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Coordinates: 39°N 111°W / 39°N 111°W

Utah

State

State of Utah

Flag of Utah

Flag

Official seal of Utah

Seal

Nickname(s): 

«Beehive State» (official), «The Mormon State», «Deseret»

Motto: 

Industry

Anthem: «Utah…This Is the Place»
Map of the United States with Utah highlighted

Map of the United States with Utah highlighted

Country United States
Before statehood Utah Territory
Admitted to the Union January 4, 1896 (45th)
Capital
(and largest city)
Salt Lake City
Largest metro and urban areas Salt Lake City
Government
 • Governor Spencer Cox (R)
 • Lieutenant Governor Deidre Henderson (R)
Legislature State Legislature
 • Upper house State Senate
 • Lower house House of Representatives
Judiciary Utah Supreme Court
U.S. senators Mike Lee (R)
Mitt Romney (R)
U.S. House delegation 1: Blake Moore (R)
2: Chris Stewart (R)
3: John Curtis (R)
4: Burgess Owens (R) (list)
Area
 • Total 84,899 sq mi (219,887 km2)
 • Land 82,144 sq mi (212,761 km2)
 • Water 2,755 sq mi (7,136 km2)  3.25%
 • Rank 13th
Dimensions
 • Length 350 mi (560 km)
 • Width 270 mi (435 km)
Elevation 6,100 ft (1,860 m)
Highest elevation

(Kings Peak[1][2][a])

13,534 ft (4,120.3 m)
Lowest elevation

(Beaver Dam Wash at Arizona border[2][a][3])

2,180 ft (664.4 m)
Population

 (2020)

 • Total 3,271,616[4]
 • Rank 30th
 • Density 36.53/sq mi (14.12/km2)
  • Rank 41st
 • Median household income $60,365[5]
 • Income rank 11th
Demonym Utahn or Utahan[6]
Language
 • Official language English
Time zone UTC−07:00 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation

UT

ISO 3166 code US-UT
Traditional abbreviation Ut.
Latitude 37° N to 42° N
Longitude 109°3′ W to 114°3′ W
Website utah.gov
State symbols of Utah

List of state symbols
Flag of Utah.svg

Flag of Utah

Seal of Utah.svg

Seal of Utah

Living insignia
Bird California gull
Fish Bonneville cutthroat trout[7]
Flower Sego lily
Grass Indian ricegrass
Mammal Rocky Mountain Elk
Reptile Gila monster
Tree Quaking aspen
Inanimate insignia
Dance Square dance
Dinosaur Utahraptor
Firearm Browning M1911
Fossil Allosaurus
Gemstone Topaz
Mineral Copper[7]
Rock Coal[7]
Tartan Utah State Centennial Tartan
State route marker
Route marker
State quarter
Utah quarter dollar coin

Released in 2007

Lists of United States state symbols

Utah ( YOO-tah, YOO-taw) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to its west by Nevada. Utah also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area; with a population over three million, it is the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population and includes the capital city, Salt Lake City; and Washington County in the southwest, with more than 180,000 residents.[8] Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.

Utah has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups such as the ancient Puebloans, Navajo and Ute. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region’s difficult geography and harsh climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was Mexican territory, many of Utah’s earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States. Following the Mexican–American War in 1848, the region was annexed by the U.S., becoming part of the Utah Territory, which included what is now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah’s admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted in 1896 as the 45th.

People from Utah are known as Utahns.[9] Slightly over half of all Utahns are Mormons, the vast majority of whom are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City;[10] Utah is the only state where a majority of the population belongs to a single church.[11] The LDS Church greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life,[12] though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.

Utah has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, and tourism. Utah has been one of the fastest growing states since 2000,[13] with the 2020 U.S. census confirming the fastest population growth in the nation since 2010. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005.[14] Utah ranks among the overall best states in metrics such as healthcare, governance, education, and infrastructure.[15] It has the 14th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. Over time and influenced by climate change, droughts in Utah have been increasing in frequency and severity,[16] putting a further strain on Utah’s water security and impacting the state’s economy.[17]

Etymology

The name Utah is said to derive from the name of the Ute tribe, meaning ‘people of the mountains’.[18] However, no such word actually exists in the Utes’ language, and the Utes refer to themselves as Noochee. The meaning of Utes as ‘the mountain people’ has been attributed to the neighboring Pueblo Indians,[19] as well as to the Apache word Yuttahih, which means ‘one that is higher up’ or ‘those that are higher up’.[18] In Spanish, it was pronounced Yuta; subsequently, English-speaking people may have adapted the word as Utah.[20]

History

Pre-Columbian

Map showing Utah in 1838 when it was part of Mexico, Britannica 7th edition

Thousands of years before the arrival of European explorers, the Ancestral Puebloans and the Fremont people lived in what is now known as Utah, some of which spoke languages of the Uto-Aztecan group. Ancestral Pueblo peoples built their homes through excavations in mountains, and the Fremont people built houses of straw before disappearing from the region around the 15th century.

Another group of Native Americans, the Navajo, settled in the region around the 18th century. In the mid-18th century, other Uto-Aztecan tribes, including the Goshute, the Paiute, the Shoshone, and the Ute people, also settled in the region. These five groups were present when the first European explorers arrived.[21][22]

Spanish exploration (1540)

The southern Utah region was explored by the Spanish in 1540, led by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, while looking for the legendary Cíbola. A group led by two Catholic priests—sometimes called the Domínguez–Escalante expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the coast of California. The expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. The Spanish made further explorations in the region but were not interested in colonizing the area because of its desert nature. In 1821, the year Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, the region became known as part of its territory of Alta California.

European trappers and fur traders explored some areas of Utah in the early 19th century from Canada and the United States. The city of Provo, Utah, was named for one Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah, was named after Peter Skene Ogden, a Canadian explorer who traded furs in the Weber Valley.

In late 1824, Jim Bridger became the first known English-speaking person to sight the Great Salt Lake. Due to the high salinity of its waters, he thought he had found the Pacific Ocean; he subsequently learned this body of water was a giant salt lake. After the discovery of the lake, hundreds of American and Canadian traders and trappers established trading posts in the region. In the 1830s, thousands of migrants traveling from the Eastern United States to the American West began to make stops in the region of the Great Salt Lake, then known as Lake Youta.[citation needed]

Latter Day Saint settlement (1847)

Following the death of Joseph Smith in 1844, Brigham Young, as president of the Quorum of the Twelve, became the leader of the LDS Church in Nauvoo, Illinois.[23] To address the growing conflicts between his people and their neighbors, Young agreed with Illinois Governor Thomas Ford in October 1845 that the Mormons would leave by the following year.[24]

Young and the first group of Mormon pioneers reached the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. Over the next 22 years, more than 70,000 pioneers crossed the plains and settled in Utah.[25] For the first few years, Brigham Young and the thousands of early settlers of Salt Lake City struggled to survive. The arid desert land was deemed by the Mormons as desirable as a place where they could practice their religion without harassment.

Settlers buried thirty-six Native Americans in one grave after an outbreak of measles occurred during the winter of 1847.[26]

The first group of settlers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery.[27] Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with the first group of settlers in 1847.[28] The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade,[29] as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war.[30][31]

Utah was Mexican territory when the first pioneers arrived in 1847. Early in the Mexican–American War in late 1846, the United States had taken control of New Mexico and California. The entire Southwest became U.S. territory upon the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on March 11. Learning that California and New Mexico were applying for statehood, the settlers of the Utah area (originally having planned to petition for territorial status) applied for statehood with an ambitious plan for a State of Deseret.

The Mormon settlements provided pioneers for other settlements in the West. Salt Lake City became the hub of a «far-flung commonwealth»[32] of Mormon settlements. With new church converts coming from the East and around the world, Church leaders often assigned groups of church members as missionaries to establish other settlements throughout the West. They developed irrigation to support fairly large pioneer populations along Utah’s Wasatch front (Salt Lake City, Bountiful and Weber Valley, and Provo and Utah Valley).[33] Throughout the remainder of the 19th century, Mormon pioneers established hundreds of other settlements in Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Wyoming, California, Canada, and Mexico—including in Las Vegas, Nevada; Franklin, Idaho (the first European settlement in Idaho); San Bernardino, California; Mesa, Arizona; Star Valley, Wyoming; and Carson Valley, Nevada.

Prominent settlements in Utah included St. George, Logan, and Manti (where settlers completed the LDS Church’s first three temples in Utah, each started after but finished many years before the larger and better known temple built in Salt Lake City was completed in 1893), as well as Parowan, Cedar City, Bluff, Moab, Vernal, Fillmore (which served as the territorial capital between 1850 and 1856), Nephi, Levan, Spanish Fork, Springville, Provo Bench (now Orem), Pleasant Grove, American Fork, Lehi, Sandy, Murray, Jordan, Centerville, Farmington, Huntsville, Kaysville, Grantsville, Tooele, Roy, Brigham City, and many other smaller towns and settlements. Young had an expansionist’s view of the territory that he and the Mormon pioneers were settling, calling it Deseret—which according to the Book of Mormon was an ancient word for «honeybee». This is symbolized by the beehive on the Utah flag, and the state’s motto, «Industry».[34]

Utah Territory (1850–1896)

A sketch of Salt Lake City in 1860

The Utah Territory was much smaller than the proposed state of Deseret, but it still contained all of the present states of Nevada and Utah as well as pieces of modern Wyoming and Colorado.[35] It was created with the Compromise of 1850, and Fillmore, named after President Millard Fillmore, was designated the capital. The territory was given the name Utah after the Ute tribe of Native Americans. Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital in 1856.

By 1850, there were around 100 black people in the territory, the majority of whom were slaves.[36] In Salt Lake County, 26 slaves were counted.[26] In 1852, the territorial legislature passed the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners formally legalizing slavery in the territory. Slavery was abolished in the territory during the Civil War.

In 1850, Salt Lake City sent out a force known as the Nauvoo Legion and engaged the Timpanogos in the Battle at Fort Utah.[30]: 71 

Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the U.S. government intensified due to the practice of plural marriage, or polygamy, among members of the LDS Church. The Mormons were still pushing for the establishment of a State of Deseret with the new borders of the Utah Territory. Most, if not all, of the members of the U.S. government opposed the polygamous practices of the Mormons.

Members of the LDS Church were viewed as un-American and rebellious when news of their polygamous practices spread. In 1857, particularly heinous accusations of abdication of government and general immorality were leveled by former associate justice William W. Drummond, among others. The detailed reports of life in Utah caused the administration of James Buchanan to send a secret military «expedition» to Utah. When the supposed rebellion should be quelled, Alfred Cumming would take the place of Brigham Young as territorial governor. The resulting conflict is known as the Utah War, nicknamed «Buchanan’s Blunder» by the Mormon leaders.

In September 1857, about 120 American settlers of the Baker–Fancher wagon train, en route to California from Arkansas, were murdered by Utah Territorial Militia and some Paiute Native Americans in the Mountain Meadows massacre.[37]

Before troops led by Albert Sidney Johnston entered the territory, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City to evacuate southward to Utah Valley and sent out the Nauvoo Legion to delay the government’s advance. Although wagons and supplies were burned, eventually the troops arrived in 1858, and Young surrendered official control to Cumming, although most subsequent commentators claim that Young retained true power in the territory. A steady stream of governors appointed by the president quit the position, often citing the traditions of their supposed territorial government. By agreement with Young, Johnston established Camp Floyd, 40 miles (60 km) away from Salt Lake City, to the southwest.

Salt Lake City was the last link of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, completed in October 1861. Brigham Young was among the first to send a message, along with Abraham Lincoln and other officials.

Because of the American Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory in 1861. This was a boon to the local economy as the army sold everything in camp for pennies on the dollar before marching back east to join the war. The territory was then left in LDS hands until Patrick E. Connor arrived with a regiment of California volunteers in 1862. Connor established Fort Douglas just 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his people to discover mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the territory. Minerals were discovered in Tooele County and miners began to flock to the territory.

Beginning in 1865, Utah’s Black Hawk War developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory’s history. Chief Antonga Black Hawk died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the Ghost Dance of 1872. The war is unique among Indian Wars because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos Utes led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and LDS authorities.

On May 10, 1869, the First transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake.[38] The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the territory and several influential businesspeople made fortunes there.

During the 1870s and 1880s laws were passed to punish polygamists due, in part, to stories from Utah. Notably, Ann Eliza Young—tenth wife to divorce Brigham Young, women’s advocate, national lecturer and author of Wife No. 19 or My Life of Bondage and Mr. and Mrs. Fanny Stenhouse, authors of The Rocky Mountain Saints (T. B. H. Stenhouse, 1873) and Tell It All: My Life in Mormonism (Fanny Stenhouse, 1875). Both Ann Eliza and Fanny testify to the happiness of the very early Church members before polygamy. They independently published their books in 1875. These books and the lectures of Ann Eliza Young have been credited with the United States Congress passage of anti-polygamy laws by newspapers throughout the United States as recorded in «The Ann Eliza Young Vindicator», a pamphlet which detailed Ms Young’s travels and warm reception throughout her lecture tour.

T. B. H. Stenhouse, former Utah Mormon polygamist, Mormon missionary for thirteen years and a Salt Lake City newspaper owner, finally left Utah and wrote The Rocky Mountain Saints. His book gives a witnessed account of life in Utah, both the good and the bad. He finally left Utah and Mormonism after financial ruin occurred when Brigham Young sent Stenhouse to relocate to Ogden, Utah, according to Stenhouse, to take over his thriving pro-Mormon Salt Lake Telegraph newspaper. In addition to these testimonies, The Confessions of John D. Lee, written by John D. Lee—alleged «Scape goat» for the Mountain Meadow Massacre—also came out in 1877. The corroborative testimonies coming out of Utah from Mormons and former Mormons influenced Congress and the people of the United States.

In the 1890 Manifesto, the LDS Church banned polygamy. When Utah applied for statehood again, it was accepted. One of the conditions for granting Utah statehood was that a ban on polygamy be written into the state constitution. This was a condition required of other western states that were admitted into the Union later. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.

20th century to present

Children reading in Santa Clara, Utah, in 1940

Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as Bryce Canyon National Park and Zion National Park, Utah became known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes featured in the popular mid-century western film genre. From such films, most US residents recognize such natural landmarks as Delicate Arch and «the Mittens» of Monument Valley.[39] During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the Interstate highway system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.

Since the establishment of Alta Ski Area in 1939 and the subsequent development of several ski resorts in the state’s mountains, Utah’s skiing has become world-renowned. The dry, powdery snow of the Wasatch Range is considered some of the best skiing in the world (the state license plate once claimed «the Greatest Snow on Earth»).[40][41] Salt Lake City won the bid for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, and this served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues built along the Wasatch Front continue to be used for sporting events. Preparation for the Olympics spurred the development of the light-rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, known as TRAX, and the re-construction of the freeway system around the city.

In 1957, Utah created the Utah State Parks Commission with four parks. Today, Utah State Parks manages 43 parks and several undeveloped areas totaling over 95,000 acres (380 km2) of land and more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) of water. Utah’s state parks are scattered throughout Utah, from Bear Lake State Park at the Utah/Idaho border to Edge of the Cedars State Park Museum deep in the Four Corners region and everywhere in between. Utah State Parks is also home to the state’s off highway vehicle office, state boating office and the trails program.[42]

During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s growth was phenomenal in the suburbs of the Wasatch Front. Sandy was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time. Today, many areas of Utah continue to see boom-time growth. Northern Davis, southern and western Salt Lake, Summit, eastern Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Washington counties are all growing very quickly. Management of transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics, as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas and transportation is a major reason for poor air quality in Utah.

On March 8, 2020, Utah suffered a 5.7 magnitude earthquake originating 3.7 mi (6.0 km) northeast of Magna, near Salt Lake City.[43]

Geography and geology

Utah is known for its natural diversity and is home to features ranging from arid deserts with sand dunes to thriving pine forests in mountain valleys. It is a rugged and geographically diverse state at the convergence of three distinct geological regions: the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, and the Colorado Plateau.

Utah covers an area of 84,899 sq mi (219,890 km2). It is one of the Four Corners states and is bordered by Idaho in the north, Wyoming in the north and east, by Colorado in the east, at a single point by New Mexico to the southeast, by Arizona in the south, and by Nevada in the west. Only three U.S. states (Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming) have exclusively latitude and longitude lines as boundaries.

One of Utah’s defining characteristics is the variety of its terrain. Running down the middle of the state’s northern third is the Wasatch Range, which rises to heights of almost 12,000 ft (3,700 m) above sea level. Utah is home to world-renowned ski resorts made popular by light, fluffy snow and winter storms that regularly dump up to three feet of it overnight. In the state’s northeastern section, running east to west, are the Uinta Mountains, which rise to heights of over 13,000 feet (4,000 m). The highest point in the state, Kings Peak, at 13,528 feet (4,123 m),[44] lies within the Uinta Mountains.

At the western base of the Wasatch Range is the Wasatch Front, a series of valleys and basins that are home to the most populous parts of the state. It stretches approximately from Brigham City at the north end to Nephi at the south end. Approximately 75 percent of the state’s population lives in this corridor, and population growth is rapid.

Western Utah is mostly arid desert with a basin and range topography. Small mountain ranges and rugged terrain punctuate the landscape. The Bonneville Salt Flats are an exception, being comparatively flat as a result of once forming the bed of ancient Lake Bonneville. Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, Sevier Lake, and Rush Lake are all remnants of this ancient freshwater lake,[45] which once covered most of the eastern Great Basin. West of the Great Salt Lake, stretching to the Nevada border, lies the arid Great Salt Lake Desert. One exception to this aridity is Snake Valley, which is (relatively) lush due to large springs and wetlands fed from groundwater derived from snow melt in the Snake Range, Deep Creek Range, and other tall mountains to the west of Snake Valley. Great Basin National Park is just over the Nevada state line in the southern Snake Range. One of western Utah’s most impressive, but least visited attractions is Notch Peak, the tallest limestone cliff in North America, located west of Delta.

Much of the scenic southern and southeastern landscape (specifically the Colorado Plateau region) is sandstone, specifically Kayenta sandstone and Navajo sandstone. The Colorado River and its tributaries wind their way through the sandstone, creating some of the world’s most striking and wild terrain (the area around the confluence of the Colorado and Green Rivers was the last to be mapped in the lower 48 United States). Wind and rain have also sculpted the soft sandstone over millions of years. Canyons, gullies, arches, pinnacles, buttes, bluffs, and mesas are the common sights throughout south-central and southeast Utah.

This terrain is the central feature of protected state and federal parks such as Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion national parks, Cedar Breaks, Grand Staircase–Escalante, Hovenweep, and Natural Bridges national monuments, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (site of the popular tourist destination, Lake Powell), Dead Horse Point and Goblin Valley state parks, and Monument Valley. The Navajo Nation also extends into southeastern Utah. Southeastern Utah is also punctuated by the remote, but lofty La Sal, Abajo, and Henry mountain ranges.

Eastern (northern quarter) Utah is a high-elevation area covered mostly by plateaus and basins, particularly the Tavaputs Plateau and San Rafael Swell, which remain mostly inaccessible, and the Uinta Basin, where the majority of eastern Utah’s population lives. Economies are dominated by mining, oil shale, oil, and natural gas-drilling, ranching, and recreation. Much of eastern Utah is part of the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation. The most popular destination within northeastern Utah is Dinosaur National Monument near Vernal.

Southwestern Utah is the lowest and hottest spot in Utah. It is known as Utah’s Dixie because early settlers were able to grow some cotton there. Beaverdam Wash in far southwestern Utah is the lowest point in the state, at 2,000 feet (610 m).[44] The northernmost portion of the Mojave Desert is also located in this area. Dixie is quickly becoming a popular recreational and retirement destination, and the population is growing rapidly. Although the Wasatch Mountains end at Mount Nebo near Nephi, a complex series of mountain ranges extends south from the southern end of the range down the spine of Utah. Just north of Dixie and east of Cedar City is the state’s highest ski resort, Brian Head.

Like most of the western and southwestern states, the federal government owns much of the land in Utah. Over 70 percent of the land is either BLM land, Utah State Trustland, or U.S. National Forest, U.S. National Park, U.S. National Monument, National Recreation Area or U.S. Wilderness Area.[46] Utah is the only state where every county contains some national forest.[47]

  • Arches National Park

  • Pariette Wetlands

    Pariette Wetlands

  • Little Cottonwood Canyon

  • Deer Creek Reservoir

  • American Fork Canyon

  • Kolob Canyons at Zion National Park

Adjacent states

  • Idaho (north)
  • Wyoming (east and north)
  • Colorado (east)
  • Nevada (west)
  • Arizona (south)

Climate

Utah features a dry, semi-arid to desert climate,[48] although its many mountains feature a large variety of climates, with the highest points in the Uinta Mountains being above the timberline. The dry weather is a result of the state’s location in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada in California. The eastern half of the state lies in the rain shadow of the Wasatch Mountains. The primary source of precipitation for the state is the Pacific Ocean, with the state usually lying in the path of large Pacific storms from October to May. In summer, the state, especially southern and eastern Utah, lies in the path of monsoon moisture from the Gulf of California.

Most of the lowland areas receive less than 12 inches (305 mm) of precipitation annually, although the I-15 corridor, including the densely populated Wasatch Front, receives approximately 15 inches (381 mm). The Great Salt Lake Desert is the driest area of the state, with less than 5 inches (127 mm). Snowfall is common in all but the far southern valleys. Although St. George receives only about 3 inches (76 mm) per year, Salt Lake City sees about 60 inches (1,524 mm), enhanced by the lake-effect snow from the Great Salt Lake, which increases snowfall totals to the south, southeast, and east of the lake.

Some areas of the Wasatch Range in the path of the lake-effect receive up to 500 inches (12,700 mm) per year. This micro climate of enhanced snowfall from the Great Salt Lake spans the entire proximity of the lake. The cottonwood canyons adjacent to Salt Lake City are located in the right position to receive more precipitation from the lake.[49] The consistently deep powder snow led Utah’s ski industry to adopt the slogan «the Greatest Snow on Earth» in the 1980s. In the winter, temperature inversions are a common phenomenon across Utah’s low basins and valleys, leading to thick haze and fog that can last for weeks at a time, especially in the Uintah Basin. Although at other times of year its air quality is good, winter inversions give Salt Lake City some of the worst wintertime pollution in the country.

Previous studies have indicated a widespread decline in snowpack over Utah accompanied by a decline in the snow–precipitation ratio while anecdotal evidence claims have been put forward that measured changes in Utah’s snowpack are spurious and do not reflect actual change. A 2012 study[50] found that the proportion of winter (January–March) precipitation falling as snow has decreased by nine percent during the last half century, a combined result from a significant increase in rainfall and a minor decrease in snowfall. Meanwhile, observed snow depth across Utah has decreased and is accompanied by consistent decreases in snow cover and surface albedo. Weather systems with the potential to produce precipitation in Utah have decreased in number with those producing snowfall decreasing at a considerably greater rate.[51]

Utah’s temperatures are extreme, with cold temperatures in winter due to its elevation, and very hot summers statewide (with the exception of mountain areas and high mountain valleys). Utah is usually protected from major blasts of cold air by mountains lying north and east of the state, although major Arctic blasts can occasionally reach the state. Average January high temperatures range from around 30 °F (−1 °C) in some northern valleys to almost 55 °F (13 °C) in St. George.

Temperatures dropping below 0 °F (−18 °C) should be expected on occasion in most areas of the state most years, although some areas see it often (for example, the town of Randolph averages about fifty days per year with temperatures that low). In July, average highs range from about 85 to 100 °F (29 to 38 °C). However, the low humidity and high elevation typically leads to large temperature variations, leading to cool nights most summer days. The record high temperature in Utah was 118 °F (48 °C), recorded south of St. George on July 4, 2007,[52] and the record low was −69 °F (−56 °C), recorded at Peter Sinks in the Bear River Mountains of northern Utah on February 1, 1985.[53] However, the record low for an inhabited location is −49 °F (−45 °C) at Woodruff on December 12, 1932.[54]

Utah, like most of the western United States, has few days of thunderstorms. On average there are fewer than 40 days of thunderstorm activity during the year, although these storms can be briefly intense when they do occur. They are most likely to occur during monsoon season from about mid-July through mid-September, especially in southern and eastern Utah. Dry lightning strikes and the general dry weather often spark wildfires in summer, while intense thunderstorms can lead to flash flooding, especially in the rugged terrain of southern Utah. Although spring is the wettest season in northern Utah, late summer is the wettest period for much of the south and east of the state. Tornadoes are uncommon in Utah, with an average of two striking the state yearly, rarely higher than EF1 intensity.[55]

One exception of note, however, was the unprecedented Salt Lake City Tornado that moved directly across downtown Salt Lake City on August 11, 1999. The F2 tornado killed one person, injured sixty others, and caused approximately $170 million in damage;[56] it was the second strongest tornado in the state behind an F3 on August 11, 1993, in the Uinta Mountains.[56][57] The only other reported tornado fatality in Utah’s history was a 7-year-old girl who was killed while camping in Summit County on July 6, 1884.[56] The last tornado of above (E)F0 intensity occurred on September 8, 2002, when an F2 tornado hit Manti.[56]

Wildlife

Utah is home to more than 600 vertebrate animals[58] as well as numerous invertebrates and insects.[59]

Mammals

Mammals are found in every area of Utah. Non-predatory larger mammals include the plains bison,[60][61] elk,[62] moose,[63] mountain goat,[63] mule deer,[63] pronghorn,[64] and multiple types of bighorn sheep.[65][66][67] Non-predatory small mammals include muskrat,[63] and nutria.[68] Large and small predatory mammals include the black bear,[63] cougar,[63] Canada lynx,[69] bobcat,[63] fox (gray, red, and kit),[63] coyote,[63] badger,[63] black-footed ferret,[70] mink,[63] stoat,[63] long-tailed weasel,[63] raccoon,[63] and otter.[71]

The brown bear was formerly found within Utah, but has been extirpated.[72] There are no confirmed mating pairs of gray wolf in Utah, though there have been sightings in northeastern Utah along the Wyoming border.[73][74]

Birds

As of January 2020, there were 466 species included in the official list managed by the Utah Bird Records Committee (UBRC).[75][76] Of these, 119 are classed as accidental, 29 are classed as occasional, 57 are classed as rare, and 10 have been introduced to Utah or North America. Eleven of the accidental species are also classed as provisional.

Due to the miracle of the gulls incident in 1848, the most well known bird in Utah is the California gull, which is the Utah state bird.[77][78] A monument in Salt Lake City commemorates this event, known as the «Miracle of the Gulls».[78] Other gulls common to Utah include Bonaparte’s gull,[79] the ring-billed gull, and Franklin’s gull.

Other birds commonly found include the American robin,[80] the common starling, finches (black rosy,[81] Cassin’s,[82] and goldfinch),[83] the black-billed magpie,[84] mourning doves, sparrows (house, tree,[85] black-chinned,[86] black-throated,[87] Brewer’s,[88] and chipping),[89] Clark’s grebe,[90] the ferruginous hawk, geese (snow, cackling,[91] and Canada),[92] eagles (golden and bald),[93] California quail,[94] mountain bluebird, and hummingbirds (calliope,[95] black-chinned,[96] and broad-tailed).[97]

Invertebrates

Western black widow spider

Utah is host to a wide variety of arachnids, insects, mollusks, and other invertebrates. Arachnids include the Arizona bark scorpion,[98] Western black widow spiders,[99] crab spiders,[100] hobo spiders (Tegenaria agrestis),[101] cellar spiders, American grass spiders, woodlouse spiders.[99] Several spiders found in Utah are often mistaken for the brown recluse spider, including the desert recluse spider (found only in Washington County), the cellar spider, and crevice weaving spiders.[102][103][104] The brown recluse spider has not been officially confirmed in Utah as of summer 2020.[105]

One of the most rare insects in Utah is the Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle, found only in Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, near Kanab.[106] It was proposed in 2012 to be listed as a threatened species,[107] but the proposal was not accepted.[108] Other insects include grasshoppers,[109] green stink bugs,[110] the Army cutworm,[111] the monarch butterfly,[112] and Mormon fritillary butterfly.[112] The white-lined sphinx moth is common to most of the United States, but there have been reported outbreaks of large groups of their larvae damaging tomato, grape and garden crops in Utah.[113] Four or five species of firefly are also found across the state.[114]

In February 2009, Africanized honeybees were found in southern Utah.[115][116] The bees had spread into eight counties in Utah, as far north as Grand and Emery counties by May 2017.[117]

Vegetation

Pando, considered one of the heaviest and oldest organisms on Earth.[118][119]

Several thousand plants are native to Utah,[120] including a variety of trees, shrubs, cacti, herbaceous plants, and grasses. As of 2018, there are 3,930 species of plants in Utah, with 3,128 of those being indigenous and 792 being introduced through various means.[121]

Common trees include pines/piñons (white fir, Colorado, single-leaf, Great Basin bristlecone, ponderosa, Engelmann spruce, Rocky Mountain white), and Acer grandidentatum, quaking aspen, bigtooth maple, Utah juniper, speckled alder, red birch, Gambel oak, desert willow, blue spruce, and Joshua trees. Utah has a number of named trees, including the Jardine Juniper, Pando,[118][119] and the Thousand Mile Tree. Shrubs include a number of different ephedras (pitamoreal, Navajo, Arizona, Nevada, Torrey’s jointfir, and green Mormon tea), sagebrushes (little, Bigelow, silver, Michaux’s wormwood, black, pygmy, bud, and Great Basin), blue elderberry, Utah serviceberry, chokecherry, and skunkbush sumac. Western poison oak, poison sumac, and western poison ivy are all found in Utah.[122]

There are many varieties of cacti in Utah’s varied deserts, especially in the southern and western parts of the state. Some of these include desert prickly pear, California barrel cactus, fishhook cactus, cholla, beavertail prickly pear, and Uinta Basin hookless cactus. Despite the desert climate, many different grasses are found in Utah, including Mormon needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, western alkali grass, squirreltail, desert saltgrass, and cheatgrass.

Several invasive species of plants are considered noxious weeds by the state, including Bermuda grass, field bindweed, henbane, jointed goatgrass, Canada thistle, Balkan and common toadflax, giant cane, couch grass, St. John’s wort, hemlock, sword grass, Russian olive, myrtle spurge, Japanese knotweed, salt cedar, and goat’s head.[123]

Demographics

At the 2020 U.S. census, Utah had a population of 3,271,616. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the population of Utah was 3,205,958 on July 1, 2019, a 16.00% increase since the 2010 U.S. census.[124] The center of population of Utah is located in Utah County in the city of Lehi.[125] Much of the population lives in cities and towns along the Wasatch Front, a metropolitan region that runs north–south with the Wasatch Mountains rising on the eastern side. Growth outside the Wasatch Front is also increasing. The St. George metropolitan area is currently the second fastest-growing in the country after the Las Vegas metropolitan area, while the Heber micropolitan area is also the second fastest-growing in the country (behind Palm Coast, Florida).[126]

Utah contains five metropolitan areas (Logan, Ogden-Clearfield, Salt Lake City, Provo-Orem, and St. George), and six micropolitan areas (Brigham City, Heber, Vernal, Price, Richfield, and Cedar City).

Health and fertility

Utah ranks among the highest in total fertility rate, 47th in teenage pregnancy, lowest in percentage of births out of wedlock, lowest in number of abortions per capita, and lowest in percentage of teen pregnancies terminated in abortion. However, statistics relating to pregnancies and abortions may also be artificially low from teenagers going out of state for abortions because of parental notification requirements.[127][128] Utah has the lowest child poverty rate in the country, despite its young demographics.[129] According to the Gallup-Healthways Global Well-Being Index as of 2012, Utahns ranked fourth in overall well-being in the United States.[130] A 2002 national prescription drug study determined that antidepressant drugs were «prescribed in Utah more often than in any other state, at a rate nearly twice the national average».[131] The data shows that depression rates in Utah are no higher than the national average.[132]

Ancestry and race

Historical population

Census Pop. Note
1850 11,380
1860 40,273 253.9%
1870 86,336 114.4%
1880 143,963 66.7%
1890 210,779 46.4%
1900 276,749 31.3%
1910 373,351 34.9%
1920 449,396 20.4%
1930 507,847 13.0%
1940 550,310 8.4%
1950 688,862 25.2%
1960 890,627 29.3%
1970 1,059,273 18.9%
1980 1,461,037 37.9%
1990 1,722,850 17.9%
2000 2,233,169 29.6%
2010 2,763,885 23.8%
2020 3,271,616 18.4%
Source: 1910–2020[133]
Ethnic composition as of the 2020 census

Race and Ethnicity[134] Alone Total
White (non-Hispanic) 75.3% 78.9%
Hispanic or Latino[b] 15.1%
Asian 2.4% 3.6%
African American (non-Hispanic) 1.1% 1.8%
Pacific Islander 1.1% 1.7%
Native American 0.9% 1.8%
Other 0.4% 1.1%

Map of counties in Utah by racial plurality, per the 2020 US Census

  • Non-Hispanic White

      60–70%

      70–80%

      80–90%

      90%+

    Native American

      50–60%

Historical racial demographics

Racial composition 1970[135] 1990[135] 2000[136] 2010[137] 2020
White (non-Hispanic) 97.4% 93.8% 89.2% 86.1% 75.3%
Hispanic (of any race) 4.1% 4.9% 9.0% 13.0% 15.1%
Asian 0.6% 1.9% 1.7% 2.0% 2.4%
Native (non-Hispanic) 1.1% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 0.9%
Black (non-Hispanic) 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 1.0% 1.1%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander
0.7% 0.9% 1.1%
Other race 0.2% 2.2% 4.2% 6.0% 0.4%
Two or more races 2.1% 2.7% 3.7%

Utah population density map

The largest ancestry groups in the state are:

  • 26.0% English
  • 11.9% German
  • 11.8% Scandinavian (5.4% Danish, 4.0% Swedish, 2.4% Norwegian)
  • 9.0% Mexican
  • 6.6% American
  • 6.2% Irish
  • 4.6% Scottish
  • 2.7% Italian
  • 2.4% Dutch
  • 2.2% French
  • 2.2% Welsh
  • 1.4% Scotch Irish
  • 1.3% Swiss

In 2011 one-third of Utah’s workforce was reported to be bilingual, developed through a program of acquisition of second languages beginning in elementary school, and related to Mormonism’s missionary goals for its young people.[138]

In 2011, 28.6% of Utah’s population younger than the age of one were ethnic minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was of a race other than non-Hispanic white.[139]

Religion

Mormons are the largest religious group in Utah. However, the percentage of Mormons to the overall population has been decreasing. In 2017, 62.8% of Utahns were members of the LDS Church.[141][142] This declined to 61.2% in 2018[143] and to 60.7% in 2019.[144] Members of the LDS Church currently make up between 34%–41% of the population within Salt Lake City. However, many of the other major population centers such as Provo, Logan, Tooele, and St. George tend to be predominantly LDS, along with many suburban and rural areas. The LDS Church has the largest number of congregations, numbering 4,815 wards.[145] According to results from the 2010 U.S. census, combined with official LDS Church membership statistics, church members represented 62.1% of Utah’s total population. The Utah county with the lowest percentage of church members was Grand County, at 26.5%, while the county with the highest percentage was Morgan County, at 86.1%. In addition, the result for the most populated county, Salt Lake County, was 51.4%.[12]

Though the LDS Church officially maintains a policy of neutrality in regard to political parties,[146] the church’s doctrine has a strong regional influence on politics.[147] Another doctrine effect can be seen in Utah’s high birth rate (25 percent higher than the national average; the highest for a state in the U.S.).[148] The Mormons in Utah tend to have conservative views when it comes to most political issues and the majority of voter-age Utahns are unaffiliated voters (60%) who vote overwhelmingly Republican.[149] Mitt Romney received 72.8% of the Utahn votes in 2012, while John McCain polled 62.5% in the 2008 United States presidential election and 70.9% for George W. Bush in 2004. In 2010 the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) reported that the three largest denominational groups in Utah are the LDS Church with 1,910,504 adherents; the Catholic Church with 160,125 adherents, and the Southern Baptist Convention with 12,593 adherents.[150]

According to a Gallup poll, Utah had the third-highest number of people reporting as «Very Religious» in 2015, at 55% (trailing only Mississippi and Alabama). However, it was near the national average of people reporting as «Nonreligious» (31%), and featured the smallest percentage of people reporting as «Moderately Religious» (15%) of any state, being eight points lower than second-lowest state Vermont.[151] In addition, it had the highest average weekly church attendance of any state, at 51%.[152]

Languages

The official language in the state of Utah is English.[153] Utah English is primarily a merger of Northern and Midland American dialects carried west by LDS Church members, whose original New York dialect later incorporated features from northeast Ohio and central Illinois. Conspicuous in the speech of some in the central valley, although less frequent now in Salt Lake City, is a cord-card merger, so that the vowels /ɑ/ an /ɔ/ are pronounced the same before an /ɹ/, such as in the words cord and card.[154]

In 2000, 87.5% of all state residents five years of age or older spoke only English at home, a decrease from 92.2% in 1990.

Top 14 Non-English Languages Spoken in Utah

Language Percentage of population
(as of 2010)[155]
Spanish 7.4%
German 0.6%
Navajo 0.5%
French 0.4%
Pacific Island languages including Chamorro, Hawaiian, Ilocano, Tagalog, and Samoan 0.4%
Chinese 0.4%
Portuguese 0.3%
Vietnamese 0.3%
Japanese 0.2%
Arapaho 0.1%

Age and gender

Utah has the highest total birth rate[148] and accordingly, the youngest population of any U.S. state. In 2010, the state’s population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The life expectancy is 79.3 years.

Economy

The Wasatch Front region has seen large growth and development despite the economic downturn. Shown is the City Creek Center project, a development in downtown Salt Lake City with a price tag of $1.5–2.5 billion.

One out of every 14 flash memory chips in the world is produced in Lehi, Utah.[156]

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the gross state product of Utah in 2012 was US$130.5 billion, or 0.87% of the total United States GDP of US$14.991 trillion for the same year.[157] The per capita personal income was $45,700 in 2012. Major industries of Utah include: mining, cattle ranching, salt production, and government services.

According to the 2007 State New Economy Index, Utah is ranked the top state in the nation for Economic Dynamism, determined by «the degree to which state economies are knowledge-based, globalized, entrepreneurial, information technology-driven and innovation-based». In 2014, Utah was ranked number one in Forbes’ list of «Best States For Business».[158] A November 2010 article in Newsweek magazine highlighted Utah and particularly the Salt Lake City area’s economic outlook, calling it «the new economic Zion», and examined how the area has been able to bring in high-paying jobs and attract high-tech corporations to the area during a recession.[159] As of September 2014, the state’s unemployment rate was 3.5%.[160] In terms of «small business friendliness», in 2014 Utah emerged as number one, based on a study drawing upon data from more than 12,000 small business owners.[161]

In eastern Utah petroleum production is a major industry.[162] Near Salt Lake City, petroleum refining is done by a number of oil companies. In central Utah, coal production accounts for much of the mining activity.

According to Internal Revenue Service tax returns, Utahns rank first among all U.S. states in the proportion of income given to charity by the wealthy. This is due to the standard ten percent of all earnings that Mormons give to the LDS Church.[129] According to the Corporation for National and Community Service, Utah had an average of 884,000 volunteers between 2008 and 2010, each of whom contributed 89.2 hours per volunteer. This figure equates to $3.8 billion of service contributed, ranking Utah number one for volunteerism in the nation.[163]

Taxation

Utah collects personal income tax; since 2008 the tax has been a flat five percent for all taxpayers.[164] The state sales tax has a base rate of 6.45 percent,[165] with cities and counties levying additional local sales taxes that vary among the municipalities. Property taxes are assessed and collected locally. Utah does not charge intangible property taxes and does not impose an inheritance tax.

Tourism

Tourism is a major industry in Utah. With five national parks (Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion), Utah has the third most national parks of any state after Alaska and California. In addition, Utah features eight national monuments (Cedar Breaks, Dinosaur, Grand Staircase–Escalante, Hovenweep, Natural Bridges, Bears Ears, Rainbow Bridge, and Timpanogos Cave), two national recreation areas (Flaming Gorge and Glen Canyon), seven national forests (Ashley, Caribou-Targhee, Dixie, Fishlake, Manti-La Sal, Sawtooth, and Uinta-Wasatch-Cache), and numerous state parks and monuments.

The Moab area, in the southeastern part of the state, is known for its challenging mountain biking trails, including Slickrock. Moab also hosts the famous Moab Jeep Safari semiannually.

Utah has seen an increase in tourism since the 2002 Winter Olympics. Park City is home to the United States Ski Team. Utah’s ski resorts are primarily located in northern Utah near Salt Lake City, Park City, Ogden, and Provo. Between 2007 and 2011 Deer Valley in Park City, has been ranked the top ski resort in North America in a survey organized by Ski Magazine.[166]

Utah has many significant ski resorts. The 2009 Ski Magazine reader survey concluded that six of the top ten resorts deemed most «accessible», and six of the top ten with the best snow conditions, were located in Utah.[167] In Southern Utah, Brian Head Ski Resort is located in the mountains near Cedar City. Former Olympic venues including Utah Olympic Park and Utah Olympic Oval are still in operation for training and competition and allows the public to participate in numerous activities including ski jumping, bobsleigh, and speed skating.

Utah features many cultural attractions such as Temple Square, the Sundance Film Festival, the Red Rock Film Festival, the DOCUTAH Film Festival, the Utah Data Center, and the Utah Shakespearean Festival. Temple Square is ranked as the 16th most visited tourist attraction in the United States by Forbes magazine, with more than five million annual visitors.[168]

Other attractions include Monument Valley, the Great Salt Lake, the Bonneville Salt Flats, and Lake Powell.

Branding

The state of Utah relies heavily on income from tourists and travelers visiting the state’s parks and ski resorts, and thus the need to «brand» Utah and create an impression of the state throughout the world has led to several state slogans, the most famous of which being «The Greatest Snow on Earth», which has been in use in Utah officially since 1975 (although the slogan was in unofficial use as early as 1962) and now adorns nearly 50 percent of the state’s license plates. In 2001, Utah Governor Mike Leavitt approved a new state slogan, «Utah! Where Ideas Connect», which lasted until March 10, 2006, when the Utah Travel Council and the office of Governor Jon Huntsman announced that «Life Elevated» would be the new state slogan.[169]

Mining

Mining has been a large industry in Utah since it was first settled. The Bingham Canyon Mine in Salt Lake County is one of the largest open pit mines in the world.

Beginning in the late 19th century with the state’s mining boom (including the Bingham Canyon Mine, among the world’s largest open pit mines), companies attracted large numbers of immigrants with job opportunities. Since the days of the Utah Territory mining has played a major role in Utah’s economy. Historical mining towns include Mercur in Tooele County, Silver Reef in Washington County, Eureka in Juab County, Park City in Summit County and numerous coal mining camps throughout Carbon County such as Castle Gate, Spring Canyon, and Hiawatha.[170]

These settlements were characteristic of the boom and bust cycle that dominated mining towns of the American West. Park City, Utah, and Alta, Utah were boom towns in the early twentieth centuries. Rich silver mines in the mountains adjacent to the towns led to many people flocking to the towns in search of wealth. During the early part of the Cold War era, uranium was mined in eastern Utah. Today mining activity still plays a major role in the state’s economy. Minerals mined in Utah include copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, zinc, lead, and beryllium. Fossil fuels including coal, petroleum, and natural gas continue to play a large role in Utah’s economy, especially in the eastern part of the state in counties such as Carbon, Emery, Grand, and Uintah.[170]

Incidents

In 2007, nine people were killed at the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse.

On March 22, 2013, one miner died and another was injured after they became trapped in a cave-in at a part of the Castle Valley Mining Complex, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the small mining town of Huntington in Emery County.[171]

Energy

Utah extracts more coal and generates more electricity than it consumes.[172] The state has the potential to generate 31.6 TWh/year from 13.1 GW of wind power, and 10,290 TWh/year from solar power using 4,048 GW of photovoltaic (PV), including 5.6 GW of rooftop photovoltaic, and 1,638 GW of concentrated solar power.[173] The Blue Castle Project is working toward building the state’s first nuclear power plant near Green River, Utah. It is projected to be completed in 2030.[174]

Transportation

Road

I-15 and I-80 are the main interstate highways in the state, where they intersect and briefly merge near downtown Salt Lake City. I-15 traverses the state north-to-south, entering from Arizona near St. George, paralleling the Wasatch Front, and crossing into Idaho near Portage. I-80 spans northern Utah east-to-west, entering from Nevada at Wendover, crossing the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City, and entering Wyoming near Evanston. I-84 West enters from Idaho near Snowville (from Boise) and merges with I-15 from Tremonton to Ogden, then heads southeast through the Wasatch Mountains before terminating at I-80 near Echo Junction.

I-70 splits from I-15 at Cove Fort in central Utah and heads east through mountains and rugged desert terrain, providing quick access to the many national parks and national monuments of southern Utah, and has been noted for its beauty. The 103 mi (166 km) stretch from Salina to Green River is the country’s longest stretch of interstate without services and, when completed in 1970, was the longest stretch of entirely new highway constructed in the U.S. since the Alaska Highway was completed in 1943.

Rail and transit

Utah’s Class I freight railroads are the BNSF Railway and the Union Pacific Railway. Interstate passenger rail is provided by Amtrak’s daily California Zephyr train, which runs between Chicago Union Station and Emeryville, California, with stops in Utah at Green River, Helper, Provo, and the Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub. The state was previously served by Amtrak’s Pioneer and Desert Wind trains. Heritage railroads include the Heber Valley Railroad and the Wild Kingdom Train.

The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) operates public transport services throughout the Wasatch Front region. TRAX, the UTA’s light rail system, consists of three lines. The Blue Line (formerly Salt Lake/Sandy Line) begins in the suburb of Draper and ends in Downtown Salt Lake City. The Red Line (Mid-Jordan/University Line) begins in the Daybreak Community of South Jordan, a southwestern valley suburb, and ends at the University of Utah. The Green Line begins in West Valley City, passes through downtown Salt Lake City, and ends at Salt Lake City International Airport. The UTA also operates FrontRunner, a commuter rail line running between Ogden and Provo via Salt Lake City.

The UTA’s bus system stretches from the Salt Lake Valley west to Grantsville and east to Park City. Beyond UTA, the cities of Cedar City, Logan, Park City, and St. George are served by local bus operators. In the winter, the UTA and several private bus companies operate shuttle routes to Utah’s ski resorts.

Air

Salt Lake City International Airport is the only international airport in the state and serves as a hub for Delta Air Lines. The airport has consistently ranked first in on-time departures and had the fewest cancellations among U.S. airports.[175] The airport has non-stop service to more than a hundred destinations throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico, as well as to Amsterdam, London and Paris. Canyonlands Field (near Moab), Cedar City Regional Airport, Ogden-Hinckley Airport, Provo Municipal Airport, St. George Regional Airport, and Vernal Regional Airport all provide limited commercial air service. A new regional airport at St. George opened on January 12, 2011. SkyWest Airlines is also headquartered in St. George and maintains a hub at Salt Lake City.

Law and government

Utah government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The current governor of Utah is Spencer Cox,[176] who was sworn in on January 4, 2021. The governor is elected for a four-year term. The Utah State Legislature consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. State senators serve four-year terms and representatives two-year terms. The Utah Legislature meets each year in January for an annual 45-day session.

The Utah Supreme Court is the court of last resort in Utah. It consists of five justices, who are appointed by the governor, and then subject to retention election. The Utah Court of Appeals handles cases from the trial courts.[177] Trial level courts are the district courts and justice courts. All justices and judges, like those on the Utah Supreme Court, are subject to retention election after appointment.

In a 2020 study, Utah was ranked as the 3rd easiest state for citizens to vote in.[178]

Counties

Utah is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. Since 1918 there have been 29 counties in the state, ranging from 298 to 7,819 square miles (772 to 20,300 km2).

County name County seat Year founded 2020 U.S. census Largest County City Percent of total Area % of state
Beaver Beaver 1856 7,072 Beaver 0.22% 2,589 sq mi (6,710 km2) 3.2%
Box Elder Brigham City 1856 57,666 Brigham City 1.76% 5,745 sq mi (14,880 km2) 7.0%
Cache Logan 1856 133,154 Logan 4.07% 1,164 sq mi (3,010 km2) 1.4%
Carbon Price 1894 20,412 Price 0.62% 1,478 sq mi (3,830 km2) 1.8%
Daggett Manila 1918 935 Manila 0.03% 696 sq mi (1,800 km2) 0.8%
Davis Farmington 1852 362,679 Layton 11.09% 298 sq mi (770 km2) 0.4%
Duchesne Duchesne 1915 19,596 Roosevelt 0.60% 3,240 sq mi (8,400 km2) 3.9%
Emery Castle Dale 1880 9,825 Huntington 0.30% 4,462 sq mi (11,560 km2) 5.4%
Garfield Panguitch 1882 5,051 Panguitch 0.15% 5,175 sq mi (13,400 km2) 6.3%
Grand Moab 1890 9,669 Moab 0.30% 3,671 sq mi (9,510 km2) 4.5%
Iron Parowan 1852 57,289 Cedar City 1.75% 3,296 sq mi (8,540 km2) 4.0%
Juab Nephi 1852 11,786 Nephi 0.36% 3,392 sq mi (8,790 km2) 4.1%
Kane Kanab 1864 7,667 Kanab 0.23% 3,990 sq mi (10,300 km2) 4.9%
Millard Fillmore 1852 12,975 Delta 0.40% 6,572 sq mi (17,020 km2) 8.0%
Morgan Morgan 1862 12,295 Morgan 0.38% 609 sq mi (1,580 km2) 0.7%
Piute Junction 1865 1,438 Circleville 0.04% 757 sq mi (1,960 km2) 0.9%
Rich Randolph 1868 2,510 Garden City 0.08% 1,028 sq mi (2,660 km2) 1.3%
Salt Lake Salt Lake City 1852 1,185,238 Salt Lake City, State Capital. 36.23% 742 sq mi (1,920 km2) 0.9%
San Juan Monticello 1880 14,518 Blanding 0.44% 7,819 sq mi (20,250 km2) 9.5%
Sanpete Manti 1852 28,437 Ephraim 0.87% 1,590 sq mi (4,100 km2) 1.9%
Sevier Richfield 1865 21,522 Richfield 0.66% 1,910 sq mi (4,900 km2) 2.3%
Summit Coalville 1854 42,357 Park City 1.29% 1,871 sq mi (4,850 km2) 2.3%
Tooele Tooele 1852 72,698 Tooele 2.22% 6,941 sq mi (17,980 km2) 8.4%
Uintah Vernal 1880 35,620 Vernal 1.09% 4,479 sq mi (11,600 km2) 5.5%
Utah Provo 1852 659,399 Provo, third largest city in UT. 20.16% 2,003 sq mi (5,190 km2) 2.4%
Wasatch Heber 1862 34,788 Heber City 1.06% 1,175 sq mi (3,040 km2) 1.4%
Washington St. George 1852 180,279 St. George 5.51% 2,426 sq mi (6,280 km2) 3.0%
Wayne Loa 1892 2,486 Loa 0.08% 2,460 sq mi (6,400 km2) 3.0%
Weber Ogden 1852 262,223 Ogden 8.02% 576 sq mi (1,490 km2) 0.7%
  • Total Counties: 29
  • Total 2020 population: 3,271,616[179]
  • Total state area: 82,154 sq mi (212,780 km2)

Women’s rights

Utah granted full voting rights to women in 1870, 26 years before becoming a state. Among all U.S. states, only Wyoming granted suffrage to women earlier.[180] However, in 1887 the initial Edmunds-Tucker Act was passed by Congress in an effort to curtail Mormon influence in the territorial government. One of the provisions of the Act was the repeal of women’s suffrage; full suffrage was not returned until Utah was admitted to the Union in 1896.

Utah is one of the 15 states that have not ratified the U.S. Equal Rights Amendment.[181]

Free-range parenting

In March 2018, Utah passed the United States’ first «free-range parenting» bill. The bill was signed into law by Republican Governor Gary Herbert and states that parents who allow their children to engage in certain activities without supervision are not considered neglectful.[182][183]

Constitution

The constitution of Utah was enacted May 8, 1895.[184] Notably, the constitution outlawed polygamy, as requested by Congress when Utah had applied for statehood, and reestablished the territorial practice of women’s suffrage. Utah’s Constitution has been amended many times since its inception.[185]

Alcohol, tobacco and gambling laws

Utah’s laws in regard to alcohol, tobacco and gambling are strict. Utah is an alcoholic beverage control state. The Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control regulates the sale of alcohol; wine and spirituous liquors may be purchased only at state liquor stores, and local laws may prohibit the sale of beer and other alcoholic beverages on Sundays. The state bans the sale of fruity alcoholic drinks at grocery stores and convenience stores. The law states that such drinks must now have new state-approved labels on the front of the products that contain capitalized letters in bold type telling consumers the drinks contain alcohol and at what percentage. Utah is the only state that imposes a maxium blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.05% for drivers, as opposed to the 0.08% limit in other states.[186] The Utah Indoor Clean Air Act is a statewide smoking ban that prohibits it in many public places.[187] Utah and Hawaii are the only two states in the United States to outlaw all forms of gambling.

Same-sex marriage

Same-sex marriage became legal in Utah on December 20, 2013, when U.S. District Court Judge Robert J. Shelby issued a ruling in Kitchen v. Herbert.[188][189] As of close of business December 26, more than 1,225 marriage licenses were issued, with at least 74 percent, or 905 licenses, issued to gay and lesbian couples.[190] The Utah Attorney General’s office was granted a stay of the ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court on January 6, 2014, while the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals considered the case.[191] On October 6, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court declined a writ of certiorari, and the 10th Circuit Court issued their mandate later that day, lifting their stay. Same-sex marriages commenced again in Utah that day.[192]

Politics

Party registration as of February 27, 2023[193]
Party Total voters Percentage
Republican 952,606 50.50%
Unaffiliated 557,410 29.55%
Democratic 265,788 14.09%
Other 110,553 5.86%
Total 1,886,357 100.00%

The Scott Matheson Courthouse is the seat of the Utah Supreme Court.

In the late 19th century, the federal government took issue with polygamy in the LDS Church. The LDS Church discontinued plural marriage in 1890, and in 1896 Utah gained admission to the Union. Many new people settled the area soon after the Mormon pioneers. Relations have often been strained between the LDS population and the non-LDS population.[194] These tensions have played a large part in Utah’s history (Liberal Party vs. People’s Party).

Utah votes predominantly Republican. Self-identified Latter-day Saints are more likely to vote for the Republican ticket than non-Mormons. Utah is one of the most Republican states in the nation.[195][196] Utah was the single most Republican-leaning state in the country in every presidential election from 1976 to 2004, measured by the percentage point margin between the Republican and Democratic candidates. In 2008 Utah was only the third-most Republican state (after Wyoming and Oklahoma), but in 2012, with Mormon Mitt Romney atop the Republican ticket, Utah returned to its position as the most Republican state. However, the 2016 presidential election result saw Republican Donald Trump carry the state (marking the thirteenth consecutive win by the Republican presidential candidate) with only a plurality, the first time this happened since 1992.

Both of Utah’s U.S. Senators, Mitt Romney and Mike Lee, are Republican. Three more Republicans—Rob Bishop, Chris Stewart, and John Curtis—represent Utah in the United States House of Representatives. Ben McAdams was the sole Democratic member of the Utah delegation, representing the 4th congressional district, based in Salt Lake City, from 2019 to 2021, though he lost re-election to Burgess Owens, a Republican, in 2020. After Jon Huntsman Jr. resigned to serve as U.S. Ambassador to China in 2009, Gary Herbert was sworn in as governor on August 11, 2009. Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010, defeating Democratic nominee Salt Lake County Mayor Peter Corroon with 64% of the vote. He won election to a full four-year term in 2012, defeating the Democrat Peter Cooke with 68% of the vote.

The LDS Church maintains an official policy of neutrality with regard to political parties and candidates.[146]

In the 1970s, then-Apostle Ezra Taft Benson was quoted by the Associated Press that it would be difficult for a faithful Latter-day Saint to be a liberal Democrat.[197] Although the LDS Church has officially repudiated such statements on many occasions, Democratic candidates—including LDS Democrats—believe Republicans capitalize on the perception that the Republican Party is doctrinally superior.[198] Political scientist and pollster Dan Jones explains this disparity by noting that the national Democratic Party is associated with liberal positions on gay marriage and abortion, both of which the LDS Church is against.[199] The Republican Party in heavily Mormon Utah County presents itself as the superior choice for Latter-day Saints. Even though Utah Democratic candidates are predominantly LDS, socially conservative, and pro-life, no Democrat has won in Utah County since 1994.[200]

David Magleby, dean of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Brigham Young University, a lifelong Democrat and a political analyst, asserts that the Republican Party actually has more conservative positions than the LDS Church. Magleby argues that the locally conservative Democrats are in better accord with LDS doctrine.[201] For example, the Republican Party of Utah opposes almost all abortions while Utah Democrats take a more liberal approach, although more conservative than their national counterparts. On Second Amendment issues, the state GOP has been at odds with the LDS Church position opposing concealed firearms in places of worship and in public spaces.

In 1998 the church expressed concern that Utahns perceived the Republican Party as an LDS institution and authorized lifelong Democrat and Seventy Marlin Jensen to promote LDS bipartisanship.[197]

Utah is much more conservative than the United States as a whole, primarily on social issues. Compared to other Republican-dominated states in the Mountain West such as Idaho and Wyoming, Utah politics have a more moralistic and less libertarian character, according to David Magleby.[202]

About 80% of Utah’s Legislature are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,[203] while members account for 61 percent of the population.[204] Since becoming a state in 1896, Utah has had only two non-Mormon governors.[205]

In 2006, the legislature passed legislation aimed at banning joint-custody for a non-biological parent of a child. The custody measure passed the legislature and was vetoed by the governor, a reciprocal benefits supporter.

Carbon County’s Democrats are generally made up of members of the large Greek, Italian, and Southeastern European communities, whose ancestors migrated in the early 20th century to work in the extensive mining industry. The views common amongst this group are heavily influenced by labor politics, particularly of the New Deal Era.[206]

The state’s most Republican areas tend to be Utah County, which is the home to Brigham Young University in the city of Provo, and nearly all the rural counties.[207][208] These areas generally hold socially conservative views in line with that of the national Religious Right. The most Democratic areas of the state lie currently in and around Salt Lake City proper.

The state has not voted for a Democrat for president since 1964. Historically, Republican presidential nominees score one of their best margins of victory here. Utah was the Republicans’ best state in the 1976,[209] 1980,[210] 1984,[211] 1988,[212] 1996,[213] 2000,[214] 2004[215] and 2012 elections. In 1992, Utah was the only state in the nation where Democratic candidate Bill Clinton finished behind both Republican candidate George HW Bush and Independent candidate Ross Perot.[216] In 2004, Republican George W. Bush won every county in the state and Utah gave him his largest margin of victory of any state. He won the state’s five electoral votes by a margin of 46 percentage points with 71.5% of the vote. In the 1996 Presidential elections the Republican candidate received a smaller 54% of the vote while the Democrat earned 34%.[217]

In 2020, the Associated Press wrote a piece profiling Utah’s political culture during that year’s presidential election. The article noted a more bipartisan and cooperative environment, along with conservative support of liberal causes such as LGBT rights and marijuana use, despite the Republican dominance in the state and the political polarization seen in other parts of the U.S. at the time.[218]

Major cities and towns

Utah’s population is concentrated in two areas, the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, with over 2.6 million residents; and Washington County, in southwestern Utah, locally known as «Dixie», with more than 175,000 residents in the metropolitan area.

According to the 2010 census, Utah was the second fastest-growing state (at 23.8 percent) in the United States between 2000 and 2010 (behind Nevada). St. George, in the southwest, is the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States, trailing Greeley, Colorado.

The three fastest-growing counties from 2000 to 2010 were Wasatch County (54.7%), Washington County (52.9%), and Tooele County (42.9%). However, Utah County added the most people (148,028). Between 2000 and 2010, Saratoga Springs (1,673%), Herriman (1,330%), Eagle Mountain (893%), Cedar Hills (217%), South Willard (168%), Nibley (166%), Syracuse (159%), West Haven (158%), Lehi (149%), Washington (129%), and Stansbury Park (116%) all at least doubled in population. West Jordan (35,376), Lehi (28,379), St. George (23,234), South Jordan (20,981), West Valley City (20,584), and Herriman (20,262) all added at least 20,000 people.[219]

Utah
Rank
City Population
(2020)
within
city limits
Land
area
Population
density
(/mi2)
Population
density
(/km2)
County
1 Salt Lake City 199,723 109.1 sq mi (283 km2) 1,830.6 706 Salt Lake
2 West Valley City 140,230 35.4 sq mi (92 km2) 3,961.3 1,524 Salt Lake
3 West Jordan 116,961 30.9 sq mi (80 km2) 3,785.1 1,462 Salt Lake
4 Provo 115,162 39.6 sq mi (103 km2) 2,908.1 1,118 Utah County
5 Orem 98,129 18.4 sq mi (48 km2) 5,333.1 2,044 Utah County
6 Sandy 96,904 22.3 sq mi (58 km2) 4,345.5 1,671 Salt Lake
7 St. George 95,342 64.4 sq mi (167 km2) 1,480.5 571 Washington
8 Ogden 87,321 26.6 sq mi (69 km2) 3,282.7 1,266 Weber
9 Layton 81,773 22.0 sq mi (57 km2) 3,717 1,434 Davis
10 South Jordan 77,487 22.05 sq mi (57 km2) 3,514.1 1,359 Salt Lake
11 Lehi 75,907 26.3 sq mi (68 km2) 2,886.2 1,116 Utah
12 Millcreek 63,380 13.7 sq mi (35 km2) 4,626.3 1,811 Salt Lake
13 Taylorsville 60,448 10.7 sq mi (28 km2) 5,649.3 2,159 Salt Lake
Combined statistical area Population
(2010)
Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield
comprises:
Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Areas and
Brigham City and Heber Micropolitan Areas (as listed below)
1,744,886
Utah
Rank
Metropolitan area Population
(2017)
Counties
1 Salt Lake City* 1,203,105 Salt Lake, Tooele, Summit
2 Ogden-Clearfield* 665,358 Weber, Davis, Morgan
3 Provo-Orem 617,675 Utah
4 St. George 165,662 Washington
5 Logan 138,002 Cache, Franklin (Idaho)
  • Until 2003, the Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan areas were considered as a single metropolitan area.[citation needed]
Utah
Rank
Micropolitan area Population
(2010)
1 Brigham City 49,015
2 Cedar City 44,540
3 Vernal 29,885
4 Heber 21,066
5 Price 19,549
6 Richfield 18,382
  • Salt Lake City

  • Logan

  • Ogden

  • Park City

  • Provo

  • Sandy

  • St. George

  • Layton

Colleges and universities

  • Bridgerland Technical College in Logan
  • Broadview College in West Jordan
  • Brigham Young University in Provo (satellite campus in Salt Lake City)
  • Davis Technical College in Kaysville
  • Eagle Gate College in Murray and Layton
  • Ensign College (formerly LDS Business College) in Salt Lake City
  • Joyce University of Nursing and Health Sciences (formerly Ameritech College of Healthcare) in Draper
  • Mountainland Technical College in Lehi
  • Neumont College of Computer Science in South Jordan
  • Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine in Provo
  • Ogden–Weber Technical College in Ogden
  • Provo College in Provo
  • Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions in Provo
  • Roseman University in South Jordan, Utah
  • Salt Lake Community College in Taylorsville
  • Snow College in Ephraim and Richfield
  • Southern Utah University in Cedar City
  • Southwest Technical College in Cedar City
  • Tooele Technical College in Tooele
  • Uintah Basin Technical College in Roosevelt
  • University of Phoenix at various locations statewide
  • University of Utah in Salt Lake City
  • Utah State University in Logan (satellite campuses at various state locations)
  • Utah State University Eastern in Price
  • Utah Tech University in St. George (formerly Dixie State University) as of May 2022, and legal effect in July 2022.[220])
  • Utah Valley University in Orem
  • Weber State University in Ogden
  • Western Governors University an online only university, headquartered in Salt Lake City
  • Westminster College in Salt Lake City

Culture

Sports

The Utah Jazz playing against the Houston Rockets

Utah is the second-least populous U.S. state to have a major professional sports league franchise, after the Vegas Golden Knights joined the National Hockey League in 2017. The Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association play at Vivint Arena[221] in Salt Lake City. The team moved to the city from New Orleans in 1979 and has been one of the most consistently successful teams in the league (although they have yet to win a championship). Salt Lake City was previously host to the Utah Stars, who competed in the ABA from 1970 to 1976 and won one championship, and to the Utah Starzz of the WNBA from 1997 to 2003.

Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer was founded in 2005 and play their home matches at Rio Tinto Stadium (now known as America First Field in Sandy. RSL remains the only Utah major league sports team to have won a national championship, having won the MLS Cup in 2009.[222] RSL currently operates three adult teams in addition to the MLS side. Real Monarchs, competing in the third-tier MLS Next Pro, is the official reserve side for RSL. The team began play in the 2015 season at Rio Tinto Stadium,[223] remaining there until moving to Zions Bank Stadium, located at RSL’s training center in Herriman, for the 2018 season and beyond.[224] Utah Royals FC, which shares ownership with RSL and also plays at America First Field, has played in the National Women’s Soccer League, the top level of U.S. women’s soccer, since 2018.[225] Before the creation of the Royals, RSL’s main women’s side had been Real Salt Lake Women, which began play in the Women’s Premier Soccer League in 2008 and moved to United Women’s Soccer in 2016. RSL Women currently play at Utah Valley University in Orem.

Utah’s highest level Minor League Baseball team is the Triple-A Salt Lake Bees, who play at Smith’s Ballpark in Salt Lake City as a part of the Pacific Coast League. Utah also has one minor league hockey team, the Utah Grizzlies, who play at the Maverik Center and compete in the ECHL.

Utah has seven universities that compete in Division I of the NCAA. Three of the schools have football programs that participate in the top-level Football Bowl Subdivision: Utah in the Pac-12 Conference, Utah State in the Mountain West Conference, and BYU as an independent (although BYU competes in the non-football West Coast Conference for most other sports). In addition, Weber State and Southern Utah (SUU) compete in the Big Sky Conference of the FCS. Utah Tech, with an FCS football program, and Utah Valley, with no football program, are members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

Salt Lake City hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. After early financial struggles and scandal, the 2002 Olympics eventually became among the most successful Winter Olympics in history from a marketing and financial standpoint. Watched by more than two billion viewers, the Games ended up with a profit of $100 million.[226]

Utah has hosted professional golf tournaments such as the Uniting Fore Care Classic and currently the Utah Championship.

Rugby has been growing quickly in the state of Utah, growing from 17 teams in 2009 to 70 as of 2013 with more than 3,000 players, and more than 55 high school varsity teams.[227][228] The growth has been inspired in part by the 2008 movie Forever Strong.[228] Utah fields two of the most competitive teams in the nation in college rugby—BYU and Utah.[227] BYU has won the National Championship in 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Formed in 2017, the Utah Warriors are a Major League Rugby team based in Salt Lake City.[229]

Entertainment

Utah is the setting of or the filming location for many books, films,[230] television series,[230] music videos, and video games.

Utah’s capitol Salt Lake City is the final location in the video game The Last of Us.[231]

See also

  • Index of Utah-related articles
  • Outline of Utah

Notes

  1. ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
  2. ^ Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the website of the Division of Utah State Parks and Recreation.

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Further reading

  • Brown, Adam R. Utah politics and government: American democracy among a unique electorate (U of Nebraska Press, 2018).
  • Ching, Jacqueline. Utah: Past and Present (Rosen, 2010).
  • May, Dean L. Utah: A people’s history (U of Utah Press, 1987).
  • Peterson, Charles S. and Brian Q. Cannon. The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. ISBN 978-1-60781-421-4
  • Powell, Allan Kent, ed. (1994), Utah History Encyclopedia, Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press, ISBN 0874804256, OCLC 30473917

External links

General

  • Utah at Curlie

Government

  • «State of Utah» (official Web site).
  • «Energy Data & Statistics for Utah». US: DoE. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

Military

  • «National Guard». UT: Army. Archived from the original on June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  • «Air National Guard». UT: Air Force. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «Hill Air Force Base». UT: Air Force. Retrieved May 4, 2017.

Maps and demographics

  • Gamble, W. H.; Mitchell, S. Augustus (1875). County map of Utah and Nevada (Map). Texas Tech University.«Utah State Facts». USDA. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Utah». USGS. Archived from the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «QuickFacts». The US: Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015..
  • Geographic data related to Utah at OpenStreetMap

Tourism and recreation

  • Utah Office of Tourism Official Website Archived February 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
  • Office of Tourism (requires Adobe Flash)
  • Utah State Parks
  • Utah Traffic and Road Conditions

Other

  • Utah State Chamber of Commerce

Coordinates: 39°N 111°W / 39°N 111°W

Utah

State

State of Utah

Flag of Utah

Flag

Official seal of Utah

Seal

Nickname(s): 

«Beehive State» (official), «The Mormon State», «Deseret»

Motto: 

Industry

Anthem: «Utah…This Is the Place»
Map of the United States with Utah highlighted

Map of the United States with Utah highlighted

Country United States
Before statehood Utah Territory
Admitted to the Union January 4, 1896 (45th)
Capital
(and largest city)
Salt Lake City
Largest metro and urban areas Salt Lake City
Government
 • Governor Spencer Cox (R)
 • Lieutenant Governor Deidre Henderson (R)
Legislature State Legislature
 • Upper house State Senate
 • Lower house House of Representatives
Judiciary Utah Supreme Court
U.S. senators Mike Lee (R)
Mitt Romney (R)
U.S. House delegation 1: Blake Moore (R)
2: Chris Stewart (R)
3: John Curtis (R)
4: Burgess Owens (R) (list)
Area
 • Total 84,899 sq mi (219,887 km2)
 • Land 82,144 sq mi (212,761 km2)
 • Water 2,755 sq mi (7,136 km2)  3.25%
 • Rank 13th
Dimensions
 • Length 350 mi (560 km)
 • Width 270 mi (435 km)
Elevation 6,100 ft (1,860 m)
Highest elevation

(Kings Peak[1][2][a])

13,534 ft (4,120.3 m)
Lowest elevation

(Beaver Dam Wash at Arizona border[2][a][3])

2,180 ft (664.4 m)
Population

 (2020)

 • Total 3,271,616[4]
 • Rank 30th
 • Density 36.53/sq mi (14.12/km2)
  • Rank 41st
 • Median household income $60,365[5]
 • Income rank 11th
Demonym Utahn or Utahan[6]
Language
 • Official language English
Time zone UTC−07:00 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation

UT

ISO 3166 code US-UT
Traditional abbreviation Ut.
Latitude 37° N to 42° N
Longitude 109°3′ W to 114°3′ W
Website utah.gov
State symbols of Utah

List of state symbols
Flag of Utah.svg

Flag of Utah

Seal of Utah.svg

Seal of Utah

Living insignia
Bird California gull
Fish Bonneville cutthroat trout[7]
Flower Sego lily
Grass Indian ricegrass
Mammal Rocky Mountain Elk
Reptile Gila monster
Tree Quaking aspen
Inanimate insignia
Dance Square dance
Dinosaur Utahraptor
Firearm Browning M1911
Fossil Allosaurus
Gemstone Topaz
Mineral Copper[7]
Rock Coal[7]
Tartan Utah State Centennial Tartan
State route marker
Route marker
State quarter
Utah quarter dollar coin

Released in 2007

Lists of United States state symbols

Utah ( YOO-tah, YOO-taw) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to its west by Nevada. Utah also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area; with a population over three million, it is the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population and includes the capital city, Salt Lake City; and Washington County in the southwest, with more than 180,000 residents.[8] Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.

Utah has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups such as the ancient Puebloans, Navajo and Ute. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region’s difficult geography and harsh climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was Mexican territory, many of Utah’s earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States. Following the Mexican–American War in 1848, the region was annexed by the U.S., becoming part of the Utah Territory, which included what is now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah’s admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted in 1896 as the 45th.

People from Utah are known as Utahns.[9] Slightly over half of all Utahns are Mormons, the vast majority of whom are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City;[10] Utah is the only state where a majority of the population belongs to a single church.[11] The LDS Church greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life,[12] though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.

Utah has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, and tourism. Utah has been one of the fastest growing states since 2000,[13] with the 2020 U.S. census confirming the fastest population growth in the nation since 2010. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005.[14] Utah ranks among the overall best states in metrics such as healthcare, governance, education, and infrastructure.[15] It has the 14th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. Over time and influenced by climate change, droughts in Utah have been increasing in frequency and severity,[16] putting a further strain on Utah’s water security and impacting the state’s economy.[17]

Etymology

The name Utah is said to derive from the name of the Ute tribe, meaning ‘people of the mountains’.[18] However, no such word actually exists in the Utes’ language, and the Utes refer to themselves as Noochee. The meaning of Utes as ‘the mountain people’ has been attributed to the neighboring Pueblo Indians,[19] as well as to the Apache word Yuttahih, which means ‘one that is higher up’ or ‘those that are higher up’.[18] In Spanish, it was pronounced Yuta; subsequently, English-speaking people may have adapted the word as Utah.[20]

History

Pre-Columbian

Map showing Utah in 1838 when it was part of Mexico, Britannica 7th edition

Thousands of years before the arrival of European explorers, the Ancestral Puebloans and the Fremont people lived in what is now known as Utah, some of which spoke languages of the Uto-Aztecan group. Ancestral Pueblo peoples built their homes through excavations in mountains, and the Fremont people built houses of straw before disappearing from the region around the 15th century.

Another group of Native Americans, the Navajo, settled in the region around the 18th century. In the mid-18th century, other Uto-Aztecan tribes, including the Goshute, the Paiute, the Shoshone, and the Ute people, also settled in the region. These five groups were present when the first European explorers arrived.[21][22]

Spanish exploration (1540)

The southern Utah region was explored by the Spanish in 1540, led by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, while looking for the legendary Cíbola. A group led by two Catholic priests—sometimes called the Domínguez–Escalante expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the coast of California. The expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. The Spanish made further explorations in the region but were not interested in colonizing the area because of its desert nature. In 1821, the year Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, the region became known as part of its territory of Alta California.

European trappers and fur traders explored some areas of Utah in the early 19th century from Canada and the United States. The city of Provo, Utah, was named for one Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah, was named after Peter Skene Ogden, a Canadian explorer who traded furs in the Weber Valley.

In late 1824, Jim Bridger became the first known English-speaking person to sight the Great Salt Lake. Due to the high salinity of its waters, he thought he had found the Pacific Ocean; he subsequently learned this body of water was a giant salt lake. After the discovery of the lake, hundreds of American and Canadian traders and trappers established trading posts in the region. In the 1830s, thousands of migrants traveling from the Eastern United States to the American West began to make stops in the region of the Great Salt Lake, then known as Lake Youta.[citation needed]

Latter Day Saint settlement (1847)

Following the death of Joseph Smith in 1844, Brigham Young, as president of the Quorum of the Twelve, became the leader of the LDS Church in Nauvoo, Illinois.[23] To address the growing conflicts between his people and their neighbors, Young agreed with Illinois Governor Thomas Ford in October 1845 that the Mormons would leave by the following year.[24]

Young and the first group of Mormon pioneers reached the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. Over the next 22 years, more than 70,000 pioneers crossed the plains and settled in Utah.[25] For the first few years, Brigham Young and the thousands of early settlers of Salt Lake City struggled to survive. The arid desert land was deemed by the Mormons as desirable as a place where they could practice their religion without harassment.

Settlers buried thirty-six Native Americans in one grave after an outbreak of measles occurred during the winter of 1847.[26]

The first group of settlers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery.[27] Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with the first group of settlers in 1847.[28] The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade,[29] as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war.[30][31]

Utah was Mexican territory when the first pioneers arrived in 1847. Early in the Mexican–American War in late 1846, the United States had taken control of New Mexico and California. The entire Southwest became U.S. territory upon the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on March 11. Learning that California and New Mexico were applying for statehood, the settlers of the Utah area (originally having planned to petition for territorial status) applied for statehood with an ambitious plan for a State of Deseret.

The Mormon settlements provided pioneers for other settlements in the West. Salt Lake City became the hub of a «far-flung commonwealth»[32] of Mormon settlements. With new church converts coming from the East and around the world, Church leaders often assigned groups of church members as missionaries to establish other settlements throughout the West. They developed irrigation to support fairly large pioneer populations along Utah’s Wasatch front (Salt Lake City, Bountiful and Weber Valley, and Provo and Utah Valley).[33] Throughout the remainder of the 19th century, Mormon pioneers established hundreds of other settlements in Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Wyoming, California, Canada, and Mexico—including in Las Vegas, Nevada; Franklin, Idaho (the first European settlement in Idaho); San Bernardino, California; Mesa, Arizona; Star Valley, Wyoming; and Carson Valley, Nevada.

Prominent settlements in Utah included St. George, Logan, and Manti (where settlers completed the LDS Church’s first three temples in Utah, each started after but finished many years before the larger and better known temple built in Salt Lake City was completed in 1893), as well as Parowan, Cedar City, Bluff, Moab, Vernal, Fillmore (which served as the territorial capital between 1850 and 1856), Nephi, Levan, Spanish Fork, Springville, Provo Bench (now Orem), Pleasant Grove, American Fork, Lehi, Sandy, Murray, Jordan, Centerville, Farmington, Huntsville, Kaysville, Grantsville, Tooele, Roy, Brigham City, and many other smaller towns and settlements. Young had an expansionist’s view of the territory that he and the Mormon pioneers were settling, calling it Deseret—which according to the Book of Mormon was an ancient word for «honeybee». This is symbolized by the beehive on the Utah flag, and the state’s motto, «Industry».[34]

Utah Territory (1850–1896)

A sketch of Salt Lake City in 1860

The Utah Territory was much smaller than the proposed state of Deseret, but it still contained all of the present states of Nevada and Utah as well as pieces of modern Wyoming and Colorado.[35] It was created with the Compromise of 1850, and Fillmore, named after President Millard Fillmore, was designated the capital. The territory was given the name Utah after the Ute tribe of Native Americans. Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital in 1856.

By 1850, there were around 100 black people in the territory, the majority of whom were slaves.[36] In Salt Lake County, 26 slaves were counted.[26] In 1852, the territorial legislature passed the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners formally legalizing slavery in the territory. Slavery was abolished in the territory during the Civil War.

In 1850, Salt Lake City sent out a force known as the Nauvoo Legion and engaged the Timpanogos in the Battle at Fort Utah.[30]: 71 

Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the U.S. government intensified due to the practice of plural marriage, or polygamy, among members of the LDS Church. The Mormons were still pushing for the establishment of a State of Deseret with the new borders of the Utah Territory. Most, if not all, of the members of the U.S. government opposed the polygamous practices of the Mormons.

Members of the LDS Church were viewed as un-American and rebellious when news of their polygamous practices spread. In 1857, particularly heinous accusations of abdication of government and general immorality were leveled by former associate justice William W. Drummond, among others. The detailed reports of life in Utah caused the administration of James Buchanan to send a secret military «expedition» to Utah. When the supposed rebellion should be quelled, Alfred Cumming would take the place of Brigham Young as territorial governor. The resulting conflict is known as the Utah War, nicknamed «Buchanan’s Blunder» by the Mormon leaders.

In September 1857, about 120 American settlers of the Baker–Fancher wagon train, en route to California from Arkansas, were murdered by Utah Territorial Militia and some Paiute Native Americans in the Mountain Meadows massacre.[37]

Before troops led by Albert Sidney Johnston entered the territory, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City to evacuate southward to Utah Valley and sent out the Nauvoo Legion to delay the government’s advance. Although wagons and supplies were burned, eventually the troops arrived in 1858, and Young surrendered official control to Cumming, although most subsequent commentators claim that Young retained true power in the territory. A steady stream of governors appointed by the president quit the position, often citing the traditions of their supposed territorial government. By agreement with Young, Johnston established Camp Floyd, 40 miles (60 km) away from Salt Lake City, to the southwest.

Salt Lake City was the last link of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, completed in October 1861. Brigham Young was among the first to send a message, along with Abraham Lincoln and other officials.

Because of the American Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory in 1861. This was a boon to the local economy as the army sold everything in camp for pennies on the dollar before marching back east to join the war. The territory was then left in LDS hands until Patrick E. Connor arrived with a regiment of California volunteers in 1862. Connor established Fort Douglas just 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his people to discover mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the territory. Minerals were discovered in Tooele County and miners began to flock to the territory.

Beginning in 1865, Utah’s Black Hawk War developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory’s history. Chief Antonga Black Hawk died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the Ghost Dance of 1872. The war is unique among Indian Wars because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos Utes led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and LDS authorities.

On May 10, 1869, the First transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake.[38] The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the territory and several influential businesspeople made fortunes there.

During the 1870s and 1880s laws were passed to punish polygamists due, in part, to stories from Utah. Notably, Ann Eliza Young—tenth wife to divorce Brigham Young, women’s advocate, national lecturer and author of Wife No. 19 or My Life of Bondage and Mr. and Mrs. Fanny Stenhouse, authors of The Rocky Mountain Saints (T. B. H. Stenhouse, 1873) and Tell It All: My Life in Mormonism (Fanny Stenhouse, 1875). Both Ann Eliza and Fanny testify to the happiness of the very early Church members before polygamy. They independently published their books in 1875. These books and the lectures of Ann Eliza Young have been credited with the United States Congress passage of anti-polygamy laws by newspapers throughout the United States as recorded in «The Ann Eliza Young Vindicator», a pamphlet which detailed Ms Young’s travels and warm reception throughout her lecture tour.

T. B. H. Stenhouse, former Utah Mormon polygamist, Mormon missionary for thirteen years and a Salt Lake City newspaper owner, finally left Utah and wrote The Rocky Mountain Saints. His book gives a witnessed account of life in Utah, both the good and the bad. He finally left Utah and Mormonism after financial ruin occurred when Brigham Young sent Stenhouse to relocate to Ogden, Utah, according to Stenhouse, to take over his thriving pro-Mormon Salt Lake Telegraph newspaper. In addition to these testimonies, The Confessions of John D. Lee, written by John D. Lee—alleged «Scape goat» for the Mountain Meadow Massacre—also came out in 1877. The corroborative testimonies coming out of Utah from Mormons and former Mormons influenced Congress and the people of the United States.

In the 1890 Manifesto, the LDS Church banned polygamy. When Utah applied for statehood again, it was accepted. One of the conditions for granting Utah statehood was that a ban on polygamy be written into the state constitution. This was a condition required of other western states that were admitted into the Union later. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.

20th century to present

Children reading in Santa Clara, Utah, in 1940

Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as Bryce Canyon National Park and Zion National Park, Utah became known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes featured in the popular mid-century western film genre. From such films, most US residents recognize such natural landmarks as Delicate Arch and «the Mittens» of Monument Valley.[39] During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the Interstate highway system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.

Since the establishment of Alta Ski Area in 1939 and the subsequent development of several ski resorts in the state’s mountains, Utah’s skiing has become world-renowned. The dry, powdery snow of the Wasatch Range is considered some of the best skiing in the world (the state license plate once claimed «the Greatest Snow on Earth»).[40][41] Salt Lake City won the bid for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, and this served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues built along the Wasatch Front continue to be used for sporting events. Preparation for the Olympics spurred the development of the light-rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, known as TRAX, and the re-construction of the freeway system around the city.

In 1957, Utah created the Utah State Parks Commission with four parks. Today, Utah State Parks manages 43 parks and several undeveloped areas totaling over 95,000 acres (380 km2) of land and more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) of water. Utah’s state parks are scattered throughout Utah, from Bear Lake State Park at the Utah/Idaho border to Edge of the Cedars State Park Museum deep in the Four Corners region and everywhere in between. Utah State Parks is also home to the state’s off highway vehicle office, state boating office and the trails program.[42]

During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s growth was phenomenal in the suburbs of the Wasatch Front. Sandy was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time. Today, many areas of Utah continue to see boom-time growth. Northern Davis, southern and western Salt Lake, Summit, eastern Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Washington counties are all growing very quickly. Management of transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics, as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas and transportation is a major reason for poor air quality in Utah.

On March 8, 2020, Utah suffered a 5.7 magnitude earthquake originating 3.7 mi (6.0 km) northeast of Magna, near Salt Lake City.[43]

Geography and geology

Utah is known for its natural diversity and is home to features ranging from arid deserts with sand dunes to thriving pine forests in mountain valleys. It is a rugged and geographically diverse state at the convergence of three distinct geological regions: the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, and the Colorado Plateau.

Utah covers an area of 84,899 sq mi (219,890 km2). It is one of the Four Corners states and is bordered by Idaho in the north, Wyoming in the north and east, by Colorado in the east, at a single point by New Mexico to the southeast, by Arizona in the south, and by Nevada in the west. Only three U.S. states (Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming) have exclusively latitude and longitude lines as boundaries.

One of Utah’s defining characteristics is the variety of its terrain. Running down the middle of the state’s northern third is the Wasatch Range, which rises to heights of almost 12,000 ft (3,700 m) above sea level. Utah is home to world-renowned ski resorts made popular by light, fluffy snow and winter storms that regularly dump up to three feet of it overnight. In the state’s northeastern section, running east to west, are the Uinta Mountains, which rise to heights of over 13,000 feet (4,000 m). The highest point in the state, Kings Peak, at 13,528 feet (4,123 m),[44] lies within the Uinta Mountains.

At the western base of the Wasatch Range is the Wasatch Front, a series of valleys and basins that are home to the most populous parts of the state. It stretches approximately from Brigham City at the north end to Nephi at the south end. Approximately 75 percent of the state’s population lives in this corridor, and population growth is rapid.

Western Utah is mostly arid desert with a basin and range topography. Small mountain ranges and rugged terrain punctuate the landscape. The Bonneville Salt Flats are an exception, being comparatively flat as a result of once forming the bed of ancient Lake Bonneville. Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, Sevier Lake, and Rush Lake are all remnants of this ancient freshwater lake,[45] which once covered most of the eastern Great Basin. West of the Great Salt Lake, stretching to the Nevada border, lies the arid Great Salt Lake Desert. One exception to this aridity is Snake Valley, which is (relatively) lush due to large springs and wetlands fed from groundwater derived from snow melt in the Snake Range, Deep Creek Range, and other tall mountains to the west of Snake Valley. Great Basin National Park is just over the Nevada state line in the southern Snake Range. One of western Utah’s most impressive, but least visited attractions is Notch Peak, the tallest limestone cliff in North America, located west of Delta.

Much of the scenic southern and southeastern landscape (specifically the Colorado Plateau region) is sandstone, specifically Kayenta sandstone and Navajo sandstone. The Colorado River and its tributaries wind their way through the sandstone, creating some of the world’s most striking and wild terrain (the area around the confluence of the Colorado and Green Rivers was the last to be mapped in the lower 48 United States). Wind and rain have also sculpted the soft sandstone over millions of years. Canyons, gullies, arches, pinnacles, buttes, bluffs, and mesas are the common sights throughout south-central and southeast Utah.

This terrain is the central feature of protected state and federal parks such as Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion national parks, Cedar Breaks, Grand Staircase–Escalante, Hovenweep, and Natural Bridges national monuments, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (site of the popular tourist destination, Lake Powell), Dead Horse Point and Goblin Valley state parks, and Monument Valley. The Navajo Nation also extends into southeastern Utah. Southeastern Utah is also punctuated by the remote, but lofty La Sal, Abajo, and Henry mountain ranges.

Eastern (northern quarter) Utah is a high-elevation area covered mostly by plateaus and basins, particularly the Tavaputs Plateau and San Rafael Swell, which remain mostly inaccessible, and the Uinta Basin, where the majority of eastern Utah’s population lives. Economies are dominated by mining, oil shale, oil, and natural gas-drilling, ranching, and recreation. Much of eastern Utah is part of the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation. The most popular destination within northeastern Utah is Dinosaur National Monument near Vernal.

Southwestern Utah is the lowest and hottest spot in Utah. It is known as Utah’s Dixie because early settlers were able to grow some cotton there. Beaverdam Wash in far southwestern Utah is the lowest point in the state, at 2,000 feet (610 m).[44] The northernmost portion of the Mojave Desert is also located in this area. Dixie is quickly becoming a popular recreational and retirement destination, and the population is growing rapidly. Although the Wasatch Mountains end at Mount Nebo near Nephi, a complex series of mountain ranges extends south from the southern end of the range down the spine of Utah. Just north of Dixie and east of Cedar City is the state’s highest ski resort, Brian Head.

Like most of the western and southwestern states, the federal government owns much of the land in Utah. Over 70 percent of the land is either BLM land, Utah State Trustland, or U.S. National Forest, U.S. National Park, U.S. National Monument, National Recreation Area or U.S. Wilderness Area.[46] Utah is the only state where every county contains some national forest.[47]

  • Arches National Park

  • Pariette Wetlands

    Pariette Wetlands

  • Little Cottonwood Canyon

  • Deer Creek Reservoir

  • American Fork Canyon

  • Kolob Canyons at Zion National Park

Adjacent states

  • Idaho (north)
  • Wyoming (east and north)
  • Colorado (east)
  • Nevada (west)
  • Arizona (south)

Climate

Utah features a dry, semi-arid to desert climate,[48] although its many mountains feature a large variety of climates, with the highest points in the Uinta Mountains being above the timberline. The dry weather is a result of the state’s location in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada in California. The eastern half of the state lies in the rain shadow of the Wasatch Mountains. The primary source of precipitation for the state is the Pacific Ocean, with the state usually lying in the path of large Pacific storms from October to May. In summer, the state, especially southern and eastern Utah, lies in the path of monsoon moisture from the Gulf of California.

Most of the lowland areas receive less than 12 inches (305 mm) of precipitation annually, although the I-15 corridor, including the densely populated Wasatch Front, receives approximately 15 inches (381 mm). The Great Salt Lake Desert is the driest area of the state, with less than 5 inches (127 mm). Snowfall is common in all but the far southern valleys. Although St. George receives only about 3 inches (76 mm) per year, Salt Lake City sees about 60 inches (1,524 mm), enhanced by the lake-effect snow from the Great Salt Lake, which increases snowfall totals to the south, southeast, and east of the lake.

Some areas of the Wasatch Range in the path of the lake-effect receive up to 500 inches (12,700 mm) per year. This micro climate of enhanced snowfall from the Great Salt Lake spans the entire proximity of the lake. The cottonwood canyons adjacent to Salt Lake City are located in the right position to receive more precipitation from the lake.[49] The consistently deep powder snow led Utah’s ski industry to adopt the slogan «the Greatest Snow on Earth» in the 1980s. In the winter, temperature inversions are a common phenomenon across Utah’s low basins and valleys, leading to thick haze and fog that can last for weeks at a time, especially in the Uintah Basin. Although at other times of year its air quality is good, winter inversions give Salt Lake City some of the worst wintertime pollution in the country.

Previous studies have indicated a widespread decline in snowpack over Utah accompanied by a decline in the snow–precipitation ratio while anecdotal evidence claims have been put forward that measured changes in Utah’s snowpack are spurious and do not reflect actual change. A 2012 study[50] found that the proportion of winter (January–March) precipitation falling as snow has decreased by nine percent during the last half century, a combined result from a significant increase in rainfall and a minor decrease in snowfall. Meanwhile, observed snow depth across Utah has decreased and is accompanied by consistent decreases in snow cover and surface albedo. Weather systems with the potential to produce precipitation in Utah have decreased in number with those producing snowfall decreasing at a considerably greater rate.[51]

Utah’s temperatures are extreme, with cold temperatures in winter due to its elevation, and very hot summers statewide (with the exception of mountain areas and high mountain valleys). Utah is usually protected from major blasts of cold air by mountains lying north and east of the state, although major Arctic blasts can occasionally reach the state. Average January high temperatures range from around 30 °F (−1 °C) in some northern valleys to almost 55 °F (13 °C) in St. George.

Temperatures dropping below 0 °F (−18 °C) should be expected on occasion in most areas of the state most years, although some areas see it often (for example, the town of Randolph averages about fifty days per year with temperatures that low). In July, average highs range from about 85 to 100 °F (29 to 38 °C). However, the low humidity and high elevation typically leads to large temperature variations, leading to cool nights most summer days. The record high temperature in Utah was 118 °F (48 °C), recorded south of St. George on July 4, 2007,[52] and the record low was −69 °F (−56 °C), recorded at Peter Sinks in the Bear River Mountains of northern Utah on February 1, 1985.[53] However, the record low for an inhabited location is −49 °F (−45 °C) at Woodruff on December 12, 1932.[54]

Utah, like most of the western United States, has few days of thunderstorms. On average there are fewer than 40 days of thunderstorm activity during the year, although these storms can be briefly intense when they do occur. They are most likely to occur during monsoon season from about mid-July through mid-September, especially in southern and eastern Utah. Dry lightning strikes and the general dry weather often spark wildfires in summer, while intense thunderstorms can lead to flash flooding, especially in the rugged terrain of southern Utah. Although spring is the wettest season in northern Utah, late summer is the wettest period for much of the south and east of the state. Tornadoes are uncommon in Utah, with an average of two striking the state yearly, rarely higher than EF1 intensity.[55]

One exception of note, however, was the unprecedented Salt Lake City Tornado that moved directly across downtown Salt Lake City on August 11, 1999. The F2 tornado killed one person, injured sixty others, and caused approximately $170 million in damage;[56] it was the second strongest tornado in the state behind an F3 on August 11, 1993, in the Uinta Mountains.[56][57] The only other reported tornado fatality in Utah’s history was a 7-year-old girl who was killed while camping in Summit County on July 6, 1884.[56] The last tornado of above (E)F0 intensity occurred on September 8, 2002, when an F2 tornado hit Manti.[56]

Wildlife

Utah is home to more than 600 vertebrate animals[58] as well as numerous invertebrates and insects.[59]

Mammals

Mammals are found in every area of Utah. Non-predatory larger mammals include the plains bison,[60][61] elk,[62] moose,[63] mountain goat,[63] mule deer,[63] pronghorn,[64] and multiple types of bighorn sheep.[65][66][67] Non-predatory small mammals include muskrat,[63] and nutria.[68] Large and small predatory mammals include the black bear,[63] cougar,[63] Canada lynx,[69] bobcat,[63] fox (gray, red, and kit),[63] coyote,[63] badger,[63] black-footed ferret,[70] mink,[63] stoat,[63] long-tailed weasel,[63] raccoon,[63] and otter.[71]

The brown bear was formerly found within Utah, but has been extirpated.[72] There are no confirmed mating pairs of gray wolf in Utah, though there have been sightings in northeastern Utah along the Wyoming border.[73][74]

Birds

As of January 2020, there were 466 species included in the official list managed by the Utah Bird Records Committee (UBRC).[75][76] Of these, 119 are classed as accidental, 29 are classed as occasional, 57 are classed as rare, and 10 have been introduced to Utah or North America. Eleven of the accidental species are also classed as provisional.

Due to the miracle of the gulls incident in 1848, the most well known bird in Utah is the California gull, which is the Utah state bird.[77][78] A monument in Salt Lake City commemorates this event, known as the «Miracle of the Gulls».[78] Other gulls common to Utah include Bonaparte’s gull,[79] the ring-billed gull, and Franklin’s gull.

Other birds commonly found include the American robin,[80] the common starling, finches (black rosy,[81] Cassin’s,[82] and goldfinch),[83] the black-billed magpie,[84] mourning doves, sparrows (house, tree,[85] black-chinned,[86] black-throated,[87] Brewer’s,[88] and chipping),[89] Clark’s grebe,[90] the ferruginous hawk, geese (snow, cackling,[91] and Canada),[92] eagles (golden and bald),[93] California quail,[94] mountain bluebird, and hummingbirds (calliope,[95] black-chinned,[96] and broad-tailed).[97]

Invertebrates

Western black widow spider

Utah is host to a wide variety of arachnids, insects, mollusks, and other invertebrates. Arachnids include the Arizona bark scorpion,[98] Western black widow spiders,[99] crab spiders,[100] hobo spiders (Tegenaria agrestis),[101] cellar spiders, American grass spiders, woodlouse spiders.[99] Several spiders found in Utah are often mistaken for the brown recluse spider, including the desert recluse spider (found only in Washington County), the cellar spider, and crevice weaving spiders.[102][103][104] The brown recluse spider has not been officially confirmed in Utah as of summer 2020.[105]

One of the most rare insects in Utah is the Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle, found only in Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, near Kanab.[106] It was proposed in 2012 to be listed as a threatened species,[107] but the proposal was not accepted.[108] Other insects include grasshoppers,[109] green stink bugs,[110] the Army cutworm,[111] the monarch butterfly,[112] and Mormon fritillary butterfly.[112] The white-lined sphinx moth is common to most of the United States, but there have been reported outbreaks of large groups of their larvae damaging tomato, grape and garden crops in Utah.[113] Four or five species of firefly are also found across the state.[114]

In February 2009, Africanized honeybees were found in southern Utah.[115][116] The bees had spread into eight counties in Utah, as far north as Grand and Emery counties by May 2017.[117]

Vegetation

Pando, considered one of the heaviest and oldest organisms on Earth.[118][119]

Several thousand plants are native to Utah,[120] including a variety of trees, shrubs, cacti, herbaceous plants, and grasses. As of 2018, there are 3,930 species of plants in Utah, with 3,128 of those being indigenous and 792 being introduced through various means.[121]

Common trees include pines/piñons (white fir, Colorado, single-leaf, Great Basin bristlecone, ponderosa, Engelmann spruce, Rocky Mountain white), and Acer grandidentatum, quaking aspen, bigtooth maple, Utah juniper, speckled alder, red birch, Gambel oak, desert willow, blue spruce, and Joshua trees. Utah has a number of named trees, including the Jardine Juniper, Pando,[118][119] and the Thousand Mile Tree. Shrubs include a number of different ephedras (pitamoreal, Navajo, Arizona, Nevada, Torrey’s jointfir, and green Mormon tea), sagebrushes (little, Bigelow, silver, Michaux’s wormwood, black, pygmy, bud, and Great Basin), blue elderberry, Utah serviceberry, chokecherry, and skunkbush sumac. Western poison oak, poison sumac, and western poison ivy are all found in Utah.[122]

There are many varieties of cacti in Utah’s varied deserts, especially in the southern and western parts of the state. Some of these include desert prickly pear, California barrel cactus, fishhook cactus, cholla, beavertail prickly pear, and Uinta Basin hookless cactus. Despite the desert climate, many different grasses are found in Utah, including Mormon needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, western alkali grass, squirreltail, desert saltgrass, and cheatgrass.

Several invasive species of plants are considered noxious weeds by the state, including Bermuda grass, field bindweed, henbane, jointed goatgrass, Canada thistle, Balkan and common toadflax, giant cane, couch grass, St. John’s wort, hemlock, sword grass, Russian olive, myrtle spurge, Japanese knotweed, salt cedar, and goat’s head.[123]

Demographics

At the 2020 U.S. census, Utah had a population of 3,271,616. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the population of Utah was 3,205,958 on July 1, 2019, a 16.00% increase since the 2010 U.S. census.[124] The center of population of Utah is located in Utah County in the city of Lehi.[125] Much of the population lives in cities and towns along the Wasatch Front, a metropolitan region that runs north–south with the Wasatch Mountains rising on the eastern side. Growth outside the Wasatch Front is also increasing. The St. George metropolitan area is currently the second fastest-growing in the country after the Las Vegas metropolitan area, while the Heber micropolitan area is also the second fastest-growing in the country (behind Palm Coast, Florida).[126]

Utah contains five metropolitan areas (Logan, Ogden-Clearfield, Salt Lake City, Provo-Orem, and St. George), and six micropolitan areas (Brigham City, Heber, Vernal, Price, Richfield, and Cedar City).

Health and fertility

Utah ranks among the highest in total fertility rate, 47th in teenage pregnancy, lowest in percentage of births out of wedlock, lowest in number of abortions per capita, and lowest in percentage of teen pregnancies terminated in abortion. However, statistics relating to pregnancies and abortions may also be artificially low from teenagers going out of state for abortions because of parental notification requirements.[127][128] Utah has the lowest child poverty rate in the country, despite its young demographics.[129] According to the Gallup-Healthways Global Well-Being Index as of 2012, Utahns ranked fourth in overall well-being in the United States.[130] A 2002 national prescription drug study determined that antidepressant drugs were «prescribed in Utah more often than in any other state, at a rate nearly twice the national average».[131] The data shows that depression rates in Utah are no higher than the national average.[132]

Ancestry and race

Historical population

Census Pop. Note
1850 11,380
1860 40,273 253.9%
1870 86,336 114.4%
1880 143,963 66.7%
1890 210,779 46.4%
1900 276,749 31.3%
1910 373,351 34.9%
1920 449,396 20.4%
1930 507,847 13.0%
1940 550,310 8.4%
1950 688,862 25.2%
1960 890,627 29.3%
1970 1,059,273 18.9%
1980 1,461,037 37.9%
1990 1,722,850 17.9%
2000 2,233,169 29.6%
2010 2,763,885 23.8%
2020 3,271,616 18.4%
Source: 1910–2020[133]
Ethnic composition as of the 2020 census

Race and Ethnicity[134] Alone Total
White (non-Hispanic) 75.3% 78.9%
Hispanic or Latino[b] 15.1%
Asian 2.4% 3.6%
African American (non-Hispanic) 1.1% 1.8%
Pacific Islander 1.1% 1.7%
Native American 0.9% 1.8%
Other 0.4% 1.1%

Map of counties in Utah by racial plurality, per the 2020 US Census

  • Non-Hispanic White

      60–70%

      70–80%

      80–90%

      90%+

    Native American

      50–60%

Historical racial demographics

Racial composition 1970[135] 1990[135] 2000[136] 2010[137] 2020
White (non-Hispanic) 97.4% 93.8% 89.2% 86.1% 75.3%
Hispanic (of any race) 4.1% 4.9% 9.0% 13.0% 15.1%
Asian 0.6% 1.9% 1.7% 2.0% 2.4%
Native (non-Hispanic) 1.1% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 0.9%
Black (non-Hispanic) 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 1.0% 1.1%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander
0.7% 0.9% 1.1%
Other race 0.2% 2.2% 4.2% 6.0% 0.4%
Two or more races 2.1% 2.7% 3.7%

Utah population density map

The largest ancestry groups in the state are:

  • 26.0% English
  • 11.9% German
  • 11.8% Scandinavian (5.4% Danish, 4.0% Swedish, 2.4% Norwegian)
  • 9.0% Mexican
  • 6.6% American
  • 6.2% Irish
  • 4.6% Scottish
  • 2.7% Italian
  • 2.4% Dutch
  • 2.2% French
  • 2.2% Welsh
  • 1.4% Scotch Irish
  • 1.3% Swiss

In 2011 one-third of Utah’s workforce was reported to be bilingual, developed through a program of acquisition of second languages beginning in elementary school, and related to Mormonism’s missionary goals for its young people.[138]

In 2011, 28.6% of Utah’s population younger than the age of one were ethnic minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was of a race other than non-Hispanic white.[139]

Religion

Mormons are the largest religious group in Utah. However, the percentage of Mormons to the overall population has been decreasing. In 2017, 62.8% of Utahns were members of the LDS Church.[141][142] This declined to 61.2% in 2018[143] and to 60.7% in 2019.[144] Members of the LDS Church currently make up between 34%–41% of the population within Salt Lake City. However, many of the other major population centers such as Provo, Logan, Tooele, and St. George tend to be predominantly LDS, along with many suburban and rural areas. The LDS Church has the largest number of congregations, numbering 4,815 wards.[145] According to results from the 2010 U.S. census, combined with official LDS Church membership statistics, church members represented 62.1% of Utah’s total population. The Utah county with the lowest percentage of church members was Grand County, at 26.5%, while the county with the highest percentage was Morgan County, at 86.1%. In addition, the result for the most populated county, Salt Lake County, was 51.4%.[12]

Though the LDS Church officially maintains a policy of neutrality in regard to political parties,[146] the church’s doctrine has a strong regional influence on politics.[147] Another doctrine effect can be seen in Utah’s high birth rate (25 percent higher than the national average; the highest for a state in the U.S.).[148] The Mormons in Utah tend to have conservative views when it comes to most political issues and the majority of voter-age Utahns are unaffiliated voters (60%) who vote overwhelmingly Republican.[149] Mitt Romney received 72.8% of the Utahn votes in 2012, while John McCain polled 62.5% in the 2008 United States presidential election and 70.9% for George W. Bush in 2004. In 2010 the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) reported that the three largest denominational groups in Utah are the LDS Church with 1,910,504 adherents; the Catholic Church with 160,125 adherents, and the Southern Baptist Convention with 12,593 adherents.[150]

According to a Gallup poll, Utah had the third-highest number of people reporting as «Very Religious» in 2015, at 55% (trailing only Mississippi and Alabama). However, it was near the national average of people reporting as «Nonreligious» (31%), and featured the smallest percentage of people reporting as «Moderately Religious» (15%) of any state, being eight points lower than second-lowest state Vermont.[151] In addition, it had the highest average weekly church attendance of any state, at 51%.[152]

Languages

The official language in the state of Utah is English.[153] Utah English is primarily a merger of Northern and Midland American dialects carried west by LDS Church members, whose original New York dialect later incorporated features from northeast Ohio and central Illinois. Conspicuous in the speech of some in the central valley, although less frequent now in Salt Lake City, is a cord-card merger, so that the vowels /ɑ/ an /ɔ/ are pronounced the same before an /ɹ/, such as in the words cord and card.[154]

In 2000, 87.5% of all state residents five years of age or older spoke only English at home, a decrease from 92.2% in 1990.

Top 14 Non-English Languages Spoken in Utah

Language Percentage of population
(as of 2010)[155]
Spanish 7.4%
German 0.6%
Navajo 0.5%
French 0.4%
Pacific Island languages including Chamorro, Hawaiian, Ilocano, Tagalog, and Samoan 0.4%
Chinese 0.4%
Portuguese 0.3%
Vietnamese 0.3%
Japanese 0.2%
Arapaho 0.1%

Age and gender

Utah has the highest total birth rate[148] and accordingly, the youngest population of any U.S. state. In 2010, the state’s population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The life expectancy is 79.3 years.

Economy

The Wasatch Front region has seen large growth and development despite the economic downturn. Shown is the City Creek Center project, a development in downtown Salt Lake City with a price tag of $1.5–2.5 billion.

One out of every 14 flash memory chips in the world is produced in Lehi, Utah.[156]

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the gross state product of Utah in 2012 was US$130.5 billion, or 0.87% of the total United States GDP of US$14.991 trillion for the same year.[157] The per capita personal income was $45,700 in 2012. Major industries of Utah include: mining, cattle ranching, salt production, and government services.

According to the 2007 State New Economy Index, Utah is ranked the top state in the nation for Economic Dynamism, determined by «the degree to which state economies are knowledge-based, globalized, entrepreneurial, information technology-driven and innovation-based». In 2014, Utah was ranked number one in Forbes’ list of «Best States For Business».[158] A November 2010 article in Newsweek magazine highlighted Utah and particularly the Salt Lake City area’s economic outlook, calling it «the new economic Zion», and examined how the area has been able to bring in high-paying jobs and attract high-tech corporations to the area during a recession.[159] As of September 2014, the state’s unemployment rate was 3.5%.[160] In terms of «small business friendliness», in 2014 Utah emerged as number one, based on a study drawing upon data from more than 12,000 small business owners.[161]

In eastern Utah petroleum production is a major industry.[162] Near Salt Lake City, petroleum refining is done by a number of oil companies. In central Utah, coal production accounts for much of the mining activity.

According to Internal Revenue Service tax returns, Utahns rank first among all U.S. states in the proportion of income given to charity by the wealthy. This is due to the standard ten percent of all earnings that Mormons give to the LDS Church.[129] According to the Corporation for National and Community Service, Utah had an average of 884,000 volunteers between 2008 and 2010, each of whom contributed 89.2 hours per volunteer. This figure equates to $3.8 billion of service contributed, ranking Utah number one for volunteerism in the nation.[163]

Taxation

Utah collects personal income tax; since 2008 the tax has been a flat five percent for all taxpayers.[164] The state sales tax has a base rate of 6.45 percent,[165] with cities and counties levying additional local sales taxes that vary among the municipalities. Property taxes are assessed and collected locally. Utah does not charge intangible property taxes and does not impose an inheritance tax.

Tourism

Tourism is a major industry in Utah. With five national parks (Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion), Utah has the third most national parks of any state after Alaska and California. In addition, Utah features eight national monuments (Cedar Breaks, Dinosaur, Grand Staircase–Escalante, Hovenweep, Natural Bridges, Bears Ears, Rainbow Bridge, and Timpanogos Cave), two national recreation areas (Flaming Gorge and Glen Canyon), seven national forests (Ashley, Caribou-Targhee, Dixie, Fishlake, Manti-La Sal, Sawtooth, and Uinta-Wasatch-Cache), and numerous state parks and monuments.

The Moab area, in the southeastern part of the state, is known for its challenging mountain biking trails, including Slickrock. Moab also hosts the famous Moab Jeep Safari semiannually.

Utah has seen an increase in tourism since the 2002 Winter Olympics. Park City is home to the United States Ski Team. Utah’s ski resorts are primarily located in northern Utah near Salt Lake City, Park City, Ogden, and Provo. Between 2007 and 2011 Deer Valley in Park City, has been ranked the top ski resort in North America in a survey organized by Ski Magazine.[166]

Utah has many significant ski resorts. The 2009 Ski Magazine reader survey concluded that six of the top ten resorts deemed most «accessible», and six of the top ten with the best snow conditions, were located in Utah.[167] In Southern Utah, Brian Head Ski Resort is located in the mountains near Cedar City. Former Olympic venues including Utah Olympic Park and Utah Olympic Oval are still in operation for training and competition and allows the public to participate in numerous activities including ski jumping, bobsleigh, and speed skating.

Utah features many cultural attractions such as Temple Square, the Sundance Film Festival, the Red Rock Film Festival, the DOCUTAH Film Festival, the Utah Data Center, and the Utah Shakespearean Festival. Temple Square is ranked as the 16th most visited tourist attraction in the United States by Forbes magazine, with more than five million annual visitors.[168]

Other attractions include Monument Valley, the Great Salt Lake, the Bonneville Salt Flats, and Lake Powell.

Branding

The state of Utah relies heavily on income from tourists and travelers visiting the state’s parks and ski resorts, and thus the need to «brand» Utah and create an impression of the state throughout the world has led to several state slogans, the most famous of which being «The Greatest Snow on Earth», which has been in use in Utah officially since 1975 (although the slogan was in unofficial use as early as 1962) and now adorns nearly 50 percent of the state’s license plates. In 2001, Utah Governor Mike Leavitt approved a new state slogan, «Utah! Where Ideas Connect», which lasted until March 10, 2006, when the Utah Travel Council and the office of Governor Jon Huntsman announced that «Life Elevated» would be the new state slogan.[169]

Mining

Mining has been a large industry in Utah since it was first settled. The Bingham Canyon Mine in Salt Lake County is one of the largest open pit mines in the world.

Beginning in the late 19th century with the state’s mining boom (including the Bingham Canyon Mine, among the world’s largest open pit mines), companies attracted large numbers of immigrants with job opportunities. Since the days of the Utah Territory mining has played a major role in Utah’s economy. Historical mining towns include Mercur in Tooele County, Silver Reef in Washington County, Eureka in Juab County, Park City in Summit County and numerous coal mining camps throughout Carbon County such as Castle Gate, Spring Canyon, and Hiawatha.[170]

These settlements were characteristic of the boom and bust cycle that dominated mining towns of the American West. Park City, Utah, and Alta, Utah were boom towns in the early twentieth centuries. Rich silver mines in the mountains adjacent to the towns led to many people flocking to the towns in search of wealth. During the early part of the Cold War era, uranium was mined in eastern Utah. Today mining activity still plays a major role in the state’s economy. Minerals mined in Utah include copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, zinc, lead, and beryllium. Fossil fuels including coal, petroleum, and natural gas continue to play a large role in Utah’s economy, especially in the eastern part of the state in counties such as Carbon, Emery, Grand, and Uintah.[170]

Incidents

In 2007, nine people were killed at the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse.

On March 22, 2013, one miner died and another was injured after they became trapped in a cave-in at a part of the Castle Valley Mining Complex, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the small mining town of Huntington in Emery County.[171]

Energy

Utah extracts more coal and generates more electricity than it consumes.[172] The state has the potential to generate 31.6 TWh/year from 13.1 GW of wind power, and 10,290 TWh/year from solar power using 4,048 GW of photovoltaic (PV), including 5.6 GW of rooftop photovoltaic, and 1,638 GW of concentrated solar power.[173] The Blue Castle Project is working toward building the state’s first nuclear power plant near Green River, Utah. It is projected to be completed in 2030.[174]

Transportation

Road

I-15 and I-80 are the main interstate highways in the state, where they intersect and briefly merge near downtown Salt Lake City. I-15 traverses the state north-to-south, entering from Arizona near St. George, paralleling the Wasatch Front, and crossing into Idaho near Portage. I-80 spans northern Utah east-to-west, entering from Nevada at Wendover, crossing the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City, and entering Wyoming near Evanston. I-84 West enters from Idaho near Snowville (from Boise) and merges with I-15 from Tremonton to Ogden, then heads southeast through the Wasatch Mountains before terminating at I-80 near Echo Junction.

I-70 splits from I-15 at Cove Fort in central Utah and heads east through mountains and rugged desert terrain, providing quick access to the many national parks and national monuments of southern Utah, and has been noted for its beauty. The 103 mi (166 km) stretch from Salina to Green River is the country’s longest stretch of interstate without services and, when completed in 1970, was the longest stretch of entirely new highway constructed in the U.S. since the Alaska Highway was completed in 1943.

Rail and transit

Utah’s Class I freight railroads are the BNSF Railway and the Union Pacific Railway. Interstate passenger rail is provided by Amtrak’s daily California Zephyr train, which runs between Chicago Union Station and Emeryville, California, with stops in Utah at Green River, Helper, Provo, and the Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub. The state was previously served by Amtrak’s Pioneer and Desert Wind trains. Heritage railroads include the Heber Valley Railroad and the Wild Kingdom Train.

The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) operates public transport services throughout the Wasatch Front region. TRAX, the UTA’s light rail system, consists of three lines. The Blue Line (formerly Salt Lake/Sandy Line) begins in the suburb of Draper and ends in Downtown Salt Lake City. The Red Line (Mid-Jordan/University Line) begins in the Daybreak Community of South Jordan, a southwestern valley suburb, and ends at the University of Utah. The Green Line begins in West Valley City, passes through downtown Salt Lake City, and ends at Salt Lake City International Airport. The UTA also operates FrontRunner, a commuter rail line running between Ogden and Provo via Salt Lake City.

The UTA’s bus system stretches from the Salt Lake Valley west to Grantsville and east to Park City. Beyond UTA, the cities of Cedar City, Logan, Park City, and St. George are served by local bus operators. In the winter, the UTA and several private bus companies operate shuttle routes to Utah’s ski resorts.

Air

Salt Lake City International Airport is the only international airport in the state and serves as a hub for Delta Air Lines. The airport has consistently ranked first in on-time departures and had the fewest cancellations among U.S. airports.[175] The airport has non-stop service to more than a hundred destinations throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico, as well as to Amsterdam, London and Paris. Canyonlands Field (near Moab), Cedar City Regional Airport, Ogden-Hinckley Airport, Provo Municipal Airport, St. George Regional Airport, and Vernal Regional Airport all provide limited commercial air service. A new regional airport at St. George opened on January 12, 2011. SkyWest Airlines is also headquartered in St. George and maintains a hub at Salt Lake City.

Law and government

Utah government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The current governor of Utah is Spencer Cox,[176] who was sworn in on January 4, 2021. The governor is elected for a four-year term. The Utah State Legislature consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. State senators serve four-year terms and representatives two-year terms. The Utah Legislature meets each year in January for an annual 45-day session.

The Utah Supreme Court is the court of last resort in Utah. It consists of five justices, who are appointed by the governor, and then subject to retention election. The Utah Court of Appeals handles cases from the trial courts.[177] Trial level courts are the district courts and justice courts. All justices and judges, like those on the Utah Supreme Court, are subject to retention election after appointment.

In a 2020 study, Utah was ranked as the 3rd easiest state for citizens to vote in.[178]

Counties

Utah is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. Since 1918 there have been 29 counties in the state, ranging from 298 to 7,819 square miles (772 to 20,300 km2).

County name County seat Year founded 2020 U.S. census Largest County City Percent of total Area % of state
Beaver Beaver 1856 7,072 Beaver 0.22% 2,589 sq mi (6,710 km2) 3.2%
Box Elder Brigham City 1856 57,666 Brigham City 1.76% 5,745 sq mi (14,880 km2) 7.0%
Cache Logan 1856 133,154 Logan 4.07% 1,164 sq mi (3,010 km2) 1.4%
Carbon Price 1894 20,412 Price 0.62% 1,478 sq mi (3,830 km2) 1.8%
Daggett Manila 1918 935 Manila 0.03% 696 sq mi (1,800 km2) 0.8%
Davis Farmington 1852 362,679 Layton 11.09% 298 sq mi (770 km2) 0.4%
Duchesne Duchesne 1915 19,596 Roosevelt 0.60% 3,240 sq mi (8,400 km2) 3.9%
Emery Castle Dale 1880 9,825 Huntington 0.30% 4,462 sq mi (11,560 km2) 5.4%
Garfield Panguitch 1882 5,051 Panguitch 0.15% 5,175 sq mi (13,400 km2) 6.3%
Grand Moab 1890 9,669 Moab 0.30% 3,671 sq mi (9,510 km2) 4.5%
Iron Parowan 1852 57,289 Cedar City 1.75% 3,296 sq mi (8,540 km2) 4.0%
Juab Nephi 1852 11,786 Nephi 0.36% 3,392 sq mi (8,790 km2) 4.1%
Kane Kanab 1864 7,667 Kanab 0.23% 3,990 sq mi (10,300 km2) 4.9%
Millard Fillmore 1852 12,975 Delta 0.40% 6,572 sq mi (17,020 km2) 8.0%
Morgan Morgan 1862 12,295 Morgan 0.38% 609 sq mi (1,580 km2) 0.7%
Piute Junction 1865 1,438 Circleville 0.04% 757 sq mi (1,960 km2) 0.9%
Rich Randolph 1868 2,510 Garden City 0.08% 1,028 sq mi (2,660 km2) 1.3%
Salt Lake Salt Lake City 1852 1,185,238 Salt Lake City, State Capital. 36.23% 742 sq mi (1,920 km2) 0.9%
San Juan Monticello 1880 14,518 Blanding 0.44% 7,819 sq mi (20,250 km2) 9.5%
Sanpete Manti 1852 28,437 Ephraim 0.87% 1,590 sq mi (4,100 km2) 1.9%
Sevier Richfield 1865 21,522 Richfield 0.66% 1,910 sq mi (4,900 km2) 2.3%
Summit Coalville 1854 42,357 Park City 1.29% 1,871 sq mi (4,850 km2) 2.3%
Tooele Tooele 1852 72,698 Tooele 2.22% 6,941 sq mi (17,980 km2) 8.4%
Uintah Vernal 1880 35,620 Vernal 1.09% 4,479 sq mi (11,600 km2) 5.5%
Utah Provo 1852 659,399 Provo, third largest city in UT. 20.16% 2,003 sq mi (5,190 km2) 2.4%
Wasatch Heber 1862 34,788 Heber City 1.06% 1,175 sq mi (3,040 km2) 1.4%
Washington St. George 1852 180,279 St. George 5.51% 2,426 sq mi (6,280 km2) 3.0%
Wayne Loa 1892 2,486 Loa 0.08% 2,460 sq mi (6,400 km2) 3.0%
Weber Ogden 1852 262,223 Ogden 8.02% 576 sq mi (1,490 km2) 0.7%
  • Total Counties: 29
  • Total 2020 population: 3,271,616[179]
  • Total state area: 82,154 sq mi (212,780 km2)

Women’s rights

Utah granted full voting rights to women in 1870, 26 years before becoming a state. Among all U.S. states, only Wyoming granted suffrage to women earlier.[180] However, in 1887 the initial Edmunds-Tucker Act was passed by Congress in an effort to curtail Mormon influence in the territorial government. One of the provisions of the Act was the repeal of women’s suffrage; full suffrage was not returned until Utah was admitted to the Union in 1896.

Utah is one of the 15 states that have not ratified the U.S. Equal Rights Amendment.[181]

Free-range parenting

In March 2018, Utah passed the United States’ first «free-range parenting» bill. The bill was signed into law by Republican Governor Gary Herbert and states that parents who allow their children to engage in certain activities without supervision are not considered neglectful.[182][183]

Constitution

The constitution of Utah was enacted May 8, 1895.[184] Notably, the constitution outlawed polygamy, as requested by Congress when Utah had applied for statehood, and reestablished the territorial practice of women’s suffrage. Utah’s Constitution has been amended many times since its inception.[185]

Alcohol, tobacco and gambling laws

Utah’s laws in regard to alcohol, tobacco and gambling are strict. Utah is an alcoholic beverage control state. The Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control regulates the sale of alcohol; wine and spirituous liquors may be purchased only at state liquor stores, and local laws may prohibit the sale of beer and other alcoholic beverages on Sundays. The state bans the sale of fruity alcoholic drinks at grocery stores and convenience stores. The law states that such drinks must now have new state-approved labels on the front of the products that contain capitalized letters in bold type telling consumers the drinks contain alcohol and at what percentage. Utah is the only state that imposes a maxium blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.05% for drivers, as opposed to the 0.08% limit in other states.[186] The Utah Indoor Clean Air Act is a statewide smoking ban that prohibits it in many public places.[187] Utah and Hawaii are the only two states in the United States to outlaw all forms of gambling.

Same-sex marriage

Same-sex marriage became legal in Utah on December 20, 2013, when U.S. District Court Judge Robert J. Shelby issued a ruling in Kitchen v. Herbert.[188][189] As of close of business December 26, more than 1,225 marriage licenses were issued, with at least 74 percent, or 905 licenses, issued to gay and lesbian couples.[190] The Utah Attorney General’s office was granted a stay of the ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court on January 6, 2014, while the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals considered the case.[191] On October 6, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court declined a writ of certiorari, and the 10th Circuit Court issued their mandate later that day, lifting their stay. Same-sex marriages commenced again in Utah that day.[192]

Politics

Party registration as of February 27, 2023[193]
Party Total voters Percentage
Republican 952,606 50.50%
Unaffiliated 557,410 29.55%
Democratic 265,788 14.09%
Other 110,553 5.86%
Total 1,886,357 100.00%

The Scott Matheson Courthouse is the seat of the Utah Supreme Court.

In the late 19th century, the federal government took issue with polygamy in the LDS Church. The LDS Church discontinued plural marriage in 1890, and in 1896 Utah gained admission to the Union. Many new people settled the area soon after the Mormon pioneers. Relations have often been strained between the LDS population and the non-LDS population.[194] These tensions have played a large part in Utah’s history (Liberal Party vs. People’s Party).

Utah votes predominantly Republican. Self-identified Latter-day Saints are more likely to vote for the Republican ticket than non-Mormons. Utah is one of the most Republican states in the nation.[195][196] Utah was the single most Republican-leaning state in the country in every presidential election from 1976 to 2004, measured by the percentage point margin between the Republican and Democratic candidates. In 2008 Utah was only the third-most Republican state (after Wyoming and Oklahoma), but in 2012, with Mormon Mitt Romney atop the Republican ticket, Utah returned to its position as the most Republican state. However, the 2016 presidential election result saw Republican Donald Trump carry the state (marking the thirteenth consecutive win by the Republican presidential candidate) with only a plurality, the first time this happened since 1992.

Both of Utah’s U.S. Senators, Mitt Romney and Mike Lee, are Republican. Three more Republicans—Rob Bishop, Chris Stewart, and John Curtis—represent Utah in the United States House of Representatives. Ben McAdams was the sole Democratic member of the Utah delegation, representing the 4th congressional district, based in Salt Lake City, from 2019 to 2021, though he lost re-election to Burgess Owens, a Republican, in 2020. After Jon Huntsman Jr. resigned to serve as U.S. Ambassador to China in 2009, Gary Herbert was sworn in as governor on August 11, 2009. Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010, defeating Democratic nominee Salt Lake County Mayor Peter Corroon with 64% of the vote. He won election to a full four-year term in 2012, defeating the Democrat Peter Cooke with 68% of the vote.

The LDS Church maintains an official policy of neutrality with regard to political parties and candidates.[146]

In the 1970s, then-Apostle Ezra Taft Benson was quoted by the Associated Press that it would be difficult for a faithful Latter-day Saint to be a liberal Democrat.[197] Although the LDS Church has officially repudiated such statements on many occasions, Democratic candidates—including LDS Democrats—believe Republicans capitalize on the perception that the Republican Party is doctrinally superior.[198] Political scientist and pollster Dan Jones explains this disparity by noting that the national Democratic Party is associated with liberal positions on gay marriage and abortion, both of which the LDS Church is against.[199] The Republican Party in heavily Mormon Utah County presents itself as the superior choice for Latter-day Saints. Even though Utah Democratic candidates are predominantly LDS, socially conservative, and pro-life, no Democrat has won in Utah County since 1994.[200]

David Magleby, dean of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Brigham Young University, a lifelong Democrat and a political analyst, asserts that the Republican Party actually has more conservative positions than the LDS Church. Magleby argues that the locally conservative Democrats are in better accord with LDS doctrine.[201] For example, the Republican Party of Utah opposes almost all abortions while Utah Democrats take a more liberal approach, although more conservative than their national counterparts. On Second Amendment issues, the state GOP has been at odds with the LDS Church position opposing concealed firearms in places of worship and in public spaces.

In 1998 the church expressed concern that Utahns perceived the Republican Party as an LDS institution and authorized lifelong Democrat and Seventy Marlin Jensen to promote LDS bipartisanship.[197]

Utah is much more conservative than the United States as a whole, primarily on social issues. Compared to other Republican-dominated states in the Mountain West such as Idaho and Wyoming, Utah politics have a more moralistic and less libertarian character, according to David Magleby.[202]

About 80% of Utah’s Legislature are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,[203] while members account for 61 percent of the population.[204] Since becoming a state in 1896, Utah has had only two non-Mormon governors.[205]

In 2006, the legislature passed legislation aimed at banning joint-custody for a non-biological parent of a child. The custody measure passed the legislature and was vetoed by the governor, a reciprocal benefits supporter.

Carbon County’s Democrats are generally made up of members of the large Greek, Italian, and Southeastern European communities, whose ancestors migrated in the early 20th century to work in the extensive mining industry. The views common amongst this group are heavily influenced by labor politics, particularly of the New Deal Era.[206]

The state’s most Republican areas tend to be Utah County, which is the home to Brigham Young University in the city of Provo, and nearly all the rural counties.[207][208] These areas generally hold socially conservative views in line with that of the national Religious Right. The most Democratic areas of the state lie currently in and around Salt Lake City proper.

The state has not voted for a Democrat for president since 1964. Historically, Republican presidential nominees score one of their best margins of victory here. Utah was the Republicans’ best state in the 1976,[209] 1980,[210] 1984,[211] 1988,[212] 1996,[213] 2000,[214] 2004[215] and 2012 elections. In 1992, Utah was the only state in the nation where Democratic candidate Bill Clinton finished behind both Republican candidate George HW Bush and Independent candidate Ross Perot.[216] In 2004, Republican George W. Bush won every county in the state and Utah gave him his largest margin of victory of any state. He won the state’s five electoral votes by a margin of 46 percentage points with 71.5% of the vote. In the 1996 Presidential elections the Republican candidate received a smaller 54% of the vote while the Democrat earned 34%.[217]

In 2020, the Associated Press wrote a piece profiling Utah’s political culture during that year’s presidential election. The article noted a more bipartisan and cooperative environment, along with conservative support of liberal causes such as LGBT rights and marijuana use, despite the Republican dominance in the state and the political polarization seen in other parts of the U.S. at the time.[218]

Major cities and towns

Utah’s population is concentrated in two areas, the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, with over 2.6 million residents; and Washington County, in southwestern Utah, locally known as «Dixie», with more than 175,000 residents in the metropolitan area.

According to the 2010 census, Utah was the second fastest-growing state (at 23.8 percent) in the United States between 2000 and 2010 (behind Nevada). St. George, in the southwest, is the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States, trailing Greeley, Colorado.

The three fastest-growing counties from 2000 to 2010 were Wasatch County (54.7%), Washington County (52.9%), and Tooele County (42.9%). However, Utah County added the most people (148,028). Between 2000 and 2010, Saratoga Springs (1,673%), Herriman (1,330%), Eagle Mountain (893%), Cedar Hills (217%), South Willard (168%), Nibley (166%), Syracuse (159%), West Haven (158%), Lehi (149%), Washington (129%), and Stansbury Park (116%) all at least doubled in population. West Jordan (35,376), Lehi (28,379), St. George (23,234), South Jordan (20,981), West Valley City (20,584), and Herriman (20,262) all added at least 20,000 people.[219]

Utah
Rank
City Population
(2020)
within
city limits
Land
area
Population
density
(/mi2)
Population
density
(/km2)
County
1 Salt Lake City 199,723 109.1 sq mi (283 km2) 1,830.6 706 Salt Lake
2 West Valley City 140,230 35.4 sq mi (92 km2) 3,961.3 1,524 Salt Lake
3 West Jordan 116,961 30.9 sq mi (80 km2) 3,785.1 1,462 Salt Lake
4 Provo 115,162 39.6 sq mi (103 km2) 2,908.1 1,118 Utah County
5 Orem 98,129 18.4 sq mi (48 km2) 5,333.1 2,044 Utah County
6 Sandy 96,904 22.3 sq mi (58 km2) 4,345.5 1,671 Salt Lake
7 St. George 95,342 64.4 sq mi (167 km2) 1,480.5 571 Washington
8 Ogden 87,321 26.6 sq mi (69 km2) 3,282.7 1,266 Weber
9 Layton 81,773 22.0 sq mi (57 km2) 3,717 1,434 Davis
10 South Jordan 77,487 22.05 sq mi (57 km2) 3,514.1 1,359 Salt Lake
11 Lehi 75,907 26.3 sq mi (68 km2) 2,886.2 1,116 Utah
12 Millcreek 63,380 13.7 sq mi (35 km2) 4,626.3 1,811 Salt Lake
13 Taylorsville 60,448 10.7 sq mi (28 km2) 5,649.3 2,159 Salt Lake
Combined statistical area Population
(2010)
Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield
comprises:
Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Areas and
Brigham City and Heber Micropolitan Areas (as listed below)
1,744,886
Utah
Rank
Metropolitan area Population
(2017)
Counties
1 Salt Lake City* 1,203,105 Salt Lake, Tooele, Summit
2 Ogden-Clearfield* 665,358 Weber, Davis, Morgan
3 Provo-Orem 617,675 Utah
4 St. George 165,662 Washington
5 Logan 138,002 Cache, Franklin (Idaho)
  • Until 2003, the Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan areas were considered as a single metropolitan area.[citation needed]
Utah
Rank
Micropolitan area Population
(2010)
1 Brigham City 49,015
2 Cedar City 44,540
3 Vernal 29,885
4 Heber 21,066
5 Price 19,549
6 Richfield 18,382
  • Salt Lake City

  • Logan

  • Ogden

  • Park City

  • Provo

  • Sandy

  • St. George

  • Layton

Colleges and universities

  • Bridgerland Technical College in Logan
  • Broadview College in West Jordan
  • Brigham Young University in Provo (satellite campus in Salt Lake City)
  • Davis Technical College in Kaysville
  • Eagle Gate College in Murray and Layton
  • Ensign College (formerly LDS Business College) in Salt Lake City
  • Joyce University of Nursing and Health Sciences (formerly Ameritech College of Healthcare) in Draper
  • Mountainland Technical College in Lehi
  • Neumont College of Computer Science in South Jordan
  • Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine in Provo
  • Ogden–Weber Technical College in Ogden
  • Provo College in Provo
  • Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions in Provo
  • Roseman University in South Jordan, Utah
  • Salt Lake Community College in Taylorsville
  • Snow College in Ephraim and Richfield
  • Southern Utah University in Cedar City
  • Southwest Technical College in Cedar City
  • Tooele Technical College in Tooele
  • Uintah Basin Technical College in Roosevelt
  • University of Phoenix at various locations statewide
  • University of Utah in Salt Lake City
  • Utah State University in Logan (satellite campuses at various state locations)
  • Utah State University Eastern in Price
  • Utah Tech University in St. George (formerly Dixie State University) as of May 2022, and legal effect in July 2022.[220])
  • Utah Valley University in Orem
  • Weber State University in Ogden
  • Western Governors University an online only university, headquartered in Salt Lake City
  • Westminster College in Salt Lake City

Culture

Sports

The Utah Jazz playing against the Houston Rockets

Utah is the second-least populous U.S. state to have a major professional sports league franchise, after the Vegas Golden Knights joined the National Hockey League in 2017. The Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association play at Vivint Arena[221] in Salt Lake City. The team moved to the city from New Orleans in 1979 and has been one of the most consistently successful teams in the league (although they have yet to win a championship). Salt Lake City was previously host to the Utah Stars, who competed in the ABA from 1970 to 1976 and won one championship, and to the Utah Starzz of the WNBA from 1997 to 2003.

Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer was founded in 2005 and play their home matches at Rio Tinto Stadium (now known as America First Field in Sandy. RSL remains the only Utah major league sports team to have won a national championship, having won the MLS Cup in 2009.[222] RSL currently operates three adult teams in addition to the MLS side. Real Monarchs, competing in the third-tier MLS Next Pro, is the official reserve side for RSL. The team began play in the 2015 season at Rio Tinto Stadium,[223] remaining there until moving to Zions Bank Stadium, located at RSL’s training center in Herriman, for the 2018 season and beyond.[224] Utah Royals FC, which shares ownership with RSL and also plays at America First Field, has played in the National Women’s Soccer League, the top level of U.S. women’s soccer, since 2018.[225] Before the creation of the Royals, RSL’s main women’s side had been Real Salt Lake Women, which began play in the Women’s Premier Soccer League in 2008 and moved to United Women’s Soccer in 2016. RSL Women currently play at Utah Valley University in Orem.

Utah’s highest level Minor League Baseball team is the Triple-A Salt Lake Bees, who play at Smith’s Ballpark in Salt Lake City as a part of the Pacific Coast League. Utah also has one minor league hockey team, the Utah Grizzlies, who play at the Maverik Center and compete in the ECHL.

Utah has seven universities that compete in Division I of the NCAA. Three of the schools have football programs that participate in the top-level Football Bowl Subdivision: Utah in the Pac-12 Conference, Utah State in the Mountain West Conference, and BYU as an independent (although BYU competes in the non-football West Coast Conference for most other sports). In addition, Weber State and Southern Utah (SUU) compete in the Big Sky Conference of the FCS. Utah Tech, with an FCS football program, and Utah Valley, with no football program, are members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

Salt Lake City hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. After early financial struggles and scandal, the 2002 Olympics eventually became among the most successful Winter Olympics in history from a marketing and financial standpoint. Watched by more than two billion viewers, the Games ended up with a profit of $100 million.[226]

Utah has hosted professional golf tournaments such as the Uniting Fore Care Classic and currently the Utah Championship.

Rugby has been growing quickly in the state of Utah, growing from 17 teams in 2009 to 70 as of 2013 with more than 3,000 players, and more than 55 high school varsity teams.[227][228] The growth has been inspired in part by the 2008 movie Forever Strong.[228] Utah fields two of the most competitive teams in the nation in college rugby—BYU and Utah.[227] BYU has won the National Championship in 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Formed in 2017, the Utah Warriors are a Major League Rugby team based in Salt Lake City.[229]

Entertainment

Utah is the setting of or the filming location for many books, films,[230] television series,[230] music videos, and video games.

Utah’s capitol Salt Lake City is the final location in the video game The Last of Us.[231]

See also

  • Index of Utah-related articles
  • Outline of Utah

Notes

  1. ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
  2. ^ Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the website of the Division of Utah State Parks and Recreation.

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Further reading

  • Brown, Adam R. Utah politics and government: American democracy among a unique electorate (U of Nebraska Press, 2018).
  • Ching, Jacqueline. Utah: Past and Present (Rosen, 2010).
  • May, Dean L. Utah: A people’s history (U of Utah Press, 1987).
  • Peterson, Charles S. and Brian Q. Cannon. The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. ISBN 978-1-60781-421-4
  • Powell, Allan Kent, ed. (1994), Utah History Encyclopedia, Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press, ISBN 0874804256, OCLC 30473917

External links

General

  • Utah at Curlie

Government

  • «State of Utah» (official Web site).
  • «Energy Data & Statistics for Utah». US: DoE. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

Military

  • «National Guard». UT: Army. Archived from the original on June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  • «Air National Guard». UT: Air Force. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «Hill Air Force Base». UT: Air Force. Retrieved May 4, 2017.

Maps and demographics

  • Gamble, W. H.; Mitchell, S. Augustus (1875). County map of Utah and Nevada (Map). Texas Tech University.«Utah State Facts». USDA. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Utah». USGS. Archived from the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «QuickFacts». The US: Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015..
  • Geographic data related to Utah at OpenStreetMap

Tourism and recreation

  • Utah Office of Tourism Official Website Archived February 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
  • Office of Tourism (requires Adobe Flash)
  • Utah State Parks
  • Utah Traffic and Road Conditions

Other

  • Utah State Chamber of Commerce
Юта
Герб Юты
Печать Юты .
Флаг юты
Флаг Юты .
Юта
Карта США с Ютой выделена красным цветом.

Ник
Улей Государство
В французском  : «L’État де — ла — рюш». Промышленность

девиз «Промышленность».

Администрация
Страна Флаг Соединенных Штатов Соединенные Штаты
Столица Солт-Лейк-Сити
Членство в профсоюзе 4 января 1896 г.(125 лет)  (45 — е государство)
Губернатор Спенсер Кокс ( R )
Сенаторы Митт Ромни ( справа )
Майк Ли ( справа )
Количество представителей 4
ISO 3166-2 US-UT
Часовой пояс -7
Демография
Население 3,205,958 ж  . (2019)
Плотность 15  чел. / Км 2
Классифицировать 34 чт
Самый густонаселенный город Солт-Лейк-Сити
География
Высота 1920  м
Мин. 610  м
Макс. 4,123  м ( Пик Кингс )
Область 220,080  км 2
Классифицировать 13 чт
— Земля 212,988  км 2
— Воды (%) 7092  км 2 (3,22%)
Контакты От 37 ° до 42 ° от
109 ° до 114 ° з.д.
Разные
Официальные языки английский
Подключения
Веб-сайт utah.gov
Символы Юты
флаг
Флаг Юты .
Живые символы
Дерево Голубая ель
Цветок Калохортус нутталлий
Фрукты вишня
Трава Стебель с перепончатой ​​чешуей
Насекомое Пчела
Птица Калифорнийская чайка
Рыбы Головорезная форель Bonneville
Неживые символы
Песня Юта, это место  (ru)
Танец Кадриль
Ископаемое Аллозавр
Драгоценный камень Топаз
Минеральная Медь
рок Каменный уголь
Государственная 25-центовая монета
1/4 доллара
Utah монета выпущена в 2007 году .

Юта ( / г . Т /  ; в английском языке  : / J у . Т ɑ / или / J у . Т ɔ /  ; в навахо  :  Áshįįh Bii’tó Hahoodzo , / ɑ ʃ я ː ч р я ː ʔ т х ö PM ɑ ч ò ː т s ò / ) является государство в Западе в Соединенных Штатах . Столица — Солт-Лейк-Сити , центр городского района, в котором проживает 88% из 3 205 958 жителей штата. Юта известна своим большим геологическим разнообразием с заснеженными горами, долинами с сильными реками и засушливыми пустынями с захватывающими геологическими формами. Таким образом, одной из эмблем этого государства является естественная арка ( Delicate Arch , расположенная в национальном парке Arches ).

Штат также известен своей сильной мормонской общиной , что делает его одним из самых однородных в религиозном отношении штатов США, где около 62% жителей идентифицируют себя как мормоны. Церковь Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней в значительной степени влияет на состояние культуры и повседневной жизни. В пионерах мормонов были одними из первых поселенцев в области в 1847 году .

Экономика Юты построена на информационных технологиях, транспорте и горнодобывающей промышленности. Это также популярное туристическое направление.

Происхождение названия

Существует несколько интерпретаций названия этого государства. Считается, что он произошел от индейского языка Ute и означает «люди гор», или происходит от слова апачей yuttahih , что означает «тот, кто выше».

История

Эти индейцы присутствуют в этой области с доисторических времен. Они оставили петроглифы и пиктограммы , свидетели своей прошлой культуры. Франсиско Васкес де Коронадо, возможно, пересек территорию нынешней южной Юты в 1540 году в поисках легендарных Золотых Города . Группа испанцев во главе с двумя священниками покинула Санта-Фе в 1776 году в поисках пути, ведущего к побережью Калифорнии . Экспедиция прибывает к северу от озера Юта и встречает коренных американцев. Затем ловцы исследовали область в начале XIX — го  века. Город Прово назван в честь Этьена Прово, который посетил этот регион в 1825 году.

Первые мормонские поселенцы прибыли в Солт-Лейк-Сити на24 июля 1847 г., в то время как Юта все еще была мексиканской территорией. После заключения Гваделупского договора в Идальго , Юта была передана Соединенным Штатам в 1848 году (см .: Мексиканская уступка ). Но это одно из последних континентальных государств, вошедших в Союз в качестве федеративного государства ( 1896 г. ). Одним из главных препятствий на пути вступления было присоединение Мормона XIX — го  века к полигамии .

География

Юта — один из штатов Четырех Углов . Он граничит с Айдахо на севере, Вайомингом на севере и востоке, Колорадо на востоке, Нью-Мексико в единственной точке на юго-востоке (у памятника Четыре угла ), Аризоной на юге и Невадой на западе. Его площадь составляет 219 887  км 2 . Юта — один из трех штатов США (наряду с Колорадо и Вайомингом), в которых в качестве границ существуют только линии широты и долготы.

Юта обычно скалистая с тремя различными геологическими регионами: Скалистые горы , Большой бассейн и плато Колорадо . Юта известна своим природным разнообразием и является домом для самых разных геологических образований, от засушливых пустынь с песчаными дюнами до процветающих сосновых лесов в горных долинах.

Юта отличается большим геологическим разнообразием: в центре находится хребет Уосатч , который возвышается примерно на 3650  м над уровнем моря. В некоторых частях этих гор ежегодно выпадает более 12  м снега, что делает его известным местом для катания на лыжах с порошком и снегом. свет. На северо-востоке горы Уинта (ориентация с востока на запад) включают самую высокую вершину в штате ( Пик Кингс , 4 123  м ). К западу от гор Уосатч находится Большое соленое озеро , которое принадлежит к Большому бассейну ( Great Basin ). Ландшафты южной части штата Юта характеризуются формами, размытыми Колорадо и его притоками. Запад преимущественно засушливый  ; северо-восток довольно гористый, с лесными массивами .

  • Карта Юты.

  • Региональная карта Юты.

сообщение галереиЩелкните миниатюру для увеличения.

Основные природные диковинки — озера:

  • Гранд-Лак-Сале , озеро Юта , озеро Пауэлл ( искусственное озеро );
  • реки и каньоны  : Пылающее ущелье  (в) , Иордания , Колорадо , Грин-Ривер , Государственный парк Гузнекс , река Сан-Хуан  ;
  • плато и бассейны: Гранд-Бассен , плато Колорадо  ;
  • горы: звено Хаус , цепь Васач , горы Уинта  ;
  • главные вершины: Пик Кингз , гора Небо  ;
  • Great Salt Lake Desert  ( фр )  : гораздо больше , чем озера, простирается на 400  км , насколько Невада. Медленное испарение воды привело к образованию такого твердого и регулярного слоя соли, что получить его техническими средствами было бы очень трудно. Место, о котором мечтают любители рекордов скорости или мотоциклетных туров, именно там, на трассе Бонневиль , в 1965 году автомобиль проехал со скоростью почти 1000  км / ч .
Отчет о погоде в Солт-Лейк-Сити (40 ° 47 ‘северной широты / 111 ° 57’ западной долготы, 1287 метров)

Месяц Янв. Февраль маршировать апреля май июнь Июл. август Сен. Октябрь Ноябрь Декабрь год
Средняя минимальная температура ( ° C ) −7,1 −4,1 −0,3 3.3 7,6 13 17,6 16,6 10,6 4.6 −0,6 −5,8 4.6
Средняя температура (° C) −2,3 1.2 5,4 9,8 14,9 20,6 25,5 24,2 18,4 11,8 4.9 −1,3 11
Средняя максимальная температура (° C) 2,4 6.4 11.2 16,3 22,2 28,2 33,4 31,9 26,2 18,9 10,4 3,2 17,5
Осадки ( мм ) 28,2 31,2 48,5 53,8 45,7 23,6 20,6 21,8 32,5 36,6 32,8 35,6 410,9

Источник: World Climate

Исключительная морфогеология

На высоте более  2000 метров над уровнем моря тысячи оранжевых, розовых, белых известняковых игл и стрел взлетают ввысь в национальном парке Брайс-Каньон , одном из самых известных достопримечательностей штата Юта. Природе потребовалось шестьдесят миллионов лет, чтобы их сформировать. И его работа продолжается и сегодня.

Рядом с Канабом веками эрозия сформировала эти блоки песчаника, обнажающие ядро ​​и жилы скалы. В этих пейзажах, которые часто служили декорациями для вестернов, некоторые из этих полированных камней используются для превращения их в произведения искусства.

Президент Дональд Трамп открывается сфевраль 2020в Парадной лестнице-Эскаланте и Уши Медведей в горнодобывающую промышленность и бурение. В первом случае размер охраняемой территории уменьшился почти вдвое, во втором — на 85%.

Подразделения

Юта разделена на 29 округов .

Коды Юты:

  • UT, согласно Списку кодов штатов США  ;
  • UT, согласно ISO 3166-2 (список основных подразделений страны). (см. ISO 3166-2: США )

Административные подразделения

Графства

Штат Юта разделен на 29 округов .

Агломерации

Мегаполисы и микрополитены

Управление и бюджета определил пять городских районов и пять Micropolitan областей в штате Юта.

Мегаполисы

Городской район Население (2010) Население (2013) Изменение (2010-2013) Национальный ранг (2013)
Солт-Лейк-Сити, Юта 1 087 873 1 140 483 4,8% 48
Огден-Клирфилд, Юта 597 159 621 580 4,1% 88
Прово-Орем, UT 526 810 562 239 6,7% 94
Святой Георгий, штат Юта 138 115 147 800 7,0% 277
Логан, UT-ID 112 656

(125 442)

116 909

(129 763)

3,8%

(3,4%)

(302)
Микрополитены

Городской район Население (2010) Население (2013) Изменение (2010-2013) Национальный ранг (2013)
Сидар-Сити, Юта 46 163 46 780 1,3% 234
Summit Park, штат Юта 36 324 38 486 6.0% 329
Vernal, UT 32 588 35 555 9,1% 377
Хебер, штат Юта 23 530 26 437 12,4% 458
Цена, UT 21 403 20 988 -1,9% 509

В 2010 году 94,9% жителей Утахайна проживали в городских районах, в том числе 89,1% в мегаполисах и 5,8% в микрополитенах. Только на столичную область Солт-Лейк-Сити приходилось 39,4% населения штата.

Объединенный мегаполис

Управление управления и бюджета также определило объединенную столичную зону в штате Юта.

Объединенный мегаполис

Городской район Население (2010) Население (2013) Изменение (2010-2013) Национальный ранг (2013)
Солт-Лейк-Сити-Прово-Орем, Юта 2 271 696 2 389 225 5,2% 24

В 2010 году объединенная столичная область Солт-Лейк-Сити-Прово-Орем составляла 82,2% населения штата.

Муниципалитеты

Муниципалитеты с населением более 100 000 человек в штате Юта.

В штате Юта 245 муниципалитетов , в 25 из которых проживает более 30 000 человек.

Муниципалитеты с населением более 30 000 человек

Классифицировать Муниципалитет округ Население (2010) Население (2013) Изменение (2010-2013)
1 Солт-Лейк-Сити Соленое озеро 186 440 191 180 2,5%
2 West Valley City Соленое озеро 129 480 133 579 3,2%
3 Прово Юта 112 488 116 288 3,4%
4 Западный Иордан Соленое озеро 103 712 110 077 6,1%
5 Орем Юта 88 328 91 648 3,8%
6 Сэнди Соленое озеро 87 461 90 231 3,2%
7 Огден Вебер 82 825 84 249 1,7%
8 Святой Георгий Вашингтон 72 897 76 817 5,4%
9 Layton Дэвис 67 311 70 790 5,2%
10 Taylorsville Соленое озеро 58 652 60 519 3,2%
11 Южная Иордания Соленое озеро 50 418 59 366 17,7%
12 Lehi Юта 47 407 54 382 14,7%
13 Логан Скрытый 48 174 48 913 1,5%
14 Мюррей Соленое озеро 46 746 48 612 4,0%
15 Драпировка Солт-Лейк , Юта 42 274 45 285 7,1%
16 Щедрый Дэвис 42,552 43 023 1,1%
17 Riverton Соленое озеро 38 753 40 921 5,6%
18 Рой Вебер 36 884 37 733 2,3%
19 Испанская вилка Юта 34 691 36 956 6.5%
20 Приятная роща Юта 33 509 34 988 4,4%
21 год Cottonwood Heights Соленое озеро 33 433 34 238 2,4%
22 Tooele Tooele 31 605 32 342 2,3%
23 Springville Юта 29 466 31 205 5,9%
24 Midvale Соленое озеро 27 964 30 764 10,0%
25 Clearfield Дэвис 30 112 30 467 1,2%

Демография

Население

Плотность населения в 2010 г. (в квадратных милях).

История переписи
Аня. Поп. % ±
1850 г. 11380

1860 г. 40 273  + 253,89%
1870 г. 86 336  + 114,38%
1880 г. 143 963  + 66,75%
1890 г. 210 779  + 46,41%
1900 г. 276 749  + 31,3%
1910 г. 373 351  + 34,91%
1920 г. 449 396  + 20,37%
1930 г. 507 847  + 13,01%
1940 г. 550 310  + 8,36%
1950 688 862  + 25,18%
1960 г. 890 627  + 29,29%
1970 г. 1 059 273  + 18,94%
1980 г. 1 461 037  + 37,93%
1990 г. 1,722,850  + 17,92%
2000 г. 2 233 169  + 29,62%
2010 г. 2 763 885  + 23,77%
Является. 2019 г. 3 205 958  + 15,99%

По оценке Бюро переписи населения США, население штата Юта составляет 3 205 958 человек.1 — го июля 2019, что на 15,99% больше по сравнению с переписью 2010 года в Соединенных Штатах, согласно которой численность населения составляла 2 763 885 человек. С 2010 года штат знает, что рост населения США на 3- е место  более устойчивый после Северной Дакоты (7,6%) и Техаса (5,2%).

Согласно демографическим прогнозам, опубликованным AARP , ожидается, что к 2060 году население Юты достигнет 3 921 077 человек, если текущие демографические тенденции сохранятся, что на 41,3% больше, чем в 2010 году.

В 2010 году штат Юта с населением 2 763 885 человек занимал 34- е место в США по численности населения. Его население составляло 0,90% населения страны. Населенный пункт штата находился на севере округа Юта в городе Саратога-Спрингс .

С 12.98  inhab./km 2 в 2010 году, штат Юта был 10 — й  состояние менее плотной в Соединенных Штатах.

В городах этот показатель составлял 90,6%, а в сельской местности — 9,4%. Штат занимал 8- е место по  уровню городского населения в стране.

В 2010 году коэффициент рождаемости составил 18,9  (18,0  в 2012 году) , а уровень смертности на 5,3  (5,5  в 2012 г.). Коэффициент фертильности составил 2,45 ребенка на женщину (2,37 в 2012 году). Показатель младенческой смертности составил 4,9  (4,9  в 2012 г.). Население составляло 31,51% людей до 18 лет , 11,51% людей от 18 до 24 лет , 28,15% людей от 25 до 44 лет , 19,80% людей от 45 до 64 лет и 9,03% людей в возрасте 65 лет и старше. . Средний возраст составлял 29,2 года .

В период с 2010 по 2013 год прирост населения (+ 136 987) был результатом доли положительного естественного баланса (+ 117 951) с превышением рождений (166 447) над смертями (48 496) и, с другой стороны, положительного миграционного баланса. сальдо (+ 18,957) с профицитом международных миграционных потоков (+ 13,966) и профицитом внутренних миграционных потоков (+ 4,991).

По оценкам 2013 года, 90,8% жителей штата Утахайн родились в штате , 62,7% — в штате Юта и 28,1% — в другом штате (17,1% на Западе , 4,3% на Юге , 4,2% на Среднем Западе , 2,4%). % на северо-востоке ), 1,0% родились на неинкорпорированной территории или за границей, по крайней мере, с одним американским родителем и 8,2% родились за границей от родителей-иностранцев (57,9% в Латинской Америке, 19,5% в Азии, 12,1% в Европе, 4,1% в Северной Америке, 3,3% в Океании, 3,0% в Африке). Из них 37,2% были натурализованными американцами и 62,8% были иностранцами.

По оценкам Pew Hispanic Center за 2012 год , в штате проживало 100 000 нелегальных иммигрантов, или 3,6 процента населения.

Этно-расовый состав и родовое происхождение

Согласно переписи населения США 2010 года , население составляло 86,09% — 2 379 560 человек — белые , 2,73% — 75 518 человек — метисы, 2,00% — 55 285 человек — выходцы из Азии , 1,19% — 32 927 человек — коренные американцы , 1,06% — 29 287 человек — негры , 0,89% — 24 554 человека — жители Океании и 6,03% — 166 754 человека — люди, не попадающие ни в одну из этих категорий.

Метисы были разбиты на тех, кто заявляет о двух расах (2,54%), преимущественно белых и других (0,65%), белых и азиатских (0,58%) и белых и коренных американцев (0,46%), и тех, кто заявляет о трех или более расах (0,20%). %).

Не латиноамериканцы составляли 87,03% — 2405 545 человек — от населения, из них 80,38% — 2221719 человек — белые, 1,96% — 54 176 человек — азиаты, 1,77% — 48 985 человек — метисы, 0,98% — 27 081 человек — индейцы, 0,94% — 25 951 человек — чернокожие, 0,87% — 23 909 человек — жители островов Тихого океана и 0,13% — 3 724 человека — люди, не попадающие ни в одну из этих категорий, в то время как выходцы из Латинской Америки составили 12,97% — 358340 человек — населения, в основном выходцы из Мексики (9,37%) .

В 2010 году штат Юта был 3- м по  величине долей жителей островов Тихого океана после Гавайев (9,96%) и Аляски (1,04%). Напротив, в штате было 5- е место по  количеству черных после Монтаны (0,41%), Айдахо (0,63%), Вайоминга (0,84%) и Вермонта (1,00%).

Штат также занимал 4- е  место по численности жителей островов Тихого океана после Калифорнии (144 386), Гавайев (135 422) и штата Вашингтон (40 475).

Новейшая история этно-расового состава Юты (в%)

1940 г. 1950 1960 г. 1970 г. 1980 г. 1990 г. 2000 г. 2010 г.
Белые 98,66 98,26 98,11 97,42 94,63 93,79 89,24 86,09
——— Неиспаноязычные 92,43 91,20 85,27 80,38
Азиаты (и жители Океании до 1980 г.) 0,46 0,71 0,58 0,65 1.03 1,49 1,66 2,00
——— Неиспаноязычные 1,63 1,96
Коренные американцы 0,66 0,61 0,78 1.06 1,32 1,41 1,33 1.19
——— Неиспаноязычные 1,32 1.19 0,98
Чернить 0,22 0,40 0,47 0,62 0,63 0,67 0,79 1.06
——— Неиспаноязычные 0,63 0,72 0,94
Другой 0,02 0,06 0,25 2.39 2,64 6,98 9,66
——— Неиспаноязычные 2,16 2,77
Латиноамериканцы (все расы вместе) 4,13 4,91 9,03 12,97

В 2013 году Бюро переписи населения США оценило долю нелатиноамериканцев в 86,6%, из которых 79,5% составляли белые, 2,1% азиаты, 1,7% метисы, 1,1% коренные американцы и 1,0% черные, а доля латиноамериканцев — 13,4%. .

После окончания Второй мировой войны в штате Юта наблюдается постоянное снижение доли неиспаноязычного белого населения в общей численности населения, которое сильно заметно с начала 1990-х годов, в частности, из-за значительной иммиграции из Соединенных Штатов. Мексика , более высокого среднего возраст (30,6 лет) , чем латиноамериканцы (23,5 лет), более низкого уровня рождаемости (17,7  в 2010 году) , чем выходцы из Латинской Америки (25,8  ) и «существенного увеличение смешанных союзов.

В 2010 году неиспаноязычные белые составляли только 74,9% детей в возрасте до 5 лет (17,2% для латиноамериканцев, 3,5% для метисов, 1,2% для азиатов, 1,1% для чернокожих и 1,0% для жителей Океании) и 74,6% детей в возрасте до 1 года. старые (17,6% для латиноамериканцев, 3,7% для метисов, 1,2% для азиатов, 1,0% для жителей Океании и 1,0% для чернокожих).

Согласно демографическим прогнозам, опубликованным AARP , белые неиспаноязычные граждане составят 66,2% населения штата к 2060 году, если текущие демографические тенденции сохранятся.

В 2000 году Utahains идентифицировали себя в основном как англичане (29,0%), немцы (11,6%), американцы (6,8%), датчане (6,5%), мексиканцы (6,1%), ирландцы (5,9%), шотландцы ( 4,4%) и шведский (4,3%).

Государство имело самые высокие пропорции людей оригинального английского языка и датский , на 3 — й самый  высокий процент людей , происхождения шотландской , на 4 — й самый  высокий процент первоначального шведского , на 7 — й самый  высокий процент людей происхождения басков и 10 — й самый  высокий процент оригинальный голландский .

В штате проживает 40- я  еврейская община США. По данным Североамериканского еврейского банка данных, в 2013 году в штате проживало 5650  евреев (1900 в 1971 году), или 0,2% населения. В основном они были сосредоточены в мегаполисах Солт-Лейк-Сити (4800) и Саммит-Парк (600).

В штате также проживает 38- я  арабская община США. По оценкам Бюро переписи населения США, в 2013 году в штате проживало 5 607  арабов , или 0,2% населения, в основном ливанцы (1 625 человек).

Государство было домом для населения в 2013 черных довольно пестрых, состоит в основном из потомков рабов , депортированных на американской почве между началом XVII — го  века и в начале XIX — го  века (49,5%), а также к югу от Сахары африканцев ( 37,5%), выходцы из Латинской Америки (7,3%) и неиспаноязычные выходцы из Карибского бассейна (5,7%).

Бюро переписи населения Соединенных Штатов Америки оценило количество африканцев к югу от Сахары в 12 298 человек, или 0,4% населения, в основном южноафриканцев (1740 человек) и сомалийцев (1611 человек).

Число неиспаноязычных жителей Карибского бассейна оценивалось в 1856 человек, или 0,1% населения.

В Латиноамериканцах были , главным образом , происходящие в Мексике (72,3%). Состоящее из 44,0% белых, 7,4% метисов, 1,6% коренных американцев, 0,9% чернокожих, 0,3% выходцев из Азии, 0,2% жителей островов Тихого океана и 45,5% людей, не подпадающих ни под одну из этих категорий, испаноязычное население составляло 35,1% метисов, 17,8%. % коренных американцев, 11,4% черных, 6,6% белых, 2,6% жителей Океании, 2,0% азиатов и 97,8% людей, не подпадающих ни под одну из этих категорий.

В штате было 2- е  место по количеству выходцев из Аргентины (0,17%), Чили (0,12%) и Венесуэлы (0,10%), 7- е  место по количеству выходцев из Перу (0,27%) и 8- е  место. доля выходцев из Испании (0,30%) и 10- е  место по количеству выходцев из Мексики (9,37%).

В штате также было 9- е  место по количеству жителей Аргентины (4639 человек).

Азии идентифицировали себя в первую очередь как китайский язык (20,2%), Viets (14,5%), Indian (11,2%), японский (11,0%), Филиппин (10,1%), корейский (9,7%), лаосцев (4,5%) и камбоджийцев ( 3,4%).

Штат занимает 7- е  место по количеству японцев (0,22%).

Эти индейцы главным образом идентифицированы как навахо (44,2%), юты (9,1%) и индейцы Мексики (3,2%).

Жители островов Тихого океана в основном определяются как тонганцы (38,3%), самоанцы (33,6%), гавайцы (7,8%) и маршалловцы (3,0%).

Метисы были разбиты на представителей двух рас (92,9%), в основном белых и других (23,6%), белых и азиатских (21,1%), белых и коренных американцев (16,7%), белых и черных (12,7%) и белых. и Oceanic (9,1%), и те, кто заявляет о трех и более расах (7,1%).

Религии

Религиозный состав в% в 2014 г.

Религия Флаг юты Юта Флаг Соединенных Штатов Соединенные Штаты
Мормоны 1.6 55
Не аффилированный 18 15,8
Евангелический протестантизм 7 25,4
Традиционный протестантизм 6 14,7
католицизм 5 20,8
Агностицизм 3 4.0
Атеизм 2 3.1
буддизм 1 0,7
ислам 1 0,9
Другой 2 13

По данным института опроса The Gallup Organization , в 2015 году 55% ​​людей в Юте считают себя «очень религиозными» (40% по стране), 15% — «умеренно религиозными» (29% по стране) и 31% — «нерелигиозными». »(31% по стране).

Мормоны

В мормоны , чтобы жить в соответствии с их верой, решили отправиться в изгнание в пустыне штата Юта, потому что они не могли селиться дальше на восток. В пионеры мормонов поселились в массе от 1847 под руководством Бригама Янга , лидера мормонов и будущего премьер — губернатора штата Юта территории . Умелые бизнесмены Мормоны вступили в индустриальную эпоху. Они внесут большой вклад в экономическое развитие государства.

Лишь небольшая часть 15 миллионов из мормонов живут в Юте. Солт-Лейк-Сити , столица штата, также является всемирным центром мормонизма, но в самом городе мормоны составляют небольшое меньшинство. Церковь Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней, из которых мормоны являются членами, была организована в Соединенных Штатах в 1830 году Джозефом Смитом . Будучи создан мормонами в XIX — го  века, штат Юта имеет политическое, социальное и культурное еще в значительной степени доминируют Церкви, что накладывает строгий моральный к своим членам.

По состоянию на 2013 год мормоны составляли около 62% населения Юты. В некоторых округах, например, в округе Юта , доля мормонов превышает 80%.

Языки

Английский является официальным языком государства с 2000 года.

Язык, на котором говорят дома люди старше 5 лет

Язык 1980 г. 1990 г. 2000 г. 2010 г. 2016 г.
английский 92,59% 92,25% 87,54% 85,91% 85,33%
испанский 2,84% 3,34% 7,43% 9,32% 9,94%
Немецкий 0,90% 0,72% 0,60% 0,39% 0,30%
китайский язык 0,22% 0,27% 0,30% 0,41% 0,50%
Навахо 3,46 0,54% 0,44% 0,39% 0,27%
Другой 2,87% 3,69% 3,59% 3,65%

Индийские заповедники

Федеральное правительство определило семь индейских резерваций или частично в штате Юта.

Индийские заповедники

Индийский заповедник Население (2010) Общая площадь (км 2 ) Площадь земельного участка (км 2 ) Площадь водной поверхности (км 2 ) Плотность ( жилая / км 2 ) Коренные американцы (2010) Основное племя (а)
Резервация Гошуте, NV-UT 128

(143)

486,40 486,39 0,01 0,3 103

(118)

Земля навахо резервации и вне резервации, AZ-NM-UT 6 068

(173 667)

62 564,24 62 495,20 69,04 2,8 5 861

(166 824)

Навахо (91,9%)
Резервация Пайуте (UT), UT 273 131,62 131,57 0,05 2.1 239
Северо-западная резервация шошонов, Юта 0 0,79 0,79 0 0,0 0
Резервация Skull Valley, штат Юта 23 72,93 72,93 0 0,3 22
Uintah и Ouray Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, UT 24 369 17 676,86 17 544,81 132,05 1.4 2 951 Утесы (69,7%), Навахо (4,1%)
Заповедник горы Юте и земля за пределами резервации, CO-NM-UT 242

(1742)

2 333,51 2 332,91 0,60 0,7 222

(1652)

Утесы (61,7%), Навахо (13,4%)

В 2010 году 31 103 утахайна проживали в индийской резервации, или 1,1% населения штата.

Uintah и Орей Индейская резервация является вторым по величине запас (17,676.86  км 2 ) в Соединенных Штатах после того, что в навахо (62,564.24  км 2 ). Кроме того, в 2010 году он был девятым по численности населения заповедником (24 369 человек) в Соединенных Штатах.

Экономика

Юта — довольно богатый штат. На орошаемых землях урожаи обильные. Он также имеет относительно крупную промышленность и ценные полезные ископаемые: золото, медь, свинец, а также в районе Моава уран.

Политика

Партизанский баланс в Юте в 2021 году

Государственный исполнительный орган Законодательное собрание штата Конгресс
Губернатор лейтенант-губернатор Генеральный прокурор Казначей Аудитор палата представителей Сенат палата представителей Сенат
Спенсер Кокс ( R ) Дейдре Хендерсон ( R ) Шон Рейес ( R ) Дэвид Дамшен ( R ) Джон Дугалл ( R ) Р  : 59, Д  : 16 Р  : 23, Д  : 6 R  : 4 R  : 2

Электоральная социология

Юта была одним из самых консервативных штатов США и оплотом Республиканской партии с 1950-х годов . Это в основном из-за важности Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней , к которой принадлежат примерно 75% избирателей (по состоянию на 2008 г.). Несмотря на ультраконсервативность в социальных вопросах (аборты и однополые браки), избиратели штата более умеренны в вопросах иммиграции. В 2004 году на референдуме избиратели в штате Юта 66% голосов ( 82%, за исключением Солт-Лейк-Сити требуется ) одобрили поправку к конституции, определяющую брак как гражданский союз между мужчиной и женщиной, запрещая, таким образом, любую форму гомосексуальный союз. К немногим оплотам демократов относятся столица Солт-Лейк-Сити и горнолыжный курорт Парк-Сити .

Конституция штата Юта восходит к 1895 году . Несмотря на наличие большого полигамного сообщества, конституция штата Юта никогда не узаконивала полигамию , что было запрещено Федеральным конгрессом. Церковь Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней официально занимает нейтральную позицию по отношению к политическим партиям и кандидатам, но ее лидеры не скрывают своей враждебности к так называемым либеральным или прогрессивным кандидатам, особенно по социальным вопросам. Однако лидеры и активисты местной Республиканской партии очень близки к Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней, поэтому их иногда считают одним из ее ответвлений.

Национальная политика

Президентские выборы

Результаты президентских выборов

Год Республиканец Демократ
% Голос % Голос
1960 г. 54,81 205 361 45,17 169 248
1964 г. 45,14 180 682 54,86 219 628
1968 г. 56,49 238 728 37,07 156 665
1972 г. 67,64 323 643 26,39 126 284
1976 г. 62,44 337 908 33,65 182 110
1980 г. 72,77 439 687 20,57 124 266
1984 г. 74,50 469 105 24,68 155 369
1988 г. 66,22 428 442 32,05 207 343
1992 г. 43,36 322 632 24,65 183 429
1996 г. 54,37 361 911 33,30 221 633
2000 г. 66,83 515 096 26,34 203 053
2004 г. 71,54 663 742 26.00 241 199
2008 г. 62,25 596 030 34,22 327 670
2012 г. 72,80 671 747 24,90 229 463
2016 г. 45,05 515 231 27,17 310 676
2020 г. 58,15 865 140 37,66 560 282

До президентских выборов 1952 года штат Юта попеременно склонялся к республиканцам и демократам. Таким образом, на первых выборах, проведенных в 1896 году , избиратели проголосовали за демократа Уильяма Дженнингса Брайана (82% голосов) против всенародно избранного республиканца Уильяма МакКинли . Четыре года спустя они проголосовали за Мак-Кинли (50,58%) против того же Брайана (45%). Будучи одним из немногих штатов, проголосовавших за республиканца Уильяма Ховарда Тафта в 1912 году , они проголосовали четыре года спустя за его оппонента-демократа, президента Вудро Вильсона . Юта голосовала еще четыре раза за демократа Франклина Делано Рузвельта, а затем за Гарри С. Трумэна .

После президентских выборов в США в 1952 году Юта, несомненно, стала одним из самых известных оплотов республиканцев в стране. С тех пор только один кандидат от Демократической партии, Линдон Б. Джонсон в 1964 году , выиграл Юту (тогда победив Барри Голдуотера ).

Кандидаты-республиканцы также добились там своих лучших национальных результатов в 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004 и 2012 годах. В 1992 году Юта была единственным штатом, где демократ Билл Клинтон , хотя и был избран на национальном уровне, занял третье место с 24,65. % голосов за республиканца Джорджа Буша (43,36%) и независимого Росс Перо (27,34%).

На президентских выборах 2004 года президент- республиканец Джордж Буш победил во всех округах, набрав 71,54% голосов против 26% у кандидата от демократов Джона Керри , достигнув рекордного уровня в 88,91% голосов в округе Рич .

На президентских выборах 2008 года кандидат от республиканцев Джон Маккейн получил 62,25% голосов против 34,22% голосов за кандидата от демократов Барака Обамы .

В 2016 году республиканец Дональд Трамп набрал 45,1% голосов в штате Юта против 27,2% у своего оппонента-демократа Хиллари Клинтон .

В 2020 году Дональд Трамп снова побеждает штат с 58,15% голосов. Победивший на национальном уровне Джо Байден показал лучший результат в Юте после победы Линдона Б. Джонсона в 1964 году .

Федеральное представительство

На 117- м  Конгрессе Законодательного собрания (2021-2023 гг.) Юта представлена ​​в Палате представителей четырьмя республиканцами, а также  Миттом Ромни и  Майком Ли , республиканцами в Сенате.

Местная политика

В местной политике в Юте в значительной степени доминируют республиканцы. Почти 80% парламентариев являются членами Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней . С 1896 года в штате Юта было только два губернатора, которые не являются членами этой Церкви .

С 11 августа 2009 г.губернатором штата Юта является республиканец Гэри Герберт, занявший во время своего мандата пост республиканца Джона Хантсмана- младшего, назначенного послом США в Китае . Вице-губернатором штата Юта является республиканец Спенсер Кокс. Другие основные выборные руководящие должности также занимают республиканцы.

В законодательном собрании штата Юта преобладают республиканцы. В 2017-2019 законодательного органа , республиканцы , таким образом , держать 62 мест в Государственной Палате представителей против 13 для демократов в то время как в Сенате , 24 республиканцев сталкиваются с пятью демократов.

Судебная власть в Юте

Судебная власть штата Юта состоит из следующих судов:

  • Верховный суд  ;
  • апелляционный суд;
  • суд по делам несовершеннолетних;
  • суды;
  • районные суды.

Туризм

В SkyWest Airlines и Delta Air Lines подключения основных американских аэропортов , чем в Солт — Лейк — Сити ( международный аэропорт ) и Сидар — Сити . Взяв напрокат автомобиль, вы сможете исследовать национальные парки. В каждом из них обозначена гоночная трасса. Экскурсия продолжается пешком в садах дьявола  (в) к Арке и по тропе Восточного края в Сионе , на джипе по тропе Элефант-Хилл в национальном парке Каньонлендс верхом на лошади в Брайсе, пролетая над каньоном Глен или на лодке над озером Пауэлл. . Вечером останавливаемся в «  домике  », мотеле или гостинице или в кемпинге.

Национальные парки и памятники

Пустыни южной части штата Юта занимают пять национальных парков:

  • Национальный парк Брайс-Каньон  ;
  • Национальный парк Зайон  ;
  • Национальный парк Каньонлендс  ;
  • Национальный парк Арки  ;
  • Национальный парк Кэпитол-Риф .

Многие другие парки существуют на государственном уровне.

Национальные памятники Юты:

  • Национальный памятник динозаврам  ;
  • Национальный памятник Гранд-Лестница-Эскаланте  ;
  • Национальный памятник «Радужный мост»  ;
  • Национальный памятник «Кедр ломается»  ;
  • Национальный памятник пещера Тимпаногос .

« Медвежьи уши» также включены в классификацию национальных памятников.

Федеральные парки и памятники

Наконец, в Юте есть несколько федеральных парков и памятников:

  • Государственный парк Dead Horse Point  ;
  • Государственный исторический памятник Газета Рок  ;
  • Государственный парк «Это место»  ;
  • Зона отдыха «Пылающее ущелье»  ;
  • Зона отдыха Глен-Каньон  ;
  • Государственный парк Гоблин-Вэлли  ;
  • Государственный парк Goosenecks .

Образование

Университеты

Университеты в Юте:

  • Университет Аргози  (в) , Солт-Лейк-Сити  ;
  • Университет Бригама Янга , Прово  ;
  • Университет Бродвью  ;
  • Государственный университет Дикси  (in) , Сент-Джордж  ;
  • Университет независимости  (в) , Солт — Лейк — Сити  ;
  • Университет Neumont  (в) , Солт — Лейк — Сити  ;
  • Университет медицинских профессий Роки-Маунтин  (en) , Прово  ;
  • Южный университет штата Юта  (в) , Сидар — Сити  ;
  • Университет Феникса в Солт-Лейк-Сити  ;
  • Университет Юты , Солт-Лейк-Сити  ;
  • Государственный университет Юты , Логан  ;
  • Университет Долины Юты , Орем  ;
  • Государственный университет Вебера , Огден .

Спорт

  • Юта Джаз ( НБА )
  • Реал Солт Лейк ( MLS )
  • Юта Гриззлис ( ECHL )
  • Юта Ютс ( NCAA )
  • BYU Cougars ( NCAA )
  • Юта Стэйт Эджис ( NCAA )
  • Red Bull Rampage

Юта принимала зимние Олимпийские игры 2002 года .

Примечания и ссылки

  1. (in) «  Бюро переписи населения США QuickFacts, штат Юта; СОЕДИНЕННЫЕ ШТАТЫ  » на сайте www.census.gov (по состоянию на 7 июня 2020 г. ) .
  2. Произношение на стандартном французском языке, транскрибируемое фонемно в соответствии со стандартом API .
  3. Произношение в американском английском транскрибируется фонемно в соответствии со стандартом API .
  4. a b и c (in) «  Мормонская мафия набирает обороты в Юте  » на sltrib.com .
  5. Карта штата Юта Carto-mondo.fr , штат Юта.
  6. (in) World Climate, »  Salt Lake City, UT, Utah, USA: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data  « (по состоянию на 15 июня 2008 г. ) .
  7. «  Трамп разрешает добычу и бурение на естественных участках Юты  » , на Slate.fr ,8 февраля 2020 г.
  8. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/maps/utah_map.html
  9. (in) Белый дом , «  Пересмотренные разграничения столичных статистических зон, микрополитических статистических зон и комбинированных статистических зон, а также руководство по использованию разграничения этих зон  » [PDF] ,28 февраля 2013 г.(по состоянию на 16 июня 2018 г. ) .
  10. (in) Элисон Кэдден (301-763-4335, Бюро переписи населения США), «  Списки Бюро переписей США и структура правительств  » на www.census.gov .
  11. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/49000.html
  12. a и b (in) «  Институт общественной политики AARP — Профиль штата — Юта  » на dataexplorer.aarp.org .
  13. (in) «  Государственные центры народонаселения 1880–2010 : Юта  » на www.census.gov .
  14. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder2.census.gov .
  15. a и b https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_01.pdf
  16. a и b https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr62/nvsr62_09.pdf
  17. a и b https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf
  18. a и b https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr63/nvsr63_09.pdf
  19. a b и c (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на сайте factfinder.census.gov .
  20. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder2.census.gov .
  21. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder.census.gov .
  22. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder.census.gov .
  23. (in) «  Оценка несанкционированной иммиграции населения США  » ,3 ноября 2016 г..
  24. (in) Кэмпбелл Гибсон и Кей Юнг, «  Историческая статистика переписи населения по расе, 1790–1990 и испаноязычному происхождению, 1970–1990 для США, регионов и штатов  » [PDF] ,2011 г..
  25. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-46.pdf
  26. (in) Бюро переписи населения США , «  American FactFinder — Results  » на сайте factfinder.census.gov (по состоянию на 8 мая 2016 г. ) .
  27. (in) Бюро переписи населения США , «  American FactFinder — Results  » на сайте factfinder.census.gov (по состоянию на 16 февраля 2016 г. ) .
  28. (in) Бюро переписи населения США , «  American FactFinder — Results  » на сайте factfinder.census.gov (по состоянию на 16 февраля 2016 г. ) .
  29. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder.census.gov .
  30. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder2.census.gov .
  31. (in) «  Еврейское население в США в 2013 г.  » , на сайте www.jewishdatabank.org (по состоянию на 13 мая 2016 г. ) .
  32. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder2.census.gov .
  33. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder.census.gov .
  34. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder2.census.gov .
  35. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder.census.gov .
  36. (in) «  American FactFinder — Результаты  » на factfinder.census.gov .
  37. (in) «  Религиозное исследование ландшафта  » в проекте «Религия и общественная жизнь» исследовательского центра Pew Research (последнее посещение — 3 сентября 2016 г. ) .
  38. (in) «  State of the States  » , на Gallup.com (по состоянию на 3 сентября 2016 г. ) .
  39. (in) Мики Мик, «  Английский становится официальным языком Юты  » на сайте universe.byu.edu ,8 ноября 2000 г.(по состоянию на 5 июня 2018 г. ) .
  40. (in) Зак Паттон, «  В Юте, это Грасиас, но не Грасиас  » на сайте gouting.com ,Июль 2007 г.(по состоянию на 5 июня 2018 г. ) .
  41. (in) «  Язык, на котором говорят дома по способности говорить по-английски для населения от 5 лет и старше  » на factfinder.census.gov .
  42. (in) «  Результаты центра обработки данных  » на apps.mla.org .
  43. (in) «  Язык, на котором говорят дома по способности говорить по-английски для населения от 5 лет и старше  » на сайте census.gov (по состоянию на 26 мая 2018 г. ) .
  44. (in) «  Vol. 1. Характеристики населения  » [PDF] , на сайте census.gov .
  45. (ru) Дэн Харри , «  Мормонская республиканская партия, связывающая обреченных демократов»; Статистика религии рисует для вечеринки мрачную картину; LDS-GOP Link обрекает демократов  » , Salt Lake Tribune ,6 декабря 2002 г..
  46. a b и c (in) Мика Коэн, «  Юта: очень республиканский, но не такой консервативный, как кажется  » на сайте fivethirtyeight.com ,9 июля 2012 г.(по состоянию на 24 июля 2017 г. ) .
  47. (in) Дэвид Вайгель, «  Опрос: Юта (! Юта) теперь поровну разделена, должны ли мы быть законными однополые браки  » на slate.com ,26 января 2014 г.(по состоянию на 24 июля 2017 г. ) .
  48. (in) Дэвид Лейп, «  Сравнение результатов президентских всеобщих выборов — Юта  » в Атласе выборов США (по состоянию на 29 декабря 2009 г. ) .
  49. (in) «  Данные о президентских выборах 1976 года — по национальному государству  » на Uselectionatlas.org (по состоянию на 31 июля 2010 г. ) .
  50. (in) «  Данные о президентских выборах 1980 г. — по национальному государству  » на Uselectionatlas.org (по состоянию на 31 июля 2010 г. ) .
  51. (in) «  Данные о президентских выборах 1984 года — по национальному государству  » на Uselectionatlas.org (по состоянию на 31 июля 2010 г. ) .
  52. (in) «  Данные о президентских выборах 1988 г. — по национальному государству  » на Uselectionatlas.org (по состоянию на 31 июля 2010 г. ) .
  53. (in) «  Данные о президентских выборах 1996 г. — по национальному государству  » на Uselectionatlas.org (по состоянию на 31 июля 2010 г. ) .
  54. (in) «  Данные о президентских выборах 2000 г. — по национальному государству  » на Uselectionatlas.org (по состоянию на 31 июля 2010 г. ) .
  55. (in) «  Данные о президентских выборах 2004 г. — по национальному государству  » на Uselectionatlas.org (по состоянию на 31 июля 2010 г. ) .
  56. (in) «  Данные о президентских выборах 1992 года — по национальному государству  » на Uselectionatlas.org (по состоянию на 31 июля 2010 г. ) .
  57. (in) «  Результаты выборов в Юте 2016  » на NYTimes.com ,1 — го августа 2017.
  58. (в) «  Юта Шорт  » на www.utcourts.gov .
  59. (в) «  Список 35 колледжей и университетов штата Юта  » на сайте www.free-4u.com .

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Внешние ссылки

This article is about the U.S. state of Utah. For other uses, see Utah (disambiguation).

Coordinates: 39°N 111°W / 39°N 111°W

Fatal error: The format of the coordinate could not be determined. Parsing failed.

Utah

State

State of Utah
Flag of Utah

Flag

Official seal of Utah

Seal

Nickname(s): 

«Beehive State» (official), «The Mormon State», «Deseret»

Motto(s): 

Industry

Anthem: «Utah…This Is The Place«
Map of the United States with Utah highlighted

Map of the United States with Utah highlighted

Country United States
Before statehood Utah Territory
Admitted to the Union January 4, 1896 (45th)
Capital
(and largest city)
Salt Lake City
Largest metro Salt Lake City
Government
 • Governor Gary Herbert (R)
 • Lieutenant Governor Spencer Cox (R)
Legislature State Legislature
 • Upper house State Senate
 • Lower house House of Representatives
Judiciary Utah Supreme Court
U.S. senators Mike Lee (R)
Mitt Romney (R)
U.S. House delegation 1: Rob Bishop (R)
2: Chris Stewart (R)
3: John Curtis (R)
4: Ben McAdams (D) (list)
Area
 • Total 84,899 sq mi (219,887 km2)
 • Land 82,144 sq mi (212,761 km2)
 • Water Formatting error: invalid input when rounding sq mi (7,136 km2)  3.25%
Area rank 13th
Dimensions
 • Length 350 mi (560 km)
 • Width 270 mi (435 km)
Elevation 6,100 ft (1,860 m)
Highest elevation

(Kings Peak[1][2][3])

13,534 ft (4,120.3 m)
Lowest elevation

(Beaver Dam Wash at Template:Nobreak[2][3][4])

2,180 ft (664.4 m)
Population

 (2019)

 • Total 3,205,958[5]
 • Rank 30th
 • Density 36.53/sq mi (14.12/km2)
 • Density rank 41st
 • Median household income $68,374[6]
 • Income rank 14th
Demonym(s) Utahn or Utahan[7]
Language
 • Official language English
Time zone UTC−07:00 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation

UT

ISO 3166 code US-UT
Trad. abbreviation Ut.
Latitude 37° N to 42° N
Longitude 109°3′ W to 114°3′ W
Website utah.gov
Utah state symbols
File:Flag of Utah.svg

Flag of Utah

File:Seal of Utah.svg

Seal of Utah

Living insignia
Bird California gull
Fish Bonneville cutthroat trout
Flower Sego lily
Grass Indian ricegrass
Mammal Rocky Mountain Elk
Reptile Gila monster
Tree Quaking aspen
Inanimate insignia
Dance Square dance
Dinosaur Utahraptor
Firearm Browning M1911
Fossil Allosaurus
Gemstone Topaz
Mineral Copper
Tartan Utah State Centennial Tartan
State route marker
Utah state route marker
State quarter
Utah quarter dollar coin

Released in 2007

Lists of United States state symbols

Utah (English pronunciation: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character «[«. YOO-tah, English pronunciation: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character «[«. YOO-taw) is a state in the western United States. It is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area, and with a population over three million, the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population, and Washington County in the south, with more than 170,000 residents.[8] Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.

The territory of modern Utah has been inhabited by various indigenous groups for thousands of years, including the ancient Puebloans, the Navajo, and the Ute. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region’s difficult geography and climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was part of Mexico, many of Utah’s earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States. Following the Mexican-American War, it became part of the Utah Territory, which included what is now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah’s admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted as the 45th, in 1896.

A little more than half of all Utahns are Mormons, the vast majority of whom are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City.[9] Utah is the only state where most of the population belongs to a single church.[10] The LDS Church greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life,[11] though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.

The state has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation. In 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state.[12] St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005.[13] Utah also has the 14th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. A 2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the «best state to live in the future» based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, and health-related outlook metrics.[14]

Etymology

The name Utah is said to derive from the name of the Ute tribe, meaning «people of the mountains».[15] However, no such word actually exists in the Utes’ language, and the Utes refer to themselves as Noochee. The meaning of Utes as «the mountain people» is attributed to the neighboring Pueblo Indians,[16] specifically from the Apache word Yuttahih, which means «one that is higher up» or «those that are higher up».[15] In Spanish it was pronounced Yuta; subsequently English-speaking people may have adapted the word as ‘Utah’.[17]

History

Main article: History of Utah

Pre-Columbian

File:California1838.jpg

Map showing Utah in 1838 when it was part of Mexico, Britannica 7th edition

Thousands of years before the arrival of European explorers, the Ancestral Puebloans and the Fremont people lived in what is now known as Utah, some of which spoke languages of the Uto-Aztecan group. Ancestral Pueblo peoples built their homes through excavations in mountains, and the Fremont people built houses of straw before disappearing from the region around the 15th century.

Another group of Native Americans, the Navajo, settled in the region around the 18th century. In the mid-18th century, other Uto-Aztecan tribes, including the Goshute, the Paiute, the Shoshone, and the Ute people, also settled in the region. These five groups were present when the first European explorers arrived.[18][19]

Spanish exploration (1540)

Main articles: New Spain, The Californias § History, First Mexican Empire, Provisional Government of Mexico, First Mexican Republic, and Centralist Republic of Mexico

The southern Utah region was explored by the Spanish in 1540, led by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, while looking for the legendary Cíbola. A group led by two Catholic priests—sometimes called the Domínguez–Escalante expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the coast of California. The expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. The Spanish made further explorations in the region but were not interested in colonizing the area because of its desert nature. In 1821, the year Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, the region became known as part of its territory of Alta California.

European trappers and fur traders explored some areas of Utah in the early 19th century from Canada and the United States. The city of Provo, Utah was named for one, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah was named after Peter Skene Ogden, a Canadian explorer who traded furs in the Weber Valley.

In late 1824, Jim Bridger became the first known English-speaking person to sight the Great Salt Lake. Due to the high salinity of its waters, He thought he had found the Pacific Ocean; he subsequently learned this body of water was a giant salt lake. After the discovery of the lake, hundreds of American and Canadian traders and trappers established trading posts in the region. In the 1830s, thousands of migrants traveling from the Eastern United States to the American West began to make stops in the region of the Great Salt Lake, then known as Lake Youta.[citation needed]

Latter Day Saint settlement (1847)

Main articles: Mexican–American War, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and Mexican Cession

File:BrighamYoung1.jpg

Brigham Young led the first Mormon pioneers to the Great Salt Lake.

Following the death of Joseph Smith in 1844, Brigham Young, as president of the Quorum of the Twelve, became the effective leader of the LDS Church in Nauvoo, Illinois.[20] To address the growing conflicts between his people and their neighbors, Young agreed with Illinois Governor Thomas Ford in October 1845 that the Mormons would leave by the following year.[21]

Young and the first band of Mormon pioneers reached the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. Over the next 22 years, more than 70,000 pioneers crossed the plains and settled in Utah.[22] For the first few years, Brigham Young and the thousands of early settlers of Salt Lake City struggled to survive. The arid desert land was deemed by the Mormons as desirable as a place where they could practice their religion without harassment.

Settlers buried thirty-six Native Americans in one grave after an outbreak of measles occurred during the winter of 1847.[23]

The first group of settlers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery.[24] Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with the first group of settlers in 1847.[25] The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade,[26] as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war.[27][28]

Utah was Mexican territory when the first pioneers arrived in 1847. Early in the Mexican–American War in late 1846, the United States had taken control of New Mexico and California. The entire Southwest became U.S. territory upon the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on March 11. Learning that California and New Mexico were applying for statehood, the settlers of the Utah area (originally having planned to petition for territorial status) applied for statehood with an ambitious plan for a State of Deseret.

The Mormon settlements provided pioneers for other settlements in the West. Salt Lake City became the hub of a «far-flung commonwealth»[29] of Mormon settlements. With new church converts coming from the East and around the world, Church leaders often assigned groups of church members as missionaries to establish other settlements throughout the West. They developed irrigation to support fairly large pioneer populations along Utah’s Wasatch front (Salt Lake City, Bountiful and Weber Valley, and Provo and Utah Valley).[30] Throughout the remainder of the 19th century, Mormon pioneers established hundreds of other settlements in Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Wyoming, California, Canada, and Mexico—including in Las Vegas, Nevada; Franklin, Idaho (the first European settlement in Idaho); San Bernardino, California; Mesa, Arizona; Star Valley, Wyoming; and Carson Valley, Nevada.

Prominent settlements in Utah included St. George, Logan, and Manti (where settlers completed the first three temples in Utah, each started after but finished many years before the larger and better known temple built in Salt Lake City was completed in 1893), as well as Parowan, Cedar City, Bluff, Moab, Vernal, Fillmore (which served as the territorial capital between 1850 and 1856), Nephi, Levan, Spanish Fork, Springville, Provo Bench (now Orem), Pleasant Grove, American Fork, Lehi, Sandy, Murray, Jordan, Centerville, Farmington, Huntsville, Kaysville, Grantsville, Tooele, Roy, Brigham City, and many other smaller towns and settlements. Young had an expansionist’s view of the territory that he and the Mormon pioneers were settling, calling it Deseret—which according to the Book of Mormon was an ancient word for «honeybee». This is symbolized by the beehive on the Utah flag, and the state’s motto, «Industry».[31]

Utah Territory (1850–1896)

Main articles: Organic act § List of organic acts, Utah Territory, Admission to the Union, and List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

File:Saltlakecity1850.jpg

Salt Lake City in 1850

File:Sketch of Salt Lake 1860.jpg

A sketch of Salt Lake City in 1860

File:Deseret Village.jpg

Deseret Village recreates Utah pioneer life for tourists.

File:East and West Shaking hands at the laying of last rail Union Pacific Railroad — Restoration.jpg

The Golden Spike where the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in the U.S. on May 10, 1869, in Promontory, Utah

The Utah Territory was much smaller than the proposed state of Deseret, but it still contained all of the present states of Nevada and Utah as well as pieces of modern Wyoming and Colorado.[32] It was created with the Compromise of 1850, and Fillmore, named after President Millard Fillmore, was designated the capital. The territory was given the name Utah after the Ute tribe of Native Americans. Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital in 1856.

By 1850, there were around 100 blacks, the majority of whom were slaves.[33] In Salt Lake County, 26 slaves were counted.[34] In 1852, the territorial legislature passed the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners formally legalizing slavery in the territory. Slavery was abolished in the territory during the Civil War.

In 1850, Salt Lake City sent out a force known as the Nauvoo Legion and engaged the Timpanogos in the Battle at Fort Utah.[35]:71

Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the U.S. government intensified due to the practice of plural marriage, or polygamy, among members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Mormons were still pushing for the establishment of a State of Deseret with the new borders of the Utah Territory. Most, if not all, of the members of the U.S. government opposed the polygamous practices of the Mormons.

Members of the LDS Church were viewed as un-American and rebellious when news of their polygamous practices spread. In 1857, particularly heinous accusations of abdication of government and general immorality were leveled by former associate justice William W. Drummond, among others. The detailed reports of life in Utah caused the administration of James Buchanan to send a secret military «expedition» to Utah. When the supposed rebellion should be quelled, Alfred Cumming would take the place of Brigham Young as territorial governor. The resulting conflict is known as the Utah War, nicknamed «Buchanan’s Blunder» by the Mormon leaders.

In September 1857, about 120 American settlers of the Baker–Fancher wagon train, en route to California from Arkansas, were murdered by Utah Territorial Militia and some Paiute Native Americans in the Mountain Meadows massacre.[36]

Before troops led by Albert Sidney Johnston entered the territory, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City to evacuate southward to Utah Valley and sent out the Nauvoo Legion to delay the government’s advance. Although wagons and supplies were burned, eventually the troops arrived in 1858, and Young surrendered official control to Cumming, although most subsequent commentators claim that Young retained true power in the territory. A steady stream of governors appointed by the president quit the position, often citing the traditions of their supposed territorial government. By agreement with Young, Johnston established Camp Floyd, 40 miles (60 km) away from Salt Lake City, to the southwest.

Salt Lake City was the last link of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, completed in October 1861. Brigham Young was among the first to send a message, along with Abraham Lincoln and other officials.

Because of the American Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory in 1861. This was a boon to the local economy as the army sold everything in camp for pennies on the dollar before marching back east to join the war. The territory was then left in LDS hands until Patrick E. Connor arrived with a regiment of California volunteers in 1862. Connor established Fort Douglas just 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his people to discover mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the territory. Minerals were discovered in Tooele County and miners began to flock to the territory.

Beginning in 1865, Utah’s Black Hawk War developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory’s history. Chief Antonga Black Hawk died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the Ghost Dance of 1872. The war is unique among Indian Wars because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos Utes led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and LDS authorities.

On May 10, 1869, the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake.[37] The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the territory and several influential businesspeople made fortunes there.

During the 1870s and 1880s laws were passed to punish polygamists due, in part, to stories from Utah. Notably, Ann Eliza Young—tenth wife to divorce Brigham Young, women’s advocate, national lecturer and author of Wife No. 19 or My Life of Bondage and Mr. and Mrs. Fanny Stenhouse, authors of The Rocky Mountain Saints (T. B. H. Stenhouse, 1873) and Tell It All: My Life in Mormonism (Fanny Stenhouse, 1875). Both Ann Eliza and Fanny testify to the happiness of the very early Church members before polygamy. They independently published their books in 1875. These books and the lectures of Ann Eliza Young have been credited with the United States Congress passage of anti-polygamy laws by newspapers throughout the United States as recorded in «The Ann Eliza Young Vindicator», a pamphlet which detailed Ms Young’s travels and warm reception throughout her lecture tour.

T. B. H. Stenhouse, former Utah Mormon polygamist, Mormon missionary for thirteen years and a Salt Lake City newspaper owner, finally left Utah and wrote The Rocky Mountain Saints. His book gives a witnessed account of life in Utah, both the good and the bad. He finally left Utah and Mormonism after financial ruin occurred when Brigham Young sent Stenhouse to relocate to Ogden, Utah, according to Stenhouse, to take over his thriving pro-Mormon Salt Lake Telegraph newspaper. In addition to these testimonies, The Confessions of John D. Lee, written by John D. Lee—alleged «Scape goat» for the Mountain Meadow Massacre—also came out in 1877. The corroborative testimonies coming out of Utah from Mormons and former Mormons influenced Congress and the people of the United States.

In the 1890 Manifesto, the LDS Church banned polygamy. When Utah applied for statehood again, it was accepted. One of the conditions for granting Utah statehood was that a ban on polygamy be written into the state constitution. This was a condition required of other western states that were admitted into the Union later. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.

20th century to present

File:Children reading 1940.jpg

Children reading in Santa Clara, Utah, in 1940

Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as Bryce Canyon National Park and Zion National Park, Utah became known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes featured in the popular mid-century western film genre. From such films, most US residents recognize such natural landmarks as Delicate Arch and «the Mittens» of Monument Valley.[38] During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the Interstate highway system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.

Since the establishment of Alta Ski Area in 1939 and the subsequent development of several ski resorts in the state’s mountains, Utah’s skiing has become world-renowned. The dry, powdery snow of the Wasatch Range is considered some of the best skiing in the world (the state license plate once claimed «the Greatest Snow on Earth»).[39][40] Salt Lake City won the bid for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, and this served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues built along the Wasatch Front continue to be used for sporting events. Preparation for the Olympics spurred the development of the light-rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, known as TRAX, and the re-construction of the freeway system around the city.

In 1957, Utah created the Utah State Parks Commission with four parks. Today, Utah State Parks manages 43 parks and several undeveloped areas totaling over 95,000 acres (380 km2) of land and more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) of water. Utah’s state parks are scattered throughout Utah, from Bear Lake State Park at the Utah/Idaho border to Edge of the Cedars State Park Museum deep in the Four Corners region and everywhere in between. Utah State Parks is also home to the state’s off highway vehicle office, state boating office and the trails program.[41]

During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s growth was phenomenal in the suburbs of the Wasatch Front. Sandy was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time. Today, many areas of Utah continue to see boom-time growth. Northern Davis, southern and western Salt Lake, Summit, eastern Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Washington counties are all growing very quickly. Management of transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics, as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas and transportation is a major reason for poor air quality in Utah.

Geography and geology

See also: List of canyons and gorges in Utah, List of Utah counties, and List of earthquakes in Utah

File:Arches 1 — panoramio.jpg

Arches National Park

File:My Public Lands Roadtrip- Pariette Wetlands in Utah (20220345702).jpg

Pariette Wetlands

File:LCLfallfoliage2005.JPG

Little Cottonwood Canyon

File:Deer Creek Reservoir.jpg

Deer Creek Reservoir

File:American Fork Canyon from Timpanogos Cave entrance.jpg

American Fork Canyon

File:Utah Counties.png

Utah county boundaries

Utah is known for its natural diversity and is home to features ranging from arid deserts with sand dunes to thriving pine forests in mountain valleys. It is a rugged and geographically diverse state at the convergence of three distinct geological regions: the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, and the Colorado Plateau.

Utah covers an area of 84,899 sq mi (219,890 km2). It is one of the Four Corners states and is bordered by Idaho in the north, Wyoming in the north and east; by Colorado in the east; at a single point by New Mexico to the southeast; by Arizona in the south; and by Nevada in the west. Only three U.S. states (Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming) have exclusively latitude and longitude lines as boundaries.

One of Utah’s defining characteristics is the variety of its terrain. Running down the middle of the state’s northern third is the Wasatch Range, which rises to heights of almost 12,000 ft (3,700 m) above sea level. Utah is home to world-renowned ski resorts made popular by light, fluffy snow and winter storms that regularly dump up to three feet of it overnight. In the state’s northeastern section, running east to west, are the Uinta Mountains, which rise to heights of over 13,000 feet (4,000 m). The highest point in the state, Kings Peak, at 13,528 feet (4,123 m),[42] lies within the Uinta Mountains.

At the western base of the Wasatch Range is the Wasatch Front, a series of valleys and basins that are home to the most populous parts of the state. It stretches approximately from Brigham City at the north end to Nephi at the south end. Approximately 75 percent of the state’s population lives in this corridor, and population growth is rapid.

Western Utah is mostly arid desert with a basin and range topography. Small mountain ranges and rugged terrain punctuate the landscape. The Bonneville Salt Flats are an exception, being comparatively flat as a result of once forming the bed of ancient Lake Bonneville. Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, Sevier Lake, and Rush Lake are all remnants of this ancient freshwater lake,[43] which once covered most of the eastern Great Basin. West of the Great Salt Lake, stretching to the Nevada border, lies the arid Great Salt Lake Desert. One exception to this aridity is Snake Valley, which is (relatively) lush due to large springs and wetlands fed from groundwater derived from snow melt in the Snake Range, Deep Creek Range, and other tall mountains to the west of Snake Valley. Great Basin National Park is just over the Nevada state line in the southern Snake Range. One of western Utah’s most impressive, but least visited attractions is Notch Peak, the tallest limestone cliff in North America, located west of Delta.

Much of the scenic southern and southeastern landscape (specifically the Colorado Plateau region) is sandstone, specifically Kayenta sandstone and Navajo sandstone. The Colorado River and its tributaries wind their way through the sandstone, creating some of the world’s most striking and wild terrain (the area around the confluence of the Colorado and Green Rivers was the last to be mapped in the lower 48 United States). Wind and rain have also sculpted the soft sandstone over millions of years. Canyons, gullies, arches, pinnacles, buttes, bluffs, and mesas are the common sight throughout south-central and southeast Utah.

This terrain is the central feature of protected state and federal parks such as Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion national parks, Cedar Breaks, Grand Staircase-Escalante, Hovenweep, and Natural Bridges national monuments, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (site of the popular tourist destination, Lake Powell), Dead Horse Point and Goblin Valley state parks, and Monument Valley. The Navajo Nation also extends into southeastern Utah. Southeastern Utah is also punctuated by the remote, but lofty La Sal, Abajo, and Henry mountain ranges.

Eastern (northern quarter) Utah is a high-elevation area covered mostly by plateaus and basins, particularly the Tavaputs Plateau and San Rafael Swell, which remain mostly inaccessible, and the Uinta Basin, where the majority of eastern Utah’s population lives. Economies are dominated by mining, oil shale, oil, and natural gas-drilling, ranching, and recreation. Much of eastern Utah is part of the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation. The most popular destination within northeastern Utah is Dinosaur National Monument near Vernal.

Southwestern Utah is the lowest and hottest spot in Utah. It is known as Utah’s Dixie because early settlers were able to grow some cotton there. Beaverdam Wash in far southwestern Utah is the lowest point in the state, at 2,000 feet (610 m).[42] The northernmost portion of the Mojave Desert is also located in this area. Dixie is quickly becoming a popular recreational and retirement destination, and the population is growing rapidly. Although the Wasatch Mountains end at Mount Nebo near Nephi, a complex series of mountain ranges extends south from the southern end of the range down the spine of Utah. Just north of Dixie and east of Cedar City is the state’s highest ski resort, Brian Head.

Like most of the western and southwestern states, the federal government owns much of the land in Utah. Over 70 percent of the land is either BLM land, Utah State Trustland, or U.S. National Forest, U.S. National Park, U.S. National Monument, National Recreation Area or U.S. Wilderness Area.[44] Utah is the only state where every county contains some national forest.[45]

Adjacent states

  • Idaho (north)
  • Wyoming (east and north)
  • Colorado (east)
  • Nevada (west)
  • Arizona (south)

Climate

File:Utah Köppen.svg

Köppen climate types of Utah

Utah features a dry, semi-arid to desert climate,[citation needed] although its many mountains feature a large variety of climates, with the highest points in the Uinta Mountains being above the timberline. The dry weather is a result of the state’s location in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada in California. The eastern half of the state lies in the rain shadow of the Wasatch Mountains. The primary source of precipitation for the state is the Pacific Ocean, with the state usually lying in the path of large Pacific storms from October to May. In summer, the state, especially southern and eastern Utah, lies in the path of monsoon moisture from the Gulf of California.

Most of the lowland areas receive less than 12 inches (305 mm) of precipitation annually, although the I-15 corridor, including the densely populated Wasatch Front, receives approximately 15 inches (381 mm). The Great Salt Lake Desert is the driest area of the state, with less than 5 inches (127 mm). Snowfall is common in all but the far southern valleys. Although St. George receives only about 3 inches (76 mm) per year, Salt Lake City sees about 60 inches (1,524 mm), enhanced by the lake-effect snow from the Great Salt Lake, which increases snowfall totals to the south, southeast, and east of the lake.

Some areas of the Wasatch Range in the path of the lake-effect receive up to 500 inches (12,700 mm) per year. This micro climate of enhanced snowfall from the Great Salt Lake spans the entire proximity of the lake. The cottonwood canyons adjacent to Salt Lake City are located in the right position to receive more precipitation from the lake.[46] The consistently deep powder snow led Utah’s ski industry to adopt the slogan «the Greatest Snow on Earth» in the 1980s. In the winter, temperature inversions are a common phenomenon across Utah’s low basins and valleys, leading to thick haze and fog that can last for weeks at a time, especially in the Uintah Basin. Although at other times of year its air quality is good, winter inversions give Salt Lake City some of the worst wintertime pollution in the country.

Previous studies have indicated a widespread decline in snowpack over Utah accompanied by a decline in the snow–precipitation ratio while anecdotal evidence claims have been put forward that measured changes in Utah’s snowpack are spurious and do not reflect actual change. A 2012 study[47] found that the proportion of winter (January–March) precipitation falling as snow has decreased by nine percent during the last half century, a combined result from a significant increase in rainfall and a minor decrease in snowfall. Meanwhile, observed snow depth across Utah has decreased and is accompanied by consistent decreases in snow cover and surface albedo. Weather systems with the potential to produce precipitation in Utah have decreased in number with those producing snowfall decreasing at a considerably greater rate.[48]

File:RoseParkStreets.jpg

Snow in Rose Park, Salt Lake City

Utah’s temperatures are extreme, with cold temperatures in winter due to its elevation, and very hot summers statewide (with the exception of mountain areas and high mountain valleys). Utah is usually protected from major blasts of cold air by mountains lying north and east of the state, although major Arctic blasts can occasionally reach the state. Average January high temperatures range from around 30 °F (−1 °C) in some northern valleys to almost 55 °F (13 °C) in St. George.

Temperatures dropping below 0 °F (−18 °C) should be expected on occasion in most areas of the state most years, although some areas see it often (for example, the town of Randolph averages about fifty days per year with temperatures that low). In July, average highs range from about 85 to 100 °F (29 to 38 °C). However, the low humidity and high elevation typically leads to large temperature variations, leading to cool nights most summer days. The record high temperature in Utah was 118 °F (48 °C), recorded south of St. George on July 4, 2007,[49] and the record low was −69 °F (−56 °C), recorded at Peter Sinks in the Bear River Mountains of northern Utah on February 1, 1985.[50] However, the record low for an inhabited location is −49 °F (−45 °C) at Woodruff on December 12, 1932.[51]

Utah, like most of the western United States, has few days of thunderstorms. On average there are fewer than 40 days of thunderstorm activity during the year, although these storms can be briefly intense when they do occur. They are most likely to occur during monsoon season from about mid-July through mid-September, especially in southern and eastern Utah. Dry lightning strikes and the general dry weather often spark wildfires in summer, while intense thunderstorms can lead to flash flooding, especially in the rugged terrain of southern Utah. Although spring is the wettest season in northern Utah, late summer is the wettest period for much of the south and east of the state. Tornadoes are uncommon in Utah, with an average of two striking the state yearly, rarely higher than EF1 intensity.[52]

One exception of note, however, was the unprecedented F2 Salt Lake City Tornado which moved directly across downtown Salt Lake City on August 11, 1999, killing one person, injuring sixty others, and causing approximately $170 million in damage.[53] The only other reported tornado fatality in Utah’s history was a 7-year-old girl who was killed while camping in Summit County on July 6, 1884. The last tornado of above (E)F0 intensity occurred on September 8, 2002, when an F2 tornado hit Manti. On August 11, 1993, an F3 tornado hit the Uinta Mountains north of Duchesne at an elevation of 10,500 feet (3,200 m), causing some damage to a Boy Scouts campsite. This is the strongest tornado ever recorded in Utah.[citation needed]

Wildlife

See also: List of fauna of Utah

Utah is home to more than 600 vertebrate animals[54] as well as numerous invertebrates and insects.[55]

Mammals

Mammals are found in every area of Utah. Non-predatory larger mammals include the wood bison, elk, moose, mountain goat, mule deer, pronghorn, and multiple types of bighorn sheep. Non-predatory small mammals include muskrat, and nutria. Predatory mammals include the brown and black bear, cougar, Canada lynx, bobcat, fox (gray, red, and kit), coyote, badger, gray wolf, black-footed ferret, mink, stoat, long-tailed weasel, raccoon, and otter.

Birds

Main article: List of birds of Utah

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Insects

There are many different insects found in Utah. One of the most rare is the Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle, found only in Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, near Kanab.[56] It was proposed in 2012 to be listed as a threatened species,[57] but the proposal was not accepted.[58]

In February 2009, Africanized honeybees were found in southern Utah.[59][60] The bees had spread into eight counties in Utah, as far north as Grand and Emery counties by May 2017.[61]

The white-lined sphinx moth is common to most of the United States, but there have been reported outbreaks of large groups of their larvae damaging tomato, grape and garden crops in Utah.[62]

Vegetation

Main article: List of flora of Utah

File:Mojave2.jpg

Joshua Trees, Yuccas, and cholla cactus occupy the far southwest corner of the state in the Mojave Desert

Several thousand plants are native to Utah.[63]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Utah

File:Utah Sign during RAAM 2015 by D Ramey Logan.jpg

«Welcome to Utah» sign

The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Utah was 3,205,958 on July 1, 2019, an 16.00% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[5] The center of population of Utah is located in Utah County in the city of Lehi.[64] Much of the population lives in cities and towns along the Wasatch Front, a metropolitan region that runs north–south with the Wasatch Mountains rising on the eastern side. Growth outside the Wasatch Front is also increasing. The St. George metropolitan area is currently the second fastest-growing in the country after the Las Vegas metropolitan area, while the Heber micropolitan area is also the second fastest-growing in the country (behind Palm Coast, Florida).[65]

Utah contains five metropolitan areas (Logan, OgdenClearfield, Salt Lake City, ProvoOrem, and St. George), and six micropolitan areas (Brigham City, Heber, Vernal, Price, Richfield, and Cedar City).

Health and fertility

Utah ranks among the highest in total fertility rate, 47th in teenage pregnancy, lowest in percentage of births out of wedlock, lowest in number of abortions per capita, and lowest in percentage of teen pregnancies terminated in abortion. However, statistics relating to pregnancies and abortions may also be artificially low from teenagers going out of state for abortions because of parental notification requirements.[66][67] Utah has the lowest child poverty rate in the country, despite its young demographics.[68] According to the Gallup-Healthways Global Well-Being Index as of 2012, Utahns ranked fourth in overall well-being in the United States.[69] A 2002 national prescription drug study determined that antidepressant drugs were «prescribed in Utah more often than in any other state, at a rate nearly twice the national average».[70] The data shows that depression rates in Utah are no higher than the national average.[71]

Ancestry and race

At the 2010 Census, 86.1% of the population was non-Hispanic White,[72] down from 93.8% in 1990,[73] 1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 1.2% non-Hispanic Native American and Alaska Native, 2% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.9% non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.1% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.8% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). 13.0% of Utah’s population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (of any race).

Historical population
Census Pop.
1850 11,380
1860 40,273 253.9%
1870 86,336 114.4%
1880 143,963 66.7%
1890 210,779 46.4%
1900 276,749 31.3%
1910 373,351 34.9%
1920 449,396 20.4%
1930 507,847 13.0%
1940 550,310 8.4%
1950 688,862 25.2%
1960 890,627 29.3%
1970 1,059,273 18.9%
1980 1,461,037 37.9%
1990 1,722,850 17.9%
2000 2,233,169 29.6%
2010 2,763,885 23.8%
2019 (est.) 3,205,958 16.0%
Source: 1910–2010[74]
2019 estimate[5]
Utah Racial Breakdown of Population

Racial composition 1970[73] 1990[73] 2000[75] 2010[72]
White 97.4% 93.8% 89.2% 86.1%
Asian 0.6% 1.9% 1.7% 2.0%
Native 1.1% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2%
Black 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 1.0%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander
0.7% 0.9%
Other race 0.2% 2.2% 4.2% 6.0%
Two or more races 2.1% 2.7%

File:Utah population map.png

Utah population density map

The largest ancestry groups in the state are:

  • 26.0% English
  • 11.9% German
  • 11.8% Scandinavian (5.4% Danish, 4.0% Swedish, 2.4% Norwegian)
  • 9.0% Mexican
  • 6.6% American
  • 6.2% Irish
  • 4.6% Scottish
  • 2.7% Italian
  • 2.4% Dutch
  • 2.2% French
  • 2.2% Welsh
  • 1.4% Scotch Irish
  • 1.3% Swiss

Most Utahns are of Northern European descent.[76] In 2011 one-third of Utah’s workforce was reported to be bilingual, developed through a program of acquisition of second languages beginning in elementary school, and related to Mormonism’s missionary goals for its young people.[77]

In 2011, 28.6% of Utah’s population younger than the age of one were ethnic minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was of a race other than non-Hispanic white.[78]

Religion

Further information: Demographics of Utah § Religion

Religion in Utah as of 2014[79]
Religion Percent
Latter-day Saints 55%
Unaffiliated 22%
Protestant 13%
Catholic 5%
Other faiths 2%
Buddhist 1%
Muslim 1%

File:Salt Lake LDS Temple.jpg

The LDS Salt Lake Temple, the primary attraction in the city’s Temple Square

File:First Presbyterian.jpg

First Presbyterian Church in Salt Lake City

As of 2017, 62.8% of Utahns are counted as members of the LDS Church.[80][81] This declined to 61.2% in 2018[82] and to 60.7% in 2019.[83] Members of the LDS Church currently make up between 34%–41% of the population within Salt Lake City. However, many of the other major population centers such as Provo, Logan, Tooele, and St. George tend to be predominantly LDS, along with many suburban and rural areas. The LDS Church has the largest number of congregations, numbering 4,815 wards.[84]

Though the LDS Church officially maintains a policy of neutrality in regard to political parties,[85] the church’s doctrine has a strong regional influence on politics.[86] Another doctrine effect can be seen in Utah’s high birth rate (25 percent higher than the national average; the highest for a state in the U.S.).[87] The Mormons in Utah tend to have conservative views when it comes to most political issues and the majority of voter-age Utahns are unaffiliated voters (60%) who vote overwhelmingly Republican.[88] Mitt Romney received 72.8% of the Utahn votes in 2012, while John McCain polled 62.5% in the 2008 United States presidential election and 70.9% for George W. Bush in 2004. In 2010 the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) reported that the three largest denominational groups in Utah are the LDS Church with 1,910,504 adherents; the Catholic Church with 160,125 adherents, and the Southern Baptist Convention with 12,593 adherents.[89] There is a small but growing Jewish presence in the state.[90][91]

According to results from the 2010 United States Census, combined with official LDS Church membership statistics, church members represented 62.1% of Utah’s total population. The Utah county with the lowest percentage of church members was Grand County, at 26.5%, while the county with the highest percentage was Morgan County, at 86.1%. In addition, the result for the most populated county, Salt Lake County, was 51.4%.[11]

According to a Gallup poll, Utah had the third-highest number of people reporting as «Very Religious» in 2015, at 55% (trailing only Mississippi and Alabama). However, it was near the national average of people reporting as «Nonreligious» (31%), and featured the smallest percentage of people reporting as «Moderately Religious» (15%) of any state, being eight points lower than second-lowest state Vermont.[92] In addition, it had the highest average weekly church attendance of any state, at 51%.[93]

Languages

The official language in the state of Utah is English. Utah English is primarily a merger of Northern and Midland American dialects carried west by LDS Church members, whose original New York dialect later incorporated features from southern Ohio and central Illinois. Conspicuous in the speech of some in the central valley, although less frequent now in Salt Lake City, is a reversal of vowels, so that farm and barn sound like form and born and, conversely, form and born sound like farm and barn.[citation needed]

In 2000, 87.5% of all state residents five years of age or older spoke only English at home, a decrease from 92.2% in 1990.

Top 14 Non-English Languages Spoken in Utah

Language Percentage of population
(as of 2010)[94]
Spanish 7.4%
German 0.6%
Navajo 0.5%
French 0.4%
Pacific Island languages including Chamorro, Hawaiian, Ilocano, Tagalog, and Samoan 0.4%
Chinese 0.4%
Portuguese 0.3%
Vietnamese 0.3%
Japanese 0.2%
Arapaho 0.1%

Age and gender

Utah has the highest total birth rate[87] and accordingly, the youngest population of any U.S. state. In 2010, the state’s population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The life expectancy is 79.3 years.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Utah

See also: Utah locations by per capita income

File:City Creek Center — Richards Street south entrance — 12 September 2012.JPG

The Wasatch Front region has seen large growth and development despite the economic downturn. Shown is the City Creek Center project, a development in downtown Salt Lake City with a price tag of $1.5–2.5 billion.

File:IM Flash exterior-11.jpg

One out of every 14 flash memory chips in the world is produced in Lehi, Utah.[95]

File:Zion angels landing view.jpg

Zion National Park in southern Utah is one of five national parks in the state.

File:Utah Horses.jpg

Farms and ranches

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the gross state product of Utah in 2012 was US$130.5 billion, or 0.87% of the total United States GDP of US$14.991 trillion for the same year.[96] The per capita personal income was $45,700 in 2012. Major industries of Utah include: mining, cattle ranching, salt production, and government services.

According to the 2007 State New Economy Index, Utah is ranked the top state in the nation for Economic Dynamism, determined by «the degree to which state economies are knowledge-based, globalized, entrepreneurial, information technology-driven and innovation-based». In 2014, Utah was ranked number one in Forbes‘ list of «Best States For Business».[97] A November 2010 article in Newsweek magazine highlighted Utah and particularly the Salt Lake City area’s economic outlook, calling it «the new economic Zion», and examined how the area has been able to bring in high-paying jobs and attract high-tech corporations to the area during a recession.[98] As of September 2014, the state’s unemployment rate was 3.5%.[99] In terms of «small business friendliness», in 2014 Utah emerged as number one, based on a study drawing upon data from more than 12,000 small business owners.[100]

In eastern Utah petroleum production is a major industry.[101] Near Salt Lake City, petroleum refining is done by a number of oil companies. In central Utah, coal production accounts for much of the mining activity.

According to Internal Revenue Service tax returns, Utahns rank first among all U.S. states in the proportion of income given to charity by the wealthy. This is due to the standard ten percent of all earnings that Mormons give to the LDS Church.[68] According to the Corporation for National and Community Service, Utah had an average of 884,000 volunteers between 2008 and 2010, each of whom contributed 89.2 hours per volunteer. This figure equates to $3.8 billion of service contributed, ranking Utah number one for volunteerism in the nation.[102]

Taxation

Utah collects personal income tax; since 2008 the tax has been a flat five percent for all taxpayers.[103] The state sales tax has a base rate of 6.45 percent,[104] with cities and counties levying additional local sales taxes that vary among the municipalities. Property taxes are assessed and collected locally. Utah does not charge intangible property taxes and does not impose an inheritance tax.

Tourism

Tourism is a major industry in Utah. With five national parks (Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion), Utah has the third most national parks of any state after Alaska and California. In addition, Utah features eight national monuments (Cedar Breaks, Dinosaur, Grand Staircase-Escalante, Hovenweep, Natural Bridges, Bears Ears, Rainbow Bridge, and Timpanogos Cave), two national recreation areas (Flaming Gorge and Glen Canyon), seven national forests (Ashley, Caribou-Targhee, Dixie, Fishlake, Manti-La Sal, Sawtooth, and Uinta-Wasatch-Cache), and numerous state parks and monuments.

The Moab area, in the southeastern part of the state, is known for its challenging mountain biking trails, including Slickrock. Moab also hosts the famous Moab Jeep Safari semiannually.

Utah has seen an increase in tourism since the 2002 Winter Olympics. Park City is home to the United States Ski Team. Utah’s ski resorts are primarily located in northern Utah near Salt Lake City, Park City, Ogden, and Provo. Between 2007 and 2011 Deer Valley in Park City, has been ranked the top ski resort in North America in a survey organized by Ski Magazine.[105]

Utah has many significant ski resorts. The 2009 Ski Magazine reader survey concluded that six of the top ten resorts deemed most «accessible», and six of the top ten with the best snow conditions, were located in Utah.[106] In Southern Utah, Brian Head Ski Resort is located in the mountains near Cedar City. Former Olympic venues including Utah Olympic Park and Utah Olympic Oval are still in operation for training and competition and allows the public to participate in numerous activities including ski jumping, bobsleigh, and speed skating.

Utah features many cultural attractions such as Temple Square, the Sundance Film Festival, the Red Rock Film Festival, the DOCUTAH Film Festival, the Utah Data Center, and the Utah Shakespearean Festival. Temple Square is ranked as the 16th most visited tourist attraction in the United States by Forbes magazine, with more than five million annual visitors.[107]

Other attractions include Monument Valley, the Great Salt Lake, the Bonneville Salt Flats, and Lake Powell.

Branding

The state of Utah relies heavily on income from tourists and travelers visiting the state’s parks and ski resorts, and thus the need to «brand» Utah and create an impression of the state throughout the world has led to several state slogans, the most famous of which being «The Greatest Snow on Earth», which has been in use in Utah officially since 1975 (although the slogan was in unofficial use as early as 1962) and now adorns nearly 50 percent of the state’s license plates. In 2001, Utah Governor Mike Leavitt approved a new state slogan, «Utah! Where Ideas Connect», which lasted until March 10, 2006, when the Utah Travel Council and the office of Governor Jon Huntsman announced that «Life Elevated» would be the new state slogan.[108]

Mining

File:BinghamCanyon.jpg

Mining has been a large industry in Utah since it was first settled. The Bingham Canyon Mine in Salt Lake County is one of the largest open pit mines in the world.

Beginning in the late 19th century with the state’s mining boom (including the Bingham Canyon Mine, among the world’s largest open pit mines), companies attracted large numbers of immigrants with job opportunities. Since the days of the Utah Territory mining has played a major role in Utah’s economy. Historical mining towns include Mercur in Tooele County, Silver Reef in Washington County, Eureka in Juab County, Park City in Summit County and numerous coal mining camps throughout Carbon County such as Castle Gate, Spring Canyon, and Hiawatha.[109]

These settlements were characteristic of the boom and bust cycle that dominated mining towns of the American West. Park City, Utah, and Alta, Utah were a boom towns in the early twentieth centuries. Rich silver mines in the mountains adjacent to the towns led to many people flocking to the towns in search of wealth. During the early part of the Cold War era, uranium was mined in eastern Utah. Today mining activity still plays a major role in the state’s economy. Minerals mined in Utah include copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, zinc, lead, and beryllium. Fossil fuels including coal, petroleum, and natural gas continue to play a large role in Utah’s economy, especially in the eastern part of the state in counties such as Carbon, Emery, Grand, and Uintah.[109]

Incidents

In 2007, nine people were killed at the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse.

On March 22, 2013, one miner died and another was injured after they became trapped in a cave-in at a part of the Castle Valley Mining Complex, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the small mining town of Huntington in Emery County.[110]

Energy

Utah Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh)
Year Capacity
(MW)
Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2009 223 160 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 33 47 15 35
2010 223 448 31 17 46 44 50 38 36 56 39 26 26 42
2011 325 576 18 54 59 45 57 70 55 63 23 38 65 32
2012 36 40 97 62 80 93 56 40 34
Sources:[111][112][113]
Utah Grid-Connected PV Capacity (MW)[114][115]
Year Capacity Installed % Growth
2007 0.2
2008 0.2 0
2009 0.6 0.4 200%
2010 2.1 1.4 250%
2011 4.4 2.3 110%

Potential to use renewable energy sources

Utah has the potential to generate 31.6 TWh/year from 13.1 GW of wind power, and 10,290 TWh/year from solar power using 4,048 GW of photovoltaic (PV), including 5.6 GW of rooftop photovoltaic, and 1,638 GW of concentrated solar power.[116]

Transportation

Further information: List of state highways in Utah and Utah Transit Authority

File:SLC airport, 2010.jpg

Salt Lake International Airport is the largest airport in Utah

File:Frontrunner north temple station.jpg

FrontRunner commuter rail serves select cities from Ogden to Provo via Salt Lake City.

File:Green line Trax at Gallivan Plaza.jpg

TRAX light rail serves Salt Lake County

I-15 and I-80 are the main interstate highways in the state, where they intersect and briefly merge near downtown Salt Lake City. I-15 traverses the state north-to-south, entering from Arizona near St. George, paralleling the Wasatch Front, and crossing into Idaho near Portage. I-80 spans northern Utah east-to-west, entering from Nevada at Wendover, crossing the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City, and entering Wyoming near Evanston. I-84 West enters from Idaho near Snowville (from Boise) and merges with I-15 from Tremonton to Ogden, then heads southeast through the Wasatch Mountains before terminating at I-80 near Echo Junction.

I-70 splits from I-15 at Cove Fort in central Utah and heads east through mountains and rugged desert terrain, providing quick access to the many national parks and national monuments of southern Utah, and has been noted for its beauty. The 103 mi (166 km) stretch from Salina to Green River is the country’s longest stretch of interstate without services and, when completed in 1970, was the longest stretch of entirely new highway constructed in the U.S. since the Alaska Highway was completed in 1943.

TRAX, a light rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, consists of three lines. The Blue Line (formerly Salt Lake/Sandy Line) begins in the suburb of Draper and ends in Downtown Salt Lake City. The Red Line (Mid-Jordan/University Line) begins in the Daybreak Community of South Jordan, a southwestern valley suburb, and ends at the University of Utah. The Green Line begins in West Valley City, passes through downtown Salt Lake City, and ends at Salt Lake City International Airport.

The Utah Transit Authority (UTA), which operates TRAX, also operates a bus system that stretches across the Wasatch Front, west into Grantsville, and east into Park City. In addition, UTA provides winter service to the ski resorts east of Salt Lake City, Ogden, and Provo. Several bus companies also provide access to the ski resorts in winter, and local bus companies also serve the cities of Cedar City, Logan, Park City, and St. George. A commuter rail line known as FrontRunner, also operated by UTA, runs between Ogden and Provo via Salt Lake City. Amtrak‘s California Zephyr, with one train in each direction daily, runs east–west through Utah with stops in Green River, Helper, Provo, and Salt Lake City.

Salt Lake City International Airport is the only international airport in the state and serves as one of the hubs for Delta Air Lines. The airport has consistently ranked first in on-time departures and had the fewest cancellations among U.S. airports.[117] The airport has non-stop service to more than a hundred destinations throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico, as well as to Amsterdam, London and Paris. Canyonlands Field (near Moab), Cedar City Regional Airport, Ogden-Hinckley Airport, Provo Municipal Airport, St. George Regional Airport, and Vernal Regional Airport all provide limited commercial air service. A new regional airport at St. George opened on January 12, 2011. SkyWest Airlines is also headquartered in St. George and maintains a hub at Salt Lake City.

Law and government

Further information: Government of Utah, List of Utah Governors, List of Utah State Legislatures, Utah State Senate, and Utah State House of Representatives

File:STS-51-D crew.jpg

Jake Garn (top-right), former Senator of Utah (1974–1993), and astronaut on Space Shuttle flight STS-51-D

Utah government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The current governor of Utah is Gary Herbert,[118] who was sworn in on August 11, 2009. The governor is elected for a four-year term. The Utah State Legislature consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. State senators serve four-year terms and representatives two-year terms. The Utah Legislature meets each year in January for an annual 45-day session.

The Utah Supreme Court is the court of last resort in Utah. It consists of five justices, who are appointed by the governor, and then subject to retention election. The Utah Court of Appeals handles cases from the trial courts.[119] Trial level courts are the district courts and justice courts. All justices and judges, like those on the Utah Supreme Court, are subject to retention election after appointment.

Counties

Main article: List of counties in Utah

Utah is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. Since 1918 there have been 29 counties in the state, ranging from 298 to 7,819 square miles (772 to 20,300 km2).

County name County seat Year founded 2010 U.S. Census Largest County City Percent of total Area % of state
Beaver Beaver 1856 6,162 Beaver 0.22% 2,589 sq mi (6,710 km2) 3.2%
Box Elder Brigham City 1856 49,975 Brigham City 1.81% 5,745 sq mi (14,880 km2) 7.0%
Cache Logan 1856 112,656 Logan 4.08% 1,164 sq mi (3,010 km2) 1.4%
Carbon Price 1894 21,403 Price 0.77% 1,478 sq mi (3,830 km2) 1.8%
Daggett Manila 1918 938 Manila 0.03% 696 sq mi (1,800 km2) 0.8%
Davis Farmington 1852 306,479 Layton 11.09% 298 sq mi (770 km2) 0.4%
Duchesne Duchesne 1915 18,607 Roosevelt 0.67% 3,240 sq mi (8,400 km2) 3.9%
Emery Castle Dale 1880 10,976 Huntington 0.40% 4,462 sq mi (11,560 km2) 5.4%
Garfield Panguitch 1882 4,658 Panguitch 0.17% 5,175 sq mi (13,400 km2) 6.3%
Grand Moab 1890 9,589 Moab 0.35% 3,671 sq mi (9,510 km2) 4.5%
Iron Parowan 1852 46,163 Cedar City 1.67% 3,296 sq mi (8,540 km2) 4.0%
Juab Nephi 1852 10,246 Nephi 0.37% 3,392 sq mi (8,790 km2) 4.1%
Kane Kanab 1864 6,577 Kanab 0.24% 3,990 sq mi (10,300 km2) 4.9%
Millard Fillmore 1852 12,503 Delta 0.45% 6,572 sq mi (17,020 km2) 8.0%
Morgan Morgan 1862 8,669 Morgan 0.31% 609 sq mi (1,580 km2) 0.7%
Piute Junction 1865 1,404 Circleville 0.05% 757 sq mi (1,960 km2) 0.9%
Rich Randolph 1868 2,205 Garden City 0.08% 1,028 sq mi (2,660 km2) 1.3%
Salt Lake Salt Lake City 1852 1,029,655 Salt Lake City, State Capital. 37.25% 742 sq mi (1,920 km2) 0.9%
San Juan Monticello 1880 14,746 Blanding 0.53% 7,819 sq mi (20,250 km2) 9.5%
Sanpete Manti 1852 27,822 Ephraim 1.01% 1,590 sq mi (4,100 km2) 1.9%
Sevier Richfield 1865 20,802 Richfield 0.75% 1,910 sq mi (4,900 km2) 2.3%
Summit Coalville 1854 36,324 Park City 1.31% 1,871 sq mi (4,850 km2) 2.3%
Tooele Tooele 1852 58,218 Tooele 2.11% 6,941 sq mi (17,980 km2) 8.4%
Uintah Vernal 1880 32,588 Vernal 1.18% 4,479 sq mi (11,600 km2) 5.5%
Utah Provo 1852 516,564 Provo, third largest city in UT. 18.69% 2,003 sq mi (5,190 km2) 2.4%
Wasatch Heber 1862 23,530 Heber City 0.85% 1,175 sq mi (3,040 km2) 1.4%
Washington St. George 1852 138,115 St. George 5.00% 2,426 sq mi (6,280 km2) 3.0%
Wayne Loa 1892 2,509 Loa 0.09% 2,460 sq mi (6,400 km2) 3.0%
Weber Ogden 1852 231,236 Ogden 8.37% 576 sq mi (1,490 km2) 0.7%
  • Total Counties: 29
  • Total 2010 population: 2,763,885[120]
  • Total state area: 82,154 sq mi (212,780 km2)

Women’s rights

Further information: Women’s suffrage in Utah

Utah granted full voting rights to women in 1870, 26 years before becoming a state. Among all U.S. states, only Wyoming granted suffrage to women earlier.[121] However, in 1887 the initial Edmunds-Tucker Act was passed by Congress in an effort to curtail Mormon influence in the territorial government. One of the provisions of the Act was the repeal of women’s suffrage; full suffrage was not returned until Utah was admitted to the Union in 1896.

Utah is one of the 15 states that have not ratified the U.S. Equal Rights Amendment.[122]

Free-range parenting

In March 2018, Utah passed America’s first «free-range parenting» bill. The bill was signed into law by Republican Governor Gary Herbert and states that parents who allow their children to engage in certain activities without supervision are not considered neglectful.[123][124]

Constitution

Main article: Constitution of Utah

The constitution of Utah was enacted in 1895. Notably, the constitution outlawed polygamy, as requested by Congress when Utah had applied for statehood, and reestablished the territorial practice of women’s suffrage. Utah’s Constitution has been amended many times since its inception.[125]

Alcohol, tobacco and gambling laws

See also: List of alcohol laws of the United States

Utah’s laws in regard to alcohol, tobacco and gambling are strict. Utah is an alcoholic beverage control state. The Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control regulates the sale of alcohol; wine and spirituous liquors may be purchased only at state liquor stores, and local laws may prohibit the sale of beer and other alcoholic beverages on Sundays. The state bans the sale of fruity alcoholic drinks at grocery stores and convenience stores. The law states that such drinks must now have new state-approved labels on the front of the products that contain capitalized letters in bold type telling consumers the drinks contain alcohol and at what percentage. The Utah Indoor Clean Air Act is a statewide smoking ban that prohibits it in many public places.[126] Utah and Hawaii are the only two states in the United States to outlaw all forms of gambling.

Same-sex marriage

Main article: Same-sex marriage in Utah

Same-sex marriage became legal in Utah on December 20, 2013 when judge Robert J. Shelby of the United States District Court for the District of Utah issued a ruling in Kitchen v. Herbert.[127][128] As of close of business December 26, more than 1,225 marriage licenses were issued, with at least 74 percent, or 905 licenses, issued to gay and lesbian couples.[129] The state Attorney General’s office was granted a stay of the ruling by the United States Supreme Court on January 6, 2014 while the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals considered the case.[130] On Monday October 6, 2014, the Supreme Court of the United States declined a Writ of Certiorari, and the 10th Circuit Court issued their mandate later that day, lifting their stay. Same-sex marriages commenced again in Utah that day.[131]

Politics

Further information: Political party strength in Utah and United States presidential elections in Utah

File:Utah State Capitol Building.JPG

The Utah State Capitol, Salt Lake City

File:Mathesoncourthouse.jpg

The Scott Matheson Courthouse is the seat of the Utah Supreme Court.

In the late 19th century, the federal government took issue with polygamy in the LDS Church. The LDS Church discontinued plural marriage in 1890, and in 1896 Utah gained admission to the Union. Many new people settled the area soon after the Mormon pioneers. Relations have often been strained between the LDS population and the non-LDS population.[132] These tensions have played a large part in Utah’s history (Liberal Party vs. People’s Party).

Utah votes predominantly Republican. Self-identified Latter-day Saints are more likely to vote for the Republican ticket than non-Mormons. Utah is one of the most Republican states in the nation.[133][134] Utah was the single most Republican-leaning state in the country in every presidential election from 1976 to 2004, measured by the percentage point margin between the Republican and Democratic candidates. In 2008 Utah was only the third-most Republican state (after Wyoming and Oklahoma), but in 2012, with Mormon Mitt Romney atop the Republican ticket, Utah returned to its position as the most Republican state. However, the 2016 presidential election result saw Republican Donald Trump carry the state (marking the thirteenth consecutive win by the Republican presidential candidate) with only a plurality, the first time this happened since 1992.

Both Utah’s U.S. Senators, Mitt Romney and Mike Lee, are Republican. Three more Republicans—Rob Bishop, Chris Stewart, and John Curtis—represent Utah in the United States House of Representatives. Ben McAdams, the sole Democratic member of the Utah delegation, represents the 4th congressional district. After Jon Huntsman Jr. resigned to serve as U.S. Ambassador to China, Gary Herbert was sworn in as governor on August 11, 2009. Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010, defeating Democratic nominee Salt Lake County Mayor Peter Corroon with 64% of the vote. He won election to a full four-year term in 2012, defeating the Democrat Peter Cooke with 68% of the vote.

The LDS Church maintains an official policy of neutrality with regard to political parties and candidates.[85]

In the 1970s, then-Apostle Ezra Taft Benson was quoted by the Associated Press that it would be difficult for a faithful Latter-day Saint to be a liberal Democrat.[135] Although the LDS Church has officially repudiated such statements on many occasions, Democratic candidates—including LDS Democrats—believe Republicans capitalize on the perception that the Republican Party is doctrinally superior.[136] Political scientist and pollster Dan Jones explains this disparity by noting that the national Democratic Party is associated with liberal positions on gay marriage and abortion, both of which the LDS Church is against.[137] The Republican Party in heavily Mormon Utah County presents itself as the superior choice for Latter-day Saints. Even though Utah Democratic candidates are predominantly LDS, socially conservative, and pro-life, no Democrat has won in Utah County since 1994.[138]

David Magleby, dean of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Brigham Young University, a lifelong Democrat and a political analyst, asserts that the Republican Party actually has more conservative positions than the LDS Church. Magleby argues that the locally conservative Democrats are in better accord with LDS doctrine.[139] For example, the Republican Party of Utah opposes almost all abortions while Utah Democrats take a more liberal approach, although more conservative than their national counterparts. On Second Amendment issues, the state GOP has been at odds with the LDS Church position opposing concealed firearms in places of worship and in public spaces.

In 1998 the church expressed concern that Utahns perceived the Republican Party as an LDS institution and authorized lifelong Democrat and Seventy Marlin Jensen to promote LDS bipartisanship.[135]

Utah is much more conservative than the United States as a whole, particularly on social issues. Compared to other Republican-dominated states in the Mountain West such as Idaho and Wyoming, Utah politics have a more moralistic and less libertarian character, according to David Magleby.[140]

About 80% of Utah’s Legislature are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,[141] while members account for 61 percent of the population.[142] Since becoming a state in 1896, Utah has had only two non-Mormon governors.[143]

In 2006, the legislature passed legislation aimed at banning joint-custody for a non-biological parent of a child. The custody measure passed the legislature and was vetoed by the governor, a reciprocal benefits supporter.

Carbon County’s Democrats are generally made up of members of the large Greek, Italian, and Southeastern European communities, whose ancestors migrated in the early 20th century to work in the extensive mining industry. The views common amongst this group are heavily influenced by labor politics, particularly of the New Deal Era.[144]

The state’s most Republican areas tend to be Utah County, which is the home to Brigham Young University in the city of Provo, and nearly all the rural counties.[145][146] These areas generally hold socially conservative views in line with that of the national Religious Right. The most Democratic areas of the state lie currently in and around Salt Lake City proper.

The state has not voted for a Democrat for president since 1964. Historically, Republican presidential nominees score one of their best margins of victory here. Utah was the Republicans’ best state in the 1976,[147] 1980,[148] 1984,[149] 1988,[150] 1996,[151] 2000,[152] and 2004[153] elections. In 1992, Utah was the only state in the nation where Democratic candidate Bill Clinton finished behind both Republican candidate George HW Bush and Independent candidate Ross Perot.[154] In 2004, Republican George W. Bush won every county in the state and Utah gave him his largest margin of victory of any state. He won the state’s five electoral votes by a margin of 46 percentage points with 71.5% of the vote. In the 1996 Presidential elections the Republican candidate received a smaller 54% of the vote while the Democrat earned 34%.[155]

Major cities and towns

Main article: List of municipalities in Utah

See also: Utah locations by per capita income

File:Salt Lake City — July 16, 2011.jpg

Salt Lake City

File:LoganUtahCourthouse.jpg

Logan

File:Downtown ogden.jpg

Ogden

File:Park City, Utah (2).jpg

Park City

File:Provo iv.jpg

Provo

File:Sandy, Utah city hall.jpg

Sandy

File:Dtn st george.jpg

St. George

File:Kays Crossing with Train Evening.jpg

Layton

Utah’s population is concentrated in two areas, the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, with over 2.6 million residents; and Washington County, in southwestern Utah, locally known as «Dixie«, with more than 175,000 residents in the metropolitan area.

According to the 2010 Census, Utah was the second fastest-growing state (at 23.8 percent) in the United States between 2000 and 2010 (behind Nevada). St. George, in the southwest, is the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States, trailing Greeley, Colorado.

The three fastest-growing counties from 2000 to 2010 were Wasatch County (54.7%), Washington County (52.9%), and Tooele County (42.9%). However, Utah County added the most people (148,028). Between 2000 and 2010, Saratoga Springs (1,673%), Herriman (1,330%), Eagle Mountain (893%), Cedar Hills (217%), South Willard (168%), Nibley (166%), Syracuse (159%), West Haven (158%), Lehi (149%), Washington (129%), and Stansbury Park (116%) all at least doubled in population. West Jordan (35,376), Lehi (28,379), St. George (23,234), South Jordan (20,981), West Valley City (20,584), and Herriman (20,262) all added at least 20,000 people.[156]

Utah
Rank
City Population
(2017)
within
city limits
Land
area
Population
density
(/mi2)
Population
density
(/km2)
County
1 Salt Lake City 200,544 109.1 sq mi (283 km2) 1,666.1 630 Salt Lake
2 West Valley City 136,170 35.4 sq mi (92 km2) 3,076.3 1,236 Salt Lake
3 Provo 117,335 39.6 sq mi (103 km2) 2,653.2 1,106 Utah County
4 West Jordan 113,905 30.9 sq mi (80 km2) 2,211.3 1,143 Salt Lake
5 Orem 97,839 18.4 sq mi (48 km2) 4,572.6 1,881 Utah County
6 Sandy 96,145 22.3 sq mi (58 km2) 3,960.5 1,551 Salt Lake
7 Ogden 87,031 26.6 sq mi (69 km2) 2,899.2 1,137 Weber
8 St. George 84,405 64.4 sq mi (167 km2) 771.2 385 Washington
9 Layton 76,691 22.0 sq mi (57 km2) 3,486 1,346 Davis
10 South Jordan 70,954 22.05 sq mi (57 km2) 3,016 1,163 Salt Lake
11 Lehi 62,712 26.3 sq mi (68 km2) 2,200 850 Utah
12 Millcreek 60,192 13.7 sq mi (35 km2) 4,500 1,800 Salt Lake
13 Taylorsville 59,992 10.7 sq mi (28 km2) 5,415 2,077 Salt Lake
Combined statistical area Population
(2010)
Salt Lake CityOgdenClearfield
comprises:
Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Areas and
Brigham City and Heber Micropolitan Areas (as listed below)
1,744,886
Utah
Rank
Metropolitan area Population
(2017)
Counties
1 Salt Lake City* 1,203,105 Salt Lake, Tooele, Summit
2 OgdenClearfield* 665,358 Weber, Davis, Morgan
3 ProvoOrem 617,675 Utah
4 St. George 165,662 Washington
5 Logan 138,002 Cache, Franklin (Idaho)
  • Until 2003, the Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan areas were considered as a single metropolitan area.[citation needed]
Utah
Rank
Micropolitan area Population
(2010)
1 Brigham City 49,015
2 Cedar City 44,540
3 Vernal 29,885
4 Heber 21,066
5 Price 19,549
6 Richfield 18,382

Colleges and universities

Main article: List of colleges and universities in Utah

File:Uofu huntsmancancerinstitute.jpg

The Huntsman Cancer Institute on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City

File:ESC Eyring Science Center.jpg

The Eyring Science Center on the campus of Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah

  • Ameritech College of Healthcare in Draper
  • The Art Institute of Salt Lake City in Draper
  • Bridgerland Technical College in Logan
  • Broadview University in Salt Lake City, Layton, Orem, West Jordan
  • Brigham Young University in Provo (satellite campus in Salt Lake City)
  • Certified Career Institute in Salt Lake City and Clearfield
  • Davis Technical College in Kaysville
  • Dixie State University in St. George
  • Eagle Gate College in Murray and Layton
  • George Wythe University in Salt Lake City
  • LDS Business College in Salt Lake City
  • Mountainland Technical College in Lehi
  • Neumont University in South Jordan
  • Ogden–Weber Technical College in Ogden
  • Provo College in Provo
  • Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions in Provo
  • Roseman University in South Jordan, Utah
  • Salt Lake Community College in Taylorsville
  • Snow College in Ephraim and Richfield
  • Southern Utah University (formerly Southern Utah State College) in Cedar City
  • Southwest Technical College in Cedar City
  • Stevens-Henager College at various locations statewide
  • Tooele Technical College in Tooele
  • Uintah Basin Technical College in Roosevelt
  • University of Phoenix at various locations statewide
  • University of Utah in Salt Lake City
  • Utah College of Applied Technology in Lehi
  • Utah State University in Logan (satellite campuses at various state locations)
  • Utah State University Eastern in Price (formerly the College of Eastern Utah until 2010)
  • Utah Valley University (formerly Utah Valley State College) in Orem
  • Weber State University in Ogden
  • Western Governors University an online only university, headquartered in Salt Lake City
  • Westminster College in Salt Lake City

Culture

Sports

See also: List of professional sports teams in Utah

File:Houston Rockets and Utah Jazz.jpg

The Utah Jazz playing against the Houston Rockets

File:Robbie Russell Real Salt Lake.jpg

Robbie Russell playing for Real Salt Lake

Utah is the second-least populous U.S. state to have a major professional sports league franchise, after the Vegas Golden Knights joined the National Hockey League in 2017. The Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association play at Vivint Smart Home Arena[157] in Salt Lake City. The team moved to the city from New Orleans in 1979 and has been one of the most consistently successful teams in the league (although they have yet to win a championship). Salt Lake City was previously host to the Utah Stars, who competed in the ABA from 1970–76 and won one championship, and to the Utah Starzz of the WNBA from 1997 to 2003.

Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer was founded in 2005 and play their home matches at Rio Tinto Stadium in Sandy. RSL remains the only Utah major league sports team to have won a national championship, having won the MLS Cup in 2009.[158] RSL currently operates three adult teams in addition to the MLS side. Real Monarchs, competing in the second-level USL Championship, is the official reserve side for RSL. The team began play in the 2015 season at Rio Tinto Stadium,[159] remaining there until moving to Zions Bank Stadium, located at RSL’s training center in Herriman, for the 2018 season and beyond.[160] Utah Royals FC, which shares ownership with RSL and also plays at Rio Tinto Stadium, has played in the National Women’s Soccer League, the top level of U.S. women’s soccer, since 2018.[161] Before the creation of the Royals, RSL’s main women’s side had been Real Salt Lake Women, which began play in the Women’s Premier Soccer League in 2008 and moved to United Women’s Soccer in 2016. RSL Women currently play at Utah Valley University in Orem.

The Utah Blaze began play in the original version of the Arena Football League in 2006, and remained in the league until it folded in 2009. The Blaze returned to the league at its relaunch in 2010, playing until the team’s demise in 2013. They competed originally at the Maverik Center in West Valley City, and later at Vivint Smart Home Arena when it was known as EnergySolutions Arena.

Utah’s highest level minor league baseball team is the Salt Lake Bees, who play at Smith’s Ballpark in Salt Lake City and are part of the AAA level Pacific Coast League. Utah also has one minor league hockey team, the Utah Grizzlies, who play at the Maverik Center and compete in the ECHL.

Utah has seven universities that compete in Division I of the NCAA. Three of the schools have football programs that participate in the top-level Football Bowl Subdivision: Utah in the Pac-12 Conference, Utah State in the Mountain West Conference, and BYU as an independent (although BYU competes in the non-football West Coast Conference for most other sports). In addition, Weber State and Southern Utah (SUU) compete in the Big Sky Conference of the FCS. Dixie State, with an FCS football program, and Utah Valley, with no football program, are members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). Dixie State began a four-year transition to Division I in 2020. Since the WAC has been a non-football conference since 2013, Dixie State football plays as an FCS independent.

Salt Lake City hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. After early financial struggles and scandal, the 2002 Olympics eventually became among the most successful Winter Olympics in history from a marketing and financial standpoint.[citation needed] Watched by more than two billion viewers, the Games ended up with a profit of $100 million.[162]

Utah has hosted professional golf tournaments such as the Uniting Fore Care Classic and currently the Utah Championship.

Rugby has been growing quickly in the state of Utah, growing from 17 teams in 2009 to 70 as of 2013 with more than 3,000 players, and more than 55 high school varsity teams.[163][164] The growth has been inspired in part by the 2008 movie Forever Strong.[164] Utah fields two of the most competitive teams in the nation in college rugby—BYU and Utah.[163] BYU has won the National Championship in 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Formed in 2017, Utah Warriors is a Major League Rugby team based in Salt Lake City.[165]

Entertainment

Utah is the setting of or the filming location for many books, films,[166] television series,[166] music videos, and video games.

Utah’s capitol Salt Lake City is the final location in the video game The Last of Us.[167]

Monument Valley in southeastern Utah. This area was used to film many Hollywood Westerns.

The otherworldly look of the Bonneville Salt Flats has been used in many movies and commercials.

See also

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  • Outline of Utah
  • Index of Utah-related articles

References

Template:UtahStateParks

  1. Template:Cite ngs
  2. 2.0 2.1 «Elevations and Distances in the United States». United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
  4. Arave, Lynn (August 31, 2006). «Utah’s basement—Beaver Dam Wash is state’s lowest elevation». Deseret Morning News. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 «QuickFacts Utah; UNITED STATES». 2019 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. February 26, 2019. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  6. «Median Annual Household Income». The US Census Bureau n. January 28, 2020. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
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Further reading

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  • Peterson, Charles S. and Brian Q. Cannon. The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. ISBN: 978-1-60781-421-4

External links

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General

  • Utah at Curlie

Government

  • «State of Utah» (official Web site).
  • «Energy Data & Statistics for Utah». US: DoE. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

Military

  • «National Guard». UT: Army. Archived from the original on June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  • «Air National Guard». UT: Air Force. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «Hill Air Force Base». UT: Air Force. Retrieved May 4, 2017.

Maps and demographics

  • «Southwest Collection». TX: Texas Tech. 1875.
  • «Utah State Facts». USDA. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Utah». USGS. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «QuickFacts». The US: Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015..
  • File:Openstreetmap logo.svg Geographic data related to Utah at OpenStreetMap

Tourism and recreation

  • Utah Office of Tourism Official Website
  • Office of Tourism (requires Adobe Flash)
  • Utah State Parks
  • Utah Traffic and Road Conditions

Other

  • Utah State Chamber of Commerce
Preceded by
Wyoming
List of U.S. states by date of statehood
Admitted on January 4, 1896 (45th)
Succeeded by
Oklahoma

This article is about the U.S. state of Utah. For other uses, see Utah (disambiguation).

Coordinates: 39°N 111°W / 39°N 111°W

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Utah

State

State of Utah
Flag of Utah

Flag

Official seal of Utah

Seal

Nickname(s): 

«Beehive State» (official), «The Mormon State», «Deseret»

Motto(s): 

Industry

Anthem: «Utah…This Is The Place«
Map of the United States with Utah highlighted

Map of the United States with Utah highlighted

Country United States
Before statehood Utah Territory
Admitted to the Union January 4, 1896 (45th)
Capital
(and largest city)
Salt Lake City
Largest metro Salt Lake City
Government
 • Governor Gary Herbert (R)
 • Lieutenant Governor Spencer Cox (R)
Legislature State Legislature
 • Upper house State Senate
 • Lower house House of Representatives
Judiciary Utah Supreme Court
U.S. senators Mike Lee (R)
Mitt Romney (R)
U.S. House delegation 1: Rob Bishop (R)
2: Chris Stewart (R)
3: John Curtis (R)
4: Ben McAdams (D) (list)
Area
 • Total 84,899 sq mi (219,887 km2)
 • Land 82,144 sq mi (212,761 km2)
 • Water Formatting error: invalid input when rounding sq mi (7,136 km2)  3.25%
Area rank 13th
Dimensions
 • Length 350 mi (560 km)
 • Width 270 mi (435 km)
Elevation 6,100 ft (1,860 m)
Highest elevation

(Kings Peak[1][2][3])

13,534 ft (4,120.3 m)
Lowest elevation

(Beaver Dam Wash at Template:Nobreak[2][3][4])

2,180 ft (664.4 m)
Population

 (2019)

 • Total 3,205,958[5]
 • Rank 30th
 • Density 36.53/sq mi (14.12/km2)
 • Density rank 41st
 • Median household income $68,374[6]
 • Income rank 14th
Demonym(s) Utahn or Utahan[7]
Language
 • Official language English
Time zone UTC−07:00 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation

UT

ISO 3166 code US-UT
Trad. abbreviation Ut.
Latitude 37° N to 42° N
Longitude 109°3′ W to 114°3′ W
Website utah.gov
Utah state symbols
File:Flag of Utah.svg

Flag of Utah

File:Seal of Utah.svg

Seal of Utah

Living insignia
Bird California gull
Fish Bonneville cutthroat trout
Flower Sego lily
Grass Indian ricegrass
Mammal Rocky Mountain Elk
Reptile Gila monster
Tree Quaking aspen
Inanimate insignia
Dance Square dance
Dinosaur Utahraptor
Firearm Browning M1911
Fossil Allosaurus
Gemstone Topaz
Mineral Copper
Tartan Utah State Centennial Tartan
State route marker
Utah state route marker
State quarter
Utah quarter dollar coin

Released in 2007

Lists of United States state symbols

Utah (English pronunciation: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character «[«. YOO-tah, English pronunciation: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character «[«. YOO-taw) is a state in the western United States. It is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area, and with a population over three million, the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population, and Washington County in the south, with more than 170,000 residents.[8] Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.

The territory of modern Utah has been inhabited by various indigenous groups for thousands of years, including the ancient Puebloans, the Navajo, and the Ute. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region’s difficult geography and climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was part of Mexico, many of Utah’s earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States. Following the Mexican-American War, it became part of the Utah Territory, which included what is now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah’s admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted as the 45th, in 1896.

A little more than half of all Utahns are Mormons, the vast majority of whom are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City.[9] Utah is the only state where most of the population belongs to a single church.[10] The LDS Church greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life,[11] though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.

The state has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation. In 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state.[12] St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005.[13] Utah also has the 14th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. A 2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the «best state to live in the future» based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, and health-related outlook metrics.[14]

Etymology

The name Utah is said to derive from the name of the Ute tribe, meaning «people of the mountains».[15] However, no such word actually exists in the Utes’ language, and the Utes refer to themselves as Noochee. The meaning of Utes as «the mountain people» is attributed to the neighboring Pueblo Indians,[16] specifically from the Apache word Yuttahih, which means «one that is higher up» or «those that are higher up».[15] In Spanish it was pronounced Yuta; subsequently English-speaking people may have adapted the word as ‘Utah’.[17]

History

Main article: History of Utah

Pre-Columbian

File:California1838.jpg

Map showing Utah in 1838 when it was part of Mexico, Britannica 7th edition

Thousands of years before the arrival of European explorers, the Ancestral Puebloans and the Fremont people lived in what is now known as Utah, some of which spoke languages of the Uto-Aztecan group. Ancestral Pueblo peoples built their homes through excavations in mountains, and the Fremont people built houses of straw before disappearing from the region around the 15th century.

Another group of Native Americans, the Navajo, settled in the region around the 18th century. In the mid-18th century, other Uto-Aztecan tribes, including the Goshute, the Paiute, the Shoshone, and the Ute people, also settled in the region. These five groups were present when the first European explorers arrived.[18][19]

Spanish exploration (1540)

Main articles: New Spain, The Californias § History, First Mexican Empire, Provisional Government of Mexico, First Mexican Republic, and Centralist Republic of Mexico

The southern Utah region was explored by the Spanish in 1540, led by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, while looking for the legendary Cíbola. A group led by two Catholic priests—sometimes called the Domínguez–Escalante expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the coast of California. The expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. The Spanish made further explorations in the region but were not interested in colonizing the area because of its desert nature. In 1821, the year Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, the region became known as part of its territory of Alta California.

European trappers and fur traders explored some areas of Utah in the early 19th century from Canada and the United States. The city of Provo, Utah was named for one, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah was named after Peter Skene Ogden, a Canadian explorer who traded furs in the Weber Valley.

In late 1824, Jim Bridger became the first known English-speaking person to sight the Great Salt Lake. Due to the high salinity of its waters, He thought he had found the Pacific Ocean; he subsequently learned this body of water was a giant salt lake. After the discovery of the lake, hundreds of American and Canadian traders and trappers established trading posts in the region. In the 1830s, thousands of migrants traveling from the Eastern United States to the American West began to make stops in the region of the Great Salt Lake, then known as Lake Youta.[citation needed]

Latter Day Saint settlement (1847)

Main articles: Mexican–American War, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and Mexican Cession

File:BrighamYoung1.jpg

Brigham Young led the first Mormon pioneers to the Great Salt Lake.

Following the death of Joseph Smith in 1844, Brigham Young, as president of the Quorum of the Twelve, became the effective leader of the LDS Church in Nauvoo, Illinois.[20] To address the growing conflicts between his people and their neighbors, Young agreed with Illinois Governor Thomas Ford in October 1845 that the Mormons would leave by the following year.[21]

Young and the first band of Mormon pioneers reached the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. Over the next 22 years, more than 70,000 pioneers crossed the plains and settled in Utah.[22] For the first few years, Brigham Young and the thousands of early settlers of Salt Lake City struggled to survive. The arid desert land was deemed by the Mormons as desirable as a place where they could practice their religion without harassment.

Settlers buried thirty-six Native Americans in one grave after an outbreak of measles occurred during the winter of 1847.[23]

The first group of settlers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery.[24] Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with the first group of settlers in 1847.[25] The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade,[26] as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war.[27][28]

Utah was Mexican territory when the first pioneers arrived in 1847. Early in the Mexican–American War in late 1846, the United States had taken control of New Mexico and California. The entire Southwest became U.S. territory upon the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on March 11. Learning that California and New Mexico were applying for statehood, the settlers of the Utah area (originally having planned to petition for territorial status) applied for statehood with an ambitious plan for a State of Deseret.

The Mormon settlements provided pioneers for other settlements in the West. Salt Lake City became the hub of a «far-flung commonwealth»[29] of Mormon settlements. With new church converts coming from the East and around the world, Church leaders often assigned groups of church members as missionaries to establish other settlements throughout the West. They developed irrigation to support fairly large pioneer populations along Utah’s Wasatch front (Salt Lake City, Bountiful and Weber Valley, and Provo and Utah Valley).[30] Throughout the remainder of the 19th century, Mormon pioneers established hundreds of other settlements in Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Wyoming, California, Canada, and Mexico—including in Las Vegas, Nevada; Franklin, Idaho (the first European settlement in Idaho); San Bernardino, California; Mesa, Arizona; Star Valley, Wyoming; and Carson Valley, Nevada.

Prominent settlements in Utah included St. George, Logan, and Manti (where settlers completed the first three temples in Utah, each started after but finished many years before the larger and better known temple built in Salt Lake City was completed in 1893), as well as Parowan, Cedar City, Bluff, Moab, Vernal, Fillmore (which served as the territorial capital between 1850 and 1856), Nephi, Levan, Spanish Fork, Springville, Provo Bench (now Orem), Pleasant Grove, American Fork, Lehi, Sandy, Murray, Jordan, Centerville, Farmington, Huntsville, Kaysville, Grantsville, Tooele, Roy, Brigham City, and many other smaller towns and settlements. Young had an expansionist’s view of the territory that he and the Mormon pioneers were settling, calling it Deseret—which according to the Book of Mormon was an ancient word for «honeybee». This is symbolized by the beehive on the Utah flag, and the state’s motto, «Industry».[31]

Utah Territory (1850–1896)

Main articles: Organic act § List of organic acts, Utah Territory, Admission to the Union, and List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

File:Saltlakecity1850.jpg

Salt Lake City in 1850

File:Sketch of Salt Lake 1860.jpg

A sketch of Salt Lake City in 1860

File:Deseret Village.jpg

Deseret Village recreates Utah pioneer life for tourists.

File:East and West Shaking hands at the laying of last rail Union Pacific Railroad — Restoration.jpg

The Golden Spike where the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in the U.S. on May 10, 1869, in Promontory, Utah

The Utah Territory was much smaller than the proposed state of Deseret, but it still contained all of the present states of Nevada and Utah as well as pieces of modern Wyoming and Colorado.[32] It was created with the Compromise of 1850, and Fillmore, named after President Millard Fillmore, was designated the capital. The territory was given the name Utah after the Ute tribe of Native Americans. Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital in 1856.

By 1850, there were around 100 blacks, the majority of whom were slaves.[33] In Salt Lake County, 26 slaves were counted.[34] In 1852, the territorial legislature passed the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners formally legalizing slavery in the territory. Slavery was abolished in the territory during the Civil War.

In 1850, Salt Lake City sent out a force known as the Nauvoo Legion and engaged the Timpanogos in the Battle at Fort Utah.[35]:71

Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the U.S. government intensified due to the practice of plural marriage, or polygamy, among members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Mormons were still pushing for the establishment of a State of Deseret with the new borders of the Utah Territory. Most, if not all, of the members of the U.S. government opposed the polygamous practices of the Mormons.

Members of the LDS Church were viewed as un-American and rebellious when news of their polygamous practices spread. In 1857, particularly heinous accusations of abdication of government and general immorality were leveled by former associate justice William W. Drummond, among others. The detailed reports of life in Utah caused the administration of James Buchanan to send a secret military «expedition» to Utah. When the supposed rebellion should be quelled, Alfred Cumming would take the place of Brigham Young as territorial governor. The resulting conflict is known as the Utah War, nicknamed «Buchanan’s Blunder» by the Mormon leaders.

In September 1857, about 120 American settlers of the Baker–Fancher wagon train, en route to California from Arkansas, were murdered by Utah Territorial Militia and some Paiute Native Americans in the Mountain Meadows massacre.[36]

Before troops led by Albert Sidney Johnston entered the territory, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City to evacuate southward to Utah Valley and sent out the Nauvoo Legion to delay the government’s advance. Although wagons and supplies were burned, eventually the troops arrived in 1858, and Young surrendered official control to Cumming, although most subsequent commentators claim that Young retained true power in the territory. A steady stream of governors appointed by the president quit the position, often citing the traditions of their supposed territorial government. By agreement with Young, Johnston established Camp Floyd, 40 miles (60 km) away from Salt Lake City, to the southwest.

Salt Lake City was the last link of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, completed in October 1861. Brigham Young was among the first to send a message, along with Abraham Lincoln and other officials.

Because of the American Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory in 1861. This was a boon to the local economy as the army sold everything in camp for pennies on the dollar before marching back east to join the war. The territory was then left in LDS hands until Patrick E. Connor arrived with a regiment of California volunteers in 1862. Connor established Fort Douglas just 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his people to discover mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the territory. Minerals were discovered in Tooele County and miners began to flock to the territory.

Beginning in 1865, Utah’s Black Hawk War developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory’s history. Chief Antonga Black Hawk died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the Ghost Dance of 1872. The war is unique among Indian Wars because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos Utes led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and LDS authorities.

On May 10, 1869, the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake.[37] The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the territory and several influential businesspeople made fortunes there.

During the 1870s and 1880s laws were passed to punish polygamists due, in part, to stories from Utah. Notably, Ann Eliza Young—tenth wife to divorce Brigham Young, women’s advocate, national lecturer and author of Wife No. 19 or My Life of Bondage and Mr. and Mrs. Fanny Stenhouse, authors of The Rocky Mountain Saints (T. B. H. Stenhouse, 1873) and Tell It All: My Life in Mormonism (Fanny Stenhouse, 1875). Both Ann Eliza and Fanny testify to the happiness of the very early Church members before polygamy. They independently published their books in 1875. These books and the lectures of Ann Eliza Young have been credited with the United States Congress passage of anti-polygamy laws by newspapers throughout the United States as recorded in «The Ann Eliza Young Vindicator», a pamphlet which detailed Ms Young’s travels and warm reception throughout her lecture tour.

T. B. H. Stenhouse, former Utah Mormon polygamist, Mormon missionary for thirteen years and a Salt Lake City newspaper owner, finally left Utah and wrote The Rocky Mountain Saints. His book gives a witnessed account of life in Utah, both the good and the bad. He finally left Utah and Mormonism after financial ruin occurred when Brigham Young sent Stenhouse to relocate to Ogden, Utah, according to Stenhouse, to take over his thriving pro-Mormon Salt Lake Telegraph newspaper. In addition to these testimonies, The Confessions of John D. Lee, written by John D. Lee—alleged «Scape goat» for the Mountain Meadow Massacre—also came out in 1877. The corroborative testimonies coming out of Utah from Mormons and former Mormons influenced Congress and the people of the United States.

In the 1890 Manifesto, the LDS Church banned polygamy. When Utah applied for statehood again, it was accepted. One of the conditions for granting Utah statehood was that a ban on polygamy be written into the state constitution. This was a condition required of other western states that were admitted into the Union later. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.

20th century to present

File:Children reading 1940.jpg

Children reading in Santa Clara, Utah, in 1940

Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as Bryce Canyon National Park and Zion National Park, Utah became known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes featured in the popular mid-century western film genre. From such films, most US residents recognize such natural landmarks as Delicate Arch and «the Mittens» of Monument Valley.[38] During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the Interstate highway system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.

Since the establishment of Alta Ski Area in 1939 and the subsequent development of several ski resorts in the state’s mountains, Utah’s skiing has become world-renowned. The dry, powdery snow of the Wasatch Range is considered some of the best skiing in the world (the state license plate once claimed «the Greatest Snow on Earth»).[39][40] Salt Lake City won the bid for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, and this served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues built along the Wasatch Front continue to be used for sporting events. Preparation for the Olympics spurred the development of the light-rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, known as TRAX, and the re-construction of the freeway system around the city.

In 1957, Utah created the Utah State Parks Commission with four parks. Today, Utah State Parks manages 43 parks and several undeveloped areas totaling over 95,000 acres (380 km2) of land and more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) of water. Utah’s state parks are scattered throughout Utah, from Bear Lake State Park at the Utah/Idaho border to Edge of the Cedars State Park Museum deep in the Four Corners region and everywhere in between. Utah State Parks is also home to the state’s off highway vehicle office, state boating office and the trails program.[41]

During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s growth was phenomenal in the suburbs of the Wasatch Front. Sandy was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time. Today, many areas of Utah continue to see boom-time growth. Northern Davis, southern and western Salt Lake, Summit, eastern Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Washington counties are all growing very quickly. Management of transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics, as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas and transportation is a major reason for poor air quality in Utah.

Geography and geology

See also: List of canyons and gorges in Utah, List of Utah counties, and List of earthquakes in Utah

File:Arches 1 — panoramio.jpg

Arches National Park

File:My Public Lands Roadtrip- Pariette Wetlands in Utah (20220345702).jpg

Pariette Wetlands

File:LCLfallfoliage2005.JPG

Little Cottonwood Canyon

File:Deer Creek Reservoir.jpg

Deer Creek Reservoir

File:American Fork Canyon from Timpanogos Cave entrance.jpg

American Fork Canyon

File:Utah Counties.png

Utah county boundaries

Utah is known for its natural diversity and is home to features ranging from arid deserts with sand dunes to thriving pine forests in mountain valleys. It is a rugged and geographically diverse state at the convergence of three distinct geological regions: the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, and the Colorado Plateau.

Utah covers an area of 84,899 sq mi (219,890 km2). It is one of the Four Corners states and is bordered by Idaho in the north, Wyoming in the north and east; by Colorado in the east; at a single point by New Mexico to the southeast; by Arizona in the south; and by Nevada in the west. Only three U.S. states (Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming) have exclusively latitude and longitude lines as boundaries.

One of Utah’s defining characteristics is the variety of its terrain. Running down the middle of the state’s northern third is the Wasatch Range, which rises to heights of almost 12,000 ft (3,700 m) above sea level. Utah is home to world-renowned ski resorts made popular by light, fluffy snow and winter storms that regularly dump up to three feet of it overnight. In the state’s northeastern section, running east to west, are the Uinta Mountains, which rise to heights of over 13,000 feet (4,000 m). The highest point in the state, Kings Peak, at 13,528 feet (4,123 m),[42] lies within the Uinta Mountains.

At the western base of the Wasatch Range is the Wasatch Front, a series of valleys and basins that are home to the most populous parts of the state. It stretches approximately from Brigham City at the north end to Nephi at the south end. Approximately 75 percent of the state’s population lives in this corridor, and population growth is rapid.

Western Utah is mostly arid desert with a basin and range topography. Small mountain ranges and rugged terrain punctuate the landscape. The Bonneville Salt Flats are an exception, being comparatively flat as a result of once forming the bed of ancient Lake Bonneville. Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, Sevier Lake, and Rush Lake are all remnants of this ancient freshwater lake,[43] which once covered most of the eastern Great Basin. West of the Great Salt Lake, stretching to the Nevada border, lies the arid Great Salt Lake Desert. One exception to this aridity is Snake Valley, which is (relatively) lush due to large springs and wetlands fed from groundwater derived from snow melt in the Snake Range, Deep Creek Range, and other tall mountains to the west of Snake Valley. Great Basin National Park is just over the Nevada state line in the southern Snake Range. One of western Utah’s most impressive, but least visited attractions is Notch Peak, the tallest limestone cliff in North America, located west of Delta.

Much of the scenic southern and southeastern landscape (specifically the Colorado Plateau region) is sandstone, specifically Kayenta sandstone and Navajo sandstone. The Colorado River and its tributaries wind their way through the sandstone, creating some of the world’s most striking and wild terrain (the area around the confluence of the Colorado and Green Rivers was the last to be mapped in the lower 48 United States). Wind and rain have also sculpted the soft sandstone over millions of years. Canyons, gullies, arches, pinnacles, buttes, bluffs, and mesas are the common sight throughout south-central and southeast Utah.

This terrain is the central feature of protected state and federal parks such as Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion national parks, Cedar Breaks, Grand Staircase-Escalante, Hovenweep, and Natural Bridges national monuments, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (site of the popular tourist destination, Lake Powell), Dead Horse Point and Goblin Valley state parks, and Monument Valley. The Navajo Nation also extends into southeastern Utah. Southeastern Utah is also punctuated by the remote, but lofty La Sal, Abajo, and Henry mountain ranges.

Eastern (northern quarter) Utah is a high-elevation area covered mostly by plateaus and basins, particularly the Tavaputs Plateau and San Rafael Swell, which remain mostly inaccessible, and the Uinta Basin, where the majority of eastern Utah’s population lives. Economies are dominated by mining, oil shale, oil, and natural gas-drilling, ranching, and recreation. Much of eastern Utah is part of the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation. The most popular destination within northeastern Utah is Dinosaur National Monument near Vernal.

Southwestern Utah is the lowest and hottest spot in Utah. It is known as Utah’s Dixie because early settlers were able to grow some cotton there. Beaverdam Wash in far southwestern Utah is the lowest point in the state, at 2,000 feet (610 m).[42] The northernmost portion of the Mojave Desert is also located in this area. Dixie is quickly becoming a popular recreational and retirement destination, and the population is growing rapidly. Although the Wasatch Mountains end at Mount Nebo near Nephi, a complex series of mountain ranges extends south from the southern end of the range down the spine of Utah. Just north of Dixie and east of Cedar City is the state’s highest ski resort, Brian Head.

Like most of the western and southwestern states, the federal government owns much of the land in Utah. Over 70 percent of the land is either BLM land, Utah State Trustland, or U.S. National Forest, U.S. National Park, U.S. National Monument, National Recreation Area or U.S. Wilderness Area.[44] Utah is the only state where every county contains some national forest.[45]

Adjacent states

  • Idaho (north)
  • Wyoming (east and north)
  • Colorado (east)
  • Nevada (west)
  • Arizona (south)

Climate

File:Utah Köppen.svg

Köppen climate types of Utah

Utah features a dry, semi-arid to desert climate,[citation needed] although its many mountains feature a large variety of climates, with the highest points in the Uinta Mountains being above the timberline. The dry weather is a result of the state’s location in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada in California. The eastern half of the state lies in the rain shadow of the Wasatch Mountains. The primary source of precipitation for the state is the Pacific Ocean, with the state usually lying in the path of large Pacific storms from October to May. In summer, the state, especially southern and eastern Utah, lies in the path of monsoon moisture from the Gulf of California.

Most of the lowland areas receive less than 12 inches (305 mm) of precipitation annually, although the I-15 corridor, including the densely populated Wasatch Front, receives approximately 15 inches (381 mm). The Great Salt Lake Desert is the driest area of the state, with less than 5 inches (127 mm). Snowfall is common in all but the far southern valleys. Although St. George receives only about 3 inches (76 mm) per year, Salt Lake City sees about 60 inches (1,524 mm), enhanced by the lake-effect snow from the Great Salt Lake, which increases snowfall totals to the south, southeast, and east of the lake.

Some areas of the Wasatch Range in the path of the lake-effect receive up to 500 inches (12,700 mm) per year. This micro climate of enhanced snowfall from the Great Salt Lake spans the entire proximity of the lake. The cottonwood canyons adjacent to Salt Lake City are located in the right position to receive more precipitation from the lake.[46] The consistently deep powder snow led Utah’s ski industry to adopt the slogan «the Greatest Snow on Earth» in the 1980s. In the winter, temperature inversions are a common phenomenon across Utah’s low basins and valleys, leading to thick haze and fog that can last for weeks at a time, especially in the Uintah Basin. Although at other times of year its air quality is good, winter inversions give Salt Lake City some of the worst wintertime pollution in the country.

Previous studies have indicated a widespread decline in snowpack over Utah accompanied by a decline in the snow–precipitation ratio while anecdotal evidence claims have been put forward that measured changes in Utah’s snowpack are spurious and do not reflect actual change. A 2012 study[47] found that the proportion of winter (January–March) precipitation falling as snow has decreased by nine percent during the last half century, a combined result from a significant increase in rainfall and a minor decrease in snowfall. Meanwhile, observed snow depth across Utah has decreased and is accompanied by consistent decreases in snow cover and surface albedo. Weather systems with the potential to produce precipitation in Utah have decreased in number with those producing snowfall decreasing at a considerably greater rate.[48]

File:RoseParkStreets.jpg

Snow in Rose Park, Salt Lake City

Utah’s temperatures are extreme, with cold temperatures in winter due to its elevation, and very hot summers statewide (with the exception of mountain areas and high mountain valleys). Utah is usually protected from major blasts of cold air by mountains lying north and east of the state, although major Arctic blasts can occasionally reach the state. Average January high temperatures range from around 30 °F (−1 °C) in some northern valleys to almost 55 °F (13 °C) in St. George.

Temperatures dropping below 0 °F (−18 °C) should be expected on occasion in most areas of the state most years, although some areas see it often (for example, the town of Randolph averages about fifty days per year with temperatures that low). In July, average highs range from about 85 to 100 °F (29 to 38 °C). However, the low humidity and high elevation typically leads to large temperature variations, leading to cool nights most summer days. The record high temperature in Utah was 118 °F (48 °C), recorded south of St. George on July 4, 2007,[49] and the record low was −69 °F (−56 °C), recorded at Peter Sinks in the Bear River Mountains of northern Utah on February 1, 1985.[50] However, the record low for an inhabited location is −49 °F (−45 °C) at Woodruff on December 12, 1932.[51]

Utah, like most of the western United States, has few days of thunderstorms. On average there are fewer than 40 days of thunderstorm activity during the year, although these storms can be briefly intense when they do occur. They are most likely to occur during monsoon season from about mid-July through mid-September, especially in southern and eastern Utah. Dry lightning strikes and the general dry weather often spark wildfires in summer, while intense thunderstorms can lead to flash flooding, especially in the rugged terrain of southern Utah. Although spring is the wettest season in northern Utah, late summer is the wettest period for much of the south and east of the state. Tornadoes are uncommon in Utah, with an average of two striking the state yearly, rarely higher than EF1 intensity.[52]

One exception of note, however, was the unprecedented F2 Salt Lake City Tornado which moved directly across downtown Salt Lake City on August 11, 1999, killing one person, injuring sixty others, and causing approximately $170 million in damage.[53] The only other reported tornado fatality in Utah’s history was a 7-year-old girl who was killed while camping in Summit County on July 6, 1884. The last tornado of above (E)F0 intensity occurred on September 8, 2002, when an F2 tornado hit Manti. On August 11, 1993, an F3 tornado hit the Uinta Mountains north of Duchesne at an elevation of 10,500 feet (3,200 m), causing some damage to a Boy Scouts campsite. This is the strongest tornado ever recorded in Utah.[citation needed]

Wildlife

See also: List of fauna of Utah

Utah is home to more than 600 vertebrate animals[54] as well as numerous invertebrates and insects.[55]

Mammals

Mammals are found in every area of Utah. Non-predatory larger mammals include the wood bison, elk, moose, mountain goat, mule deer, pronghorn, and multiple types of bighorn sheep. Non-predatory small mammals include muskrat, and nutria. Predatory mammals include the brown and black bear, cougar, Canada lynx, bobcat, fox (gray, red, and kit), coyote, badger, gray wolf, black-footed ferret, mink, stoat, long-tailed weasel, raccoon, and otter.

Birds

Main article: List of birds of Utah

Template:Empty section

Insects

There are many different insects found in Utah. One of the most rare is the Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle, found only in Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, near Kanab.[56] It was proposed in 2012 to be listed as a threatened species,[57] but the proposal was not accepted.[58]

In February 2009, Africanized honeybees were found in southern Utah.[59][60] The bees had spread into eight counties in Utah, as far north as Grand and Emery counties by May 2017.[61]

The white-lined sphinx moth is common to most of the United States, but there have been reported outbreaks of large groups of their larvae damaging tomato, grape and garden crops in Utah.[62]

Vegetation

Main article: List of flora of Utah

File:Mojave2.jpg

Joshua Trees, Yuccas, and cholla cactus occupy the far southwest corner of the state in the Mojave Desert

Several thousand plants are native to Utah.[63]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Utah

File:Utah Sign during RAAM 2015 by D Ramey Logan.jpg

«Welcome to Utah» sign

The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Utah was 3,205,958 on July 1, 2019, an 16.00% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[5] The center of population of Utah is located in Utah County in the city of Lehi.[64] Much of the population lives in cities and towns along the Wasatch Front, a metropolitan region that runs north–south with the Wasatch Mountains rising on the eastern side. Growth outside the Wasatch Front is also increasing. The St. George metropolitan area is currently the second fastest-growing in the country after the Las Vegas metropolitan area, while the Heber micropolitan area is also the second fastest-growing in the country (behind Palm Coast, Florida).[65]

Utah contains five metropolitan areas (Logan, OgdenClearfield, Salt Lake City, ProvoOrem, and St. George), and six micropolitan areas (Brigham City, Heber, Vernal, Price, Richfield, and Cedar City).

Health and fertility

Utah ranks among the highest in total fertility rate, 47th in teenage pregnancy, lowest in percentage of births out of wedlock, lowest in number of abortions per capita, and lowest in percentage of teen pregnancies terminated in abortion. However, statistics relating to pregnancies and abortions may also be artificially low from teenagers going out of state for abortions because of parental notification requirements.[66][67] Utah has the lowest child poverty rate in the country, despite its young demographics.[68] According to the Gallup-Healthways Global Well-Being Index as of 2012, Utahns ranked fourth in overall well-being in the United States.[69] A 2002 national prescription drug study determined that antidepressant drugs were «prescribed in Utah more often than in any other state, at a rate nearly twice the national average».[70] The data shows that depression rates in Utah are no higher than the national average.[71]

Ancestry and race

At the 2010 Census, 86.1% of the population was non-Hispanic White,[72] down from 93.8% in 1990,[73] 1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 1.2% non-Hispanic Native American and Alaska Native, 2% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.9% non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.1% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.8% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). 13.0% of Utah’s population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (of any race).

Historical population
Census Pop.
1850 11,380
1860 40,273 253.9%
1870 86,336 114.4%
1880 143,963 66.7%
1890 210,779 46.4%
1900 276,749 31.3%
1910 373,351 34.9%
1920 449,396 20.4%
1930 507,847 13.0%
1940 550,310 8.4%
1950 688,862 25.2%
1960 890,627 29.3%
1970 1,059,273 18.9%
1980 1,461,037 37.9%
1990 1,722,850 17.9%
2000 2,233,169 29.6%
2010 2,763,885 23.8%
2019 (est.) 3,205,958 16.0%
Source: 1910–2010[74]
2019 estimate[5]
Utah Racial Breakdown of Population

Racial composition 1970[73] 1990[73] 2000[75] 2010[72]
White 97.4% 93.8% 89.2% 86.1%
Asian 0.6% 1.9% 1.7% 2.0%
Native 1.1% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2%
Black 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 1.0%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander
0.7% 0.9%
Other race 0.2% 2.2% 4.2% 6.0%
Two or more races 2.1% 2.7%

File:Utah population map.png

Utah population density map

The largest ancestry groups in the state are:

  • 26.0% English
  • 11.9% German
  • 11.8% Scandinavian (5.4% Danish, 4.0% Swedish, 2.4% Norwegian)
  • 9.0% Mexican
  • 6.6% American
  • 6.2% Irish
  • 4.6% Scottish
  • 2.7% Italian
  • 2.4% Dutch
  • 2.2% French
  • 2.2% Welsh
  • 1.4% Scotch Irish
  • 1.3% Swiss

Most Utahns are of Northern European descent.[76] In 2011 one-third of Utah’s workforce was reported to be bilingual, developed through a program of acquisition of second languages beginning in elementary school, and related to Mormonism’s missionary goals for its young people.[77]

In 2011, 28.6% of Utah’s population younger than the age of one were ethnic minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was of a race other than non-Hispanic white.[78]

Religion

Further information: Demographics of Utah § Religion

Religion in Utah as of 2014[79]
Religion Percent
Latter-day Saints 55%
Unaffiliated 22%
Protestant 13%
Catholic 5%
Other faiths 2%
Buddhist 1%
Muslim 1%

File:Salt Lake LDS Temple.jpg

The LDS Salt Lake Temple, the primary attraction in the city’s Temple Square

File:First Presbyterian.jpg

First Presbyterian Church in Salt Lake City

As of 2017, 62.8% of Utahns are counted as members of the LDS Church.[80][81] This declined to 61.2% in 2018[82] and to 60.7% in 2019.[83] Members of the LDS Church currently make up between 34%–41% of the population within Salt Lake City. However, many of the other major population centers such as Provo, Logan, Tooele, and St. George tend to be predominantly LDS, along with many suburban and rural areas. The LDS Church has the largest number of congregations, numbering 4,815 wards.[84]

Though the LDS Church officially maintains a policy of neutrality in regard to political parties,[85] the church’s doctrine has a strong regional influence on politics.[86] Another doctrine effect can be seen in Utah’s high birth rate (25 percent higher than the national average; the highest for a state in the U.S.).[87] The Mormons in Utah tend to have conservative views when it comes to most political issues and the majority of voter-age Utahns are unaffiliated voters (60%) who vote overwhelmingly Republican.[88] Mitt Romney received 72.8% of the Utahn votes in 2012, while John McCain polled 62.5% in the 2008 United States presidential election and 70.9% for George W. Bush in 2004. In 2010 the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) reported that the three largest denominational groups in Utah are the LDS Church with 1,910,504 adherents; the Catholic Church with 160,125 adherents, and the Southern Baptist Convention with 12,593 adherents.[89] There is a small but growing Jewish presence in the state.[90][91]

According to results from the 2010 United States Census, combined with official LDS Church membership statistics, church members represented 62.1% of Utah’s total population. The Utah county with the lowest percentage of church members was Grand County, at 26.5%, while the county with the highest percentage was Morgan County, at 86.1%. In addition, the result for the most populated county, Salt Lake County, was 51.4%.[11]

According to a Gallup poll, Utah had the third-highest number of people reporting as «Very Religious» in 2015, at 55% (trailing only Mississippi and Alabama). However, it was near the national average of people reporting as «Nonreligious» (31%), and featured the smallest percentage of people reporting as «Moderately Religious» (15%) of any state, being eight points lower than second-lowest state Vermont.[92] In addition, it had the highest average weekly church attendance of any state, at 51%.[93]

Languages

The official language in the state of Utah is English. Utah English is primarily a merger of Northern and Midland American dialects carried west by LDS Church members, whose original New York dialect later incorporated features from southern Ohio and central Illinois. Conspicuous in the speech of some in the central valley, although less frequent now in Salt Lake City, is a reversal of vowels, so that farm and barn sound like form and born and, conversely, form and born sound like farm and barn.[citation needed]

In 2000, 87.5% of all state residents five years of age or older spoke only English at home, a decrease from 92.2% in 1990.

Top 14 Non-English Languages Spoken in Utah

Language Percentage of population
(as of 2010)[94]
Spanish 7.4%
German 0.6%
Navajo 0.5%
French 0.4%
Pacific Island languages including Chamorro, Hawaiian, Ilocano, Tagalog, and Samoan 0.4%
Chinese 0.4%
Portuguese 0.3%
Vietnamese 0.3%
Japanese 0.2%
Arapaho 0.1%

Age and gender

Utah has the highest total birth rate[87] and accordingly, the youngest population of any U.S. state. In 2010, the state’s population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The life expectancy is 79.3 years.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Utah

See also: Utah locations by per capita income

File:City Creek Center — Richards Street south entrance — 12 September 2012.JPG

The Wasatch Front region has seen large growth and development despite the economic downturn. Shown is the City Creek Center project, a development in downtown Salt Lake City with a price tag of $1.5–2.5 billion.

File:IM Flash exterior-11.jpg

One out of every 14 flash memory chips in the world is produced in Lehi, Utah.[95]

File:Zion angels landing view.jpg

Zion National Park in southern Utah is one of five national parks in the state.

File:Utah Horses.jpg

Farms and ranches

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the gross state product of Utah in 2012 was US$130.5 billion, or 0.87% of the total United States GDP of US$14.991 trillion for the same year.[96] The per capita personal income was $45,700 in 2012. Major industries of Utah include: mining, cattle ranching, salt production, and government services.

According to the 2007 State New Economy Index, Utah is ranked the top state in the nation for Economic Dynamism, determined by «the degree to which state economies are knowledge-based, globalized, entrepreneurial, information technology-driven and innovation-based». In 2014, Utah was ranked number one in Forbes‘ list of «Best States For Business».[97] A November 2010 article in Newsweek magazine highlighted Utah and particularly the Salt Lake City area’s economic outlook, calling it «the new economic Zion», and examined how the area has been able to bring in high-paying jobs and attract high-tech corporations to the area during a recession.[98] As of September 2014, the state’s unemployment rate was 3.5%.[99] In terms of «small business friendliness», in 2014 Utah emerged as number one, based on a study drawing upon data from more than 12,000 small business owners.[100]

In eastern Utah petroleum production is a major industry.[101] Near Salt Lake City, petroleum refining is done by a number of oil companies. In central Utah, coal production accounts for much of the mining activity.

According to Internal Revenue Service tax returns, Utahns rank first among all U.S. states in the proportion of income given to charity by the wealthy. This is due to the standard ten percent of all earnings that Mormons give to the LDS Church.[68] According to the Corporation for National and Community Service, Utah had an average of 884,000 volunteers between 2008 and 2010, each of whom contributed 89.2 hours per volunteer. This figure equates to $3.8 billion of service contributed, ranking Utah number one for volunteerism in the nation.[102]

Taxation

Utah collects personal income tax; since 2008 the tax has been a flat five percent for all taxpayers.[103] The state sales tax has a base rate of 6.45 percent,[104] with cities and counties levying additional local sales taxes that vary among the municipalities. Property taxes are assessed and collected locally. Utah does not charge intangible property taxes and does not impose an inheritance tax.

Tourism

Tourism is a major industry in Utah. With five national parks (Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef, and Zion), Utah has the third most national parks of any state after Alaska and California. In addition, Utah features eight national monuments (Cedar Breaks, Dinosaur, Grand Staircase-Escalante, Hovenweep, Natural Bridges, Bears Ears, Rainbow Bridge, and Timpanogos Cave), two national recreation areas (Flaming Gorge and Glen Canyon), seven national forests (Ashley, Caribou-Targhee, Dixie, Fishlake, Manti-La Sal, Sawtooth, and Uinta-Wasatch-Cache), and numerous state parks and monuments.

The Moab area, in the southeastern part of the state, is known for its challenging mountain biking trails, including Slickrock. Moab also hosts the famous Moab Jeep Safari semiannually.

Utah has seen an increase in tourism since the 2002 Winter Olympics. Park City is home to the United States Ski Team. Utah’s ski resorts are primarily located in northern Utah near Salt Lake City, Park City, Ogden, and Provo. Between 2007 and 2011 Deer Valley in Park City, has been ranked the top ski resort in North America in a survey organized by Ski Magazine.[105]

Utah has many significant ski resorts. The 2009 Ski Magazine reader survey concluded that six of the top ten resorts deemed most «accessible», and six of the top ten with the best snow conditions, were located in Utah.[106] In Southern Utah, Brian Head Ski Resort is located in the mountains near Cedar City. Former Olympic venues including Utah Olympic Park and Utah Olympic Oval are still in operation for training and competition and allows the public to participate in numerous activities including ski jumping, bobsleigh, and speed skating.

Utah features many cultural attractions such as Temple Square, the Sundance Film Festival, the Red Rock Film Festival, the DOCUTAH Film Festival, the Utah Data Center, and the Utah Shakespearean Festival. Temple Square is ranked as the 16th most visited tourist attraction in the United States by Forbes magazine, with more than five million annual visitors.[107]

Other attractions include Monument Valley, the Great Salt Lake, the Bonneville Salt Flats, and Lake Powell.

Branding

The state of Utah relies heavily on income from tourists and travelers visiting the state’s parks and ski resorts, and thus the need to «brand» Utah and create an impression of the state throughout the world has led to several state slogans, the most famous of which being «The Greatest Snow on Earth», which has been in use in Utah officially since 1975 (although the slogan was in unofficial use as early as 1962) and now adorns nearly 50 percent of the state’s license plates. In 2001, Utah Governor Mike Leavitt approved a new state slogan, «Utah! Where Ideas Connect», which lasted until March 10, 2006, when the Utah Travel Council and the office of Governor Jon Huntsman announced that «Life Elevated» would be the new state slogan.[108]

Mining

File:BinghamCanyon.jpg

Mining has been a large industry in Utah since it was first settled. The Bingham Canyon Mine in Salt Lake County is one of the largest open pit mines in the world.

Beginning in the late 19th century with the state’s mining boom (including the Bingham Canyon Mine, among the world’s largest open pit mines), companies attracted large numbers of immigrants with job opportunities. Since the days of the Utah Territory mining has played a major role in Utah’s economy. Historical mining towns include Mercur in Tooele County, Silver Reef in Washington County, Eureka in Juab County, Park City in Summit County and numerous coal mining camps throughout Carbon County such as Castle Gate, Spring Canyon, and Hiawatha.[109]

These settlements were characteristic of the boom and bust cycle that dominated mining towns of the American West. Park City, Utah, and Alta, Utah were a boom towns in the early twentieth centuries. Rich silver mines in the mountains adjacent to the towns led to many people flocking to the towns in search of wealth. During the early part of the Cold War era, uranium was mined in eastern Utah. Today mining activity still plays a major role in the state’s economy. Minerals mined in Utah include copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, zinc, lead, and beryllium. Fossil fuels including coal, petroleum, and natural gas continue to play a large role in Utah’s economy, especially in the eastern part of the state in counties such as Carbon, Emery, Grand, and Uintah.[109]

Incidents

In 2007, nine people were killed at the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse.

On March 22, 2013, one miner died and another was injured after they became trapped in a cave-in at a part of the Castle Valley Mining Complex, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the small mining town of Huntington in Emery County.[110]

Energy

Utah Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh)
Year Capacity
(MW)
Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2009 223 160 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 33 47 15 35
2010 223 448 31 17 46 44 50 38 36 56 39 26 26 42
2011 325 576 18 54 59 45 57 70 55 63 23 38 65 32
2012 36 40 97 62 80 93 56 40 34
Sources:[111][112][113]
Utah Grid-Connected PV Capacity (MW)[114][115]
Year Capacity Installed % Growth
2007 0.2
2008 0.2 0
2009 0.6 0.4 200%
2010 2.1 1.4 250%
2011 4.4 2.3 110%

Potential to use renewable energy sources

Utah has the potential to generate 31.6 TWh/year from 13.1 GW of wind power, and 10,290 TWh/year from solar power using 4,048 GW of photovoltaic (PV), including 5.6 GW of rooftop photovoltaic, and 1,638 GW of concentrated solar power.[116]

Transportation

Further information: List of state highways in Utah and Utah Transit Authority

File:SLC airport, 2010.jpg

Salt Lake International Airport is the largest airport in Utah

File:Frontrunner north temple station.jpg

FrontRunner commuter rail serves select cities from Ogden to Provo via Salt Lake City.

File:Green line Trax at Gallivan Plaza.jpg

TRAX light rail serves Salt Lake County

I-15 and I-80 are the main interstate highways in the state, where they intersect and briefly merge near downtown Salt Lake City. I-15 traverses the state north-to-south, entering from Arizona near St. George, paralleling the Wasatch Front, and crossing into Idaho near Portage. I-80 spans northern Utah east-to-west, entering from Nevada at Wendover, crossing the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City, and entering Wyoming near Evanston. I-84 West enters from Idaho near Snowville (from Boise) and merges with I-15 from Tremonton to Ogden, then heads southeast through the Wasatch Mountains before terminating at I-80 near Echo Junction.

I-70 splits from I-15 at Cove Fort in central Utah and heads east through mountains and rugged desert terrain, providing quick access to the many national parks and national monuments of southern Utah, and has been noted for its beauty. The 103 mi (166 km) stretch from Salina to Green River is the country’s longest stretch of interstate without services and, when completed in 1970, was the longest stretch of entirely new highway constructed in the U.S. since the Alaska Highway was completed in 1943.

TRAX, a light rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, consists of three lines. The Blue Line (formerly Salt Lake/Sandy Line) begins in the suburb of Draper and ends in Downtown Salt Lake City. The Red Line (Mid-Jordan/University Line) begins in the Daybreak Community of South Jordan, a southwestern valley suburb, and ends at the University of Utah. The Green Line begins in West Valley City, passes through downtown Salt Lake City, and ends at Salt Lake City International Airport.

The Utah Transit Authority (UTA), which operates TRAX, also operates a bus system that stretches across the Wasatch Front, west into Grantsville, and east into Park City. In addition, UTA provides winter service to the ski resorts east of Salt Lake City, Ogden, and Provo. Several bus companies also provide access to the ski resorts in winter, and local bus companies also serve the cities of Cedar City, Logan, Park City, and St. George. A commuter rail line known as FrontRunner, also operated by UTA, runs between Ogden and Provo via Salt Lake City. Amtrak‘s California Zephyr, with one train in each direction daily, runs east–west through Utah with stops in Green River, Helper, Provo, and Salt Lake City.

Salt Lake City International Airport is the only international airport in the state and serves as one of the hubs for Delta Air Lines. The airport has consistently ranked first in on-time departures and had the fewest cancellations among U.S. airports.[117] The airport has non-stop service to more than a hundred destinations throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico, as well as to Amsterdam, London and Paris. Canyonlands Field (near Moab), Cedar City Regional Airport, Ogden-Hinckley Airport, Provo Municipal Airport, St. George Regional Airport, and Vernal Regional Airport all provide limited commercial air service. A new regional airport at St. George opened on January 12, 2011. SkyWest Airlines is also headquartered in St. George and maintains a hub at Salt Lake City.

Law and government

Further information: Government of Utah, List of Utah Governors, List of Utah State Legislatures, Utah State Senate, and Utah State House of Representatives

File:STS-51-D crew.jpg

Jake Garn (top-right), former Senator of Utah (1974–1993), and astronaut on Space Shuttle flight STS-51-D

Utah government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The current governor of Utah is Gary Herbert,[118] who was sworn in on August 11, 2009. The governor is elected for a four-year term. The Utah State Legislature consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. State senators serve four-year terms and representatives two-year terms. The Utah Legislature meets each year in January for an annual 45-day session.

The Utah Supreme Court is the court of last resort in Utah. It consists of five justices, who are appointed by the governor, and then subject to retention election. The Utah Court of Appeals handles cases from the trial courts.[119] Trial level courts are the district courts and justice courts. All justices and judges, like those on the Utah Supreme Court, are subject to retention election after appointment.

Counties

Main article: List of counties in Utah

Utah is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. Since 1918 there have been 29 counties in the state, ranging from 298 to 7,819 square miles (772 to 20,300 km2).

County name County seat Year founded 2010 U.S. Census Largest County City Percent of total Area % of state
Beaver Beaver 1856 6,162 Beaver 0.22% 2,589 sq mi (6,710 km2) 3.2%
Box Elder Brigham City 1856 49,975 Brigham City 1.81% 5,745 sq mi (14,880 km2) 7.0%
Cache Logan 1856 112,656 Logan 4.08% 1,164 sq mi (3,010 km2) 1.4%
Carbon Price 1894 21,403 Price 0.77% 1,478 sq mi (3,830 km2) 1.8%
Daggett Manila 1918 938 Manila 0.03% 696 sq mi (1,800 km2) 0.8%
Davis Farmington 1852 306,479 Layton 11.09% 298 sq mi (770 km2) 0.4%
Duchesne Duchesne 1915 18,607 Roosevelt 0.67% 3,240 sq mi (8,400 km2) 3.9%
Emery Castle Dale 1880 10,976 Huntington 0.40% 4,462 sq mi (11,560 km2) 5.4%
Garfield Panguitch 1882 4,658 Panguitch 0.17% 5,175 sq mi (13,400 km2) 6.3%
Grand Moab 1890 9,589 Moab 0.35% 3,671 sq mi (9,510 km2) 4.5%
Iron Parowan 1852 46,163 Cedar City 1.67% 3,296 sq mi (8,540 km2) 4.0%
Juab Nephi 1852 10,246 Nephi 0.37% 3,392 sq mi (8,790 km2) 4.1%
Kane Kanab 1864 6,577 Kanab 0.24% 3,990 sq mi (10,300 km2) 4.9%
Millard Fillmore 1852 12,503 Delta 0.45% 6,572 sq mi (17,020 km2) 8.0%
Morgan Morgan 1862 8,669 Morgan 0.31% 609 sq mi (1,580 km2) 0.7%
Piute Junction 1865 1,404 Circleville 0.05% 757 sq mi (1,960 km2) 0.9%
Rich Randolph 1868 2,205 Garden City 0.08% 1,028 sq mi (2,660 km2) 1.3%
Salt Lake Salt Lake City 1852 1,029,655 Salt Lake City, State Capital. 37.25% 742 sq mi (1,920 km2) 0.9%
San Juan Monticello 1880 14,746 Blanding 0.53% 7,819 sq mi (20,250 km2) 9.5%
Sanpete Manti 1852 27,822 Ephraim 1.01% 1,590 sq mi (4,100 km2) 1.9%
Sevier Richfield 1865 20,802 Richfield 0.75% 1,910 sq mi (4,900 km2) 2.3%
Summit Coalville 1854 36,324 Park City 1.31% 1,871 sq mi (4,850 km2) 2.3%
Tooele Tooele 1852 58,218 Tooele 2.11% 6,941 sq mi (17,980 km2) 8.4%
Uintah Vernal 1880 32,588 Vernal 1.18% 4,479 sq mi (11,600 km2) 5.5%
Utah Provo 1852 516,564 Provo, third largest city in UT. 18.69% 2,003 sq mi (5,190 km2) 2.4%
Wasatch Heber 1862 23,530 Heber City 0.85% 1,175 sq mi (3,040 km2) 1.4%
Washington St. George 1852 138,115 St. George 5.00% 2,426 sq mi (6,280 km2) 3.0%
Wayne Loa 1892 2,509 Loa 0.09% 2,460 sq mi (6,400 km2) 3.0%
Weber Ogden 1852 231,236 Ogden 8.37% 576 sq mi (1,490 km2) 0.7%
  • Total Counties: 29
  • Total 2010 population: 2,763,885[120]
  • Total state area: 82,154 sq mi (212,780 km2)

Women’s rights

Further information: Women’s suffrage in Utah

Utah granted full voting rights to women in 1870, 26 years before becoming a state. Among all U.S. states, only Wyoming granted suffrage to women earlier.[121] However, in 1887 the initial Edmunds-Tucker Act was passed by Congress in an effort to curtail Mormon influence in the territorial government. One of the provisions of the Act was the repeal of women’s suffrage; full suffrage was not returned until Utah was admitted to the Union in 1896.

Utah is one of the 15 states that have not ratified the U.S. Equal Rights Amendment.[122]

Free-range parenting

In March 2018, Utah passed America’s first «free-range parenting» bill. The bill was signed into law by Republican Governor Gary Herbert and states that parents who allow their children to engage in certain activities without supervision are not considered neglectful.[123][124]

Constitution

Main article: Constitution of Utah

The constitution of Utah was enacted in 1895. Notably, the constitution outlawed polygamy, as requested by Congress when Utah had applied for statehood, and reestablished the territorial practice of women’s suffrage. Utah’s Constitution has been amended many times since its inception.[125]

Alcohol, tobacco and gambling laws

See also: List of alcohol laws of the United States

Utah’s laws in regard to alcohol, tobacco and gambling are strict. Utah is an alcoholic beverage control state. The Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control regulates the sale of alcohol; wine and spirituous liquors may be purchased only at state liquor stores, and local laws may prohibit the sale of beer and other alcoholic beverages on Sundays. The state bans the sale of fruity alcoholic drinks at grocery stores and convenience stores. The law states that such drinks must now have new state-approved labels on the front of the products that contain capitalized letters in bold type telling consumers the drinks contain alcohol and at what percentage. The Utah Indoor Clean Air Act is a statewide smoking ban that prohibits it in many public places.[126] Utah and Hawaii are the only two states in the United States to outlaw all forms of gambling.

Same-sex marriage

Main article: Same-sex marriage in Utah

Same-sex marriage became legal in Utah on December 20, 2013 when judge Robert J. Shelby of the United States District Court for the District of Utah issued a ruling in Kitchen v. Herbert.[127][128] As of close of business December 26, more than 1,225 marriage licenses were issued, with at least 74 percent, or 905 licenses, issued to gay and lesbian couples.[129] The state Attorney General’s office was granted a stay of the ruling by the United States Supreme Court on January 6, 2014 while the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals considered the case.[130] On Monday October 6, 2014, the Supreme Court of the United States declined a Writ of Certiorari, and the 10th Circuit Court issued their mandate later that day, lifting their stay. Same-sex marriages commenced again in Utah that day.[131]

Politics

Further information: Political party strength in Utah and United States presidential elections in Utah

File:Utah State Capitol Building.JPG

The Utah State Capitol, Salt Lake City

File:Mathesoncourthouse.jpg

The Scott Matheson Courthouse is the seat of the Utah Supreme Court.

In the late 19th century, the federal government took issue with polygamy in the LDS Church. The LDS Church discontinued plural marriage in 1890, and in 1896 Utah gained admission to the Union. Many new people settled the area soon after the Mormon pioneers. Relations have often been strained between the LDS population and the non-LDS population.[132] These tensions have played a large part in Utah’s history (Liberal Party vs. People’s Party).

Utah votes predominantly Republican. Self-identified Latter-day Saints are more likely to vote for the Republican ticket than non-Mormons. Utah is one of the most Republican states in the nation.[133][134] Utah was the single most Republican-leaning state in the country in every presidential election from 1976 to 2004, measured by the percentage point margin between the Republican and Democratic candidates. In 2008 Utah was only the third-most Republican state (after Wyoming and Oklahoma), but in 2012, with Mormon Mitt Romney atop the Republican ticket, Utah returned to its position as the most Republican state. However, the 2016 presidential election result saw Republican Donald Trump carry the state (marking the thirteenth consecutive win by the Republican presidential candidate) with only a plurality, the first time this happened since 1992.

Both Utah’s U.S. Senators, Mitt Romney and Mike Lee, are Republican. Three more Republicans—Rob Bishop, Chris Stewart, and John Curtis—represent Utah in the United States House of Representatives. Ben McAdams, the sole Democratic member of the Utah delegation, represents the 4th congressional district. After Jon Huntsman Jr. resigned to serve as U.S. Ambassador to China, Gary Herbert was sworn in as governor on August 11, 2009. Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010, defeating Democratic nominee Salt Lake County Mayor Peter Corroon with 64% of the vote. He won election to a full four-year term in 2012, defeating the Democrat Peter Cooke with 68% of the vote.

The LDS Church maintains an official policy of neutrality with regard to political parties and candidates.[85]

In the 1970s, then-Apostle Ezra Taft Benson was quoted by the Associated Press that it would be difficult for a faithful Latter-day Saint to be a liberal Democrat.[135] Although the LDS Church has officially repudiated such statements on many occasions, Democratic candidates—including LDS Democrats—believe Republicans capitalize on the perception that the Republican Party is doctrinally superior.[136] Political scientist and pollster Dan Jones explains this disparity by noting that the national Democratic Party is associated with liberal positions on gay marriage and abortion, both of which the LDS Church is against.[137] The Republican Party in heavily Mormon Utah County presents itself as the superior choice for Latter-day Saints. Even though Utah Democratic candidates are predominantly LDS, socially conservative, and pro-life, no Democrat has won in Utah County since 1994.[138]

David Magleby, dean of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Brigham Young University, a lifelong Democrat and a political analyst, asserts that the Republican Party actually has more conservative positions than the LDS Church. Magleby argues that the locally conservative Democrats are in better accord with LDS doctrine.[139] For example, the Republican Party of Utah opposes almost all abortions while Utah Democrats take a more liberal approach, although more conservative than their national counterparts. On Second Amendment issues, the state GOP has been at odds with the LDS Church position opposing concealed firearms in places of worship and in public spaces.

In 1998 the church expressed concern that Utahns perceived the Republican Party as an LDS institution and authorized lifelong Democrat and Seventy Marlin Jensen to promote LDS bipartisanship.[135]

Utah is much more conservative than the United States as a whole, particularly on social issues. Compared to other Republican-dominated states in the Mountain West such as Idaho and Wyoming, Utah politics have a more moralistic and less libertarian character, according to David Magleby.[140]

About 80% of Utah’s Legislature are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,[141] while members account for 61 percent of the population.[142] Since becoming a state in 1896, Utah has had only two non-Mormon governors.[143]

In 2006, the legislature passed legislation aimed at banning joint-custody for a non-biological parent of a child. The custody measure passed the legislature and was vetoed by the governor, a reciprocal benefits supporter.

Carbon County’s Democrats are generally made up of members of the large Greek, Italian, and Southeastern European communities, whose ancestors migrated in the early 20th century to work in the extensive mining industry. The views common amongst this group are heavily influenced by labor politics, particularly of the New Deal Era.[144]

The state’s most Republican areas tend to be Utah County, which is the home to Brigham Young University in the city of Provo, and nearly all the rural counties.[145][146] These areas generally hold socially conservative views in line with that of the national Religious Right. The most Democratic areas of the state lie currently in and around Salt Lake City proper.

The state has not voted for a Democrat for president since 1964. Historically, Republican presidential nominees score one of their best margins of victory here. Utah was the Republicans’ best state in the 1976,[147] 1980,[148] 1984,[149] 1988,[150] 1996,[151] 2000,[152] and 2004[153] elections. In 1992, Utah was the only state in the nation where Democratic candidate Bill Clinton finished behind both Republican candidate George HW Bush and Independent candidate Ross Perot.[154] In 2004, Republican George W. Bush won every county in the state and Utah gave him his largest margin of victory of any state. He won the state’s five electoral votes by a margin of 46 percentage points with 71.5% of the vote. In the 1996 Presidential elections the Republican candidate received a smaller 54% of the vote while the Democrat earned 34%.[155]

Major cities and towns

Main article: List of municipalities in Utah

See also: Utah locations by per capita income

File:Salt Lake City — July 16, 2011.jpg

Salt Lake City

File:LoganUtahCourthouse.jpg

Logan

File:Downtown ogden.jpg

Ogden

File:Park City, Utah (2).jpg

Park City

File:Provo iv.jpg

Provo

File:Sandy, Utah city hall.jpg

Sandy

File:Dtn st george.jpg

St. George

File:Kays Crossing with Train Evening.jpg

Layton

Utah’s population is concentrated in two areas, the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, with over 2.6 million residents; and Washington County, in southwestern Utah, locally known as «Dixie«, with more than 175,000 residents in the metropolitan area.

According to the 2010 Census, Utah was the second fastest-growing state (at 23.8 percent) in the United States between 2000 and 2010 (behind Nevada). St. George, in the southwest, is the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States, trailing Greeley, Colorado.

The three fastest-growing counties from 2000 to 2010 were Wasatch County (54.7%), Washington County (52.9%), and Tooele County (42.9%). However, Utah County added the most people (148,028). Between 2000 and 2010, Saratoga Springs (1,673%), Herriman (1,330%), Eagle Mountain (893%), Cedar Hills (217%), South Willard (168%), Nibley (166%), Syracuse (159%), West Haven (158%), Lehi (149%), Washington (129%), and Stansbury Park (116%) all at least doubled in population. West Jordan (35,376), Lehi (28,379), St. George (23,234), South Jordan (20,981), West Valley City (20,584), and Herriman (20,262) all added at least 20,000 people.[156]

Utah
Rank
City Population
(2017)
within
city limits
Land
area
Population
density
(/mi2)
Population
density
(/km2)
County
1 Salt Lake City 200,544 109.1 sq mi (283 km2) 1,666.1 630 Salt Lake
2 West Valley City 136,170 35.4 sq mi (92 km2) 3,076.3 1,236 Salt Lake
3 Provo 117,335 39.6 sq mi (103 km2) 2,653.2 1,106 Utah County
4 West Jordan 113,905 30.9 sq mi (80 km2) 2,211.3 1,143 Salt Lake
5 Orem 97,839 18.4 sq mi (48 km2) 4,572.6 1,881 Utah County
6 Sandy 96,145 22.3 sq mi (58 km2) 3,960.5 1,551 Salt Lake
7 Ogden 87,031 26.6 sq mi (69 km2) 2,899.2 1,137 Weber
8 St. George 84,405 64.4 sq mi (167 km2) 771.2 385 Washington
9 Layton 76,691 22.0 sq mi (57 km2) 3,486 1,346 Davis
10 South Jordan 70,954 22.05 sq mi (57 km2) 3,016 1,163 Salt Lake
11 Lehi 62,712 26.3 sq mi (68 km2) 2,200 850 Utah
12 Millcreek 60,192 13.7 sq mi (35 km2) 4,500 1,800 Salt Lake
13 Taylorsville 59,992 10.7 sq mi (28 km2) 5,415 2,077 Salt Lake
Combined statistical area Population
(2010)
Salt Lake CityOgdenClearfield
comprises:
Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Areas and
Brigham City and Heber Micropolitan Areas (as listed below)
1,744,886
Utah
Rank
Metropolitan area Population
(2017)
Counties
1 Salt Lake City* 1,203,105 Salt Lake, Tooele, Summit
2 OgdenClearfield* 665,358 Weber, Davis, Morgan
3 ProvoOrem 617,675 Utah
4 St. George 165,662 Washington
5 Logan 138,002 Cache, Franklin (Idaho)
  • Until 2003, the Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan areas were considered as a single metropolitan area.[citation needed]
Utah
Rank
Micropolitan area Population
(2010)
1 Brigham City 49,015
2 Cedar City 44,540
3 Vernal 29,885
4 Heber 21,066
5 Price 19,549
6 Richfield 18,382

Colleges and universities

Main article: List of colleges and universities in Utah

File:Uofu huntsmancancerinstitute.jpg

The Huntsman Cancer Institute on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City

File:ESC Eyring Science Center.jpg

The Eyring Science Center on the campus of Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah

  • Ameritech College of Healthcare in Draper
  • The Art Institute of Salt Lake City in Draper
  • Bridgerland Technical College in Logan
  • Broadview University in Salt Lake City, Layton, Orem, West Jordan
  • Brigham Young University in Provo (satellite campus in Salt Lake City)
  • Certified Career Institute in Salt Lake City and Clearfield
  • Davis Technical College in Kaysville
  • Dixie State University in St. George
  • Eagle Gate College in Murray and Layton
  • George Wythe University in Salt Lake City
  • LDS Business College in Salt Lake City
  • Mountainland Technical College in Lehi
  • Neumont University in South Jordan
  • Ogden–Weber Technical College in Ogden
  • Provo College in Provo
  • Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions in Provo
  • Roseman University in South Jordan, Utah
  • Salt Lake Community College in Taylorsville
  • Snow College in Ephraim and Richfield
  • Southern Utah University (formerly Southern Utah State College) in Cedar City
  • Southwest Technical College in Cedar City
  • Stevens-Henager College at various locations statewide
  • Tooele Technical College in Tooele
  • Uintah Basin Technical College in Roosevelt
  • University of Phoenix at various locations statewide
  • University of Utah in Salt Lake City
  • Utah College of Applied Technology in Lehi
  • Utah State University in Logan (satellite campuses at various state locations)
  • Utah State University Eastern in Price (formerly the College of Eastern Utah until 2010)
  • Utah Valley University (formerly Utah Valley State College) in Orem
  • Weber State University in Ogden
  • Western Governors University an online only university, headquartered in Salt Lake City
  • Westminster College in Salt Lake City

Culture

Sports

See also: List of professional sports teams in Utah

File:Houston Rockets and Utah Jazz.jpg

The Utah Jazz playing against the Houston Rockets

File:Robbie Russell Real Salt Lake.jpg

Robbie Russell playing for Real Salt Lake

Utah is the second-least populous U.S. state to have a major professional sports league franchise, after the Vegas Golden Knights joined the National Hockey League in 2017. The Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association play at Vivint Smart Home Arena[157] in Salt Lake City. The team moved to the city from New Orleans in 1979 and has been one of the most consistently successful teams in the league (although they have yet to win a championship). Salt Lake City was previously host to the Utah Stars, who competed in the ABA from 1970–76 and won one championship, and to the Utah Starzz of the WNBA from 1997 to 2003.

Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer was founded in 2005 and play their home matches at Rio Tinto Stadium in Sandy. RSL remains the only Utah major league sports team to have won a national championship, having won the MLS Cup in 2009.[158] RSL currently operates three adult teams in addition to the MLS side. Real Monarchs, competing in the second-level USL Championship, is the official reserve side for RSL. The team began play in the 2015 season at Rio Tinto Stadium,[159] remaining there until moving to Zions Bank Stadium, located at RSL’s training center in Herriman, for the 2018 season and beyond.[160] Utah Royals FC, which shares ownership with RSL and also plays at Rio Tinto Stadium, has played in the National Women’s Soccer League, the top level of U.S. women’s soccer, since 2018.[161] Before the creation of the Royals, RSL’s main women’s side had been Real Salt Lake Women, which began play in the Women’s Premier Soccer League in 2008 and moved to United Women’s Soccer in 2016. RSL Women currently play at Utah Valley University in Orem.

The Utah Blaze began play in the original version of the Arena Football League in 2006, and remained in the league until it folded in 2009. The Blaze returned to the league at its relaunch in 2010, playing until the team’s demise in 2013. They competed originally at the Maverik Center in West Valley City, and later at Vivint Smart Home Arena when it was known as EnergySolutions Arena.

Utah’s highest level minor league baseball team is the Salt Lake Bees, who play at Smith’s Ballpark in Salt Lake City and are part of the AAA level Pacific Coast League. Utah also has one minor league hockey team, the Utah Grizzlies, who play at the Maverik Center and compete in the ECHL.

Utah has seven universities that compete in Division I of the NCAA. Three of the schools have football programs that participate in the top-level Football Bowl Subdivision: Utah in the Pac-12 Conference, Utah State in the Mountain West Conference, and BYU as an independent (although BYU competes in the non-football West Coast Conference for most other sports). In addition, Weber State and Southern Utah (SUU) compete in the Big Sky Conference of the FCS. Dixie State, with an FCS football program, and Utah Valley, with no football program, are members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). Dixie State began a four-year transition to Division I in 2020. Since the WAC has been a non-football conference since 2013, Dixie State football plays as an FCS independent.

Salt Lake City hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. After early financial struggles and scandal, the 2002 Olympics eventually became among the most successful Winter Olympics in history from a marketing and financial standpoint.[citation needed] Watched by more than two billion viewers, the Games ended up with a profit of $100 million.[162]

Utah has hosted professional golf tournaments such as the Uniting Fore Care Classic and currently the Utah Championship.

Rugby has been growing quickly in the state of Utah, growing from 17 teams in 2009 to 70 as of 2013 with more than 3,000 players, and more than 55 high school varsity teams.[163][164] The growth has been inspired in part by the 2008 movie Forever Strong.[164] Utah fields two of the most competitive teams in the nation in college rugby—BYU and Utah.[163] BYU has won the National Championship in 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. Formed in 2017, Utah Warriors is a Major League Rugby team based in Salt Lake City.[165]

Entertainment

Utah is the setting of or the filming location for many books, films,[166] television series,[166] music videos, and video games.

Utah’s capitol Salt Lake City is the final location in the video game The Last of Us.[167]

Monument Valley in southeastern Utah. This area was used to film many Hollywood Westerns.

The otherworldly look of the Bonneville Salt Flats has been used in many movies and commercials.

See also

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  • Outline of Utah
  • Index of Utah-related articles

References

Template:UtahStateParks

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Further reading

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  • Peterson, Charles S. and Brian Q. Cannon. The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. ISBN: 978-1-60781-421-4

External links

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General

  • Utah at Curlie

Government

  • «State of Utah» (official Web site).
  • «Energy Data & Statistics for Utah». US: DoE. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

Military

  • «National Guard». UT: Army. Archived from the original on June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  • «Air National Guard». UT: Air Force. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «Hill Air Force Base». UT: Air Force. Retrieved May 4, 2017.

Maps and demographics

  • «Southwest Collection». TX: Texas Tech. 1875.
  • «Utah State Facts». USDA. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Utah». USGS. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  • «QuickFacts». The US: Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015..
  • File:Openstreetmap logo.svg Geographic data related to Utah at OpenStreetMap

Tourism and recreation

  • Utah Office of Tourism Official Website
  • Office of Tourism (requires Adobe Flash)
  • Utah State Parks
  • Utah Traffic and Road Conditions

Other

  • Utah State Chamber of Commerce
Preceded by
Wyoming
List of U.S. states by date of statehood
Admitted on January 4, 1896 (45th)
Succeeded by
Oklahoma

Юта – штат, располагающийся в районе Скалистых гор. Столицей и крупнейшим городом является Солт-Лейк-Сити. Путешественники считают это место очень живописным и красивым. Они абсолютно правы, так как Юта может похвастать удивительной природой и потрясающими достопримечательностями. Каждый год количество туристов, стремящихся в это место, возрастает. Наименование штата переводится как люди гор. Туристы приезжают сюда, чтобы насладиться замечательными видами и подышать чистым горным воздухом.

Основным городом штата является, без сомнения, Солт-Лейк-Сити. Свой статус город получил благодаря проведению здесь Олимпиады в 2002 году. Это не только столица, но и промышленный и культурный центр штата. Здесь расположено самое большое частное учебное заведение США – Университет штата Юты. Сооружения столицы довольно необычны. Кроме того, Солт-Лейк-Сити славится великолепной природой. Это связано с тем, что город располагается недалеко от знаменитого Солёного озера, которое является главным поводом для гордости Юты.

Помимо столицы, можно выделить два города: Прово и Огден. Прово является местом, где сильно развита сталелитейная промышленность. Здесь очень красивая горная местность, недалеко расположено живописное озеро Юта. Огден же может похвастать пищевой промышленностью и наличием железнодорожной станции.

Как уже было отмечено, главная достопримечательность штата Юта – Солёное озеро. Это объект входит в список ЮНЕСКО. В центре столицы располагается уникальный храм Солт-Лейт-Темпл. Это сооружение является предметом гордости для местных жителей, также он имеет мировое значение. Любопытно будет посетить Музей церковной истории, где можно стать свидетелем уникальных документов и великолепных произведений искусства.

Юта считается самым религиозным штатом страны. На данный момент около 60% населения являются мормонами.

Юта славится своими национальными парками, которые разбросаны по разным городам. Крупнейший из них располагается в городе Спрингдейл. Национальный парк Зион подарит  туристам массу ярких впечатлений. Помимо этого, Спрингдейд знаменит потрясающими водопадами, великолепными лесами и захватывающими дух горами.

В городе Огден родился знаменитый на весь мир изобретатель стрелкового оружия Джон Браунинг. Вместе с братом он открыл производство оружия, которое сильно помогло США  во время нескольких войн. Помимо этого, штат знаменит производством пианино, которое считают лучшим в мире.

Интересен этот штат и тем, что здесь в данный момент разрешены полигамные браки. Законно можно взять только одну жену, а остальные будут считаться любовницами перед лицом Фемиды. Изначально, именно допустимость таких браков не давала штату Юта примкнуть к США. Полигамные браки были отменены, однако, в свете последних нововведений, эту традицию могут возобновить.

Штате Юта на карте США

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Эта статья о штате США. Чтобы узнать о других значениях, см. Юта (значения) .

Координаты : 39° с.ш., 111° з.д.
39° с.ш. 111° з.д. / 

Юта

Состояние

штат Юта

Флаг Юты

Флаг

Официальная печать штата Юта

Тюлень

Псевдоним (ы) : 

«Штат Улей» (официальный), «Штат мормонов», «Дезерет»

Девиз : 

Промышленность

Гимн: « Юта … Это место »
Карта Соединенных Штатов с выделенной Ютой

Карта Соединенных Штатов с выделенной Ютой

Страна Соединенные Штаты
До государственности Территория Юты
Принят в Союз 4 января 1896 г. (45-е)
Столица
( и крупнейший город )
Солт-Лейк-Сити
Крупнейшие метро и городские районы Солт-Лейк-Сити
Правительство
 •  Губернатор Спенсер Кокс ( справа )
 •  вице-губернатор Дейдре Хендерсон (справа)
законодательный орган Законодательное собрание штата
 •  Верхняя палата Сенат штата
 •  Нижняя палата палата представителей
Судебная власть Верховный суд штата Юта
сенаторы США Майк Ли (справа)
Митт Ромни (справа)
Делегация Палаты представителей США 1 : Блейк Мур (справа)
2 : Крис Стюарт (справа)
3 : Джон Кертис (справа)
4 : Берджесс Оуэнс (справа) ( список )
Область
 • Общий 84 899 квадратных миль (219 887 км 2 )
 • Земля 82 144 квадратных миль (212 761 км 2 )
 • Вода 2755 квадратных миль (7136 км 2 ) 3,25%
 • Классифицировать 13-й
Размеры
 • Длина 350 миль (560 км)
 • Ширина 270 миль (435 км)
Высота 6100 футов (1860 м)
Самая высокая высота

( Кингз Пик )

13 534 футов (4120,3 м)
Самая низкая высота

( Мытье бобровой плотины на границе с Аризоной )

2180 футов (664,4 м)
Население

 (2020)

 • Общий 3 271 616
 • Классифицировать 30-й
 • Плотность 36,53/кв. миль (14,12/км 2 )
  • Классифицировать 41-й
 •  Средний доход домохозяйства 60 365 долларов США
 • Уровень дохода 11-й
Демоним Юта или Ютахан
Язык
 •  Официальный язык Английский
Часовой пояс UTC−07:00 ( гора )
 • Лето ( летнее время ) UTC−06:00 ( MDT )
Аббревиатура USPS

UT

Код ISO 3166 США-UT
Традиционная аббревиатура Ут.
Широта от 37° до 42° северной широты
Долгота от 109°3′ з.д. до 114°3′ з.д.
Веб-сайт Юта .gov
Государственные символы Юты

Список государственных символов
Флаг Юты.svg

Флаг Юты

Печать Юты.svg

Печать Юты

Живой знак отличия
Птица Калифорнийская чайка
Рыба Бонневильская головорезная форель
Цветок сего лилия
Трава Индийская рисовая трава
Млекопитающее Скалистый горный лось
Рептилия ядозуб монстр
Дерево Осина
Неодушевленные знаки отличия
танец кадриль
Динозавр Ютараптор
Огнестрельное оружие Браунинг М1911
Ископаемое Аллозавр
Драгоценный камень Топаз
Минеральная Медь
Камень Уголь
Тартан Тартан столетия штата Юта
Указатель государственного маршрута
Маркер маршрута
Государственный квартал
Четвертьдолларовая монета штата Юта

Выпущен в 2007 г.

Списки государственных символов США

Юта ( YOO -tah , YOO — taw ) является не имеющим выхода к морю штат в субрегионе Маунтин-Уэст на западе Соединенных Штатов . Граничит на востоке с Колорадо , на северо-востоке с Вайомингом , на севере с Айдахо , на юге с Аризоной и на западе с Невадой . Юта также касается уголка Нью -Мексико на юго-востоке. Из пятидесяти штатов США Юта занимает 13-е место по площади ; с населением более трех миллионов человек, он занимает 30-е место по численности населения и 11-е место по наименьшей плотности населения . Городское развитие в основном сосредоточено в двух областях: Уосатч-Фронт в северо-центральной части штата, где проживает примерно две трети населения и включает столицу Солт-Лейк-Сити ; и округ Вашингтон на юго-западе с населением более 180 000 человек. Большая часть западной половины штата Юта находится в Большом бассейне .

Юта была заселена на протяжении тысячелетий различными группами коренных народов , такими как древние пуэблоанцы , навахо и юты. Испанцы были первыми европейцами, прибывшими в середине 16 века, хотя сложная география и суровый климат региона сделали его периферийной частью Новой Испании , а затем Мексики. Даже когда это была мексиканская территория, многие из первых поселенцев Юты были американцами, особенно мормоны, спасавшиеся от маргинализации и преследований со стороны Соединенных Штатов. После мексиканско-американской войны в 1848 году этот регион был аннексирован США и стал частью территории Юта , в которую входили нынешние Колорадо и Невада. Споры между доминирующей общиной мормонов и федеральным правительством задержали признание Юты штатом; только после объявления многоженства вне закона оно было признано в 1896 г. 45-м .

Жители Юты известны как Юты. Чуть более половины всех жителей Юты являются мормонами , подавляющее большинство из которых являются членами Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней (Церковь СПД), всемирная штаб-квартира которой находится в Солт-Лейк-Сити; Юта — единственный штат, где большинство населения принадлежит к одной церкви. Церковь СПД сильно влияет на культуру, политику и повседневную жизнь Юты, хотя с 1990-х годов штат стал более разнообразным в религиозном отношении, а также светским.

Юта имеет очень диверсифицированную экономику с основными секторами, включая транспорт, образование, информационные технологии и исследования, государственные услуги, горнодобывающую промышленность и туризм. Юта была одним из самых быстрорастущих штатов с 2000 года: перепись населения США 2020 года подтвердила самый быстрый рост населения в стране с 2010 года. Сент-Джордж был самым быстрорастущим мегаполисом в Соединенных Штатах с 2000 по 2005 год. Юта входит в число в целом лучшие штаты по таким показателям, как здравоохранение, управление, образование и инфраструктура. У него 14-е место по среднему среднему доходу и наименьшее неравенство доходов среди всех штатов США. Со временем и под влиянием изменения климата засухи в Юте стали более частыми и сильными, что еще больше усугубило проблему водной безопасности Юты и повлияло на экономику штата.

Этимология

Говорят, что название Юта происходит от названия племени Юте , что означает «люди гор». Однако на самом деле такого слова в языке ютов не существует, и юты называют себя нучи . Значение утеса как «горного народа» приписывается соседним индейцам пуэбло , а также апачскому слову юттахих , что означает «тот, кто выше» или «те, кто выше». По- испански это произносится Юта ; впоследствии англоязычные люди, возможно, адаптировали это слово как Юта .

История

доколумбовый

Карта, показывающая Юту в 1838 году, когда она была частью Мексики, Британика , 7-е издание .

За тысячи лет до прибытия европейских исследователей предки пуэблоанцев и фремонтов жили на территории, которая сейчас известна как Юта, некоторые из которых говорили на языках уто -ацтекской группы. Исконные народы пуэбло построили свои дома путем раскопок в горах, а люди Фремонта построили дома из соломы, прежде чем исчезнуть из региона примерно в 15 веке.

Другая группа коренных американцев, навахо , поселилась в этом регионе примерно в 18 веке. В середине 18 века в этом регионе поселились и другие уто-ацтекские племена, в том числе гошуте , пайюты , шошоны и юте. Эти пять групп присутствовали, когда прибыли первые европейские исследователи.

Испанские исследования (1540 г.)

Южный регион Юты был исследован испанцами в 1540 году во главе с Франсиско Васкесом де Коронадо в поисках легендарной Сиболы . Группа во главе с двумя католическими священниками, которую иногда называют экспедицией Домингеса-Эскаланте , покинула Санта-Фе в 1776 году в надежде найти путь к побережью Калифорнии. Экспедиция отправилась на север до озера Юта и встретила местных жителей. Испанцы продолжили исследования в этом регионе, но не были заинтересованы в колонизации этого района из-за его пустынной природы. В 1821 году, когда Мексика добилась независимости от Испании, регион стал известен как часть ее территории Альта-Калифорния .

Европейские звероловы и торговцы мехом исследовали некоторые районы Юты в начале 19 века из Канады и США. Город Прово, штат Юта , был назван в честь Этьена Прово , который посетил этот район в 1825 году. Город Огден, штат Юта , был назван в честь Питера Скина Огдена , канадского исследователя, который торговал мехами в долине Вебер.

В конце 1824 года Джим Бриджер стал первым известным англоговорящим человеком, увидевшим Большое Соленое озеро . Из-за высокой солености его вод он думал, что нашел Тихий океан; впоследствии он узнал, что этот водоем был гигантским соленым озером . После открытия озера сотни американских и канадских торговцев и звероловов открыли в регионе торговые посты. В 1830-х годах тысячи мигрантов, путешествующих с востока Соединенных Штатов на американский Запад, начали делать остановки в районе Большого Соленого озера, известного тогда как озеро Юта.

Поселение Святых последних дней (1847 г.)

После смерти Джозефа Смита в 1844 году Бригам Янг в качестве президента Кворума Двенадцати Апостолов стал руководителем Церкви СПД в Наву, штат Иллинойс . Чтобы решить растущие конфликты между своим народом и их соседями, Янг договорился с губернатором Иллинойса Томасом Фордом в октябре 1845 года, что мормоны уедут к следующему году.

Янг и первая группа пионеров-мормонов достигли Долины Соленого озера 24 июля 1847 года. В течение следующих 22 лет более 70 000 пионеров пересекли равнины и обосновались в Юте. Первые несколько лет Бригам Янг и тысячи первых поселенцев Солт-Лейк-Сити боролись за выживание. Засушливые пустынные земли считались мормонами желанным местом, где они могли исповедовать свою религию без притеснений.

Поселенцы похоронили тридцать шесть коренных американцев в одной могиле после вспышки кори зимой 1847 года.

Первая группа поселенцев привезла с собой африканских рабов, что сделало Юту единственным местом на западе Соединенных Штатов, где было африканское рабство. Три раба, Грин Флейк, Харк Лей и Оскар Кросби, прибыли на запад с первой группой поселенцев в 1847 году. Поселенцы также начали покупать индийских рабов в рамках хорошо зарекомендовавшей себя индийской работорговли, а также порабощать индийских военнопленных.

Юта была мексиканской территорией, когда в 1847 году прибыли первые пионеры. В начале мексиканско-американской войны в конце 1846 года Соединенные Штаты взяли под свой контроль Нью-Мексико и Калифорнию. Весь юго-запад стал территорией США после подписания Договора Гваделупе-Идальго 2 февраля 1848 года. Договор был ратифицирован Сенатом США 11 марта. Узнав, что Калифорния и Нью-Мексико подают заявку на статус штата, поселенцы Юты область (первоначально планировавшая подать прошение о территориальном статусе) подала заявку на статус штата с амбициозным планом создания штата Дезерет .

Поселения мормонов стали пионерами для других поселений на Западе. Солт-Лейк-Сити стал центром «обширного содружества» мормонских поселений. Когда новообращенные в церковь приходили с Востока и со всего мира, церковные руководители часто назначали группы членов церкви в качестве миссионеров для создания других поселений на Западе. Они разработали ирригацию для поддержки довольно большого населения пионеров вдоль фронта Уосатч в Юте (Солт-Лейк-Сити, Баунтифул и Долина Вебер, а также Долина Прово и Юта). На протяжении оставшейся части XIX века мормонские пионеры основали сотни других поселений в Юте, Айдахо , Неваде , Аризоне , Вайоминге , Калифорнии , Канаде и Мексике , в том числе в Лас-Вегасе, штат Невада ; Франклин, Айдахо (первое европейское поселение в Айдахо); Сан-Бернардино, Калифорния ; Меса, Аризона ; Стар-Вэлли, Вайоминг ; и Карсон-Вэлли, Невада .

Известные поселения в Юте включали Сент-Джордж , Логан и Манти (где поселенцы завершили первые три храма Церкви СПД в Юте, каждый из которых был начат после, но завершен за много лет до того, как в 1893 году был завершен более крупный и более известный храм, построенный в Солт-Лейк-Сити). , а также Парован, Сидар-Сити, Блафф, Моаб, Вернал, Филлмор (служивший столицей территории между 1850 и 1856 годами), Нефий, Леван, Спэниш-Форк, Спрингвилль, Прово-Бенч (ныне Орем), Плезант-Гроув, Американ — Форк , Лехи, Сэнди, Мюррей, Джордан, Сентервилль, Фармингтон, Хантсвилл, Кейсвилл, Грантсвилл, Туэле, Рой, Бригам-Сити и многие другие небольшие города и поселения. У Янга был экспансионистский взгляд на территорию, которую он и пионеры-мормоны заселяли, называя ее Дезерет, что, согласно Книге Мормона, было древним словом, означающим «медоносная пчела». Это символизирует улей на флаге Юты и девиз штата «Промышленность».

Территория Юта (1850–1896)

Эскиз Солт-Лейк-Сити в 1860 году.

Территория Юты была намного меньше, чем предполагаемый штат Дезерет, но она по-прежнему включала все нынешние штаты Невада и Юта, а также части современных Вайоминга и Колорадо . Он был создан с Компромиссом 1850 года , и Филлмор , названный в честь президента Милларда Филлмора , был назначен столицей. Территория получила название Юта в честь племени коренных американцев Юте. Солт-Лейк-Сити заменил Филлмор в качестве территориальной столицы в 1856 году.

К 1850 году на территории проживало около 100 чернокожих, большинство из которых были рабами. В округе Солт-Лейк-Сити насчитали 26 рабов. В 1852 году законодательный орган территории принял Закон о службе и Закон об оказании помощи индийским рабам и заключенным, официально легализовавшие рабство на территории. Рабство было отменено на территории во время Гражданской войны.

В 1850 году Солт-Лейк-Сити выслал отряд, известный как Легион Наву , и вступил в бой с тимпаногос в битве при форте Юта .

Споры между жителями-мормонами и правительством США обострились из-за практики многоженства , или полигамии , среди членов Церкви СПД. Мормоны все еще настаивали на создании штата Дезерет с новыми границами территории Юта. Большинство, если не все, членов правительства США выступали против полигамии мормонов.

Когда распространились новости об их полигамии, членов Церкви СПД считали антиамериканскими и мятежными. В 1857 году особенно гнусные обвинения в отречении от правительства и общей аморальности были выдвинуты, в частности, бывшим помощником судьи Уильямом У. Драммондом. Подробные отчеты о жизни в Юте побудили администрацию Джеймса Бьюкенена направить в Юту секретную военную «экспедицию». Когда предполагаемое восстание должно быть подавлено, Альфред Камминг займет место Бригама Янга на посту территориального губернатора. Возникший в результате конфликт известен как война в Юте , которую лидеры мормонов прозвали «грубой ошибкой Бьюкенена».

В сентябре 1857 года около 120 американских поселенцев из фургона Бейкер-Фанчер, следовавшего в Калифорнию из Арканзаса, были убиты территориальной милицией Юты и некоторыми коренными американцами пайуте в резне на Маунтин-Мидоуз .

Прежде чем войска во главе с Альбертом Сидни Джонстоном вошли на территорию, Бригам Янг приказал всем жителям Солт-Лейк-Сити эвакуироваться на юг, в долину Юта , и отправил Легион Наву, чтобы задержать продвижение правительства. Хотя фургоны и припасы были сожжены, в конце концов в 1858 году прибыли войска, и Янг передал официальный контроль Каммингу, хотя большинство последующих комментаторов утверждают, что Янг ​​сохранил истинную власть на территории. Постоянный поток губернаторов, назначаемых президентом, уходил с должности, часто ссылаясь на традиции своего предполагаемого территориального управления. По договоренности с Янгом Джонстон основал Кэмп Флойд в 40 милях (60 км) от Солт-Лейк-Сити, к юго-западу.

Солт-Лейк-Сити был последним звеном Первого трансконтинентального телеграфа , построенного в октябре 1861 года. Бригам Янг был одним из первых, кто отправил сообщение вместе с Авраамом Линкольном и другими официальными лицами.

Из-за Гражданской войны в США федеральные войска были выведены с территории Юты в 1861 году. Это было благом для местной экономики, поскольку армия продавала все в лагере за копейки на доллар, прежде чем отправиться обратно на восток, чтобы присоединиться к войне. Затем территория оставалась в руках СПД, пока в 1862 году не прибыл Патрик Э. Коннор с полком калифорнийских добровольцев. немормонов на территорию. В округе Туэле были обнаружены полезные ископаемые , и горняки начали стекаться на территорию.

Начавшаяся в 1865 году война с Черным ястребом в Юте превратилась в самый смертоносный конфликт в истории территории. Вождь Антонга Блэк Хок умер в 1870 году, но бои продолжали вспыхивать, пока не были отправлены дополнительные федеральные войска для подавления Танца призраков 1872 года. Эта война уникальна среди индейских войн , потому что это был трехсторонний конфликт, во главе которого стоял Тимпаногос Утес . Антонга Блэк Хок борется с федеральными властями и властями СПД.

10 мая 1869 года на вершине Промонтори , к северу от Большого Соленого озера, была построена первая трансконтинентальная железная дорога . Железная дорога привозила на территорию все больше людей, и несколько влиятельных бизнесменов нажили там состояния.

В 1870-х и 1880-х годах были приняты законы, наказывающие многоженцев, отчасти из-за историй из Юты. В частности, Энн Элиза Янг — десятая жена, разведенная с Бригамом Янгом, защитником женщин, национальным лектором и автором книги « Жена №  19 или Моя жизнь в рабстве» , а также мистер и миссис Фанни Стенхаус, авторы книги « Святые Скалистые горы» (TBH Stenhouse, 1873 г.) ) и «Расскажи все: моя жизнь в мормонизме» (Фанни Стенхаус, 1875 г.). И Энн Элиза, и Фанни свидетельствуют о том, что самые ранние члены Церкви были счастливы до полигамии. Они независимо опубликовали свои книги в 1875 году. Этим книгам и лекциям Энн Элизы Янг приписывают принятие Конгрессом Соединенных Штатов законов против полигамии газетами по всей территории Соединенных Штатов, как записано в брошюре «Защитница Энн Элизы Янг». в котором подробно описаны путешествия г-жи Янг и теплый прием на протяжении всего ее лекционного тура.

ТБХ Стенхаус, бывший мормонский многоженец из Юты, мормонский миссионер в течение тринадцати лет и владелец газеты в Солт-Лейк-Сити, в конце концов покинул Юту и написал « Святых Скалистых гор» . В его книге рассказывается о жизни в Юте, как о хорошем, так и о плохом. В конце концов он покинул Юту и мормонизм после того, как произошел финансовый крах, когда Бригам Янг отправил Стенхауса переехать в Огден, штат Юта, по словам Стенхауса, чтобы взять на себя его процветающую промормонскую газету Salt Lake Telegraph . В дополнение к этим свидетельствам, в 1877 году также вышли « Исповедь Джона Д. Ли» , написанные Джоном Д. Ли — якобы «козлом отпущения» резни на горных лугах . Подтверждающие свидетельства, исходящие из Юты от мормонов и бывших мормонов повлияли на Конгресс и народ Соединенных Штатов.

В Манифесте 1890 года Церковь СПД запретила полигамию. Когда Юта снова подала заявку на статус штата, она была принята. Одним из условий предоставления штату Юта было внесение запрета на полигамию в конституцию штата. Это было условием, которое требовалось от других западных штатов, которые позже были приняты в Союз. Государственность была официально предоставлена ​​4 января 1896 года.

20 век, чтобы представить

Дети читают в Санта-Кларе, штат Юта, 1940 год.

Начиная с начала 20 века, с созданием таких национальных парков, как Национальный парк Брайс-Каньон и Национальный парк Зайон , Юта стала известна своей природной красотой. Южная Юта стала популярным местом для съемок засушливых и суровых сцен, представленных в популярном жанре вестернов середины века. По таким фильмам большинство жителей США узнают такие природные достопримечательности, как Изящная арка и «Варежки» Долины монументов . В 1950-х, 1960-х и 1970-х годах со строительством системы автомагистралей между штатами доступ к южным живописным районам стал проще.

С момента основания горнолыжного курорта Альта в 1939 году и последующего развития нескольких горнолыжных курортов в горах штата катание на лыжах в Юте стало всемирно известным. Сухой рыхлый снег хребта Уосатч считается одним из лучших мест для катания на лыжах в мире (на государственном номерном знаке когда-то было написано «Самый большой снег на Земле»). Солт-Лейк-Сити выиграл заявку на проведение зимних Олимпийских игр 2002 года , и это послужило большим стимулом для экономики. Популярность горнолыжных курортов возросла, и многие олимпийские объекты, построенные вдоль Уосатч-Фронт , продолжают использоваться для проведения спортивных мероприятий. Подготовка к Олимпийским играм стимулировала развитие системы легкорельсового транспорта в Долине Соленого озера , известной как TRAX , и реконструкцию системы автострад вокруг города.

В 1957 году в штате Юта была создана Комиссия по паркам штата Юта с четырьмя парками. Сегодня Государственные парки штата Юта управляют 43 парками и несколькими неосвоенными территориями общей площадью более 95 000 акров (380 км 2 ) земли и более 1 000 000 акров (4 000 км 2 ) воды. Государственные парки Юты разбросаны по всей Юте, от государственного парка Беар-Лейк на границе Юты и Айдахо до музея государственного парка Эдж-оф-Сидарс в глубине региона Четыре угла и повсюду между ними. Государственные парки штата Юта также являются домом для управления внедорожных транспортных средств штата , управления лодок штата и программы трасс.

В конце 20 века государство быстро росло. В 1970-х годах рост в пригородах Уосатч-Фронт был феноменальным. В то время Сэнди был одним из самых быстрорастущих городов страны. Сегодня во многих районах штата Юта продолжается бурный рост. Северный Дэвис , южные и западные округа Солт-Лейк-Сити , Саммит , восточные округа Туэле , Юта , Уосатч и Вашингтон растут очень быстро. Управление транспортом и урбанизация являются основными политическими проблемами, поскольку развитие требует сельскохозяйственных земель и дикой природы, а транспорт является основной причиной плохого качества воздуха в Юте .

8 марта 2020 года в штате Юта произошло землетрясение магнитудой 5,7, произошедшее в 6,0 км к северо-востоку от Магны, недалеко от Солт-Лейк-Сити.

География и геология

Юта известна своим природным разнообразием: от засушливых пустынь с песчаными дюнами до цветущих сосновых лесов в горных долинах. Это бурный и географически разнообразный штат на стыке трех различных геологических регионов: Скалистых гор , Большого бассейна и плато Колорадо .

Юта занимает площадь 84 899 квадратных миль (219 890 км 2 ). Это один из штатов Четырех углов , граничащий с Айдахо на севере, Вайомингом на севере и востоке, Колорадо на востоке, в одной точке с Нью-Мексико на юго-востоке, Аризоной на юге и Невадой. на Западе. Только три штата США (Юта, Колорадо и Вайоминг) имеют в качестве границ исключительно линии широты и долготы.

Одной из определяющих характеристик Юты является разнообразие рельефа . Посередине северной трети штата проходит хребет Уосатч , который поднимается на высоту почти 12 000 футов (3700 м) над уровнем моря. Юта является домом для всемирно известных горнолыжных курортов , ставших популярными благодаря легкому пушистому снегу и зимним штормам, которые за ночь регулярно сбрасывают до трех футов снега. В северо-восточной части штата, с востока на запад, находятся горы Уинта , высота которых достигает более 13 000 футов (4 000 м). Самая высокая точка штата, Кингс-Пик , на высоте 13 528 футов (4 123 м), находится в горах Уинта.

У западного основания хребта Уосатч находится Фронт Уосатч , ряд долин и бассейнов, в которых проживают самые густонаселенные части штата. Он простирается примерно от Бригам-Сити в северной части до Нефия в южной части. Примерно 75 процентов населения штата проживает в этом коридоре, и рост населения происходит быстро.

Западная Юта представляет собой в основном засушливую пустыню с топографией бассейна и хребта . Небольшие горные хребты и пересеченная местность подчеркивают пейзаж. Соляные равнины Бонневиль являются исключением, поскольку они сравнительно плоские в результате того, что когда-то формировали русло древнего озера Бонневиль . Большое Соленое озеро, озеро Юта , озеро Севьер и озеро Раш — все это остатки этого древнего пресноводного озера, которое когда-то покрывало большую часть восточной части Большого бассейна. К западу от Большого Соленого озера , простираясь до границы с Невадой, лежит засушливая пустыня Большого Соленого озера . Единственным исключением из этой засушливости является Долина Змеи , которая (относительно) пышная из-за больших источников и водно-болотных угодий, питаемых грунтовыми водами , полученными в результате таяния снега в Змеином хребте , хребте Дип-Крик и других высоких горах к западу от Снейк-Вэлли. Национальный парк Грейт-Бейсин находится сразу за границей штата Невада в южной части Змеиного хребта. Одной из самых впечатляющих, но наименее посещаемых достопримечательностей западной части штата Юта является пик Нотч , самая высокая известняковая скала в Северной Америке, расположенная к западу от Дельты .

Большая часть живописного южного и юго-восточного ландшафта (в частности, район плато Колорадо ) состоит из песчаника , в частности песчаника Кайента и песчаника Навахо . Река Колорадо и ее притоки извиваются сквозь песчаник, создавая один из самых ярких и диких ландшафтов в мире (область вокруг слияния рек Колорадо и Грин-Ривер была нанесена на карту последней в 48 нижних штатах США). Ветер и дождь также формировали мягкий песчаник на протяжении миллионов лет. Каньоны, овраги, арки, вершины, холмы, обрывы и столовые горы — обычные достопримечательности юго-центральной и юго-восточной части Юты.

Эта местность является центральной особенностью охраняемых государственных и федеральных парков, таких как национальные парки Арчес , Брайс-Каньон , Каньонлендс , Кэпитол-Риф и Зайон , национальные парки Сидар-Брейкс , Гранд-Стэркейс-Эскаланте , Ховенвип и Природные мосты , Национальная зона отдыха Глен-Каньон. (место популярного туристического направления, озеро Пауэлл ), государственные парки Dead Horse Point и Goblin Valley , а также Долина монументов . Нация навахо также простирается до юго-востока Юты. Юго-восточная часть Юты также отмечена отдаленными, но высокими горными хребтами
Ла Саль , Абахо и Генри .

Восточная (северная четверть) Юта представляет собой высокогорный район, покрытый в основном плато и бассейнами, особенно плато Тавапутс и выступом Сан-Рафаэль , которые остаются в основном недоступными, и бассейном Уинта , где проживает большая часть населения восточной Юты. В экономике преобладают горнодобывающая промышленность, горючие сланцы , нефть и природный газ, бурение , скотоводство и отдых . Большая часть восточной части штата Юта является частью индейской резервации Уинта и Урей . Самым популярным местом на северо-востоке штата Юта является Национальный памятник динозавров недалеко от Вернала .

Юго-западная часть штата Юта — самая низкая и самая жаркая точка штата Юта. Он известен как Дикси Юты, потому что первые поселенцы выращивали там хлопок. Бивердам-Уош на крайнем юго-западе Юты — самая низкая точка в штате, на высоте 2000 футов (610 м). Самая северная часть пустыни Мохаве также находится в этом районе. Дикси быстро становится популярным местом отдыха и выхода на пенсию, а население быстро растет. Хотя горы Уосатч заканчиваются на горе Нево возле Нефия , сложная серия горных хребтов простирается на юг от южного конца хребта вниз по хребту Юты. К северу от Дикси и к востоку от Сидар-Сити находится самый высокогорный горнолыжный курорт штата Брайан Хед .

Как и в большинстве западных и юго-западных штатов, федеральному правительству принадлежит большая часть земли в Юте. Более 70 процентов земли составляют либо земли BLM , доверительные владения штата Юта, либо национальный лес США , национальный парк США , национальный памятник США , национальная зона отдыха или зона дикой природы США . Юта — единственный штат, в каждом округе которого есть национальный лес.

  • Национальный парк Арки

  • Болота Париетта

    Болота Париетта

  • Маленький каньон Коттонвуд

  • Водохранилище Дир-Крик

  • Каньон Американ-Форк

  • Каньоны Колоб в национальном парке Зайон

Соседние штаты

  • Айдахо (север)
  • Вайоминг (восток и север)
  • Колорадо (восток)
  • Невада (запад)
  • Аризона (юг)

Климат

Юта отличается сухим, от полузасушливого до пустынного климата , хотя многие горы отличаются большим разнообразием климата, причем самые высокие точки в горах Уинта находятся над линией леса . Сухая погода является результатом расположения штата в дождевой тени Сьерра- Невады в Калифорнии. Восточная половина штата лежит в тени дождя гор Уосатч . Основным источником осадков для штата является Тихий океан, при этом штат обычно находится на пути сильных тихоокеанских штормов с октября по май. Летом штат, особенно южная и восточная Юта, лежит на пути муссонной влаги из Калифорнийского залива .

В большинстве низменных районов выпадает менее 12 дюймов (305 мм) осадков в год, хотя в коридоре I-15 , включая густонаселенный Уосатч-Фронт , выпадает примерно 15 дюймов (381 мм). Пустыня Большого Соленого озера — самая засушливая территория штата, ее толщина составляет менее 5 дюймов (127 мм). Снегопад является обычным явлением во всех долинах, кроме дальних южных. Хотя в Сент-Джордж выпадает всего около 3 дюймов (76 мм) в год, в Солт-Лейк-Сити выпадает около 60 дюймов (1524 мм), что усиливается за счет озерного эффекта снега из Большого Соленого озера, что увеличивает общее количество снегопадов на юге и юго-востоке. и к востоку от оз.

Некоторые районы хребта Уосатч на пути эффекта озера получают до 500 дюймов (12 700 мм) в год. Этот микроклимат усиленного снегопада с Большого Соленого озера охватывает всю близость к озеру. Каньоны тополя, прилегающие к Солт-Лейк-Сити, расположены в правильном месте, чтобы получать больше осадков из озера. Постоянно глубокий рыхлый снег привел к тому, что лыжная индустрия Юты в 1980-х годах приняла лозунг «Самый большой снег на Земле». Зимой температурные инверсии являются обычным явлением в низких бассейнах и долинах Юты, что приводит к густой дымке и туману, которые могут длиться неделями, особенно в бассейне Юинта . Хотя в другое время года качество воздуха здесь хорошее, зимние инверсии делают Солт-Лейк-Сити одним из самых сильных зимних загрязнений в стране.

Предыдущие исследования показали повсеместное уменьшение снежного покрова над Ютой, сопровождающееся снижением соотношения снега и осадков, в то время как были выдвинуты неофициальные доказательства того, что измеренные изменения снежного покрова в Юте являются ложными и не отражают фактических изменений. Исследование, проведенное в 2012 году, показало, что доля зимних (январь–март) осадков, выпадающих в виде снега, за последние полвека уменьшилась на девять процентов в результате значительного увеличения количества осадков и незначительного уменьшения количества снегопадов. Между тем наблюдаемая высота снежного покрова в штате Юта уменьшилась и сопровождается постоянным уменьшением снежного покрова и альбедо поверхности. Количество погодных систем, способных вызывать осадки, в Юте уменьшилось, а количество тех, которые вызывают снегопад, уменьшается значительно быстрее.

Температура в Юте экстремальная, с низкими температурами зимой из-за высокогорья и очень жарким летом по всему штату (за исключением горных районов и высокогорных долин). Юта обычно защищена от сильных порывов холодного воздуха горами, расположенными к северу и востоку от штата, хотя сильные арктические порывы иногда могут достигать штата. Средние высокие температуры января колеблются от примерно 30 ° F (-1 ° C) в некоторых северных долинах до почти 55 ° F (13 ° C) в Сент-Джордже.

Температуры, опускающиеся ниже 0 ° F (-18 ° C), следует ожидать время от времени в большинстве районов штата большую часть времени, хотя в некоторых районах это наблюдается часто (например, в городе Рэндольф в среднем около пятидесяти дней в году температура такая низкая ) . ). В июле средние максимумы колеблются от 85 до 100 ° F (от 29 до 38 ° C). Однако низкая влажность и большая высота обычно приводят к большим колебаниям температуры, что приводит к прохладным ночам в большинстве летних дней. Рекордно высокая температура в Юте составила 118 ° F (48 ° C), зарегистрированная к югу от Сент-Джорджа 4 июля 2007 г., а рекордно низкая температура была -69 ° F (-56 ° C), зарегистрированная в Питер Синкс в Горы Бэар-Ривер в северной части Юты, 1 февраля 1985 года. Однако рекордно низкий уровень для населенного пункта составляет -49 ° F (-45 ° C) в Вудраффе 12 декабря 1932 года.

В Юте, как и в большей части западной части Соединенных Штатов, бывает несколько дней с грозами. В среднем в году бывает менее 40 дней с грозами, хотя эти грозы могут быть краткосрочными, когда они случаются. Они чаще всего происходят в сезон дождей примерно с середины июля до середины сентября, особенно в южной и восточной части Юты. Сухие удары молнии и общая сухая погода летом часто вызывают лесные пожары, а сильные грозы могут привести к внезапным наводнениям , особенно в пересеченной местности на юге Юты. Хотя весна — самый влажный сезон в северной части штата Юта, конец лета — самый влажный период на большей части юга и востока штата. Торнадо в Юте — редкость, в среднем два раза в год обрушиваются на штат, редко превышающие интенсивность EF1.

Однако одним примечательным исключением стал беспрецедентный торнадо в Солт-Лейк-Сити , который прошел прямо через центр города Солт-Лейк-Сити 11 августа 1999 года. Торнадо F2 убил одного человека, ранил шестьдесят других и причинил ущерб примерно на 170 миллионов долларов; это был второй по силе торнадо в штате после F3 11 августа 1993 года в горах Уинта. Единственной другой зарегистрированной смертью от торнадо в истории Юты была 7-летняя девочка, которая была убита во время кемпинга в округе Саммит 6 июля 1884 года. Последний торнадо с интенсивностью выше (E) F0 произошел 8 сентября 2002 года, когда Торнадо F2 обрушился на Манти .

Дикая природа

Калифорнийская чайка — птица штата Юта.

Юта является домом для более чем 600 позвоночных животных, а также многочисленных беспозвоночных и насекомых.

Млекопитающие

Млекопитающие встречаются в каждом районе штата Юта. Нехищные более крупные млекопитающие включают равнинных бизонов , лосей , лосей , горных козлов , оленей-мулов , вилорогов и несколько видов снежных баранов . Нехищные мелкие млекопитающие включают ондатру и нутрию . К крупным и мелким хищным млекопитающим относятся черный медведь , пума , канадская рысь , рысь , лисица ( серая , рыжая и китовая ), койот , барсук , черноногий хорек , норка , горностай , длиннохвостая ласка , енот и выдра .

Бурый медведь ранее был обнаружен в штате Юта, но был истреблен . В Юте нет подтвержденных спаривающихся пар серых волков , хотя были наблюдения на северо-востоке штата Юта вдоль границы с Вайомингом .

Птицы

По состоянию на январь 2020 года 466 видов были включены в официальный список, которым руководит Комитет по учету птиц штата Юта (UBRC). Из них 119 классифицируются как случайные , 29 классифицируются как случайные, 57 классифицируются как редкие, а 10 были завезены в Юту или Северную Америку. Одиннадцать случайных видов также классифицируются как временные.

Из-за чуда, произошедшего с чайками в 1848 году, самой известной птицей в штате Юта является калифорнийская чайка , которая является птицей штата Юта. Памятник в Солт-Лейк-Сити увековечивает это событие , известное как « Чудо чаек ». Другие чайки, распространенные в Юте, включают чайку Бонапарта , кольчатую чайку и чайку Франклина .

Другие часто встречающиеся птицы включают американскую малиновку , обыкновенного скворца , зябликов ( черную розу , кассина и щегол ), черноклювую сороку , траурных голубей , воробьев ( домовых , древесных , черногрудых , чернозобых , брюэровских и др.). чиппинг ), поганка Кларка , железистый ястреб , гуси ( снежный , кудахтающий и канадский ), орлы ( золотой и белоголовый ), калифорнийский перепел , горная синяя птица и колибри ( каллиопа , черноподбородый и широкохвостый ).

Беспозвоночные

Западный паук черная вдова

В штате Юта обитает множество паукообразных , насекомых , моллюсков и других беспозвоночных . К паукообразным относятся скорпион из коры Аризоны , западные пауки-черные вдовы , пауки-крабы , пауки-бродяги ( Tegenaria agrestis ), подвальные пауки , американские травяные пауки , пауки-мокрицы . Несколько пауков, обитающих в Юте, часто ошибочно принимают за коричневого паука-отшельника , в том числе пустынного паука-отшельника (встречается только в округе Вашингтон ), подвального паука и пауков, плетущих щели . По состоянию на лето 2020 года коричневый паук-отшельник не был официально подтвержден в Юте.

Одним из самых редких насекомых в штате Юта является тигровый жук Coral Pink Sand Dunes , обитающий только в Государственном парке Coral Pink Sand Dunes , недалеко от Канаба . В 2012 году его предлагали внести в список исчезающих видов, но это предложение не было принято. К другим насекомым относятся кузнечики , зеленые клопы-вонючки , армейская совка , бабочка-монарх и мормонская рябчатая бабочка . Сфинксовая моль с белыми линиями распространена на большей части территории Соединенных Штатов, но были сообщения о вспышках больших групп их личинок, повреждающих томаты, виноград и садовые культуры в Юте. Четыре или пять видов светлячков также встречаются по всему штату.

В феврале 2009 года на юге штата Юта были обнаружены африканизированные медоносные пчелы . К маю 2017 года пчелы распространились в восьми округах штата Юта, вплоть до графств Гранд и Эмери .

Растительность

Пандо , считающийся одним из самых тяжелых и древних организмов на Земле.

Несколько тысяч растений произрастают в Юте, в том числе различные деревья, кустарники, кактусы, травянистые растения и травы. По состоянию на 2018 год в Юте насчитывается 3930 видов растений, из которых 3128 являются местными, а 792 интродуцированы различными способами.

Обычные деревья включают сосны / пиньоны ( пихта белая , колорадо , однолистная , щетинистая шишка Большого Бассейна , пондероза , ель Энгельмана , белая Скалистых гор ) и Acer grandidentatum , осина дрожащая , клен зубчатый , можжевельник Юта , крапчатая ольха , красная береза ​​, Gambel дуб , пустынная ива , голубая ель и деревья Джошуа . В штате Юта есть несколько названных деревьев, в том числе Джардинский можжевельник , Пандо и Тысячемильное дерево . Кустарники включают в себя ряд различных эфедры ( питаморальная , навахо , аризонская , невадская , пихта торри и зеленый мормонский чай ), полыни ( маленькая , бигелоу , серебристая , полынь Мишо , черная , карликовая , бутон и большой бассейн ), голубая бузина , Юта сервисберри , арония и сумах скунса . Западный ядовитый дуб , ядовитый сумах и западный ядовитый плющ произрастают в Юте.

В разнообразных пустынях Юты, особенно в южной и западной частях штата, растет множество разновидностей кактусов. Некоторые из них включают пустынную опунцию , калифорнийский бочкообразный кактус , кактус с рыболовным крючком , чоллу , опунцию бобрового хвоста и кактус без крючка в бассейне Уинта . Несмотря на пустынный климат, в Юте растет множество различных трав, в том числе иголка мормонская , пырей голубой , западная щелочная трава , беличий хвост , солончак пустынный и читграсс .

Несколько инвазивных видов растений считаются государством ядовитыми сорняками , в том числе бермудская трава , вьюнок полевой , белена , козлятник членистый , чертополох канадский , льнянка балканская и обыкновенная , тростник гигантский , пырей пырей , зверобой, болиголов , меч — трава , русская олива , миртовый молочай , японский горец , соленый кедр и козья голова .

Демография

Знак «Добро пожаловать в Юту»

По переписи населения США 2020 года население Юты составляло 3 271 616 человек. По оценкам Бюро переписи населения США, на 1 июля 2019 года население Юты составляло 3 205 958 человек, что на 16,00% больше, чем по данным переписи населения США 2010 года . Центр населения штата Юта расположен в округе Юта в городе Лехи . Большая часть населения проживает в городах и поселках вдоль Фронта Уосатч , столичного региона, который тянется с севера на юг с горами Уосатч, возвышающимися на восточной стороне. Рост за пределами Wasatch Front также увеличивается. Столичный район Сент-Джордж в настоящее время является вторым по темпам роста в стране после столичного района Лас-Вегаса , в то время как микрополитический район Хебер также является вторым по темпам роста в стране (после Палм-Коста, Флорида ).

Юта состоит из пяти городских агломераций (Логан, Огден- Клирфилд , Солт-Лейк-Сити, Прово-Орем и Сент-Джордж) и шести микрополитических областей ( Бригам-Сити , Хибер , Вернал , Прайс , Ричфилд и Сидар-Сити ).

Здоровье и плодородие

Юта занимает одно из первых мест по общему коэффициенту рождаемости, 47-е место по подростковой беременности , самое низкое место по проценту внебрачных рождений , самое низкое количество абортов на душу населения и самое низкое место по проценту подростковых беременностей, прерванных абортом. Однако статистика, касающаяся беременностей и абортов, также может быть искусственно занижена из-за того, что подростки уезжают за пределы штата для абортов из-за требований об уведомлении родителей . В штате Юта самый низкий уровень детской бедности в стране, несмотря на молодое население. Согласно Глобальному индексу благополучия Gallup-Healthways по состоянию на 2012 год, штат Юта занимает четвертое место по общему благополучию в Соединенных Штатах. Национальное исследование отпускаемых по рецепту лекарств в 2002 году показало, что антидепрессанты «назначались в Юте чаще, чем в любом другом штате, со скоростью, почти вдвое превышающей средний показатель по стране». Данные показывают, что уровень депрессии в Юте не выше, чем в среднем по стране.

Родословная и раса

Историческое население

Перепись Поп.

Примечание

1850 г. 11 380
1860 г. 40 273 253,9%
1870 г. 86 336 114,4%
1880 г. 143 963 66,7%
1890 г. 210 779 46,4%
1900 г. 276 749 31,3%
1910 г. 373 351 34,9%
1920 г. 449 396 20,4%
1930 г. 507 847 13,0%
1940 г. 550 310 8,4%
1950 г. 688 862 25,2%
1960 г. 890 627 29,3%
1970 г. 1 059 273 18,9%
1980 г. 1 461 037 37,9%
1990 г. 1 722 850 17,9%
2000 г. 2 233 169 29,6%
2010 2 763 885 23,8%
2020 3 271 616 18,4%
Источник: 1910–2020 гг.
Этнический состав по переписи 2020 г.

Раса и этническая принадлежность Один Общий
Белый (неиспаноязычный) 75,3% 78,9%
испанец или латиноамериканец 15,1%
Азии 2,4% 3,6%
Афроамериканец (неиспаноязычный) 1,1% 1,8%
житель тихоокеанских островов 1,1% 1,7%
Коренной американец 0,9% 1,8%
Другой 0,4% 1,1%

Карта округов Юты по расовому множеству согласно переписи населения США 2020 г.

  • Белый неиспаноязычный

      60–70%

      70–80%

      80–90%

      90%+

    Коренной американец

      50–60%

Историческая расовая демография

Расовый состав 1970 г. 1990 г. 2000 г. 2010 2020
Белый (неиспаноязычный) 97,4% 93,8% 89,2% 86,1% 75,3%
Латиноамериканец (любой расы) 4,1% 4,9% 9,0% 13,0% 15,1%
Азии 0,6% 1,9% 1,7% 2,0% 2,4%
Родной (неиспаноязычный) 1,1% 1,4% 1,3% 1,2% 0,9%
Черный (неиспаноязычный) 0,6% 0,7% 0,8% 1,0% 1,1%
Коренной житель Гавайских островов и
других островов Тихого океана
0,7% 0,9% 1,1%
Другая раса 0,2% 2,2% 4,2% 6,0% 0,4%
Две и более гонки 2,1% 2,7% 3,7%

Карта плотности населения Юты

Крупнейшие группы предков в штате:

  • 26,0% английский
  • 11,9% немец
  • 11,8% скандинавы (5,4% датчане , 4,0% шведы , 2,4% норвежцы )
  • 9,0% мексиканцев
  • 6,6% американцы
  • 6,2% ирландцев
  • 4,6% шотландцев
  • 2,7% итальянский
  • 2,4% голландцы
  • 2,2% французов
  • 2,2% валлийцы
  • 1,4% шотландский ирландский
  • 1,3% швейцарцев

В 2011 году сообщалось, что треть рабочей силы Юты говорит на двух языках, что было разработано в рамках программы овладения вторыми языками, начиная с начальной школы, и связано с миссионерскими целями мормонизма в отношении молодежи.

В 2011 году 28,6% населения Юты моложе одного года были этническими меньшинствами, что означает, что у них был по крайней мере один родитель, который принадлежал к расе, отличной от неиспаноязычной белой.

Религия

Мормоны — крупнейшая религиозная группа в штате Юта. Однако процент мормонов в общей численности населения снижается. В 2017 году 62,8% жителей Юты были членами Церкви СПД. Этот показатель снизился до 61,2% в 2018 году и до 60,7% в 2019 году. Члены Церкви СПД в настоящее время составляют от 34% до 41% населения Солт-Лейк-Сити. Однако многие другие крупные населенные пункты, такие как Прово, Логан, Туэле и Сент-Джордж, как правило, являются преимущественно СПД, наряду со многими пригородными и сельскими районами. Церковь СПД имеет самое большое количество приходов, насчитывающее 4815 приходов . Согласно результатам переписи населения США 2010 года в сочетании с официальной статистикой членства в церкви СПД, члены церкви составляли 62,1% от общей численности населения Юты. Округ Юта с самым низким процентом членов церкви был графством Гранд (26,5%), а округом с самым высоким процентом был округ Морган (86,1%). Кроме того, результат по самому густонаселенному округу Солт-Лейк-Каунти составил 51,4%.

Хотя Церковь СПД официально придерживается политики нейтралитета в отношении политических партий, доктрина церкви имеет сильное региональное влияние на политику. Еще один эффект доктрины можно увидеть в высокой рождаемости в Юте (на 25 процентов выше, чем в среднем по стране; это самый высокий показатель для штата в США). Мормоны в Юте, как правило, придерживаются консервативных взглядов, когда речь заходит о большинстве политических вопросов, и большинство жителей штата Юта избирательного возраста являются независимыми избирателями (60%), которые голосуют в подавляющем большинстве за республиканцев . Митт Ромни получил 72,8% голосов в штате Юта в 2012 году, в то время как Джон Маккейн набрал 62,5% голосов на президентских выборах в США в 2008 году и 70,9% за Джорджа Буша в 2004 году. В 2010 году Ассоциация архивов религиозных данных (ARDA) сообщила, что три крупнейшие конфессиональные группы в Юте — это Церковь СПД, насчитывающая 1 910 504 приверженца; католическая церковь с 160 125 приверженцами и Южная баптистская конвенция с 12 593 приверженцами.

Согласно опросу Gallup , в 2015 году Юта занимала третье место по количеству людей, считающих себя «очень религиозными» — 55% (уступая только Миссисипи и Алабаме ). Тем не менее, он был близок к среднему по стране количеству людей, считающих себя «нерелигиозными» (31%), и показал наименьший процент людей, считающих себя «умеренно религиозными» (15%), среди всех штатов, что на восемь пунктов ниже, чем у второго по величине штата. Вермонт . Кроме того, у него была самая высокая средняя еженедельная посещаемость церкви среди всех штатов — 51%.

Языки

Официальным языком в штате Юта является английский . Английский язык штата Юта — это прежде всего слияние диалектов Северной и Средней Америки, принесенных на запад членами Церкви СПД, чей оригинальный нью-йоркский диалект позже включил черты северо-восточного Огайо и центрального Иллинойса . В речи некоторых жителей центральной долины, хотя и реже в Солт-Лейк-Сити, заметно слияние шнуров и карточек , так что гласные / ɑ / и / ɔ / произносятся одинаково перед / ɹ /, например в словах шнур и карта .

В 2000 году 87,5% всех жителей штата в возрасте пяти лет и старше говорили дома только по-английски, что меньше, чем 92,2% в 1990 году.

14 самых популярных неанглийских языков, на которых говорят в Юте

Язык Процент населения
(по состоянию на 2010 г.)
испанский 7,4%
Немецкий 0,6%
Навахо 0,5%
Французский 0,4%
Языки тихоокеанских островов, включая чаморро, гавайский, илоканский, тагальский и самоанский языки. 0,4%
Китайский 0,4%
португальский 0,3%
вьетнамский 0,3%
Японский 0,2%
Арапахо 0,1%

Возраст и пол

В Юте самая высокая общая рождаемость и, соответственно, самое молодое население среди всех штатов США. В 2010 году население штата составляло 50,2% мужчин и 49,8% женщин. Продолжительность жизни 79,3 года.

Эконом

Несмотря на экономический спад, в регионе Wasatch Front наблюдается значительный рост и развитие. Показан проект City Creek Center , застройка в центре Солт-Лейк-Сити стоимостью 1,5–2,5 миллиарда долларов.

Одна из каждых 14 микросхем флэш-памяти в мире производится в Лехи, штат Юта .

По данным Бюро экономического анализа , валовой государственный продукт штата Юта в 2012 году составил 130,5 млрд долларов США , или 0,87% от общего ВВП США в размере 14,991 трлн долларов США за тот же год. Личный доход на душу населения в 2012 году составил 45 700 долларов. Основные отрасли промышленности Юты включают горнодобывающую промышленность, разведение крупного рогатого скота, производство соли и государственные услуги.

Согласно Индексу новой экономики штата за 2007 год, Юта занимает первое место в стране по экономическому динамизму, определяемому «степенью, в которой экономика штатов основана на знаниях, глобализации, предпринимательстве, информационных технологиях и инновациях». В 2014 году Юта заняла первое место в списке Forbes «Лучшие штаты для бизнеса». В ноябрьской 2010 г. в журнале Newsweek статья освещала экономические перспективы штата Юта и, в частности, района Солт-Лейк-Сити, называя его «новым экономическим Сионом», и исследовала, как этот район смог создать высокооплачиваемые рабочие места и привлечь высокотехнологичные корпорации в области во время рецессии. По состоянию на сентябрь 2014 года уровень безработицы в штате составлял 3,5%. С точки зрения «дружелюбия к малому бизнесу» в 2014 году Юта заняла первое место, согласно исследованию, основанному на данных более 12 000 владельцев малого бизнеса.

В восточной части штата Юта добыча нефти является основной отраслью. Недалеко от Солт-Лейк-Сити переработкой нефти занимается ряд нефтяных компаний. В центральной части Юты на добычу угля приходится большая часть горнодобывающей деятельности.

Согласно налоговым декларациям Налоговой службы , штат Юта занимает первое место среди всех штатов США по доле доходов, отданных на благотворительность богатыми. Это связано со стандартными десятью процентами от всех доходов, которые мормоны отдают церкви СПД. По данным Корпорации национальных и общественных работ, в период с 2008 по 2010 год в штате Юта было в среднем 884 000 добровольцев, каждый из которых работал по 89,2 часа на одного добровольца. Эта цифра соответствует 3,8 миллиардам долларов пожертвований на услуги, что ставит Юту на первое место по волонтерству в стране.

Налогообложение

Юта собирает личный подоходный налог ; с 2008 года налог составляет пять процентов для всех налогоплательщиков. Налог штата с продаж имеет базовую ставку 6,45 процента, при этом города и округа взимают дополнительные местные налоги с продаж, которые различаются в зависимости от муниципалитета. Налоги на имущество оцениваются и собираются на местном уровне. Юта не взимает налоги на нематериальную собственность и не взимает налог на наследство .

Туризм

Туризм является основной отраслью в штате Юта. С пятью национальными парками (Арки, Брайс-Каньон, Каньонлендс, Кэпитол-Риф и Сион) Юта занимает третье место среди всех штатов после Аляски и Калифорнии по количеству национальных парков. Кроме того, в штате Юта есть восемь национальных памятников ( Кедровые перерывы , Динозавр , Большая лестница-Эскаланте , Ховенвип , Природные мосты , Медвежьи уши , Радужный мост и Пещера Тимпаногос ), две национальные зоны отдыха ( Пылающее ущелье и Глен-Каньон ), семь национальных лесов. ( Эшли , Карибу-Тарги , Дикси , Фишлейк , Манти-Ла Сал , Пилообразный и Уинта-Уосатч-Кэш ), а также многочисленные государственные парки и памятники.

Район Моав в юго-восточной части штата известен своими сложными трассами для катания на горных велосипедах, включая Сликрок . В Моаве раз в полгода проводится знаменитое Моавское джип-сафари .

После зимних Олимпийских игр 2002 года в Юте наблюдается рост туризма . Парк-Сити является домом для сборной США по лыжным видам спорта . Горнолыжные курорты Юты в основном расположены в северной части Юты, недалеко от Солт-Лейк-Сити, Парк-Сити, Огдена и Прово . В период с 2007 по 2011 год Оленья долина в Парк-Сити была признана лучшим горнолыжным курортом в Северной Америке по результатам опроса, организованного журналом Ski .

В Юте много важных горнолыжных курортов. Опрос читателей журнала Ski Magazine за 2009 год показал, что шесть из десяти лучших курортов, которые считаются наиболее «доступными», и шесть из десяти лучших курортов с лучшими снежными условиями, расположены в Юте. В Южной Юте горнолыжный курорт Брайан-Хед расположен в горах недалеко от Сидар-Сити . Бывшие олимпийские объекты, включая Олимпийский парк Юты и Олимпийский овал Юты, все еще используются для тренировок и соревнований и позволяют публике участвовать в многочисленных мероприятиях, включая прыжки с трамплина , бобслей и конькобежный спорт .

В штате Юта есть множество культурных достопримечательностей, таких как Храмовая площадь , кинофестиваль «Сандэнс» , кинофестиваль в Ред-Роке , кинофестиваль DOCUTAH , информационный центр в Юте и Шекспировский фестиваль в Юте . Храмовая площадь занимает 16-е место среди самых посещаемых туристических достопримечательностей в Соединенных Штатах по версии журнала Forbes с более чем пятью миллионами посетителей в год.

Другие достопримечательности включают Долину монументов , Большое Соленое озеро, солончаки Бонневиль и озеро Пауэлл .

Брендинг

Штат Юта в значительной степени зависит от доходов от туристов и путешественников, посещающих парки и горнолыжные курорты штата, и, таким образом, необходимость «заклеймить» Юту и создать впечатление о штате во всем мире привела к появлению нескольких лозунгов штата, наиболее известным из которых является который является «Самым большим снегом на Земле», который официально используется в Юте с 1975 года (хотя неофициально этот слоган использовался еще в 1962 году) и теперь украшает почти 50 процентов номерных знаков штата. В 2001 году губернатор штата Юта Майк Ливитт утвердил новый лозунг штата «Юта! Там, где идеи соединяются», который действовал до 10 марта 2006 года, когда Совет по путешествиям штата Юта и офис губернатора Джона Хантсмана объявили, что «Жизнь на возвышении» будет новый государственный лозунг.

Добыча

Горнодобывающая промышленность была крупной отраслью в Юте с тех пор, как она была впервые заселена. Шахта Бингхэм-Каньон в округе Солт-Лейк-Сити — одна из крупнейших карьеров в мире.

Начиная с конца 19 века, когда в штате бум добычи полезных ископаемых (включая шахту Бингем-Каньон , входящую в число крупнейших открытых карьеров в мире), компании привлекали большое количество иммигрантов с возможностями трудоустройства. Со времен Территории Юты добыча полезных ископаемых играла важную роль в экономике Юты. Исторические шахтерские города включают Меркур в округе Туэле, Сильвер-Риф в округе Вашингтон, Юрика в округе Джуаб, Парк-Сити в округе Саммит и многочисленные лагеря добычи угля по всему округу Карбон, такие как Касл-Гейт, Спринг-Каньон и Гайавата.

Эти поселения были характерны для цикла подъема и спада, который преобладал в шахтерских городах американского Запада. Парк-Сити, штат Юта, и Альта, штат Юта, были быстрорастущими городами в начале двадцатого века. Богатые серебряные рудники в горах, прилегающих к городам, привели к тому, что многие люди стекались в города в поисках богатства. В начале эпохи холодной войны уран добывали в восточной части штата Юта. Сегодня горнодобывающая деятельность по-прежнему играет важную роль в экономике штата. Минералы, добываемые в Юте, включают медь, золото, серебро, молибден, цинк, свинец и бериллий. Ископаемые виды топлива, включая уголь, нефть и природный газ, продолжают играть большую роль в экономике штата Юта, особенно в восточной части штата в таких округах, как Карбон, Эмери, Гранд и Юинта.

Инциденты

В 2007 году девять человек погибли при обрушении шахты Крэндалл-Каньон .

22 марта 2013 года один шахтер погиб, а другой был ранен после того, как они оказались в ловушке в обвале в части горнодобывающего комплекса Castle Valley , примерно в 16 км (9,9 миль) к западу от небольшого шахтерского городка Хантингтон в округе Эмери . .

Энергия

Юта добывает больше угля и производит больше электроэнергии, чем потребляет. Штат имеет потенциал для производства 31,6 ТВт-ч в год из 13,1 ГВт энергии ветра и 10 290 ТВт-ч в год из солнечной энергии с использованием 4048 ГВт фотоэлектрических (PV), в том числе 5,6 ГВт фотоэлектрических на крыше и 1638 ГВт концентрированной солнечной энергии . Проект Blue Castle работает над строительством первой в штате атомной электростанции недалеко от Грин-Ривер, штат Юта . Его планируется завершить в 2030 году.

Транспорт

Дорога

I-15 и I-80 являются основными автомагистралями между штатами в штате, где они пересекаются и ненадолго сливаются недалеко от центра Солт-Лейк-Сити . I-15 пересекает штат с севера на юг, въезжая из Аризоны возле Сент-Джорджа, параллельно фронту Уосатч и пересекая Айдахо возле Портиджа . I-80 охватывает северную Юту с востока на запад, въезжая из Невады в Вендовер , пересекая горы Уосатч к востоку от Солт-Лейк-Сити и въезжая в Вайоминг около Эванстона . I-84 West входит из Айдахо возле Сноувилля (из Бойсе ) и сливается с I-15 из Тремонтона в Огден, затем направляется на юго-восток через горы Уосатч, прежде чем закончиться на I-80 возле перекрестка Эхо .

I-70 отделяется от I-15 в форте Коув в центральной части штата Юта и направляется на восток через горы и пересеченную пустынную местность, обеспечивая быстрый доступ ко многим национальным паркам и национальным памятникам на юге штата Юта, и известна своей красотой. Участок протяженностью 103 мили (166 км) от Салины до Грин-Ривер является самым длинным участком межштатной автомагистрали в стране без обслуживания и, когда он был завершен в 1970 году, стал самым длинным участком совершенно новой автомагистрали, построенной в США с тех пор, как в 1943 году было завершено строительство
шоссе на Аляску .

Железная дорога и транзит

Грузовые железные дороги Юты класса I — это BNSF Railway и Union Pacific Railway . Пассажирская железная дорога между штатами обеспечивается ежедневным поездом California Zephyr компании Amtrak , который курсирует между вокзалом Чикаго Юнион и Эмеривиллем, штат Калифорния , с остановками в Юте в Грин-Ривер , Хелпер , Прово и интермодальном хабе Солт-Лейк-Сити . Ранее штат обслуживали поезда Amtrak Pioneer и Desert Wind . Исторические железные дороги включают железную дорогу Хебер-Вэлли и поезд Дикого Королевства .

Управление транзита штата Юта (UTA) управляет услугами общественного транспорта по всему региону Уосатч-Фронт . TRAX , система легкорельсового транспорта UTA , состоит из трех линий. Голубая линия (ранее Солт-Лейк-Сити/Сэнди-Лайн) начинается в пригороде Дрейпер и заканчивается в центре Солт-Лейк-Сити . Красная линия (Mid-Jordan/University Line) начинается в Сообществе Рассвета в Южной Иордании , юго-западном пригороде долины, и заканчивается в Университете Юты . Зеленая линия начинается в Вест-Вэлли-Сити , проходит через центр города Солт-Лейк-Сити и заканчивается в международном аэропорту Солт-Лейк-Сити . UTA также управляет FrontRunner , линией пригородной железной дороги , идущей между Огденом и Прово через Солт-Лейк-Сити.

Автобусная система UTA простирается от Долины Соленого озера на запад до Грантсвилля и на восток до Парк-Сити . За пределами UTA города Сидар-Сити , Логан , Парк-Сити и Сент-Джордж обслуживаются местными автобусными операторами. Зимой UTA и несколько частных автобусных компаний осуществляют маршрутные перевозки до горнолыжных курортов Юты.

Воздух

Международный аэропорт Солт-Лейк-Сити является единственным международным аэропортом в штате и служит узловым аэропортом для Delta Air Lines . Аэропорт неизменно занимает первое место по своевременности вылетов и имеет наименьшее количество отмен среди аэропортов США. Аэропорт имеет беспосадочные рейсы в более чем сотню пунктов назначения в Соединенных Штатах, Канаде и Мексике, а также в Амстердам , Лондон и Париж . Каньонлендс Филд (недалеко от Моава ), региональный аэропорт Сидар-Сити , аэропорт Огден-Хинкли , муниципальный аэропорт Прово , региональный аэропорт Сент-Джордж и региональный аэропорт Вернал обеспечивают ограниченное коммерческое воздушное сообщение. Новый региональный аэропорт в Сент-Джордже открылся 12 января 2011 года. Штаб-квартира SkyWest Airlines также находится в Сент-Джордже, а хаб находится в Солт-Лейк-Сити.

Закон и правительство

Правительство штата Юта разделено на три ветви: исполнительную, законодательную и судебную. Нынешним губернатором штата Юта является Спенсер Кокс , который был приведен к присяге 4 января 2021 года. Губернатор избирается сроком на четыре года. Законодательное собрание штата Юта состоит из Сената и Палаты представителей . Сенаторы штата избираются на четырехлетний срок, а представители — на двухлетний срок. Законодательное собрание штата Юта собирается каждый год в январе на ежегодную 45-дневную сессию.

Верховный суд штата Юта является судом последней инстанции в штате Юта. Он состоит из пяти судей, которые назначаются губернатором, а затем подлежат избранию. Апелляционный суд штата Юта рассматривает дела судов первой инстанции. Суды первой инстанции — это районные суды и суды первой инстанции. Все судьи и судьи, например, в Верховном суде штата Юта, подлежат избранию после назначения.

В исследовании 2020 года Юта заняла 3-е место среди штатов, в которых гражданам проще всего голосовать.

Округа

Юта разделена на политические юрисдикции, обозначенные как округа . С 1918 года в штате было 29 округов площадью от 298 до 7 819 квадратных миль (от 772 до 20 300 км 2 ).

Название округа Место округа Год основания Перепись населения США 2020 г. Крупнейший город округа Процент от общего Область % состояния
бобер бобер 1856 г. 7072 бобер 0,22% 2 589 квадратных миль (6 710 км 2 ) 3,2%
Ящик Старейшина Бригам Сити 1856 г. 57 666 Бригам Сити 1,76% 5 745 квадратных миль (14 880 км 2 ) 7,0%
Кэш Логан 1856 г. 133 154 Логан 4,07% 1164 квадратных миль (3010 км 2 ) 1,4%
Углерод Цена 1894 г. 20 412 Цена 0,62% 1478 квадратных миль (3830 км 2 ) 1,8%
Даггетт Манила 1918 г. 935 Манила 0,03% 696 квадратных миль (1800 км 2 ) 0,8%
Дэвис Фармингтон 1852 г. 362 679 Лейтон 11,09% 298 квадратных миль (770 км 2 ) 0,4%
Дюшен Дюшен 1915 г. 19 596 Рузвельт 0,60% 3 240 квадратных миль (8 400 км 2 ) 3,9%
Эмери Замок Дейл 1880 г. 9825 Хантингтон 0,30% 4 462 квадратных миль (11 560 км 2 ) 5,4%
Гарфилд Пангуич 1882 г. 5051 Пангуич 0,15% 5 175 квадратных миль (13 400 км 2 ) 6,3%
Гранд Моав 1890 г. 9669 Моав 0,30% 3 671 квадратных миль (9 510 км 2 ) 4,5%
Железо Парован 1852 г. 57 289 Сидар Сити 1,75% 3 296 квадратных миль (8 540 км 2 ) 4,0%
Джуаб Нефий 1852 г. 11 786 Нефий 0,36% 3 392 квадратных миль (8 790 км 2 ) 4,1%
Кейн Канаб 1864 г. 7667 Канаб 0,23% 3 990 квадратных миль (10 300 км 2 ) 4,9%
Миллард Филлмор 1852 г. 12 975 Дельта 0,40% 6 572 квадратных миль (17 020 км 2 ) 8,0%
Морган Морган 1862 г. 12 295 Морган 0,38% 609 квадратных миль (1580 км 2 ) 0,7%
Пиуте Соединение 1865 г. 1438 Серклвилль 0,04% 757 квадратных миль (1960 км 2 ) 0,9%
Богатый Рэндольф 1868 г. 2510 Город-сад 0,08% 1028 квадратных миль (2660 км 2 ) 1,3%
Соленое озеро Солт-Лейк-Сити 1852 г. 1 185 238 Солт-Лейк-Сити, столица штата. 36,23% 742 квадратных миль (1920 км 2 ) 0,9%
Сан-Хуан Монтиселло 1880 г. 14 518 Блендинг 0,44% 7 819 квадратных миль (20 250 км 2 ) 9,5%
Санпете манты 1852 г. 28 437 Ефрем 0,87% 1590 квадратных миль (4100 км 2 ) 1,9%
Севье Ричфилд 1865 г. 21 522 Ричфилд 0,66% 1910 квадратных миль (4900 км 2 ) 2,3%
Саммит Колвилл 1854 г. 42 357 Парк Сити 1,29% 1871 кв. миль (4850 км 2 ) 2,3%
Туэле Туэле 1852 г. 72 698 Туэле 2,22% 6 941 кв. миль (17 980 км 2 ) 8,4%
Уинта Вернал 1880 г. 35 620 Вернал 1,09% 4 479 квадратных миль (11 600 км 2 ) 5,5%
Юта Прово 1852 г. 659 399 Прово, третий по величине город в Юта. 20,16% 2 003 квадратных миль (5 190 км 2 ) 2,4%
Уосатч Хибер 1862 г. 34 788 Хибер Сити 1,06% 1175 квадратных миль (3040 км 2 ) 1,4%
Вашингтон Святой Георг 1852 г. 180 279 Святой Георг 5,51% 2426 квадратных миль (6280 км 2 ) 3,0%
Уэйн лоа 1892 г. 2486 лоа 0,08% 2460 квадратных миль (6400 км 2 ) 3,0%
Вебер Огден 1852 г. 262 223 Огден 8,02% 576 квадратных миль (1490 км 2 ) 0,7%
  • Всего округов: 29
  • Общая численность населения в 2020 году: 3 271 616 человек.
  • Общая площадь штата: 82 154 квадратных миль (212 780 км 2 )

Права женщин

Юта предоставила женщинам полное право голоса в 1870 году, за 26 лет до того, как стала штатом. Из всех штатов США только Вайоминг ранее предоставлял избирательное право женщинам . Однако в 1887 году Конгресс принял первоначальный закон Эдмундса-Такера , чтобы ограничить влияние мормонов в правительстве территории. Одним из положений Закона была отмена избирательного права женщин; полное избирательное право не было возвращено до тех пор, пока Юта не была принята в Союз в 1896 году.

Юта является одним из 15 штатов, не ратифицировавших Поправку США о равных правах .

Воспитание на свободном выгуле

В марте 2018 года в штате Юта был принят первый в США закон о свободном воспитании детей . Законопроект был подписан губернатором -республиканцем Гэри Гербертом и гласит, что родители, которые позволяют своим детям заниматься определенными видами деятельности без присмотра, не считаются нерадивыми.

Конституция

Конституция штата Юта была принята 8 мая 1895 года. Примечательно, что конституция объявила полигамию вне закона, как того требовал Конгресс, когда Юта подала заявку на получение статуса штата, и восстановила территориальную практику избирательного права женщин . В Конституцию штата Юта с момента ее принятия много раз
вносились поправки .

Законы об алкоголе, табаке и азартных играх

Законы Юты в отношении алкоголя , табака и азартных игр строги. Юта является штатом, где разрешено употребление алкогольных напитков . Департамент контроля над алкогольными напитками штата Юта регулирует продажу алкоголя; вино и спиртные напитки можно приобрести только в государственных винных магазинах, а местные законы могут запрещать продажу пива и других алкогольных напитков по воскресеньям. Штат запрещает продажу фруктовых алкогольных напитков в продуктовых магазинах и магазинах шаговой доступности. Закон гласит, что такие напитки теперь должны иметь новые одобренные государством этикетки на лицевой стороне продуктов, которые содержат заглавные буквы жирным шрифтом, сообщающие потребителям, что напитки содержат алкоголь и в каком процентном соотношении. Юта — единственный штат, который устанавливает максимальное содержание алкоголя в крови (BAC) для водителей на уровне 0,05%, в отличие от ограничения в 0,08% в других штатах. Закон штата Юта о чистом воздухе в помещениях — это запрет на курение в масштабах штата , который запрещает курение во многих общественных местах. Юта и Гавайи — единственные два штата в США, где запрещены все виды азартных игр.

Однополый брак

Однополые браки стали законными в штате Юта 20 декабря 2013 года, когда судья окружного суда США Роберт Дж. Шелби вынес решение по делу Китчен против Герберта . По состоянию на конец рабочего дня 26 декабря было выдано более 1225 разрешений на брак, из которых не менее 74 процентов, или 905 разрешений, выдано гей- и лесбийским парам. 6 января 2014 года Верховный суд США приостановил действие решения Генеральной прокуратуры штата Юта , пока дело рассматривал Апелляционный суд Десятого округа . 6 октября 2014 г. Верховный суд США отклонил судебный приказ об истребовании дела , и позже в тот же день 10-й окружной суд выдал свой мандат, отменив их приостановление. В тот же день в Юте снова завязались однополые браки.

Политика

Регистрация партии по состоянию на 11 октября 2022 г.
Вечеринка Всего избирателей Процент
республиканец 958 846 50,43%
Неаффилированный 563 464 29,63%
демократический 269 ​​737 14,18%
Другой 109 453 5,76%
Общий 1 901 500 100%

Здание суда Скотта Мэтисона является резиденцией Верховного суда штата Юта.

В конце 19 века федеральное правительство выступило против полигамии в церкви СПД. Церковь СПД прекратила многоженство в 1890 году, а в 1896 году Юта была принята в Союз. Многие новые люди поселились в этом районе вскоре после появления мормонских пионеров. Отношения между населением СПД и населением, не принадлежащим к СПД, часто были натянутыми. Эти трения сыграли большую роль в истории Юты ( Либеральная партия против Народной партии ).

Юта голосует преимущественно за республиканцев. Самоидентифицирующие себя Святые последних дней с большей вероятностью проголосуют за республиканский билет, чем немормоны. Юта — один из самых республиканских штатов в стране. Юта была единственным штатом в стране с наибольшим республиканским уклоном на всех президентских выборах с 1976 по 2004 год, если судить по разнице в процентных пунктах между кандидатами от республиканцев и демократов . В 2008 году Юта была только третьим по количеству республиканцев штатом (после Вайоминга и Оклахомы ), но в 2012 году , когда мормон Митт Ромни возглавил список республиканцев, Юта вернулась на свою позицию самого республиканского штата. Однако в результате президентских выборов 2016 года республиканец Дональд Трамп победил в штате (что стало тринадцатой победой кандидата в президенты от республиканцев подряд) только с большинством голосов, впервые с 1992 года .

Оба сенатора от штата Юта , Митт Ромни и Майк Ли , являются республиканцами. Еще трое республиканцев — Роб Бишоп , Крис Стюарт и Джон Кертис — представляют Юту в Палате представителей США . Бен МакАдамс был единственным демократическим членом делегации штата Юта, представляющим 4-й избирательный округ , базирующийся в Солт-Лейк-Сити , с 2019 по 2021 год, хотя в 2020 году он проиграл переизбрание республиканцу Берджессу Оуэнсу . ушел в отставку, чтобы служить послом США в Китае в 2009 году, Гэри Герберт был приведен к присяге в качестве губернатора 11 августа 2009 года. Герберт был избран на оставшийся срок на внеочередных выборах в 2010 году, победив кандидата от Демократической партии мэра округа Солт-Лейк-Сити Питера. Коррун с 64% голосов. Он выиграл выборы на полный четырехлетний срок в 2012 году, победив демократа Питера Кука, набрав 68% голосов.

Церковь СПД придерживается официальной политики нейтралитета в отношении политических партий и кандидатов.

В 1970-х годах агентство Ассошиэйтед Пресс процитировало тогдашнего апостола Эзру Тафта Бенсона, который сказал, что верному Святому последних дней будет трудно быть либеральным демократом. Хотя Церковь СПД неоднократно официально отвергала такие заявления, кандидаты от Демократической партии, включая демократов СПД, считают, что республиканцы извлекают выгоду из представления о доктринальном превосходстве Республиканской партии. Политолог и социолог Дэн Джонс объясняет это несоответствие, отмечая, что национальная Демократическая партия связана с либеральными позициями в отношении однополых браков и абортов, против которых выступает Церковь СПД. Республиканская партия в округе Юта, где преобладают мормоны, позиционирует себя как лучший выбор для Святых последних дней. Несмотря на то, что кандидаты от Демократической партии штата Юта преимущественно являются СПД, социально консервативными и выступающими за жизнь, с 1994 года ни один демократ в округе Юта не победил.

Дэвид Мэглби , декан факультета социальных и поведенческих наук Университета Бригама Янга , пожизненный демократ и политический аналитик, утверждает, что Республиканская партия на самом деле занимает более консервативные позиции, чем Церковь СПД. Мэглби утверждает, что местные консервативные демократы лучше согласуются с доктриной СПД. Например, Республиканская партия штата Юта выступает против почти всех абортов, в то время как демократы штата Юта придерживаются более либерального подхода, хотя и более консервативного, чем их национальные коллеги. По вопросам Второй поправки Республиканская партия штата расходится с позицией Церкви СПД, выступающей против скрытого огнестрельного оружия в местах отправления культа и в общественных местах.

В 1998 году церковь выразила обеспокоенность тем, что штат Юта воспринимает Республиканскую партию как институт СПД, и уполномочил пожизненного демократа и семидесяти Марлина Дженсена продвигать двухпартийность СПД.

Юта гораздо более консервативна, чем США в целом, прежде всего в социальных вопросах . По словам Дэвида Мэглби , по сравнению с другими штатами Горного Запада, где доминируют республиканцы, такими как Айдахо и Вайоминг , политика Юты носит более моралистический и менее либертарианский характер.

Около 80% Законодательного собрания штата Юта являются членами Церкви Иисуса Христа Святых последних дней, в то время как ее члены составляют 61 процент населения. С тех пор как в 1896 году Юта стала штатом, в ней было всего два губернатора, не являющиеся мормонами.

В 2006 году законодательный орган принял закон, запрещающий совместную опеку над ребенком небиологическим родителем. Мера по содержанию под стражей была принята законодательным органом, и на нее наложил вето губернатор, сторонник взаимных льгот.

Демократы округа Карбон, как правило, состоят из членов крупных греческих , итальянских и юго-восточных европейских общин, чьи предки мигрировали в начале 20-го века, чтобы работать в крупной горнодобывающей промышленности. Взгляды, распространенные среди этой группы, находятся под сильным влиянием трудовой политики , особенно эпохи Нового курса .

Наиболее республиканскими районами штата, как правило, являются округ Юта, в котором находится Университет Бригама Янга в городе Прово, и почти все сельские округа. Эти районы обычно придерживаются социально консервативных взглядов в соответствии с национальными религиозными правыми . Самые демократические районы штата в настоящее время находятся в самом Солт-Лейк-Сити и его окрестностях.

Штат не голосовал за демократа на пост президента с 1964 года. Исторически сложилось так, что кандидаты в президенты от республиканцев одерживают здесь одну из своих лучших побед. Юта была лучшим штатом республиканцев на выборах 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004 и 2012 годов. В 1992 году Юта была единственным штатом в стране, где кандидат от Демократической партии Билл Клинтон финишировал позади кандидата от республиканцев Джорджа Буша-старшего и независимого кандидата Росса Перо . В 2004 году республиканец Джордж Буш выиграл все округа штата, и Юта дала ему самый большой перевес среди всех штатов. Он выиграл пять голосов выборщиков штата с перевесом в 46 процентных пунктов, набрав 71,5% голосов. На президентских выборах 1996 года кандидат от республиканцев получил меньше 54% голосов, а демократ — 34%.

В 2020 году Ассошиэйтед Пресс написало статью о политической культуре Юты во время президентских выборов того года . В статье отмечается более двухпартийная и совместная среда, а также консервативная поддержка либеральных идей, таких как права ЛГБТ и употребление марихуаны, несмотря на доминирование республиканцев в штате и политическую поляризацию, наблюдаемую в то время в других частях США.

Крупные города и поселки

Население Юты сосредоточено в двух районах: Уосатч-Фронт в северо-центральной части штата с населением более 2,6 миллиона человек; и округ Вашингтон на юго-западе штата Юта, известный как « Дикси », с населением более 175 000 человек в столичном районе.

Согласно переписи 2010 года, Юта была вторым самым быстрорастущим штатом (на 23,8 процента) в Соединенных Штатах в период с 2000 по 2010 год (после Невады). Сент-Джордж , расположенный на юго-западе, является вторым самым быстрорастущим мегаполисом в Соединенных Штатах, уступая Грили, штат Колорадо .

Тремя самыми быстрорастущими округами с 2000 по 2010 год были округ Уосатч (54,7%), округ Вашингтон (52,9%) и округ Туэле (42,9%). Однако больше всего людей добавилось в округе Юта (148 028 человек). В период с 2000 по 2010 год: Саратога-Спрингс (1673%), Херриман (1330%), Игл-Маунтин (893%), Сидар-Хиллз (217%), Саут-Уиллард (168%), Нибли (166%), Сиракузы (159%). , Вест-Хейвен (158%), Лехи (149%), Вашингтон (129%) и Стэнсбери-Парк (116%) увеличилось как минимум вдвое. Западный Джордан (35 376), Лехи (28 379), Сент-Джордж (23 234 ), Южный Джордан (20 981), Вест-Вэлли-Сити (20 584) и Херриман (20 262) добавили не менее 20 000 человек.

Юта
Ранг
Город Население
(2020 г.)
в
черте города

Площадь земли

Плотность населения
(/миль 2 )

Плотность населения
(/км 2 )
округ
1 Солт-Лейк-Сити 199 723 109,1 квадратных миль (283 км 2 ) 1830,6 706 Соленое озеро
2 Уэст-Вэлли-Сити 140 230 35,4 квадратных миль (92 км 2 ) 3961,3 1524 Соленое озеро
3 Западная Иордания 116 961 30,9 квадратных миль (80 км 2 ) 3785,1 1462 Соленое озеро
4 Прово 115 162 39,6 квадратных миль (103 км 2 ) 2908,1 1118 округ Юта
5 Орем 98 129 18,4 квадратных миль (48 км 2 ) 5333,1 2044 округ Юта
6 Сэнди 96 904 22,3 квадратных миль (58 км 2 ) 4345,5 1671 Соленое озеро
7 Святой Георг 95 342 64,4 квадратных миль (167 км 2 ) 1480,5 571 Вашингтон
8 Огден 87 321 26,6 квадратных миль (69 км 2 ) 3282,7 1266 Вебер
9 Лейтон 81 773 22,0 квадратных миль (57 км 2 ) 3717 1434 Дэвис
10 Южная Иордания 77 487 22,05 квадратных миль (57 км 2 ) 3514,1 1359 Соленое озеро
11 Легий 75 907 26,3 квадратных миль (68 км 2 ) 2886,2 1116 Юта
12 Милкрик 63 380 13,7 квадратных миль (35 км 2 ) 4626,3 1811 Соленое озеро
13 Тейлорсвилл 60 448 10,7 квадратных миль (28 км 2 ) 5649,3 2159 Соленое озеро
Комбинированная статистическая область Население
(2010 г.)
Солт-Лейк-Сити — Огден — Клирфилд
включает:
Солт-Лейк-Сити и столичные районы Огден-Клирфилд , а также микрополитические районы
Бригам-Сити и Хибер (как указано ниже)
1 744 886
Юта
Ранг
Столичная зона Население
(2017)
Округа
1 Солт-Лейк-Сити * 1 203 105 Солт-Лейк , Туэле , Саммит
2 Огден — Клирфилд * 665 358 Вебер , Дэвис , Морган
3 Прово — Орем 617 675 Юта
4 Святой Георг 165 662 Вашингтон
5 Логан 138 002 Кэш , Франклин (Айдахо)
  • До 2003 года мегаполисы Солт-Лейк-Сити и Огден-Клирфилд считались единым мегаполисом.
Юта
Ранг
Район микрополитена Население
(2010 г.)
1 Бригам Сити 49 015
2 Сидар Сити 44 540
3 Вернал 29 885
4 Хибер 21 066
5 Цена 19 549
6 Ричфилд 18 382
  • Солт-Лейк-Сити

  • Логан

  • Огден

  • Парк Сити

  • Прово

  • Сэнди

  • Святой Георг

  • Лейтон

Колледжи и университеты

  • Технический колледж Бриджерленда в Логане
  • Колледж Бродвью в Западном Джордане
  • Университет Бригама Янга в Прово (дополнительный кампус в Солт-Лейк-Сити)
  • Технический колледж Дэвиса в Кейсвилле
  • Колледж Игл Гейт в Мюррее и Лейтоне
  • Колледж энсинов (бывший бизнес-колледж СПД) в Солт-Лейк-Сити
  • Университет медсестер и медицинских наук Джойса (бывший Колледж здравоохранения Ameritech) в Дрейпере
  • Горный технический колледж в Лехи
  • Колледж компьютерных наук Ноймонт в Южной Иордании
  • Колледж остеопатической медицины Ноорда в Прово
  • Технический колледж Огден-Вебер в Огдене
  • Колледж Прово в Прово
  • Университет медицинских профессий Роки-Маунтин в Прово
  • Университет Роузмана в Южном Джордане, Юта
  • Общественный колледж Солт-Лейк-Сити в Тейлорсвилле
  • Снежный колледж в Эфраиме и Ричфилде
  • Университет Южной Юты в Сидар-Сити
  • Юго-западный технический колледж в Сидар-Сити
  • Технический колледж Туэле в Туэле
  • Технический колледж бассейна Юинта в Рузвельте
  • Университет Феникса в разных местах по всему штату
  • Университет Юты в Солт-Лейк-Сити
  • Университет штата Юта в Логане (дополнительные кампусы в разных штатах)
  • Восточный университет штата Юта в цене
  • Технический университет штата Юта в Сент-Джордже (ранее Государственный университет Дикси) по состоянию на май 2022 г., юридическая сила вступает в силу в июле 2022 г.)
  • Университет долины Юты в Ореме
  • Государственный университет Вебера в Огдене
  • Western Governors University — онлайн-университет со штаб-квартирой в Солт-Лейк-Сити.
  • Вестминстерский колледж в Солт-Лейк-Сити

Культура

Виды спорта

Юта Джаз играет против Хьюстон Рокетс

Юта является вторым наименее густонаселенным штатом США, в котором есть франшиза крупной профессиональной спортивной лиги после того, как Vegas Golden Knights присоединились к Национальной хоккейной лиге в 2017 году . Юта Джаз Национальной баскетбольной ассоциации играет на Vivint Arena в Солт-Лейк-Сити . Команда переехала в город из Нового Орлеана в 1979 году и была одной из самых успешных команд в лиге (хотя им еще предстоит выиграть чемпионат). Солт-Лейк-Сити ранее принимал Utah Stars , которые соревновались в ABA с 1970 по 1976 год и выиграли один чемпионат, а также Utah Starzz из WNBA с 1997 по 2003 год.

Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer была основана в 2005 году и проводит свои домашние матчи на стадионе Rio Tinto (теперь известном как America First Field в Сэнди ). RSL остается единственной спортивной командой высшей лиги Юты, выигравшей национальный чемпионат, выиграв MLS. Кубок 2009 года. В настоящее время RSL управляет тремя взрослыми командами в дополнение к команде MLS. Real Monarchs , соревнующиеся в MLS Next Pro третьего уровня , являются официальной резервной командой RSL. Команда начала играть в сезоне 2015 года на стадионе Rio Tinto. , остававшийся там до переезда на стадион Zions Bank , расположенный в тренировочном центре RSL в Херримане , на сезон 2018 г. и далее. ФК «Юта Роялс» , который делит собственность с RSL, а также играет на America First Field, играл в Национальной женской футбольной лиге. , высший уровень женского футбола США, с 2018 года. До создания Royals основной женской командой RSL была Real Salt Lake Women , которая начала играть в женской премьер-лиге в 2008 году и перешла в United Women’s. Футбол в 2016 году. Женщины RSL в настоящее время играют в Университете Юта-Вэлли в Ореме .

Высшей бейсбольной командой Малой лиги штата Юта является команда Triple-A Salt Lake Bees , которая играет на бейсбольном стадионе Смита в Солт-Лейк-Сити в составе Лиги Тихоокеанского побережья . В Юте также есть одна хоккейная команда низшей лиги , Utah Grizzlies , которая играет в Maverik Center и соревнуется в ECHL .

В штате Юта есть семь университетов, которые соревнуются в Дивизионе I NCAA . В трех школах есть футбольные программы, которые участвуют в высшем уровне Football Bowl Subdivision : Юта в конференции Pac-12 , штат Юта в конференции Mountain West и BYU как независимый (хотя BYU участвует в нефутбольных соревнованиях West Coast) . конференции по большинству других видов спорта). Кроме того, штат Вебер и Южная Юта (SUU) соревнуются в конференции Big Sky Conference FCS . Utah Tech с футбольной программой FCS и Utah Valley без футбольной программы являются членами Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

Солт-Лейк-Сити принимал зимние Олимпийские игры 2002 года . После ранних финансовых проблем и скандалов Олимпийские игры 2002 года в конечном итоге стали одними из самых успешных зимних Олимпийских игр в истории с маркетинговой и финансовой точек зрения. Игры, которые посмотрели более двух миллиардов зрителей, принесли прибыль в размере 100 миллионов долларов.

Юта принимала профессиональные турниры по гольфу, такие как Uniting Fore Care Classic , а в настоящее время — чемпионат штата Юта .

Регби быстро растет в штате Юта: с 17 команд в 2009 году до 70 по состоянию на 2013 год с более чем 3000 игроков и более 55 университетских команд средней школы. Рост был частично вдохновлен фильмом Forever Strong 2008 года . В штате Юта представлены две самые конкурентоспособные команды страны по студенческому регби — BYU и Utah. УБЯ выигрывал национальный чемпионат в 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014 и 2015 годах. Юта Уорриорз , сформированная в 2017 году, является командой Высшей лиги регби, базирующейся в Солт-Лейк-Сити.

Развлечение

Юта является местом действия или местом съемок многих книг, фильмов, телесериалов, музыкальных клипов и видеоигр.

Столица штата Юта Солт-Лейк-Сити — последнее место в видеоигре The Last of Us .

  • Потусторонний вид солончаков Бонневиль использовался во многих фильмах и рекламных роликах.

    Потусторонний вид солончаков Бонневиль использовался во многих фильмах и рекламных роликах.

Смотрите также

  • Указатель статей, связанных с Ютой
  • Очертание Юты

Примечания

Рекомендации

 В эту статью включены материалы, являющиеся общественным достоянием, с веб-сайта Отдела парков и зон отдыха штата Юта .

дальнейшее чтение

  • Браун, Адам Р. Политика и правительство штата Юта: американская демократия среди уникального электората (U of Nebraska Press, 2018).
  • Чинг, Жаклин. Юта: прошлое и настоящее (Розен, 2010).
  • Мэй, Дин Л. Юта: история народа (U of Utah Press, 1987).
  • Петерсон, Чарльз С. и Брайан К. Кэннон. Неловкий штат Юта: взросление в стране, 1896–1945 гг . Солт-Лейк-Сити: Университет Юты, 2015. ISBN  978-1-60781-421-4
  • Пауэлл, Аллан Кент, изд. (1994), Энциклопедия истории штата Юта , Солт-Лейк-Сити, Юта: University of Utah Press , ISBN 0874804256, ОКЗК  30473917

Внешние ссылки

Общий

  • Юта в Керли

Правительство

  • «Штат Юта» (официальный веб-сайт).
  • «Энергетические данные и статистика для Юты» . США : Министерство энергетики. Архивировано из оригинала 20 июня 2008 года . Проверено 27 июня 2008 г.

Военный

  • «Национальная гвардия» . УТ: Армия. Архивировано из оригинала 20 июня 2011 года . Проверено 11 июня 2011 г.
  • «Воздушная национальная гвардия» . УТ: ВВС . Проверено 7 ноября 2015 г. .
  • «База ВВС Хилл» . УТ: ВВС . Проверено 4 мая 2017 г. .

Карты и демография

  • Гэмбл, Вашингтон; Митчелл, С. Огастес (1875 г.). Карта округа Юта и Невада (Карта). Техасский технический университет.«Факты штата Юта» . USDA . Проверено 7 ноября 2015 г. .
  • «Реальные, географические и другие научные ресурсы Юты» . USGS. Архивировано из оригинала 21 октября 2015 года . Проверено 7 ноября 2015 г. .
  • «Краткие факты» . США: Бюро переписи населения. Архивировано из оригинала 4 ноября 2015 года . Проверено 7 ноября 2015 г. ..
  • Географические данные, относящиеся к Юте, на OpenStreetMap.

Туризм и отдых

  • Официальный веб-сайт Управления по туризму штата Юта. Архивировано 12 февраля 2021 г. в Wayback Machine.
  • Управление по туризму (требуется Adobe Flash )
  • Парки штата Юта
  • Юта Трафик и дорожные условия

Другой

  • Торговая палата штата Юта

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