,7 10,2 6,1 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,4 1,9 1,8 1,9 1,5 1,8 2,2 3,1 4,4 5,1 6,3 6,5 6,9 6,9 6,4
Источники:

  • 2015—2016 — МВФ: IMF Releases Data on the Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves Including Holdings in Renminbi;
  • 1995—2009 — МВФ: Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves;
  • 1999—2005 — ЕЦБ: The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves

Швейцарский франк является международным средством платежа при оплате пошлин и сборов за международную регистрацию товарных знаков в соответствии с правилом 35 «Общей Инструкции к Мадридскому соглашению о международной регистрации знаков и Протоколу к этому соглашению»[14].

См. также

  • Центральные банки и валюты Европы
  • Обзор основных средств защиты от фальшивомонетчиков (англ.)
  • Золотой франк

Примечания

  1. Federal Statistical Office. Consumer Prices
  2. Корнелиус Лука, 2005, с. 80.
  3. Швейцарский франк. Швейцария Деловая (12 апреля 2016). Дата обращения: 30 июня 2016.
  4. Orell Fuessli Holding AG : Orell Füssli receives go-ahead to print the new Swiss banknotes (англ.). MarketScreener (6 октября 2011).
  5. 8я серия банкнот уходит в прошлое. business-swiss.ch (30 апреля 2021). Дата обращения: 10 мая 2021.
  6. Защита от подделки купюр. Калькулятор справочный портал (21 июня 2018). Дата обращения: 21 июля 2019.
  7. CHF швейцарский франк. Банкноты и меры, препятствующие их подделке (10 марта 2019). Дата обращения: 21 июля 2019.
  8. Закат валюты-убежища: Швейцарский франк привязали к евро (html). Вести. Экономика. Вести (6 сентября 2011). Дата обращения: 6 сентября 2011.
  9. Рекордный скачок франка разорил британского брокера группы Alpari (html). РБК. РБК (16 января 2015). Дата обращения: 16 января 2015.
  10. Verlaine, Julia Mayhem Erupts on Trading Floors After Swiss Central Bank Removes Cap on Franc (англ.) (html). Bloomberg. Bloomberg (15 января 2015). Дата обращения: 15 января 2015.
  11. Швейцарский франк поравнялся с евро (html). Яндекс. Яндекс (15 января 2015). Дата обращения: 15 января 2015.
  12. Шпилевская, Кристина SNB вернул франк к жизни (html). Инвесткафе. Инвесткафе (15 января 2015). Дата обращения: 15 января 2015.
  13. Решение швейцарского ЦБ подорвало статус франка как резервной валюты (html). Финмаркет. Финмаркет (16 января 2015). Дата обращения: 16 января 2015.
  14. «Общая Инструкция к Мадридскому соглашению о международной регистрации знаков и Протоколу к этому соглашению». сайт wipo.int. Дата обращения: 27 января 2013. Архивировано из оригинала 26 июня 2013 года.

Библиография

  • Корнелиус Лука. Торговля на мировых валютных рынках = Trading in the Global Currency Markets. — М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2005. — 716 с. — ISBN 5-9614-0206-1.
  • Bernard Lescaze, Une monnaie pour la Suisse. Hurter, 1999. ISBN 2-940031-83-5
  • Michel de Rivaz, The Swiss banknote: 1907—1997. Genoud, 1997. ISBN 2-88100-080-0
  • H.U. Wartenwiler, Swiss Coin Catalog 1798—2005, 2006. ISBN 3-905712-00-8
  • Otto Paul Wenger, Введение в нумизматику, журнал банка Кредит Свисс, август 1978 (фр.)
  • Swissmint, 160 лет швейцарских монет: короткий исторический экскурс(англ.)
  • Swissmint, Чеканка швейцарских монет с 1850 года, 2010. (фр.) (нем.)

Ссылки

  • Swissmint — Швейцарский монетный двор (нем.) (фр.) (англ.)
  • Национальный банк Швейцарии (англ.) (нем.) (фр.) (итал.)
  • Каталог и галерея монет Швейцарии
  • Франк швейцарский и его курс к основным валютам — статистика, графики, тенденции
  • Галерея банкнот Швейцарии (нем.) (англ.)


Эта страница в последний раз была отредактирована 16 января 2023 в 08:52.

Как только страница обновилась в Википедии она обновляется в Вики 2.
Обычно почти сразу, изредка в течении часа.

Швейцарский франк  (рус.)

Schweizer Franken  (нем.)
Franco svizzero  (итал.)
Franc svizzer  (рет.)

Swiss Franc  (англ.)
Franc suisse  (фр.)

Банкнота 50 франков
Банкнота 50 франков
Коды и символы
Коды ISO 4217 CHF (756)
Аббревиатуры ₣ • Fr • sFr
Территория обращения
Эмитент Flag of Switzerland.svg Швейцария
Официально Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Лихтенштейн
Flag of Campione d'Italia.svg Кампионе-д’Италия
Производные и параллельные единицы
Дробные Сантим  (фр.)
Рапен (нем.) (рет.)
Чентезимо (итал.) (1100)
Монеты и банкноты в обращении
Монеты 5, 10, 20 сантимов, 1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков
Банкноты 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 и 1000 франков
Производство монет и банкнот
Эмиссионный центр Национальный банк Швейцарии
www.snb.ch
Монетный двор Монетный двор Швейцарии
www.swissmint.ch
Курсы на 23 февраля 2017 года
1 RUB = 0,01779 CHF
1 USD = 1,009 CHF
1 EUR = 1,067 CHF
1 GBP = 1,259 CHF
1 JPY = 0,008904 CHF
Курсы обновляются ботом на основе данных МВФ, ЕЦБ и ЦБ РФ. Подробнее см. в разделе «Режим валютного курса».
Инфляция в 2014 году
Инфляция 0,0% (апрель) источник
Commons-logo.svg Швейцарский франк на Викискладе

Швейцарский франк (код валюты по ISO 4217 CHF, или 756) является валютой и законным платёжным средством Швейцарии и Лихтенштейна. Банкноты франков выпускает центральный банк Швейцарии (Национальный банк Швейцарии), в то время как монеты выпускаются федеральным монетным двором (Швейцарский монетный двор).

На сегодня в Европе только швейцарская валюта называется франк. На четырёх официальных языках Швейцарии название валюты пишется следующим образом: Franken (на немецком языке), franc (на французском и ретороманском языках), franco (на итальянском языке). Одна сотая франка называется Rappen (мн. ч. — Rappen; Rp.) по-немецки, centime (c.) по-французски, centesimo (ct.) по-итальянски и rap (rp.) по-рето-романски. На жаргоне трейдеров швейцарский франк именуется «свисси» (англ. swissy)[1].

Содержание

  • 1 Банкноты и монеты
    • 1.1 Банкноты
    • 1.2 Монеты
  • 2 История
  • 3 Режим валютного курса
  • 4 Швейцарский франк как мировая валюта
  • 5 См. также
  • 6 Примечания
  • 7 Библиография
  • 8 Ссылки

Банкноты и монеты[править | править вики-текст]

Банкноты[править | править вики-текст]

Выпускаются банкноты номиналом 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 и 1000 франков. На банкнотах изображены портреты:

  • 10 франков — Ле Корбюзье (Жаннере, Шарль Эдуард)
  • 20 франков — Артюр Онеггер
  • 50 франков — Софи Тойбер-Арп
  • 100 франков — Альберто Джакометти
  • 200 франков — Шарль Фердинанд Рамю
  • 1000 франков — Якоб Буркхардт
Аверс Реверс Номинал Размеры Преобладающий цвет Лицевая сторона
CHF10 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF10 8 back horizontal.jpg 10 франков 126 × 74 мм жёлтый Ле Корбюзье
CHF20 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF20 8 back horizontal.jpg 20 франков 137 × 74 мм красный Артюр Онеггер
CHF50 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF50 8 back horizontal.jpg 50 франков 148 × 74 мм зелёный Софи Тойбер-Арп
CHF100 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF100 8 back horizontal.jpg 100 франков 159 × 74 мм голубой Альберто Джакометти
CHF200 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF200 8 back horizontal.jpg 200 франков 170 × 74 мм коричневый Шарль Фердинанд Рамю
CHF1000 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF1000 8 back horizontal.jpg 1000 франков 181 × 74 мм фиолетовый Якоб Буркхардт

Монеты[править | править вики-текст]

Регулярно выпускаются монеты номиналом в 5, 10 и 20 рапенов (сантимов), 1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков. Чеканка монет в 1 рапен прекращена в 2006 году, монет в 2 рапена — в 1974 году.

Изменения монетных металлов: 1939 год — 20 рапенов из медно-никелевого сплава (1850—1859 — биллон, 1881—1938 — никель); 1968 год — 1/2, 1, 2 и 5 франков из медно-никелевого сплава (ранее — серебро); 1981 — 5 рапенов из медно-алюминиево-никелевого сплава (ранее — медно-никелевый сплав).

Изображение Номинал Диаметр Вес Гурт Материал
Fünfrappen.jpg 5 рапенов 17.15 мм 1.8 г гладкий медь-алюминий-никель
920/60/20
Zehnrappen.jpg 10 рапенов 19.15 мм 3 г гладкий медь-никель
750/250
Zwanzigrappen.jpg 20 рапенов 21.05 мм 4 г гладкий медь-никель
750/250
Fünfzigrappen.jpg 1/2 франка 18.20 мм 2.2 г рубчатый медь-никель
750/250
Einfranken.jpg 1 франк 23.20 мм 4.4 г рубчатый медь-никель
750/250
Zweifranken.jpg 2 франка 27.40 мм 8.8 г рубчатый медь-никель
750/250
Fünffranken.jpg 5 франков 31.45 мм 13.2 г выпуклая надпись
«DOMINUS PROVIDEBIT» и 13 звёзд
медь-никель
750/250

Нерегулярно выпускаются юбилейные и тематические памятные монеты, как правило, номиналом 10, 20 и 50 франков, например:

Изображение Номинал Диаметр Вес Гурт Материал Год выпуска Описание
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2005-CHF-10-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2005-CHF-10-reverse.png 10 франков 32.85 мм 15 г рубчатый биметаллическая,
центр —
медь-никель 750/250

кольцо — медь-алюминий-никель
920/60/20
2005 Гора Юнгфрау
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2009-CHF-10-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2009-CHF-10-reverse.png 10 франков 32.85 мм 15 г рубчатый биметаллическая,
центр —
медь-никель 750/250

кольцо — медь-алюминий-никель
920/60/20
2009 Швейцарский национальный парк
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2007b-CHF-20-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2007b-CHF-20-reverse.png 20 франков 33 мм 20 г надпись серебро-медь 835/165 2007 Крепость Мунот
Swiss-Commemorative-Coin-2004b-CHF-50-obverse.pngSwiss-Commemorative-Coin-2004b-CHF-50-reverse.png 50 франков 25 мм 11.2 г надпись золото-медь 900/100 2004 Гора Маттерхорн

История[править | править вики-текст]

Швейцарский франк впервые введён в 1798 году в качестве денежной единицы Гельветической республики. Однако уже в 1803 году в связи с ликвидацией республики его выпуск был прекращён.

Современный швейцарский франк появился в 1850 году и был по нарицательной стоимости равен французскому франку. Он заменил разнообразные валюты швейцарских кантонов, некоторые из которых к тому времени использовали франк (делившийся на 10 батценов или 100 сантимов), который по стоимости был равен 1,5 французского франка.

До 1850 года изготовлением монет в Швейцарии занималось более 75 различных учреждений, включая 25 кантонов и полукантонов, 16 городов, аббатств. В обращении находилось около 860 видов различных монет, различной ценности и номинала. Более того, в 1850 году национальные валюты составляли лишь 15 % от общего числа денег в обращении, а оставшуюся часть составляли иностранные валюты, в основном привезённые купцами. В добавление к этому, некоторые частные банки стали выпускать первые банкноты, так что в общем итоге число монет и банкнот, находившихся в обращении, составило 8 000. Это делало валютную систему чрезвычайно сложной.

Чтобы решить эту проблему, в новой Швейцарской федеральной конституции 1848 года было оговорено, что новое Федеральное Правительство будет единственным учреждением в Швейцарии, выпускающим деньги. Спустя два года вышел федеральный закон о монетной системе, принятый федеральным собранием 7 мая 1850 года, который постановил, что франк является денежной единицей Швейцарии.

Первая серия общегосударственных банкнот в швейцарских франках вышла в 1907 году. Первый выпуск швейцарских франков — это изготовление временных денег. Зачастую использовались старые купюры кантонов, на которые просто добавляли надписи и надпечатывали красную розетку со швейцарским крестом.

Вторая серия швейцарских франков 1911-го года выпуска. Банкноты были выпущены в период первой мировой войны между 1911—1914 годами. Выведены из обращения в 1956—1957 годах. То есть провели более сорока лет в обращении. Банкнота в 5 франков была в обращении до 1980-го года. Почти 70 лет.

Четвёртая серия швейцарских франков 1938-го года выпуска. Во время Второй мировой войны Национальный банк Швейцарии выпустил купюры данной серии. Однако банкноты так и не были введены в обращение и стали резервной серией. Художники: Виктор Сёрбек и Ханс Эрни.

Пятая серия швейцарских франков 1954—1961 годов выпуска. Банкноты данной серии впервые в истории швейцарской бонистики сформировали тематическое и формальное единство — портрет на лицевой стороне и мотивы оформления обратной стороны были связаны между собой исторически и тематически.

Шестая серия швейцарских франков 1976—1979 годов выпуска. В конце шестидесятых годов прошлого века Национальный банк Швейцарии полностью пересмотрел свою политику в области проектирования и производства банкнот. Впервые ШНБ взял под своё руководство планирование и производство банкнот. Дизайн этой серии франков в корне отличается от дизайна предыдущих серий — на аверсах купюр введены портреты исторических деятелей Швейцарии. Дизайн банкнот данной серии разработан дизайнерами Эрнстом и Урсулой Хиестанд. Отпечатаны в Цюрихе («Orell Füssli»).

Седьмая (резервная) серия швейцарских франков 1983—1985 годов выпуска. Дизайн банкнот серии разработан дизайнерами Роджером и Элизабет Пфунд. Однако впоследствии Национальный банк Швейцарии уже после утверждения и подписания контракта принял решение об использовании при печати банкнот данной серии графических эскизов компании «Эрнст и Урсула Хиестанд». Роджер и Элизабет Пфунд оспорили решение в суде и выиграли. Банкноты этой серии так и не были выпущены в обращение, серия стала резервной. Отпечатаны в Цюрихе («Orell Füssli»).

Восьмая серия швейцарских франков 1994—1998 годов выпуска. При выборе исторических личностей, чьи портреты будут размещены на банкнотах данной серии, Национальный банк Швейцарии руководствовался рассмотрением междисциплинарных форм искусства — архитектура, музыка, литература, поэзия и принимая во внимание языковое и культурное разнообразие в Швейцарии. Художник-график, разрабатывавший дизайн купюр восьмой серии: Йорг Зинтцмейер. Банкноты данной серии отпечатаны в Цюрихе на фабрике «Orell Füssli».

12 апреля 2016 года в обращение поступила банкнота в 50 франков девятой серии. Остальные купюры этой серии будут выпущены в промежутке с 2017 года по 2019 год[2].

В 1865 году Франция, Бельгия, Италия и Швейцария объединились в Латинский валютный союз и договорились обменивать свои национальные валюты в соотношении 4,5 грамма серебра за 0,290322 грамма золота. Даже после того, как валютный союз потерял свою силу в 1920-е годы и прекратил своё существование в 1927 году, Швейцария придерживалась этого соотношения вплоть до 1967 года.

Швейцарский франк традиционно относится к валютам налоговых гаваней или оффшорных зон, с нулевым уровнем инфляции и законодательно закрепленными золотовалютными резервами на уровне минимум 40 %. Однако эта привязка к золоту, введенная в 1920-е годы, была упразднена 1 мая 2000 года в связи с поправками в Конституцию Швейцарии. Девальвация швейцарского франка была зафиксирована только 27 сентября 1936 года и была вызвана Великой депрессией, когда франк обесценился на 30 % вслед за девальвацией фунта стерлинга, доллара США и французского франка.

Режим валютного курса[править | править вики-текст]

В Швейцарии используется режим свободно плавающего валютного курса. С середины 2003 года курс швейцарского франка по отношению к евро стабилизировался на уровне 1.55 CHF за евро, так что швейцарский франк, так же, как и евро, вырос, а затем упал по отношению к доллару США.

6 сентября 2011 года, после масштабного укрепления франка на валютном рынке, когда валюта обновляла исторические максимумы ко всем валютам мира, в первую очередь к евро, из-за массового бегства в Швейцарию европейских денег от угрозы кризиса еврозоны, Национальный банк Швейцарии с одобрения Национального правительства установил минимальный порог франка к евро не ниже 1.20, и в случае необходимости продолжит ослабление нацвалюты.[3]

15 января 2015 года, в 09:30 по местному времени, центробанк неожиданно для валютного рынка сообщил об отмене валютного порога к евро, что в течение следующих 10 минут вызвало небывалый рост франка ко всем валютам мира до 20—30 %, к некоторым из которых обновив исторические максимумы, в частности к доллару США, евро, японской иене, британскому фунту стерлингов, а также вызвав общую разбалансировку всего валютного рынка, когда курсы, в первую очередь, ведущих валют, в течение этих же 10 минут были сбиты как к франку, так и друг к другу. После скачка на рынке франк в течение двух дней корректировался, рынок искал справедливую цену валюты. Неожиданная новость также отразилась на фондовом рынке, на стоимости акций швейцарских экспортно-ориентированных компаний, в основном, снижением как, например, Nestlé на 6,20 %, Roche на 8,62 %, Novartis на 8,68 %, а ведущий национальный фондовый индекс SMI — на 8,67 %, падения на следующий день продолжились. Так как до данного события не было предпосылок для отмены порога франка к евро, по крайней мере, большая часть фондового рынка, а именно инвестфонды, банки, брокеры и просто трейдеры, имеющие на данный момент открытые позиции против франка, из-за небывалой волатильности за всю историю валютного рынка, потерпели убытки, а ряд финансовых учреждений и вовсе признали себя неплатёжеспособными перед своими контрагентами и клиентами, как, например, британский форекс-брокер Alpari UK, американский FXCM и новозеландский Excel Markets.[4] Движения котировок франка были настолько быстрыми и неожиданными, что дилеры просто не успевали их устанавливать, из-за чего поставщики брокерских услуг были вынуждены остановить торги валютой, а держатели открытых позиций по франку старались массово их закрыть, из-за чего возникли перебои в работе поставщиков услуг, как, например, немецкого Deutsche Bank.[5] Рынок назвал это событие «Швейцарским шоком», а его доверие к национальному банку было подорвано, так как всего за неделю до события один из представителей центробанка открыто заверил, что политика центробанка по поводу порога к евро меняться не будет.[6][7][8]

Рыночный курс
Google Finance (…/CHF): RUB USD EUR GBP JPY
Yahoo! Finance (…/CHF): RUB USD EUR GBP JPY
XE.com (…/CHF): RUB USD EUR GBP JPY
OANDA.com (…/CHF): RUB USD EUR GBP JPY
Официальный курс (RFRate.com)
Эмитент (…/CHF): RUB USD EUR GBP JPY
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Швейцарский франк как мировая валюта[править | править вики-текст]

Швейцарский франк используется в качестве резервной валюты из-за его стабильности, хотя доля всех валютных резервов в швейцарских франках, как правило, ниже 0,3 %.

Международные накопления в иностранных валютных резервах

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
USD 59,0 % 62,1 % 65,2 % 69,3 % 70,9 % 70,5 % 70,7 % 66,5 % 65,8 % 65,9 % 66,4 % 65,7 % 64,1 % 64,1 % 62,1 % 61,8 % 62,3 % 61,1 % 61,0 % 63,1 %
EUR 17,9 % 18,8 % 19,8 % 24,2 % 25,3 % 24,9 % 24,3 % 25,2 % 26,3 % 26,4 % 27,6 % 26,0 % 24,7 % 24,3 % 24,4 % 22,1 %
DEM 15,8 % 14,7 % 14,5 % 13,8 %
GBP 2,1 % 2,7 % 2,6 % 2,7 % 2,9 % 2,8 % 2,7 % 2,9 % 2,6 % 3,3 % 3,6 % 4,2 % 4,7 % 4,0 % 4,3 % 3,9 % 3,8 % 4,0 % 4,0 % 3,8 %
JPY 6,8 % 6,7 % 5,8 % 6,2 % 6,4 % 6,3 % 5,2 % 4,5 % 4,1 % 3,9 % 3,7 % 3,2 % 2,9 % 3,1 % 2,9 % 3,7 % 3,6 % 4,1 % 3,8 % 3,9 %
FRF 2,4 % 1,8 % 1,4 % 1,6 %
CHF 0,3 % 0,2 % 0,4 % 0,3 % 0,2 % 0,3 % 0,3 % 0,4 % 0,2 % 0,2 % 0,1 % 0,2 % 0,2 % 0,1 % 0,1 % 0,1 % 0,1 % 0,3 % 0,3 % 0,3 %
Прочие 13,6 % 11,7 % 10,2 % 6,1 % 1,6 % 1,4 % 1,2 % 1,4 % 1,9 % 1,8 % 1,9 % 1,5 % 1,8 % 2,2 % 3,1 % 4,4 % 5,1 % 6,3 % 6,5 % 6,9 %
Источники: 1995—2009 МВФ (Международный валютный фонд): Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves
Источники: 1999—2005, ЕЦБ (Европейский центральный банк): The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves
Источники: 

Швейцарский франк является международным средством платежа при оплате пошлин и сборов за международную регистрацию товарных знаков в соответствии с правилом 35 «Общей Инструкции к Мадридскому соглашению о международной регистрации знаков и Протоколу к этому соглашению»[9].

См. также[править | править вики-текст]

  • Центральные банки и валюты Европы
  • Обзор основных средств защиты от фальшивомонетчиков  (англ.)
  • Золотой франк

Примечания[править | править вики-текст]

  1. Корнелиус Лука, 2005, с. 80.
  2. Швейцарский франк (рус.) (html). Швейцария Деловая (12 апреля 2016). Проверено 30 июня 2016.
  3. Закат валюты-убежища: Швейцарский франк привязали к евро (рус.) (html). Вести. Экономика. Вести (6 сентября 2011). Проверено 6 сентября 2011.
  4. Рекордный скачок франка разорил британского брокера группы Alpari (рус.) (html). РБК. РБК (16 января 2015). Проверено 16 января 2015.
  5. Verlaine, Julia Mayhem Erupts on Trading Floors After Swiss Central Bank Removes Cap on Franc (англ.) (html). Bloomberg. Bloomberg (15 January 2015). Проверено 15 января 2015.
  6. Швейцарский франк поравнялся с евро (рус.) (html). Яндекс. Яндекс (15 января 2015). Проверено 15 января 2015.
  7. Шпилевская, Кристина SNB вернул франк к жизни (рус.) (html). Инвесткафе. Инвесткафе (15 января 2015). Проверено 15 января 2015.
  8. Решение швейцарского ЦБ подорвало статус франка как резервной валюты (рус.) (html). Финмаркет. Финмаркет (16 января 2015). Проверено 16 января 2015.
  9. «Общая Инструкция к Мадридскому соглашению о международной регистрации знаков и Протоколу к этому соглашению». сайт wipo.int. Архивировано из первоисточника 2 февраля 2013.

Библиография[править | править вики-текст]

  • Корнелиус Лука. Торговля на мировых валютных рынках = Trading in the Global Currency Markets. — М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2005. — 716 с. — ISBN 5-9614-0206-1.
  • Bernard Lescaze, Une monnaie pour la Suisse. Hurter, 1999. ISBN 2-940031-83-5
  • Michel de Rivaz, The Swiss banknote: 1907—1997. Genoud, 1997. ISBN 2-88100-080-0
  • H.U. Wartenwiler, Swiss Coin Catalog 1798—2005, 2006. ISBN 3-905712-00-8
  • Otto Paul Wenger, Введение в нумизматику, журнал банка Кредит Свисс, август 1978  (фр.).
  • Swissmint, 150 лет швейцарских монет: короткий исторический экскурс.  (англ.) (информация от 2 марта 2006)
  • Swissmint, Чеканка швейцарских монет с 1850 года, 2000.  (фр.)  (нем.)

Ссылки[править | править вики-текст]

  • Swissmint — Швейцарский монетный двор  (нем.)  (фр.)  (англ.)
  • Национальный банк Швейцарии  (англ.)  (нем.)  (фр.)  (итал.)
  • Каталог и галерея монет Швейцарии
  • Франк швейцарский и его курс к основным валютам — статистика, графики, тенденции
⛭

Швейцарский франк

Монеты

Сантимы (раппены)

1 · 2 · 5 · 10 · 20

Франки

12 · 1 · 2 · 5 · 10 · 20 · 25 · 50 · 100 · 500

Банкноты

Франки

5 · 10 · 20 · 50 · 100 · 200 · 500 · 1000
Золотые монеты

Вренели

Валюты

до введения франка

Франк Ааргау · Франк Аппенцелля · Базельский талер · Базельский франк · Бернский талер · Бернский франк · Франк Во · Франк Гельветической республики · Франк Гларуса · Франк Граубюндена · Женевский талер · Женевуаз · Женевский франк · Золотурнский талер · Золотурнский франк · Франк Люцерна · Талер Санкт-Галлена · Франк Санкт-Галлена · Франк Тичино · Франк Тургау · Франк Унтервальдена · Франк Ури · Франк Цюриха · Франк Шаффхаузена · Франк Швица

Прочие единицы
до введения франка

Ангстер · Асси · Батцен (батц) · Блутцгер · Геллер · Гульден · Денаро · Диккен · Дублон · Дукат · Крейцер · Пфенниг · Сольдо · Шиллинг · Штеблер

См. также

Национальный банк Швейцарии · Монетный двор Швейцарии

⛭

Валюты Европы

Еврозона

Евро

Северная Европа

Датская крона (Фарерская крона) • Исландская крона • Норвежская крона • Шведская крона

Великобритания

Фунт стерлингов (Бристольский • Гернсийский • Гибралтарский • Джерсийский • Острова Мэн • Шотландский)

Центральная Европа

Венгерский форинт • Польский злотый • Чешская крона • Швейцарский франк (Лихтенштейнский франк)

Восточная Европа

Белорусский рубль • Казахстанский тенге • Молдавский лей • Приднестровский рубль • Российский рубль • Украинская гривна

Балканский полуостров

Албанский лек • Болгарский лев • Конвертируемая марка · Македонский денар • Румынский лей • Сербский динар • Хорватская куна

Средиземноморье

Гибралтарский фунт • Турецкая лира

⛭

Валюты и монеты со словом «франк» в названии

В обращении

Бурундийский • Гвинейский • Джибути • Комор • Конголезский • КФА BCEAO • КФА BEAC • Лихтенштейнский • Руанды • Швейцарский КФП (Новокаледонский • Французской Полинезии)

Средневековые монеты

Пеший • Конный

Исторические валюты

Ааргау • Албанский • Алжирский • Аппенцелля • Базельский • Бельгийский • Бернский • Влёры • Во • Вестфальский • Военный («франк со знаменем») • Гельветической республики • Гирокастры (франга) • Гларуса • Граубюндена • Доминиканский[en] Женевский • Заморских департаментов Франции (Гваделупский • Гвианский • Мартиники • Сен-Пьера и Микелона • Реюньона)Золотурнский • Камбоджийский • Катанги • Корчи • Луккский • Люксембургский • Люцерна • Малагасийский • Малийский • Марокканский • Монегасский • Новогебридский • Руанды и Бурунди • Саарский • Санкт-Галлена • Тичино • Того[en] Тунисский • Тургау • Унтервальдена • Ури • Фиери • Французский • Французского Камеруна • Французской Западной Африки • Французской Экваториальной Африки • Фрибурский • Цюриха • Шаффхаузена • Швица • Эльбасана (франга)

Частные

UIC-франк[en] WIR-франк • Уральский

См. также

Зона франка • Золотой франк • Латинский монетный союз • Символ франка • Сантим • Десим

⛭

Коллективные и союзные валюты

Существующие
(в обращении)

Австралийский доллар • Восточно-карибский доллар • Датская крона • Доллар США • Евро • Индийская рупия • Нидерландский антильский гульден • Новозеландский доллар • Сингапурский доллар • Франк КФА BCEAO • Франк КФА BEAC • Франк КФП • Фунт стерлингов • Швейцарский франк Южноафриканский ранд

Существующие
(расчётные)

Азиатская валютная единица • Европейская составная единица EURCO[en] Европейская валютная единица EMU-6[en] Европейская расчётная единица EUA-9[en] Европейская расчётная единица EUA-17[en] Расчётная единица ADB • Специальные права заимствования • Сукре

Существующие
(аналитические)

Вокю (Wocu) • Международный доллар

Исторические

Австро-венгерская крона • Вест-индский доллар • Восточноафриканский шиллинг • Золотой франк • Переводной рубль • Риял Катара и Дубай • Рубль СССР / Российский рубль • Талер Марии Терезии • Французский франк • ЭКЮ

Обсуждаемые

Амеро • Афро • Валюта Евразийского союза • Карибский гульден[en] Восточноафриканский шиллинг (новый) • Халиджи («динар Залива») • Эко

Валютные союзы

Долларовая зона (доллар США) Еврозона (евро) Зона рэнда (рэнд) Западноафриканский экономический и валютный союз (франк КФА BCEAO) Золотой блок (золотой стандарт) Зона франка (французский франк) Организация Восточно-карибских государств (восточно-карибский доллар) Рублёвая зона (рубль СССР / российский рубль) Совет экономической взаимопомощи (переводной рубль) Стерлинговая зона (фунт стерлингов) Экономическое сообщество стран Центральной Африки (франк КФА BEAC)

См. также

Банкор • Долларизация • Международная расчётная единица • Монетный союз

The Swiss franc (French: Franc suisse; German: Schweizer Franken’; Italian: Franco svizzero; Romansh: Franc svizzer) is the official currency and legal tender in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, as well as the Italian exclave, Campione d’Italia. Although it is not legal tender in Büsingen am Hochrhein (the legal tender is the euro), it is still widely used there. The Swiss National Bank issues the banknotes, which were printed by Orell Füssli Arts Graphiques SA, while Swissmint issues and produces the coins.

This currency is the only European currency denominated in francs. The subunit of the franc, equal to 1/100th of a franc, is called a rappen (German), centime (French), centesimo (Italian), or rap (Romansh). The code of the currency, which is used by banks and other financial institutions is CHF (CH standing for «Confoederatio Helvetica»), though Fr. is used by many businesses and advertisers. A small amount of these use SFr.

Switzerland, having four official languages, uses Latin inscriptions on its coins to remain language neutral.

History[]

Pre-franc[]

Currency from the Canton of Zürich.

Before the establishment of the Helvetic Republic in 1798, about 75 places were producing coins, which includes the 25 cantons and half-cantons, 16 cities, and abbeys. This resulted in about 860 different coins in circulation at the time, with different values, denominations, and systems.

Introduction of the franc[]

During 1798, the Helvetic Republic was established. With its introduction, it created a currency based on the Berne thaler, being subdivided into 10 batzen or 100 rappen. This franc was an equivalent to 6¾ grams of silver, or 1½ French francs. It was issued up until the disestablishment of the Helvetic Republic in 1803, but served as a model for the cantonal currencies that followed.

Reintroduction[]

Though 22 cantons and half-cantons had issued coins from 1803 to 1850, less than 15% of the currency being circulated in Switzerland was produced locally; a vast majority was foreign, mainly brought to the area by mercenaries. In addition to this, some private banks began issuing the first banknotes, so in total, about 8000 different coins and banknotes were being circulated at the time, which made the monetary system extremely complicated.

The Swiss Federal Constitution gave the government the exclusive right to issue currency.

To solve the complicated system, the Swiss Federal Constitution of 1848 stated in articles 38 and 39 of chapter one, that the Federal Government was the only authority allowed to produce currency in Switzerland. Two years later, this was followed by the Federal Coinage Act, which was passed by the Federal Assembly on May 7, 1850, which officially introduced the franc as the monetary unit of Switzerland. The Swiss franc was introduced at par to the French franc. It replaced numerous different currencies being issued by the Swiss cantons, some of which had been denominated as francs which were worth 1½ French francs.

During 1865, Belgium, France, Italy, and Switzerland formed the Latin Monetary Union (LMU), and agreed to value their national currencies at a standard of 4.5 grams of silver or 0.290322 grams of gold. Even after the monetary union‘s decline in the 1920s and its official end in 1927, the Swiss franc remained using this standard until September 27, 1936, when the franc suffered its only devaluation during the Great Depression. It was devalued by 30%, which was followed by the devaluations of the pound sterling, French franc, and United States dollar. During 1945, Switzerland joined the Bretton Woods system, and pegged the franc to the United States dollar at a rate $1 equaling 4.30521 francs. In 1949, this was changed to $1 equaling 4.375 francs.

CHF vs. the euro (top) and USD from 2003 to 2006.

From June 2003 to 2006, the exchange rate of the franc with the euro was stable at a value of about 1.55 francs equaling a euro, so that the Swiss franc has gone up and down with the euro against the United States dollar and other currencies. During March 2008, the Swiss franc went above one United States dollar for the first time. In March 2011, it went past the $1.10 mark (0.91 CHF per dollar). Only a few months later, in June, the franc went past the $1.20 mark (0.833 CHF per dollar) as investors looked for safety with the Greek-sovereign debt crisis which is still occurring.

Historically, the Swiss franc has been considered a safe-haven currency (hard currency), with an extremely low inflation rate and a legal requirement that a minimum of 40% be backed by gold reserves. This link to gold, which started during the 1920s, was ended on May 1, 2000 through a referendum. By 2005, after a gold selling program, the Swiss National Bank had in its possession 1290 tons of golds in reserves, which was equal to 20% of its values.

Coins[]

First franc[]

Sixteen-franc coin from 1800.

From 1798 to 1803, the Helvetic Republic issued coins denominated in 1 rappen, ½ batzen, 1 batzen in billon, 10 batzen, 20 batzen, and 40 batzen in silver, and 16 franken and 32 franken in gold. These coins were minted in Basel, Bern, and Solothurn. With the introduction of the Act of Mediation, the Helvetic Republic fell along with its currency.

Swiss Confederation issues[]

The higher denominations of the 1850s franc.

During 1850, with the reintroduction of the Swiss franc, coins were introduced with denominations of 1 rappen, 2 rappen, 5 rappen, 10 rappen, 20 rappen, ½ franc, 1 franc, 2 francs, and 5 francs. Of which, the 1 and 2 rappen coins were composed of bronze, the 5, 10, and 20 rappen coins in billon, and the franc denominations in .900 silver. From 1860 to 1863, the silver standard was reduced, and therefore, .800 silver was used, which happened before the French standard of .835 fineness was adopted for the silver coins with the exception of the 5 franc coin (which had remained at .900 fineness) during 1875. During 1879, the 5 and 10 rappen coins transitioned from billon to cupronickel, while the 20 rappen coin replaced billon with nickel.

Due to Switzerland’s neutrality in World War I and World War II, Swiss coinage was not effected much, with brass and zinc coins only temporarily being issued. During 1931, the 5 franc coin was reduced in size from 25 grams to 15 grams, due to its reduction of silver. In 1932, nickel replaced the cupronickel used in the 5 and 10 rappen coins.

During the 1960s, due to the linkage of the Swiss franc to the devaluing United States dollar, the prices of internationally traded goods rose dramatically. The silver in a coin exceeded its value, and many of these coins were sent to different countries for smelting, which convinced the Federal Council to make this act illegal. However, the law had very little effect, and the melting of Swiss coinage only decreased when the collectible value of the remaining francs had again exceeded material value.

The 1 rappen coin was used up until 2006, although in decreasing quantities, but did not play a significant role in the monetary economy in the final quarter of the 20th century (1975–2000). People and groups who used the 1 rappen coin for monetary purposes could obtain these coins at face value, but anyone else would have to pay an additional four rappen per coin to cover costs of production, which had exceeded the coin’s face value for a numerous amount of years. In the 1970s and 1980s, the coin was eventually disused, but was officially withdrawn from circulation and declared no longer legal tender on January 1, 2007. The 2 rappen coin, which was not minted since 1974, was demonetized on January 1, 1978.

Ten rappen from 1879.

Since 1879, the designs of most coins of the Swiss franc have changed very little. The most changed denomination was the 5 franc coin, which had changed its designs in 1888, 1922, 1924 (minorly), and 1931 (mainly a reduction in size). A new design for the bronze 1 and 2 rappen was used beginning in 1948. Coins that depicted a ring of stars, such as the ½, 1, 2, and 5 franc coins, were modified from displaying 22 stars to 23 during 1983. The reason for this was the introduction of Jura in 1979 as the 23rd, as the stars represent each canton. The only coin that has changed the least since 1879 is the 10 rappen coin (except from 1918–1919, 1932–1939), retaining its original composition, size, and design until 2011, and are still legal tender and found in circulation.

Current coins[]

All Swiss coins produced are language-neutral, when regarding the four official languages of Switzerland, by featuring only numerals, the abbreviation Fr., and the Latin phrases «Helvetia«, «Confœderatio Helvetica» (depending on the denomination) or the inscription «Libertas» on small coins. The name of the engraver of the coins is displayed on coins which depict the standing Helvetia or the 5 franc coin.

In addition to the general circulation issues, numerous commemorative coins have been issued in silver, gold, and other metals. The coins are not legal tender, but can be exchanged for their face value at post offices, and national or cantonal banks. Their material or collectors’ value exceeds the face value. The highest denominated coin generally circulated equals 5 francs, but numerous commemorative coins exceed this in face value.

Image

Value

Diameter

Thickness

Mass

Composition

Obverse

Reverse

Fünfrappen.jpg 5 rappen 17.15 mm 1.25 mm 1.8 g Aluminum bronze (92% copper, 6% aluminum, 2% nickel) Libertas head, «Confoederatio Helvetica», year Value, wreath
Zehnrappen.jpg 10 rappen 19.15 mm 1.45 mm 3 g Cupronickel (75% copper, 25% nickel)
Zwanzigrappen.jpg 20 rappen 21.05 mm 1.65 mm 4 g
Fünfzigrappen.jpg ½ franc (50 rappen) 18.2 mm 1.25 mm 2.2 g Standing Helvetia Value, year, wreath
Einfranken.jpg 1 franc 23.2 mm 1.55 mm 4.4 g
Zweifranken.jpg 2 franc 27.4 mm 2.15 mm 8.8 g
Fünffranken.jpg 5 franc 31.45 mm 2.35 mm 13.2 g Alpine herdsman Value, year, branches, Swiss coat of arms

Commemorative coins[]

A commemorative Swiss coin from 2009.

The Swiss Confederation issued its first commemorative coin in 1857, on the occasion of a Schützenfest (shooting festival) being held in Bern. These coins, known as shooting thalers, are even minted up to this day in commemoration of each different festival. During 1936, the first non-shooting commemorative coin was made, and commemorative coins were issued occasionally. From 1974, the Swissmint has introduced new commemorative coins annually. Coins at face values of 10, 20, and 50 francs are currently being issued, and can be exchanged for their face value, but are not considered legal tender.

During 1981, Liechtenstein, as an official user of the Swiss franc, was given permission by the Federal Department of Finance to mint its own coins and put them into circulation. This grants the country the ability to mint commemorative coins to mark special occasions. However, these coins are only valid to use in Liechtenstein.

Banknotes[]

A banknote of the first series.

During 1907, the Swiss National Bank was established, and took over issuance of banknotes from the cantons and banks. The first series introduced banknotes in the denominations of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 francs. In 1914, the 5 and 20 franc banknotes were introduced as a part of Switzerland’s series 2 of banknotes. During 1952, the issuing of 5 franc notes ceased, but introduced the 10 franc note in 1955. During 1996, the 200 franc note was issued, which was printed to replace the 500 franc note.

The third and fourth series of banknotes were printed during World War I and World War II. Only two denominations of the third series were printed, 20 and 100 francs. Of these, three 20 franc designs and two 100 franc designs were made, and only one of each was issued, while the remaining designs became reserve notes. The fourth series, which was a reserve series, had denominations of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 francs, and was never issued.

The sixth series of banknotes, which was designed by Ernst and Ursula Hiestand, had become the first banknotes of the Swiss franc that had a vertical orientation, but only on its reverse. All of these depicted famous Swiss scientists. These were recalled in 2000, and will officially lose their value in 2020.

A seventh series was printed in 1984, and kept as a reserve series, which was ready to be used if wide counterfeiting of the current sixth series had suddenly occurred. When the Swiss National Bank decided to develop new security features and end the concept of reserve series, the designs of the reserve series were released, and the printed notes were destroyed.

When banknotes of the fifth series lost their value in 2000, the banknotes that had not been exchanged had a total value of 244.3 million francs. In accordance with Swiss law, this amount was transferred to the Swiss Fund for Emergency Losses in the case of non-insurable natural disasters.

Current banknotes[]

Security features on the eighth series.

The current, eighth series of banknotes, which was designed by Jörg Zintzmeyer in accordance to the theme of arts, was issued starting in 1995. In additions to new designs, this series was different than the previous sixth series on several counts. Sometimes considered the most prominent was the replacement of the seldom-used 500 franc banknote with the 200 franc note, which has proved more successful than the 500 franc note. The colors of the eighth series were kept similar to the notes of the sixth series, except that the 20 franc note was changed from blue to red to avoid confusion between it and the 1000 franc note, and the 10 franc note was changed from red to yellow. Like its preceding series, it was designed in a vertical orientation, but on both sides rather than one. The size was changed as well, with all notes having the same height of 74 millimeters, while the widths were changed, increasing with the notes’ value. Security features were also added to these notes, and many of these have been visibly displayed and advertised, in contrast to the sixth series, where these security features were kept secret.

All of the banknotes are printed in four of Switzerland’s national languages. The banknotes that depict German or Romansh people have German and Romansh on the same side of the picture, while banknotes displaying a French or Italian person have French and Italian on the same side of the picture. On the reverse, the two other languages are displayed.

Image

Value

Dimensions

Color

Obverse

Reverse

Issued

Obverse

Reverse

Switzerland 10 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 10 CHF rev.JPG 10 francs 126 × 74 mm yellow Le Corbusier Palace of Justice, Modulor April 8, 1997
Switzerland 20 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 20 CHF rev.JPG 20 francs 137 × 74 mm red Arthur Honegger Pacific 231, instrument October 1, 1996
Switzerland 50 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 50 CHF rev.JPG 50 francs 148 × 74 mm green Sophie Taeuber-Arp «Relief rectangulaire», «Tête Dada», «Aubette», «Lignes ouvertes» October 3, 1995
Switzerland 100 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 100 CHF rev.JPG 100 francs 159 × 74 mm blue Alberto Giacometti Lotar II, Homme qui marche, space-time October 1, 1998
Switzerland 200 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 200 CHF rev.JPG 200 francs 170 × 74 mm brown Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz Mountain, lake, manuscript October 1, 1997
CHF1000 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF1000 8 back horizontal.jpg 1000 francs 181 × 74 mm purple Jacob Burckhardt Ancient Architecture April 1, 1998

Future notes[]

Future coin.png This article or section contains information on an expected future introduction.

When the subject has been officially introduced, remove this message.

In February 2005, the Swiss National Bank held a competition to help determine the design of the new ninth series, which was planned to be released in 2010 on the theme, Switzerland open to the world. Twelve people were chosen, and the designs of the first place winner, Manuel Krebs, were originally chosen, but after criticism by the public, the National Bank of Switzerland chose second place winner, Manuela Pfrunder‘s designs. These are scheduled to be issued in 2012.

Circulation[]

As of March 2010, the total value of released 49,664.0 million francs.

Value of Swiss coins and banknotes in circulation as of March 2010 (in millions of CHF)
Coins 10 francs 20 francs 50 francs 100 francs 200 francs 500 francs 100 francs Total
2695.4 656.7 1416.7 1963.0 8337.4 6828.0 129.9 27,637.1 49,664.0

Reserve currency[]

The Swiss franc is globally used as a reserve currency and currently ranks 5th or 6th in value held as reserves after the United States dollar, euro, Japanese yen, and pound sterling.

Currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves

v • d • e
’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 Latest Data
’11 Quarter I
US dollar 59.0% 62.1% 65.2% 69.3% 70.9% 70.5% 70.7% 66.5% 65.8% 65.9% 66.4% 65.7% 64.1% 64.1% 62.1% 61.5% 60.7%
Euro 17.9% 18.8% 19.8% 24.2% 25.3% 24.9% 24.3% 25.2% 26.3% 26.4% 27.6% 26.2% 26.6%
German mark 15.8% 14.7% 14.5% 13.8%
French franc 2.4% 1.8% 1.4% 1.6%
Pound sterling 2.1% 2.7% 2.6% 2.7% 2.9% 2.8% 2.7% 2.9% 2.6% 3.3% 3.6% 4.2% 4.7% 4.0% 4.3% 4.0% 4.1%
Japanese yen 6.8% 6.7% 5.8% 6.2% 6.4% 6.3% 5.2% 4.5% 4.1% 3.9% 3.7% 3.2% 2.9% 3.1% 2.9% 3.8% 3.8%
Swiss franc 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Other 13.6% 11.7% 10.2% 6.1% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.4% 1.9% 1.8% 1.9% 1.5% 1.8% 2.2% 3.1% 4.4% 4.7%
Sources: 1995-1999, 2006-2010 IMF: Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves
Sources: 1999-2005 ECB: The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves

Exchange rates[]

 v · d · e

Current CHF exchange rates

From Google Finance [1]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From Yahoo! Finance [2]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From OzForex [3]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From XE.com [4]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From OANDA.com [5]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD

References[]

  1. The World Factbook

 v · d · e

Swiss franc

Banknotes 5 CHF • 10 CHF • 20 CHF • 40 CHF • 50 CHF100 CHF • 200 CHF • 500 CHF1000 CHF
Coins 1 rappen (HR) • 2 rappen • 5 rappen10 rappen20 rappen • ½ batzen • 1 batzen5 batzen10 batzen20 batzen½ CHF1 CHF • 2 CHF • 40 batzen4 CHF5 CHF10 CHF • 16 CHF • 20 CHF • 25 CHF • 32 CHF • 50 CHF • 100 CHF • 200 CHF • 250 CHF • 500 CHF • 1000 CHF

110 unze¼ unze½ unze1 unze5 unze12 unze₠1₠51 ceros2 ceros5 ceros10 ceros20 ceros50 ceros1 europ2 europ5 europ1 silbertaler20 rond

Miscellaneous Bern Mint • Basel Mint • Liechtenstein frank • Orell Füssli Arts Graphiques SASolothurn MintSwiss National Bank • Swissmint

The Swiss franc (French: Franc suisse; German: Schweizer Franken’; Italian: Franco svizzero; Romansh: Franc svizzer) is the official currency and legal tender in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, as well as the Italian exclave, Campione d’Italia. Although it is not legal tender in Büsingen am Hochrhein (the legal tender is the euro), it is still widely used there. The Swiss National Bank issues the banknotes, which were printed by Orell Füssli Arts Graphiques SA, while Swissmint issues and produces the coins.

This currency is the only European currency denominated in francs. The subunit of the franc, equal to 1/100th of a franc, is called a rappen (German), centime (French), centesimo (Italian), or rap (Romansh). The code of the currency, which is used by banks and other financial institutions is CHF (CH standing for «Confoederatio Helvetica»), though Fr. is used by many businesses and advertisers. A small amount of these use SFr.

Switzerland, having four official languages, uses Latin inscriptions on its coins to remain language neutral.

History[]

Pre-franc[]

Currency from the Canton of Zürich.

Before the establishment of the Helvetic Republic in 1798, about 75 places were producing coins, which includes the 25 cantons and half-cantons, 16 cities, and abbeys. This resulted in about 860 different coins in circulation at the time, with different values, denominations, and systems.

Introduction of the franc[]

During 1798, the Helvetic Republic was established. With its introduction, it created a currency based on the Berne thaler, being subdivided into 10 batzen or 100 rappen. This franc was an equivalent to 6¾ grams of silver, or 1½ French francs. It was issued up until the disestablishment of the Helvetic Republic in 1803, but served as a model for the cantonal currencies that followed.

Reintroduction[]

Though 22 cantons and half-cantons had issued coins from 1803 to 1850, less than 15% of the currency being circulated in Switzerland was produced locally; a vast majority was foreign, mainly brought to the area by mercenaries. In addition to this, some private banks began issuing the first banknotes, so in total, about 8000 different coins and banknotes were being circulated at the time, which made the monetary system extremely complicated.

The Swiss Federal Constitution gave the government the exclusive right to issue currency.

To solve the complicated system, the Swiss Federal Constitution of 1848 stated in articles 38 and 39 of chapter one, that the Federal Government was the only authority allowed to produce currency in Switzerland. Two years later, this was followed by the Federal Coinage Act, which was passed by the Federal Assembly on May 7, 1850, which officially introduced the franc as the monetary unit of Switzerland. The Swiss franc was introduced at par to the French franc. It replaced numerous different currencies being issued by the Swiss cantons, some of which had been denominated as francs which were worth 1½ French francs.

During 1865, Belgium, France, Italy, and Switzerland formed the Latin Monetary Union (LMU), and agreed to value their national currencies at a standard of 4.5 grams of silver or 0.290322 grams of gold. Even after the monetary union‘s decline in the 1920s and its official end in 1927, the Swiss franc remained using this standard until September 27, 1936, when the franc suffered its only devaluation during the Great Depression. It was devalued by 30%, which was followed by the devaluations of the pound sterling, French franc, and United States dollar. During 1945, Switzerland joined the Bretton Woods system, and pegged the franc to the United States dollar at a rate $1 equaling 4.30521 francs. In 1949, this was changed to $1 equaling 4.375 francs.

CHF vs. the euro (top) and USD from 2003 to 2006.

From June 2003 to 2006, the exchange rate of the franc with the euro was stable at a value of about 1.55 francs equaling a euro, so that the Swiss franc has gone up and down with the euro against the United States dollar and other currencies. During March 2008, the Swiss franc went above one United States dollar for the first time. In March 2011, it went past the $1.10 mark (0.91 CHF per dollar). Only a few months later, in June, the franc went past the $1.20 mark (0.833 CHF per dollar) as investors looked for safety with the Greek-sovereign debt crisis which is still occurring.

Historically, the Swiss franc has been considered a safe-haven currency (hard currency), with an extremely low inflation rate and a legal requirement that a minimum of 40% be backed by gold reserves. This link to gold, which started during the 1920s, was ended on May 1, 2000 through a referendum. By 2005, after a gold selling program, the Swiss National Bank had in its possession 1290 tons of golds in reserves, which was equal to 20% of its values.

Coins[]

First franc[]

Sixteen-franc coin from 1800.

From 1798 to 1803, the Helvetic Republic issued coins denominated in 1 rappen, ½ batzen, 1 batzen in billon, 10 batzen, 20 batzen, and 40 batzen in silver, and 16 franken and 32 franken in gold. These coins were minted in Basel, Bern, and Solothurn. With the introduction of the Act of Mediation, the Helvetic Republic fell along with its currency.

Swiss Confederation issues[]

The higher denominations of the 1850s franc.

During 1850, with the reintroduction of the Swiss franc, coins were introduced with denominations of 1 rappen, 2 rappen, 5 rappen, 10 rappen, 20 rappen, ½ franc, 1 franc, 2 francs, and 5 francs. Of which, the 1 and 2 rappen coins were composed of bronze, the 5, 10, and 20 rappen coins in billon, and the franc denominations in .900 silver. From 1860 to 1863, the silver standard was reduced, and therefore, .800 silver was used, which happened before the French standard of .835 fineness was adopted for the silver coins with the exception of the 5 franc coin (which had remained at .900 fineness) during 1875. During 1879, the 5 and 10 rappen coins transitioned from billon to cupronickel, while the 20 rappen coin replaced billon with nickel.

Due to Switzerland’s neutrality in World War I and World War II, Swiss coinage was not effected much, with brass and zinc coins only temporarily being issued. During 1931, the 5 franc coin was reduced in size from 25 grams to 15 grams, due to its reduction of silver. In 1932, nickel replaced the cupronickel used in the 5 and 10 rappen coins.

During the 1960s, due to the linkage of the Swiss franc to the devaluing United States dollar, the prices of internationally traded goods rose dramatically. The silver in a coin exceeded its value, and many of these coins were sent to different countries for smelting, which convinced the Federal Council to make this act illegal. However, the law had very little effect, and the melting of Swiss coinage only decreased when the collectible value of the remaining francs had again exceeded material value.

The 1 rappen coin was used up until 2006, although in decreasing quantities, but did not play a significant role in the monetary economy in the final quarter of the 20th century (1975–2000). People and groups who used the 1 rappen coin for monetary purposes could obtain these coins at face value, but anyone else would have to pay an additional four rappen per coin to cover costs of production, which had exceeded the coin’s face value for a numerous amount of years. In the 1970s and 1980s, the coin was eventually disused, but was officially withdrawn from circulation and declared no longer legal tender on January 1, 2007. The 2 rappen coin, which was not minted since 1974, was demonetized on January 1, 1978.

Ten rappen from 1879.

Since 1879, the designs of most coins of the Swiss franc have changed very little. The most changed denomination was the 5 franc coin, which had changed its designs in 1888, 1922, 1924 (minorly), and 1931 (mainly a reduction in size). A new design for the bronze 1 and 2 rappen was used beginning in 1948. Coins that depicted a ring of stars, such as the ½, 1, 2, and 5 franc coins, were modified from displaying 22 stars to 23 during 1983. The reason for this was the introduction of Jura in 1979 as the 23rd, as the stars represent each canton. The only coin that has changed the least since 1879 is the 10 rappen coin (except from 1918–1919, 1932–1939), retaining its original composition, size, and design until 2011, and are still legal tender and found in circulation.

Current coins[]

All Swiss coins produced are language-neutral, when regarding the four official languages of Switzerland, by featuring only numerals, the abbreviation Fr., and the Latin phrases «Helvetia«, «Confœderatio Helvetica» (depending on the denomination) or the inscription «Libertas» on small coins. The name of the engraver of the coins is displayed on coins which depict the standing Helvetia or the 5 franc coin.

In addition to the general circulation issues, numerous commemorative coins have been issued in silver, gold, and other metals. The coins are not legal tender, but can be exchanged for their face value at post offices, and national or cantonal banks. Their material or collectors’ value exceeds the face value. The highest denominated coin generally circulated equals 5 francs, but numerous commemorative coins exceed this in face value.

Image

Value

Diameter

Thickness

Mass

Composition

Obverse

Reverse

Fünfrappen.jpg 5 rappen 17.15 mm 1.25 mm 1.8 g Aluminum bronze (92% copper, 6% aluminum, 2% nickel) Libertas head, «Confoederatio Helvetica», year Value, wreath
Zehnrappen.jpg 10 rappen 19.15 mm 1.45 mm 3 g Cupronickel (75% copper, 25% nickel)
Zwanzigrappen.jpg 20 rappen 21.05 mm 1.65 mm 4 g
Fünfzigrappen.jpg ½ franc (50 rappen) 18.2 mm 1.25 mm 2.2 g Standing Helvetia Value, year, wreath
Einfranken.jpg 1 franc 23.2 mm 1.55 mm 4.4 g
Zweifranken.jpg 2 franc 27.4 mm 2.15 mm 8.8 g
Fünffranken.jpg 5 franc 31.45 mm 2.35 mm 13.2 g Alpine herdsman Value, year, branches, Swiss coat of arms

Commemorative coins[]

A commemorative Swiss coin from 2009.

The Swiss Confederation issued its first commemorative coin in 1857, on the occasion of a Schützenfest (shooting festival) being held in Bern. These coins, known as shooting thalers, are even minted up to this day in commemoration of each different festival. During 1936, the first non-shooting commemorative coin was made, and commemorative coins were issued occasionally. From 1974, the Swissmint has introduced new commemorative coins annually. Coins at face values of 10, 20, and 50 francs are currently being issued, and can be exchanged for their face value, but are not considered legal tender.

During 1981, Liechtenstein, as an official user of the Swiss franc, was given permission by the Federal Department of Finance to mint its own coins and put them into circulation. This grants the country the ability to mint commemorative coins to mark special occasions. However, these coins are only valid to use in Liechtenstein.

Banknotes[]

A banknote of the first series.

During 1907, the Swiss National Bank was established, and took over issuance of banknotes from the cantons and banks. The first series introduced banknotes in the denominations of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 francs. In 1914, the 5 and 20 franc banknotes were introduced as a part of Switzerland’s series 2 of banknotes. During 1952, the issuing of 5 franc notes ceased, but introduced the 10 franc note in 1955. During 1996, the 200 franc note was issued, which was printed to replace the 500 franc note.

The third and fourth series of banknotes were printed during World War I and World War II. Only two denominations of the third series were printed, 20 and 100 francs. Of these, three 20 franc designs and two 100 franc designs were made, and only one of each was issued, while the remaining designs became reserve notes. The fourth series, which was a reserve series, had denominations of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 francs, and was never issued.

The sixth series of banknotes, which was designed by Ernst and Ursula Hiestand, had become the first banknotes of the Swiss franc that had a vertical orientation, but only on its reverse. All of these depicted famous Swiss scientists. These were recalled in 2000, and will officially lose their value in 2020.

A seventh series was printed in 1984, and kept as a reserve series, which was ready to be used if wide counterfeiting of the current sixth series had suddenly occurred. When the Swiss National Bank decided to develop new security features and end the concept of reserve series, the designs of the reserve series were released, and the printed notes were destroyed.

When banknotes of the fifth series lost their value in 2000, the banknotes that had not been exchanged had a total value of 244.3 million francs. In accordance with Swiss law, this amount was transferred to the Swiss Fund for Emergency Losses in the case of non-insurable natural disasters.

Current banknotes[]

Security features on the eighth series.

The current, eighth series of banknotes, which was designed by Jörg Zintzmeyer in accordance to the theme of arts, was issued starting in 1995. In additions to new designs, this series was different than the previous sixth series on several counts. Sometimes considered the most prominent was the replacement of the seldom-used 500 franc banknote with the 200 franc note, which has proved more successful than the 500 franc note. The colors of the eighth series were kept similar to the notes of the sixth series, except that the 20 franc note was changed from blue to red to avoid confusion between it and the 1000 franc note, and the 10 franc note was changed from red to yellow. Like its preceding series, it was designed in a vertical orientation, but on both sides rather than one. The size was changed as well, with all notes having the same height of 74 millimeters, while the widths were changed, increasing with the notes’ value. Security features were also added to these notes, and many of these have been visibly displayed and advertised, in contrast to the sixth series, where these security features were kept secret.

All of the banknotes are printed in four of Switzerland’s national languages. The banknotes that depict German or Romansh people have German and Romansh on the same side of the picture, while banknotes displaying a French or Italian person have French and Italian on the same side of the picture. On the reverse, the two other languages are displayed.

Image

Value

Dimensions

Color

Obverse

Reverse

Issued

Obverse

Reverse

Switzerland 10 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 10 CHF rev.JPG 10 francs 126 × 74 mm yellow Le Corbusier Palace of Justice, Modulor April 8, 1997
Switzerland 20 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 20 CHF rev.JPG 20 francs 137 × 74 mm red Arthur Honegger Pacific 231, instrument October 1, 1996
Switzerland 50 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 50 CHF rev.JPG 50 francs 148 × 74 mm green Sophie Taeuber-Arp «Relief rectangulaire», «Tête Dada», «Aubette», «Lignes ouvertes» October 3, 1995
Switzerland 100 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 100 CHF rev.JPG 100 francs 159 × 74 mm blue Alberto Giacometti Lotar II, Homme qui marche, space-time October 1, 1998
Switzerland 200 CHF obv.JPG Switzerland 200 CHF rev.JPG 200 francs 170 × 74 mm brown Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz Mountain, lake, manuscript October 1, 1997
CHF1000 8 front horizontal.jpg CHF1000 8 back horizontal.jpg 1000 francs 181 × 74 mm purple Jacob Burckhardt Ancient Architecture April 1, 1998

Future notes[]

Future coin.png This article or section contains information on an expected future introduction.

When the subject has been officially introduced, remove this message.

In February 2005, the Swiss National Bank held a competition to help determine the design of the new ninth series, which was planned to be released in 2010 on the theme, Switzerland open to the world. Twelve people were chosen, and the designs of the first place winner, Manuel Krebs, were originally chosen, but after criticism by the public, the National Bank of Switzerland chose second place winner, Manuela Pfrunder‘s designs. These are scheduled to be issued in 2012.

Circulation[]

As of March 2010, the total value of released 49,664.0 million francs.

Value of Swiss coins and banknotes in circulation as of March 2010 (in millions of CHF)
Coins 10 francs 20 francs 50 francs 100 francs 200 francs 500 francs 100 francs Total
2695.4 656.7 1416.7 1963.0 8337.4 6828.0 129.9 27,637.1 49,664.0

Reserve currency[]

The Swiss franc is globally used as a reserve currency and currently ranks 5th or 6th in value held as reserves after the United States dollar, euro, Japanese yen, and pound sterling.

Currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves

v • d • e
’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 Latest Data
’11 Quarter I
US dollar 59.0% 62.1% 65.2% 69.3% 70.9% 70.5% 70.7% 66.5% 65.8% 65.9% 66.4% 65.7% 64.1% 64.1% 62.1% 61.5% 60.7%
Euro 17.9% 18.8% 19.8% 24.2% 25.3% 24.9% 24.3% 25.2% 26.3% 26.4% 27.6% 26.2% 26.6%
German mark 15.8% 14.7% 14.5% 13.8%
French franc 2.4% 1.8% 1.4% 1.6%
Pound sterling 2.1% 2.7% 2.6% 2.7% 2.9% 2.8% 2.7% 2.9% 2.6% 3.3% 3.6% 4.2% 4.7% 4.0% 4.3% 4.0% 4.1%
Japanese yen 6.8% 6.7% 5.8% 6.2% 6.4% 6.3% 5.2% 4.5% 4.1% 3.9% 3.7% 3.2% 2.9% 3.1% 2.9% 3.8% 3.8%
Swiss franc 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Other 13.6% 11.7% 10.2% 6.1% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.4% 1.9% 1.8% 1.9% 1.5% 1.8% 2.2% 3.1% 4.4% 4.7%
Sources: 1995-1999, 2006-2010 IMF: Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves
Sources: 1999-2005 ECB: The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves

Exchange rates[]

 v · d · e

Current CHF exchange rates

From Google Finance [1]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From Yahoo! Finance [2]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From OzForex [3]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From XE.com [4]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From OANDA.com [5]: AUD CAD EUR GBP HKD JPY USD

References[]

  1. The World Factbook

 v · d · e

Swiss franc

Banknotes 5 CHF • 10 CHF • 20 CHF • 40 CHF • 50 CHF100 CHF • 200 CHF • 500 CHF1000 CHF
Coins 1 rappen (HR) • 2 rappen • 5 rappen10 rappen20 rappen • ½ batzen • 1 batzen5 batzen10 batzen20 batzen½ CHF1 CHF • 2 CHF • 40 batzen4 CHF5 CHF10 CHF • 16 CHF • 20 CHF • 25 CHF • 32 CHF • 50 CHF • 100 CHF • 200 CHF • 250 CHF • 500 CHF • 1000 CHF

110 unze¼ unze½ unze1 unze5 unze12 unze₠1₠51 ceros2 ceros5 ceros10 ceros20 ceros50 ceros1 europ2 europ5 europ1 silbertaler20 rond

Miscellaneous Bern Mint • Basel Mint • Liechtenstein frank • Orell Füssli Arts Graphiques SASolothurn MintSwiss National Bank • Swissmint

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