Шымкент на английском языке как пишется

Shymkent Şymkent Шымкент
City
From top left to down right: Tulip fountain, Russian Drama Theater, Altyn Shanyraq Monument, pedestrian street Arbat at Night, Ordabassy Square at Night, Old Citadel.
Seal
Shymkent Location in Kazakhstan
Coordinates: 42°19′0″N 69°35′45″E / 42.31667°N 69.59583°ECoordinates: 42°19′0″N 69°35′45″E / 42.31667°N 69.59583°E
Country	Kazakhstan
Founded	3-2nd century BC
Government
• Body	City Mäslihat
• Akim	Murat Aitenov
Area
• Total	1,170 km2 (450 sq mi)
Elevation	506 m (1,660 ft)
Population  (1 March 2020)
• Total	1,200,000[1]
Time zone	UTC+6 (UTC+6)
Postal code	160000
Area code	(+7) 7252
ISO 3166 code	SHY
Vehicle registration	17
Climate	Dsa / Csa
Website	shymkent.gov.kz/en

Shymkent (Kazakh pronunciation: [ʃɯmˈkʲent] (listen); Шымкент, Şymkent), known until 1993 as Chimkent^[2] (Uzbek: Çımkent, چىمكېنت; Yañalif: Çimkent (Uzbek pronunciation: [tʃɨmˈkɛnt])), is a city in Kazakhstan. It is near the border with Uzbekistan. It is one of three Kazakh cities which have the status equal to that of a region (“city of republican significance”).^[3] It is the third-most populous city in Kazakhstan, behind Almaty and Astana, with an estimated population of 1,002,291 as of 1 June 2018.^[4] According to regional and city officials, the millionth resident of Shymkent was born on 17 May 2018.^[5] It is a regional cultural centre.
Shymkent is situated 690 kilometres (430 mi) west of Almaty and 1,483 kilometres (920 mi) south of Astana. It is also 120 kilometres (75 mi) to the north of Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Etymology[edit]

The name Chimkent comes from two Sogdian words, chim (meaning ‘turf’) and kent (or kand) (meaning ‘city’) (also found in the name of nearby Toshkent); thus, it literally means «the city in the grass/turf.»
After Kazakhstan gained independence, the city was renamed Shymkent in 1993 as part of the government’s campaign to apply Kazakh names to cities. The formal spelling of Shymkent, as codified in Kazakhstan’s Constitution, goes against the original Uzbek spelling rules of never having the letter «ы» follow the letter «ш». (Uzbek itself has no letter ы. Furthermore, what is spelled as ш in Kazakh is spelled as ч in Uzbek.) As a result, the new name Шымкент (Shymkent) is used only in Kazakhstan, while other countries continue to use the original spelling Чимкент (Chimkent).

History[edit]

Shymkent was founded in the twelfth century^[6] as a caravanserai to protect a nearby Silk Road trade town, Sayram, 10 km to the east. Shymkent grew as a market center for trade between Turkic nomads and the settled Sogdians. It was destroyed several times: by Genghis Khan, soldiers from the southern Khanates, and by nomad attacks. In the early 19th century, it became part of the khanate of Kokand before it was captured by the Russians in 1864.^[7] It was renamed Chernyaev in 1914 and renamed Shymkent in 1924. Following the Russian conquest, Shymkent was a city of trade between nomadic Turks and sedentary Turks, and was famous for its kumis.^[8]
Shymkent was founded as a hub for economic development in South Kazakhstan in the 20th century, and rapid growth was evolving in the second half of the century. To date, there are about 70 factories, plants and other manufacturing companies in the area.^[9]
A settlement on the territory of modern Shymkent already existed at the turn of the 11th – 12th centuries. At the same time, there is a hypothesis about its earlier establishment based on the burials found during the archaeological excavations, which, according to experts, date back to the 5th – 6th centuries. In the sources that have reached our time, the Central Asian historian Sharaf ad-din Yazdi (1425) first mentioned Shymkent in the book Zafar Name (Book of Victories), when describing the military campaigns of Timur.
Chimkent (Shymkent), as a city-settlement already existed in the 6th century AD. Its name links to the famous traveler Xuan Jiang, who mentioned it in his notes about Isfijab — Sairam.
It is widely believed that the city existed in the 12th century. This information is taken from the book of A. Dobrosmyslov «Cities of the Syr-Darya region», where he reports the following: «The name of the city of Chimkent comes from the words chim — sod and kent — city. Indigenous people of Chimkent relate the time of its establishment to the 12th century, referring to the grave of St. Baba Dervish, a contemporary of Khoja Ahmet Yasawi.»

In 1914, in honour of the 50th anniversary of Shymkent becoming part of the Russian Empire, the city was named Chernyaev, but in 1924 the Soviet authorities returned to the city its former name.
A lead plant was built in Shymkent in the 1930s. It accounted for 70% of the total lead produced in the Soviet Union. An oil and fat plant, a hosiery and a mirror factory were commissioned. In 1932, an agricultural aviation base was created, which led to the creation and development of the city airport.
During the Second World War, a number of Soviet industrial enterprises were evacuated in Shymkent. From the front line, 17 plants and factories were relocated here. The city produced spare parts for tanks, shells, metal, lead for bullets, optical instruments and other products. Seven Shymkent residents were awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
There was a gulag near Shymkent, and as a result, many Russian-speaking people came to the area through imprisonment in that gulag.^[10]
In January 2015, Shymkent officials sent a request to UNESCO to be recognized as an ancient city.^[11]
Until 2018, Shymkent was the administrative center of South Kazakhstan Region. On 19 June 2018 it was taken out of South Kazakhstan Region and subordinated directly to the government of Kazakhstan. As a result, the administrative center of the region is moved to Turkistan, and the region was renamed as Turkistan Region.^[12]

Geography[edit]

Climate[edit]

Shymkent features a humid continental climate (Köppen Dsa) bordering on a mediterranean climate (Csa). Shymkent features hot, relatively dry summers and cold winters. Winters here are noticeably warmer than in more northerly cities like Almaty and Astana, with the mean monthly temperature during the city’s coldest month (January) averaging around −1 °C (30.2 °F). Winter snowfalls are common, although rainfall during that season occurs mixed in with that. Shymkent averages just under 600 millimetres (23.62 in) of precipitation annually.

Vegetation[edit]

The vegetation of the city is known for its extreme diversity. Trees like oak, elm, poplar, cannan maple, willow, chestnut, acacia, ailanthus, thuja, pine, spruce grow in the city. Farm horticultural crops cherry, apricot, dried apricot, plum, pomegranate, walnut, quince, and grape varieties are widespread.

Demographics[edit]

According to a government estimate in 2012, the city had 669,326 inhabitants.^[14] In 2009, the population of Shymkent was 603,499 (2009 Census results);^[15] in 1999, it was 423,902 (1999 Census results).^[15]
By the beginning of 2015, Shymkent was joined by the areas of adjacent districts. In this connection, the city population has increased up to 858,147 people within the new boundaries by the beginning of 2015.^[16] By that time, 711,783 people resided in the former area of Shymkent.^[17] By 1 June 2018, the population of Shymkent was 1,002,291.^[4]

The following tables are the total population of Shymkent since 1897:

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1897 11,194 —     1908 17,000 +51.9% 1913 19,000 +11.8% 1939 74,000 +289.5% 1959 153,000 +106.8% 1970 247,000 +61.4% 1977 303,000 +22.7%

Year Pop. ±% 1979 321,535 +6.1% 1989 392,977 +22.2% 1992 405,500 +3.2% 1993 409,700 +1.0% 1994 411,400 +0.4% 1995 414,400 +0.7% 1996 417,900 +0.8%

Year Pop. ±% 1997 417,400 −0.1% 1998 419,700 +0.6% 1999 435,300 +3.7% 2000 482,900 +10.9% 2001 502,700 +4.1% 2002 506,700 +0.8% 2003 513,100 +1.3%

Year Pop. ±% 2004 521,200 +1.6% 2005 526,100 +0.9% 2006 535,100 +1.7% 2007 554,600 +3.6% 2008 602,300 +8.6% 2009 615,000 +2.1% 2010 629,100 +2.3%

Year Pop. ±% 2011 642,600 +2.1% 2012 662,300 +3.1% 2013 683,300 +3.2% 2015 858,147 +25.6% 2016 885,799 +3.2% 2017 932,234 +5.2% 2018 1,002,291 +7.5%

Year Pop. ±% 2019 1,023,618 +2.1% 2020 1,056,309 +3.2%

Ethnic groups (2020):^[18]

• Kazakh: 67.47%
• Uzbek: 17.69%
• Russian: 8.91%
• Azerbaijani: 1.74%
• Tatar: 1.01%
• Others: 3.18%

Region and development[edit]

On 19 June 2018 by the decree of the President of Kazakhstan, Shymkent was recognized as one of Kazakhstan’s cities with a population of over a million people, along with the capital, Astana, and Almaty. Shymkent was given the status of a city of republican significance. It was removed from the South Kazakhstan region, which was renamed Turkestan by the same decree. The city of Shymkent became an independent administrative-territorial unit, and the 17th region in Kazakhstan.^[19]

In 2016, construction began on Shymkent City, a new district comprising residential and administrative areas, in the northern part of the city. This construction is part of then-President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev’s promotion of the development of Shymkent as the «third Kazakhstani megalopolis».^[20]

Economy[edit]

Formerly dominated by lead mining, industrial growth began in the 1930s.
A lead smelter was opened in Shymkent in 1934^[21] or 1938.^[22] It supplied a major part of the USSR’s metals needs, copper as well as lead and others, including three-quarters of all bullets fired by the Red Army. Smelting continued until 2008, causing extreme levels of pollution (lead, cadmium, etc.) in the surrounding ground, and then controversially restarted in 2010, briefly, under a major UK-listed company, Kazakhmys.^[21]
The city also has industries producing refined zinc, processed karakul pelts, textiles, foodstuffs, and pharmaceuticals. Also, the city has a medium-sized refinery, which is owned and operated by PetroKazakhstan.
Shymkent is one of the leading industrial and economic centres of Kazakhstan. The city has industrial enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical, oil refining and food industries.
The petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries include «PetroKazakhstan Oil Products» LLP (oil refining), «Khimpharm» JSC (medicines). Metallurgical goods are produced by «Yuzhpolymetal» JSC (lead and other products).
Mechanical engineering is represented by Cardanval JSC (cardan shafts and crosspieces for cars and tractors), Yuzhmash JSC (forging and pressing machines, spare parts and equipment), Elektroapparat LLP (power switches and other products).
As for light industry, enterprises include «Voskhod» (garments from woolen and semi-woolen fabrics: suits, coats, jackets, etc.), «Adal» (textile), «Elastic» (socks from high-quality yarn). Construction materials are produced by «Shymkentcement» and «Kurylys materialdary» JSC (bricks).
«Shymkentmai» JSC and «Kainar» LLP (processing of cotton, sunflower, safflower, soybean, production of refined edible oil and other products), «Shymkentpivo» JSC (beer), «Visit» JSC (soft drinks), «Shymkentsut» JSC (dairy products) are also operating in the city.

Industrial production increased by 15% compared to 2018.
Agricultural production increased by 6.3%, housing construction — by 19.2%, retail trade — by 7.1%.
In the last 3 years, as part of the Industrial and Innovative Development Programme, 24 enterprises were opened in Shymkent, and 1,300 permanent jobs were created.
There are 2 industrial zones in the city. To date investments worth 64 billion tenge have been attracted, 72 projects have been launched, more than 4,000 people have been employed.
In February 2021, it was announced that authorities in Shymkent are planning for 123 investment projects worth over 1.36 trillion tenge (US$3.3 billion) to be launched over the next 5 years. These projects are expected to create approximately 11,500 jobs for the region.^[23]

Culture[edit]

Shymkent has throughout its 2200-year history been under many different cultural influences of its controlling civilizations.^[24] Shymkent serves as the Cultural Capital of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2020.^[25]

Transportation[edit]

Public Transport[edit]

The city is a major railroad junction in the Turkestan-Siberia Railway. All passenger trains are operated by Kazakhstan Temir Zholy. The express trains using comfortable Tulpar Talgo rolling stock. The Bus service uses modern Yutong CNG buses to reach close to every corner of the city and also decrease the air pollution of the region.^[26] A bicycle-sharing system operates in Shymkent with 40 stations around the city.^[27] At some parks and public places are also e-scooters are available for sharing.

Roads[edit]

Currently, there are over two thousand streets in the city, the total length of all streets and roads is 2135 km.
Major roads passing through Shymkent include M32 (to Aktobe, Oral and Samara) and A2 (Tashkent and Almaty).

Airports[edit]

The Shymkent International Airport was opened in 1932 and is located 12 km northwest of the city center. The airport offers air connections to all major cities in Kazakhstan and with like Dubai, Moscow and Istanbul also international connections. Another small airfield is located near Sairam and is used mostly for sport and agriculture flights.

Sightseeing[edit]

Streets[edit]

Before 1864, the city consisted of a chaotic interweaving of winding streets around the citadel of the ancient city of Shymkent (the so-called «Old City»). But after it became a town of the Syrdarya region in 1867, the «New City» gradually emerged — an area that has a rectangular-quarter street layout. It was limited to Nikolaevskaya (now Kazybek-bi), Stepnaya (Kunaev Boulevard), Sadovaya (Tauke Khan Avenue) and Meshchanskaya (now Turkestan) streets.

Ordabasy Square

In the 19th century, the eastern border of the city passed here, and there were also fortified gates leading to Sayram and Taraz. In those days, there was a bazaar nearby, therefore this square was called Bazaar; the street got the same name, which originated from this square.

Currently, three streets converge on the Ordabasy Square, named after three Kazakh wise men — Tole Bi, Kazybek Bi, Aiteke Bi. The monument Zher-ana was erected right in the center of the square. It has three faces with a height of 34 meters. Famous quotes of the three wise Kazakh men are carved on each face of the monument. The top of the monument is crowned by the figure of a young woman, symbolizing Mother Earth, who releases seven swallows into the sky.
Under the square flows the Koshkar Ata river and the square contains two fountains next to the monument.
The Ordabasy Square connects to the Independence Park through a 104-meter-long pedestrian bridge.

Parks[edit]

Ken Baba Park
This park (formerly the Cathedral Garden, Nikolsky Church Park, and Children’s Park) is one of the oldest in the city, located on Kazybek Bi Street at the intersection with Tauke Khan Avenue. In 1908, St. Nicholas Cathedral was built in the area by the architect Matsevich, which opened in the autumn of 1914. This three-story building is considered one of the best examples of religious construction in the «red brick style.» In the Soviet years, it was transformed into a regional library, and later into the Palace of Pioneers. Now it is the regional puppet theatre.

Valuable trees (mainly oaks) planted here in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and still grow in the park. Currently, there are numerous children’s attractions and catering establishments. The water of the spring source is sent to artificial waterfalls that flow into decorative ponds, then the water is redistributed through the channels. Waterfowl and decorative fish can be spotted in the water.

Central Park

This park (formerly the Public City Garden) is also located on Kazybek Bi Street near Ken Baba Park. It was built at the end of the 19th century, almost simultaneously with the Cathedral Garden.

Dendropark

The Dendropark was built in 1980 at the outskirts of the city. Because of the fast growth of the city it is now inside of the city and located at the Prospekt Baydibek Bi. The park cover a area of 150 ha and there are about half of million trees and shrubs of 1360 different types. Most of them are rare and exotic types from different regions of the world. In the center of the park is a huge pond where visitors can rent Pedalos or Rowing boats to discover the park by boat. The park additional offers a [Cycling|cycling] and running track, some small drink and food shops and a bike rental shop.

Abay Park

The Abay Park is named after the Kazakh poet Abay and is located in the heart of the city. A museum and a monument about Abay is located near the south entrance at the Zheltoqsan Street. In the center of the park is a huge World War II memorial with an eternal flame. A art gallery and a public swimming pool are located in the northern part of Abay Park.

Independence Park

The Independence Park was created for the 20th anniversary of Kazakhstan’s Independence in 2011. The park offers a Singing fountain, a 50 metres high flagpole, pavilions, playgrounds and the monument named Altyn Shanyraq. The park is located near the Citadel, the Ordabasy Square and the train station.

Landmarks[edit]

Koshkar Ata mosque

The Koshkar Ata mosque also known as Zhami Mosque was built in 1850–1856. It was erected by Ferghana masters in the style of quarterly mosques of frontal composition. Initially, the building was built of mud brick, but due to flooding by the river, it collapsed over time. Therefore, in 1891–1893 the mosque was rebuilt with burnt bricks. The main facade was made in the form of a three-arch structure, the building had a right and left wing. In 2009, the left wing was destroyed despite the fact that the mosque is protected by law as a monument of architecture.

Old city

The old city began to appear thanks to artisans and farmers who began to settle at the foot of the citadel of the ancient city of Shymkent in the 16th century.

Today, the streets of the Old City follow the outlines of the streets of past centuries. But only two architectural objects of the century before last have survived — the Koshkar Ata mosque and the house of the district chief. In the late period of the Soviet Union, a plan was created to preserve the Old City as an open-air museum with special requirements for newly erected buildings to combine the historical and modern architectural style. After the fall of the Soviet Union the plans were not realized.

Sport[edit]

• FC Ordabasy — Men’s football team (Current playing in Kazakhstan Premier League)
• BIIK Kazygurt — Women’s football team

Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium is the main stadium in the city. Its capacity is 20,000. It is the base of FC Ordabasy.

Notable people[edit]

• Iordanis Pechlivanidis (born 1986), footballer

Twin cities[edit]

Twin Cities is the name of the sister cities program.^[28]

City	Country	Year
Mogilev	Belarus
Stevenage	United Kingdom	1990
Acharnes	Greece
İzmir	Turkey	2004
Pattaya	Thailand	2017
Grosseto	Italy
Baiyin	China
Khujand	Tajikistan
Eskişehir[29]	Turkey

Gallery[edit]

• 

  Russian Drama Theater at Al-Farabi Square

• 

  View to Ordabassy Square from the stairs to the Independence Park

• 

  Shopping mall «Mega Planet» in Shymkent, Kazakhstan

• 

  Palace of Metallurgists

• 

  Temple of the Icon of Kazan Mother of God

• 

  Train station forecourt

• 

  Monument of Baidibek Bi

• 

  Arch at Independence Park

• 

  Residential complex «Kazakhstan» on Kunayev Boulevard

• 

  Residential buildings on Kunaev Boulevard

• 

  View of the crossroads of Tauke-khan Avenue and Kunaev Boulevard from «Mega Center Shymkent» shopping mall

• 

  View on shopping mall in Shymkent, called ЦУМ in the Russian/Soviet style

• 

  Fountains near the Central Department store (ЦУМ)

• 

  Al-Farabi st., the view of the local Medical Academy

• 

  Turkestan st. (улица Туркестанская)

References[edit]

External links[edit]

шымкент

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Перевод «Шымкент» на английский

На протяжении столетий Шымкент нередко подвергался опустошительным нашествиям завоевателей.

For centuries, Shymkent often subjected to devastating invasions of conquerors.

Город Шымкент — густонаселенный регион с огромным потенциалом человеческих ресурсов.

Shymkent city — is a densely populated region with a huge potential of human resources.

После войны, вернувшись, навсегда осталась в городе Шымкент.

After the war, after returning, she remained forever in the city of Shymkent.

«Город Шымкент имеет выгодную позицию в развитии пищевой промышленности.

Shymkent city has a favorable position in the development of the food industry.

Следующим проектом испанских инвесторов станет завод по переработке мусора в гроде Шымкент.

The next project of the Spanish investors is a waste recycling facility in Shymkent.

Шымкент это город с высокой долей казахского населения.

Shymkent is the city with a high proportion of Kazakh population.

По прибытии в Шымкент Президент посетил старейшее медицинское учреждение — областную клиническую больницу.

After his arrival to Shymkent, the President visited the oldest medical institution in the city, the regional clinical hospital.

Между Алматы и городом Шымкент ежедневно курсируют несколько поездов.

Several trains run between Almaty and Shymkent cities on the daily basis.

Выпускников школ и колледжей города Шымкент «дней Открытых дверей» организация и проведение.

Graduates of schools and colleges of the city of Shymkent «Open Days» organization and carrying out.

Группа в составе тридцати пяти человек также посетит города Шымкент и Туркестан.

A group of thirty-five people will also visit the cities of Shymkent and Turkestan.

Таким образом, Шымкент будет первый интермодальный пункт, соединяющий дороги, рельсы и крылья.

Thus, Shymkent would feature the 1st intermodal gateway linking up roads, railroads and flight routes.

В этой связи, Шымкент призван стать одним из новых центров социально-экономического притяжения на юге страны.

In this regard, Shymkent is intended to become one of the new centers of social and economic attraction in the south.

За время своего существования Шымкент, как значительный торговый и земледельческий центр, многократно захватывался, и постоянно был объектом нашествий.

During its existence, Shymkent, as a significant commercial and agricultural center, was occupied several times, and was constantly a subject to invasions.

В 1997 году в городе Шымкент собралась группа пилотов, авиатехников и людей, преданных авиации, которые любят небо.

In 1997, in Shymkent city, a group of pilots, aircraft technicians and people dedicated to aviation, who love the sky gathered together.

Город Шымкент является крупным промышленно-индустриальным центром, занимающим преимущественную долю в областном объеме промышленного производства.

Shymkent city is a major industrial and manufacturing center occupying a primary share in regional volume of industrial production.

В Казахстане ее экспонировали в нескольких городах и теперь привезли в Шымкент.

In Kazakhstan, it was exhibited in several cities and has now been brought to Shymkent.

Третий по величине город Шымкент расположен в южном Казахстане.

The third largest city Shymkent in the country is situated on the south of Kazakhstan.

Расположенный на Великом Шелковом пути город Шымкент занимает очень выгодное географическое положение.

The city of Shymkent is located on the Great Silk Road and occupies a very advantageous geographical position.

В городе Шымкент запущен электронный портал «Meyirim», который направлен на организацию социальной помощи малообеспеченным семьям посредством электронного портала.

An electronic portal «Meyirim» was launched in Shymkent, which is aimed at organizing social assistance to low-income families through an electronic portal.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 509. Точных совпадений: 509. Затраченное время: 89 мс

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Shymkent overview

Shymkent (also spelled Chimkent, Cimkent) is a city located in southern Kazakhstan, in the valley of the Sayram River at the foothills of Ugam Range at an altitude of 1,680 feet (512 m).

June 19, 2018, by decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the South Kazakhstan region was renamed to Turkistan, and its administrative center was moved from Shymkent to Turkistan. Shymkent was removed from the South Kazakhstan region and received the status of a city of republican significance (a separate administrative unit, equal to the region).

Shymkent has the population of about 1,011,000 (2018).

Shymkent phone code — +7 7252; postal code — 160000.

Shymkent history

The settlement in the area of current Shymkent existed at the edge of 11th-12th centuries. There is a hypothesis about earlier formation of Shymkent. The idea is based on archaeological excavations in which some burial places were found and specialists refer them to 5th-6th centuries.

For centuries Shymkent settlement was devastated by aggressive invaders. In early 13th century Genghis Khan’s army went through Sairamsky oasis which became a part of the territory belonging to the conqueror’s descendants. In the 14th century, Timur included it into his state as a result of successful military actions against Ak Horde and Golden Horde khans.

In the early 16th century, Shymkent became part of Kazakh khanate, later within the 17th-18th centuries it was invaded by Dzhungar conquerors. In spite of numerous wars badly affecting the population Sairamsky oasis remained a region of developed agriculture, gardening and handicrafts.

At the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century, Kokand and Bukhara khanates struggled for possessing Shymkent. In 1810-1864s, the town was a military camp-fortress ruled by Kokand with a numerous army and a khan deputy’s residence.

In 1864, Shymkent was successfully attacked by Russian army and became an important transit point linking European part of Russia and Western Siberia with Middle Asia. In 1914, in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Kazakhstan’s joining Russian Empire, the city was named after Russian general Chernyaeyv, but in 1924 its ex-name was returned to the city.

In 1930s a lead plant was constructed in Shymkent city. It produced 70% of all the lead made in the USSR. During World War II 17 industrial plants were evacuated to Shymkent. After the war, in 1950-1980s the city economy was growing rapidly.

Shymkent views

Shymkent economy

Today, Shymkent is the third largest city of Kazakhstan and a major industrial and cultural center, as well as an important railway junction.

Shymkent city has large lead, automatic press, and cement works, with chemical (processing phosphates from Karatau), food, and light industries.

Shymkent attractions

Shymkent is a good place to stop to explore ancient cities of Otyrar, Turkestan and Sayram.

Shymkent is the city with a high proportion of Kazakh population. Under Tamerlaine’s reign Shymkent was the most powerful trading center of Kazakhstan, an important staging post on Great Silk Road.

Located near the border with Uzbekistan, Shymkent city still engages in trade and has a booming bazaar open from 8 a.m. till 8 p.m. Shymkent is a good stopping place between Tashkent and Almaty also as a jumping-off point for Otrar, Turkistan, and Aksu-Zhabaghly nature reserve.

There are 8 parks in Shymkent city, 3 of them were formed in mid-19th and early 20th centuries. There is a philharmonic society named after Sh.Kaldayakov in the city.

Unique exhibits of the epoch of Kangyui State are exposed at the regional museum of local study founded in 1920. An old Asiatic quarter still remains in the city.

A park named after Abai, a water park, an ethnographical park “Ken-baba” are very popular among children and grown-ups. There is a children’s railway 6 km long which links the northern part of Shymkent city with an arboretum, a zoo and a hippodrome.

There are the following theaters in Shymkent: South Kazakhstan regional Russian drama theater, South Kazakhstan regional Kazakh drama theater named after D.Shanin, Opera and Ballet Theater of South Kazakhstan oblast, Satire and Humor Theater of South Kazakhstan region and Puppet Theater of South Kazakhstan region.

Shymkent has been attracting travelers and scientists for a long time. As the city is the regional center of South Kazakhstan oblast all tourist routes start in the city. There are such types of tours as historical places, exotic places, hunting and fishing, mountain tourism. In South Kazakhstan there are saint places and architectural constructions which are visited by pilgrims.

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Shymkent, Kazakhstan

The third largest city in the country – Shymkent is in the south of Kazakhstan. This is one of the largest industrial and commercial centers of the Republic, located relatively close to the borders with Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as their capitals — Tashkent and Bishkek.

In 2011, Shymkent was voted «Best City in the CIS», according to the assessment of the International Assembly of Capitals and Cities.

Until 1992 the city was called in Russian — Chimkent. Consonant with the name Shymkent, it reveals its etymology as a «green city». In Turkic «Chim» or «Shym» means «turf», «meadow,» and Kent stands for the «city».

The history of the city totals eight centuries: it is assumed that a settlement on the site of the present city emerged in the 11-12th centuries. The first written mention of the city dates back to the 15th century, when the Persian historian and poet, Sharaf al-Din Yazdi described in his book Zafar Nahme military campaigns of Amir Temur (Tamerlane).

However, even in the beginning of the 13th century, the city and surrounding territory was conquered by Genghis Khan. During its existence, Shymkent, as a significant commercial and agricultural center, was occupied several times, and was constantly a subject to invasions. In the 19th century the city was captured by Russian troops and became an important transit point between Russia and Central Asia.

In the 20th century, Shymkent was formed as an industrial center of South Kazakhstan, and in the second half of the century marked a rapid growth. To date, the city has about 70 plants, factories and other industrial enterprises.

Along with industrial and commercial development, the city population also grew. Today, there are officially 650,000 people in Shymkent, but the actual number of citizens is probably larger. It is expected that in the next decade the population of Shymkent will exceed one million. In terms of ethnic composition, the population can be subdivided into four groups: Kazakhs (65%), Russian (15%), Uzbeks (14%) and others (6%).

Culture of Shymkent grows as well as other areas of life. 19 national cultural centers often organize folk festivals in the parks of the city. There is philharmonic hall, art gallery, museum, library, various theaters, and in 2011 opened a circus.

Tourism value of Shymkent is quite large: it is a large city with a developed infrastructure, it is a hub connecting Tashkent, Bishkek and the northern region of Kazakhstan. In addition, it has developed ecological tourism and mountaineering, and there are good hunting and fishing sites. In addition, the city and its surroundings are not deprived of various historical and architectural attractions. All this, together with the mild climate makes Shymkent an attractive point of in any tourist route to Central Asia.

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