Тверк танец как пишется

Русский[править]

Морфологические и синтаксические свойства[править]

тверк

Существительное, неодушевлённое, мужской род, 2-е склонение (тип склонения 3a по классификации А. А. Зализняка).

Корень: -тверк-.

Произношение[править]

• МФА: [tvʲerk]

Семантические свойства[править]

Значение[править]

1. неол. танец или его элемент с характерными движениями ягодиц ◆ Когда-то давно, в другой жизни, ещё до эпидемии, накрыла родину странная мода: девушки полюбили тверк. Специальный такой танец, требующий умения активно двигать задом. Иван Давыдов, «Тверк, свобода и шашлык» // «МБХ Медиа», 31 марта 2020 г.

Синонимы[править]

1. тверкинг

Антонимы[править]

1. —

Гиперонимы[править]

1. танец

Гипонимы[править]

1. ?

Родственные слова[править]

Этимология[править]

От англ. twerk.

Фразеологизмы и устойчивые сочетания[править]

Перевод[править]

Библиография[править]

• Словарь перемен 2015–2016 / Сост. М. Вишневецкая. — М. : Три квадрата, 2018. — С. 42. — ISBN 978-5-94607-230-5.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Twerking (; possibly from ‘to work’) is a type of dance that came out of the bounce music scene of New Orleans in the late 1980s. Individually performed chiefly but not exclusively by women,^[1][2] performers dance to popular music in a sexually provocative manner involving throwing or thrusting their hips back or shaking their buttocks, often in a low squatting stance.^[3] Twerking is part of a larger set of characteristic moves unique to the New Orleans style of hip-hop known as «bounce».^[4] Moves include «mixing», «exercising», the «bend over», the «shoulder hustle», «clapping», «booty clapping», «booty poppin», and «the wild wood»—all recognized as booty shaking or bounce.^[5][6] Twerking is but one choreographic gesture within bounce.

As a tradition shaped by local aid and pleasure clubs, block parties and second lines,^[7] the dance was central to «a historical situating of sissy bounce—bounce music as performed by artists from the New Orleans African-American community that [led to] a meteoric rise in popularity post-[Hurricane Katrina after 2005].»^[8] In the 90s, twerking had widespread appeal in black party culture throughout the hip-hop/rap region known as The Dirty South, including New Orleans, Memphis, Virginia Beach, Miami, Atlanta, and Houston.^[7][8] In 2013, it became the top «what is» search on the Google search engine^[9] following pop artist Miley Cyrus performing the dance at the MTV Video Music Awards.

Etymology[edit]

The Oxford English Dictionary defines an 18th-century use of the word as a blend of «twist» and «jerk» (or «twitch»), which was reported by the BBC in conjunction with the black cultural context, but this seems to be an erroneous connection or a false cognate.^[10]

The Oxford Dictionaries blog states, «the most likely theory is that it is an alteration of work, because that word has a history of being used in similar ways, with dancers being encouraged to «work it».^[11] Local bounce practitioners attribute the term to a contraction of «to work» («t’work»; or, spelled as it’s pronounced, «twerk»).^[12][13]

The earliest use of the word is unclear, but according to Tyler Vendetti, «Twerk has technically been around since the 1820s, first appearing in the form twirk. The word is said to have originated from the inner-city of New Orleans and was used frequently in New Orleans bounce music by rappers and DJ hosting block parties in the housing projects.^[14] On record, the 1993 song «Do the Jubilee All» by DJ Jubilee — which contains the lyrics «Twerk baby, twerk baby, twerk, twerk, twerk» — has been cited as its earliest use.^[15][16][17] However, a possible earlier use is in Funkadelic’s 1979 song (Not Just) Knee Deep, which contains the lyrics «It didn’t twerk, no» (often misquoted as «It didn’t work, no») at 1 minutes 20 seconds.

The word became popular in the 2000s, when it was used by Atlanta rapper Lil Jon and The East Side Boys.^[18] A Google Trends search reveals that interest in the word «twerk» arose in November 2011.^[19]

The Oxford English Dictionary defines twerking as dancing «in a sexually provocative manner, using thrusting movements of the bottom and hips while in a low, squatting stance».^[20] Merriam-Webster gives the definition as a «sexually suggestive dancing characterized by rapid, repeated hip thrusts and shaking of the buttocks especially while squatting».^[21]

Twerk dance[edit]

In 1990, the introduction of bounce music into the New Orleans music scene brought along the dance.^[14] In 1992, Panama singer Renato recorded the videoclip «El más sensual» (the most sexy), a reggae song with the twerking dance.^[22]

The diffusion of the dance phenomenon began earlier via local parties and eventually strip clubs often associated with mainstream rap music and video production aired by video cable television shows that featured rap music and R&B music. Popular video-sharing platforms such as YouTube amplified interest since the advent of digital social media.^[23]

Twerking can also be seen in Destiny’s Child’s 2001 video Bootylicious, in 2003 Beyoncé’s video Crazy in Love and in Eminem’s 2005 in Ass Like That video.

Rise to national attention[edit]

Twerking first received national recognition in the United States in the early 2000s, when the song «Whistle While You Twurk» (2000), by Southern hip hop duo Ying Yang Twins, peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs component chart. It was later referenced in their later track «Say I Yi Yi» (2002), in which the lyrics «she got her hands up on her knees and her elbows on her thighs / she like to twerk and that’s for certain I can tell that she fly» are heard. The chorus of Silkk the Shocker’s 2001 song «That’s Cool» features the line «Somebody that’s off the chain / who could twerk that thang.”

Girl group Destiny’s Child was the first mainstream artist to use the word in a song in their song «Jumpin’ Jumpin'». In 2005 Beyoncé use the word and dance on her song and video Check on It^[24]

In 2013, the dance became a viral sensation beyond black culture. Miley Cyrus used the dance in a video that was uploaded first on Facebook and then YouTube in March.^[25] Though twerking began trending as a web search in November 2011, and despite its origins in the bounce culture of New Orleans in the late 1980s, the word twerk would be added to the Oxford Dictionary Online^[26] and attributed to Cyrus following her appearance at the MTV VMA Awards in August 2013. It became the number one «what is» Google search that year^[27] as those outside the culture questioned the popularity of the dance. The word was a runner-up to «selfie» in the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2013.^[28]

Billboard charts[edit]

In 2006, the song «Pop, Lock & Drop It», by American rapper Huey, reached number six on the US Billboard Hot 100. Also in 2006, the hit single «SexyBack», by American pop singer Justin Timberlake, featuring Timbaland, from the former’s second studio album Futuresex/Lovesounds, featured Timbaland rapping the lyrics «Let me see what you’re twerking with / Go ahead, be gone with it, Look at those hips».

The 2012 single «Bandz a Make Her Dance» by Juicy J contains the lyric «Start twerking when she hear her song»,^[29] while French Montana questions the ability of a girl to twerk by asking «What you twerkin’ with?» in his 2012 single «Pop That» featuring fellow rappers Drake, Lil Wayne and Rick Ross.^[30] The aforementioned songs, along with «Express Yourself» by Nicky Da B and Diplo, «made twerking the most popular dance move since the Dougie».^[31] In 2014, «Anaconda» by Nicki Minaj peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, which references twerking many times.

In November 2018, the City Girls released a song called «Twerk» featuring Cardi B which peaked on the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 29. The lyrics to the song («Twerk-twerk-twerk-twerk-twerk-twerk with her») is self-explanatory as to how the City Girls wanted to grab the attention of their female audience.^[32] The music video has over 200 million views on YouTube as of June 2022.^[33]

In the media[edit]

Vanessa Z. Schneider twerks as one of her automatic fire animations in the 2003 third-person shooter P.N.03.^[34]

In 2011, the Twerk Team, a group of female dancers from Atlanta who have posted several videos of themselves twerking on YouTube, were mentioned during the song «Round of Applause» by Waka Flocka Flame featuring Drake, in the line «Bounce that ass, shake that ass like the Twerk Team».^[35] Australian rapper Iggy Azalea has incorporated twerking into her live shows since 2011.^[36][37] In July 2012, during the Workaholics episode «The Lord’s Force», Anders Holm says «Let’s just, uh, put on some twerk videos or something, right?».^[38]

In March 2013, American pop singer Miley Cyrus posted a video on Facebook which featured her performing a twerking routine while wearing a unicorn suit, to the 2011 single «Wop» by J. Dash. The popularity of the video, along with parodies and responses made by fans, influenced the song’s re-emergence on the Billboard Hot 100.^[39] Miley Cyrus’s «Wop» video would go to become viral. By April 9, 2013, copies of the video had amassed over 4 million views on YouTube. Also in March 2013, Mollie King, an English singer-songwriter and lead vocalist of British-Irish girl group The Saturdays, was seen twerking when her bandmate Rochelle Humes uploaded the footage on YouTube.^[40] American actress and singer Vanessa Hudgens was also seen twerking in March on American late-night talk show The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.^[41] In September 2013, Hudgens was later seen twerking, this time to the song «Bubble Butt», during her performance at Bootsy Bellows in West Hollywood, with her girl group YLA.^[42][43] Hudgens was again seen twerking in a video for Shade 45’s radio show Sway in the Morning.^[44][45] American actress and singer Ashley Tisdale can also be seen twerking in a video for Shade 45’s radio show Sway in the Morning.^[46][47]

On July 9, 2013, a video was posted on the Twitter-owned video sharing service Vine entitled «Twerk Team», which featured a group of five women provocatively twerking to «Don’t Drop That Thun Thun». The clip was shared by users over 100,000 times, and users created their own responses and parodies featuring the song, collected under the hashtags «#dontdropthat» and «#thunthun». The viral popularity of the Vine clips led to an unexpected increase in sales for the song; prior to the posting of the «Twerk Team» clip, only 4,000 copies of the song had been sold; in the following weeks, sales went up to 34,000, then to over 72,000. By late July, «Don’t Drop That Thun Thun» had reached #5 on Billboard‘s R&B/Hip-Hop Digital Songs chart, and it eventually peaked at #35 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.^[48]

Both «Wop» and «Don’t Drop That Thun Thun» have been cited as examples of how viral and user-created videos can bring renewed interest to songs; Spin writer Jordan Sargent considered «Wop» to be rap music’s «Harlem Shake moment», but not a meme to the same extent as it.^[48][49] In April 2013, American rapper Danny Brown released the song «Express Yourself», inspired by music producer Diplo’s song of the same name. The song, produced by Trampy, features a fast-paced electronic beat and is a composition about the popular dance craze twerking.^[50] Brown dedicated the song «to all the ladies that like to turn up and have fun,» in which he raps «Toes on the wall and her ass in the air / And she twerk that thing like she ain’t have a care».^[51][52]

In the music video for Barbadian singer Rihanna’s single «Pour It Up», which was released in May 2013, the singer can be seen twerking.^[53] In June 2013, American rapper Busta Rhymes released a Jamaican dancehall-inspired single titled «Twerk It», featuring Nicki Minaj, who has been featured on several other «twerking songs», including «Shakin’ It 4 Daddy» by Robin Thicke, «Dance (A$$)» by Big Sean and «Clappers» by Wale. Minaj can be seen twerking in all four of the aforementioned songs’ respective music videos. Minaj can also be seen twerking in the music videos for American rapper Nelly’s single «Get Like Me» and American singer Ciara’s single «I’m Out».^[54][55] In August 2013, the song «Twerk», by Lil Twist, featuring pop singers Miley Cyrus and Justin Bieber, was leaked online.^[56]

On July 14, 2013, Showtime broadcast Season 1 Episode 3 of the series Ray Donovan, entitled «Twerk», in which actor Jon Voight’s character enters a college library and pays a student to give up his computer terminal so that he can watch online videos of women twerking.^[57] A YouTube video of the scene has more than 38,000views.^[58]

In August 2013, Juicy J announced via Twitter that he would give out a $50,000 scholarship for the girl who can twerk the best. The competition is inspired by the track «Scholarship» on his third album Stay Trippy, which contains the lyric «Keep twerking baby, might earn you a scholarship.»^[59] In early September 2013, a video titled «Worst Twerk Fail EVER — Girl Catches Fire!», began circulating around online; the video went on to become viral with over 9 million views, and received media coverage. The following week, American comedian and television host Jimmy Kimmel revealed the video was a hoax that he and his team had devised, on Jimmy Kimmel Live!.^[60][61][62] In April 2014, the video won the Webby Award for best viral clip of the year.^[63]

Also in September, «Twerk» from the MTV VMA show was named the Top Television Word of the Year (Teleword) of the 2012–2013 TV season by the Global Language Monitor. In October 2013, American actress Beth Behrs, of American television sitcom 2 Broke Girls, was seen twerking on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.^[64][65] Behrs was later seen twerking to the 1992 hit «Baby Got Back», in January 2014, during the 40th annual awards ceremony of the People’s Choice Awards, which she hosted alongside her co-star Kat Dennings.^[66][67] The fifth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee, which aired November 13, 2013 and was titled «The End of Twerk», revolved around the twerking phenomenon.^[68] The seventh episode of the second season of the American reality television series Bad Girls All-Star Battle, which aired February 25, 2014 and was titled «Twerk It Out», featured the contestants twerking as fast as possible with pedometers on their back.^[69]

In August 2013, American recording artist Miley Cyrus, generated controversy following a sexually provocative performance during the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards, in which Cyrus twerked during a medley of her track «We Can’t Stop», «Blurred Lines» and «Give It 2 U» by Robin Thicke.^[70] Cyrus also received criticism for «stealing» African American culture, also known as cultural appropriation.^[71]

In August 2014, American recording artist Taylor Swift, featured twerking in the music video to her single «Shake It Off».^[72] This caused some controversy with American rapper Earl Sweatshirt saying that the video was «perpetuating stereotypes».^[73]

In October 2017, Valerie Dixon who was 27 years old, was arrested in Lake County, Florida, because she was twerking and speaking foul language in front of a school bus. Other arrests in Florida for electric twerking in public include the video blogger Carmel Kitten and two unnamed Canadian tourists.^[74]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• A Complete History of Twerking (1993-2013) at the Wayback Machine (archived January 2, 2015)
• Let’s Talk About The Female MCs Who Shaped Hip-Hop
• A Brief History of Twerking

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Twerking (; possibly from ‘to work’) is a type of dance that came out of the bounce music scene of New Orleans in the late 1980s. Individually performed chiefly but not exclusively by women,^[1][2] performers dance to popular music in a sexually provocative manner involving throwing or thrusting their hips back or shaking their buttocks, often in a low squatting stance.^[3] Twerking is part of a larger set of characteristic moves unique to the New Orleans style of hip-hop known as «bounce».^[4] Moves include «mixing», «exercising», the «bend over», the «shoulder hustle», «clapping», «booty clapping», «booty poppin», and «the wild wood»—all recognized as booty shaking or bounce.^[5][6] Twerking is but one choreographic gesture within bounce.

As a tradition shaped by local aid and pleasure clubs, block parties and second lines,^[7] the dance was central to «a historical situating of sissy bounce—bounce music as performed by artists from the New Orleans African-American community that [led to] a meteoric rise in popularity post-[Hurricane Katrina after 2005].»^[8] In the 90s, twerking had widespread appeal in black party culture throughout the hip-hop/rap region known as The Dirty South, including New Orleans, Memphis, Virginia Beach, Miami, Atlanta, and Houston.^[7][8] In 2013, it became the top «what is» search on the Google search engine^[9] following pop artist Miley Cyrus performing the dance at the MTV Video Music Awards.

Etymology[edit]

The Oxford English Dictionary defines an 18th-century use of the word as a blend of «twist» and «jerk» (or «twitch»), which was reported by the BBC in conjunction with the black cultural context, but this seems to be an erroneous connection or a false cognate.^[10]

The Oxford Dictionaries blog states, «the most likely theory is that it is an alteration of work, because that word has a history of being used in similar ways, with dancers being encouraged to «work it».^[11] Local bounce practitioners attribute the term to a contraction of «to work» («t’work»; or, spelled as it’s pronounced, «twerk»).^[12][13]

The earliest use of the word is unclear, but according to Tyler Vendetti, «Twerk has technically been around since the 1820s, first appearing in the form twirk. The word is said to have originated from the inner-city of New Orleans and was used frequently in New Orleans bounce music by rappers and DJ hosting block parties in the housing projects.^[14] On record, the 1993 song «Do the Jubilee All» by DJ Jubilee — which contains the lyrics «Twerk baby, twerk baby, twerk, twerk, twerk» — has been cited as its earliest use.^[15][16][17] However, a possible earlier use is in Funkadelic’s 1979 song (Not Just) Knee Deep, which contains the lyrics «It didn’t twerk, no» (often misquoted as «It didn’t work, no») at 1 minutes 20 seconds.

The word became popular in the 2000s, when it was used by Atlanta rapper Lil Jon and The East Side Boys.^[18] A Google Trends search reveals that interest in the word «twerk» arose in November 2011.^[19]

The Oxford English Dictionary defines twerking as dancing «in a sexually provocative manner, using thrusting movements of the bottom and hips while in a low, squatting stance».^[20] Merriam-Webster gives the definition as a «sexually suggestive dancing characterized by rapid, repeated hip thrusts and shaking of the buttocks especially while squatting».^[21]

Twerk dance[edit]

In 1990, the introduction of bounce music into the New Orleans music scene brought along the dance.^[14] In 1992, Panama singer Renato recorded the videoclip «El más sensual» (the most sexy), a reggae song with the twerking dance.^[22]

The diffusion of the dance phenomenon began earlier via local parties and eventually strip clubs often associated with mainstream rap music and video production aired by video cable television shows that featured rap music and R&B music. Popular video-sharing platforms such as YouTube amplified interest since the advent of digital social media.^[23]

Twerking can also be seen in Destiny’s Child’s 2001 video Bootylicious, in 2003 Beyoncé’s video Crazy in Love and in Eminem’s 2005 in Ass Like That video.

Rise to national attention[edit]

Twerking first received national recognition in the United States in the early 2000s, when the song «Whistle While You Twurk» (2000), by Southern hip hop duo Ying Yang Twins, peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs component chart. It was later referenced in their later track «Say I Yi Yi» (2002), in which the lyrics «she got her hands up on her knees and her elbows on her thighs / she like to twerk and that’s for certain I can tell that she fly» are heard. The chorus of Silkk the Shocker’s 2001 song «That’s Cool» features the line «Somebody that’s off the chain / who could twerk that thang.”

Girl group Destiny’s Child was the first mainstream artist to use the word in a song in their song «Jumpin’ Jumpin'». In 2005 Beyoncé use the word and dance on her song and video Check on It^[24]

In 2013, the dance became a viral sensation beyond black culture. Miley Cyrus used the dance in a video that was uploaded first on Facebook and then YouTube in March.^[25] Though twerking began trending as a web search in November 2011, and despite its origins in the bounce culture of New Orleans in the late 1980s, the word twerk would be added to the Oxford Dictionary Online^[26] and attributed to Cyrus following her appearance at the MTV VMA Awards in August 2013. It became the number one «what is» Google search that year^[27] as those outside the culture questioned the popularity of the dance. The word was a runner-up to «selfie» in the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2013.^[28]

Billboard charts[edit]

In 2006, the song «Pop, Lock & Drop It», by American rapper Huey, reached number six on the US Billboard Hot 100. Also in 2006, the hit single «SexyBack», by American pop singer Justin Timberlake, featuring Timbaland, from the former’s second studio album Futuresex/Lovesounds, featured Timbaland rapping the lyrics «Let me see what you’re twerking with / Go ahead, be gone with it, Look at those hips».

The 2012 single «Bandz a Make Her Dance» by Juicy J contains the lyric «Start twerking when she hear her song»,^[29] while French Montana questions the ability of a girl to twerk by asking «What you twerkin’ with?» in his 2012 single «Pop That» featuring fellow rappers Drake, Lil Wayne and Rick Ross.^[30] The aforementioned songs, along with «Express Yourself» by Nicky Da B and Diplo, «made twerking the most popular dance move since the Dougie».^[31] In 2014, «Anaconda» by Nicki Minaj peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, which references twerking many times.

In November 2018, the City Girls released a song called «Twerk» featuring Cardi B which peaked on the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 29. The lyrics to the song («Twerk-twerk-twerk-twerk-twerk-twerk with her») is self-explanatory as to how the City Girls wanted to grab the attention of their female audience.^[32] The music video has over 200 million views on YouTube as of June 2022.^[33]

In the media[edit]

Vanessa Z. Schneider twerks as one of her automatic fire animations in the 2003 third-person shooter P.N.03.^[34]

In 2011, the Twerk Team, a group of female dancers from Atlanta who have posted several videos of themselves twerking on YouTube, were mentioned during the song «Round of Applause» by Waka Flocka Flame featuring Drake, in the line «Bounce that ass, shake that ass like the Twerk Team».^[35] Australian rapper Iggy Azalea has incorporated twerking into her live shows since 2011.^[36][37] In July 2012, during the Workaholics episode «The Lord’s Force», Anders Holm says «Let’s just, uh, put on some twerk videos or something, right?».^[38]

In March 2013, American pop singer Miley Cyrus posted a video on Facebook which featured her performing a twerking routine while wearing a unicorn suit, to the 2011 single «Wop» by J. Dash. The popularity of the video, along with parodies and responses made by fans, influenced the song’s re-emergence on the Billboard Hot 100.^[39] Miley Cyrus’s «Wop» video would go to become viral. By April 9, 2013, copies of the video had amassed over 4 million views on YouTube. Also in March 2013, Mollie King, an English singer-songwriter and lead vocalist of British-Irish girl group The Saturdays, was seen twerking when her bandmate Rochelle Humes uploaded the footage on YouTube.^[40] American actress and singer Vanessa Hudgens was also seen twerking in March on American late-night talk show The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.^[41] In September 2013, Hudgens was later seen twerking, this time to the song «Bubble Butt», during her performance at Bootsy Bellows in West Hollywood, with her girl group YLA.^[42][43] Hudgens was again seen twerking in a video for Shade 45’s radio show Sway in the Morning.^[44][45] American actress and singer Ashley Tisdale can also be seen twerking in a video for Shade 45’s radio show Sway in the Morning.^[46][47]

On July 9, 2013, a video was posted on the Twitter-owned video sharing service Vine entitled «Twerk Team», which featured a group of five women provocatively twerking to «Don’t Drop That Thun Thun». The clip was shared by users over 100,000 times, and users created their own responses and parodies featuring the song, collected under the hashtags «#dontdropthat» and «#thunthun». The viral popularity of the Vine clips led to an unexpected increase in sales for the song; prior to the posting of the «Twerk Team» clip, only 4,000 copies of the song had been sold; in the following weeks, sales went up to 34,000, then to over 72,000. By late July, «Don’t Drop That Thun Thun» had reached #5 on Billboard‘s R&B/Hip-Hop Digital Songs chart, and it eventually peaked at #35 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.^[48]

Both «Wop» and «Don’t Drop That Thun Thun» have been cited as examples of how viral and user-created videos can bring renewed interest to songs; Spin writer Jordan Sargent considered «Wop» to be rap music’s «Harlem Shake moment», but not a meme to the same extent as it.^[48][49] In April 2013, American rapper Danny Brown released the song «Express Yourself», inspired by music producer Diplo’s song of the same name. The song, produced by Trampy, features a fast-paced electronic beat and is a composition about the popular dance craze twerking.^[50] Brown dedicated the song «to all the ladies that like to turn up and have fun,» in which he raps «Toes on the wall and her ass in the air / And she twerk that thing like she ain’t have a care».^[51][52]

In the music video for Barbadian singer Rihanna’s single «Pour It Up», which was released in May 2013, the singer can be seen twerking.^[53] In June 2013, American rapper Busta Rhymes released a Jamaican dancehall-inspired single titled «Twerk It», featuring Nicki Minaj, who has been featured on several other «twerking songs», including «Shakin’ It 4 Daddy» by Robin Thicke, «Dance (A$$)» by Big Sean and «Clappers» by Wale. Minaj can be seen twerking in all four of the aforementioned songs’ respective music videos. Minaj can also be seen twerking in the music videos for American rapper Nelly’s single «Get Like Me» and American singer Ciara’s single «I’m Out».^[54][55] In August 2013, the song «Twerk», by Lil Twist, featuring pop singers Miley Cyrus and Justin Bieber, was leaked online.^[56]

On July 14, 2013, Showtime broadcast Season 1 Episode 3 of the series Ray Donovan, entitled «Twerk», in which actor Jon Voight’s character enters a college library and pays a student to give up his computer terminal so that he can watch online videos of women twerking.^[57] A YouTube video of the scene has more than 38,000views.^[58]

In August 2013, Juicy J announced via Twitter that he would give out a $50,000 scholarship for the girl who can twerk the best. The competition is inspired by the track «Scholarship» on his third album Stay Trippy, which contains the lyric «Keep twerking baby, might earn you a scholarship.»^[59] In early September 2013, a video titled «Worst Twerk Fail EVER — Girl Catches Fire!», began circulating around online; the video went on to become viral with over 9 million views, and received media coverage. The following week, American comedian and television host Jimmy Kimmel revealed the video was a hoax that he and his team had devised, on Jimmy Kimmel Live!.^[60][61][62] In April 2014, the video won the Webby Award for best viral clip of the year.^[63]

Also in September, «Twerk» from the MTV VMA show was named the Top Television Word of the Year (Teleword) of the 2012–2013 TV season by the Global Language Monitor. In October 2013, American actress Beth Behrs, of American television sitcom 2 Broke Girls, was seen twerking on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.^[64][65] Behrs was later seen twerking to the 1992 hit «Baby Got Back», in January 2014, during the 40th annual awards ceremony of the People’s Choice Awards, which she hosted alongside her co-star Kat Dennings.^[66][67] The fifth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee, which aired November 13, 2013 and was titled «The End of Twerk», revolved around the twerking phenomenon.^[68] The seventh episode of the second season of the American reality television series Bad Girls All-Star Battle, which aired February 25, 2014 and was titled «Twerk It Out», featured the contestants twerking as fast as possible with pedometers on their back.^[69]

In August 2013, American recording artist Miley Cyrus, generated controversy following a sexually provocative performance during the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards, in which Cyrus twerked during a medley of her track «We Can’t Stop», «Blurred Lines» and «Give It 2 U» by Robin Thicke.^[70] Cyrus also received criticism for «stealing» African American culture, also known as cultural appropriation.^[71]

In August 2014, American recording artist Taylor Swift, featured twerking in the music video to her single «Shake It Off».^[72] This caused some controversy with American rapper Earl Sweatshirt saying that the video was «perpetuating stereotypes».^[73]

In October 2017, Valerie Dixon who was 27 years old, was arrested in Lake County, Florida, because she was twerking and speaking foul language in front of a school bus. Other arrests in Florida for electric twerking in public include the video blogger Carmel Kitten and two unnamed Canadian tourists.^[74]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• A Complete History of Twerking (1993-2013) at the Wayback Machine (archived January 2, 2015)
• Let’s Talk About The Female MCs Who Shaped Hip-Hop
• A Brief History of Twerking

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Тверк (или тверкинг), известный также как бути-дэнс (booty dance) и бути-шейк (booty shake), – это популярный в последние годы стиль танца. В его основе лежат энергичные движения ягодицами, бедрами, мышцами живота и поясницы. Необычный танец помогает накачать нижнюю часть тела, укрепить связки, улучшить подвижность суставов, развить выносливость, сформировать красивую женственную фигуру. Занятия бути-дэнсом повышают уверенность в своей сексуальности и просто заряжают энергией.

Что такое тверк – история возникновения и особенности танца

В непрофессиональных кругах twerking известен как «танец попой», и такая формулировка в полной мере описывает его характер. Танцевальные элементы и связки, включающие интенсивную тряску ягодицами, вращения бедрами, ритмичные покачивания тазом, выполняются под зажигательную быструю музыку.

Танец имеет западно-африканские корни, в нем много элементов, присутствующих в традиционных национальных плясках жителей жаркого континента. В современном виде он получил распространение в конце XX века. Известность тверкингу принесла группа афроамериканских исполнительниц «The Twerk Team» – они популяризировали это направление, выкладывая групповые выступления на своем YouTube-канале.

Настоящую моду на энергичные, сексуальные движения пятой точкой ввела певица Майли Сайрус. После ее выступлений новый танец вышел на пик популярности. Сейчас он входит в число наиболее трендовых направлений, ему учат во многих танцевальных студиях, фитнес-центрах.

Польза и вред тверкинга

Занятия тверком положительно влияют на состояние здоровья и общую физическую подготовку девушки. Вот только некоторые плюсы практики twerk в фитнесе:

• Укрепление сердечно-сосудистой системы – энергичные движения в высоком темпе дают значительную кардионагрузку.
• Улучшение кровообращения органов малого таза, что является хорошей профилактикой развития женских заболеваний, а также облегчает болезненные ощущения во время менструации.
• Регуляция работы пищеварительной системы – после активных тренировок организм работает как часы.
• Избавление от проявлений целлюлита – специфичные вращательно-встряхивающие движения не дают откладываться подкожному жиру.
• Эффективное похудение – благодаря улучшению кровообращения, ускорению метаболизма, сжиганию лишних жировых тканей.

На тренировках по тверку хорошо подкачиваются мышцы ягодиц и внутренней поверхности бедер, которые в обычной жизни редко работают в полную силу. Благодаря этому ноги, попа, живот и линия талии становятся стройными, подтянутыми, с хорошо прорисованной мускулатурой. Также повышается тонус кожи, она становится более упругой.

Заниматься тверкингом можно при различной физической подготовке. Однако специфика движений требует от исполнительницы достаточно сильной выносливости, поэтому могут понадобиться дополнительные тренировки для укрепления мышц ног, бедер, ягодиц, спины.

Из-за значительной нагрузки на суставы тверком не рекомендуется заниматься людям с проблемами позвоночника или заболеваниями коленных суставов (бурситы, артриты). Также стоит отказаться от тренировок во время беременности.

Разновидности тверка – основные движения и способы выполнения

Тверкинг только внешне кажется простым танцем, на деле же просто невозможно «тверкать» без специальной подготовки и длительных тренировок с многократной проработкой элементов. Тверк состоит из базовых движений, от правильности выполнения которых зависит красота и эффектность выступления танцовщицы.

В базовом варианте исполнения тверка ноги нужно расставить на ширине плеч (не шире и не уже), а колени слегка согнуть. Таз при этом выставляется назад, спина остается прямой. Танцевальные элементы выполняются за счет работы поясничного отдела позвоночника, ягодичных мышц и ног. Верхняя часть туловища не должна повторять движения, танцует исключительно попа.

При исполнении танца twerk используются следующие элементы:

• Классический шейк – выполняются за счет резких ритмичных движений поясничным отделом, при этом ягодицы резко выбрасываются вверх и опускаются вниз.
• Быстрая тряска – интенсивные движения ягодицами и бедрами с легким раскачиванием в стороны.
• Спиннер – круговые вращения тазом, при котором ягодицы прорисовывают круги в вертикальной плоскости.
• Мигание – попеременная работа ягодичными мышцами, когда одна сторона напрягается, а другая расслабляется. Это сложный элемент, исполнение которого говорит о профессионализме танцовщицы.
• Восьмерка – ритмичные вращения таза с потряхиванием ягодиц. При них хорошо прорабатывается зона поясницы, бока.
• Удары бедрами – резкие движения с четкой фиксацией положения тела.
• Полная изоляция верхней половины туловища при активно работающей нижней части.

В зависимости от положения тела различают несколько вариантов исполнения тверка. В композиции может использоваться только один способ или комбинация из нескольких положений. Танцевать бути-дэнс можно следующим образом:

• в полуприседе, на полусогнутых ногах;
• стоя, с ровными ногами;
• сидя на корточках;
• на коленях, в позе «лягушка» с упором рук в пол;
• в поперечном шпагате;
• в стойке на руках или на голове.

Тверк можно танцевать самостоятельно или коллективно. Уровень групповых выступлений напрямую зависит от синхронности и четкости выполнения каждого движения, поэтому важно отрабатывать чистоту каждого элемента. Танцевальные связки отрабатываются под музыку. Тренер выстраивает хореографию, а также контролирует технику исполнения, правильность выражения экспрессивного характера танца.

Тверк для начинающих – на что обратить внимание

Чтобы занятия были безопасными, нужно соблюдать порядок тренировки:

1. Разминка – на ней мышцы хорошо разогреваются, подготавливаясь к дальнейшим нагрузкам.
2. Собственно танцевальная часть, репетиция хореографической композиции под музыкальный трек.
3. Оттачивание отдельных элементов тверка и танцевальных связок.
4. Растяжка – заключительный этап, необходимый для расслабления мышц, восстановления дыхания.

Новичкам лучше начинать с базовых элементов (тряска ягодицами, вращение бедрами, прогибы поясницы) и классического положения тела – ноги на ширине плеч, колени полусогнуты, стопы твердо стоят на полу. Руки можно поместить на колени, это поможет держать спину прямой, а плечи неподвижными.

Танцевальные уроки обязательно нужно проводить у большого зеркала – так вы сможете контролировать правильность выполнения движений. Также важно позаботится о специальной спортивной одежде.

Форма одежды для тренировок и выступлений

Одежда для бути-дэнса должна быть красивой и удобной, не сковывающей движений. Для экипировки лучше всего выбрать:

• Короткие шорты – они не скрывают мышцы ног и ягодиц, поэтому хорошо видно, как они работают во время танца.
• Мягкие леггинсы – можно использовать как аналог шортам, если вы стесняетесь носить очень открытые вещи.
• Укороченный топ, открывающий поясницу, или облегающая спортивная майка.
• Наколенники для защиты коленного сустава – особенно рекомендуется начинающим танцовщицам.

Для более быстрого разогрева мышц во время разминки можно надеть гетры длиной до колена и лонгслив. Из обуви подойдут удобные кроссовки или кеды.

Тверк – это очень яркий, веселый, зажигательный танец. Выполняя необычные и даже забавные элементы, просто невозможно удержаться от улыбки, поэтому тренировки заметно поднимают настроение. А сексуальные, смелые движения помогают развить уверенность в своей женской привлекательности, избавиться от комплексов, стать раскрепощенной и уверенной в себе.

Составители Оксфордского словаря английского языка включили понятие «тверк» (twerk) и историю его происхождения в новую версию издания. Соответствующий материал лингвисты разместили на сайте oxforddictionaries.com.

Для обозначения танца с активными движениями бедер слово стало использоваться в начале 1990-х в Новом Орлеане (США) исполнителями местной версии хип-хопа.

Однако, по всей видимости, происхождение понятия относится к 1820 году. Тверк вошел в английский язык в качестве существительного, тогда слово произносилось и писалось как «твирк» (twirk). Обозначало оно «крутящее или толкающее движение». Первый пример использования этого понятия ученые нашли в письме, адресованном автору «Франкенштейна», англичанке Мэри Шелли.

К 1848-му тверк стал глаголом, обозначавшим «крутить что-либо».

Писать twerk через букву «е» стали примерно в 1901 году. Причина таких изменений четко не ясна. Возможно, она кроется в смешении слов twist (скручивание) и jerk (толчок). К 1928 году понятие стало означать «бесполезного человека, дурака, кретина», а к 1940-му — «незначительные негативные изменения, резкий поворот».

В июньское обновление словаря вошло около 500 новых слов и их значений. Всего Оксфордский словарь английского языка, составлять который начали более 150 лет назад, содержит свыше 600 тысяч слов.

Согласно определению в Оксфордском словаре, тверк — танец под популярную музыку в сексуально-провокационной манере, предполагающий толкательные движения бедрами. Считается, что его популяризировала американская певица Майли Сайрус. В мае 2015 года тверк вошел в словарь английского языка Merriam-Webster, издаваемый в США.